1-800-BAD-CODE
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README.md
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license: apache-2.0
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---
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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library_name: generic
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tags:
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- text2text-generation
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- punctuation
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- sentence-boundary-detection
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- truecasing
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language:
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- af
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- am
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- ar
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- bg
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- bn
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- de
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- el
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- en
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- es
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- et
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- fa
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- fi
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- fr
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- gu
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- hi
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- hr
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- hu
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- id
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- is
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- it
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- ja
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- kk
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- kn
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- ko
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- ky
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- lt
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- lv
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- mk
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- ml
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- mr
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- nl
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- or
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- pa
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- pl
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- ps
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- pt
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- ro
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- ru
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- rw
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- so
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- sr
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- sw
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- ta
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- te
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- tr
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- uk
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- zh
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---
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# Model Overview
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This is a fine-tuned `xlm-roberta` model that restores punctuation, true-cases (capitalizes),
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and detects sentence boundaries (full stops) in 47 languages.
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## Post-Punctuation Tokens
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This model predicts the following set of "post" punctuation tokens:
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| Token | Description | Relavant Languages |
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| ---: | :---------- | :----------- |
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| \<NULL\> | No punctuation | All |
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| \<ACRONYM\> | Every character in this subword is followed by a period | Primarily English, some European |
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| . | Latin full stop | Many |
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| , | Latin comma | Many |
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| ? | Latin question mark | Many |
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| ? | Full-width question mark | Chinese, Japanese |
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| , | Full-width comma | Chinese, Japanese |
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| 。 | Full-width full stop | Chinese, Japanese |
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| 、 | Ideographic comma | Chinese, Japanese |
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| ・ | Middle dot | Japanese |
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| । | Danda | Hindi, Bengali, Oriya |
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| ؟ | Arabic question mark | Arabic |
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| ; | Greek question mark | Greek |
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| ። | Ethiopic full stop | Amharic |
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| ፣ | Ethiopic comma | Amharic |
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| ፧ | Ethiopic question mark | Amharic |
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## Pre-Punctuation Tokens
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This model predicts the following set of "post" punctuation tokens:
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| Token | Description | Relavant Languages |
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| ---: | :---------- | :----------- |
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| ¿ | Inverted question mark | Spanish |
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# Training Details
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This model was trained in the NeMo framework.
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## Training Data
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This model was trained with News Crawl data from WMT.
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1M lines of text for each language was used, except for a few low-resource languages which may have used less.
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Languages were chosen based on whether the News Crawl corpus contained enough reliable-quality data as judged by the author.
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# Limitations
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This model was trained on news data, and may not perform well on conversational or informal data.
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Further, this model is unlikely to be of production quality.
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It was trained with "only" 1M lines per language, and the dev sets may have been noisy due to the nature of web-scraped news data.
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This is also a base-sized model with many languages and many tasks, so capacity may be limited.
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# Evaluation
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In these metrics, keep in mind that
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1. The data is noisy
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2. Sentence boundaries and true-casing are conditioned on predicted punctuation, which is the most difficult task and sometimes incorrect.
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When conditioning on reference punctuation, true-casing and SBD is practically 100% for most languages.
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4. Punctuation can be subjective. E.g.,
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`Hola mundo, ¿cómo estás?`
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or
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`Hola mundo. ¿Cómo estás?`
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When the sentences are longer and more practical, these ambiguities abound and affect all 3 analytics.
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## Test Data and Example Generation
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Each test example was generated using the following procedure:
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1. Concatenate 10 random sentences
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2. Lower-case the concatenated sentence
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3. Remove all punctuation
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The data is a held-out portion of News Crawl, which has been deduplicated.
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3,000 lines of data per language was used, generating 3,000 unique examples of 5 sentences each.
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The last 4 sentences of each example were randomly sampled from the 3,000 and may be duplicated.
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Examples longer than the model's maximum length were truncated.
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The number of affected sentences can be estimated from the "full stop" support: with 3,000
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sentences and 10 sentences per example, we expect 30,000 full stop targets total.
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## Selected Language Evaluation Reports
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