---
license: apache-2.0
datasets:
- AIDC-AI/Ovis-dataset
library_name: transformers
tags:
- MLLM
pipeline_tag: image-text-to-text
---

## Introduction
Ovis is a novel Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) architecture, designed to structurally align visual and textual embeddings. For a comprehensive introduction, please refer to [Ovis paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.20797) and [Ovis GitHub](https://github.com/AIDC-AI/Ovis).

<div align="center">
    <img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/658a8a837959448ef5500ce5/TIlymOb86R6_Mez3bpmcB.png" width="100%" />
</div>

## Model
Built upon Ovis1.5, Ovis1.6 further enhances high-resolution image processing, is trained on a larger, more diverse, and higher-quality dataset, and refines the training process with DPO training following instruction-tuning.

| Ovis MLLMs        | ViT         | LLM                |                          Model Weights                          |
|:------------------|:-----------:|:------------------:|:---------------------------------------------------------------:|
| Ovis1.6-Gemma2-9B | Siglip-400M | Gemma2-9B-It       | [Huggingface](https://huggingface.co/AIDC-AI/Ovis1.6-Gemma2-9B) |

## Performance
With just **10B** parameters, Ovis1.6-Gemma2-9B leads the [OpenCompass](https://github.com/open-compass/VLMEvalKit) benchmark among open-source MLLMs within **30B** parameters.

<div align="center">
    <img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/658a8a837959448ef5500ce5/FBw_icZic56Dm1XyzJaxA.png" width="100%" />
</div>

## Usage
Below is a code snippet to run Ovis with multimodal inputs. For additional usage instructions, including inference wrapper and Gradio UI, please refer to [Ovis GitHub](https://github.com/AIDC-AI/Ovis?tab=readme-ov-file#inference).
```bash
pip install torch==2.2.0 transformers==4.44.2 numpy==1.24.3 pillow==10.3.0
```
```python
import torch
from PIL import Image
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM

# load model
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("AIDC-AI/Ovis1.6-Gemma2-9B",
                                             torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
                                             multimodal_max_length=8192,
                                             trust_remote_code=True).cuda()
text_tokenizer = model.get_text_tokenizer()
visual_tokenizer = model.get_visual_tokenizer()

# enter image path and prompt
image_path = input("Enter image path: ")
image = Image.open(image_path)
text = input("Enter prompt: ")
query = f'<image>\n{text}'

# format conversation
prompt, input_ids, pixel_values = model.preprocess_inputs(query, [image])
attention_mask = torch.ne(input_ids, text_tokenizer.pad_token_id)
input_ids = input_ids.unsqueeze(0).to(device=model.device)
attention_mask = attention_mask.unsqueeze(0).to(device=model.device)
pixel_values = [pixel_values.to(dtype=visual_tokenizer.dtype, device=visual_tokenizer.device)]

# generate output
with torch.inference_mode():
    gen_kwargs = dict(
        max_new_tokens=1024,
        do_sample=False,
        top_p=None,
        top_k=None,
        temperature=None,
        repetition_penalty=None,
        eos_token_id=model.generation_config.eos_token_id,
        pad_token_id=text_tokenizer.pad_token_id,
        use_cache=True
    )
    output_ids = model.generate(input_ids, pixel_values=pixel_values, attention_mask=attention_mask, **gen_kwargs)[0]
    output = text_tokenizer.decode(output_ids, skip_special_tokens=True)
    print(f'Output:\n{output}')
```

<details>
<summary>Batch inference</summary>

```python
batch_inputs = [
    ('example_image1.jpeg', 'Describe the content of this image.'),
    ('example_image2.jpeg', 'What is the equation in the image?')
]

batch_input_ids = []
batch_attention_mask = []
batch_pixel_values = []

for image_path, text in batch_inputs:
    image = Image.open(image_path)
    query = f'<image>\n{text}'
    prompt, input_ids, pixel_values = model.preprocess_inputs(query, [image])
    attention_mask = torch.ne(input_ids, text_tokenizer.pad_token_id)
    input_ids = input_ids.unsqueeze(0).to(device=model.device)
    attention_mask = attention_mask.unsqueeze(0).to(device=model.device)
    pixel_values = [pixel_values.to(dtype=visual_tokenizer.dtype, device=visual_tokenizer.device)]
    batch_input_ids.append(input_ids.squeeze())
    batch_attention_mask.append(attention_mask.squeeze())
    batch_pixel_values.append(pixel_values)

pad_batch_input_ids = torch.nn.utils.rnn.pad_sequence([i.flip(dims=[0]) for i in batch_input_ids],batch_first=True, padding_value=0.0).flip(dims=[1])
pad_batch_input_ids =  pad_batch_input_ids[:,-model.config.multimodal_max_length:]
pad_batch_attention_mask = torch.nn.utils.rnn.pad_sequence([i.flip(dims=[0]) for i in batch_attention_mask],batch_first=True, padding_value=False).flip(dims=[1])
pad_batch_attention_mask = pad_batch_attention_mask[:,-model.config.multimodal_max_length:]
pad_batch_pixel_values = [item for sublist in batch_pixel_values for item in sublist]

# generate output
with torch.inference_mode():
    gen_kwargs = dict(
        max_new_tokens=1024,
        do_sample=False,
        top_p=None,
        top_k=None,
        temperature=None,
        repetition_penalty=None,
        eos_token_id=model.generation_config.eos_token_id,
        pad_token_id=text_tokenizer.pad_token_id,
        use_cache=True
    )
    output_ids = model.generate(pad_batch_input_ids, pixel_values=pad_batch_pixel_values, attention_mask=pad_batch_attention_mask, **gen_kwargs)

for i in range(len(batch_input_ids)):
    output = text_tokenizer.decode(output_ids[i], skip_special_tokens=True)
    print(f'Output_{i}:\n{output}')
```
</details>

## Citation
If you find Ovis useful, please cite the paper
```
@article{lu2024ovis,
  title={Ovis: Structural Embedding Alignment for Multimodal Large Language Model},
  author={Shiyin Lu and Yang Li and Qing-Guo Chen and Zhao Xu and Weihua Luo and Kaifu Zhang and Han-Jia Ye},
  year={2024},
  journal={arXiv:2405.20797}
}
```

## License
The project is licensed under the Apache 2.0 License and is restricted to uses that comply with the license agreements of Gemma2 and Siglip.