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README.md
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model-index:
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- name: vulnerability-severity-classification-roberta-base
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results: []
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datasets:
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- CIRCL/vulnerability-scores
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---
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<!-- This model card has been generated automatically according to the information the Trainer had access to. You
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should probably proofread and complete it, then remove this comment. -->
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#
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# Severity classification
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This model is a fine-tuned version of [roberta-base](https://huggingface.co/roberta-base) on the dataset [CIRCL/vulnerability-scores](https://huggingface.co/datasets/CIRCL/vulnerability-scores).
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The model was presented in the paper [VLAI: A RoBERTa-Based Model for Automated Vulnerability Severity Classification](https://huggingface.co/papers/2507.03607) [[arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.03607)].
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**Abstract:** VLAI is a transformer-based model that predicts software vulnerability severity levels directly from text descriptions. Built on RoBERTa, VLAI is fine-tuned on over 600,000 real-world vulnerabilities and achieves over 82% accuracy in predicting severity categories, enabling faster and more consistent triage ahead of manual CVSS scoring. The model and dataset are open-source and integrated into the Vulnerability-Lookup service.
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You can read [this page](https://www.vulnerability-lookup.org/user-manual/ai/) for more information.
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## Model description
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- Loss: 0.5084
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- Accuracy: 0.8277
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## How to get started with the model
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```python
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from transformers import AutoModelForSequenceClassification, AutoTokenizer
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import torch
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labels = ["low", "medium", "high", "critical"]
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
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model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(model_name)
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model.eval()
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that could severely harm the host system. This could significantly affect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the targeted system."
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inputs = tokenizer(test_description, return_tensors="pt", truncation=True, padding=True)
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with torch.no_grad():
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outputs = model(**inputs)
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predictions = torch.nn.functional.softmax(outputs.logits, dim=-1)
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print("Predictions:", predictions)
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predicted_class = torch.argmax(predictions, dim=-1).item()
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print("Predicted severity:", labels[predicted_class])
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```
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## Training procedure
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| Training Loss | Epoch | Step | Validation Loss | Accuracy |
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### Framework versions
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model-index:
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- name: vulnerability-severity-classification-roberta-base
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results: []
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---
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<!-- This model card has been generated automatically according to the information the Trainer had access to. You
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should probably proofread and complete it, then remove this comment. -->
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# vulnerability-severity-classification-roberta-base
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This model is a fine-tuned version of [roberta-base](https://huggingface.co/roberta-base) on an unknown dataset.
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It achieves the following results on the evaluation set:
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- Loss: 0.5069
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- Accuracy: 0.8258
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## Model description
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More information needed
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## Intended uses & limitations
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More information needed
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## Training and evaluation data
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More information needed
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## Training procedure
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| Training Loss | Epoch | Step | Validation Loss | Accuracy |
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|:-------------:|:-----:|:------:|:---------------:|:--------:|
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| 0.7733 | 1.0 | 28058 | 0.6456 | 0.7291 |
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| 0.5376 | 2.0 | 56116 | 0.5883 | 0.7666 |
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| 0.5097 | 3.0 | 84174 | 0.5378 | 0.7916 |
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| 0.3979 | 4.0 | 112232 | 0.5085 | 0.8137 |
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| 0.4002 | 5.0 | 140290 | 0.5069 | 0.8258 |
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### Framework versions
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emissions.csv
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timestamp,project_name,run_id,experiment_id,duration,emissions,emissions_rate,cpu_power,gpu_power,ram_power,cpu_energy,gpu_energy,ram_energy,energy_consumed,country_name,country_iso_code,region,cloud_provider,cloud_region,os,python_version,codecarbon_version,cpu_count,cpu_model,gpu_count,gpu_model,longitude,latitude,ram_total_size,tracking_mode,on_cloud,pue
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2025-07-
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timestamp,project_name,run_id,experiment_id,duration,emissions,emissions_rate,cpu_power,gpu_power,ram_power,cpu_energy,gpu_energy,ram_energy,energy_consumed,country_name,country_iso_code,region,cloud_provider,cloud_region,os,python_version,codecarbon_version,cpu_count,cpu_model,gpu_count,gpu_model,longitude,latitude,ram_total_size,tracking_mode,on_cloud,pue
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2025-07-21T22:00:12,codecarbon,9e190fcc-d943-4249-9457-b2c7b3d6d74c,5b0fa12a-3dd7-45bb-9766-cc326314d9f1,34016.25193414744,0.6141203214551272,1.8053732746453423e-05,42.5,422.07712790619274,94.34468364715576,0.4013549590253197,4.541868918214419,0.8909279278116806,5.834151805051415,Luxembourg,LUX,luxembourg,,,Linux-6.8.0-60-generic-x86_64-with-glibc2.39,3.12.3,2.8.4,64,AMD EPYC 9124 16-Core Processor,2,2 x NVIDIA L40S,6.1294,49.6113,251.58582305908203,machine,N,1.0
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