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README.md
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model-index:
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- name: vulnerability-severity-classification-roberta-base
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results: []
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datasets:
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- CIRCL/vulnerability-scores
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---
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<!-- This model card has been generated automatically according to the information the Trainer had access to. You
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should probably proofread and complete it, then remove this comment. -->
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#
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# Severity classification
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This model is a fine-tuned version of [roberta-base](https://huggingface.co/roberta-base) on the dataset [CIRCL/vulnerability-scores](https://huggingface.co/datasets/CIRCL/vulnerability-scores).
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The model was presented in the paper [VLAI: A RoBERTa-Based Model for Automated Vulnerability Severity Classification](https://huggingface.co/papers/2507.03607) [[arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.03607)].
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**Abstract:** VLAI is a transformer-based model that predicts software vulnerability severity levels directly from text descriptions. Built on RoBERTa, VLAI is fine-tuned on over 600,000 real-world vulnerabilities and achieves over 82% accuracy in predicting severity categories, enabling faster and more consistent triage ahead of manual CVSS scoring. The model and dataset are open-source and integrated into the Vulnerability-Lookup service.
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You can read [this page](https://www.vulnerability-lookup.org/user-manual/ai/) for more information.
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## Model description
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It achieves the following results on the evaluation set:
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- Loss: 0.5069
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- Accuracy: 0.8258
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## How to get started with the model
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```python
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from transformers import AutoModelForSequenceClassification, AutoTokenizer
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import torch
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
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model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(model_name)
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model.eval()
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that could severely harm the host system. This could significantly affect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the targeted system."
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inputs = tokenizer(test_description, return_tensors="pt", truncation=True, padding=True)
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with torch.no_grad():
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outputs = model(**inputs)
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predictions = torch.nn.functional.softmax(outputs.logits, dim=-1)
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print("Predictions:", predictions)
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predicted_class = torch.argmax(predictions, dim=-1).item()
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print("Predicted severity:", labels[predicted_class])
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```
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## Training procedure
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| Training Loss | Epoch | Step | Validation Loss | Accuracy |
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### Framework versions
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model-index:
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- name: vulnerability-severity-classification-roberta-base
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results: []
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---
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<!-- This model card has been generated automatically according to the information the Trainer had access to. You
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should probably proofread and complete it, then remove this comment. -->
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# vulnerability-severity-classification-roberta-base
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This model is a fine-tuned version of [roberta-base](https://huggingface.co/roberta-base) on an unknown dataset.
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It achieves the following results on the evaluation set:
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- Loss: 0.5098
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- Accuracy: 0.8258
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## Model description
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More information needed
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## Intended uses & limitations
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More information needed
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## Training and evaluation data
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More information needed
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## Training procedure
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| Training Loss | Epoch | Step | Validation Loss | Accuracy |
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|:-------------:|:-----:|:------:|:---------------:|:--------:|
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| 0.6421 | 1.0 | 28117 | 0.6400 | 0.7436 |
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| 0.5734 | 2.0 | 56234 | 0.5903 | 0.7758 |
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| 0.4304 | 3.0 | 84351 | 0.5422 | 0.7951 |
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| 0.4694 | 4.0 | 112468 | 0.5055 | 0.8176 |
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| 0.3141 | 5.0 | 140585 | 0.5098 | 0.8258 |
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### Framework versions
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emissions.csv
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timestamp,project_name,run_id,experiment_id,duration,emissions,emissions_rate,cpu_power,gpu_power,ram_power,cpu_energy,gpu_energy,ram_energy,energy_consumed,country_name,country_iso_code,region,cloud_provider,cloud_region,os,python_version,codecarbon_version,cpu_count,cpu_model,gpu_count,gpu_model,longitude,latitude,ram_total_size,tracking_mode,on_cloud,pue
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2025-07-
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timestamp,project_name,run_id,experiment_id,duration,emissions,emissions_rate,cpu_power,gpu_power,ram_power,cpu_energy,gpu_energy,ram_energy,energy_consumed,country_name,country_iso_code,region,cloud_provider,cloud_region,os,python_version,codecarbon_version,cpu_count,cpu_model,gpu_count,gpu_model,longitude,latitude,ram_total_size,tracking_mode,on_cloud,pue
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2025-07-25T15:09:30,codecarbon,1671c5cf-d51d-4aad-994c-a149fd2d189e,5b0fa12a-3dd7-45bb-9766-cc326314d9f1,33557.31429638248,0.6052922027774613,1.803756395495311e-05,42.5,433.1611236849119,94.34468364715576,0.39593592552908535,4.47545033341288,0.8788982928707405,5.75028455181271,Luxembourg,LUX,luxembourg,,,Linux-6.8.0-60-generic-x86_64-with-glibc2.39,3.12.3,2.8.4,64,AMD EPYC 9124 16-Core Processor,2,2 x NVIDIA L40S,6.1294,49.6113,251.58582305908203,machine,N,1.0
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model.safetensors
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