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#include "chat.h"
#include "json-schema-to-grammar.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "minja/chat-template.hpp"
#include "minja/minja.hpp"
#include <optional>
typedef minja::chat_template common_chat_template;
struct common_chat_templates {
bool has_explicit_template; // Model had builtin template or template overridde was specified.
std::unique_ptr<common_chat_template> template_default; // always set (defaults to chatml)
std::unique_ptr<common_chat_template> template_tool_use;
};
struct templates_params {
json messages;
json tools;
common_chat_tool_choice tool_choice;
json json_schema;
bool parallel_tool_calls;
bool stream;
std::string grammar;
bool add_generation_prompt = true;
bool extract_reasoning = true;
};
common_chat_tool_choice common_chat_tool_choice_parse_oaicompat(const std::string & tool_choice) {
if (tool_choice == "auto") {
return COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_AUTO;
}
if (tool_choice == "none") {
return COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_NONE;
}
if (tool_choice == "required") {
return COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
}
throw std::runtime_error("Invalid tool_choice: " + tool_choice);
}
template <>
std::vector<common_chat_msg> common_chat_msgs_parse_oaicompat(const json & messages) {
std::vector<common_chat_msg> msgs;
try {
if (!messages.is_array()) {
throw std::runtime_error("Expected 'messages' to be an array, got " + messages.dump());
}
for (const auto & message : messages) {
if (!message.is_object()) {
throw std::runtime_error("Expected 'message' to be an object, got " + message.dump());
}
common_chat_msg msg;
if (!message.contains("role")) {
throw std::runtime_error("Missing 'role' in message: " + message.dump());
}
msg.role = message.at("role");
auto has_content = message.contains("content");
auto has_tool_calls = message.contains("tool_calls");
if (has_content) {
const auto & content = message.at("content");
if (content.is_string()) {
msg.content = content;
} else if (content.is_array()) {
for (const auto & part : content) {
if (!part.contains("type")) {
throw std::runtime_error("Missing content part type: " + part.dump());
}
const auto & type = part.at("type");
if (type != "text") {
throw std::runtime_error("Unsupported content part type: " + type.dump());
}
common_chat_msg_content_part msg_part;
msg_part.type = type;
msg_part.text = part.at("text");
msg.content_parts.push_back(msg_part);
}
} else if (!content.is_null()) {
throw std::runtime_error("Invalid 'content' type: expected string or array, got " + content.dump() + " (ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/8367)");
}
}
if (has_tool_calls) {
for (const auto & tool_call : message.at("tool_calls")) {
common_chat_tool_call tc;
if (!tool_call.contains("type")) {
throw std::runtime_error("Missing tool call type: " + tool_call.dump());
}
const auto & type = tool_call.at("type");
if (type != "function") {
throw std::runtime_error("Unsupported tool call type: " + tool_call.dump());
}
if (!tool_call.contains("function")) {
throw std::runtime_error("Missing tool call function: " + tool_call.dump());
}
const auto & fc = tool_call.at("function");
if (!fc.contains("name")) {
throw std::runtime_error("Missing tool call name: " + tool_call.dump());
}
tc.name = fc.at("name");
tc.arguments = fc.at("arguments");
if (tool_call.contains("id")) {
tc.id = tool_call.at("id");
}
msg.tool_calls.push_back(tc);
}
}
if (!has_content && !has_tool_calls) {
throw std::runtime_error("Expected 'content' or 'tool_calls' (ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/8367 & https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/12279)");
}
if (message.contains("reasoning_content")) {
msg.reasoning_content = message.at("reasoning_content");
}
if (message.contains("name")) {
msg.tool_name = message.at("name");
}
if (message.contains("tool_call_id")) {
msg.tool_call_id = message.at("tool_call_id");
}
msgs.push_back(msg);
}
} catch (const std::exception & e) {
throw std::runtime_error("Failed to parse messages: " + std::string(e.what()) + "; messages = " + messages.dump(2));
}
return msgs;
}
template <>
json common_chat_msgs_to_json_oaicompat(const std::vector<common_chat_msg> & msgs, bool concat_typed_text) {
json messages = json::array();
for (const auto & msg : msgs) {
if (!msg.content.empty() && !msg.content_parts.empty()) {
throw std::runtime_error("Cannot specify both content and content_parts");
}
json jmsg {
{"role", msg.role},
};
if (!msg.content.empty()) {
jmsg["content"] = msg.content;
} else if (!msg.content_parts.empty()) {
if (concat_typed_text) {
std::string text;
for (const auto & part : msg.content_parts) {
if (part.type != "text") {
LOG_WRN("Ignoring content part type: %s\n", part.type.c_str());
continue;
}
if (!text.empty()) {
text += '\n';
}
text += part.text;
}
jmsg["content"] = text;
} else {
auto & parts = jmsg["content"] = json::array();
for (const auto & part : msg.content_parts) {
parts.push_back({
{"type", part.type},
{"text", part.text},
});
}
}
} else {
jmsg["content"] = json(); // null
}
if (!msg.reasoning_content.empty()) {
jmsg["reasoning_content"] = msg.reasoning_content;
}
if (!msg.tool_name.empty()) {
jmsg["name"] = msg.tool_name;
}
if (!msg.tool_call_id.empty()) {
jmsg["tool_call_id"] = msg.tool_call_id;
}
if (!msg.tool_calls.empty()) {
auto & tool_calls = jmsg["tool_calls"] = json::array();
for (const auto & tool_call : msg.tool_calls) {
json tc {
{"type", "function"},
{"function", {
{"name", tool_call.name},
{"arguments", tool_call.arguments},
}},
};
if (!tool_call.id.empty()) {
tc["id"] = tool_call.id;
}
tool_calls.push_back(tc);
}
}
messages.push_back(jmsg);
}
return messages;
}
template <>
std::vector<common_chat_msg> common_chat_msgs_parse_oaicompat(const std::string & messages) {
return common_chat_msgs_parse_oaicompat(json::parse(messages));
}
template <>
std::vector<common_chat_tool> common_chat_tools_parse_oaicompat(const json & tools) {
std::vector<common_chat_tool> result;
try {
if (!tools.is_null()) {
if (!tools.is_array()) {
throw std::runtime_error("Expected 'tools' to be an array, got " + tools.dump());
}
for (const auto & tool : tools) {
if (!tool.contains("type")) {
throw std::runtime_error("Missing tool type: " + tool.dump());
}
const auto & type = tool.at("type");
if (!type.is_string() || type != "function") {
throw std::runtime_error("Unsupported tool type: " + tool.dump());
}
if (!tool.contains("function")) {
throw std::runtime_error("Missing tool function: " + tool.dump());
}
const auto & function = tool.at("function");
result.push_back({
/* .name = */ function.at("name"),
/* .description = */ function.at("description"),
/* .parameters = */ function.at("parameters").dump(),
});
}
}
} catch (const std::exception & e) {
throw std::runtime_error("Failed to parse tools: " + std::string(e.what()) + "; tools = " + tools.dump(2));
}
return result;
}
template <>
std::vector<common_chat_tool> common_chat_tools_parse_oaicompat(const std::string & tools) {
return common_chat_tools_parse_oaicompat(json::parse(tools));
}
template <>
json common_chat_tools_to_json_oaicompat(const std::vector<common_chat_tool> & tools) {
if (tools.empty()) {
return json();
}
auto result = json::array();
for (const auto & tool : tools) {
result.push_back({
{"type", "function"},
{"function", {
{"name", tool.name},
{"description", tool.description},
{"parameters", json::parse(tool.parameters)},
}},
});
}
return result;
}
bool common_chat_verify_template(const std::string & tmpl, bool use_jinja) {
if (use_jinja) {
try {
common_chat_msg msg;
msg.role = "user";
msg.content = "test";
auto tmpls = common_chat_templates_init(/* model= */ nullptr, tmpl);
common_chat_templates_inputs inputs;
inputs.messages = {msg};
common_chat_templates_apply(tmpls.get(), inputs);
return true;
} catch (const std::exception & e) {
LOG_ERR("%s: failed to apply template: %s\n", __func__, e.what());
return false;
}
}
llama_chat_message chat[] = {{"user", "test"}};
const int res = llama_chat_apply_template(tmpl.c_str(), chat, 1, true, nullptr, 0);
return res >= 0;
}
std::string common_chat_format_single(
const struct common_chat_templates * tmpls,
const std::vector<common_chat_msg> & past_msg,
const common_chat_msg & new_msg,
bool add_ass,
bool use_jinja) {
common_chat_templates_inputs inputs;
inputs.use_jinja = use_jinja;
std::string fmt_past_msg;
if (!past_msg.empty()) {
inputs.messages = past_msg;
inputs.add_generation_prompt = false;
fmt_past_msg = common_chat_templates_apply(tmpls, inputs).prompt;
}
std::ostringstream ss;
// if the past_msg ends with a newline, we must preserve it in the formatted version
if (add_ass && !fmt_past_msg.empty() && fmt_past_msg.back() == '\n') {
ss << "\n";
};
// format chat with new_msg
inputs.messages.push_back(new_msg);
inputs.add_generation_prompt = add_ass;
auto fmt_new_msg = common_chat_templates_apply(tmpls, inputs).prompt;
// get the diff part
ss << fmt_new_msg.substr(fmt_past_msg.size(), fmt_new_msg.size() - fmt_past_msg.size());
return ss.str();
}
std::string common_chat_format_example(const struct common_chat_templates * tmpls, bool use_jinja) {
common_chat_templates_inputs inputs;
inputs.use_jinja = use_jinja;
auto add_simple_msg = [&](auto role, auto content) {
common_chat_msg msg;
msg.role = role;
msg.content = content;
inputs.messages.push_back(msg);
};
add_simple_msg("system", "You are a helpful assistant");
add_simple_msg("user", "Hello");
add_simple_msg("assistant", "Hi there");
add_simple_msg("user", "How are you?");
return common_chat_templates_apply(tmpls, inputs).prompt;
}
#define CHATML_TEMPLATE_SRC \
"{%- for message in messages -%}\n" \
" {{- '<|im_start|>' + message.role + '\n' + message.content + '<|im_end|>\n' -}}\n" \
"{%- endfor -%}\n" \
"{%- if add_generation_prompt -%}\n" \
" {{- '<|im_start|>assistant\n' -}}\n" \
"{%- endif -%}"
void common_chat_templates_free(struct common_chat_templates * tmpls) {
delete tmpls;
}
bool common_chat_templates_was_explicit(const struct common_chat_templates * tmpls) {
return tmpls->has_explicit_template;
}
const char * common_chat_templates_source(const struct common_chat_templates * tmpls, const char * variant) {
if (variant != nullptr) {
if (strcmp(variant, "tool_use") == 0) {
if (tmpls->template_tool_use) {
return tmpls->template_tool_use->source().c_str();
}
return nullptr;
} else {
LOG_DBG("%s: unknown template variant: %s\n", __func__, variant);
}
}
return tmpls->template_default->source().c_str();
}
common_chat_templates_ptr common_chat_templates_init(
const struct llama_model * model,
const std::string & chat_template_override,
const std::string & bos_token_override,
const std::string & eos_token_override)
{
std::string default_template_src;
std::string template_tool_use_src;
bool has_explicit_template = !chat_template_override.empty();
if (chat_template_override.empty()) {
GGML_ASSERT(model != nullptr);
const auto * str = llama_model_chat_template(model, /* name */ nullptr);
if (str) {
default_template_src = str;
has_explicit_template = true;
}
str = llama_model_chat_template(model, /* name */ "tool_use");
if (str) {
template_tool_use_src = str;
has_explicit_template = true;
}
} else {
default_template_src = chat_template_override;
}
if (default_template_src.empty() || default_template_src == "chatml") {
if (!template_tool_use_src.empty()) {
default_template_src = template_tool_use_src;
} else {
default_template_src = CHATML_TEMPLATE_SRC;
}
}
std::string token_bos = bos_token_override;
std::string token_eos = eos_token_override;
if (model) {
const auto * vocab = llama_model_get_vocab(model);
const auto get_token = [&](llama_token token, const char * name, const char * jinja_variable_name) {
if (token == LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL) {
if (default_template_src.find(jinja_variable_name) != std::string::npos
|| template_tool_use_src.find(jinja_variable_name) != std::string::npos) {
LOG_WRN("common_chat_templates_init: warning: vocab does not have a %s token, jinja template won't work as intended.\n", name);
}
return std::string();
}
return common_token_to_piece(vocab, token, true);
};
token_bos = get_token(llama_vocab_bos(vocab), "BOS", "bos_token");
token_eos = get_token(llama_vocab_eos(vocab), "EOS", "eos_token");
}
common_chat_templates_ptr tmpls(new common_chat_templates());
tmpls->has_explicit_template = has_explicit_template;
try {
tmpls->template_default = std::make_unique<minja::chat_template>(default_template_src, token_bos, token_eos);
} catch (const std::exception & e) {
LOG_ERR("%s: failed to parse chat template (defaulting to chatml): %s \n", __func__, e.what());
tmpls->template_default = std::make_unique<minja::chat_template>(CHATML_TEMPLATE_SRC, token_bos, token_eos);
}
if (!template_tool_use_src.empty()) {
try {
tmpls->template_tool_use = std::make_unique<minja::chat_template>(template_tool_use_src, token_bos, token_eos);
} catch (const std::exception & e) {
LOG_ERR("%s: failed to parse tool use chat template (ignoring it): %s\n", __func__, e.what());
}
}
return tmpls;
}
std::string common_chat_format_name(common_chat_format format) {
switch (format) {
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_CONTENT_ONLY: return "Content-only";
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GENERIC: return "Generic";
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_MISTRAL_NEMO: return "Mistral Nemo";
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LLAMA_3_X: return "Llama 3.x";
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LLAMA_3_X_WITH_BUILTIN_TOOLS: return "Llama 3.x with builtin tools";
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK_R1: return "DeepSeek R1";
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK_R1_EXTRACT_REASONING: return "DeepSeek R1 (extract reasoning)";
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FIREFUNCTION_V2: return "FireFunction v2";
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_2: return "Functionary v3.2";
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_1_LLAMA_3_1: return "Functionary v3.1 Llama 3.1";
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_HERMES_2_PRO: return "Hermes 2 Pro";
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_HERMES_2_PRO_EXTRACT_REASONING: return "Hermes 2 Pro (extract reasoning)";
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_COMMAND_R7B: return "Command R7B";
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_COMMAND_R7B_EXTRACT_REASONING: return "Command R7B (extract reasoning)";
default:
throw std::runtime_error("Unknown chat format");
}
}
static bool parse_json(std::string::const_iterator & it, const std::string::const_iterator & end, json & out) {
// // https://json.nlohmann.me/features/parsing/sax_interface/
struct json_error_locator : public nlohmann::json_sax<json> {
std::size_t position;
bool found_error;
json_error_locator() : position(0), found_error(false) {}
bool parse_error(std::size_t position, const std::string &, const json::exception &) override { // NOLINT
this->position = position - 1;
this->found_error = true;
return false;
}
bool null() override { return true; } // NOLINT
bool boolean(bool) override { return true; } // NOLINT
bool number_integer(number_integer_t) override { return true; } // NOLINT
bool number_unsigned(number_unsigned_t) override { return true; } // NOLINT
bool number_float(number_float_t, const string_t &) override { return true; } // NOLINT
bool string(string_t &) override { return true; } // NOLINT
bool binary(binary_t &) override { return true; } // NOLINT
bool start_object(std::size_t) override { return true; } // NOLINT
bool key(string_t &) override { return true; } // NOLINT
bool end_object() override { return true; }
bool start_array(std::size_t) override { return true; } // NOLINT
bool end_array() override { return true; }
};
json_error_locator err_loc;
json::sax_parse(it, end, &err_loc);
std::string::const_iterator temptative_end;
if (err_loc.found_error) {
temptative_end = it + err_loc.position;
} else {
temptative_end = end;
}
std::string json_sub {it, temptative_end};
try {
out = json::parse(json_sub);
it = temptative_end;
return true;
} catch (const std::exception &) {
return false;
}
}
static bool parse_literal(std::string::const_iterator & it, const std::string::const_iterator & end, const std::string & expected) {
auto expected_it = expected.begin();
auto tmp_it = it;
while (tmp_it != end && expected_it != expected.end() && *tmp_it == *expected_it) {
++tmp_it;
++expected_it;
}
if (expected_it == expected.end()) {
it = tmp_it;
return true;
}
return false;
}
static std::optional<std::smatch> parse_pattern(std::string::const_iterator & it, const std::string::const_iterator & end, const std::regex & expected) {
std::smatch match;
if (std::regex_match(it, end, match, expected)) {
it = match.suffix().first;
return match;
}
return std::nullopt;
}
static void consume_spaces(std::string::const_iterator & it, const std::string::const_iterator & end) {
while (it != end && std::isspace(*it)) {
++it;
}
}
/**
* Takes a prefix regex that must have 1 group to capture the function name, a closing suffix, and expects json parameters in between.
* Aggregates the prefix, suffix and in-between text into the content.
*/
static common_chat_msg parse_json_tool_calls(
const std::string& input,
const std::optional<std::regex> & trigger_opt,
const std::regex & function_regex,
const std::regex & close_regex,
bool allow_raw_python = false) {
std::smatch match;
common_chat_msg result;
result.role = "assistant";
auto end = input.end();
auto it = input.begin();
if (trigger_opt) {
if (!std::regex_search(it, end, match, *trigger_opt)) {
result.content = input;
return result;
}
result.content = match.prefix().str();
it = match.suffix().first;
}
while (it != end) {
std::sregex_iterator rend;
std::sregex_iterator rit(it, end, function_regex);
if (rit == rend) {
result.content += std::string(it, end);
break;
}
auto name = rit->str(1);
result.content += std::string(it, rit->prefix().second);
it = rit->suffix().first;
json arguments;
if (parse_json(it, end, arguments)) {
if (!std::regex_search(it, end, match, close_regex)) {
throw std::runtime_error("Malformed input, missing closing pattern: " + input);
}
it = match.suffix().first;
result.tool_calls.push_back({name, arguments.is_string() ? arguments.get<std::string>() : arguments.dump(), /* id= */ ""});
} else {
if (allow_raw_python && name == "python") {
result.tool_calls.push_back({name, json({{"code", std::string(it, end)}}).dump(), /* id= */ ""});
break;
}
throw std::runtime_error("Failed to parse json tool call arguments: " + input);
}
}
if (!result.tool_calls.empty()) {
if (!string_strip(result.content).empty()) {
LOG_WRN("Content found with tool calls: %s\n", result.content.c_str());
}
result.content = "";
}
return result;
}
static common_chat_tool_call process_tool_call(const json & tool_call) {
const auto & arguments = tool_call.at("arguments");
return {
/* .name = */ tool_call.at("name"),
/* .arguments = */ arguments.is_string() ? arguments.get<std::string>() : arguments.dump(),
/* .id = */ tool_call.contains("id") ? tool_call.at("id") : "",
};
}
static common_chat_msg parse_prefixed_json_tool_call_array(const std::string& input, const std::string & prefix, size_t rstrip_prefix = 0) {
auto content_end = input.find(prefix);
size_t tc_start = std::string::npos;
common_chat_msg result;
result.role = "assistant";
if (content_end == std::string::npos) {
result.content = input;
} else {
tc_start = content_end + prefix.size() - rstrip_prefix;
result.content = input.substr(0, content_end);
auto tool_calls = json::parse(input.substr(tc_start));
for (const auto & tool_call : tool_calls) {
result.tool_calls.emplace_back(process_tool_call(tool_call));
}
}
return result;
}
static void foreach_function(const json & tools, const std::function<void(const json &)> & fn) {
for (const auto & tool : tools) {
if (!tool.contains("type") || tool.at("type") != "function" || !tool.contains("function")) {
LOG_INF("Skipping tool without function: %s", tool.dump(2).c_str());
continue;
}
fn(tool);
}
}
static std::string apply(
const common_chat_template & tmpl,
const nlohmann::ordered_json & messages,
const nlohmann::ordered_json & tools,
bool add_generation_prompt,
const nlohmann::ordered_json & extra_context = nlohmann::ordered_json())
{
minja::chat_template_inputs tmpl_inputs;
tmpl_inputs.messages = messages;
tmpl_inputs.tools = tools;
tmpl_inputs.add_generation_prompt = add_generation_prompt;
tmpl_inputs.extra_context = extra_context;
// TODO: add flag to control date/time, if only for testing purposes.
// tmpl_inputs.now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
minja::chat_template_options tmpl_opts;
// To avoid double BOS / EOS tokens, we're manually removing begining / trailing tokens
// instead of using `chat_template_options.use_bos_token = false`, since these tokens
// may be needed inside the template / between messages too.
auto result = tmpl.apply(tmpl_inputs, tmpl_opts);
if (string_starts_with(result, tmpl.bos_token())) {
result = result.substr(tmpl.bos_token().size());
}
if (string_ends_with(result, tmpl.eos_token())) {
result = result.substr(0, result.size() - tmpl.eos_token().size());
}
return result;
}
static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_generic(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
common_chat_params data;
auto tool_call_schemas = json::array();
foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
const auto & function = tool.at("function");
auto tool_schema = json {
{"type", "object"},
{"properties", {
{"name", {
{"type", "string"},
{"const", function.at("name")},
}},
{"arguments", function.at("parameters")},
}},
{"required", json::array({"name", "arguments"})},
};
if (function.contains("description")) {
tool_schema["description"] = function.at("description");
}
if (inputs.parallel_tool_calls) {
tool_schema.at("properties")["id"] = {
{"type", "string"},
{"minLength", 4},
};
tool_schema.at("required").push_back("id");
}
tool_call_schemas.emplace_back(tool_schema);
});
const auto tool_call =
inputs.parallel_tool_calls
? json {
{"type", "object"},
{"properties", {
{"tool_calls", {
{"type", "array"},
{"items", tool_call_schemas.size() == 1 ? tool_call_schemas[0] : json {
{"anyOf", tool_call_schemas},
}},
{"minItems", 1},
}},
}},
{"required", json::array({"tool_calls"})},
}
: json {
{"type", "object"},
{"properties", {
{"tool_call", tool_call_schemas.size() == 1 ? tool_call_schemas[0] : json {
{"anyOf", tool_call_schemas},
}},
}},
{"required", json::array({"tool_call"})},
};
const auto schema =
inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED
? json {
{"anyOf", json::array({
tool_call,
{
{"type", "object"},
{"properties", {
{"response", inputs.json_schema.is_null()
? json {{"type", "string"}}
: inputs.json_schema
},
}},
{"required", json::array({"response"})},
},
})}
}
: tool_call;
data.grammar_lazy = false;
data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
builder.add_schema("root", schema);
});
auto tweaked_messages = common_chat_template::add_system(
inputs.messages,
"Respond in JSON format, either with `tool_call` (a request to call tools) or with `response` reply to the user's request");
data.prompt = apply(tmpl, tweaked_messages, inputs.tools.empty() ? json() : inputs.tools, inputs.add_generation_prompt);
data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GENERIC;
return data;
}
static common_chat_msg common_chat_parse_generic(const std::string & input) {
json data = json::parse(input);
common_chat_msg result;
result.role = "assistant";
if (data.contains("tool_calls")) {
for (const auto & tool_call : data.at("tool_calls")) {
result.tool_calls.push_back({
tool_call.at("name"),
tool_call.at("arguments").dump(),
tool_call.contains("id") ? tool_call.at("id") : "",
});
}
} else if (data.contains("tool_call")) {
result.tool_calls.push_back({
data.at("tool_call").at("name"),
data.at("tool_call").at("arguments").dump(),
/* id= */ "",
});
} else if (data.contains("response")) {
const auto & response = data.at("response");
result.content = response.is_string() ? response.get<std::string>() : response.dump(2);
}
return result;
}
static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_mistral_nemo(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
common_chat_params data;
data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
auto schemas = json::array();
foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
const auto & function = tool.at("function");
schemas.push_back({
{"type", "object"},
{"properties", {
// Important note: the model is probably trained to take a JSON stringified arguments value.
// It's hard to constrain that for now (while reusing the JSON schema conversion), so we're just expecting a plain object.
{"name", {
{"type", "string"},
{"const", function.at("name")},
}},
{"arguments", function.at("parameters")},
{"id", {
{"type", "string"},
// Nemo's template expects a 9-character alphanumeric ID.
{"pattern", "^[a-zA-Z0-9]{9}$"},
}},
}},
{"required", json::array({"name", "arguments", "id"})},
});
});
auto schema = json {
{"type", "array"},
{"items", schemas.size() == 1 ? schemas[0] : json {{"anyOf", schemas}}},
{"minItems", 1},
};
if (!inputs.parallel_tool_calls) {
schema["maxItems"] = 1;
}
builder.add_rule("root", "\"[TOOL_CALLS]\" " + builder.add_schema("tool_calls", schema));
});
data.grammar_triggers.push_back({COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, "[TOOL_CALLS]"});
data.preserved_tokens = {
"[TOOL_CALLS]",
};
data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs.messages, inputs.tools.empty() ? json() : inputs.tools, inputs.add_generation_prompt);
data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_MISTRAL_NEMO;
return data;
}
static common_chat_msg common_chat_parse_mistral_nemo(const std::string & input) {
return parse_prefixed_json_tool_call_array(input, "[TOOL_CALLS]");
}
static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_command_r7b(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
common_chat_params data;
data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
auto schemas = json::array();
foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
const auto & function = tool.at("function");
schemas.push_back({
{"type", "object"},
{"properties", {
{"tool_call_id", {
{"type", "string"},
// Command-R's template expects an integer string.
{"pattern", "^[0-9]{1,10}$"},
}},
{"tool_name", {
{"type", "string"},
{"const", function.at("name")},
}},
{"parameters", function.at("parameters")},
}},
{"required", json::array({"tool_call_id", "tool_name", "parameters"})},
});
});
auto schema = json {
{"type", "array"},
{"items", schemas.size() == 1 ? schemas[0] : json {{"anyOf", schemas}}},
{"minItems", 1},
};
if (!inputs.parallel_tool_calls) {
schema["maxItems"] = 1;
}
builder.add_rule("root", "\"<|START_ACTION|>\" " + builder.add_schema("tool_calls", schema) + " \"<|END_ACTION|>\"");
});
data.grammar_triggers.push_back({
COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD,
"<|START_ACTION|>",
});
data.preserved_tokens = {
"<|START_ACTION|>",
"<|END_ACTION|>",
"<|START_RESPONSE|>",
"<|END_RESPONSE|>",
"<|START_THINKING|>",
"<|END_THINKING|>",
};
auto adjusted_messages = json::array();
for (const auto & msg : inputs.messages) {
auto has_reasoning_content = msg.contains("reasoning_content") && msg.at("reasoning_content").is_string();
auto has_tool_calls = msg.contains("tool_calls") && msg.at("tool_calls").is_array();
if (has_reasoning_content && has_tool_calls) {
auto adjusted_message = msg;
adjusted_message["tool_plan"] = msg.at("reasoning_content");
adjusted_message.erase("reasoning_content");
adjusted_messages.push_back(adjusted_message);
} else {
adjusted_messages.push_back(msg);
}
}
data.prompt = apply(tmpl, adjusted_messages, inputs.tools.empty() ? json() : inputs.tools, inputs.add_generation_prompt, {});
data.format = inputs.extract_reasoning ? COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_COMMAND_R7B_EXTRACT_REASONING : COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_COMMAND_R7B;
return data;
}
static common_chat_msg common_chat_parse_command_r7b(const std::string & input, bool extract_reasoning) {
static const std::regex thought_regex("(<\\|START_THINKING\\|>([\\s\\S]*?)<\\|END_THINKING\\|>)([\\s\\S]*)");
static const std::regex action_regex("<\\|START_ACTION\\|>([\\s\\S]*?)<\\|END_ACTION\\|>");
static const std::regex response_regex("(?:<\\|START_RESPONSE\\|>)?([\\s\\S]*?)<\\|END_RESPONSE\\|>");
std::smatch match;
common_chat_msg result;
result.role = "assistant";
std::string rest = input;
if (std::regex_match(rest, match, thought_regex)) {
if (extract_reasoning) {
result.reasoning_content = match[2].str();
} else if (!match[2].str().empty()) {
// Let the unparsed thinking tags through in content only if their insides aren't empty.
result.content = match[1].str();
}
rest = match[3].str();
}
if (std::regex_match(rest, match, action_regex)) {
auto actions_str = match[1].str();
auto actions = json::parse(actions_str);
for (const auto & action : actions) {
result.tool_calls.push_back({
/* .name = */ action.at("tool_name"),
/* .arguments = */ action.at("parameters").dump(),
/* .id = */ action.at("tool_call_id"),
});
}
} else if (std::regex_match(rest, match, response_regex)) {
auto response = match[1].str();
result.content += response;
} else {
result.content += rest;
}
return result;
}
static void expect_tool_parameters(const std::string & name, const json & parameters, const std::vector<std::string> & expected_properties) {
if (!parameters.is_object() || !parameters.contains("type") || parameters.at("type") != "object" || !parameters.contains("properties") || !parameters.contains("required")) {
throw std::runtime_error("Parameters of tool " + name + " must be an object w/ required properties");
}
const auto & parameters_properties = parameters.at("properties");
const auto & parameters_required = parameters.at("required");
for (const auto & prop : expected_properties) {
if (!parameters_properties.contains(prop)) {
throw std::runtime_error("Parameters of tool " + name + " is missing property: " + prop); // NOLINT
}
if (std::find(parameters_required.begin(), parameters_required.end(), json(prop)) == parameters_required.end()) {
throw std::runtime_error("Parameters of tool " + name + " must have property marked as required: " + prop); // NOLINT
}
}
if (parameters_properties.size() != expected_properties.size()) {
throw std::runtime_error("Parameters of tool " + name + " must only have these properties:" + string_join(expected_properties, ", "));
}
}
static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_llama_3_1_tool_calls(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs, bool allow_python_tag_builtin_tools) {
auto builtin_tools = json::array();
common_chat_params data;
data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
std::vector<std::string> tool_rules;
auto handle_builtin_tool = [&](const std::string & name, const json & parameters) {
if (name == "wolfram_alpha" || name == "web_search" || name == "brave_search") {
// https://github.com/meta-llama/llama-stack/blob/main/llama_stack/providers/remote/tool_runtime/wolfram_alpha/wolfram_alpha.py
// https://github.com/meta-llama/llama-stack/blob/main/llama_stack/providers/remote/tool_runtime/brave_search/brave_search.py
expect_tool_parameters(name, parameters, {"query"});
} else if (name == "python" || name == "code_interpreter") {
// https://github.com/meta-llama/llama-stack/blob/main/llama_stack/providers/inline/tool_runtime/code_interpreter/code_interpreter.py
expect_tool_parameters(name, parameters, {"code"});
} else {
return false;
}
std::vector<std::string> kvs;
for (const auto & [key, value] : parameters.at("properties").items()) {
kvs.push_back("\"" + key + "=\" " + builder.add_schema(name + "-args-" + key, value)); // NOLINT
}
tool_rules.push_back(
builder.add_rule(
name + "-call",
"\"<|python_tag|>" + name + ".call(\" " + string_join(kvs, " \", \" ") + " \")\""));
builtin_tools.push_back(name);
return true;
};
foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
const auto & function = tool.at("function");
std::string name = function.at("name");
auto parameters = function.at("parameters");
builder.resolve_refs(parameters);
// https://github.com/meta-llama/llama-stack/tree/main/llama_stack/providers/remote/tool_runtime
if (allow_python_tag_builtin_tools) {
handle_builtin_tool(name, parameters);
}
tool_rules.push_back(
builder.add_rule(
name + "-call",
"\"{\" space "
"( \"\\\"type\\\"\" space \":\" space \"\\\"function\\\"\" space \",\" space )? "
" \"\\\"name\\\"\" space \":\" space \"\\\"" + name + "\\\"\" space \",\" space "
" \"\\\"parameters\\\"\" space \":\" space " + builder.add_schema(name + "-args", parameters) + " "
"\"}\" space"));
});
// Small models may hallucinate function names so we match anything (*at the start*) that looks like the JSON of a function call, regardless of the name.
data.grammar_triggers.push_back({
COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN_START,
"\\{\\s*(?:\"type\"\\s*:\\s*\"function\"\\s*,\\s*)?\"name\"\\s*:\\s*\"", // + name + "\"[\\s\\S]*",
});
if (!builtin_tools.empty()) {
data.grammar_triggers.push_back({COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, "<|python_tag|>"});
data.preserved_tokens.push_back("<|python_tag|>");
}
// Allow a few empty lines on top of the usual constrained json schema space rule.
builder.add_rule("root", string_join(tool_rules, " | "));
});
data.additional_stops.push_back("<|eom_id|>");
data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs.messages, inputs.tools.empty() ? json() : inputs.tools, inputs.add_generation_prompt, {
{"tools_in_user_message", false},
{"builtin_tools", builtin_tools.empty() ? json() : builtin_tools},
});
data.format = allow_python_tag_builtin_tools && !builtin_tools.empty()
? COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LLAMA_3_X_WITH_BUILTIN_TOOLS
: COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LLAMA_3_X;
return data;
}
static common_chat_msg common_chat_parse_llama_3_1(const std::string & input, bool with_builtin_tools = false) {
// TODO: tighten & simplify the parser, don't accept leading text context.
static const std::regex function_regex(
"\\s*\\{\\s*(?:\"type\"\\s*:\\s*\"function\"\\s*,\\s*)?\"name\"\\s*:\\s*\"([^\"]+)\"\\s*,\\s*\"parameters\"\\s*: ");
static const std::regex close_regex("\\}\\s*");
static const std::regex builtin_call_regex("<\\|python_tag\\|>\\s*([^.(]+)\\s*\\.\\s*call\\s*\\(\\s*([\\w]+)\\s*=\\s*([\\s\\S]*?)\\)");
if (with_builtin_tools) {
std::smatch match;
if (std::regex_match(input, match, builtin_call_regex)) {
try {
auto name = match[1].str();
auto arg_name = match[2].str();
auto arg_value_str = match[3].str();
auto arg_value = json::parse(arg_value_str);
common_chat_msg msg;
msg.role = "assistant";
msg.tool_calls.push_back({
/* .name = */ name,
/* .arguments = */ (json {
{arg_name, arg_value},
}).dump(),
/* .id = */ "",
});
return msg;
} catch (const std::exception & e) {
LOG_WRN("Failed to parse builtin tool call arguments (%s): %s", e.what(), input.c_str());
}
}
}
return parse_json_tool_calls(input, std::nullopt, function_regex, close_regex);
}
static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_deepseek_r1(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
common_chat_params data;
if (inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty()) {
data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED && inputs.json_schema.is_null();
data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
std::vector<std::string> tool_rules;
foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
const auto & function = tool.at("function");
std::string name = function.at("name");
auto parameters = function.at("parameters");
builder.resolve_refs(parameters);
tool_rules.push_back(builder.add_rule(name + "-call",
"\"<｜tool▁call▁begin｜>function<｜tool▁sep｜>" + name + "\\n"
"```json\\n\" " + builder.add_schema(name + "-args", parameters) + " "
"\"```<｜tool▁call▁end｜>\""));
});
// Distill Qwen 7B & 32B models seem confused re/ syntax of their tool call opening tag,
// so we accept common variants (then it's all constrained)
builder.add_rule("root",
"( \"<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜>\" | \"<｜tool_calls_begin｜>\" | \"<｜tool calls begin｜>\" | \"<｜tool\\\\_calls\\\\_begin｜>\" ) "
"(" + string_join(tool_rules, " | ") + ")" + (inputs.parallel_tool_calls ? "*" : "") + " "
"\"<｜tool▁calls▁end｜>\""
" space");
data.grammar_triggers.push_back({COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, "<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜>"});
data.grammar_triggers.push_back({COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, "<｜tool_calls_begin｜>"});
data.grammar_triggers.push_back({COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, "<｜tool calls begin｜>"});
data.grammar_triggers.push_back({COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, "<｜tool\\_calls\\_begin｜>"});
data.preserved_tokens = {
"<think>",
"</think>",
"<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜>",
"<｜tool▁call▁begin｜>",
"<｜tool▁sep｜>",
"<｜tool▁call▁end｜>",
"<｜tool▁calls▁end｜",
};
});
}
auto prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs.messages, inputs.tools.empty() ? json() : inputs.tools, inputs.add_generation_prompt);
// Hacks to fix the official (broken) prompt.
// It is advisable to use --chat-template-file models/templates/llama-cpp-deepseek-r1.jinja instead,
// until the official template is fixed.
if (tmpl.source().find("{% if ns.is_tool %}{{'<｜tool▁outputs▁end｜>'}}") != std::string::npos) {
// Don't leave the chat dangling after tool results
if (string_ends_with(prompt, "<｜tool▁outputs▁end｜>")) {
prompt += "<｜end▁of▁sentence｜>";
if (inputs.add_generation_prompt) {
prompt += "<｜Assistant｜>";
}
}
// Fix up tool call delta example added by Minja
prompt = std::regex_replace(
prompt,
std::regex("(<｜tool▁call▁end｜>)[\\s\\r\\n]*(<｜tool▁outputs▁begin｜>|<｜User｜>)"),
"$1<｜tool▁calls▁end｜><｜end▁of▁sentence｜>$2");
}
data.prompt = prompt;
data.format = inputs.extract_reasoning ? COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK_R1_EXTRACT_REASONING : COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK_R1;
return data;
}
static common_chat_msg handle_think_tag_prelude(const std::string & input, bool extract_reasoning, const std::function<common_chat_msg(const std::string &)> & rest_parser) {
std::smatch match;
static const std::regex reasoning_content_regex("((?:<think>)?([\\s\\S\\r\\n]*?)</think>)?([\\s\\S\\r\\n]*)");
if (std::regex_match(input, match, reasoning_content_regex)) {
auto rest = match[3].str();
auto msg = rest_parser(rest);
auto reasoning_content = string_strip(match[2].str());
if (extract_reasoning) {
msg.reasoning_content = reasoning_content;
} else if (!reasoning_content.empty()) {
std::ostringstream content;
content << "<think>" << reasoning_content << "</think>" << msg.content;
msg.content = content.str();
}
return msg;
}
return rest_parser(input);
}
static common_chat_msg common_chat_parse_deepseek_r1(const std::string & input, bool extract_reasoning) {
return handle_think_tag_prelude(input, extract_reasoning, [](const std::string & input) {
static const std::regex function_regex("<｜tool▁call▁begin｜>function<｜tool▁sep｜>([^\n]+)\n```json\n");
static const std::regex close_regex("```[\\s\\r\\n]*<｜tool▁call▁end｜>");
static const std::regex tool_calls_regex("[\\s\\r\\n]*(?:<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜>|<｜tool_calls_begin｜>|<｜tool calls begin｜>|<｜tool\\\\_calls\\\\_begin｜>)([\\s\\S\\r\\n]*?)<｜tool▁calls▁end｜>");
common_chat_msg msg;
msg.role = "assistant";
std::smatch match;
if (std::regex_search(input, match, tool_calls_regex)) {
auto tool_calls = match[1].str();
auto msg2 = parse_json_tool_calls(tool_calls, std::nullopt, function_regex, close_regex);
msg.tool_calls = std::move(msg2.tool_calls);
} else {
msg.content = input;
}
return msg;
});
}
static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_firefunction_v2(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
LOG_DBG("%s\n", __func__);
common_chat_params data;
data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs.messages, /* tools= */ nullptr, inputs.add_generation_prompt, {
{"datetime", "Jan 29 2025 13:00:00 GMT"},
{"functions", json(inputs.tools.empty() ? "" : inputs.tools.dump(2))},
});
if (inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty()) {
data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
auto schemas = json::array();
foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
const auto & function = tool.at("function");
schemas.push_back({
{"type", "object"},
{"properties", {
{"name", {
{"type", "string"},
{"const", function.at("name")},
}},
{"arguments", function.at("parameters")},
}},
{"required", json::array({"name", "arguments", "id"})},
});
});
auto schema = json {
{"type", "array"},
{"items", schemas.size() == 1 ? schemas[0] : json {{"anyOf", schemas}}},
{"minItems", 1},
};
if (!inputs.parallel_tool_calls) {
schema["maxItems"] = 1;
}
builder.add_rule("root", "\" functools\"? " + builder.add_schema("tool_calls", schema));
});
data.grammar_triggers.push_back({COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, " functools["});
data.preserved_tokens = {
" functools[",
};
data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FIREFUNCTION_V2;
} else {
data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_CONTENT_ONLY;
}
return data;
}
static common_chat_msg common_chat_parse_firefunction_v2(const std::string & input) {
return parse_prefixed_json_tool_call_array(input, " functools[", /* rstrip_prefix= */ 1);
}
static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_functionary_v3_2(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
// >>>all\nlet's call functions>>>fn1\n{"arg1": 1...}\n>>>fn2\n{"arg1": 1...}...
// Using ">>>f1\n", ">>>f2\n"... as trigger words for the grammar
common_chat_params data;
data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs.messages, inputs.tools.empty() ? json() : inputs.tools, inputs.add_generation_prompt);
data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_2;
if (inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty()) {
data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
std::vector<std::string> first_tool_rules;
std::vector<std::string> subsequent_tool_rules;
foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
const auto & function = tool.at("function");
std::string name = function.at("name");
auto parameters = function.at("parameters");
builder.resolve_refs(parameters);
auto args_rule = builder.add_schema(name + "-args", parameters);
first_tool_rules.push_back(builder.add_rule(name + "-call", "( \"assistant<|end_header_id|>\\n\" )? \"" + name + "\\n\" " + args_rule));
subsequent_tool_rules.push_back(builder.add_rule(name + "-call2", "\">>>" + name + "\\n\" " + args_rule));
data.grammar_triggers.push_back({
COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN_START,
regex_escape(name + "\n"),
});
data.grammar_triggers.push_back({
COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN_START,
regex_escape("assistant<|end_header_id|>\n" + name + "\n"),
});
data.grammar_triggers.push_back({
COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD,
regex_escape(">>>" + name + "\n"),
});
data.grammar_triggers.push_back({
COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD,
">>>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n" + name,
});
});
data.preserved_tokens = {
"<|end_header_id|>",
};
auto first_rule = first_tool_rules.empty() ? "" : builder.add_rule("first_tool_call", string_join(first_tool_rules, " | ")) + " space";
if (inputs.parallel_tool_calls) {
auto subsequent_rule = builder.add_rule("subsequent_tool_call", string_join(subsequent_tool_rules, " | ")) + " space";
builder.add_rule("root", first_rule + " (" + subsequent_rule + ")*");
} else {
builder.add_rule("root", first_rule);
}
});
}
return data;
}
static common_chat_msg common_chat_parse_functionary_v3_2(const std::string & input) {
static const std::regex function_regex(R"((?:>>>)?(?:assistant<|end_header_id|>\n)?(\w+)\n)");
static const std::regex close_regex(R"($|(?=>>>))");
std::string content;
auto it = input.begin();
const auto end = input.end();
if (parse_literal(it, end, "all\n")) {
std::smatch match;
if (std::regex_search(it, end, match, function_regex)) {
auto fun_it = match.prefix().second;
content = std::string(it, fun_it);
it = fun_it;
} else {
common_chat_msg res;
res.role = "assistant";
res.content = std::string(it, end);
return res;
}
}
// TODO: tighten & simplify.
try {
auto res = parse_json_tool_calls(std::string(it, end), std::nullopt, function_regex, close_regex, /* allow_raw_python= */ true);
res.content = content + res.content;
return res;
} catch (const std::exception & e) {
LOG_ERR("Failed to parse functionary v3.2 input: %s\n", e.what());
common_chat_msg res;
res.role = "assistant";
res.content = input;
return res;
}
}
static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_functionary_v3_1_llama_3_1(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
// https://github.com/MeetKai/functionary/blob/main/tests/prompt_test_v3-llama3.1.txt
common_chat_params data;
json tools = inputs.tools.is_null() ? inputs.tools : json::array();
std::string python_code_argument_name;
auto has_raw_python = false;
data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
std::vector<std::string> tool_rules;
foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
const auto & function = tool.at("function");
const auto & parameters = function.at("parameters");
std::string name = function.at("name");
if (name == "python" || name == "ipython") {
if (!parameters.contains("type")) {
throw std::runtime_error("Missing type in python tool");
}
has_raw_python = true;
const auto & type = parameters.at("type");
if (type == "object") {
auto properties = parameters.at("properties");
for (auto it = properties.begin(); it != properties.end(); ++it) {
if (it.value().at("type") == "string") {
if (!python_code_argument_name.empty()) {
throw std::runtime_error("Multiple string arguments found in python tool");
}
python_code_argument_name = it.key();
}
}
if (python_code_argument_name.empty()) {
throw std::runtime_error("No string argument found in python tool");
}
} else if (type != "string") {
throw std::runtime_error("Invalid type in python tool: " + type.dump());
}
}
tool_rules.push_back(builder.add_rule(name + "-call", "\"<function=" + name + ">\" " + builder.add_schema(name + "-args", parameters) + " \"</function>\" space"));
});
if (has_raw_python) {
tool_rules.push_back(builder.add_rule("python-call", "\"<|python_tag|>\" .*"));
data.grammar_triggers.push_back({COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, "<|python_tag|>"});
data.preserved_tokens.push_back("<|python_tag|>");
}
auto tool_call = builder.add_rule("tool_call", string_join(tool_rules, " | ")) + " space";
builder.add_rule("root", inputs.parallel_tool_calls ? "(" + tool_call + ")+" : tool_call);
data.grammar_triggers.push_back({COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, "<function="});
});
data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs.messages, inputs.tools.empty() ? json() : inputs.tools, inputs.add_generation_prompt);
// TODO: if (has_raw_python)
data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_1_LLAMA_3_1;
return data;
}
static common_chat_msg common_chat_parse_functionary_v3_1_llama_3_1(const std::string & input) {
// This version of Functionary still supports the llama 3.1 tool call format for the python tool.
static const std::regex python_tag_regex(R"(<\|python_tag\|>([\s\S\n]*)$)");
std::smatch match;
if (std::regex_search(input, match, python_tag_regex)) {
auto code = match[1].str();
common_chat_msg msg;
msg.role = "assistant";
msg.content = match.prefix().str();
msg.tool_calls.push_back({
/* .name = */ "python",
/* .arguments = */ (json {{"code", code}}).dump(),
/* .id = */ "",
});
return msg;
}
static const std::regex function_regex(R"(<function=(\w+)>)");
static const std::regex close_regex(R"(</function>)");
// TODO: tighten & simplify.
return parse_json_tool_calls(input, std::nullopt, function_regex, close_regex);
}
static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_hermes_2_pro(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
common_chat_params data;
// (content)?(<tool_call>{"name": "foo", "arguments": {"a": 1}}</tool_call>)*
data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
std::vector<std::string> tool_rules;
std::vector<std::string> tool_call_alts;
foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
const auto & function = tool.at("function");
std::string name = function.at("name");
auto parameters = function.at("parameters");
builder.resolve_refs(parameters);
tool_rules.push_back(builder.add_schema(name + "-call", {
{"type", "object"},
{"properties", json {
{"name", json {{"const", name}}},
{"arguments", parameters},
}},
{"required", json::array({"name", "arguments"})},
}));
tool_call_alts.push_back(builder.add_rule(
name + "-function-tag",
"\"<function\" ( \"=" + name + "\" | \" name=\\\"" + name + "\\\"\" ) \">\" space " +
builder.add_schema(name + "-args", parameters) + " "
"\"</function>\" space"));
data.grammar_triggers.push_back({
COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD,
"<function=" + name + ">",
});
auto escaped_name = regex_escape(name);
data.grammar_triggers.push_back({
COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN,
"<function\\s+name\\s*=\\s*\"" + escaped_name + "\"",
});
});
auto any_tool_call = builder.add_rule("any_tool_call", "( " + string_join(tool_rules, " | ") + " ) space");
std::vector<std::string> alt_tags {
any_tool_call,
"\"<tool_call>\" space " + any_tool_call + " \"</tool_call>\"",
// The rest is just to accommodate common "good bad" outputs.
"\"<function_call>\" space " + any_tool_call + " \"</function_call>\"",
"\"<response>\" space " + any_tool_call + " \"</response>\"",
"\"<tools>\" space " + any_tool_call + " \"</tools>\"",
"\"<json>\" space " + any_tool_call + " \"</json>\"",
"\"<xml>\" space " + any_tool_call + " \"</xml>\"",
"\"<JSON>\" space " + any_tool_call + " \"</JSON>\"",
};
auto wrappable_tool_call = builder.add_rule("wrappable_tool_call", "( " + string_join(alt_tags, " | ") + " ) space");
tool_call_alts.push_back(wrappable_tool_call);
tool_call_alts.push_back(
"( \"```\\n\" | \"```json\\n\" | \"```xml\\n\" ) space " + wrappable_tool_call + " space \"```\" space ");
auto tool_call = builder.add_rule("tool_call", string_join(tool_call_alts, " | "));
builder.add_rule("root", inputs.parallel_tool_calls ? "(" + tool_call + ")+" : tool_call);
data.grammar_triggers.push_back({COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, "<tool_call>"});
data.grammar_triggers.push_back({COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, "<function"});
// Trigger on some common known "good bad" outputs (only from the start and with a json that's about a specific argument name to avoid false positives)
data.grammar_triggers.push_back({
COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN_START,
"(?:```(?:json|xml)?\n\\s*)?(?:<function_call>|<tools>|<xml><json>|<response>)?\\s*\\{\\s*\"", //name\"\\s*:\\s*\"" + escaped_name + "\"",
});
data.preserved_tokens = {
"<think>",
"</think>",
"<tool_call>",
"</tool_call>",
"<function",
"<tools>",
"</tools>",
"<response>",
"</response>",
"<function_call>",
"</function_call>",
"<json>",
"</json>",
"<JSON>",
"</JSON>",
"```",
"```json",
"```xml",
};
});
data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs.messages, inputs.tools.empty() ? json() : inputs.tools, inputs.add_generation_prompt);
data.format = inputs.extract_reasoning ? COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_HERMES_2_PRO_EXTRACT_REASONING : COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_HERMES_2_PRO;
return data;
}
static common_chat_msg common_chat_parse_hermes_2_pro(const std::string& input, bool extract_reasoning) {
return handle_think_tag_prelude(input, extract_reasoning, [](const std::string & input) {
static const std::regex open_regex(
"(?:"
"(```(?:xml|json)?\\n\\s*)?" // match 1 (block_start)
"(<tool_call>" // match 2 (open_tag)
"|<function_call>"
"|<tool>"
"|<tools>"
"|<response>"
"|<json>"
"|<xml>"
"|<JSON>"
")?"
"(\\s*\\{\\s*\"name\"\\s*:[\\s\\S]*)" // match 3 (named tool call + rest)
")"
"|"
"(?:<function=([^>]+)>" // match 4 (function name)
"|<function name=\"([^\"]+)\">)" // match 5 (function name again)
"([\\s\\S]*)" // match 6 (function arguments + rest)})"
);
try {
common_chat_msg msg;
msg.role = "assistant";
std::string::const_iterator it = input.begin();
const std::string::const_iterator end = input.end();
std::smatch match;
while (it != end) {
if (std::regex_search(it, end, match, open_regex)) {
// Add content before the match
msg.content += std::string(it, match[0].first);
auto block_start = match[1].str();
std::string block_end = block_start.empty() ? "" : "```";
auto open_tag = match[2].str();
std::string close_tag;
if (match[3].matched) {
close_tag = open_tag.empty() ? "" : "</" + open_tag.substr(1);
auto json_it = match[3].first;
json tool_call;
if (parse_json(json_it, end, tool_call) && tool_call.contains("name") && tool_call.contains("arguments")) {
msg.tool_calls.emplace_back(process_tool_call(tool_call));
it = json_it; // Move iterator past parsed JSON
// Handle close tags
consume_spaces(it, end);
if (!close_tag.empty() && !parse_literal(it, end, close_tag)) {
throw std::runtime_error("Failed to parse closing tag");
}
consume_spaces(it, end);
if (!block_end.empty() && !parse_literal(it, end, block_end)) {
throw std::runtime_error("Failed to parse block end");
}
consume_spaces(it, end);
} else {
// Not a valid tool call, treat as content
msg.content += std::string(match[0].first, match[0].second);
it = match[0].second;
}
} else {
auto function_name = match[4].str();
if (function_name.empty()) {
function_name = match[5].str();
}
GGML_ASSERT(!function_name.empty());
close_tag = "</function>";
// Start parsing from after the opening tags
auto json_it = match[6].first;
json arguments;
if (parse_json(json_it, end, arguments)) {
msg.tool_calls.emplace_back(process_tool_call({
{"name", function_name},
{"arguments", arguments},
}));
it = json_it; // Move iterator past parsed JSON
// Handle close tags
consume_spaces(it, end);
if (!close_tag.empty() && !parse_literal(it, end, close_tag)) {
throw std::runtime_error("Failed to parse closing tag");
}
consume_spaces(it, end);
if (!block_end.empty() && !parse_literal(it, end, block_end)) {
throw std::runtime_error("Failed to parse block end");
}
consume_spaces(it, end);
} else {
// Not a valid tool call, treat as content
msg.content += std::string(match[0].first, match[0].second);
it = match[0].second;
}
}
} else {
// Add remaining content
msg.content += std::string(it, end);
break;
}
}
return msg;
} catch (const std::exception & e) {
LOG_ERR("Failed to parse hermes 2 pro input: %s\n", e.what());
common_chat_msg msg;
msg.role = "assistant";
msg.content = input;
return msg;
}
});
}
static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_without_tools(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
common_chat_params data;
data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs.messages, inputs.tools.empty() ? json() : inputs.tools, inputs.add_generation_prompt);
data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_CONTENT_ONLY;
data.grammar_lazy = false;
if (!inputs.json_schema.is_null()) {
if (!inputs.grammar.empty()) {
throw std::runtime_error("Either \"json_schema\" or \"grammar\" can be specified, but not both");
}
data.grammar = json_schema_to_grammar(inputs.json_schema);
} else {
data.grammar = inputs.grammar;
}
return data;
}
static common_chat_params common_chat_templates_apply_jinja(
const struct common_chat_templates * tmpls,
const struct common_chat_templates_inputs & inputs)
{
templates_params params;
params.tools = common_chat_tools_to_json_oaicompat<json>(inputs.tools);
const auto & tmpl = params.tools.is_array() && tmpls->template_tool_use
? *tmpls->template_tool_use
: *tmpls->template_default;
const auto & src = tmpl.source();
const auto & caps = tmpl.original_caps();
params.messages = common_chat_msgs_to_json_oaicompat<json>(inputs.messages, /* concat_text= */ !tmpl.original_caps().requires_typed_content);
params.add_generation_prompt = inputs.add_generation_prompt;
params.extract_reasoning = inputs.extract_reasoning;
params.tool_choice = inputs.tool_choice;
params.grammar = inputs.grammar;
if (!inputs.json_schema.empty()) {
params.json_schema = json::parse(inputs.json_schema);
}
if (inputs.parallel_tool_calls && !tmpl.original_caps().supports_parallel_tool_calls) {
LOG_DBG("Disabling parallel_tool_calls because the template does not support it\n");
params.parallel_tool_calls = false;
} else {
params.parallel_tool_calls = inputs.parallel_tool_calls;
}
if (params.tools.is_array()) {
if (params.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_NONE && !params.grammar.empty()) {
throw std::runtime_error("Cannot specify grammar with tools");
}
if (caps.supports_tool_calls && !caps.supports_tools) {
LOG_WRN("Template supports tool calls but does not natively describe tools. The fallback behaviour used may produce bad results, inspect prompt w/ --verbose & consider overriding the template.\n");
}
}
// DeepSeek R1: use handler in all cases except json schema (thinking / tools).
if (src.find("<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜>") != std::string::npos && params.json_schema.is_null()) {
return common_chat_params_init_deepseek_r1(tmpl, params);
}
// Command R7B: : use handler in all cases except json schema (thinking / tools).
if (src.find("<|END_THINKING|><|START_ACTION|>") != std::string::npos && params.json_schema.is_null()) {
return common_chat_params_init_command_r7b(tmpl, params);
}
// Hermes 2/3 Pro, Qwen 2.5 Instruct (w/ tools)
if (src.find("<tool_call>") != std::string::npos && params.json_schema.is_null()) {
return common_chat_params_init_hermes_2_pro(tmpl, params);
}
// Use generic handler when mixing tools + JSON schema.
// TODO: support that mix in handlers below.
if ((params.tools.is_array() && params.json_schema.is_object())) {
return common_chat_params_init_generic(tmpl, params);
}
// Functionary prepends "all\n" to plain content outputs, so we use its handler in all cases.
if (src.find(">>>all") != std::string::npos) {
return common_chat_params_init_functionary_v3_2(tmpl, params);
}
// Firefunction v2 requires datetime and functions in the context even w/o tools, so we also use its handler in all cases.
if (src.find(" functools[") != std::string::npos) {
return common_chat_params_init_firefunction_v2(tmpl, params);
}
// Plain handler (no tools)
if (params.tools.is_null() || inputs.tool_choice == COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_NONE) {
return common_chat_params_init_without_tools(tmpl, params);
}
// Functionary v3.1 (w/ tools)
if (src.find("<|start_header_id|>") != std::string::npos
&& src.find("<function=") != std::string::npos) {
return common_chat_params_init_functionary_v3_1_llama_3_1(tmpl, params);
}
// Llama 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 (w/ tools)
if (src.find("<|start_header_id|>ipython<|end_header_id|>") != std::string::npos) {
auto allow_python_tag_builtin_tools = src.find("<|python_tag|>") != std::string::npos;
return common_chat_params_init_llama_3_1_tool_calls(tmpl, params, allow_python_tag_builtin_tools);
}
// Mistral Nemo (w/ tools)
if (src.find("[TOOL_CALLS]") != std::string::npos) {
return common_chat_params_init_mistral_nemo(tmpl, params);
}
// Generic fallback
return common_chat_params_init_generic(tmpl, params);
}
// Legacy template route (adhoc C++ implementation of known templates), forward to llama_chat_apply_template.
static common_chat_params common_chat_templates_apply_legacy(
const struct common_chat_templates * tmpls,
const struct common_chat_templates_inputs & inputs)
{
int alloc_size = 0;
std::vector<llama_chat_message> chat;
std::vector<std::string> contents;
for (const auto & msg : inputs.messages) {
auto content = msg.content;
for (const auto & part : msg.content_parts) {
if (part.type != "text") {
LOG_WRN("Ignoring non-text content part: %s\n", part.type.c_str());
continue;
}
if (!content.empty()) {
content += "\n";;
}
content += part.text;
}
contents.emplace_back(std::move(content));
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < contents.size(); ++i) {
const auto & msg = inputs.messages[i];
const auto & content = contents[i];
chat.push_back({msg.role.c_str(), content.c_str()});
alloc_size += (msg.role.size() + content.size()) * 1.25;
}
std::vector<char> buf(alloc_size);
// run the first time to get the total output length
const auto & src = tmpls->template_default->source();
int32_t res = llama_chat_apply_template(src.c_str(), chat.data(), chat.size(), inputs.add_generation_prompt, buf.data(), buf.size());
// error: chat template is not supported
if (res < 0) {
// if the custom "tmpl" is not supported, we throw an error
// this is a bit redundant (for good), since we're not sure if user validated the custom template with llama_chat_verify_template()
throw std::runtime_error("this custom template is not supported");
}
// if it turns out that our buffer is too small, we resize it
if ((size_t) res > buf.size()) {
buf.resize(res);
res = llama_chat_apply_template(src.c_str(), chat.data(), chat.size(), inputs.add_generation_prompt, buf.data(), buf.size());
}
common_chat_params params;
params.prompt = std::string(buf.data(), res);
if (!inputs.json_schema.empty()) {
params.grammar = json_schema_to_grammar(json::parse(inputs.json_schema));
} else {
params.grammar = inputs.grammar;
}
return params;
}
common_chat_params common_chat_templates_apply(
const struct common_chat_templates * tmpls,
const struct common_chat_templates_inputs & inputs)
{
GGML_ASSERT(tmpls != nullptr);
return inputs.use_jinja
? common_chat_templates_apply_jinja(tmpls, inputs)
: common_chat_templates_apply_legacy(tmpls, inputs);
}
static common_chat_msg common_chat_parse_content_only(const std::string & input) {
common_chat_msg msg;
msg.role = "assistant";
msg.content = input;
return msg;
}
common_chat_msg common_chat_parse(const std::string & input, common_chat_format format) {
switch (format) {
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_CONTENT_ONLY:
return common_chat_parse_content_only(input);
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GENERIC:
return common_chat_parse_generic(input);
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_MISTRAL_NEMO:
return common_chat_parse_mistral_nemo(input);
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LLAMA_3_X:
return common_chat_parse_llama_3_1(input);
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LLAMA_3_X_WITH_BUILTIN_TOOLS:
return common_chat_parse_llama_3_1(input, /* with_builtin_tools= */ true);
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK_R1:
return common_chat_parse_deepseek_r1(input, /* extract_reasoning= */ false);
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK_R1_EXTRACT_REASONING:
return common_chat_parse_deepseek_r1(input, /* extract_reasoning= */ true);
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_2:
return common_chat_parse_functionary_v3_2(input);
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_1_LLAMA_3_1:
return common_chat_parse_functionary_v3_1_llama_3_1(input);
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_HERMES_2_PRO:
return common_chat_parse_hermes_2_pro(input, /* extract_reasoning= */ false);
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_HERMES_2_PRO_EXTRACT_REASONING:
return common_chat_parse_hermes_2_pro(input, /* extract_reasoning= */ true);
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FIREFUNCTION_V2:
return common_chat_parse_firefunction_v2(input);
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_COMMAND_R7B:
return common_chat_parse_command_r7b(input, /* extract_reasoning= */ false);
case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_COMMAND_R7B_EXTRACT_REASONING:
return common_chat_parse_command_r7b(input, /* extract_reasoning= */ true);
default:
throw std::runtime_error("Unsupported format: " + common_chat_format_name(format));
}
}
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