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library_name: transformers
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#
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<!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->
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## Model Details
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### Model Description
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- **Developed by:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Model type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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###
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## Uses
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<!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. -->
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### Direct Use
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<!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
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### Downstream Use
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<!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
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### Out-of-Scope Use
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<!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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<!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Recommendations
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<!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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## How to Get Started with the Model
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[More Information Needed]
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## Training Details
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### Training Data
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Training Procedure
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<!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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#### Preprocessing [optional]
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Training Hyperparameters
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- **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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#### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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<!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Evaluation
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<!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
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#### Testing Data
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. -->
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<!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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<!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
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### Results
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Summary
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## Model Examination [optional]
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<!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Environmental Impact
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<!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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- **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
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## Technical Specifications [optional]
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### Model Architecture and Objective
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[More Information Needed]
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### Compute Infrastructure
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#### Hardware
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#### Software
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## Citation [optional]
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<!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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**BibTeX:**
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<!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the model or model card. -->
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## More Information [optional]
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## Model Card Authors [optional]
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## Model Card Contact
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---
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library_name: transformers
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license: mit
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language:
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- en
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# PreFLMR model card
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### Model Description
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- **Model type:** PreFLMR is an open-source model for multimodal knowledge retrieval. It is a transformer-based model that uses a combination of text and image inputs to retrieve relevant documents from a large corpus.
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- **Language(s) (NLP):** English
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- **License:** MIT License
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### Paper and resources for more detail
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- **Blog Post for quick overview:** https://www.jinghong-chen.net/preflmr-sota-open-sourced-multi/
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- **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.08327
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- **Gradio Demo:** https://u60544-b8d4-53eaa55d.westx.seetacloud.com:8443/
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- **Repository:** https://github.com/LinWeizheDragon/FLMR
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- **Project Page:** https://preflmr.github.io/
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## Uses
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### Direct Use
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This model can be used directly to retrieve documents from a large corpus using a combination of text and image input queries. The retrieval useage can be found in the [official implementation](https://github.com/LinWeizheDragon/FLMR).
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### Downstream Use
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<!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
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This model can be used combined with language models to create a retrieval-augmented language model. The useage for Knowledge-based VQA can be found in [RAVQA](https://github.com/linweizhedragon/retrieval-augmented-visual-question-answering)
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## How to Get Started with the Model
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For details of training, indexing and performing retrieval, please refer to [here](https://github.com/LinWeizheDragon/FLMR).
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## Training datasets
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The model is pretrained on three types of tasks with a total of nine datasets:
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1. Image to Text retrieval: WIT, KVQA and CC3M
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2. Question to Text retrieval: MSMARCO
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3. Image & Question to Text retrieval: LLaVA, OVEN, OKVQA, Infoseek and E-VQA
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These datasets were converted to retrieval format. For details on the dataset split and conversion process, please refer to the paper [PreFLMR: Scaling Up Fine-Grained Late-Interaction Multi-modal Retrievers](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.08327). We will release the proprocessed datasets soon.
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## Evaluation datasets
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We evaluate our models on WIT, LLaVA, OVEN, KVQA, IGLUE (subset of WIT), Infoseek, E-VQA, OKVQA and MSMARCO.
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| Model | Vision Encoder | Text Encoder | Checkpoint Name | No. Param. | WIT | LLaVA | OVEN | KVQA | IGLUE | Infoseek | E-VQA | OKVQA | MSMARCO |
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|---------|----------------|--------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|-------|-------|--------|-------|-------|-------|----------|-------|--------|-------|
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| PreFLMR | ViT-B | Base-v2 | [LinWeizheDragon/PreFLMR_ViT-B](https://huggingface.co/LinWeizheDragon/PreFLMR_ViT-B) | 327M | 41.7 | 67.2 | 46.3 | 28.6 | 57.3 | 48.8 | 67.9 | 66.1 | 79.5 |
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| PreFLMR | ViT-L | Base-v2 | [LinWeizheDragon/PreFLMR_ViT-L](https://huggingface.co/LinWeizheDragon/PreFLMR_ViT-L) | 543M | 60.5 | 71.8 | 59.8 | 43.6 | 69.2 | 57.9 | 70.8 | 68.5 | 78.7 |
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| PreFLMR | ViT-G | Base-v2 | [LinWeizheDragon/PreFLMR_ViT-G](https://huggingface.co/LinWeizheDragon/PreFLMR_ViT-G) | 2.1B | 61.5 | 72.4 | 63.4 | 42.1 |71.5 | 59.6 | 73.1 | 68.6 | 78.6 |
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For the evaluation metrics, WIT uses Recall@10, IGLUE uses Recall@1, and all the rest datasets use Recall@5.
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## Citation
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**BibTeX:**
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```
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@article{Lin_Mei_Chen_Byrne_2024,
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title={PreFLMR: Scaling Up Fine-Grained Late-Interaction Multi-modal Retrievers},
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url={http://arxiv.org/abs/2402.08327},
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number={arXiv:2402.08327},
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publisher={arXiv},
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author={Lin, Weizhe and Mei, Jingbiao and Chen, Jinghong and Byrne, Bill},
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year={2024}}
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```
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