README.md

---
base_model: microsoft/Orca-2-7b
inference: false
license: other
model_creator: Microsoft
model_name: Orca 2 7B
model_type: llama
pipeline_tag: text-generation
prompt_template: '<|im_start|>system

  {system_message}<|im_end|>

  <|im_start|>user

  {prompt}<|im_end|>

  <|im_start|>assistant

  '
quantized_by: TheBloke
tags:
- orca
- orca2
- microsoft
---
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD041 -->

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# Orca 2 7B - GGUF
- Model creator: [Microsoft](https://huggingface.co/microsoft)
- Original model: [Orca 2 7B](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Orca-2-7b)

<!-- description start -->
## Description

This repo contains GGUF format model files for [Microsoft's Orca 2 7B](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Orca-2-7b).

These files were quantised using hardware kindly provided by [Massed Compute](https://massedcompute.com/).

<!-- description end -->
<!-- README_GGUF.md-about-gguf start -->
### About GGUF

GGUF is a new format introduced by the llama.cpp team on August 21st 2023. It is a replacement for GGML, which is no longer supported by llama.cpp.

Here is an incomplete list of clients and libraries that are known to support GGUF:

* [llama.cpp](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp). The source project for GGUF. Offers a CLI and a server option.
* [text-generation-webui](https://github.com/oobabooga/text-generation-webui), the most widely used web UI, with many features and powerful extensions. Supports GPU acceleration.
* [KoboldCpp](https://github.com/LostRuins/koboldcpp), a fully featured web UI, with GPU accel across all platforms and GPU architectures. Especially good for story telling.
* [LM Studio](https://lmstudio.ai/), an easy-to-use and powerful local GUI for Windows and macOS (Silicon), with GPU acceleration.
* [LoLLMS Web UI](https://github.com/ParisNeo/lollms-webui), a great web UI with many interesting and unique features, including a full model library for easy model selection.
* [Faraday.dev](https://faraday.dev/), an attractive and easy to use character-based chat GUI for Windows and macOS (both Silicon and Intel), with GPU acceleration.
* [ctransformers](https://github.com/marella/ctransformers), a Python library with GPU accel, LangChain support, and OpenAI-compatible AI server.
* [llama-cpp-python](https://github.com/abetlen/llama-cpp-python), a Python library with GPU accel, LangChain support, and OpenAI-compatible API server.
* [candle](https://github.com/huggingface/candle), a Rust ML framework with a focus on performance, including GPU support, and ease of use.

<!-- README_GGUF.md-about-gguf end -->
<!-- repositories-available start -->
## Repositories available

* [AWQ model(s) for GPU inference.](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Orca-2-7B-AWQ)
* [GPTQ models for GPU inference, with multiple quantisation parameter options.](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Orca-2-7B-GPTQ)
* [2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8-bit GGUF models for CPU+GPU inference](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Orca-2-7B-GGUF)
* [Microsoft's original unquantised fp16 model in pytorch format, for GPU inference and for further conversions](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Orca-2-7b)
<!-- repositories-available end -->

<!-- prompt-template start -->
## Prompt template: ChatML

```
<|im_start|>system
{system_message}<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
{prompt}<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant

```

<!-- prompt-template end -->


<!-- compatibility_gguf start -->
## Compatibility

These quantised GGUFv2 files are compatible with llama.cpp from August 27th onwards, as of commit [d0cee0d](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/commit/d0cee0d36d5be95a0d9088b674dbb27354107221)

They are also compatible with many third party UIs and libraries - please see the list at the top of this README.

## Explanation of quantisation methods

<details>
  <summary>Click to see details</summary>

The new methods available are:

* GGML_TYPE_Q2_K - "type-1" 2-bit quantization in super-blocks containing 16 blocks, each block having 16 weight. Block scales and mins are quantized with 4 bits. This ends up effectively using 2.5625 bits per weight (bpw)
* GGML_TYPE_Q3_K - "type-0" 3-bit quantization in super-blocks containing 16 blocks, each block having 16 weights. Scales are quantized with 6 bits. This end up using 3.4375 bpw.
* GGML_TYPE_Q4_K - "type-1" 4-bit quantization in super-blocks containing 8 blocks, each block having 32 weights. Scales and mins are quantized with 6 bits. This ends up using 4.5 bpw.
* GGML_TYPE_Q5_K - "type-1" 5-bit quantization. Same super-block structure as GGML_TYPE_Q4_K resulting in 5.5 bpw
* GGML_TYPE_Q6_K - "type-0" 6-bit quantization. Super-blocks with 16 blocks, each block having 16 weights. Scales are quantized with 8 bits. This ends up using 6.5625 bpw

Refer to the Provided Files table below to see what files use which methods, and how.
</details>
<!-- compatibility_gguf end -->

<!-- README_GGUF.md-provided-files start -->
## Provided files

| Name | Quant method | Bits | Size | Max RAM required | Use case |
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ----- |
| [orca-2-7b.Q2_K.gguf](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Orca-2-7B-GGUF/blob/main/orca-2-7b.Q2_K.gguf) | Q2_K | 2 | 2.83 GB| 5.33 GB | smallest, significant quality loss - not recommended for most purposes |
| [orca-2-7b.Q3_K_S.gguf](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Orca-2-7B-GGUF/blob/main/orca-2-7b.Q3_K_S.gguf) | Q3_K_S | 3 | 2.95 GB| 5.45 GB | very small, high quality loss |
| [orca-2-7b.Q3_K_M.gguf](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Orca-2-7B-GGUF/blob/main/orca-2-7b.Q3_K_M.gguf) | Q3_K_M | 3 | 3.30 GB| 5.80 GB | very small, high quality loss |
| [orca-2-7b.Q3_K_L.gguf](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Orca-2-7B-GGUF/blob/main/orca-2-7b.Q3_K_L.gguf) | Q3_K_L | 3 | 3.60 GB| 6.10 GB | small, substantial quality loss |
| [orca-2-7b.Q4_0.gguf](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Orca-2-7B-GGUF/blob/main/orca-2-7b.Q4_0.gguf) | Q4_0 | 4 | 3.83 GB| 6.33 GB | legacy; small, very high quality loss - prefer using Q3_K_M |
| [orca-2-7b.Q4_K_S.gguf](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Orca-2-7B-GGUF/blob/main/orca-2-7b.Q4_K_S.gguf) | Q4_K_S | 4 | 3.86 GB| 6.36 GB | small, greater quality loss |
| [orca-2-7b.Q4_K_M.gguf](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Orca-2-7B-GGUF/blob/main/orca-2-7b.Q4_K_M.gguf) | Q4_K_M | 4 | 4.08 GB| 6.58 GB | medium, balanced quality - recommended |
| [orca-2-7b.Q5_0.gguf](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Orca-2-7B-GGUF/blob/main/orca-2-7b.Q5_0.gguf) | Q5_0 | 5 | 4.65 GB| 7.15 GB | legacy; medium, balanced quality - prefer using Q4_K_M |
| [orca-2-7b.Q5_K_S.gguf](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Orca-2-7B-GGUF/blob/main/orca-2-7b.Q5_K_S.gguf) | Q5_K_S | 5 | 4.65 GB| 7.15 GB | large, low quality loss - recommended |
| [orca-2-7b.Q5_K_M.gguf](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Orca-2-7B-GGUF/blob/main/orca-2-7b.Q5_K_M.gguf) | Q5_K_M | 5 | 4.78 GB| 7.28 GB | large, very low quality loss - recommended |
| [orca-2-7b.Q6_K.gguf](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Orca-2-7B-GGUF/blob/main/orca-2-7b.Q6_K.gguf) | Q6_K | 6 | 5.53 GB| 8.03 GB | very large, extremely low quality loss |
| [orca-2-7b.Q8_0.gguf](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Orca-2-7B-GGUF/blob/main/orca-2-7b.Q8_0.gguf) | Q8_0 | 8 | 7.16 GB| 9.66 GB | very large, extremely low quality loss - not recommended |

**Note**: the above RAM figures assume no GPU offloading. If layers are offloaded to the GPU, this will reduce RAM usage and use VRAM instead.



<!-- README_GGUF.md-provided-files end -->

<!-- README_GGUF.md-how-to-download start -->
## How to download GGUF files

**Note for manual downloaders:** You almost never want to clone the entire repo! Multiple different quantisation formats are provided, and most users only want to pick and download a single file.

The following clients/libraries will automatically download models for you, providing a list of available models to choose from:

* LM Studio
* LoLLMS Web UI
* Faraday.dev

### In `text-generation-webui`

Under Download Model, you can enter the model repo: TheBloke/Orca-2-7B-GGUF and below it, a specific filename to download, such as: orca-2-7b.Q4_K_M.gguf.

Then click Download.

### On the command line, including multiple files at once

I recommend using the `huggingface-hub` Python library:

```shell
pip3 install huggingface-hub
```

Then you can download any individual model file to the current directory, at high speed, with a command like this:

```shell
huggingface-cli download TheBloke/Orca-2-7B-GGUF orca-2-7b.Q4_K_M.gguf --local-dir . --local-dir-use-symlinks False
```

<details>
  <summary>More advanced huggingface-cli download usage</summary>

You can also download multiple files at once with a pattern:

```shell
huggingface-cli download TheBloke/Orca-2-7B-GGUF --local-dir . --local-dir-use-symlinks False --include='*Q4_K*gguf'
```

For more documentation on downloading with `huggingface-cli`, please see: [HF -> Hub Python Library -> Download files -> Download from the CLI](https://huggingface.co/docs/huggingface_hub/guides/download#download-from-the-cli).

To accelerate downloads on fast connections (1Gbit/s or higher), install `hf_transfer`:

```shell
pip3 install hf_transfer
```

And set environment variable `HF_HUB_ENABLE_HF_TRANSFER` to `1`:

```shell
HF_HUB_ENABLE_HF_TRANSFER=1 huggingface-cli download TheBloke/Orca-2-7B-GGUF orca-2-7b.Q4_K_M.gguf --local-dir . --local-dir-use-symlinks False
```

Windows Command Line users: You can set the environment variable by running `set HF_HUB_ENABLE_HF_TRANSFER=1` before the download command.
</details>
<!-- README_GGUF.md-how-to-download end -->

<!-- README_GGUF.md-how-to-run start -->
## Example `llama.cpp` command

Make sure you are using `llama.cpp` from commit [d0cee0d](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/commit/d0cee0d36d5be95a0d9088b674dbb27354107221) or later.

```shell
./main -ngl 32 -m orca-2-7b.Q4_K_M.gguf --color -c 4096 --temp 0.7 --repeat_penalty 1.1 -n -1 -p "<|im_start|>system\n{system_message}<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>user\n{prompt}<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant"
```

Change `-ngl 32` to the number of layers to offload to GPU. Remove it if you don't have GPU acceleration.

Change `-c 4096` to the desired sequence length. For extended sequence models - eg 8K, 16K, 32K - the necessary RoPE scaling parameters are read from the GGUF file and set by llama.cpp automatically.

If you want to have a chat-style conversation, replace the `-p <PROMPT>` argument with `-i -ins`

For other parameters and how to use them, please refer to [the llama.cpp documentation](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/blob/master/examples/main/README.md)

## How to run in `text-generation-webui`

Further instructions can be found in the text-generation-webui documentation, here: [text-generation-webui/docs/04 ‐ Model Tab.md](https://github.com/oobabooga/text-generation-webui/blob/main/docs/04%20%E2%80%90%20Model%20Tab.md#llamacpp).

## How to run from Python code

You can use GGUF models from Python using the [llama-cpp-python](https://github.com/abetlen/llama-cpp-python) or [ctransformers](https://github.com/marella/ctransformers) libraries.

### How to load this model in Python code, using ctransformers

#### First install the package

Run one of the following commands, according to your system:

```shell
# Base ctransformers with no GPU acceleration
pip install ctransformers
# Or with CUDA GPU acceleration
pip install ctransformers[cuda]
# Or with AMD ROCm GPU acceleration (Linux only)
CT_HIPBLAS=1 pip install ctransformers --no-binary ctransformers
# Or with Metal GPU acceleration for macOS systems only
CT_METAL=1 pip install ctransformers --no-binary ctransformers
```

#### Simple ctransformers example code

```python
from ctransformers import AutoModelForCausalLM

# Set gpu_layers to the number of layers to offload to GPU. Set to 0 if no GPU acceleration is available on your system.
llm = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("TheBloke/Orca-2-7B-GGUF", model_file="orca-2-7b.Q4_K_M.gguf", model_type="llama", gpu_layers=50)

print(llm("AI is going to"))
```

## How to use with LangChain

Here are guides on using llama-cpp-python and ctransformers with LangChain:

* [LangChain + llama-cpp-python](https://python.langchain.com/docs/integrations/llms/llamacpp)
* [LangChain + ctransformers](https://python.langchain.com/docs/integrations/providers/ctransformers)

<!-- README_GGUF.md-how-to-run end -->

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## Thanks, and how to contribute

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Thanks to Clay from [gpus.llm-utils.org](llm-utils)!

I've had a lot of people ask if they can contribute. I enjoy providing models and helping people, and would love to be able to spend even more time doing it, as well as expanding into new projects like fine tuning/training.

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Thank you to all my generous patrons and donaters!

And thank you again to a16z for their generous grant.

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<!-- original-model-card start -->
# Original model card: Microsoft's Orca 2 7B


# Orca 2

<!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->

Orca 2 is a helpful assistant that is built for research purposes only and provides a single turn response
in tasks such as reasoning over user given data, reading comprehension, math problem solving and text summarization.
The model is designed to excel particularly in reasoning.

We open-source Orca 2 to encourage further research on the development, evaluation, and alignment of smaller LMs.

## What is Orca 2’s intended use(s)?

+ Orca 2 is built for research purposes only.
+ The main purpose is to allow the research community to assess its abilities and to provide a foundation for building better frontier models.

## How was Orca 2 evaluated?

+ Orca 2 has been evaluated on a large number of tasks ranging from reasoning to grounding and safety. Please refer
to Section 6 and Appendix in the [Orca 2 paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.11045.pdf) for details on evaluations.

## Model Details

Orca 2 is a finetuned version of LLAMA-2. Orca 2’s training data is a synthetic dataset that was created to enhance the small model’s reasoning abilities.
All synthetic training data was moderated using the Microsoft Azure content filters. More details about the model can be found in the [Orca 2 paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.11045.pdf).

Please refer to LLaMA-2 technical report for details on the model architecture.

## License

Orca 2 is licensed under the [Microsoft Research License](LICENSE).

Llama 2 is licensed under the [LLAMA 2 Community License](https://ai.meta.com/llama/license/), Copyright © Meta Platforms, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

## Bias, Risks, and Limitations

Orca 2, built upon the LLaMA 2 model family, retains many of its limitations, as well as the
common limitations of other large language models or limitation caused by its training
process, including:

**Data Biases**: Large language models, trained on extensive data, can inadvertently carry
biases present in the source data. Consequently, the models may generate outputs that could
be potentially biased or unfair.

**Lack of Contextual Understanding**: Despite their impressive capabilities in language understanding and generation, these models exhibit limited real-world understanding, resulting
in potential inaccuracies or nonsensical responses.

**Lack of Transparency**: Due to the complexity and size, large language models can act
as “black boxes”, making it difficult to comprehend the rationale behind specific outputs or
decisions. We recommend reviewing transparency notes from Azure for more information.

**Content Harms**: There are various types of content harms that large language models
can cause. It is important to be aware of them when using these models, and to take
actions to prevent them. It is recommended to leverage various content moderation services
provided by different companies and institutions. On an important note, we hope for better
regulations and standards from government and technology leaders around content harms
for AI technologies in future. We value and acknowledge the important role that research
and open source community can play in this direction.

**Hallucination**: It is important to be aware and cautious not to entirely rely on a given
language model for critical decisions or information that might have deep impact as it is
not obvious how to prevent these models from fabricating content. Moreover, it is not clear
whether small models may be more susceptible to hallucination in ungrounded generation
use cases due to their smaller sizes and hence reduced memorization capacities. This is an
active research topic and we hope there will be more rigorous measurement, understanding
and mitigations around this topic.

**Potential for Misuse**: Without suitable safeguards, there is a risk that these models could
be maliciously used for generating disinformation or harmful content.

**Data Distribution**: Orca 2’s performance is likely to correlate strongly with the distribution
of the tuning data. This correlation might limit its accuracy in areas underrepresented in
the training dataset such as math, coding, and reasoning.

**System messages**: Orca 2 demonstrates variance in performance depending on the system
instructions. Additionally, the stochasticity introduced by the model size may lead to
generation of non-deterministic responses to different system instructions.

**Zero-Shot Settings**: Orca 2 was trained on data that mostly simulate zero-shot settings.
While the model demonstrate very strong performance in zero-shot settings, it does not show
the same gains of using few-shot learning compared to other, specially larger, models.

**Synthetic data**: As Orca 2 is trained on synthetic data, it could inherit both the advantages
and shortcomings of the models and methods used for data generation. We posit that Orca
2 benefits from the safety measures incorporated during training and safety guardrails (e.g.,
content filter) within the Azure OpenAI API. However, detailed studies are required for
better quantification of such risks.

This model is solely designed for research settings, and its testing has only been carried
out in such environments. It should not be used in downstream applications, as additional
analysis is needed to assess potential harm or bias in the proposed application.

## Getting started with Orca 2

**Inference with Hugging Face library**

```python
import torch
import transformers

if torch.cuda.is_available():
    torch.set_default_device("cuda")
else:
    torch.set_default_device("cpu")

model = transformers.AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("microsoft/Orca-2-7b", device_map='auto')

# https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/issues/27132
# please use the slow tokenizer since fast and slow tokenizer produces different tokens
tokenizer = transformers.AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(
        "microsoft/Orca-2-7b",
        use_fast=False,
    )

system_message = "You are Orca, an AI language model created by Microsoft. You are a cautious assistant. You carefully follow instructions. You are helpful and harmless and you follow ethical guidelines and promote positive behavior."
user_message = "How can you determine if a restaurant is popular among locals or mainly attracts tourists, and why might this information be useful?"

prompt = f"<|im_start|>system\n{system_message}<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>user\n{user_message}<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant"

inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors='pt')
output_ids = model.generate(inputs["input_ids"],)
answer = tokenizer.batch_decode(output_ids)[0]

print(answer)

# This example continues showing how to add a second turn message by the user to the conversation
second_turn_user_message = "Give me a list of the key points of your first answer."

# we set add_special_tokens=False because we dont want to automatically add a bos_token between messages
second_turn_message_in_markup = f"\n<|im_start|>user\n{second_turn_user_message}<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant"
second_turn_tokens = tokenizer(second_turn_message_in_markup, return_tensors='pt', add_special_tokens=False)
second_turn_input = torch.cat([output_ids, second_turn_tokens['input_ids']], dim=1)

output_ids_2 = model.generate(second_turn_input,)
second_turn_answer = tokenizer.batch_decode(output_ids_2)[0]

print(second_turn_answer)
```


**Safe inference with Azure AI Content Safety**

The usage of [Azure AI Content Safety](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/ai-services/ai-content-safety/) on top of model prediction is strongly encouraged
and can help preventing some of content harms. Azure AI Content Safety is a content moderation platform
that uses AI to moderate content. By having Azure AI Content Safety on the output of Orca 2,
the model output can be moderated by scanning it for different harm categories including sexual content, violence, hate, and
self-harm with multiple severity levels and multi-lingual detection.

```python
import os
import math
import transformers
import torch

from azure.ai.contentsafety import ContentSafetyClient
from azure.core.credentials import AzureKeyCredential
from azure.core.exceptions import HttpResponseError
from azure.ai.contentsafety.models import AnalyzeTextOptions

CONTENT_SAFETY_KEY = os.environ["CONTENT_SAFETY_KEY"]
CONTENT_SAFETY_ENDPOINT = os.environ["CONTENT_SAFETY_ENDPOINT"]

# We use Azure AI Content Safety to filter out any content that reaches "Medium" threshold
# For more information: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/ai-services/content-safety/
def should_filter_out(input_text, threshold=4):
    # Create an Content Safety client
    client = ContentSafetyClient(CONTENT_SAFETY_ENDPOINT, AzureKeyCredential(CONTENT_SAFETY_KEY))

    # Construct a request
    request = AnalyzeTextOptions(text=input_text)

    # Analyze text
    try:
        response = client.analyze_text(request)
    except HttpResponseError as e:
        print("Analyze text failed.")
        if e.error:
            print(f"Error code: {e.error.code}")
            print(f"Error message: {e.error.message}")
            raise
        print(e)
        raise

    categories = ["hate_result", "self_harm_result", "sexual_result", "violence_result"]
    max_score = -math.inf
    for category in categories:
        max_score = max(max_score, getattr(response, category).severity)

    return max_score >= threshold

model_path = 'microsoft/Orca-2-7b'
device = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
model = transformers.AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_path)
model.to(device)

tokenizer = transformers.AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(
    model_path,
    model_max_length=4096,
    padding_side="right",
    use_fast=False,
    add_special_tokens=False,
)

system_message = "You are Orca, an AI language model created by Microsoft. You are a cautious assistant. You carefully follow instructions. You are helpful and harmless and you follow ethical guidelines and promote positive behavior."
user_message = "\" \n :You can't just say, \"\"that's crap\"\" and remove it without gaining a consensus. You already know this, based on your block history. —/ \" \nIs the comment obscene? \nOptions : Yes, No."

prompt =  f"<|im_start|>system\n{system_message}<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>user\n{user_message}<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant"

inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors='pt')
inputs = inputs.to(device)

output_ids = model.generate(inputs["input_ids"], max_length=4096, do_sample=False, temperature=0.0, use_cache=True)
sequence_length = inputs["input_ids"].shape[1]
new_output_ids = output_ids[:, sequence_length:]
answers = tokenizer.batch_decode(new_output_ids, skip_special_tokens=True)
final_output = answers[0] if not should_filter_out(answers[0]) else "[Content Filtered]"

print(final_output)
```

## Citation
```bibtex
@misc{mitra2023orca,
      title={Orca 2: Teaching Small Language Models How to Reason},
      author={Arindam Mitra and Luciano Del Corro and Shweti Mahajan and Andres Codas and Clarisse Simoes and Sahaj Agrawal and Xuxi Chen and Anastasia Razdaibiedina and Erik Jones and Kriti Aggarwal and Hamid Palangi and Guoqing Zheng and Corby Rosset and Hamed Khanpour and Ahmed Awadallah},
      year={2023},
      eprint={2311.11045},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.AI}
}
```

<!-- original-model-card end -->