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language:
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- en
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tags:
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- audio
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- automatic-speech-recognition
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- hf-asr-leaderboard
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widget:
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- example_title: Librispeech sample 1
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src: https://cdn-media.huggingface.co/speech_samples/sample1.flac
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- example_title: Librispeech sample 2
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src: https://cdn-media.huggingface.co/speech_samples/sample2.flac
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model-index:
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- name: whisper-tiny
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results:
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- task:
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name: Automatic Speech Recognition
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type: automatic-speech-recognition
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dataset:
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name: LibriSpeech (clean)
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type: librispeech_asr
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config: clean
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split: test
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args:
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language: en
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metrics:
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- name: Test WER
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type: wer
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value: 7.54
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- task:
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name: Automatic Speech Recognition
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type: automatic-speech-recognition
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dataset:
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name: LibriSpeech (other)
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type: librispeech_asr
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config: other
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split: test
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args:
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language: en
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metrics:
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- name: Test WER
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type: wer
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value: 17.15
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- task:
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name: Automatic Speech Recognition
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type: automatic-speech-recognition
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dataset:
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name: Common Voice 11.0
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type: mozilla-foundation/common_voice_11_0
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config: hi
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split: test
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args:
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language: hi
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metrics:
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- name: Test WER
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type: wer
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value: 141
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pipeline_tag: automatic-speech-recognition
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license: apache-2.0
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---
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of labelled data, Whisper models demonstrate a strong ability to generalise to many datasets and domains **without** the need
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for fine-tuning.
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by Alec Radford et al from OpenAI. The original code repository can be found [here](https://github.com/openai/whisper).
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**
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It was trained on 680k hours of labelled speech data annotated using large-scale weak supervision.
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on the task of speech recognition. The multilingual models were trained on both speech recognition and speech
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translation. For speech recognition, the model predicts transcriptions in the *same* language as the audio.
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For speech translation, the model predicts transcriptions to a *different* language to the audio.
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The smallest four are trained on either English-only or multilingual data.
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The largest checkpoints are multilingual only. All ten of the pre-trained checkpoints
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are available on the [Hugging Face Hub](https://huggingface.co/models?search=openai/whisper). The
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checkpoints are summarised in the following table with links to the models on the Hub:
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|----------|------------|------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
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| tiny | 39 M | [✓](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-tiny.en) | [✓](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-tiny) |
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| base | 74 M | [✓](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-base.en) | [✓](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-base) |
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| small | 244 M | [✓](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-small.en) | [✓](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-small) |
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| medium | 769 M | [✓](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-medium.en) | [✓](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-medium) |
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| large | 1550 M | x | [✓](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-large) |
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| large-v2 | 1550 M | x | [✓](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-large-v2) |
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2. Post-process the model outputs (converting them from tokens to text)
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are a sequence of tokens that are given to the decoder at the start of the decoding process, and take the following order:
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1. The transcription always starts with the `<|startoftranscript|>` token
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2. The second token is the language token (e.g. `<|en|>` for English)
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3. The third token is the "task token". It can take one of two values: `<|transcribe|>` for speech recognition or `<|translate|>` for speech translation
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4. In addition, a `<|notimestamps|>` token is added if the model should not include timestamp prediction
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```
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<|startoftranscript|> <|en|> <|transcribe|> <|notimestamps|>
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```
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Which tells the model to decode in English, under the task of speech recognition, and not to predict timestamps.
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each position. This allows one to control the output language and task for the Whisper model. If they are un-forced,
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the Whisper model will automatically predict the output langauge and task itself.
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model.config.forced_decoder_ids = WhisperProcessor.get_decoder_prompt_ids(language="english", task="transcribe")
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```
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### English to English
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In this example, the context tokens are 'unforced', meaning the model automatically predicts the output language
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(English) and task (transcribe).
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```python
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>>> from transformers import WhisperProcessor, WhisperForConditionalGeneration
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>>> from datasets import load_dataset
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>>> # load model and processor
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>>> processor = WhisperProcessor.from_pretrained("openai/whisper-tiny")
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>>> model = WhisperForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("openai/whisper-tiny")
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>>> model.config.forced_decoder_ids = None
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>>> # load dummy dataset and read audio files
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>>> ds = load_dataset("hf-internal-testing/librispeech_asr_dummy", "clean", split="validation")
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>>> sample = ds[0]["audio"]
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>>> input_features = processor(sample["array"], sampling_rate=sample["sampling_rate"], return_tensors="pt").input_features
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>>> # generate token ids
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>>> predicted_ids = model.generate(input_features)
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>>> # decode token ids to text
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>>> transcription = processor.batch_decode(predicted_ids, skip_special_tokens=False)
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['<|startoftranscript|><|en|><|transcribe|><|notimestamps|> Mr. Quilter is the apostle of the middle classes and we are glad to welcome his gospel.<|endoftext|>']
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>>> transcription = processor.batch_decode(predicted_ids, skip_special_tokens=True)
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[' Mr. Quilter is the apostle of the middle classes and we are glad to welcome his gospel.']
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```
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The context tokens can be removed from the start of the transcription by setting `skip_special_tokens=True`.
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### French to French
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The following example demonstrates French to French transcription by setting the decoder ids appropriately.
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```python
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>>> from transformers import WhisperProcessor, WhisperForConditionalGeneration
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>>> from datasets import Audio, load_dataset
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>>> # load model and processor
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>>> processor = WhisperProcessor.from_pretrained("openai/whisper-tiny")
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>>> model = WhisperForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("openai/whisper-tiny")
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>>> forced_decoder_ids = processor.get_decoder_prompt_ids(language="french", task="transcribe")
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>>> # load streaming dataset and read first audio sample
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>>> ds = load_dataset("common_voice", "fr", split="test", streaming=True)
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>>> ds = ds.cast_column("audio", Audio(sampling_rate=16_000))
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>>> input_speech = next(iter(ds))["audio"]
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>>> input_features = processor(input_speech["array"], sampling_rate=input_speech["sampling_rate"], return_tensors="pt").input_features
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>>> # generate token ids
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>>> predicted_ids = model.generate(input_features, forced_decoder_ids=forced_decoder_ids)
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>>> # decode token ids to text
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>>> transcription = processor.batch_decode(predicted_ids)
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['<|startoftranscript|><|fr|><|transcribe|><|notimestamps|> Un vrai travail intéressant va enfin être mené sur ce sujet.<|endoftext|>']
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>>> transcription = processor.batch_decode(predicted_ids, skip_special_tokens=True)
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[' Un vrai travail intéressant va enfin être mené sur ce sujet.']
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```
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## Translation
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Setting the task to "translate" forces the Whisper model to perform speech translation.
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### French to English
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```python
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>>> from transformers import WhisperProcessor, WhisperForConditionalGeneration
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>>> from datasets import Audio, load_dataset
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>>> # load model and processor
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>>> processor = WhisperProcessor.from_pretrained("openai/whisper-tiny")
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>>> model = WhisperForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("openai/whisper-tiny")
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>>> forced_decoder_ids = processor.get_decoder_prompt_ids(language="french", task="translate")
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>>> # load streaming dataset and read first audio sample
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>>> ds = load_dataset("common_voice", "fr", split="test", streaming=True)
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>>> ds = ds.cast_column("audio", Audio(sampling_rate=16_000))
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>>> input_speech = next(iter(ds))["audio"]
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>>> input_features = processor(input_speech["array"], sampling_rate=input_speech["sampling_rate"], return_tensors="pt").input_features
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>>> # generate token ids
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>>> predicted_ids = model.generate(input_features, forced_decoder_ids=forced_decoder_ids)
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>>> # decode token ids to text
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>>> transcription = processor.batch_decode(predicted_ids, skip_special_tokens=True)
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[' A very interesting work, we will finally be given on this subject.']
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```
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## Evaluation
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This code snippet shows how to evaluate Whisper Tiny on [LibriSpeech test-clean](https://huggingface.co/datasets/librispeech_asr):
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```python
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>>> from datasets import load_dataset
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>>> from transformers import WhisperForConditionalGeneration, WhisperProcessor
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>>> import torch
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>>> from evaluate import load
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>>> librispeech_test_clean = load_dataset("librispeech_asr", "clean", split="test")
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>>> processor = WhisperProcessor.from_pretrained("openai/whisper-tiny")
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>>> model = WhisperForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("openai/whisper-tiny").to("cuda")
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>>> def map_to_pred(batch):
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>>> audio = batch["audio"]
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>>> input_features = processor(audio["array"], sampling_rate=audio["sampling_rate"], return_tensors="pt").input_features
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>>> batch["reference"] = processor.tokenizer._normalize(batch['text'])
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>>>
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>>> with torch.no_grad():
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>>> predicted_ids = model.generate(input_features.to("cuda"))[0]
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>>> transcription = processor.decode(predicted_ids)
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>>> batch["prediction"] = processor.tokenizer._normalize(transcription)
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>>> return batch
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>>> result = librispeech_test_clean.map(map_to_pred)
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>>> wer = load("wer")
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>>> print(100 * wer.compute(references=result["reference"], predictions=result["prediction"]))
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7.547098647858638
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```
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## Long-Form Transcription
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The Whisper model is intrinsically designed to work on audio samples of up to 30s in duration. However, by using a chunking
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algorithm, it can be used to transcribe audio samples of up to arbitrary length. This is possible through Transformers
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[`pipeline`](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/main_classes/pipelines#transformers.AutomaticSpeechRecognitionPipeline)
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method. Chunking is enabled by setting `chunk_length_s=30` when instantiating the pipeline. With chunking enabled, the pipeline
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can be run with batched inference. It can also be extended to predict sequence level timestamps by passing `return_timestamps=True`:
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```python
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>>> import torch
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>>> from transformers import pipeline
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>>> from datasets import load_dataset
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>>> device = "cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
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>>> pipe = pipeline(
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>>> "automatic-speech-recognition",
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>>> model="openai/whisper-tiny",
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>>> chunk_length_s=30,
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>>> device=device,
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>>> )
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>>> ds = load_dataset("hf-internal-testing/librispeech_asr_dummy", "clean", split="validation")
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>>> sample = ds[0]["audio"]
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>>> prediction = pipe(sample.copy(), batch_size=8)["text"]
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" Mr. Quilter is the apostle of the middle classes, and we are glad to welcome his gospel."
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>>> # we can also return timestamps for the predictions
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>>> prediction = pipe(sample.copy(), batch_size=8, return_timestamps=True)["chunks"]
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[{'text': ' Mr. Quilter is the apostle of the middle classes and we are glad to welcome his gospel.',
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'timestamp': (0.0, 5.44)}]
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```
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Refer to the blog post [ASR Chunking](https://huggingface.co/blog/asr-chunking) for more details on the chunking algorithm.
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## Fine-Tuning
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The pre-trained Whisper model demonstrates a strong ability to generalise to different datasets and domains. However,
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its predictive capabilities can be improved further for certain languages and tasks through *fine-tuning*. The blog
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post [Fine-Tune Whisper with 🤗 Transformers](https://huggingface.co/blog/fine-tune-whisper) provides a step-by-step
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guide to fine-tuning the Whisper model with as little as 5 hours of labelled data.
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### Evaluated Use
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The primary intended users of these models are AI researchers studying robustness, generalization, capabilities, biases, and constraints of the current model. However, Whisper is also potentially quite useful as an ASR solution for developers, especially for English speech recognition. We recognize that once models are released, it is impossible to restrict access to only “intended” uses or to draw reasonable guidelines around what is or is not research.
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The models are primarily trained and evaluated on ASR and speech translation to English tasks. They show strong ASR results in ~10 languages. They may exhibit additional capabilities, particularly if fine-tuned on certain tasks like voice activity detection, speaker classification, or speaker diarization but have not been robustly evaluated in these areas. We strongly recommend that users perform robust evaluations of the models in a particular context and domain before deploying them.
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In particular, we caution against using Whisper models to transcribe recordings of individuals taken without their consent or purporting to use these models for any kind of subjective classification. We recommend against use in high-risk domains like decision-making contexts, where flaws in accuracy can lead to pronounced flaws in outcomes. The models are intended to transcribe and translate speech, use of the model for classification is not only not evaluated but also not appropriate, particularly to infer human attributes.
|
399 |
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|
400 |
-
|
401 |
-
## Training Data
|
402 |
-
|
403 |
-
The models are trained on 680,000 hours of audio and the corresponding transcripts collected from the internet. 65% of this data (or 438,000 hours) represents English-language audio and matched English transcripts, roughly 18% (or 126,000 hours) represents non-English audio and English transcripts, while the final 17% (or 117,000 hours) represents non-English audio and the corresponding transcript. This non-English data represents 98 different languages.
|
404 |
-
|
405 |
-
As discussed in [the accompanying paper](https://cdn.openai.com/papers/whisper.pdf), we see that performance on transcription in a given language is directly correlated with the amount of training data we employ in that language.
|
406 |
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|
407 |
-
|
408 |
-
## Performance and Limitations
|
409 |
-
|
410 |
-
Our studies show that, over many existing ASR systems, the models exhibit improved robustness to accents, background noise, technical language, as well as zero shot translation from multiple languages into English; and that accuracy on speech recognition and translation is near the state-of-the-art level.
|
411 |
-
|
412 |
-
However, because the models are trained in a weakly supervised manner using large-scale noisy data, the predictions may include texts that are not actually spoken in the audio input (i.e. hallucination). We hypothesize that this happens because, given their general knowledge of language, the models combine trying to predict the next word in audio with trying to transcribe the audio itself.
|
413 |
-
|
414 |
-
Our models perform unevenly across languages, and we observe lower accuracy on low-resource and/or low-discoverability languages or languages where we have less training data. The models also exhibit disparate performance on different accents and dialects of particular languages, which may include higher word error rate across speakers of different genders, races, ages, or other demographic criteria. Our full evaluation results are presented in [the paper accompanying this release](https://cdn.openai.com/papers/whisper.pdf).
|
415 |
-
|
416 |
-
In addition, the sequence-to-sequence architecture of the model makes it prone to generating repetitive texts, which can be mitigated to some degree by beam search and temperature scheduling but not perfectly. Further analysis on these limitations are provided in [the paper](https://cdn.openai.com/papers/whisper.pdf). It is likely that this behavior and hallucinations may be worse on lower-resource and/or lower-discoverability languages.
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417 |
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|
418 |
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|
419 |
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## Broader Implications
|
420 |
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|
421 |
-
We anticipate that Whisper models’ transcription capabilities may be used for improving accessibility tools. While Whisper models cannot be used for real-time transcription out of the box – their speed and size suggest that others may be able to build applications on top of them that allow for near-real-time speech recognition and translation. The real value of beneficial applications built on top of Whisper models suggests that the disparate performance of these models may have real economic implications.
|
422 |
-
|
423 |
-
There are also potential dual use concerns that come with releasing Whisper. While we hope the technology will be used primarily for beneficial purposes, making ASR technology more accessible could enable more actors to build capable surveillance technologies or scale up existing surveillance efforts, as the speed and accuracy allow for affordable automatic transcription and translation of large volumes of audio communication. Moreover, these models may have some capabilities to recognize specific individuals out of the box, which in turn presents safety concerns related both to dual use and disparate performance. In practice, we expect that the cost of transcription is not the limiting factor of scaling up surveillance projects.
|
424 |
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|
425 |
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|
426 |
-
### BibTeX entry and citation info
|
427 |
-
```bibtex
|
428 |
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@misc{radford2022whisper,
|
429 |
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doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2212.04356},
|
430 |
-
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.04356},
|
431 |
-
author = {Radford, Alec and Kim, Jong Wook and Xu, Tao and Brockman, Greg and McLeavey, Christine and Sutskever, Ilya},
|
432 |
-
title = {Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervision},
|
433 |
-
publisher = {arXiv},
|
434 |
-
year = {2022},
|
435 |
-
copyright = {arXiv.org perpetual, non-exclusive license}
|
436 |
-
}
|
437 |
-
```
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1 |
+
# AISAK-Listen
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2 |
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3 |
+
### Overview:
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4 |
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5 |
+
AISAK, short for Artificially Intelligent Swiss Army Knife, is a general-purpose AI system comprising various models designed for different tasks. Developed by Mandela Logan, one of the models within AISAK is a state-of-the-art automatic speech recognition (ASR) model. This model, named AISAK-Listen, is fine-tuned on extensive datasets to excel in converting spoken language into written text.
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6 |
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7 |
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### Model Information:
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9 |
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- **Model Name**: AISAK-Listen
|
10 |
+
- **Version**: 1.0
|
11 |
+
- **Model Architecture**: Seq2seq
|
12 |
+
- **Specialization**: AISAK-Listen is a dedicated ASR model within the AISAK system, built off the impressive https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-tiny model architecture. It has been fine-tuned to optimize performance for quick speech recognition tasks.
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13 |
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14 |
+
### Intended Use:
|
15 |
|
16 |
+
AISAK-Listen, as part of AISAK, is developed to provide reliable and high-quality speech-to-text conversion capabilities. It is intended to be a versatile tool for various applications such as transcription services, voice assistants, voice-controlled systems, and more. AISAK-Listen excels in accurately transcribing quick speech with minimal delay, making it suitable for real-time speech recognition requirements.
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17 |
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18 |
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### Performance:
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19 |
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20 |
+
AISAK-Listen has undergone extensive testing to ensure its performance meets demanding standards. It consistently achieves impressive accuracy rates in converting spoken language to written text, outperforming other ASR models in terms of speed and efficiency. The model's performance has been evaluated on diverse speech datasets to ensure its generalization across different speakers and speech patterns.
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21 |
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22 |
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### Ethical Considerations:
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23 |
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24 |
+
- **Bias Mitigation**: AISAK-Listen undergoes training processes that aim to minimize bias. However, it is important to note that biases may still be present in the transcriptions generated by the model.
|
25 |
+
- **Fair Use**: Users are advised to exercise caution when utilizing AISAK-Listen in sensitive or critical contexts. The generated transcriptions should be reviewed and verified to ensure their accuracy and fairness.
|
26 |
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27 |
+
### Limitations:
|
28 |
|
29 |
+
- AISAK-Listen's performance is optimized for quick speech recognition and may not be as effective for specialized speech styles or accents.
|
30 |
+
- The model's accuracy may vary when exposed to speech data that significantly differs from the quick speech it was trained on.
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31 |
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32 |
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### Deployment:
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33 |
|
34 |
+
Inferencing for AISAK-Listen will be handled as part of the full deployment of the AISAK system in the future. The process is lengthy and intensive in many areas, emphasizing the goal of achieving the optimal system rather than the quickest. However, work is being done as fast as humanly possible. Updates will be provided as frequently as possible.
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35 |
|
36 |
+
### Caveats:
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37 |
|
38 |
+
- It is recommended to review and validate the transcriptions generated by AISAK-Listen, particularly in critical or high-stakes situations where accuracy is crucial.
|
39 |
|
40 |
+
### Model Card Information:
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|
41 |
|
42 |
+
- **Model Card Created**: February 19, 2024
|
43 |
+
- **Last Updated**: February 19, 2024
|
44 |
+
- **Contact Information**: For any inquiries or communication purposes, please reach out to [email protected].
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