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README.md
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license: mit
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---
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# GerPT2
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See the [GPT2 model card](https://huggingface.co/gpt2) for considerations on limitations and bias. See the [GPT2 documentation](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/gpt2.html) for details on GPT2.
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## Comparison to [dbmdz/german-gpt2](https://huggingface.co/dbmdz/german-gpt2)
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I evaluated both GerPT2 and the other German GPT2, [dbmdz/german-gpt2](https://huggingface.co/dbmdz/german-gpt2) on the [CC-100](http://data.statmt.org/cc-100/) dataset and on the German Wikipedia:
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| | CC-100 (PPL) | Wikipedia (PPL) |
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|-------------------|--------------|-----------------|
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| dbmdz/german-gpt2 | 49.47 | 62.92 |
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| GerPT2 | 24.78 | 35.33 |
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See the script `evaluate.py` in the [GerPT2 Github repository](https://github.com/bminixhofer/gerpt2) for the code.
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## Usage
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```python
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from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer, pipeline
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("benjamin/gerpt2")
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prompt = "<your prompt>"
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pipe = pipeline("text-generation", model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer)
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print(pipe(prompt)[0]["generated_text"])
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```
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Also, two tricks might improve the generated text:
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```python
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output = model.generate(
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# during training an EOS token was used to mark the beginning of each text
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# so it can help to insert it at the start
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torch.tensor(
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[tokenizer.eos_token_id] + tokenizer.encode(prompt)
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).unsqueeze(0),
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do_sample=True,
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# try setting bad_words_ids=[[0]] to disallow generating an EOS token, without this the model is
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# prone to ending generation early because a significant number of texts from the training corpus
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# is quite short
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bad_words_ids=[[0]],
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max_length=max_length,
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)[0]
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print(tokenizer.decode(output))
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```
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## Training details
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GerPT2 is trained on the entire German data (67GB) from the [CC-100 Corpus](http://data.statmt.org/cc-100/) and weights were initialized from the [English GPT2 model](https://huggingface.co/gpt2).
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- a batch size of 256
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- using OneCycle learning rate with a maximum of 5e-3
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- with AdamW with a weight decay of 0.01
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- for 7 epochs
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0. Download and unzip training data from http://data.statmt.org/cc-100/.
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1. Train a tokenizer using `prepare/train_tokenizer.py`. As training data for the tokenizer I used a random subset of 5% of the CC-100 data.
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2. (optionally) generate a German input embedding matrix with `prepare/generate_aligned_wte.py`. This uses a neat trick to semantically map tokens from the English tokenizer to tokens from the German tokenizer using aligned word embeddings. E. g.:
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```
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ĠMinde -> Ġleast
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Ġjed -> Ġwhatsoever
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flughafen -> Air
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vermittlung -> employment
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teilung -> ignment
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ĠInterpretation -> Ġinterpretation
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Ġimport -> Ġimported
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hansa -> irl
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genehmigungen -> exempt
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ĠAuflist -> Ġlists
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Ġverschwunden -> Ġdisappeared
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ĠFlyers -> ĠFlyers
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Kanal -> Channel
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Ġlehr -> Ġteachers
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Ġnahelie -> Ġconvenient
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gener -> Generally
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mitarbeiter -> staff
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```
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This helps a lot on a trial run I did, although I wasn't able to do a full comparison due to budget and time constraints. To use this WTE matrix it can be passed via the `wte_path` to the training script. Credit to [this blogpost](https://medium.com/@pierre_guillou/faster-than-training-from-scratch-fine-tuning-the-english-gpt-2-in-any-language-with-hugging-f2ec05c98787) for the idea of initializing GPT2 from English weights.
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3. Tokenize the corpus using `prepare/tokenize_text.py`. This generates files for train and validation tokens in JSON Lines format.
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## License
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GerPT2 is licensed under the MIT License.
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## Acknowledgements
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Thanks to [Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co) for awesome tools and infrastructure.
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license: mit
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---
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# GerPT2-large
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German large and small versions of GPT2:
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- https://huggingface.co/benjamin/gerpt2
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- https://huggingface.co/benjamin/gerpt2-large
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See the [GPT2 model card](https://huggingface.co/gpt2) for considerations on limitations and bias. See the [GPT2 documentation](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/gpt2.html) for details on GPT2.
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## Comparison to [dbmdz/german-gpt2](https://huggingface.co/dbmdz/german-gpt2)
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I evaluated both GerPT2-large and the other German GPT2, [dbmdz/german-gpt2](https://huggingface.co/dbmdz/german-gpt2) on the [CC-100](http://data.statmt.org/cc-100/) dataset and on the German Wikipedia:
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| | CC-100 (PPL) | Wikipedia (PPL) |
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|-------------------|--------------|-----------------|
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| dbmdz/german-gpt2 | 49.47 | 62.92 |
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| GerPT2 | 24.78 | 35.33 |
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| GerPT2-large | __16.08__ | __23.26__ |
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See the script `evaluate.py` in the [GerPT2 Github repository](https://github.com/bminixhofer/gerpt2) for the code.
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## Usage
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```python
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from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer, pipeline
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("benjamin/gerpt2-large")
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model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("benjamin/gerpt2-large")
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prompt = "<your prompt>"
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pipe = pipeline("text-generation", model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer)
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print(pipe(prompt)[0]["generated_text"])
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```
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Also, two tricks might improve the generated text:
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```python
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+
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output = model.generate(
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+
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# during training an EOS token was used to mark the beginning of each text
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+
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# so it can help to insert it at the start
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+
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torch.tensor(
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+
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[tokenizer.eos_token_id] + tokenizer.encode(prompt)
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+
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).unsqueeze(0),
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do_sample=True,
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# try setting bad_words_ids=[[0]] to disallow generating an EOS token, without this the model is
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+
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# prone to ending generation early because a significant number of texts from the training corpus
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# is quite short
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bad_words_ids=[[0]],
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max_length=max_length,
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)[0]
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print(tokenizer.decode(output))
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```
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## Training details
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GerPT2-large is trained on the entire German data (67GB) from the [CC-100 Corpus](http://data.statmt.org/cc-100/) and weights were initialized from the [English GPT2 model](https://huggingface.co/gpt2-large).
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GerPT2-large was trained with:
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- a batch size of 256
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- using OneCycle learning rate with a maximum of 5e-3
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- with AdamW with a weight decay of 0.01
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- for 2 epochs
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Training took roughly 12 days on 8 TPUv3 cores.
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To train GerPT2-large, follow these steps. Scripts are located in the [Github repository](https://github.com/bminixhofer/gerpt2):
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0. Download and unzip training data from http://data.statmt.org/cc-100/.
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1. Train a tokenizer using `prepare/train_tokenizer.py`. As training data for the tokenizer I used a random subset of 5% of the CC-100 data.
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+
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2. (optionally) generate a German input embedding matrix with `prepare/generate_aligned_wte.py`. This uses a neat trick to semantically map tokens from the English tokenizer to tokens from the German tokenizer using aligned word embeddings. E. g.:
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```
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ĠMinde -> Ġleast
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+
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Ġjed -> Ġwhatsoever
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+
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flughafen -> Air
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+
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vermittlung -> employment
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+
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teilung -> ignment
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+
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ĠInterpretation -> Ġinterpretation
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+
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Ġimport -> Ġimported
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+
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hansa -> irl
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+
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genehmigungen -> exempt
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+
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ĠAuflist -> Ġlists
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Ġverschwunden -> Ġdisappeared
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ĠFlyers -> ĠFlyers
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Kanal -> Channel
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Ġlehr -> Ġteachers
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Ġnahelie -> Ġconvenient
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+
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gener -> Generally
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+
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mitarbeiter -> staff
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+
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```
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This helps a lot on a trial run I did, although I wasn't able to do a full comparison due to budget and time constraints. To use this WTE matrix it can be passed via the `wte_path` to the training script. Credit to [this blogpost](https://medium.com/@pierre_guillou/faster-than-training-from-scratch-fine-tuning-the-english-gpt-2-in-any-language-with-hugging-f2ec05c98787) for the idea of initializing GPT2 from English weights.
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3. Tokenize the corpus using `prepare/tokenize_text.py`. This generates files for train and validation tokens in JSON Lines format.
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4. Run the training script `train.py`! `run.sh` shows how this was executed for the full run with config `configs/tpu_large.json`.
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## License
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GerPT2-large is licensed under the MIT License.
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## Acknowledgements
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Thanks to [Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co) for awesome tools and infrastructure.
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Huge thanks to [Artus Krohn-Grimberghe](https://twitter.com/artuskg) at [LYTiQ](https://www.lytiq.de/) for making this possible by sponsoring the resources used for training.
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