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Home Simulation
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<p>Can love exist between a zombie and a plant? Probably not. But you'll find out for certain if you play Plants vs Zombies 2 right now.</p><p>It's been updated with a new "Valenbrainz Hug-a-thon" event, you see.</p><p>What this means is that zombies are dressed up in love hearts, accompanied by cupid, while also leaving trails of rose petals behind them.</p><p>It's Plants vs Zombies 2 spruced up for Valentine's Day. See, there's even a trailer for it. Watch below.</p>....
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<p>The Chinese Room's critically acclaimed narrative-driven game Dear Esther is now available for iOS devices.</p><p>Despite being a critical darling when it was released back in 2012 Dear Esther is often the source of ridicule from folks who don't' feel that it's really a game. Whatever you may think of it, Dear Esther is certainly an important game. It paved the way for more games of its ilk such as the excellent What Remains of Edith Finch. So it's great to see it make its way over to Apple devices.</p><p>If you've never had any dealings with Dear Esther it's a story-focused game where you explore the coastline of the mysterious Hebridean isle. Accompanying you on your journey is an unknown narrator who reads out parts of a letter that was written to the titular Esther.</p><p>As you explore the isle you may see various scribblings on cave walls and different parts of some machine scattered throughout the environment. You might also spy a spectral being off in the distance on occasion as well as you're left to interpret the events of the story.</p><p>It's also a visually spectacular looking game with incredible amounts of detail to be found in the environment. Given its age, it still holds up remarkably well and I'm intrigued to see how that translates to iPhones and iPads.</p><p>If you're pressed for time but are interested in what Dear Esther has to offer, fear not. It's not a particularly long game, you'll be able to see everything it has to offer in around an hour though you can expect the game to stick with you a fair bit longer than that.</p><p>Dear Esther is available now on the App Store. It's a premium game that costs $4.99/£4.99.</p>Check out our news section to discover the latest, and greatest, games.....
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https://sharesolavei.com/android/app/internet-android/
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31/12/2020 · The $299 six-core/12-thread AMD Ryzen 5 5600X lands in the arena as the company's lowest-end Zen 3 option, just behind the $449 eight-core/12-thread Ryzen 7 5800X.As with the rest of the Zen 3 ....
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AMD- Ryzen 5 5600X 4th Gen 6-Core Desktop Processor with Wraith Stealth Cooler, 12-Threads Unlocked, 3 The range will include the Ryzen 9 5950X, the Ryzen 9 5900X, the Ryzen 7 5800X , and the Ryzen 5 5600X, with each of these chips benefitting from a 7nm processing node and AMD's latest Zen 3 architecture, as well as an uplift in power.
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15/1/2021 · MortThe2nd January 15, 2021, 9:54pm #4. Ryzen 5000 has a 19% IPC (instructions per clock) increase over the 3000 series. The 5600X also has a higher clockspeed than the 3600X, so you should gain over 20% on single core performance. If you’re currently ‘limited by mainthread’ it’s most likely very much worth it..
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With AMD’s Ryzen 5000 “Zen 3” processors, the. 2020. 12. 1. · World War Z: AMD Ryzen 5 5600X overclocked at 4.8 GHz. In Assassin’s Creed Valhalla, just like in Metro Exodus, our Radeon RX 5700 graphics card was not good enough to match the Ryzen 5 5600X or any of the other processors we tested. It didn’t matter whether we overclocked.
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https://shejg.fensterreinigung-vechta.de/ryzen-5-5600x-best-bios-settings.html
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dclm-gs1-268315422
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RM 100
room climate monitor CO2 meter for air quality measuring
With an increasing CO2 value, both the productive efficiency and the coziness decline, while the virus load rises. The room climate monitor RM 100 helps evaluating the quality of the room climate objectively. So you know exactly when you need to ventilate your office, medical practice or classroom.
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https://shop.ebro.com/en/aktionen/
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dclm-gs1-268335422
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Sumatra Mountain
Maker: Founders, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USAwp-1469491924785.jpg
Style: Coffee flavored Imperial Brown Ale
ABV: 9%
MSRP: $12 (4 pack)
Appearance: Light coffee brown with a big foamy head.
Nose: Roasted coffee, chocolate syrup, brown sugar.
Palate: Dark roast coffee with 3-4 packets of sugar in the raw, a little malt and bitterness, dark chocolate.
Finish: Sticky but not really sweet. Almost exactly like dark roast Sumatra but without the smoke I often get in that coffee.
Parting words: From the folks who brought the world Breakfast Stout, now we have another coffee beer. I like that it’s more than just that, though. They’re using Sumatran coffee (working my way through a bag of Sumatra Mandheling from Chazzano right now, actually) provided by Ferris & Co. roasters of Grand Rapids (details on their Sumatra are here). They also used two types of malt, Aromatic and Munich, and two types of hops, German and Perle. In sum, Founders put a lot of effort and care into this, as they do with everything.
That said, I think this beer missed the mark. There’s too much sweetness here for my taste. It comes off closer to a fudge or milkshake stout than a coffee-flavored brown ale. $12 isn’t crazy for an imperial seasonal offering but it’s too much for something I’m not particularly fond of. Sumatra Mountain is mildly recommended.
Three way head to head micro-rye tasting: Journeyman vs Few vs Union Horse
J= Journeyman Last Feather Rye, batch 17wp-1468093192015.jpg
F= FEW Rye, batch 15
UH= Union Horse Reunion Straight Rye, batch 1
J: Journeyman, Three Oaks, Michigan, USA
F: FEW, Evanston, Illinois, USA
UH: Union Horse, Lenexa, Kansas, USA
F: “At least one year”*
UH: “Over two years”*
*Age statements like these are not in line with regulatory standards
J: 90 (45% ABV)
F: 93 (46.5% ABV)
UH: 93 (46.5% ABV)
J: $50 (Michigan State Minimum)
F: $60 (Michigan State Minimum)
UH: $39 (MSRP)
Note: Received a complimentary bottle of UH from FleischmanHillard PR for review purposes.
J: Medium copper.
F: A little lighter but still copper.
UH: Quite a bit darker. Shiny auburn.
J: Bananas, cherry bubble gum, alcohol, oak.
F: Christmas tree scented candle, orange peel.
UH: Cut grass, toasted grain. Similar to Canandian Club.
J: Banana, black licorice, alcohol.
F: Mild. Peppermint.
UH: Full bodied and sweet. Brown sugar, oak, alcohol.
J: Big licorice that lingers.
F: Spearmint gum.
UH: Grassy and sweet, then Grape-Nuts cereal.
Mixed: With ginger ale, in a Manhattan and a Sazerac
J: Brought big licorice to all three. Excelled in the manhattan.
F: Did fine in everything. Nothing offensive.
UH: Same as F above.
Parting words: This is one of those head to head tastings that ends up making me mad. The overall winner was Last Feather Rye, but with a couple concerns. I loved the licorice and banana flavors but those are flavors I don’t expect out of rye whiskey. Nothing wrong with that on its own, but those flavors combined with the absence of the word “straight” on the front label makes me wonder if Journeyman is flavoring its rye, a la Templeton. This is legal, but should be disclosed to consumers. If I had my act together, I would have emailed or called them to ask, but I didn’t think of that possibility until now. I’ll try to get that information in the near future. To be fair, FEW isn’t straight either, but with FEW there’s nothing in the glass outside of the typical range of flavors for American ryes.
FEW Rye was ok, but nothing too extraordinary. It drank like a less refined version of Bulleit rye. The mintiness does fine in cocktails but it was overwhelming neat. Reunion was a horse of a different color. Its profile was closer to a Canadian blended rye than any American rye I’ve had recently. It’s better balanced than FEW, but not as flavorful as Last Feather.
The elephant in the room with all of these is the price. Journeyman is $50, which is too high for a whiskey that isn’t a straight. FEW is $60, which is just plain dumb. Reunion is priced better and is a straight, but is still pushing it when it comes to price.
Journeyman is mildly recommended, FEW is not recommended and Reunion is recommended (at or near MRSP)
Chateau du Tariquet, 8 years old.
Maker: Chateau du Tarquiet, Éauze, Condom, Gers, France.wp-1468538722885.jpg
Grape: Folle Blanche (100%)
Place of origin: Tariquet estate, Bas-Armagnac.
Age: 8 y/o (distilled Nov 1999, bottled July 2010)
ABV: 51.1%
Purchased for $64 (Vine & Table, Carmel, Indiana)
Appearance: Dark auburn with lots of closely spaced legs.
Nose: Overdone oatmeal raisin cookies: Vanilla, toasted cookie, raisins.
Palate: Alcohol, dried figs, old oak.
Finish: Hot, fading into macerated raisins.
Parting words: Armagnac is a type of French brandy produced in the Armagnac region of southwestern France. It differs from Cognac in a few ways. First, it’s made in a different region altogether. Second, Armagnac is made in Alembic continuous stills unlike Cognac, and it is only distilled once, also unlike Cognac which is distilled twice. This can give Armagnac a bold, rustic character that sets it apart from its mild, easy drinking cousin.
There’s not a lot of information on this Armagnac house to be found on the internet. What I was able to discover was that Tarquiet produces a fairly wide assortment of Armagnacs as well as Cote de Gascogne wines. The vineyards were purchased by the Arnaud family (bear-trainers by trade) in 1912. Hélène Arnaud married a young hairdresser named Pierre Grassa after World War II and the estate passed into the hands of the Grassa family. Armin and Rémy Grassa, grandsons of Hélène and Pierre, are now chief winemakers at the estate.
I don’t review a lot of Armagnacs, but I would like to review more. The biggest obstacle to that is the extremely limited select of them in Michigan. So I try to pick some up when I can when traveling. This one appealed to me because it is relatively affordable and available at cask strength. It’s not the most flavorful one I’ve had, but it has some very nice oak characteristics and rich raisin flavors that make it fun to drink. I like it. Chateau du Tariquet, 8 years old (100% Folle Blanche, cask strength) is recommended.
NOTE: Factual error about method of distillation has been corrected.
Bel Lago Auxerrois, 2013
Maker: Bel Lago, Cedar, Leelanau County, Michigan, USAwp-1468093271317.jpg
Place of origin: Bel Lago estate, Leelanau Peninsula AVA, Michigan, USA
Vintage: 2013
ABV: 13.9%
Price: $19 (website price for 2012 vintage)
Nose: Cut golden apple, peach, pear, leather.
Palate: Full bodied, dry. Subtle pear, cantaloupe, a drop of brown butter.
Finish: A little tangy and a little sweet, then a touch of smoke as it fades.
Parting words: Auxerrois is not a grape that finds its way onto labels very much. It’s a member of the Pinot family grapes. According to geneticists, Auxerrois shares the same parentage as Chardonnay, making it something of a fraternal twin. It’s primarily grown in Alsace in eastern France, where it is one of the most commonly grown varieties (in 2008, it was grown on twice the acreage of Pinot Blanc). Alsace is between Burgundy and Germany geographically and wino-graphically. It is best known for its white wines which include Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Gewurztraminer and Riesling. Where does that leave Auxerrois? There’s a strange quirk in French wine laws that allows Alsatian wines labeled Pinot Blanc to contain any white wine from the Pinot family. Auxerrois is one of the most popular choices for Pinot Blanc, whether blended with Blanc and Gris or even all by itself(!). It brings Chard-like mouthfeel and fruit to the blend as a counterpoint Pinot Blanc’s crispness.
Bel Lago became the first winery to plant Auxerrois in Michigan in 1987. They’ve treated it with care and made a great wine out of it, year after year. Pinot Blanc has been raised as a possible signature grape for Michigan but maybe its old pal Auxerrois is a better choice. Bel Lago Auxerrois is highly recommended.
Alberta Premium
Maker: Alberta Distillers, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Beam Suntory)wp-1467151542331.jpg
Style: Canadian Rye
Age: NAS
ABV: 40%
LCBO price: C$26 ($20 US)
Appearance: Pale copper.
Nose: Roasted corn, cut grass, leather, lavender, alcohol.
Palate: Semi-dry. Woodruff, jalapeno, butterscotch.
Finish: Hot and grassy. Hangs around a long time.
Mixed: Didn’t get a chance to try it in many drinks. It very well in an Old Fashioned and excellent in a Sazerac. OK in a Manhattan, but I that may have been the weird vermouth I used.
Parting words: Alberta Distillers is a unique distillery. Unlike most Canadian distillers, Alberta doesn’t produce a multi-grain blend, but whiskies from 100% rye. This made it very attractive at the beginning of the rye boom when rye was hard to come by. A few companies like Whistle Pig and Jefferson’s took to bottling Alberta rye and charging a premium for it. It was good stuff to be sure, but it’s hard to beat the original for the price. It’s not available on US shelves, but those of us fortunate to live near the border have no excuse not to grab a few bottles when we can. Canadian Club (also owned by Beam Suntory) has been using Alberta rye to fill its new Chairman’s Select label (Now available in the US for about the same price as Alberta Premium), so if this sounds like your cup of tea, it might be worth trying that one out. Needless to say I’ll be reviewing CC Chariman’s Select in the near future.
At any rate, Alberta Premium is a good solid whisky at a good price. Equally good mixed and neat. It’s recommended.
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https://sipologyblog.com/2016/07/
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16" Custom Script Balloon Letters
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Unit price per
Letter Foil balloons for parties 9-16 Inch Mylar Balloons in Gold, Silver, and Rose Gold. Choose your own Letters, Symbols, and Numbers. Personalize your own celebration decor banner.
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Victor Oladipo Captures Most Improved Award
Pacers guard Victor Oladipo was named the league’s Most Improved Player award, it was announced during the NBA’s annual awards broadcast.
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Oladipo averaged 23.1 PPG, 4.3 RPG and 5.2 APG while leading the Pacers to the playoffs, where they pushed the Cavaliers to
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https://sportstalk1400.com/victor-oladipo-captures-most-improved-award/
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dclm-gs1-268385422
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Playground Injury Lawsuits
Free Car Insurance Comparison
Compare Quotes From Top Companies and Save
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UPDATED: Jun 29, 2022
Advertiser Disclosure
Written By: Jeffrey JohnsonUPDATED: Jun 29, 2022Fact Checked
The answer to who’s liable for injuries sustained by a child at a restaurant playground depends on how much your child was at fault, if at all. If he was being reckless in his use of playground equipment and you did not stop him, it is likely that he will not receive damages from the other parties involved or the restaurant. Further, if you were to lose your lawsuit entirely, there is even a chance that you will be liable to the other family on a countersuit, and/or for their attorneys fees as well as your own. However, if your son was playing on the monkey bars in a reasonable way, you will want to examine whether the other child’s actions caused the accident or whether the owner of the restaurant had failed in his duty to provide a safe environment at the restaurant’s playground.
Defining Fault
In addition to making the determinations listed above, there is a need to define “fault,” because fault exists both in a lay sense, and in a legal sense. In this situation, it’s the legal definition that we care most about, since it will determine the answer to whether you, the playground, or the other parties involved will be held liable.
Most jurisdictions practice some form of comparative fault (or comparative negligence). Importantly, comparative fault means that when a plaintiff’s negligence plays a role in his or her own injury, s/he cannot recover if that negligence was as much as or more than the defendant’s negligence. Whether it’s “as much” (50%) or “more than” (51%) depends on the jurisdiction. You’ll need to speak to a local, licensed personal injury attorney for a clear answer.
Sometimes, however, accidents simply happen. There is often no clear fault. Perhaps neither boy was playing inappropriately, and the owner of the restaurant had taken all reasonable care in choosing, installing, and maintaining the equipment. If this is the case, you may not have a legitimate case against anyone. A lawsuit filing in this sort of situation would likely be considered frivolous by the court. This would expose you to the risk of court fees and your attorney to the risk of losing his license.
Getting Help
Because this is a complicated matter, you should contact an experienced personal injury attorney in your jurisdiction to discuss your case. An experienced attorney can review the circumstances involved in your claim and determine if a personal injury lawsuit is worth pursuing.
Get Legal Help Today
Find the right lawyer for your legal issue.
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Full Bio →
Written by Jeffrey Johnson
Insurance Lawyer Jeffrey Johnson
Get Legal Help Today
Find the right lawyer for your legal issue.
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https://staging.freeadvice.com/legal/playground-injury-lawsuits/
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Tesla Charge Droff off
2개월 전
Today is the last day of having the Tesla to gig work.. it has been really fun so much power and makes gig work even more enjoyable zooming in and out.
Dropping off order, I had people looking at me all confused they are getting McDonald’s dropped off with a dude with a Tesla….
That’s funny. Gives a sense of professionalism somewhat..
The charging part is cool, once you connect the cord it starts off and sounds a bit like a jet engine.
This is the model 3 long range so it seems to be the basic model with less features, I didn’t mind it since the take offs where always on point.
I was using it with gig work for 10-12 hours a day with max charge price at $38 .. charging it at certain times offers cheaper pricing per kW.
We have super chargers here max 250 kW I’ve hit that before. Of course the more teslas being charged the kW gets reduced so it’s best to come morning, mid day and after 10 PM. Anything other than that it becomes more expensive so from 18% to 62% it comes out to $10… keep in mind the care is full electric there is no battery and alternator so the car is of course reliant on the batteries it has so $10 is really really good.
This was also posted on Hive a couple of days ago.
Authors get paid when people like you upvote their post.
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https://steemkr.com/tesla/@chronocrypto/tesla-charge-droff-off
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| 0.911087 |
Car Radio Turns On But No Sound
Car Radio Turns On But No Sound - featured image
If your car radio turns on, but no sound comes out, common parts you should check include; blown fuses, Wiring shorts, Faulting input, or Damaged speakers/wires. It could also be a simple solution, such as the source or audio output device.
Why Does My Radio Turn on but No Sound?
When your radio turns on but with no sound, it can be very frustrating, but this is a common problem with many radio and car models.
Common issues can include:
1. Blown fuse
2. Wiring short
3. Faulting input
4. Damaged speakers or wires
We have specific guides for different types of cars and stereo receiver models and include:
Getting no audio is quite a problem for many stereo radio receivers.
If you find yourself in this situation, there are a few usual culprits for the problem.
Before diving into more technical problems, we will first determine which component could be responsible for no sound being played and suggest if some “silly” mistakes could be as simple as flipping a button to get your radio up and blaring again.
Quick Silly Solutions for Radio Turning on but no Sound
• Is your audio output volume turned up? (Eg: Your phone is plugged in, but your volume is off on your mobile)
• Are all the wires connected?
• Are you on the right source? (Toggle across: AUX, radio / Tuner , USB, Bluetooth)
• Is your source working? (Try changing songs, CDs, or radio channels)
Hopefully, it is only one of these issues, as they’ll be quick to fix and cause no lasting issues to your car’s audio system.
If not, we need to figure out which component or components are causing no sound.
AUX to phone Wire
AUX cable not properly connected to the phone
Components Causing No Sound. Which one?
The best way to diagnose the component causing the issue is to start at the speakers or source of audio/sound and work your way through to see if you can fix the problem as you go.
As shown in the diagram below, you can check your components in the following order.
This way, you can rule out working parts:
Aux to speakers diagram
Source (Phone or Radio): Check, does the sound play when not plugged into your car stereo?
Is the volume turned up?
Change the radio station still not hear anything?
Cable (AUX or USB): Is the cable plugged in properly or loosely connected? Does it work with another device?
And so on…
Radio Turns On But No Sound (More Complicated)
When a radio turns on, but no sound comes out, it can be confusing as you can see that it is turned on and lights are flashing, or you can see dialogue on the screen.
The good news is it will not be fully broken as it’s still receiving electrical power.
The bad news is you’ll have to figure out where it’s broken or disconnected in the components chain.
The following are common fixes for cases where the radio turns on, but the speaker produces no sound.
Before attempting any of these fixes, make sure that the problem is not with the speaker itself (broken amp, blown fuse, etc.)
Without further ado, here are the things you can do if your radio is not working:
Master Reset
Some reports stated that a master reset helps in fixing the no-sound problem.
The method will vary depending on your car or stereo model.
Before endearing on a complete master reset, do a soft reset, just turning the ignition off and powering down the car.
Some new models will also mean exiting the car, locking it to power it down entirely, just like switching off your phone.
If your car is a Ford with SYNC radio, you can check out our article on conducting a Ford Sync master reset.
Software Update
There are also reports that updating software to its latest version gets rid of the problem.
Depending on the model of your car, this method can vary. You should consult your car’s manual or search YouTube or Google for “how to update YOUR CAR MODEL stereo software”.
If your stereo is using Apple CarPlay see our guide on how to update an Apple CarPlay Stereo.
Unplug And Plug The Fuse
Another solution could be to unplug and replug the fuse clip.
You can find this fuse clip, usually below your steering wheel and at the level of the pedals.
It should have a plastic clip around it. Then, plug and unplug the radio fuse, arrange the wires neatly, and try your radio.
Audio Control Module
Unfortunately, if none of the fixes above worked, the problem might be other components, such as the audio control module.
This is the part of the car which tells the functions and features available at the moment.
So you might have to reflash it or replace it entirely.
Getting professional help is recommended in this situation since there are experienced in installing new car components, especially if you don’t know about car electronics.
Specific Model Radio Turns on But no Sound
Generally, the steps we’ve outlined in this article will be very similar for all makes and models (such as a ford F150 radio not working), with only slight differences or things that are more problematic for specific models.
Final Thoughts
You can quickly check our “silly solution” to see if it’s just a loose wire or a quick fix that anyone can do with little technical know-how.
The more complicated fixes, such as changing the fuse or conducting a master reset, may be too complex for some people.
We recommend consulting your car dealership if it’s something more complicated and nefarious.
If you’ve recently had a new third-party stereo installed, you should check with the company that installed it, as it usually comes with a warranty
Companies such as Best Buy and Walmart include a one-year warranty for this reason.
I loved my car but was frustrated with my media system. So I upgraded my stereo, making silly wires and precarious phone mounts a thing of the past. The Apple Car Play stereo was so good I wanted to show more people how this could be done and truly upgrade their cars multimedia system!
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Kiwi Dahlia
₹ 23,999.00 includes shipping and taxes in India
A stylish and modern range of designer decor that can be paired with virtually any style of living, the Kiwi collection offers picture-perfect pieces for your modern home, office, or studio, and makes your space feel more spacious and welcoming.
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Benches, Everything!
Peca Sheesham Seat
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Halls Harbour
Hall’s Harbour is a picturesque fishing community located along the shore of the Bay of Fundy, in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. On the south, Hall’s Harbour overlooks the Annapolis Valley, on the north overlooks the Bay of Fundy, on the east Sheffield Vault and on the west Chipman Brook. The area is very scenic and the hamlet itself has been declared a Nova Scotia Tourism Destination Area. Hall’s Harbour boasts a fine dining restaurant and lobster pound, art studios & galleries and antique shops. For other amenities including grocery stores, restaurants,and recreational facilities, you are located just 20 minutes outside of Kentville and 30 minutes from the town of Wolfville.
Fishing remains the main year round industry with several commercial lobster and scallop boats operating from the wharves in addition to a large lobster pound. The other main industry is tourism. A seafood restaurant and souvenir shop was built with the lobster pound in the 1990s.The community has developed walking trails and small museum. A seasonal store operates beside the wharf. In summer, floating wharves provide mooring for recreational vessels, many of which are owned by summer residents who seasonally swell the village population. Several bed and breakfast operations cater to tourists and the village is home to several artist studios including David Lacey and the noted marine artist, printmaker and boatbuilder John Neville
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University of Cambridge > Talks.cam > Isaac Newton Institute Seminar Series > Scale and rate effects in fracture of warm freshwater ice
Scale and rate effects in fracture of warm freshwater ice
SIPW05 - SIP Follow on: Mathematics of sea ice in the twenty-first century
Large scale aboratory experiments on size and rate effects on the fracture of warm columnar freshwater ice have been conducted with floating edge-cracked rectangular plates. The largest test plate had dimensions of 19.5m x 36m. The experiments covered a size range of 1 : 39 , possibly the largest for ice tested under laboratory conditions. The thickness of the ice plates was about 0.4m and the temperature at the top surface about -0.3 C. The size and rate effects were observed to be interrelated: There was a size effect at low rates but no size effect at high rates. There was a rate effect for the larger test sizes but a weaker or no rate effect for the smallest test size. In addition to the fracture tests were the load was monotonically increased, also creep/cyclic-recovery tests were conducted with 3m x 6m ice plates. The ice response was elastic–viscoplastic; no significant viscoelastic recovery was detected. This is different than in earlier experiments and the possible contributing factors include the very warm, floating freshwater ice used and the large sample size, larger than in the earlier studies. The talk summarises the work by Gharamti, Dempsey, Polojärvi and Tuhkuri, recenly published in Acta Materialia and The Cryosphere.
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Switzerland’s ingenious cooling caves
0 28
Nothing is more representative of Ticino life than its “grottos”, village taverns whose forerunners were natural caves used to store wine, cheese and meat.
It was a crisp, clear summer’s afternoon, and our boat was drifting on the sparkling blue waters of Lake Lugano in Switzerland’s Italian-speaking canton of Ticino. Local fisherwoman Gabriella Monfredini Rigiani, who organises boat tours and local meal experiences in Ticino, had offered to take me around the lake and its picturesque mountain-clinging villages, many of which are only reachable by boat. As part of my half-day tour, we stopped at some grottos lining the shore of the glacial lake.
“Nothing is more typical of Ticino life than the grotti,” she told me, noting that these natural caverns represent authentic Ticino and define the lifestyle of its people.
We docked at a jetty and followed an uneven path to Grotto Descanso, a village tavern housed in a simple stone building with a shaded terrace overlooking the lake. As we got closer, I could see a huge wooden door near the main entrance, below the terrace. We were greeted by the grotto’s owner, who, on Rigiani’s request, unlocked the door to what looked like a cave. I instantly felt a rush of cold air. Inside was a long wooden table covered with an old-fashioned chequered tablecloth and a wall-mounted wine rack loaded with bottles.
This was one of Ticino’s famed grottos, traditional storehouses fashioned out of the natural landscape. Mostly dating to the 17th Century, they were originally used as family cellars, preserving wine, salami, cheese, fruit and vegetables. Similar grottos can be found throughout Ticino, and while some remain as private storehouses and others lie unused and abandoned, many, like this one, have been repurposed as cosy watering holes and village taverns.
The Italian word “grotta” means a large natural hollow in rock or the earth, and that’s how these cellars began. In Ticino, landslides once covered vast areas of the Alpine foothills, often creating caverns between the rocks. Living as they did, in often-isolated villages, the Ticinese took advantage of these natural elements to keep their food fresh for longer.
“Until about 1950, 99.9% of people in Ticino were farmers,” Rigiani explained. “The grottos enabled many farmers, especially those residing in remote lakeside settlements, to grow their produce and stock it up.”
The reason grottos worked so well as natural fridges is due to their excellent ventilation. Since they usually occurred on rockfall or on an accumulation of scree, they have a porous foundation that guarantees internal air circulation and results in a year-round stable temperature that’s ideal for ageing wine. (Some grottos have a mere 1C temperature difference between summer and winter.)
They were struck with the idea of using caves as natural refrigerators to store cheese, meat and even milk awaiting processing
Legend has it that goats, sensing the cool ground on a hot summer’s day, were the first ones to discover these grottos. “Hundreds of years ago, some goats were found poking their heads inside the holes in the cave walls, up in the mountains,” explained Patricia Carminati, who organises walking tours and food tastings in Ticino. “Soon, the farmers realised that they were doing so to feel the cold air blowing through the walls’ holes. That’s when they were struck with the idea of using caves as natural refrigerators to store cheese, meat and even milk awaiting processing.”
Whenever supplies dwindled at home, the men went off to the grotto to fetch more. In their leisure time, usually at the height of summer before harvesting started, they would sit in front of the grotto, enjoying the cool air flowing out, eating salami and swapping anecdotes or sharing their troubles over a glass of wine.
Hours would go by before the children were sent to fetch their fathers home. Soon the women started to join them, until the grottos became a place for people to mingle, eat together and sing.
Over time, the Ticinese started expanding the caves, creating simple architectural solutions that skilfully incorporated the natural resources. If there was a large opening to the cave, for example, some people added a door at the entrance or carved out extra rooms. If the cavern was only accessible via a small hole in the rockfall, families might build an entire house over the top, using the airflow from the cavern below to keep the internal temperature of the home constant.
“Inside rock caves, they built cellars with arched ceilings. If there wasn’t enough room for all the supplies, the caverns would be hollowed out a bit more or small stone structures would be built in front of the entrance,” Carminati said.
After World War Two, households started to acquire modern refrigerators and the caves’ function started to change. “Very few maintained their original function of preserving food and wine,” explained Alessandro Rezzonico who formerly arranged grotto-hopping boat tours around Lake Lugano. “In other cases, owners expanded their grottos by installing stone tables, benches and other kinds of seating in the forecourt area. They also began selling their stored produce to passers-by.”
Eventually, many of these rustic storehouses, often sitting at the forest limits or on the banks of lakes or rivers, transformed into atmospheric taverns for the public to enjoy regional specialities and conversations in a laid-back, welcoming environment.
Today, grottos are synonymous with Ticino gastronomy and attract both locals and visitors with a warm, family-friendly atmosphere and live music. Despite featuring on the tourist map, most have managed to retain the homely feel of the region’s past, serving hearty food made from seasonal produce using recipes passed down through generations.
There is nothing very fancy about it, and perhaps that is what makes it so special
“Eating at the grotto is like savouring your grandma’s cooking. Imagine a Ticinese grandmother wearing a poppy-print apron and bringing you food that’s flavourful, comforting and prepared with love. There is nothing very fancy about it, and perhaps that is what makes it so special,” Carminati said.
In addition to the many typical products produced in Ticino – such as nocino (a walnut liqueur), gazzosa (a semi-sweet carbonated drink made with Sfusati lemons that have been grown on the Amalfi Coast for more than 300 years) and pepe della Valle Maggia (pepper from the Maggia Valley) – expect to feast on traditional Ticinese delicacies like minestrone alla Ticinese (a soup with beans and vegetables), spezzatino (Italian beef stew), busecca alla Ticinese (tripe soup with garlic bread) and torta di pane (Swiss bread cake made from leftover bread and dried fruits).
“Through my grotto tours, I love introducing guests to authentic flavours and succulent dishes that are little known, but very important to the region,” said Rigiani.
During my time in Ticino, I visited various other grottos in and around the towns of Lugano, Locarno and Bellinzona.
The 400-year-old Grotto America, located on the banks of the Maggia river in the village of Ponte Brolla, not only offered homemade meals but also a glimpse into Ticino’s difficult past as an impoverished agricultural region. As I feasted on luganighetta con risotto (typical Ticino sausage served with risotto), I looked at old paintings and pictures on the walls that told the emigration stories of more than 30,000 Ticino natives who fled to California between 1850 and 1918 to escape the widespread poverty and unemployment in their homeland.
Antico Grotto Ticino, located in the town of Mendrisio was built more than a century ago. Its wine cellar is a hollowed-out calcareous rock that promises excellent conditions for storing large quantities of wine. Managed by Peter and Odette Raith, it was recently refurbished and has a menu featuring traditional recipes from Ticino, Lombardia and the surrounding area, such as luganighetta (grilled snails) with onions.
And from the outdoor terrace at the Grotto San Michele, which lies between the walls and vineyards of the medieval stronghold of Castelgrande. I took in the panoramic views over the roofs of Ticino’s capital city of Bellinzona. Slowly sipping a Ticino merlot, allowing its intense flavour to linger in my mouth, I came to understand that while the original purpose of the grotto may have changed, its social customs remain well-preserved.
For many locals, snacking on piquant Alpine cheese at a grotto while playing cards or boccia (a bowls game traditionally played at grottos), remains an ideal way to spend a Sunday. Favoured by both young and old, these ingenious structures, a blend of natural and human architecture, remain symbols of tradition, culture, conviviality and a sense of home.
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The life of the Queen and the violent legacy of the Crown
by Nate Morris
Queen Elizabeth II tribute in Sydney
Listen to this article here
For seventy years, Queen Elizabeth II ruled the United Kingdom through some of the most tumultuous periods of its history. The longest ruling female leader the world has ever known, news of the Queen’s loss spread rapidly around the globe. As words of praise and sadness poured in from leaders, so too did words of criticism and contempt. Queen Elizabeth II’s legacy has been shaped, at least in part, by the long and often sordid history of the monarchy itself.
Through seven decades on the throne, the Queen strived to change the monarchy while simultaneously fighting to maintain it. At the age of 25 when she assumed the throne, the decolonization of the British empire had begun. Between 1946 and 1951, the modern day nations of India, Pakistan, Israel, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Libya all declared independence from the crown. In the decades since, dozens more have followed suit.
While most efforts to secede from Britain were met with little resistance, some fights for independence were met with brutal force.
In 1952, the same year Elizabeth became queen, the Mau Mau uprising began in Kenya. Kenyan nationals formed the Kenya Land and Freedom Army (KFLA) to fight against European settlers for control of their country. Their efforts were hampered by British efforts to keep groups divided in order to maintain power. Over the course of eight years, the KFLA fought for freedom but were met with fierce pushback from British forces. In total Britain spent over $55 million and claimed more than 11,000 KFLA lives in its quest to maintain power.
This history of violence to maintain colonialism in Black and brown countries still haunts British history. And no part of British government holds as much of the weight for that history than the crown itself.
Queen Elizabeth II’s legacy carries the weight of colonialism and oppression
It is impossible for any leader to rule for seven decades without accruing a complicated and difficult legacy. For a Queen who leads an empire rooted in colonialism, that legacy will undoubtedly include generations of pain and trauma.
Of the 195 countries in the world, only 22 have never experienced an invasion by Great Britain. The reach of the British Empire has extended across every continent (including Antarctica). At one point, nearly 40% of the African continent was under British rule.
In 1663, the British government – with Royal approval – initiated the “trans-Atlantic slave trade.” For more than a century and a half, Britain reduced the humanity of people across the African continent to commodities, kidnapping them, forcing them into bondage and sending them on an horrific journey across the Atlantic to the American colonies.
Over 3.4 million people had their freedom stripped from them by British leaders, including the direct ancestors of Queen Elizabeth II. Upon news of her death, the Economic Freedom Fighters (a South African political party) issued a statement that reverberated across social media. The statement read in part:
“We do not mourn the death of Elizabeth, because to us her death is a reminder of a very tragic period in this country and in Africa’s history.”
And while some point out that Elizabeth herself “did not colonize any nation” but rather “oversaw the largest period of decolonization in history,” the larger context remains key.
Though the Queen often advocated for human rights, the monarchy ultimately failed to confront its own role in worldwide colonialism. It was not Elizabeth or the royals who worked to decolonize nations and grant them independence. Instead, that fight came from the people long oppressed by British rule.
In the wake of her death, the world grapples with celebrating the vibrant life of the Monarch, while confronting the violent legacy of the Monarchy
The Queen was thrust onto the throne at just twenty five years of age. The young woman who would just be old enough to legally rent a car in modern America found herself leading a nation still reeling from war.
She was only the sixth woman to rule the nation in its more than 1,000 year history. And in these last 70 years, she found herself ruling on the cusp of immense change within her country. Elizabeth assumed a sense of unwavering duty to the crown and to the customs of the monarchy at a time when British approval for the crown diminished significantly.
Elizabeth often found herself defending the lavish budget of the royal family in times of economic strife for the British people.
As she attempted to protect the institution behind the crown, she also fought not to disappear behind its veil herself. She maintained a warmth and an honesty that defined her time on the throne.
Now, in the wake of her passing, the world must parse between honoring the caring woman who was Queen and dismantling the oppressive foundations of the monarchy she upheld.
The Queen sometimes bucked tradition in the face of friendship and on matters of principle
The Queen often broke from protocol during interactions with world leaders who had become friends. In one visit with South African President Nelson Mandela, it’s rumored the two greeted each other with a joke.
“Elizabeth! You’ve lost weight!” Mandela reportedly told the Queen. “Thank you, Nelson,” the Queen retorted, “you don’t look so bad yourself.”
In another story of the Queen’s authenticity, Her Majesty broke from the a-political nature of her role in a fight with Margaret Thatcher.
In the Summer of 1986, forty-nine nations agreed to a barrage of sanctions against South Africa for the government’s ongoing practice of apartheid. The British government, lead by Thatcher, was the only holdout.
Queen Elizabeth II was reportedly incensed by Thatcher’s disapproval of the sanctions, finding it “lacking compassion” and “uncaring.” The Queen’s views were so apparent to staff that one aide gave an anonymous quote to The Sunday Times, a London newspaper.
The revelation of the Queen’s open dissatisfaction with the Prime Minister was a startling break from longstanding norms. However, shortly after the publication of the article, the Queen reportedly called Thatcher to profusely apologize.
According to The Sunday Times, Elizabeth “could not imagine how the story came to be circulated.” The Queen went on to assert that the article “bears no relation to the truth as I understand it.”
Her Majesty’s passing leaves behind lessons on the cost of silence
This last story, perhaps, most succinctly encapsulates the fraught reality of Queen Elizabeth II’s reign.
She was a woman whose heart often guided her toward love and affection for those around her. And, at the same time, she saw serving her country by protecting the institution of the monarchy as her utmost responsibility.
So much so that even with the most powerful voice in the world, she often sought safety in silence.
The institution of the monarchy envelopes the royal family in order to cast an image of perfection. But responsibility for the nation’s sins runs through the royal bloodline and the stains of its history are not simply washed away with the passing of the crown.
And so for all of her warmth, all her wit and all her wisdom, not even Elizabeth could escape her responsibility for the system of colonialism her family created.
Nor could she avoid the reality that at the end of her life it may be her moments of silence that ultimately speak the loudest.
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Posts posted by david1111
1. Just now, Blacko said:
Yeah they get it into their heads that they can change them into nice people. The amount of women who comment on how good looking Ted Bundy was and how intelligent he had been.. he was a sick fucker who snapped little girls necks like a twig and abandoned their dead bodies.. they shouldn’t give these sick bastards airtime.
Yeah mate. They are given a strange notoriety
• Agree 1
2. 2 minutes ago, Blacko said:
It’s funny that women are drawn to watching documentaries on these sick fuckers, my stepdaughter is the same watching documentaries on Bundy, Gacey etc.. all these serial killers are sick cowards who usually kill defenceless women or children.
Some women even want to marry them. What's that all about
• Like 1
3. 41 minutes ago, Chrissy_M said:
Dahmer – Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story: Netflix
Absolutely shocking stuff. I'm on episode 4 and will probably try and finish it by tomorrow if I can 😔
I'm probably going to watch that at some point.
4. 6 minutes ago, philinvicta said:
According to the Racing Post it was due out yesterday but if you read the article you might not bother
Oh really. It must be delayed then. I've not read racing post, but a bad review I guess
5. On 21/09/2022 at 12:13, david1111 said:
This 4 part documentary starts on Amazon 23rd September.
Should be an interesting watch
This was advertised to start yesterday but I cant find it. Has anyone looked
6. 5 minutes ago, philinvicta said:
I think OP thought that the payments would come out over the same time as he spent them eg deposited over 3 weeks and they would come out over 3 weeks and not all to hit at once
Yeah, it's not good what's happened, but not having a grip on your bank account is no defense for any retribution
• Agree 1
7. 9 minutes ago, Bangers said:
It wouldn't be the first thread on here someone has gambled money BUT wasn't counting as they went
If I had spent £300 I would remember and definitely if it hadn't gone out of my bank account.
I agree with big bucks. I think op thought he'd got away with it and was pissed off when it eventually hit his account
8. 2 minutes ago, Bangers said:
They've all been hit at some stage with massive fines but they means nothing to companies like that David
I've been in my house from new and moved in over 20 years ago, not once have I ever paid a bill online
My payment choice is paper bills
I've always refused a smart meter telling them the day they MUST fit it etc is the day I'll move providers, total con / joke are smart meters and I've never bought into them.
Smart is for them NOT US
I pay direct debit as it tends to be cheaper, but like you I don't want a smart meter.
• Like 1
9. 3 minutes ago, Bangers said:
My old mum was with npower, I deal with most of my mums bills and npower were really poor to deal with, we were able to leave around 2018
She was with a company called Bristol Energy and I couldn't fault them, but they went bust a short while back so now she's with Scottish Gas / British gas
So far they've been ok
I've spoke about Scottish Power in this thread long ago and they drive me insane, I only use my online account with them purely to upload reading when I get an email from them, that's it, after that I just need the paper bill sending to me for payment.
But after i upload the readings I always get a follow up email about 7 days later saying .................Dear Mr Bangers your bills are now ready for payment
I then need to send them an email asking for paper bills, all was fine with Scottish Power until about 5 -6 years ago, then they went right off a cliff
I used to be with Scottish Power. I found them ok tbh. With eon now and they seem fine
10. 32 minutes ago, LSutton2703 said:
I was just wondering if anyone has had this issue. Basically I've been on Dam Slots a while and it's been fine. Expect I logged onto online banking last week and a ton of withdrawals were all taken the same day making me nearly £300 overdrawn! When looking at these transactions some are showing to be as far back as a month (I. E. Transaction date 25 July, withdrawal date 25 August). I always get a notification from my online banking when I put money on the site so why would they suddenly come out all together on this random date? I have asked for a list of all payments in together with date of transaction and date payment was taken. But they are being very vague and unhelpful.
If anyone could advise I'd be very grateful.
Even if the deposits are delayed going out of your account they should still be under pending and taken off you're available balance
• Like 1
• Agree 1
11. 13 minutes ago, philinvicta said:
When I moved in to my flat it had a prepay meter in it . I managed to have it removed and replaced by a normal meter. I also had a gas cooker . Even though they replaced the meter and gave me a copy of the paperwork I never got a bill in 6 years. All I ever paid was around 8 pounds a qtr for gas . I sold the flat and never heard a thing about the electric bill !
The idea of getting a bill and not paying it will just lead to trouble. Even if millions do not pay they will just work their way through them one at a time as they are a utility and have a duty to shareholders and it will just ,mean people end up with a large electric bill with a load of legal charges added. They also will not hesitate to send in bailiffs to collect once they get a judgement against you.
I suggest people struggling really go to that Citizens advice page I listed as it listed several ways to get money towards your bills including rates rebates and a warm home allowance as well as the 400 which as @MrUKHackz says is spread over a number of months at 66/67 per month. People on lower incomes really need to make sure they are getting all benefits they are allowed as well, The amount of money that people are entitled to that they do not claim each year runs in to the billions
Anyone can easily go on the gov check benefits site and it will tell you what you may be entitled to.
Wouldn't let me copy the link for some reason
12. 10 minutes ago, MrUKHackz said:
I noticed someone has spray painted a huge #DONTPAY with an anarchy sign in yellow on a wall locally.
I'm more shocked someone in the village knows what Twitter is!
A few years ago I was with npower and they failed to send me a bill for nearly 18 months although I kept chasing them.
Eventually they sent a bill and although it was their fault I still had to pay. I had to set up a payment plan and it took me 3 years to pay it off.
You can't just not pay as they will come to get you
13. 43 minutes ago, philinvicta said:
The costs of red tape will mean it is just as cheap to give it to everyone it will also mean those that need it can get the help straight away and it will mean that all people who need it will get it without somebody making an admin error so somebody who needs it misses out. I was surprised she was talking tax cuts with the amount of money that needs to be found for expenditure. I doubt many of those who say it is wrong that people who do not need it get it and are most likely the people that will not need it will donate it to a charity that will help people in need of help.
I do get that, but just giving it to everyone isn't a level playing field. Yes the red tape may cost more but at least the money would be spread out more proportionally to whoever needs it more and how much they qualify for.
I don't know if they still do the winter fuel allowance but I knew quite a few people who simply didn't need it and used the money towards Christmas.
What she is proposing is costing 90 billion so tax cuts as you say would be surprising
14. 12 minutes ago, MrUKHackz said:
I just read what our new PM has apparently proposed and personally it feels like a big weight has been lifted off my shoulders, I've been shitting myself about the price rise due in October and then the next one in January and if she does indeed freeze it at a cap of £2500 per annum plus the £66 a month help for 6 months from October then I applaud her.
I'm not massively into politics so that's an uneducated opinion of course, but I am on the ground with the regular folk and we often have chats in the village club about our worries for the near future, it was also going to pretty much close down the majority of businesses from what I read, especially in my village, the shop my Mrs works for had spoke of there concern about the energy price and if they could afford to stay open and trade after Christmas so this news is a huge relief to my family.
That is good news. God knows how that will be paid for going forward, but right now it's now that matters.
• Agree 1
15. 9 minutes ago, philinvicta said:
It is also being reported that the sales of back up generators are up 250% on last year due to people panicking over electricity black outs here in Ireland
Christ, it's like racketeering.
I heard liz truss is already being slated for her proposal to deal with it in as much that help will go to people who don't need it.
Any money must go to the people who need it most which brings in means testing which is a nightmare in itself to administer, but you simply can't allow children to suffer and elderly allowed to die for the fear of keeping warm
• Like 1
16. 5 minutes ago, Solario333 said:
Ive hit it twice now . I couldn't get a sausage recently then all of a sudden ....bonuses !! all at 20/40p !!
Possibly the stake does make a difference as to what you can hit. As you know I used to play at £2 and above so maybe a potential 10x at that stake would not be possible as we all know the slots are programmed to only pay a particular amount at a particular time
• Like 1
17. 1 minute ago, Solario333 said:
Yes twice £116 before times 10 then £82 at the times 10 !!
That is very good. When I used to play if ever I got to x2 it would be all dead spins. Never hit the x10
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The Sunday Salon ~ Guaranteed Job-Winning Interview
The Sunday
I’ve been travelling through space and time a lot this week. I’ve been to the desert planet of Arrakis, 8000 years into the future. I’ve been to late 19th century England and Narnia (again) to watch the world’s beginning and the entrance of evil before it was even 5 hours old. And now, I’ve just returned from a frightening not-to-distant future United States. Oddly enough, they have more in common than just time.
In all three books, Dune, The Magician’s Nephew, and Fahrenheit 451, there is oppressive rulers and the reaching into the minds of people to control their very thoughts. With Dune, the Bene Gesserit wish to control who gets knowledge and sight, who marries whom, and even what sex a child will be. The Harkonnens and Sardukars viciously hunt and kill the Fremen in a pogrom, because the Fremen are independent and refuse to kiss the perverse butts of the disgusting Harkonnen “rulers.”
With The Magician’s Nephew, the Witch destroyed her own world in a bid to control it and take the throne from her sister, using the deplorable word to kill all life except the one who speaks it. Then she tries to take over England, but without her magic, she’s just a violent nutter on a thieving rampage. Once in Narnia, however, she’ll hide and bide her time… then make the move to enslave and opress the land for her own pleasure.
Fahrenheit 451, though, is the one I’ve most recently finished, so the thoughts about it are still tumbling around.
The fun thing with Fahrenheit 451 is that it’s been on Mt. TBR since before there was a Mt. TBR, way back when it was just an “I’m gonna read that soon” pile, when there were maybe 20 books on that pile. I have NO idea how many books are on Mt. TBR now. Library Thing says I have catalogued almost 1000 books, but some of those are books I’ve read, or books I’ve mooched away and NOT read. I have tagged 493 books either unread or TBR, but I’ve gotten lazy and haven’t been tagging any of the books I add, so I’d say Mt. TBR is well over 300 books (simply “unread” don’t count as TBR books).
So, some of my thoughts on Fahrenheit 451…
One of the things that Guy Montag has to do is to decide which book he’ll sacrifice. Captain Beatty knows he took a book and tells him if he turns it in within 24 hours, it’ll be forgiven. Montag’s not sure if Beatty knows he has one book, a hundred books or which title, so he figures if he brings him one book, any book, he’ll pass without suspicion. But how can he choose? He decides not to turn over the last known surviving copy of The Bible, which was a funny moment with his wife, who asked him: Which is more important, me or that book? Der, easy answer…
*SORTA SPOILER ALERT* After running from the police, Montag finds a group of men hobo’ing who have memorized a chapter of a book, or even entire books, and burned the hard copies, and now wait for a time when society will return to it’s senses and want literature again. They half-jokingly introduce themselves as the particular book title, i.e. “Hi! I am Plato’s Republic, and Simmons is Marcus Aurelius.” Knowing how the statement “I am” is an affirmation, and also that the more you say it, the more it takes hold and becomes a truth about you, I wonder who they’ll be in 20 years. Their personalities, and such.
In Fahrenheit 451, Mildred, Montag’s wife, is very attached to her “family,” the people on the television. These “relatives” yell at each other, call each other names, act the fool, and are otherwise “entertaining”. They have a device that allows the owner to hear their own name in messages and shows, and the picture is even adjusted to make the actor’s lips appear to say the name. So that for her, the announcer says, “Mrs. Montag, wouldn’t you love to try Denham’s Dentifrice?” And their living room, or parlor room, has wall-sized screens (remember, this was written in the late 40’s – early 50s), and when you had all 4 of your wall-screens installed, it would be just like being in the show… surrounded by your “family”. Creepy! and sad…
Clarisse McClellen is the oddball neighbor that sets Montag’s feet on the road of awakening. She tells him of how kids her age frighten her. They enjoy killing each other and themselves and destroying things. They go to the “amusement park” and break windows in “Vandalism Town” or drag race legally, as long as they have enough insurance they can destroy whatever they want.
One of Mrs. Montag’s friends tells how she thinks it was nice having kids, and she does her best to accommodate them the 3 days out of a month she has them (the rest of the time they’re away at school… grade schoolers, btw). She just plopped them down in the parlor with the “relatives” as soon as they got home from the hospital. But, she doesn’t know why they hate her. Hmm…
And now for something completely random and different (because the vid clip I wanted to post is embedding disabled).
So, If you had to sacrifice one of your books to save the rest, which one would go into the fire?
I’d be tossing the Babysitter’s Club ones… maybe the stray Captain Underpants one I think’s somewhere around here. The Reader’s Digest condensed books could be chucked, too… if they’re still here.
If you were one of the books (which was the vid clip, btw… Montag meeting the Books), what book would you be and why?
It’s a book I’d re-read mentally and recite every day… it’d become a part of me and eventually I’d become that book to an extent…. I think I’d pick the book of Proverbs (Montag was the Book of Ecclesiastes) because it’s wisdom. Everything you need to know about dealing with people, living life, psychology… everything…. is in Proverbs.
Your turn! What book would you sacrifice? Which would you be? Why?
Dexter in the Dark by Jeff Lindsay
Title: Dexter in the Dark
Author: Jeff Lindsay
Paperback: 302 pages
Publish Date: 2007
ISBN: 9780307276735
Dexter in the Darkby Jeff Lindsay, pages 5-7
The Yiddish Policemen’s Union by Michael Chabon
Title: The Yiddish Policemen’s Union
Author: Michael Chabon
Soft Cover: 411 pages
Publisher: Harper Perennial
Publish Date: 2007
ISBN: 9780007149834
Miscellaneous: This is a P.S. edition
The Yiddish Policemen’s Union by Michael Chabon, page 1.
This first paragraph of Michael Chabon’s book about Jews living in the Federal District of Sitka as an interim homeland after Israel failed after three months of Statehood in the alternate timeline of The Yiddish Policemen’s Union. Now, as the Sitka District is two months from reverting back to the control of the state of Alaska, homicide detective Meyer Landsman, occupant of room 505 of the Zamenhof, a hotel that’s only half a step up from a flea bag flop house, is called on by the night manager to investigate the murder of a man in room 208. It is apparent from the start that the man is not who he claims to be, and the only clues Landsman has is the bullet hole in the man’s head, a chessboard in mid game, a book of 300 chess moves and the evidence of heroin abuse.
Throughout the book, the reader is able to see and feel the inside world of a Jewish community. With it’s humor and sprinkling of Yiddish words and phrases, The Yiddish Policemen’s Union begins as a murder mystery but spreads to include the prejudices not only from the outside world, but those within the sects and families within the Jews of the Sitka District and outlying areas, and the political manipulations going on from Washington, D.C. and the Sitka bosses.
As a murder mystery, The Yiddish Policemen’s Union is good, but what I really loved about the book was its use of the game of chess as a metaphor and to foreshadow the events in the story. The use of strategies and tactics to reveal the nature of the characters. And it is the game that was forever stop mid-play in the dead man’s room that ultimately leads to the capture and confession of the killer.
Besides chess, murder, and Jewish culture, the book deals with the universal nature of a child’s desire for the approval and acceptance from his or her parents, even when that child is a burly man in his thirties and a father himself. Homosexuality, drug use, alcoholism, and the supernatural all make appearances in The Yiddish Policemen’s Union.
While I did enjoy this book, I have to say I had hoped it would be more compelling. I reached the end of the book with the sadness often felt at the departure from the world and people within the covers. The book didn’t really impress me much, and it will probably be forgotten in six months. I give The Yiddish Policemen’s Union by Michael Chabon 3 out of 5 stars. It was good but not great, interesting but not a page-turner.
hated it!didn't like itliked itLoved it!
Booking Through Thursday -Doomsday
Booking Through Thursday
Whether it’s a local book shop, your town library, or an Internet shop … what would you do if, suddenly, they were out of business? Devastatingly, and with no warning? Where would you go for books instead? What would you do? If it was a local business you would try to help out the owners? Would you just calmly start buyingfrom some other store? Visit the library in the next town instead? Would it be devastating? Or just a blip in your reading habit?
Let’s see… my favorite place to go for books is the Internet. Requesting ARCs and reviewer copies from the Publishers and authors and accepting them from the same, as well. When it comes to the idea of the Internet suddenly going out of business, I think I’m safe. Barring the EMP that results from nuclear war, I don’t think I have to worry about the ‘net going away without warning.
HOWEVER, if I don’t pay my bill, I could lose my access at home. Mild withdraw might ensue (probably wouldensue), but there is still the library’s computer farm. One hour a day, surrounded by pimply-faced, obnoxiously loud teenagers whose favorite phrases are, “dude! that’s so gay,” and “you’re an F-ing A-hole (without the hyphens.. you know what I mean)”, and whose favorite site is YouTube. These little “patrons” are why our local library had to hire an off-duty police officer to patrol the library, but that is a rant for another day.
Back to the question at hand… in the interest of full participation, I’m going to use a more likely scenario. What if Borders suddenly, and without warning, shut down my Waldenbooks? That would seriously suck. I would be forced to troll the Wal-mart book rack for the new releases (have you seen their “selection”?), or pay full sticker at the grocery store… YIKES! I ain’t paid $30 for a new book since college! I get pissy about it if I have to pay $15 (like Kafka on the Shore, which I still have not read, and I think I had a coupon for THAT, too. I would be forced to waiting and hoping for it to pop up on BookMooch or PBS, and now with the new reserve system on BM I might never see one.
Thanks for this question…. now I’ll have nightmares for a week. My one consolation is that Mt. TBR would keep me in the read for a year or so, long enough for a Books-a-million to move to town (not likely, since there’s a store 30 minutes away, and people in my town will drive there).
Don’t forget to sign up to win a $20 Borders gift card!
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Is Disney Building A Theme Park In Texas? | News & Rumors
Rumors have swirled for years about The Walt Disney Company building a new theme park in the state of Texas.
Many years ago Disney actually was researching land and communities throughout Texas that may have been suitable to build a theme park near, but what became of this research?
In this guide we'll detail Disney's plans to build a theme park in Texas as well as the latest news and rumors surrounding what actually might be happening in Texas... if anything at all!
Sleeping Beauty Castle at Disneyland
Why Would Disney Build a Theme Park in Texas?
There are three main reason reasons Disney would build a theme park in Texas:
• Weather
• Central Location
• Business Friendly Policies
The weather in most of Texas is warm throughout the year and generally sunny similar to the weather in Florida where Walt Disney World is located.
While parts of Texas are susceptible to snow, freezes and floods, there are large areas of Texas that do avoid the more extreme weather events and would make for generally good weather to operate a theme park year round.
The second reason Disney would build a theme park in Texas is because of Texas's central location in the United States.
Pirates of the Carribean entrance surrounded by trees
Texas is located more or less in the middle of the United States and would make a theme park very accessible to those in the Great Plains region of the United States.
Some may argue that this would cannibalize attendance at Disneyland and Disney World because residents of this region don't mind traveling to Florida or California, but there is a large portion of the population who might consider a Disney vacation if it was a bit closer to home.
The final reason why Disney would build a theme park in Texas is because of Texas's very pro-business and business friendly state policies.
Texas has some of the lowest business taxes in the country, as well as minimal business regulations and no individual income tax, which at least financially, makes doing business very attractive to big companies like Disney.
Disneyland railroad building on Main Street
Is Disney Building a Theme Park in Texas?
At this time Disney is not building a theme park in Texas.
While there have been rumors and rumblings about Disney moving to Texas because of pro-business state financial policies, Disney is not currently in the process of moving to Texas.
Disney has two massively successful resorts on both coasts of the United States with expansion plans in place, so building an entirely new theme park in Texas doesn't appear to be in the cards with the amount of money being invested in the existing theme parks.
While Walt Disney World and Disneyland may feel more crowded than ever, Disney is focused on expanding these locations rather than adding a new location which may take considerably more time, money and planning.
Jungle Cruise entrance sign at Disneyland
Disney Texas Theme Park News & Rumors!
We've listed some of the most popular Disney Texas news and rumors below as well as details on what is and isn't actually in the works.
• Is Disney building a theme park in Texas?
As of 2022, Disney has no plans to build a theme park in Texas.
• Is Disney relocating their headquarters to Texas?
Disney is not relocating their headquarters to Texas. Even plans to relocate a large amount of additional employees from California to Florida have been put on pause, so it appears Disney is staying put in California and Florida for a long time.
• Is Disney moving Disneyland to Texas?
No. Doing so would cost Disney hundreds of millions of dollars and is impossible to relocate rides, buildings and other structures.
• Is Disneyland closing?
No, business at Disneyland is very strong and The Walt Disney Company continues to show a desire to invest in and expand the Disneyland Resort.
How to Get a Reservation at Club 33
Is Disneyland or Disney World Bigger?
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Sports Betting Regulations In The US
US sports betting rules are quickly evolving. Despite the fact that sports wagering has long been a popular pastime in the United States, many people believe it to be illegal in most states. However, the US Supreme Court invalidated the 1992 Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA) on May 14, 2018, allowing states to develop their own sports wagering businesses. This was previously the case. States no longer have a monopoly on the legalization of sports betting in the United States, and Nevada (particularly Las Vegas). Many others have already done so.
Sports betting is still illegal in the United States, despite all of these encouraging developments, one has to read to know why. Both the Interstate Wire Act of 1961 and the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act (UIGEA) of 2006 are still in place. Both regulations only apply to gambling providers having a physical presence in the United States, so gamblers may continue to play without fear of repercussions. These prohibitions will definitely change and be removed if sports betting becomes more generally accepted in American society. Gambling is legal in the United States, but it’s a good idea to familiarize yourself with the regulations that govern it. After all, knowledge is power.
Texas US
Texas, the most populous state in the South, has yet to legalize sports betting. In 2022 and also this year, lawmakers made attempts to legalize Texas sports gambling without success. In light of the governor’s election in Texas, there’s renewed hope for next year.
Despite the fact that sports betting is still illegal in Texas, this hasn’t stopped the state’s residents from partaking in the activity. According to BasketBallinsiders, it is permissible in Texas to wager on sporting events using a website that is located outside the state. If this is your first journey into virtual sports gambling, this source provides a comprehensive overview of the best online sportsbooks and other resources.
The Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA) was passed into law in 1992 and has been in effect ever since. This law has been the single significant hurdle for American sports bettors in the past. To put it another way, PASPA let Nevada keep its one-game sports wagering monopoly. Considering how popular US sports betting has become, it was a complete financial failure. Legislation destroyed Atlantic City and Biloxi. PASPA is also anticipated to cost the federal government $400-500 billion in taxable expenditures each year. PASPA was the most blatant blunder in US sports betting regulations.
Only 1% to 3% of the total sports betting volume was placed in Nevada under this law. The remaining funds were placed on the underground market or in online sportsbooks. Since its debut four years ago, sports betting has been authorized in over half of the United States. These cases show how difficult it was for many states to comply with this federal law.
U.S. banking institutions are prohibited from receiving payments connected to internet gambling by the 2006 UIGEA, which was signed into law in 2006. “Restricted transactions,” as defined by the SAFE Port Act of 2006, require banks and other payment processors to keep an eye out for “authorized payments,” including those made through credit cards and bank transfers. The UIGEA has made it more difficult to use your Visa or MasterCard to finance an online betting account. Deposits are handled more rapidly at certain sportsbooks than others. In addition to the UIGEA, federal restrictions on sports gambling protect individual sports bettors from the UIGEA as well.
“Illegal Internet gambling” is not affected by the UIGEA, contrary to common assumption. Online offshore sportsbooks are not illegal bookies, thus most of their wagering can’t be categorized as criminal.
By using Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, bettors may fund their accounts and receive winnings without ever having to use a financial institution on either end. In doing so, it undermines the legal system. Legislation that fails to address actual issues, such as the UIGEA, should serve as a cautionary lesson for politicians all over the world to follow in their footsteps. There are a couple of ways to get around this: You may try again in a few minutes, or you can switch to an Internet Visa Prepaid or Gift Card. US sports betting restrictions are often credited for the rise of Bitcoin, according to commentators.
In What Ways May US Sports Betting Change In The Future?
For decades, American sports fans have enjoyed the anticipation and excitement of an approaching game/event like a March Madness clash of the Super Bowl. But as sports betting becomes more widely available on different social and digital platforms, this anticipation and enthusiasm may rise to a new level.
Various major broadcasts, as well as the newest marketing methods that may be featured ahead of such an illustrious event, such as various billboards or advertising throughout the game, have already become more familiar to sports betting fans.
After the Supreme Court of the United States knocked down the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act in 2018, New Jersey became the first state to start an online sports betting market. Before that, legal sports betting in the United States was almost non-existent outside of Las Vegas.
This historic ruling made it possible for any state to allow and regulate betting on sports in whichever manner they deem appropriate. Since then, things have moved along at a rapid pace.
As of February 2021, there are twenty states plus the District of Columbia that allow for some sort of legally sanctioned sports betting. There are five other states that have legalized sports betting but have not yet begun operating their markets. Two of these states, Washington and North Carolina, are among the largest in the US.
Some legal markets, like New York, have had their growth impeded by restrictions placed on the alternatives available for online betting, while other major markets, such as California, Texas, and Ohio, continue to operate in the shadows for the time being. Nevertheless, even less-developed markets are making progress toward a launch.
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In their official page on Facebook( KNUST), the names of the students are mentioned in addition with the offense and its accompanying punishment they each committed.
The first person who is known to be Rexford Joseph Bonney, has been rusticate for two academic years for engaging in an unauthorised installation of the Odikro of Unity Hall.
The second person known as Baffour Owusu Konadu, has also been rusticated for a whole academic year for gross misconduct and bringing the name of the school into disrepute.
Patrick Dwmena Sekyere who happens to be the third person on the list, has been served with an indefinite suspension for extorting money from some students with the promise of securing an accommodation for them.
Lastly, Dwumah Ramsay Osei-Tutu, the fourth suspect on the list, has faced a total dismissal from the school for stealing two laptops from the school’s main library on different occasions.
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https://thenewgh.com/2021/08/26/knust-authorities-metes-out-severe-punishments-to-3-students-dismisses-1-person/
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Denver (1/6/2013)
Even though I was totally exhausted and barely awake, getting into Denver still felt especially exciting- it’s the only other place I’ve ever “lived in” in the last 10 years besides Lynchburg. I was excited for the skateboarding, excitied to see the 16th st mall, excited to see The Rockies whiter than I’d ever seen them, excited to be back in the promised land of my younger days. This marked the first time I’d been there in Winter, after seeing it in Spring over Spring break with CliffnKyle; in Summer with Kyle in 2010 and 2011; and in Fall, when me and josh stayed there for a month. I’m not against living there, by the end of 2 days, I was totally ready to just move into Greg’s house and take over his room when he goes back to VA in a couple days, and I wouldn’t be surprised if I end up there some time in the future.
The first thing we did when we got to the house was wake up Trevor, who I’d skated with a lot in Lynchburg, when he was going to LC. Next, we crammed him into the trunk and went to a little diner that had a great veggie burger- although I felt like shit, hungover, in a way, from energy drinks and sleep deprivation. When we got back to the house Greg went to sleep. I didn’t know if I could, and ended up parking the jeep at the Denver park and walking to 16th St.
I walked and road the free bus thing all the way down to the capitol, where Occupy Denver was, and back. It was weird, having not been there for over a year. It hasn’t felt like a whole year has gone by, and it didn’t seem like it. Everything was pretty much the same. with the exception of some construction progress, it could’ve been a month since I left in November 2011. I stopped in the Barnes and Noble, where I’d bought a couple survival books before hiking 6 days on The CDT, and Shock Doctrine, a couple hours before witnessing DPD evict the Occupy camp. I decided on a book about the music industry. Its funny how my focus changes…
That evening I got back to Trevor and their housemate, Bob, excitedly building a hydroponic set up for their completely legal weed plants. It was pretty fricken cool, to be honest. Their other roommate got beat up by a stripper the night before. I just had to add that… we sat around and drank the rest of the night. I met a bunch of really cool people, and was seriously considering just staying there- I had enough money to live in that house for at least 2 months, and I was in the middle of a sick little skater/music/art/traveler community.
If there were ever a house anywhere else in the world that I would compare to Clay St, that house was it. Completely.
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Ranju Ki Betiyaan- Guddu Ji gave Lalita a divorce?
Published: Jul 8, 2021, 6:05 pm IST
Mumbai, Shanti Devi is waiting for Shalu and Vishesh. Ranju meanwhile makes all the preparations as Shalu was going to come home as a newly married women. When she arrives, everyone gets very excited and Ranju mentions how Shalu was glowing after marriage. At the same time, Guddu Ji and Bhuvan also come back home. Everyone is shocked to see them. Guddu Ji goes to Ranju and thanks her for saving his life.
Later, Guddu Ji takes permission from Shanti Devi as he had some very important work to finish. He leaves from there and heads to Lalita Niwas. Seeing him there Lalita gets very happy and couldn’t stop crying. She assumes that Guddu Ji is back for her. Guddu Ji hands over the divorce papers and tells that he doesn’t want to stay with her anymore. He leaves from there in anger and goes back to Ranju’s house.
Lalita breaks down, while Lucky and Vicky take care of her. She tells them that she will not forgive Guddu Ji and would completely destroy Ranju\’s life. After reaching home, Guddu Ji informs Shanti Devi that he has given Lalita a divorce and wants to stay here with everyone.
– What revenge will Lalita take now?
– How would Ranju and family react after Guddu Ji’s decision?
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Friends, Family… Meet Prepping
Friends, Family… Meet Prepping
If the rollercoaster year of 2020 taught us anything, it’s that people who prep aren’t as crazy as they’re made out to be. The idea of prepping is still easily misinterpreted though, and introducing it to your family and friends can be difficult. Talking to them about prepping needs to be done with care. Here’s how:
The first element to remember when introducing your family and friends to the world of prepping is to do so gradually. If you overwhelm them with ideas and facts about prepping, they’re less likely to take to the idea.
In the beginning, it’s probably best to avoid talking about national or global disasters such as nuclear warfare or an electromagnetic pulse (EMP) attack. Keep it at a local level; discuss current events and what could be done to prepare for disasters others are facing.
Explain to your family and friends why you prepare and why they should as well. 2020 gave plenty of examples as to why everyone should become a prepper: civil unrest, unstable world economies and a global pandemic.
Children should be involved with prepping as well. After all, they will benefit from learning survival skills as well. For help, check out our article on how you can teach your kids about survival.
Have you tried talking to your friends and family about prepping? How did it go? Reply to your email and let us know, we would love to hear from you!
Copyright 2021,
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Where are Mexico's top 10 drug lords now?
President Enrique Peña Nieto's government has made a string of high-profile arrests. But many gang leaders remain at large.
MEXICO CITY — When President Enrique Peña Nieto took power at the end of 2012, counternarcotics agents quietly voiced concern that he wouldn't go after the major cartel kingpins. But less than two years into his mandate, Mexican security forces have caught or killed the heads of most major cartels, shaking up the drug-trafficking world.
The latest arrest came on Oct. 9, when federal police and soldiers stopped a car carrying none other than Vicente Carrillo Fuentes, known as "The Viceroy." He's blamed for heading the Juarez cartel during a brutal war with the Sinaloa cartel that claimed thousands of lives in Ciudad Juarez, across the border from El Paso, Texas.
Despite the takedowns, Mexico continues to face major gang violence. Just last month, officials discovered a series of mass graves in the southern city of Iguala. So far DNA testing of the badly burned remains has failed to match up with 43 students who recently disappeared there. The killers behind those graves are alleged to belong to an offshoot of the Beltran Leyva cartel, whose boss was also recently nabbed.
GlobalPost looks at which cartel capos have been taken down and which remain at large. Their alleged cartel allegiances and crimes are detailed in indictments and charges, although they have not yet been convicted following the recent arrests.
Taken down
1. Miguel Angel Treviño
Alias: Z40
Head of Zetas cartel
Peña Nieto's first major narco arrest came seven months into his mandate in July 2013. Miguel Angel Treviño, 43, was head of the Zetas, responsible for many of the worst massacres and atrocities in Mexico's drug war. He also laundered money into the United States in stables with award-winning racehorses. Officials arrested him in the middle of the night without firing a shot, reportedly when he was visiting his newborn baby. Treviño is imprisoned in Mexico awaiting trial.
2. Joaquin Guzman
Alias: El Chapo (Shorty)
Head of the Sinaloa cartel
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The president's biggest prize of them all came in February, when Mexican marines nabbed Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman, a 5-foot-6-inch 57-year-old who was the most notorious living gangster on the planet. Guzman had been a hunted man since he escaped from a high-security prison in 2001 and was blamed for starting bloody turf wars all over Mexico, which led to a horrific spiral of violence. While on the lam, he married an 18-year-old beauty queen in 2007 and she gave birth to twins in a Los Angeles hospital. Despite being considered the "Public Enemy No. 1" in Chicago as well as Mexico, he was caught in an apartment in the seaside resort of Mazatlan with his wife and a single bodyguard. Guzman is in prison in Mexico, awaiting trial, while the United States has also filed an extradition request for him.
3. Nazario Moreno Gonzalez
Alias: El Mas Loco (The Craziest One), El Chayo,
Head of the Knights Templar
While still celebrating Guzman's arrest, in March news broke that Mexican marines had shot dead Nazario Moreno, 44, in the drug war-battered southwestern state of Michoacan. A huge force of vigilantes also hunted Moreno, who trafficked crystal meth, wrote his own bible and was venerated by his Knights Templar followers like a saint. His killing was an embarrassment to former President Felipe Calderon, under whom federal police also claimed they had shot "El Mas Loco" dead in 2010, although they never retrieved a body.
4. Luis Fernando Sanchez Arellano
Alias: El Ingeniero (The Engineer)
Head of the Tijuana cartel
The June arrest of Sanchez Arellano gained less international attention than some of the others but was an important takedown. Sanchez Arellano ran the Tijuana cartel, which controlled the valuable narco-trafficking route into San Diego, California. The Tijuana cartel was most infamous in the 1990s, inspiring the movie "Traffic," in which Sanchez Arellano's uncles are portrayed as the Obregon brothers. Sanchez Arellano was nabbed at a restaurant while watching the Mexico–Croatia World Cup soccer game. (Mexico won.) Sanchez Arellano is in prison in Mexico, awaiting trial.
5. Hector Beltran Leyva
Alias: "El H"
Head of the Beltran Leyva cartel
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While Hector Beltran Leyva sported nice suits and posed as an art dealer he was the head of a cartel blamed for brutal crimes, such as the massacre of the family of a marine at a wake. He also might have been linked to an attack on U.S. agents. Soldiers arrested Betran Leyva this October while he was eating seafood in the quaint town of San Miguel de Allende, the haunt of American expats and Hollywood stars. Beltran Leyva is in prison in Mexico, awaiting trial.
6. Vicente Carrillo Fuentes
Alias: The Viceroy
Head of the Juarez cartel
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Soldiers and federal police caught the Juarez cartel boss earlier this month in the midst of national outrage over the Iguala attack on students. Vicente Carrillo Fuentes inherited the cartel leadership from his brother, who was known as "Lord of the Skies" because of he used a fleet of Boeing 727 airliners to transport cocaine. He led a ruthless group of killers called La Linea and was also said to work with a US prison gang, the Barrio Azteca. More than 9,000 people were murdered in Ciudad Juarez between 2008 and 2012. Carrillo Fuentes is in prison in Mexico, awaiting initial proceedings.
Still out there
7. Ismael Zambada
Alias: El Mayo, (after an indigenous Sinaloan people), El Rey (The King), The MZ
Joint Head of the Sinaloa cartel
Ismael Zambada, at 66, is the oldest major drug lord and is reputed to be an old-school trafficker who prefers business to bloodshed. He's a longtime ally of Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman and while Chapo was internationally known, many Sinaloan gangsters actually profess their first loyalty to the capo known as "The King." In 2011, he appeared on the cover of Mexico's top news magazine Proceso after inviting its most famous journalist to a meeting in a secret location. In a brief interview, Zambada said he had been close to being arrested several times. The magazine sold out within hours of hitting the shelves.
8. Juan Jose Esparragoza
Alias: El Azul (Blue)
Joint Head of the Sinaloa cartel
Juan Jose Esparragoza has been careful about getting too much media notoriety, but is also considered a top-rank drug trafficker, and a contemporary of Zambada at 65 years old. His nickname, "El Azul" ("Blue"), is said to reflect the dark complexion of his skin.
9. Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes
Alias: El Mencho
Head of the Jalisco New Generation Cartel
Nemesio Oseguera is considered a rising star in the drug-trafficking world, controlling the strategic state of Jalisco in the heart of the country. In 2011 he headed death squads against the Zetas. The Jalisco cartel has historical links with the Sinaloans and is believed to work closely with them. However, Oseguera is originally from Michoacan state and the Jalisco cartel is also expanding there following the demise of the Knights Templar gang.
10. Servando Gomez
Alias: La Tuta, El Profe (The Teacher)
Head of the Knights Templar cartel
Servando Gomez was No. 2 to the late Nazario Moreno in charge of the Knights Templar gang. Now on top of the cartel famous for meth trafficking, he's considered less bloodthirsty than his late boss. He craves media attention and has given interviews to TV stations as well as releasing many of his own videos on YouTube. In some of those clips, he's shown with public officials, causing scandals that rock his Michoacan state. Gomez has managed to escape thousands of soldiers, police, and vigilantes combing Michoacan for him.
This article, by Ioan Grillo, originally appeared at GlobalPost.
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The Ottoman Empire (/ˈɒtəmən/; Ottoman Turkish: دولت عليه عثمانیه, Devlet-i ʿAlīye-i ʿOsmānīye, literally "The Exalted Ottoman State"; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti; French: Empire ottoman[20][6]; Persian: امپراتوری عثمانی, Imperātori e Osmāni), historically known to its inhabitants and the Eastern world as Rome (Rûm),[21][22] and known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire[23] or simply Turkey,[7][25] was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt (modern-day Bilecik Province) by the Oghuz Turkish tribal leader Osman I.[26] Although initially the dynasty was of Turkic origin, it was thoroughly Persianised in terms of language, culture, literature and habits.[27][28][29][30] After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe, and with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the 1453 conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed the Conqueror.[31]
During the 16th and 17th centuries, at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent,[32] the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling most of Southeast Europe, parts of Central Europe, Western Asia, parts of Eastern Europe and the Caucasus, North Africa and the Horn of Africa.[33] At the beginning of the 17th century, the empire contained 32 provinces and numerous vassal states. Some of these were later absorbed into the Ottoman Empire, while others were granted various types of autonomy during the course of centuries.[8]
With Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. While the empire was once thought to have entered a period of decline following the death of Suleiman the Magnificent, this view is no longer supported by the majority of academic historians.[34] The empire continued to maintain a flexible and strong economy, society and military throughout the 17th and much of the 18th century.[35] However, during a long period of peace from 1740 to 1768, the Ottoman military system fell behind that of their European rivals, the Habsburg and Russian empires.[36] The Ottomans consequently suffered severe military defeats in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, which prompted them to initiate a comprehensive process of reform and modernisation known as the Tanzimat. Thus, over the course of the 19th century, the Ottoman state became vastly more powerful and organised, despite suffering further territorial losses, especially in the Balkans, where a number of new states emerged.[37]
In the early 20th century the empire allied with Germany, hoping to escape from the diplomatic isolation which had contributed to its recent territorial losses, and thus joined World War I on the side of the Central Powers.[38] While the Empire was able to largely hold its own during the conflict, it was struggling with internal dissent, especially with the Arab Revolt in its Arabian holdings. During this time, genocide was committed by the Ottoman government against the Armenians, Assyrians and Pontic Greeks.[39]
The Empire's defeat and the occupation of part of its territory by the Allied Powers in the aftermath of World War I resulted in its partitioning and the loss of its Middle Eastern territories, which were divided between the United Kingdom and France. The successful Turkish War of Independence against the occupying Allies led to the emergence of the Republic of Turkey in the Anatolian heartland and the abolition of the Ottoman monarchy.[40]
The word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was the Turkish form of the Arabic name ʿUthmān (عثمان). In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred to as Devlet-i ʿAlīye-yi ʿOsmānīye (دولت عليه عثمانیه),[41] (literally "The Supreme Ottoman State") or alternatively ʿOsmānlı Devleti (عثمانلى دولتى). In Modern Turkish, it is known as Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ("The Ottoman Empire") or Osmanlı Devleti ("The Ottoman State").
The Turkish word for "Ottoman" (Osmanlı) originally referred to the tribal followers of Osman in the fourteenth century, and subsequently came to be used to refer to the empire's military-administrative elite. In contrast, the term "Turk" (Türk) was used to refer to the Anatolian peasant and tribal population, and was seen as a disparaging term when applied to urban, educated individuals.[42] In the early modern period, an educated urban-dwelling Turkish-speaker who was not a member of the military-administrative class would often refer to himself neither as an Osmanlı nor as a Türk, but rather as a Rūmī (رومى), or "Roman", meaning an inhabitant of the territory of the former Byzantine Empire in the Balkans and Anatolia. The term Rūmī was also used to refer to Turkish-speakers by the other Muslim peoples of the empire and beyond.[43] As applied to Ottoman Turkish-speakers, this term began to fall out of use at the end of the seventeenth century, and instead the word increasingly became associated with the Greek population of the empire, a meaning that it still bears in Turkey today.[44]
In Western Europe, the two names "Ottoman Empire" and "Turkey" were often used interchangeably, with "Turkey" being increasingly favoured both in formal and informal situations. This dichotomy was officially ended in 1920–23, when the newly established Ankara-based Turkish government chose Turkey as the sole official name. Most scholarly historians avoid the terms "Turkey", "Turks", and "Turkish" when referring to the Ottomans, due to the empire's multinational character.[25]
As the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum declined in the 13th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of independent Turkish principalities known as the Anatolian Beyliks. One of these beyliks, in the region of Bithynia on the frontier of the Byzantine Empire, was led by the Turkish tribal leader Osman I (d. 1323/4), a figure of obscure origins from whom the name Ottoman is derived.[45] Osman's early followers consisted both of Turkish tribal groups and Byzantine renegades, many but not all converts to Islam.[46] Osman extended the control of his principality by conquering Byzantine towns along the Sakarya River. A Byzantine defeat at the battle of Bapheus in 1302 contributed to Osman's rise as well. It is not well understood how the early Ottomans came to dominate their neighbours, due to the lack of sources surviving from this period. The Gaza Thesis theory popular during the twentieth century credited their success to their rallying of religious warriors to fight for them in the name of Islam, but it is now highly criticised and no longer generally accepted by historians, and no consensus on the nature of the early Ottoman state's expansion has replaced it.[47]
In the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over Anatolia and the Balkans. Osman's son, Orhan, captured the northwestern Anatolian city of Bursa in 1326, making it the new capital of the Ottoman state and supplanting Byzantine control in the region. The important port city of Thessaloniki was captured from the Venetians in 1387 and sacked. The Ottoman victory at Kosovo in 1389 effectively marked the end of Serbian power in the region, paving the way for Ottoman expansion into Europe.[48] The Battle of Nicopolis in 1396, widely regarded as the last large-scale crusade of the Middle Ages, failed to stop the advance of the victorious Ottoman Turks.[49]
As the Turks expanded into the Balkans, the conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The Ottomans had already wrested control of nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but the heavy defence of Constantinople's strategic position on the Bosphorus Strait made it difficult to conquer. In 1402, the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco-Mongol leader Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire, invaded Ottoman Anatolia from the east. In the Battle of Ankara in 1402, Timur defeated the Ottoman forces and took Sultan Bayezid I as a prisoner, throwing the empire into disorder. The ensuing civil war, also known as the Fetret Devri, lasted from 1402 to 1413 as Bayezid's sons fought over succession. It ended when Mehmed I emerged as the sultan and restored Ottoman power.[50]
The Balkan territories lost by the Ottomans after 1402, including Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo, were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad repelled the Crusade of Varna by defeating the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland (also King of Hungary) and John Hunyadi at the Battle of Varna, although Albanians under Skanderbeg continued to resist. Four years later, John Hunyadi prepared another army of Hungarian and Wallachian forces to attack the Turks, but was again defeated at the Second Battle of Kosovo in 1448.[51]
The son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized both state and military and on 29 May 1453 conquered Constantinople. Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority.[53] Due to tension between the states of western Europe and the later Byzantine Empire, the majority of the Orthodox population accepted Ottoman rule as preferable to Venetian rule.[53] Albanian resistance was a major obstacle to Ottoman expansion on the Italian peninsula.[54]
Sultan Selim I (1512–1520) dramatically expanded the Empire's eastern and southern frontiers by defeating Shah Ismail of Safavid Persia, in the Battle of Chaldiran.[56] Selim I established Ottoman rule in Egypt by defeating and annexing the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt and created a naval presence on the Red Sea. After this Ottoman expansion, a competition started between the Portuguese Empire and the Ottoman Empire to become the dominant power in the region.[57]
Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[58][59] and, after his historic victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the territory of present-day Hungary (except the western part) and other Central European territories. He then laid siege to Vienna in 1529, but failed to take the city.[60] In 1532, he made another attack on Vienna, but was repulsed in the Siege of Güns.[61][62] Transylvania, Wallachia and, intermittently, Moldavia, became tributary principalities of the Ottoman Empire. In the east, the Ottoman Turks took Baghdad from the Persians in 1535, gaining control of Mesopotamia and naval access to the Persian Gulf. In 1555, the Caucasus became officially partitioned for the first time between the Safavids and the Ottomans, a status quo that would remain until the end of the Russo-Turkish War (1768–74). By this partitioning of the Caucasus as signed in the Peace of Amasya, Western Armenia, western Kurdistan, and Western Georgia (incl. western Samtskhe) fell into Ottoman hands,[63] while southern Dagestan, Eastern Armenia, Eastern Georgia, and Azerbaijan remained Persian.[64]
By the end of Suleiman's reign, the Empire spanned approximately 877,888 sq mi (2,273,720 km2), extending over three continents.[66] In addition, the Empire became a dominant naval force, controlling much of the Mediterranean Sea.[67] By this time, the Ottoman Empire was a major part of the European political sphere. The Ottomans became involved in multi-continental religious wars when Spain and Portugal were united under the Iberian Union, the Ottomans as holders of the Caliph title, meaning leader of all Muslims worldwide, and Iberians, as leaders of the Christian crusaders, were locked in a worldwide conflict, with zones of operations in the Mediterranean Sea[68] and Indian Ocean[69] where Iberians circumnavigated Africa to reach India, and in the way, wage wars upon the Ottomans and their local Muslim allies and likewise the Iberians passed through newly Christianized Latin-America and had sent expeditions that traversed the Pacific in order to Christianize formerly Muslim Philippines and use it as a base to further attack the Muslims in the Far East.[70] In which case, the Ottomans sent armies to aid its easternmost vassal and territory, the Sultanate of Aceh in Southeast Asia.[71][72] During the 1600s the worldwide conflict between the Ottoman Caliphate and Iberian Union was a stalemate since both powers were at similar population, technology and economic levels. Nevertheless, the success of the Ottoman political and military establishment was compared to the Roman Empire, by the likes of Italian scholar Francesco Sansovino and the French political philosopher Jean Bodin.[73]
In the second half of the sixteenth century the Ottoman Empire came under increasing strain from inflation and the rapidly rising costs of warfare that were impacting both Europe and the Middle East. These pressures led to a series of crises around the year 1600, placing great strain upon the Ottoman system of government.[74] The empire underwent a series of transformations of its political and military institutions in response to these challenges, enabling it to successfully adapt to the new conditions of the seventeenth century and remain powerful, militarily and economically.[34][75] Historians of the mid-twentieth century once characterized this period as one of stagnation and decline, but this view is now rejected by the majority of academics.[34]
The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. Despite the growing European presence in the Indian Ocean, Ottoman trade with the east continued to flourish. Cairo in particular benefitted from the rise of Yemeni coffee as a popular consumer commodity. As coffeehouses appeared in cities and towns across the empire, Cairo developed into a major center for its trade, contributing to its continued prosperity throughout the seventeenth and much of the eighteenth century.[76]
Under Ivan IV (1533–1584), the Tsardom of Russia expanded into the Volga and Caspian region at the expense of the Tatar khanates. In 1571, the Crimean khan Devlet I Giray, supported by the Ottomans, burned Moscow.[77] The next year, the invasion was repeated but repelled at the Battle of Molodi. The Crimean Khanate continued to invade Eastern Europe in a series of slave raids,[78] and remained a significant power in Eastern Europe until the end of the 17th century.[79]
In southern Europe, a Catholic coalition led by Philip II of Spain won a victory over the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). Catholic arms killed over 30,000 Turks and captured or destroyed 200 of their ships.[80] It was a startling, if mostly symbolic,[81] blow to the image of Ottoman invincibility, an image which the victory of the Knights of Malta against the Ottoman invaders in the 1565 Siege of Malta had recently set about eroding.[82] The battle was far more damaging to the Ottoman navy in sapping experienced manpower than the loss of ships, which were rapidly replaced.[83] The Ottoman navy recovered quickly, persuading Venice to sign a peace treaty in 1573, allowing the Ottomans to expand and consolidate their position in North Africa.[84]
By contrast, the Habsburg frontier had settled somewhat, a stalemate caused by a stiffening of the Habsburg defences.[85] The Long Turkish War against Habsburg Austria (1593–1606) created the need for greater numbers of Ottoman infantry equipped with firearms, resulting in a relaxation of recruitment policy. This contributed to problems of indiscipline and outright rebelliousness within the corps, which were never fully solved.[86] Irregular sharpshooters (Sekban) were also recruited, and on demobilization turned to brigandage in the Jelali revolts (1590–1610), which engendered widespread anarchy in Anatolia in the late 16th and early 17th centuries.[87] With the Empire's population reaching 30 million people by 1600, the shortage of land placed further pressure on the government.[88] In spite of these problems, the Ottoman state remained strong, and its army did not collapse or suffer crushing defeats. The only exceptions were campaigns against the Safavid dynasty of Persia, where many of the Ottoman eastern provinces were lost, some permanently. This 1603–1618 war eventually resulted in the Treaty of Nasuh Pasha, which ceded the entire Caucasus, except westernmost Georgia, back into Iranian Safavid possession.[89]
During his brief majority reign, Murad IV (1623–1640) reasserted central authority and recaptured Iraq (1639) from the Safavids.[90] The resulting Treaty of Zuhab of that same year decisively parted the Caucasus and adjacent regions between the two neighbouring empires as it had already been defined in the 1555 Peace of Amasya.[91][92] The Sultanate of women (1623–1656) was a period in which the mothers of young sultans exercised power on behalf of their sons. The most prominent women of this period were Kösem Sultan and her daughter-in-law Turhan Hatice, whose political rivalry culminated in Kösem's murder in 1651.[93] During the Köprülü Era (1656–1703), effective control of the Empire was exercised by a sequence of Grand Viziers from the Köprülü family. The Köprülü Vizierate saw renewed military success with authority restored in Transylvania, the conquest of Crete completed in 1669, and expansion into Polish southern Ukraine, with the strongholds of Khotyn and Kamianets-Podilskyi and the territory of Podolia ceding to Ottoman control in 1676.[94]
This period of renewed assertiveness came to a calamitous end in 1683 when Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha led a huge army to attempt a second Ottoman siege of Vienna in the Great Turkish War of 1683–1699. The final assault being fatally delayed, the Ottoman forces were swept away by allied Habsburg, German and Polish forces spearheaded by the Polish king John III Sobieski at the Battle of Vienna. The alliance of the Holy League pressed home the advantage of the defeat at Vienna, culminating in the Treaty of Karlowitz (26 January 1699), which ended the Great Turkish War.[95] The Ottomans surrendered control of significant territories, many permanently.[96] Mustafa II (1695–1703) led the counterattack of 1695–96 against the Habsburgs in Hungary, but was undone at the disastrous defeat at Zenta (in modern Serbia), 11 September 1697.[97]
Aside from the loss of the Banat and the temporary loss of Belgrade (1717–39), the Ottoman border on the Danube and Sava remained stable during the eighteenth century. Russian expansion, however, presented a large and growing threat.[98] Accordingly, King Charles XII of Sweden was welcomed as an ally in the Ottoman Empire following his defeat by the Russians at the Battle of Poltava of 1709 in central Ukraine (part of the Great Northern War of 1700–1721).[98] Charles XII persuaded the Ottoman Sultan Ahmed III to declare war on Russia, which resulted in an Ottoman victory in the Pruth River Campaign of 1710–1711, in Moldavia.[99]
Educational and technological reforms came about, including the establishment of higher education institutions such as the Istanbul Technical University.[102] In 1734 an artillery school was established to impart Western-style artillery methods, but the Islamic clergy successfully objected under the grounds of theodicy.[103] In 1754 the artillery school was reopened on a semi-secret basis.[103] In 1726, Ibrahim Muteferrika convinced the Grand Vizier Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha, the Grand Mufti, and the clergy on the efficiency of the printing press, and Muteferrika was later granted by Sultan Ahmed III permission to publish non-religious books (despite opposition from some calligraphers and religious leaders).[104] Muteferrika's press published its first book in 1729 and, by 1743, issued 17 works in 23 volumes, each having between 500 and 1,000 copies.[104][105]
In 1768 Russian-backed Ukrainian Haidamakas, pursuing Polish confederates, entered Balta, an Ottoman-controlled town on the border of Bessarabia in Ukraine, massacred its citizens, and burned the town to the ground. This action provoked the Ottoman Empire into the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774. The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca of 1774 ended the war and provided freedom to worship for the Christian citizens of the Ottoman-controlled provinces of Wallachia and Moldavia.[106] By the late 18th century, after a number of defeats in the wars with Russia, some people in the Ottoman Empire began to conclude that the reforms of Peter the Great had given the Russians an edge, and the Ottomans would have to keep up with Western technology in order to avoid further defeats.[103]
Selim III (1789–1807) made the first major attempts to modernize the army, but his reforms were hampered by the religious leadership and the Janissary corps. Jealous of their privileges and firmly opposed to change, the Janissary revolted. Selim's efforts cost him his throne and his life, but were resolved in spectacular and bloody fashion by his successor, the dynamic Mahmud II, who eliminated the Janissary corps in 1826.
The Serbian revolution (1804–1815) marked the beginning of an era of national awakening in the Balkans during the Eastern Question. In 1811, the fundamentalist Wahhabis of Arabia, led by the al-Saud family revolted against the Ottomans. Unable to defeat the Wahhabi rebels, the Sublime Porte had Mohammad Ali the Great, the vali (governor) of Egypt tasked with retaking Arabia which ended with the destruction of the Emirate of Diriyah in 1818. The Suzerainty of Serbia as a hereditary monarchy under its own dynasty was acknowledged de jure in 1830.[107][108] In 1821, the Greeks declared war on the Sultan. A rebellion that originated in Moldavia as a diversion was followed by the main revolution in the Peloponnese, which, along with the northern part of the Gulf of Corinth, became the first parts of the Ottoman Empire to achieve independence (in 1829). In 1830, the French invaded Algeria, which was lost to the empire. In 1831, Mohammad Ali revolted with the aim of making himself sultan and founding a new dynasty, and his French-trained army under his son Ibrahim Pasha defeated the Ottoman Army as it marched on Constantinople, coming within 200 miles of the capital.[109] In desperation, the Sultan Mahmud II appealed to the empire's traditional archenemy Russia for help, asking the Emperor Nicholas I to send an expeditionary force to save him.[110] In return for signing the Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi, the Russians sent the expeditionary force, which deterred Ibrahim from taking Constantinople.[110] Under the terms of Peace of Kutahia, signed on 5 May 1833 Mohammad Ali agreed to abandon his claim to the throne, in exchange for which he was made the vali of the vilayets (provinces) of Crete, Aleppo, Tripoli, Damascus and Sidon (the latter four comprising modern Syria and Lebanon), and given the right to collect taxes in Adana.[110] Had it not been for the Russian intervention, it is almost certain Mahmud II would have been overthrown and Mohammad Ali would have become the new sultan, marking the beginning of a recurring pattern where the Sublime Porte needed the help of outsiders to save itself.[111]
In 1839, the Sublime Porte attempted to take back what it lost to the de facto independent vilayet of Egypt, and suffered a crushing defeat, leading to the Oriental Crisis as Mohammad Ali was very close to France, and the prospect of him as Sultan was widely viewed as putting the entire empire into the French sphere of influence.[110] As the Sublime Porte had proved itself incapable of defeating the Egyptians, Britain and Austria intervened to defeat Egypt.[110] By the mid-19th century, the Ottoman Empire was called the "sick man" by Europeans. The suzerain states – the Principality of Serbia, Wallachia and Moldavia – moved towards de jure independence during the 1860s and 1870s.
During the Tanzimat period (1839–1876), the government's series of constitutional reforms led to a fairly modern conscripted army, banking system reforms, the decriminalization of homosexuality, the replacement of religious law with secular law[112] and guilds with modern factories. The Ottoman Ministry of Post was established in Istanbul on 23 October 1840.[113][114]
Samuel Morse received a Turkish patent for the telegraph in 1847, which was issued by Sultan Abdülmecid who personally tested the new invention.[115] Following this successful test, work on the first Turkish telegraph line (Istanbul-Edirne-Şumnu)[116] began on 9 August 1847.[117] The reformist period peaked with the Constitution, called the Kanûn-u Esâsî. The empire's First Constitutional era was short-lived. The parliament survived for only two years before the sultan suspended it.
The Christian population of the empire, owing to their higher educational levels, started to pull ahead of the Muslim majority, leading to much resentment on the part of the latter.[118] In 1861, there were 571 primary and 94 secondary schools for Ottoman Christians with 140,000 pupils in total, a figure that vastly exceeded the number of Muslim children in school at the same time, who were further hindered by the amount of time spent learning Arabic and Islamic theology.[118] Stone further suggested that the Arabic alphabet, which Turkish was written in until 1928, was very ill-suited to reflect the sounds of the Turkish language (which is a Turkic as opposed to Semitic language), which imposed a further difficulty on Turkish children.[118] In turn, the higher educational levels of the Christians allowed them to play a larger role in the economy, with the rise in prominence of groups such as the Sursock family indicative of this shift in influence.[119][118] In 1911, of the 654 wholesale companies in Istanbul, 528 were owned by ethnic Greeks.[118] In many cases, Christians and also Jews were able to gain protection from European consuls and citizenship, meaning they were protected from Ottoman law and not subject to the same economic regulations as their Muslim comrades.[120]
The Crimean War (1853–1856) was part of a long-running contest between the major European powers for influence over territories of the declining Ottoman Empire. The financial burden of the war led the Ottoman state to issue foreign loans amounting to 5 million pounds sterling on 4 August 1854.[124][125] The war caused an exodus of the Crimean Tatars, about 200,000 of whom moved to the Ottoman Empire in continuing waves of emigration.[126] Toward the end of the Caucasian Wars, 90% of the Circassians were ethnically cleansed[127] and exiled from their homelands in the Caucasus and fled to the Ottoman Empire,[128] resulting in the settlement of 500,000 to 700,000 Circassians in Turkey.[129][130][131] Some Circassian organisations give much higher numbers, totaling 1–1.5 million deported or killed. Crimean Tatar refugees in the late 19th century played an especially notable role in seeking to modernize Ottoman education and in first promoting both Pan-Turkicism and a sense of Turkish nationalism.[132]
In this period, the Ottoman Empire spent only small amounts of public funds on education; for example in 1860–61 only 0.2 per cent of the total budget was invested in education.[133] As the Ottoman state attempted to modernize its infrastructure and army in response to threats from the outside, it also opened itself up to a different kind of threat: that of creditors. Indeed, as the historian Eugene Rogan has written, "the single greatest threat to the independence of the Middle East" in the nineteenth century "was not the armies of Europe but its banks."[134] The Ottoman state, which had begun taking on debt with the Crimean War, was forced to declare bankruptcy in 1875.[135] By 1881, the Ottoman Empire agreed to have its debt controlled by an institution known as the Ottoman Public Debt Administration, a council of European men with presidency alternating between France and Britain. The body controlled swaths of the Ottoman economy, and used its position to ensure that European capital continued to penetrate the empire, often to the detriment of local Ottoman interests.[135]
The Ottoman bashi-bazouks brutally suppressed the Bulgarian uprising of 1876, massacring up to 100,000 people in the process.[136] The Russo-Turkish War (1877–78) ended with a decisive victory for Russia. As a result, Ottoman holdings in Europe declined sharply: Bulgaria was established as an independent principality inside the Ottoman Empire; Romania achieved full independence; and Serbia and Montenegro finally gained complete independence, but with smaller territories. In 1878, Austria-Hungary unilaterally occupied the Ottoman provinces of Bosnia-Herzegovina and Novi Pazar.
British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli advocated for restoring the Ottoman territories on the Balkan Peninsula during the Congress of Berlin, and in return Britain assumed the administration of Cyprus in 1878.[137] Britain later sent troops to Egypt in 1882 to put down the Urabi Revolt – Sultan Abdul Hamid II was too paranoid to mobilize his own army, fearing this would result in a coup d'état – effectively gaining control in both territories. Abdul Hamid II, popularly known as "Abdul Hamid the Damned" on the account of his cruelty and paranoia, was so fearful of the threat of a coup that he did not allow his army to conduct war games, lest this serve as the cover for a coup, but he did see the need for military mobilization. In 1883, a German military mission under General Baron Colmar von der Goltz arrived to train the Ottoman Army, leading to the so-called "Goltz generation" of German-trained officers who were to play a notable role in the politics of the last years of the empire.[138]
As the Ottoman Empire gradually shrank in size, some 7–9 million Muslims from its former territories in the Caucasus, Crimea, Balkans, and the Mediterranean islands migrated to Anatolia and Eastern Thrace.[140] After the Empire lost the First Balkan War (1912–13), it lost all its Balkan territories except East Thrace (European Turkey). This resulted in around 400,000 Muslims fleeing with the retreating Ottoman armies (with many dying from cholera brought by the soldiers), and with some 400,000 non-Muslims fleeing territory still under Ottoman rule.[141] Justin McCarthy estimates that during the period 1821 to 1922 several million Muslims died in the Balkans, with the expulsion of a similar number.[142][143][144]
The defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire (1908–1922) began with the Second Constitutional Era, a moment of hope and promise established with the Young Turk Revolution. It restored the Ottoman constitution of 1876 and brought in multi-party politics with a two-stage electoral system (electoral law) under the Ottoman parliament. The constitution offered hope by freeing the empire's citizens to modernize the state's institutions, rejuvenate its strength, and enable it to hold its own against outside powers. Its guarantee of liberties promised to dissolve inter-communal tensions and transform the empire into a more harmonious place.[145] Instead, this period became the story of the twilight struggle of the Empire.
Members of Young Turks movement who had once gone underground now established their parties.[146] Among them "Committee of Union and Progress", and "Freedom and Accord Party" were major parties. On the other end of the spectrum were ethnic parties which included Poale Zion, Al-Fatat, and Armenian national movement organized under Armenian Revolutionary Federation. Profiting from the civil strife, Austria-Hungary officially annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908. The last of the Ottoman censuses was performed in 1914. Despite military reforms which reconstituted the Ottoman Modern Army, the Empire lost its North African territories and the Dodecanese in the Italo-Turkish War (1911) and almost all of its European territories in the Balkan Wars (1912–1913). The Empire faced continuous unrest in the years leading up to World War I, including the Ottoman countercoup of 1909, the 31 March Incident and two further coups in 1912 and 1913.
In 1915 the Ottoman government started the extermination of its ethnic Armenian population, resulting in the death of approximately 1.5 million Armenians in the Armenian Genocide.[147] The genocide was carried out during and after World War I and implemented in two phases: the wholesale killing of the able-bodied male population through massacre and subjection of army conscripts to forced labor, followed by the deportation of women, children, the elderly and infirm on death marches leading to the Syrian desert. Driven forward by military escorts, the deportees were deprived of food and water and subjected to periodic robbery, rape, and systematic massacre.[148][149][150] Large-scale massacres were also committed against the Empire's Greek and Assyrian minorities as part of the same campaign of ethnic cleansing.[151]
The Arab Revolt began in 1916 and turned the tide against the Ottomans on the Middle Eastern front, where they seemed to have the upper hand during the first two years of the war. The Armistice of Mudros was signed on 30 October 1918, setting the partition of the Ottoman Empire under the terms of the Treaty of Sèvres. This treaty, as designed in the conference of London, allowed the Sultan to retain his position and title. The occupation of Constantinople and İzmir led to the establishment of a Turkish national movement, which won the Turkish War of Independence (1919–23) under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal (later given the surname "Atatürk"). The sultanate was abolished on 1 November 1922, and the last sultan, Mehmed VI (reigned 1918–22), left the country on 17 November 1922. The Republic of Turkey was established in its place on October 29, 1923 in the new capital city of Ankara. The caliphate was abolished on 3 March 1924.[152]
Historical debate on the origins and nature of the Ottoman state
Several historians such as British historian Edward Gibbon and the Greek historian Dimitri Kitzikis have argued that after the fall of Constantinople, the Ottoman state took over the machinery of the Byzantine (Roman) state, and that in essence the Ottoman Empire was a continuation of the Eastern Roman Empire under a thin Turkish Islamic guise.[153] Kitzikis called the Ottoman state "a Greek-Turkish condominium".[154] The American historian Speros Vryonis wrote that the Ottoman state was centered on "a Byzantine-Balkan base with a veneer of the Turkish language and the Islamic religion".[154] Other historians have followed the lead of the Austrian historian Paul Wittek who emphasized the Islamic character of the Ottoman state, seeing the Ottoman state as a "Jihad state" dedicated to expanding the world of Islam.[154] Another group of historians led by the Turkish historian M. Fuat Koprulu championed the "gazi thesis" that saw the Ottoman state as a continuation of the way of life of the nomadic Turkic tribes who had come from East Asia to Anatolia via Central Asia and the Middle East on a much larger scale, and argued that the most important cultural influences on the Ottoman state came from Persia.[154] More recently, the American historian Heath Lowry called the Ottoman state a "predatory confederacy" led in equal parts by Turks and Greeks converted to Islam.[154]
The British historian Norman Stone suggested many continuities between the Eastern Roman and Ottoman empires such as the zeugarion tax of Byzantium becoming the Ottoman Resm-i çift tax, the pronoia land-holding system that linked the amount of land one owned with one's ability to raise cavalry becoming the Ottoman timar system, and the Ottoman measurement for land the dönüm was the same as the Byzantine stremma. Stone also pointed out that despite the fact that Sunni Islam was the state religion, the Eastern Orthodox Church was supported and controlled by the Ottoman state, and in return to accepting that control became the largest land-holder in the Ottoman Empire. Despite the similarities, Stone argued that a crucial difference was that the land grants under the timar system were not hereditary at first. Even after land grants under the timar system became inheritable, land ownings in the Ottoman Empire remained highly insecure, and the sultan could and did revoke land grants whenever he wished. Stone argued this insecurity in land tenure strongly discouraged Timariots from seeking long-term development of their land, and instead led the timariots to adopt a strategy of short term exploitation, which ultimately had deleterious effects on the Ottoman economy.[155]
Before the reforms of the 19th and 20th centuries, the state organisation of the Ottoman Empire was a system with two main dimensions, the military administration and the civil administration. The Sultan was the highest position in the system. The civil system was based on local administrative units based on the region's characteristics. The state had control over the clergy. Certain pre-Islamic Turkish traditions that had survived the adoption of administrative and legal practices from Islamic Iran remained important in Ottoman administrative circles.[156] According to Ottoman understanding, the state's primary responsibility was to defend and extend the land of the Muslims and to ensure security and harmony within its borders in the overarching context of orthodox Islamic practice and dynastic sovereignty.[157]
The Ottoman Empire, or as a dynastic institution, the House of Osman, was unprecedented and unequaled in the Islamic world for its size and duration.[158] In Europe, only the House of Habsburg had a similarly unbroken line of sovereigns (kings/emperors) from the same family who ruled for so long, and during the same period, between the late 13th and early 20th centuries. The Ottoman dynasty was Turkish in origin. On eleven occasions, the sultan was deposed (replaced by another sultan of the Ottoman dynasty, who were either the former sultan's brother, son or nephew) because he was perceived by his enemies as a threat to the state. There were only two attempts in Ottoman history to unseat the ruling Ottoman dynasty, both failures, which suggests a political system that for an extended period was able to manage its revolutions without unnecessary instability.[157] As such, the last Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI (r. 1918–1922) was a direct patrilineal (male-line) descendant of the first Ottoman sultan Osman I (d. 1323/4), which was unparallelled in both Europe (e.g. the male line of the House of Habsburg became extinct in 1740) and in the Islamic world. The primary purpose of the Imperial Harem was to ensure the birth of male heirs to the Ottoman throne and secure the continuation of the direct patrilineal (male-line) descendance of the Ottoman sultans.
The highest position in Islam, caliphate, was claimed by the sultans starting with Murad I,[15] which was established as the Ottoman Caliphate. The Ottoman sultan, pâdişâh or "lord of kings", served as the Empire's sole regent and was considered to be the embodiment of its government, though he did not always exercise complete control. The Imperial Harem was one of the most important powers of the Ottoman court. It was ruled by the Valide Sultan. On occasion, the Valide Sultan would become involved in state politics. For a time, the women of the Harem effectively controlled the state in what was termed the "Sultanate of Women". New sultans were always chosen from the sons of the previous sultan. The strong educational system of the palace school was geared towards eliminating the unfit potential heirs, and establishing support among the ruling elite for a successor. The palace schools, which would also educate the future administrators of the state, were not a single track. First, the Madrasa (Medrese) was designated for the Muslims, and educated scholars and state officials according to Islamic tradition. The financial burden of the Medrese was supported by vakifs, allowing children of poor families to move to higher social levels and income.[159] The second track was a free boarding school for the Christians, the Enderûn,[160] which recruited 3,000 students annually from Christian boys between eight and twenty years old from one in forty families among the communities settled in Rumelia or the Balkans, a process known as Devshirme (Devşirme).[161]
The Tughra were calligraphic monograms, or signatures, of the Ottoman Sultans, of which there were 35. Carved on the Sultan's seal, they bore the names of the Sultan and his father. The statement and prayer, "ever victorious", was also present in most. The earliest belonged to Orhan Gazi. The ornately stylized Tughra spawned a branch of Ottoman-Turkish calligraphy.
The Ottoman legal system accepted the religious law over its subjects. At the same time the Qanun (or Kanun), a secular legal system, co-existed with religious law or Sharia.[164] The Ottoman Empire was always organized around a system of local jurisprudence. Legal administration in the Ottoman Empire was part of a larger scheme of balancing central and local authority.[165] Ottoman power revolved crucially around the administration of the rights to land, which gave a space for the local authority to develop the needs of the local millet.[165] The jurisdictional complexity of the Ottoman Empire was aimed to permit the integration of culturally and religiously different groups.[165] The Ottoman system had three court systems: one for Muslims, one for non-Muslims, involving appointed Jews and Christians ruling over their respective religious communities, and the "trade court". The entire system was regulated from above by means of the administrative Qanun, i.e. laws, a system based upon the Turkic Yassa and Töre, which were developed in the pre-Islamic era.
The Ottoman Islamic legal system was set up differently from traditional European courts. Presiding over Islamic courts would be a Qadi, or judge. Since the closing of the ijtihad, or Gate of Interpretation, Qadisthroughout the Ottoman Empire focused less on legal precedent, and more with local customs and traditions in the areas that they administered.[165] However, the Ottoman court system lacked an appellate structure, leading to jurisdictional case strategies where plaintiffs could take their disputes from one court system to another until they achieved a ruling that was in their favor.
In the late 19th century, the Ottoman legal system saw substantial reform. This process of legal modernization began with the Edict of Gülhane of 1839.[166] These reforms included the "fair and public trial[s] of all accused regardless of religion", the creation of a system of "separate competences, religious and civil", and the validation of testimony on non-Muslims.[167] Specific land codes (1858), civil codes (1869–1876), and a code of civil procedure also were enacted.[167]
The first military unit of the Ottoman State was an army that was organized by Osman I from the tribesmen inhabiting the hills of western Anatolia in the late 13th century. The military system became an intricate organization with the advance of the Empire. The Ottoman military was a complex system of recruiting and fief-holding. The main corps of the Ottoman Army included Janissary, Sipahi, Akıncı and Mehterân. The Ottoman army was once among the most advanced fighting forces in the world, being one of the first to use muskets and cannons. The Ottoman Turks began using falconets, which were short but wide cannons, during the Siege of Constantinople. The Ottoman cavalry depended on high speed and mobility rather than heavy armour, using bows and short swords on fast Turkoman and Arabian horses (progenitors of the Thoroughbred racing horse),[168][169] and often applied tactics similar to those of the Mongol Empire, such as pretending to retreat while surrounding the enemy forces inside a crescent-shaped formation and then making the real attack. The Ottoman army continued to be an effective fighting force throughout the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries,[170] falling behind the empire's European rivals only during a long period of peace from 1740–1768.[36]
Administrative divisions
The Eyalet (also Pashalik or Beylerbeylik) was the territory of office of a Beylerbey (“lord of lords” or governor), and was further subdivided in Sanjaks.[175]
The Vilayets were introduced with the promulgation of the "Vilayet Law" (Teskil-i Vilayet Nizamnamesi)[176] in 1864, as part of the Tanzimat reforms.[177] Unlike the previous eyalet system, the 1864 law established a hierarchy of administrative units: the vilayet, liva/sanjak, kaza and village council, to which the 1871 Vilayet Law added the nabiye.[178]
The Ottoman economic mind was closely related to the basic concepts of state and society in the Middle East in which the ultimate goal of a state was consolidation and extension of the ruler's power, and the way to reach it was to get rich resources of revenues by making the productive classes prosperous.[180] The ultimate aim was to increase the state revenues without damaging the prosperity of subjects to prevent the emergence of social disorder and to keep the traditional organization of the society intact. The Ottoman economy greatly expanded during the early modern period, with particularly high growth rates during first half of the eighteenth century. The empire's annual income quadrupled between 1523 and 1748, adjusted for inflation.[181]
The organization of the treasury and chancery were developed under the Ottoman Empire more than any other Islamic government and, until the 17th century, they were the leading organization among all their contemporaries.[162] This organization developed a scribal bureaucracy (known as "men of the pen") as a distinct group, partly highly trained ulama, which developed into a professional body.[162] The effectiveness of this professional financial body stands behind the success of many great Ottoman statesmen.[182]
By developing commercial centres and routes, encouraging people to extend the area of cultivated land in the country and international trade through its dominions, the state performed basic economic functions in the Empire. But in all this the financial and political interests of the state were dominant. Within the social and political system they were living in, Ottoman administrators could not have seen the desirability of the dynamics and principles of the capitalist and mercantile economies developing in Western Europe.[184]
In the early 19th century, Ottoman Egypt had an advanced economy, with a per-capita income comparable to that of leading Western European countries such as France, and higher than the overall average income of Europe and Japan.[185] Economic historian Jean Barou estimated that, in terms of 1960 dollars, Egypt in 1800 had a per-capita income of $232 ($1,025 in 1990 dollars). In comparison, per-capita income in terms of 1960 dollars for France in 1800 was $240 ($1,060 in 1990 dollars), for Eastern Europe in 1800 was $177 ($782 in 1990 dollars), and for Japan in 1800 was $180 ($795 in 1990 dollars).[186][187]
Economic historian Paul Bairoch argues that free trade contributed to deindustrialization in the Ottoman Empire. In contrast to the protectionism of China, Japan, and Spain, the Ottoman Empire had a liberal trade policy, open to foreign imports. This has origins in capitulations of the Ottoman Empire, dating back to the first commercial treaties signed with France in 1536 and taken further with capitulations in 1673 and 1740, which lowered duties to 3% for imports and exports. The liberal Ottoman policies were praised by British economists such as J. R. McCulloch in his Dictionary of Commerce (1834), but later criticized by British politicians such as Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli, who cited the Ottoman Empire as "an instance of the injury done by unrestrained competition" in the 1846 Corn Laws debate.[188]
A population estimate for the empire of 11,692,480 for the 1520–1535 period was obtained by counting the households in Ottoman tithe registers, and multiplying this number by 5.[189] For unclear reasons, the population in the 18th century was lower than that in the 16th century.[190] An estimate of 7,230,660 for the first census held in 1831 is considered a serious undercount, as this census was meant only to register possible conscripts.[189]
Censuses of Ottoman territories only began in the early 19th century. Figures from 1831 onwards are available as official census results, but the censuses did not cover the whole population. For example, the 1831 census only counted men and did not cover the whole empire.[88][189] For earlier periods estimates of size and distribution of the population are based on observed demographic patterns.[191]
However, it began to rise to reach 25–32 million by 1800, with around 10 million in the European provinces (primarily in the Balkans), 11 million in the Asiatic provinces and around 3 million in the African provinces. Population densities were higher in the European provinces, double those in Anatolia, which in turn were triple the population densities of Iraq and Syria and five times the population density of Arabia.[192]
The rise of port cities saw the clustering of populations caused by the development of steamships and railroads. Urbanization increased from 1700 to 1922, with towns and cities growing. Improvements in health and sanitation made them more attractive to live and work in. Port cities like Salonica, in Greece, saw its population rise from 55,000 in 1800 to 160,000 in 1912 and İzmir which had a population of 150,000 in 1800 grew to 300,000 by 1914.[195][196] Some regions conversely had population falls—Belgrade saw its population drop from 25,000 to 8,000 mainly due to political strife.[195]
Economic and political migrations made an impact across the empire. For example, the Russian and Austria-Habsburg annexation of the Crimean and Balkan regions respectively saw large influxes of Muslim refugees—200,000 Crimean Tartars fleeing to Dobruja.[197] Between 1783 and 1913, approximately 5–7 million refugees flooded into the Ottoman Empire, at least 3.8 million of whom were from Russia. Some migrations left indelible marks such as political tension between parts of the empire (e.g. Turkey and Bulgaria) whereas centrifugal effects were noticed in other territories, simpler demographics emerging from diverse populations. Economies were also impacted with the loss of artisans, merchants, manufacturers and agriculturists.[198] Since the 19th century, a large proportion of Muslim peoples from the Balkans emigrated to present-day Turkey. These people are called Muhacir.[199] By the time the Ottoman Empire came to an end in 1922, half of the urban population of Turkey was descended from Muslim refugees from Russia.[118]
Ottoman Turkish was the official language of the Empire. It was an Oghuz Turkic language highly influenced by Persian and Arabic. The Ottomans had several influential languages: Turkish, spoken by the majority of the people in Anatolia and by the majority of Muslims of the Balkans except in Albania and Bosnia; Persian, only spoken by the educated;[200] Arabic, spoken mainly in Egypt, the Levant, Arabia, Iraq, North Africa, Kuwait and parts of the Horn of Africa and Berber in North Africa. In the last two centuries, usage of these became limited, though, and specific: Persian served mainly as a literary language for the educated,[200] while Arabic was used for Islamic prayers. Turkish, in its Ottoman variation, was a language of military and administration since the nascent days of the Ottomans. The Ottoman constitution of 1876 did officially cement the official imperial status of Turkish.[201] In the post-Tanzimat period French became the common Western language among the educated.[12]
Because of a low literacy rate among the public (about 2–3% until the early 19th century and just about 15% at the end of the 19th century), ordinary people had to hire scribes as "special request-writers" (arzuhâlcis) to be able to communicate with the government.[202][203] The ethnic groups continued to speak within their families and neighborhoods (mahalles) with their own languages (e.g., Jews, Greeks, Armenians, etc.). In villages where two or more populations lived together, the inhabitants would often speak each other's language. In cosmopolitan cities, people often spoke their family languages; many of those who were not ethnic Turks spoke Turkish as a second language.
In the Ottoman imperial system, even though there existed a hegemonic power of Muslim control over the non-Muslim populations, non-Muslim communities had been granted state recognition and protection in the Islamic tradition.[204] The officially accepted state Dīn (Madh'hab) of the Ottomans was Sunni (Hanafi jurisprudence).[205]
Until the second half of the 15th century the empire had a Christian majority, under the rule of a Muslim minority.[165] In the late 19th century, the non-Muslim population of the empire began to fall considerably, not only due to secession, but also because of migratory movements.[204] The proportion of Muslims amounted to 60% in the 1820s, gradually increasing to 69% in the 1870s and then to 76% in the 1890s.[204] By 1914, only 19.1% of the empire's population was non-Muslim, mostly made up of Jews and Christian Greeks, Assyrians, and Armenians.[204]
Turkic peoples practiced a variety of shamanism before adopting Islam. Abbasid influence in Central Asia was ensured through a process that was greatly facilitated by the Muslim conquest of Transoxiana. Many of the various Turkic tribes—including the Oghuz Turks, who were the ancestors of both the Seljuks and the Ottomans—gradually converted to Islam, and brought the religion with them to Anatolia beginning in the 11th century. Since the founding of the Ottoman Empire, the Ottomans followed the Maturidi creed (school of Islamic theology) and the Hanafi madhab (school of Islamic jurisprudence).[207][208][209]
Muslim sects regarded as heretical, such as the Druze, Ismailis, Alevis, and Alawites, ranked below Jews and Christians.[210] In 1514, Sultan Selim I ordered the massacre of 40,000 Anatolian Alevis (Qizilbash), whom he considered a fifth column for the rival Safavid empire. Selim was also responsible for an unprecedented and rapid expansion of the Ottoman Empire into the Middle East, especially through his conquest of the entire Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. With these conquests, Selim further solidified the Ottoman claim for being an Islamic caliphate, although Ottoman sultans had been claiming the title of caliph since the 14th century starting with Murad I (reigned 1362 to 1389).[15] The caliphate would remain held by Ottoman sultans for the rest of the office's duration, which ended with its abolition on 3 March 1924 by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and the exile of the last caliph, Abdülmecid II, to France.
In the Ottoman Empire, in accordance with the Muslim dhimmi system, Christians were guaranteed limited freedoms (such as the right to worship). They were forbidden to carry weapons or ride on horseback, their houses could not overlook those of Muslims, in addition to various other legal limitations.[211] Many Christians and Jews converted in order to secure full status in the society. Most, however, continued to practice their old religions without restriction.[212]
Similar millets were established for the Ottoman Jewish community, who were under the authority of the Haham Başı or Ottoman Chief rabbi; the Armenian Orthodox community, who were under the authority of a head bishop; and a number of other religious communities as well.[215] Some argue that the millet system is an example of pre-modern religious pluralism.[216]
Society, government and religion was inter-related in complex ways after about 1800, in a complex overlapping, inefficient system that Atatürk systematically dismantled after 1922.[217][218] In Constantinople, the Sultan ruled two distinct domains: the secular government and the religious hierarchy. Religious officials formed the Ulama, who had control of religious teachings and theology, and also the Empire's judicial system, giving them a major voice in day-to-day affairs in communities across the Empire (but not including the non-Muslim millets). They were powerful enough to reject the military reforms proposed by Sultan Selim III. His successor Sultan Mahmud II (r. 1808–1839) first won ulama approval before proposing similar reforms.[219] The secularization program of Atatürk brought ended the ulema and their institutions. The caliphate was abolished, madrasas were closed down and the sharia courts abolished. He replaced the Arabic alphabet with Latin letters, ended the religious school system, and gave women some political rights. Many rural traditionalists never accepted this secularization, and by the 1990s they were reasserting a demand for a larger role for Islam.[220]
The political system was transformed by the destruction of the Janissaries in the Auspicious Incident of 1826. They were very powerful military/governmental/police force that revolted. Sultan Mahmud II crushed the revolt, executed the leaders, and disbanded the large organization. That set the stage for a slow process of modernization of government functions, as the government sought, with mixed success, to adopt the main elements of Western bureaucracy and military technology. The Janissaries had been recruited from Christians and other minorities; their abolition enabled the emergence of a Turkish elite to control the Ottoman Empire. The problem was that the Turkish element was very poorly educated, lacking higher schools of any sort, and locked into a Turkish language that used Arabic alphabet that inhibited wider learning. The large number of ethnic and religious minorities were tolerated in their own separate segregated domains called millets.[221] They were primarily Greek, Armenian or Jewish. In each locality they governed themselves, spoke their own language, ran their own schools, cultural and religious institutions, and paid somewhat higher taxes. They had no power outside the millett. The Imperial government protected them, and prevented major violent clashes between ethnic groups. However the millets showed very little loyalty to the Empire. Ethnic nationalism, based on distinctive religion and language, provided a centripetal force that eventually destroyed the Ottoman Empire.[222] In addition, Muslim ethnic groups, which were not part of the millett system, especially the Arabs and the Kurds, were outside the Turkish culture and develop their own separate nationalism. The British sponsored Arab nationalism in the First World War, promising an independent Arab state in return for Arab support. Most Arabs supported the Sultan but those near Mecca bought the British promise.[223]
At the local level, power was held beyond the control of the Sultan by the "ayan" or local notables. The ayan collected taxes, formed local armies to compete with other notables, took a reactionary attitude toward political or economic change, and often defied policies handed down by the Sultan.[224]
The economic system made little progress. Printing was forbidden until the 18th century, for fear of defiling the secret documents of Islam. The millets, however, Were allowed their own presses, using Greek, Hebrew, Armenian and other languages that greatly facilitated nationalism. The religious prohibition on charging interest foreclosed most of the entrepreneurial skills among Muslims, although it did flourish among the Jews and Christians.
After the 18th century, the Ottoman Empire was clearly shrinking, as Russia put on heavy pressure and expanded to its south; Egypt became effectively independent in 1805 and the British later took it over, along with Cyprus. Greece became independent, and Serbia and other Balkan areas became highly restive is the force of nationalism pushed against imperialism. The French took over Algeria and Tunisia. Europeans all thought it was a sick man in rapid decline. Only the Germans seemed helpful, in their support led to the Empire joining the central powers in 1915, and coming out one of the heaviest losers of the First World War in 1918.[225]
The Ottomans absorbed some of the traditions, art and institutions of cultures in the regions they conquered, and added new dimensions to them. Numerous traditions and cultural traits of previous empires (in fields such as architecture, cuisine, music, leisure and government) were adopted by the Ottoman Turks, who elaborated them into new forms, resulting in a new and distinctively Ottoman cultural identity. Despite newer added amalgamations, the Ottoman dynasty, like their predecessors in the Sultanate of Rum and the Seljuk Empire, were thoroughly Persianised in their culture, language, habits and customs, and therefore the empire has been described as a Persianate empire.[226][29][30][227] Intercultural marriages also played a part in creating the characteristic Ottoman elite culture. When compared to the Turkish folk culture, the influence of these new cultures in creating the culture of the Ottoman elite was clear.
Slavery was a part of Ottoman society,[228] with most slaves employed as domestic servants. Agricultural slavery, such as that which was widespread in the Americas, was relatively rare. Unlike systems of chattel slavery, slaves under Islamic law were not regarded as movable property, but maintained basic, though limited, rights. This gave them a degree of protection against abuse.[229] Female slaves were still sold in the Empire as late as 1908.[230] During the 19th century the Empire came under pressure from Western European countries to outlaw the practice. Policies developed by various Sultans throughout the 19th century attempted to curtail the Ottoman slave trade but slavery had centuries of religious backing and sanction and so slavery was never abolished in the Empire.[215]
Plague remained a major scourge in Ottoman society until the second quarter of the 19th century. "Between 1701 and 1750, 37 larger and smaller plague epidemics were recorded in Istanbul, and 31 between 1751 and 1801."[231]
In the Ottoman Empire each millet established a schooling system serving its members.[232] Education therefore was largely divided on ethnic and religious lines: few non-Muslims attended schools for Muslim students, and vice versa. Most institutions that did serve all ethnic and religious groups taught in French or in other languages.[233]
During the Tulip Era, it was under the influence of the highly ornamented styles of Western Europe; Baroque, Rococo, Empire and other styles intermingled. Concepts of Ottoman architecture concentrate mainly on the mosque. The mosque was integral to society, city planning and communal life. Besides the mosque, it is also possible to find good examples of Ottoman architecture in soup kitchens, theological schools, hospitals, Turkish baths and tombs.
The art of carpet weaving was particularly significant in the Ottoman Empire, carpets having an immense importance both as decorative furnishings, rich in religious and other symbolism, and as a practical consideration, as it was customary to remove one's shoes in living quarters.[241] The weaving of such carpets originated in the nomadic cultures of central Asia (carpets being an easily transportable form of furnishing), and eventually spread to the settled societies of Anatolia. Turks used carpets, rugs and kilims not just on the floors of a room, but also as a hanging on walls and doorways, where they provided additional insulation. They were also commonly donated to mosques, which often amassed large collections of them.[242]
The traditional shadow play called Karagöz and Hacivat was widespread throughout the Ottoman Empire and featured characters representing all of the major ethnic and social groups in that culture.[243][244] It was performed by a single puppet master, who voiced all of the characters, and accompanied by tambourine (def). Its origins are obscure, deriving perhaps from an older Egyptian tradition, or possibly from an Asian source.
Much of the cuisine of former Ottoman territories today is descended from a shared Ottoman cuisine, especially Turkish, and including Greek, Balkan, Armenian, and Middle Eastern cuisines.[245] Many common dishes in the region, descendants of the once-common Ottoman cuisine, include yogurt, döner kebab/gyro/shawarma, cacık/tzatziki, ayran, pita bread, feta cheese, baklava, lahmacun, moussaka, yuvarlak, köfte/keftés/kofta, börek/boureki, rakı/rakia/tsipouro/tsikoudia, meze, dolma, sarma, rice pilaf, Turkish coffee, sujuk, kashk, keşkek, manti, lavash, kanafeh, and more.
Science and technology
Over the course of Ottoman history, the Ottomans managed to build a large collection of libraries complete with translations of books from other cultures, as well as original manuscripts.[62] A great part of this desire for local and foreign manuscripts arose in the 15th century. Sultan Mehmet II ordered Georgios Amiroutzes, a Greek scholar from Trabzon, to translate and make available to Ottoman educational institutions the geography book of Ptolemy. Another example is Ali Qushji – an astronomer, mathematician and physicist originally from Samarkand – who became a professor in two madrasas and influenced Ottoman circles as a result of his writings and the activities of his students, even though he only spent two or three years in Constantinople before his death.[246]
Taqi al-Din built the Constantinople observatory of Taqi al-Din in 1577, where he carried out observations until 1580. He calculated the eccentricity of the Sun's orbit and the annual motion of the apogee.[247] However, the observatory's primary purpose was almost certainly astrological rather than astronomical, leading to its destruction in 1580 due to the rise of a clerical faction that opposed its use for that purpose.[248] He also experimented with steam power in Ottoman Egypt in 1551, when he invented a steam jack driven by a rudimentary steam turbine.[249]
An example of a watch that measured time in minutes was created by an Ottoman watchmaker, Meshur Sheyh Dede, in 1702.[252]
In the early 19th century, Egypt under Muhammad Ali began using steam engines for industrial manufacturing, with industries such as ironworks, textile manufacturing, paper mills and hulling mills moving towards steam power.[253] Economic historian Jean Batou argues that the necessary economic conditions existed in Egypt for the adoption of oil as a potential energy source for its steam engines later in the 19th century.[253]
The main sports Ottomans were engaged in were Turkish wrestling, hunting, Turkish archery, horseback riding, equestrian javelin throw, arm wrestling, and swimming. European model sports clubs were formed with the spreading popularity of football matches in 19th century Constantinople. The leading clubs, according to timeline, were Beşiktaş Gymnastics Club (1903), Galatasaray Sports Club (1905), Fenerbahçe Sports Club (1907), MKE Ankaragücü (formerly Turan Sanatkaragücü) (1910) in Constantinople. Football clubs were formed in other provinces too, such as Karşıyaka Sports Club (1912), Altay Sports Club (1914) and Turkish Fatherland Football Club (later Ülküspor) (1914) of İzmir.
See also
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We are working with our partners to tackle inequalities in all aspects of society, striving to make change for a fairer world and one in which people can enjoy a fulfilling, rewarding life. We explore what it means to be human — in historical and cultural contexts, within ethical and legal norms and through languages and communication.
From atoms to astronomy, computers to cars and robots to robust materials, our goal is to transform our understanding of the world to make life easier, healthier and more sustainable. Across the breadth of life and environmental sciences, we discover, apply and translate science to forge major advances in human and environmental health.
We address the challenges facing society and the economy, from shedding light on the refugee crisis, to character education in schools, through to developing leaders in the NHS. The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Birmingham.
This change will not be easy — it will require significant investment into restructuring our educational system and the worldwide labour market. Yet, the sooner we acknowledge our dependency on technology and the sooner we start seeing it as an opportunity rather than an obstacle, the more efficient and smooth will be the shift towards the new labour market ecosystem where humans and technology coexist in harmony.
These machines keep us alive, while other machines are coming to kill us. Interesting, isn't it? The power to give life, and the power to end it. Much of the current public debate concentrates on the discussions around whether humans will lose out to the machines in the labour markets of the future and, most importantly, by how much we are going to lose. The implication of AI for the UK economy and the labour market is also one of the major themes in the recent House of Lords report.
It is expected that automation will mostly affect low-skilled workers and there will be significant heterogeneity in the global impact of AI: the Netherlands, English-speaking and Scandinavian countries are least likely to feel the effects of robotics and automation whereas workers in Germany and Japan are likely to suffer most. When talking about the future of the labour markets in the new digital economy, sceptics concentrate not only on the job loss risk in absolute terms, but also on other potential negative effects of AI such as i technology of the future is likely to destroy more jobs than it will create; ii AI will increase inequality and polarisation on labour markets between low skilled and high skilled occupations; iii automation will lead to pay decrease for unskilled and even skilled workers, whose tasks could be easily automated etc.
Yet, these arguments are not new: through the centuries, the development of human civilisation was closely linked to the development of technology. This interrelation often catalysed major changes in our ways of life, employment, and education.
The latest major changes resulted from the Industrial Revolution of 18ththcentury. These changes were so profound that they have continued into the 20th century: in fact, our educational system is still structured to address the challenges sparkled by the technological changes of the 20th century. At the beginning of the 21st century when we see technology reach new heights, we understand that changes to the way we live and work are inevitable.
So, why are we so worried about these changes? What is different now? Behavioural science provides a partial answer to these questions. Could it be that it is not the change that makes us worried and it is not the scale of this change, but rather that AI and robotics affect our perception of control? Illusion of control is one of the strongest human biases — it refers to our tendency to overestimate our ability to control events.
Glee: Cc Press 4. Glee: Brittanyism. Photos Top cast Edit. Heather Morris Brittany S. Pierce as Brittany S. Pierce …. Harry Shum Jr. Mike Chang as Mike Chang …. Ian Brennan Narrator as Narrator …. More like this. Storyline Edit. Did you know Edit. Trivia Darren Criss got the part of Blaine after a nationwide open audition, in which anyone could upload a video onto Glee's Myspace page singing one of two songs they allowed.
He originally auditioned for the role of Finn. This is usually done to get around child labor laws, that won't allow teenagers to work full time on a set due to interfering with their real-life schooling. Lastly, it gives the general viewing audience who are teenagers or young people someone they can look up to. Quotes [repeated line] Sue Sylvester : Hey buddy. Connections Edited into Glee Encore User reviews Review. Top review. Entertaining feel-good dramedy; wild, like a small-town cousin of "The O.
It follows the students and faculty surrounding a high school glee club. The show exploits high school stereotypes the popular jocks and cheerleaders, the "losers" interested in music clubs, the dumb athlete, the flamboyant homosexual, etc. There are some emotions, but much of the show is light-hearted fun. I was reluctant to watch "Glee" because I'm not particularly into musical theater.
I finally checked it out and it's become something of a guilty pleasure. It's a good show, well-made and entertaining. I can see how the program is popular. I imagine it would be a hit with younger demographics mostly female? Audiences can relate to the high school experience fitting in, stress, dating and relationships, the usual.
Younger viewers might find the show inspirational at times. Overall, the show is pretty family-friendly, although there are sexual references. Another attraction of the show is its music. Each episode is peppered with musical numbers performed by the cast. Singing, dancing, the works. They cover pop hits of yesterday and today. The writers sneak these numbers into the script in two ways: when the glee club is rehearsing or performing a routine and when a character is singing out his or her emotions.
In the case of the latter, the singing does not "occur" within the reality of the show; it's used to emphasize the feelings inside the character. The show attempts to avoid the old method of spontaneously breaking out in song. The cast members are all talented singers to varying degrees and many are accomplished musical theater performers.
The performances are all great, with the singers belting it out and rocking the house. I can see fans of "American Idol" liking "Glee". TV viewers are really into vocalization nowadays. Personally I could do without some of the singing. I know that's the gimmick of the show, but I think it slows down the plot and I tend to be more interested in the story. But I can't deny that the performances are impressive. The show is not "realistic", but I don't think it strives to be.
It's silly sugar-coated escapism. In the "Glee" universe, endings tend to be happy and people learn valuable lessons. There's angst and tension, but no real heavy tragedy or anything. It's a more light-hearted show. And the show is pretty silly. Not to be mistaken for realism. Teachers forming a boy band? Any character in the show can prove to be a singing and dancing dynamo. Each passing episode seems to expose another student or faculty member as a musical talent.
And all of the characters are given interesting quirks and background stories, just for fun.
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Mud recycling systems were once considered optional equipment. Environmental regulations continue to become more stringent and we must all responsibly make a contribution to protect our fragile ecosystem.
Using mud recyclers are a valuable asset to drilling contractors, as well-conditioned drilling fluid can save resources, time and money by reducing the amount of water and chemicals needed by reusing your bentonite and water. This helps maintain borehole stability with consistent mud properties through the entire circulation of the fluid and you haul off mainly the drilled solids, not the entire mud returns, including the liquid.
Drillers considering a mud recycler often ask: “Where do I start?” There are factors to consider before purchasing (or renting) a mud recycler, and, just like sizing the drill rig, sizing the recycler is equally important to your success. The following are some of the questions to ask yourself before making your purchase:
1. Type of drill rig will you be using?
2. Length of your average bore?
3. GPM of my mud pump or do I need a mud pump on the recycler?
4. Type and size of shakers on the unit?
5. Shaker screen sizes and availability, what is “mesh size”?
6. How do I know if the recycler is working?
7. Purpose of hydrocyclones, and how are they rated?
8. Do I need a trash pump?
9. Parts, service and warranty?
These factors are important to know so that you use a recycler that is sized to clean the mud and protect the components on the rig, pump and cleaner.
Drilling rigs are generally classified as “maxi,” “midsize” and “compact. While you can put a maxi recycler with a compact rig, it would not be advisable to do the reverse. Lesson: size accordingly.
Generally, longer bore holes require a larger pit volume in order to properly process the drill solids before sending the fluid back down hole.
As a general rule, size the recycler cleaning capacity to one and a half to two times the pumping volume (max gpm) of the triplex pump. HDD drillers normally run thicker fluids due to the low vertical height and long horizontal lengths of their bores; thicker fluid makes it more difficult for the shakers and cones to process (separate) the solids from the liquids. This is largely due to the natural coating ability of bentonite — It wants to encapsulate the solids and “hold on” to them. By upsizing the recycler, the solid particles have a second or third opportunity to process through the mud recycler for removal before going back to the rig.
Example: If you are pumping 200 gpm, you would need a 350- to 400-gpm recycler.
Some mud recyclers provide an “onboard” mud pump that was sized specifically to the recycler. This enables the driller to use all available drill rig horsepower toward the rotation and push-pull of the drill pipe, thereby not “robbing” it for an onboard triplex pump.
Most recyclers today use orbital, elliptical or linear motion shakers, and each has a place in different drilling scenarios. With that being said, linear motion shakers generate high G-Forces and are especially effective in shallow formation sections where high-volume, heavy solids are encountered, and have the ability to remove the solids quickly.
When choosing a linear shaker for your mud system, look for a long runway (area of length from the front of the shaker to the end where the cuttings dump off). The longer length shaker bed allows extra time for solids to separate from the liquid, and result in drier solids leaving the mud system for disposal. You can also increase the angle of the shaker bed by five degrees to further increase the travel time of the solids.
Proper shaker screen selection enhances the results of the mud recycler, and, combined with the G-Force of the shaker, works in tandem to maximize solids dryness. In the past, shaker screens were sized by mesh size.
Mud recycling systems
Before buying your recycler, do your research, talk to other drillers, decide what you need and you will be able to make the best decision for you and your company.
Example: 40 mesh screen had 40 openings per square inch of screen area. As a measurement, this left room for a lot of unknown variables, including questioning what gauge wire was used in the manufacture of the screens. The wire gauge altered the size of openings on the screen surface and resulted in changing the size of the solids that the screen could pass or “cut.”
The industry needed a consistent way to measure the “cut point” of the screens, and the API introduced the D100 designation, or D100 “cut point” using the average micron cut of the shaker screen, depending on the wire. Two examples are the CRX Oblong and UF square meshes.
Identification of particle sizes from core samples taken on each drilling location provides drillers valuable information and aids in selecting screens. Drilling contractors should carry a couple of testing tools to measure the effectiveness of a of the mud recycler while drilling. These tools are: a Marsh funnel and cup, sand content kit and mud weight scales. Taking mud samples from the return pit or possum belly before the mud is processed, the underflow and overflow of the cones and the clean mud tank help monitor the effectiveness of each component of the recycler, and the driller can make component adjustments to achieve maximum efficiency.
In addition to the shale shakers, another way to size the processing capability of the mud recycler is to look at the hydrocyclone. Depending on the size of the mud recycling system, cone size will be 4, 5, 10 or 12 in. Each size cone has a micron “cut point,” and represents the size of the smallest particle the cone can “pull.” Four- and 5-in. cones have a 20-micron “cut point,” and 10- and 12-in. cones have a 74-micron “cut point.” Smaller mud systems normally have two section tanks, with a ”dirty” tank under the scalping shaker and a “clean” tank under the mud cleaner (shaker with desilting cones), while larger systems can have three section tanks with scalping, desanding and desilting.
One hydrocyclone processes liquid at a rate of 50 gpm/ 4-in. cone, 80 gpm/ 5-in. cone, and 500 gpm/ 10-in. or 12-in. cone. Some manufacturers’ volume amount for their respective cone sizes may differ than those cited herein, but these are the most common within the industry for reference purposes.
Maintaining proper pressure is essential for the hydrocyclones to work effectively, with the normal operating pressure range for 4- and 5-in. cones of 30 to 40 psi; 10- and 12-in. cones of 23 to 35 psi. Pressure above 45 to 50 psi cause premature internal cone wear, and lower pressure down around 20 to 22 psi is a “red flag” that you better consider rebuilding the centrifugal(s) to maintain pressure in the optimum range.
Borehole returns require transport into the recycler via a “trash” pump properly sized for the job. Different pumps are available, but the three most common are: 1) submersible, 2) semi-submersible, and 3) aboveground centrifugal with a foot valve. Totally submersible pumps are generally the smallest in size, have a flooded suction to help in priming, and though the most convenient option, are usually the most expensive. Semi-submersible trash pumps still have a flooded suction, but the drive motor is not submerged into the fluid. Semi-submersible pumps work well, but are heavier, and longer than the submersible pumps. Another option is an above ground centrifugal pump with a foot valve, and once primed, is dependable and normally used on larger recyclers for their increased volume capacities.
If your drilling crew has never operated a mud recycler, be sure that you are provided with training and try renting a unit to make sure it is the right “fit” prior to purchase. Be familiar with the maintenance requirements of your mud system; usually the owner’s manual is sufficient, but inquire if the manufacturer offers training videos, onsite or plant training sessions and — the most important — technical support.
A manufacturer should stand behind the equipment its builds so don’t settle for a warranty less than one year. Ask questions about the warranty prior to finalizing the purchase.
In an age where protection of our planet is a major concern, so should your choice of mud systems. Choose a recycler that is respectful to the environment and leaves your jobsite as clean as possible. Do your research, talk to other drillers, decide what you need and you will be able to make the best decision for you and your company.
John Miller is CEO of Mud Technology International Inc., Athens, Texas.
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3 Tips to Prepare Yourself Now Pools are Open
As lockdowns start to ease, especially in the United Kingdom and elsewhere in Europe, pools will soon reopen for the public. However, after many months of not swimming, it's important to use these tips in order to make sure that you are prepared to get back in the water.
1. Mobility Work
Unless you live by the coast or have had access to an open-water swimming venues, it's unlikely that you have actually been swimming. Because we haven't been going through the exact paterns that you would when you swim, it's likely that your upper-body has become tighter. Especially if you have been adding in land-based swim-training or strength training. It's therefore very important to do some mobility work before getting into the water as it will help ease your body back into swimming.
This is because swimming requires a lot of flexibility, especially in the shoulders and the upper-body. Mobility exercises will help to regain some of that mobility that you may have lost during lockdown. Try adding in a couple of extra shoulder mobility exercises after a dryland training session or a yoga session, for example.
2. Getting The Feel For The Water Back
No matter how much dryland training you have been doing over the lockdown period, it will never be quite the same as actually swimming in the water. Therefore, it's going to take some time to regain that feeling - this time, however, we are hoping that you would have been able to maintain the strength in your arms. Even if you have lost the feeling for the water, it's important that you are able to maintain your strength.
When you do get back in the water it's super important that you are dialed in with your technique so that you can keep up your good habits while you relearn the muscle-memory that you once had. GB Pro Kieran Lindars suggest trying some skulling drills to try regain the feeling for the water. Kieran suggests using the front skull technique with your hands reached out in front making small skulling motions. He also suggests the under the body skull technique where you have your arms bent in a high-elbow position in the water.
3. Maximising Your Pool Time
If the reintroduction is anything like the first lockdown in the U.K, there will be a very limited amount of pool times and a strict schedule. One of the best ways Kieran maximises his limited pool time is by warming-up on the ZEN8 Swim Trainer at home before going to his pool swim-session. By being able to warm-up at home it allows you to maximise your swim time by cutting out a warm-up in the pool. If you only have 45 or 60 minutes in the pool, skipping the warm-up will save more time for specific swim-workouts and main-sets - thus maximising your time in the pool.
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Tag Archive for: FL real estate lawyer
Orange County, Florida Commissioners Approve $20 Million Plan that Will Pay Landlords to Keep Renters in Their Homes
With Governor Ron DeSantis’ moratorium set to expire on September 1st, lawmakers in Orange County decided more needs to be done to protect their residents from being evicted from their homes during the tough times the COVID-19 pandemic has…
Orlando, Florida, What is a short sale and how long do they take to settle?
Despite the name, short sales can sometimes take months before a deal is reached. The reason being is that the mortgage lender must approve an offer before it can be accepted, and a house can be sold. If you are a homeowner in Orlando who would…
As COVID-19 Cases Surge in Florida So Does the Demand for Orlando Homes
Although the COVID-19 pandemic has shuttered businesses, costing people their jobs and source of income, news sources are reporting that residential real estate is on the rise in Orlando, FL. According to the Orlando Business Journal, real estate…
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The Real Cost of Employee Turnover
THE REAL COST OF EMPLOYEE A TURNOVER In any business, employee turnover can be a real problem. Not only does it affect the productivity and continuity of the organization, but it can also reflect badly on the organization as a whole if the turnover rate is too high. Employee turnover has a variety of associated costs, including interviewing, hiring, training, reduced productivity, lost opportunity costs and more. Here's a look at what employee turnover is really costing your business. THE CURRENT STATE OF EMPLOYEE TURNOVER Forbes published a fascinating article that provided some startling statistics on employee raises and turnover. In this article, they found: 1.3% Underperformers expected around 1.3%.' 4.5% Top performers 3% In 2014, the average raise for employees expected expected around 4.5%.' was around 3%.' 1% However, the inflation rate was 2.1% in 2014, which meant that a raise was actually less than 1%.' When an employee leaves a company, the average raise is between a 10% to 20% increase in salary. Cameron Keng, the author of the article, says, "The worst kept secret is that employees are making less on average every year. Staying employed at the same company for over two years on average is going to make you earn less over your 10% 20% lifetime by about 50% or more." WHAT EMPLOYEE TURNOVER COSTS Whenever you lose an employee, there is a cost associated with it. While many businesses do not think they can afford to increase salaries, they might learn that turnover will ultimately cost them more in the long-run. Zen Workplace provided some interesting stats on what turnover really costs an organization:? "For entry-level employees, it costs between 30% and 50% of their annual 30% - 50% salary to replace them.2" 150% "For mid-level employees, it costs upwards of 150% of their annual salary to replace them.2" "For high-level or highly specialized employees, you're looking at 400% of 400% their annual salary.2" Zen Workplace uses these numbers to provide a fictional but plausible example. Let's say that a "business loses around 12 employees in one year, averaging one per month.2" Four of these employees were "Six of these employees were entry-level, with an average salary of $40,000. It costs, on average, $16,000 to replace each employee at 40% of their annual salary, for $96,000 total.2" mid-level, with an average salary of $80,000. It costs, on average, $120,000 to replace each employee at 150% of their annual salary, for $480,000 total.2" Two of these employees were senior, with an average salary of $120,000. At 400% of their annual salary to replace them, you're looking at almost $1 million, specifically $960,000.2" $96,000 $480,000 $960,000 $1.5 MILLION Based on this example, it will cost your organization over $1.5 million to replace all of these employees. The overwhelming conclusion from this data is that "it costs less to retain than it does to replace.2" THE MISSING INGREDIENT: EFFECTIVE EMPLOYEE EVALUATION PROGRAMS All of this information begs the question of why loyal employees are getting the short end of the stick and those who jump around are making more and more money each year. Businesses should be evaluating their employees on a regular basis to analyze their performance and help employees grow. But, a standard annual review won't help the organization or employees; an effective employee evaluation program needs to be ongoing and constructive. Josh Bersin, a contributor to, provided some great suggestions for successful evaluation programs:3 Forbes suggests that you "separate the discussions about performance from discussions about potential and future career plans, 3* A big part of employee growth is allowing them to set their own goals, but have managers give feedback on a regular basis. Resetting them can be important, too. Employees want regular feedback, so provide a "feedback-rich culture and set of tools that encourages all employees to give each other feedback.3" Focus on producing great talent and not just output. Instead of assuming a percentage of employees will perform poorly, Managers need to be able to "assess performance regularly" so that they can give feedback on a daily or weekly basis. use assessments to determine if Companies who help their employees grow will thrive. the individual is in the right position or needs guidance on how to succeed. Investment in employees will encourage them to stay. The reality is that employee turnover costs businesses a significant amount of time, money and resources in comparison to remediating and retaining them. Evaluating employee performance and providing constructive feedback is the best way to help employees grow, decrease employee turnover and drive organizational loyalty. Let's chat. Request a demo now: Interested in creating an evaluation program for your organization? Request a free trial of Standard For Success, an employee evaluation software that streamlines employee evaluations in order to drive improvement and organizational efficiency. Our software collects data in a meaningful way to collect data that will drive results. 99% The best part? Over the past 3 years, we've been able to maintain a 99% client retention rate due to our superior customer service. Standard For Success Infographic by DK New Media Employee Evaluation Solutions Sources 1. 2. 3.
The Real Cost of Employee Turnover
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Employee turnover has a variety of associated costs, including interviewing, hiring, training, reduced productivity, lost opportunity costs and more. In this infographic, we’ve provided a quick look...
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How to Calculate 1/1 Plus 8/1
Are you looking to work out and calculate how to add 1/1 plus 8/1? In this really simple guide, we'll teach you exactly what 1/1 + 8/1 is and walk you through the step-by-process of how to add two fractions together.
Let's set up 1/1 and 8/1 side by side so they are easier to see:
1 / 1 + 8 / 1
In this calculation, some of the hard work has already been done for us because the denominator is the same in both fractions. All we need to do is add the numerators together and keep the denominator as it is:
1 + 8 / 1 = 9 / 1
You're done! You now know exactly how to calculate 1/1 + 8/1. Hopefully you understood the process and can use the same techniques to add other fractions together. The complete answer is below (simplified to the lowest form):
Convert 1/1 plus 8/1 to Decimal
9 / 1 = 9
Cite, Link, or Reference This Page
• "How to Calculate 1/1 plus 8/1". Accessed on September 30, 2022.
• "How to Calculate 1/1 plus 8/1"., Accessed 30 September, 2022.
• How to Calculate 1/1 plus 8/1. Retrieved from
Preset List of Fraction Addition Examples
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Integrate Third-party Authentication with OpenID Connect
You can integrate a third-party authentication provider with person authentication in the Conductor using OpenID Connect (OIDC). If your users are already configured for single sign-on (SSO) with a third party, or if you have a large number of users, this integration streamlines your user management.
Note: You can only configure one OpenID Connect provider on the Conductor at a time. If you need to support many OIDC authentication providers simultaneously, you can choose providers that support federated login so you can connect to one provider and have that provider connect to other providers to authenticate users.
Important: To use OpenID Connect on macOS or iOS Airwall Agents, you must have a public certificate on your Conductor.
User Roles
In the Airwall Conductor, you configure person roles in OIDC by including them in groups. The OIDC group names are pre-configured in the Conductor, so when you make a person a member of one of the OIDC groups in the OIDC provider, they are automatically given that role in the Conductor. For instance, you can declare that all members of the OIDC provider’s cond_system_admins group are system administrators in the Conductor, and that members of the OIDC cond_remote_users group are remote-access users.
Multi-factor Authentication
If your OIDC provider supports a multi-factor authentication (MFA) protocols, you can use MFA on your provider to require MFA for logging into your Conductor or for Airwall Agent session authentication.
Integrate Authentication with the Conductor
To successfully integrate authentication, you must
1. Create and configure an application in your authentication provider.
2. Configure OIDC on the Conductor.
3. Set up Airwall Agents.
4. Verify third-party authentication is working
Since each provider is different, refer to the basics required here, and then the Provider-specific instructions that follow for integrating with some popular providers that support OIDC.
1. Create and configure an application in your authentication provider
Create and configure the application in your provider using the Provider-specific Instructions before connecting it to the Airwall Conductor. Each provider’s workflow is different, but here are the general steps:
1. Create an OpenID Connect application.
2. Configure it with the following information:
Field Enter
Name Whatever you want. For example, “Airwall Conductor
Login Redirect URI
Your Conductor URI followed by /user/auth/openid_connect/callback. For example:
Note – If your Conductor is HA paired, add a second login redirect URI, with the same path added.
Logout Redirect URI Your Conductor URI:
3. Depending on your provider, set the authentication method to basic, or indicate you are using an authorization code for authentication (not a refresh token).
4. Allow the groups claim for grant. The groups claim is what allows the Conductor to match a user’s group with what role they are given. Because groups is not a default OIDC claim, it must be turned on in the provider. For more details, see the Provider-specific instructions.
5. Create four groups: cond_system_admins, cond_readonly_admins, cond_network_admins, and cond_remote_users to indicate the four different Conductor roles.
6. Add users to each group so they are assigned the correct role when logging into Conductor.
7. Give your users access to the application you created in your provider.
8. If you want to require MFA to log in, set it up in the OIDC provider. Generally MFA is associated with the app. Please consult your provider documentation for detailed instructions on setting up MFA.
2. Configure OIDC on the Airwall Conductor
1. Go to Conductor Settings.
2. Next to Authentication, select Add provider.
3. Select OpenID Connect and then select Next.
4. On the Add Authentication Provider page, under General settings, configure the Provider settings as follows (see the Provider-specific Instructions for help in finding this information):
For this Setting Enter
Provider Name Give your provider a descriptive name. This name appears as an option when logging into the Conductor.
Conductor host Host of your Conductor. Must be in the format (no trailing slash)
OpenID Connect host Must be in the format{optional port}
Issuer Issuer provided by your OIDC provider. Sometimes this value is the same as the OpenID Connect host depending on the provider.
Client ID (sometimes called Identifier) Token provided by your OIDC provider associated with the provider application
Secret Secret token that goes with the Client ID
5. For HA-paired Conductor host, enter the Host of your HA Conductor (if applicable).
6. Configure the Group settings as follows, and then click Next:
For this Setting Enter
Use groups to manage roles Checked
System admin groups Comma-separated list of groups from your provider that will give your user this role.
Read-only admin groups Comma-separated list of groups from your provider that will give your user this role.
Remote-access user groups Comma-separated list of groups from your provider that will give your user this role.
Note: If users are in groups that match more than one of the roles, they are given the highest level of access possible (system admin, read-only admin, network admin, then remote-access user).
7. Configure any Group filters you want, and click Finish.
8. If you have non-public DNS servers configured in the Conductor under Global Airwall Agent/client settings, your users won’t be able to reach the public addresses on their devices that include the OpenID Connect providers. You may need to configure DNS servers on the Conductor to add your OpenID Connect provider’s DNS server.
9. After changing OIDC configuration, you need to log out and log back in to the Conductor to restart it. When you log back in, you can now choose your third-party authentication provider.
3. Set up the Airwall Agents
Any Airwall Agents authenticating using your third-party provider also need to be set up:
1. Provision and License Airwall Edge Services in the Conductor.
2. Go to the Overlays page, scroll down to People, and click Update, and add the Airwall Agent as a member.
3. Also check that:
1. Airwall Agents are included in your Airwall Relay rules.
2. Airwall Agent devices have been added to the appropriate Overlays, and you’ve set device trust on the Overlays as needed.
Your users should now be able to log in using the third-party authentication provider.
Require third-party authentication
You can also require users to authenticate using the third-party provider either individually or as a group (in 2.2.3 and later Conductors). On the agent's Airwall Agent tab, or on a People Group Properties tab:
• Check the Require authenticated Airwall session box.
• Under Provider, choose the third-party authentication provider you created.
Provider-specific Instructions
Here are specific instructions for a few of the common third-party authentication providers. Note your provider’s documentation may be more up-to-date.
Okta - Create Application and Set Up Group Claims
Create an Application
1. In Okta, go to Applications.
2. Select Add Application.
3. Under Create New Application, select Web.
4. Set Allowed grant type to Authorization code.
5. Set the OpenID Connect host to the same value as the Issuer in Conductor. This value is found on the under OpenID Connect ID Token on the Sign on tab.
6. Note the Client ID and Secret that are in your application, on the General tab under Client Credentials.
7. Set up Groups Claim (see below).
Set up Groups Claim
To set up Okta to allow the groups claim in OpenID Connect, use the Classic UI.
1. In Okta Authentication, go to Security, and select API.
2. From the Authorization Servers tab, open the default API (or whatever API you are assigning to your application).
3. On the Scopes tab:
1. Add a scope named groups.
2. Uncheck Set as Default.
3. Check Include in Public Metadata.
4. On the Claims tab:
1. Add a claim named groups.
2. Set Include in token type to ID Token / Always
3. Set Value type to Groups
4. Set a filter of Matches regex to .*. Alternatively, set a filter of Starts with and set to the prefix for your group names that you want to use in Conductor. For example, set Starts with to cond_.
5. Set Include in to Any scope.
OneLogin - Create Application
1. In OneLogin, select Add App, and then choose OpenID Connect (OIDC).
2. Set Authentication method to basic.
3. Add users to the roles you want. For example, to make them a system admin, add them to cond_sysadmins.
Note: In OneLogin, roles are mapped to OIDC groups (groups mean something else), so add users to roles, not groups.
4. In your OneLogin application, on the Parameters tab, configure the roles-to-groups mapping. Edit the groups and modify the default on the Roles field to: User roles, --No transform—.
5. Note the information you’ll need to configure the Conductor:
1. OpenID Connect host: This is your OneLogin login URL, for example,
2. Issuer: On the SSO tab, select OpenID Provider Configuration Information for the Issuer.
3. Client ID and Secret: These are both on the SSO tab.
Auth0 - Create Application
1. In Auth0, under Applications, select Create Application, and then Regular Web Application.
2. Skip the quick start.
3. On your new application's Settings page:
1. Change Application Properties > Token Endpoint Authentication Method to Basic.
2. In Application URIs > Allowed Callback URLs, add the login redirect URI. See the Login Redirect URI near the top of this page.
3. In Application URIs > Allowed Logout URLs, add the logout redirect URI. See the Logout Redirect URI near the top of this page.
Note: Auth0 does not currently support OpenID Connect Logout.
4. Note the following information in Auth0 that you’ll need to configure the Conductor:
• Basic Information > Domain: On the Conductor, you enter this information as Open Connect host and Issuer (note that the https is required).
• Basic Information > Client ID and Client Secret: On the Conductor, you enter this information as Client ID and Secret.
5. When finished, select Save Changes at the bottom of the Settings page.
4. Add the rule required by Auth0 to set OIDC groups. (In Auth0, roles map to groups on the Conductor.)
1. Under Auth Pipeline > Rules, select Create Rule.
2. Select Empty Rule.
3. Set the name to Add groups to OIDC token.
4. Add this rule:
function (user, context, callback) {
const namespace = 'https://<your issuer>';
const assignedRoles = (context.authorization || {}).roles;
let idTokenClaims = context.idToken || {};
let accessTokenClaims = context.accessToken || {};
idTokenClaims[`${namespace}/groups`] = assignedRoles;
accessTokenClaims[`${namespace}/groups`] = assignedRoles;
context.idToken = idTokenClaims;
context.accessToken = accessTokenClaims;
callback(null, user, context);
5. Change the namespace in the rule to be your Auth0 issuer. Example:
5. Following Auth0 instructions, add roles to users that give them the proper role in the Conductor.
Azure Active Directory - Create Application
Note that the Azure AD documentation may be more up-to-date and the settings in your Azure AD account may vary.
1. In Azure Active Directory (AD), select App registrations.
Azure Active Directory menu
2. Select New Registration, and fill in the form as follows:
• Name – Enter a name for the Application (for example, "Airwall Conductor").
• Supported account types – Select Accounts in any organizational directory (Any Azure AD directory – multitenant).
• Redirect URI – Select Web, and then enter the URL of your Conductor followed by/user/auth/openid_connect/callback:
Azure AD Register an application dialog box
3. Click Register. Take a note of the Application (client) ID and the Directory (tenant) ID provided by Azure AD.
Once you’ve registered the Application, Azure AD provides a set of IDs that you configure in the Conductor when you set up Azure AD as an OIDC provider. Here is how they map to the Edit Authentication Provider options in the Conductor:
Azure AD IDs mapped to Conductor OIDC fields (details in the bulleted list following)
• Application (client) ID – Enter in the Client ID box.
• Directory (tenant) ID – Append this ID to enter in the Issuer box .
4. In Azure AD, create a Client Secret:
1. Select Certificates & secrets.
2. Select New client secret.
Azure AD Certificates & secrets page
3. Add a description, and select when the secret expires.
Azure AD Add a client secret page
4. Select Add.
5. On the Client secrets page, copy the Value (not the ID). Enter the Value as the secret in the Conductor.
Mapping the Azure AD Secret Value to the Secret box in Conductor
6. From the newly registered application in Azure AD, select Authentication.
7. Under Implicit grant, verify that ID tokens is checked.
8. In the Azure AD application, set up the groups claim:
1. From the menu on the left, select Token configuration.
2. Select Add groups claim.
3. Check all of the group types:
Azure AD Edit groups claim page with all group types selected
4. Under Customize token properties by type, expand and configure the properties as follows:
• ID – Select sAMAccountName.
• Access – Select sAMAccountName.
• SAML – This is not used.
9. In Azure AD, create the groups you want to use for the Conductor. Here are some suggested groups:
• cond_network_admins
• cond_readonly_admins
• cond_remote_users
• cond_system_admins
Azure AD showing the groups above created for use in the Conductor
10. Add users to Azure AD, and assign them to the appropriate groups for Conductor access:
Azure AD showing adding users
You are now ready to configure Azure AD as an OIDC provider in the Conductor as described in 2. Configure OIDC on the Airwall Conductor. For the mappings from Azure AD to the Conductor, see steps 3 to 7 above.
Verify third-party authentication is working
To verify your configuration:
1. Log out of Conductor.
2. Open an incognito window and log in, choosing the provider name you chose in the Conductor.
3. Log in as a user you’ve set up with third-party provider. You should be able to log in to the Conductor using your third-party provider credentials.
To verify a client can connect:
• After the client logs in using the third-party provider, ping the client.
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web analytics
Some years ago I used to talk about a witches’ brew of several causative factors of the current white malaise. Not anymore.
Christianity is the main culprit.
The Chinese have imitated whites in both capitalism and technology, but they aren’t facing extinction because their moral grammar wasn’t corrupted with a Levantine infection.
It’s just that simple. Reductionist explanations work per Occam’s razor. —C.T.
8 Replies on “Self-quote
1. This was my original 2012 statement about the ‘brew’ that’s killing whites. The difference is that now I focus more on Xtianity:
Individualism, universalism, weak ethnocentrism (‘hardwired’ characteristics in the White psyche since prehistoric times) + egalitarianism, liberalism, capitalism (cultural ‘software’ after the Revolution which ironically strengthened Christian axiology) + the Jewish culture of critique in the 20th century = a truly lethal brew for the White peoples.
2. Caesar,
While I agree Christianity is cancer, are there not underlying genetic factors that contribute to our catastrophic adoption and application of it? Black Christians, both in America and Africa, do not exhibit ethno-suicidal behavior, after all.
1. Theirs is another Christianity altogether as they have extremely primitive minds. What would be nice is to know what would have happened if some whites weren’t Christianized, e.g., if the Vikings had conquered America. But that is only an experiment of the imagination.
1. The Jew uses Christian Zionists, and other forms including Islamic varieties, as attack dogs against the (formerly?) White West.
Jew-wise non-Zionized Christians are crippled because their mythtardation severely weakens effective action. Trashing these NPC-types will assist kikejewed communists as they cajole their lemmings into extreme violence against them.
Targeting the Jew flushes out both the Jew and its non-Jew Zionist of every stripe.
1. I disagree. I recently mentioned, again, the Deschner book we translated.
Many of the early Church fathers, as you can read from Deschner’s book, were rabid anti-Semites. But the infection was Xtian axiology. For example, these ‘fathers’ criticised the ethnocentrism of the Jews. For them, everyone must be universalist.
What these early anti-Semites ignored is that the apple of Christianity contained poison for the Gentiles. As I have said many times, ethnocentrism for me (OT) but universalism for thee (NT).
It was not enough to be anti-Semitic to understand this poison. You had to be an anti-Christian like Celsus or Porphyry (but the Imperial Church burned their writings…).
2. Whites have such a high sense of altruism to the point of being pathological (which is supposed to be linked to “intelligence” evidently). When paired with the Judæo-Christian virus with its universalist ethics, Whites’ high sense of altruism is exploited and their perception of in-group/out-group is completely distorted. Via these universalist ethics, they extend beyond their ethnic in-group and contribute to their own ethnosuicide.
3. Thank you for that translation. Very much appreciated!
The issue is not “anti-Semitism” but survival tactics. Targeting the Jew will flush out enemies: Christian, Jew, and others.
Constantine used this Abrahamic mythology for political reasons, becoming a traitor to the West.
Our own ‘Leaders’ have been and are the Main Enemy.
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‘THINK on THESE THINGS’ for January 24th
By Joyce Sequichie Hifler
There must be a great many persons who have questioned their own wisdom in having fought for a principle. To so many, it seems all they gleaned from it was the title “different”. Isn’t this why so many refuse to stand up for what they believe? We look at them in disbelief, the idea that someone is trying to attract attention. If they are not twitted about their actions they are treated with cold indifference which can be even worse.
It seems that if persons have the strength to say they will fight for a certain truth, they must also have the strength to fight alone without depending on those around them to tell them how they should conform. They must not be embarrassed to be counted as unusual in the pursuit of their particular belief.
But the individuals who find themselves alone in the stand they take must remember that if it is truth they are following it will eventually win and at least they can live with themselves. Not everyone can say that.
H.W. Beecher has written, “It is often said it is no matter what a man believes if he is only sincere. But let a man sincerely believe that seed planted without ploughing is as good as with; that January is as favorable for seed-sowing as April; and that cockle seed will produce as good a harvest as wheat, and is it so?”
Sincerity, like trust, must be rooted in those basic truths that are for the good of everyone. If that which we sincerely believe in and live by is truly good, then the results will speak so loudly that all who really want to will see. Until we sincerely want to know good and do good, we will never know it. And until we do, we only half live
Available online! ‘Cherokee Feast of Days’
By Joyce Sequichie Hifler.
Click Here to Buy her books at Amazon.com
Elder’s Meditation of the Day
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Elder’s Meditation of the Day – January 24
Elder’s Meditation of the Day – January 24
“Always listen to what the Elders say.”
In school we have been taught to go to the encyclopedia when we need information about certain subjects. From the time we are little, we have a natural tendency to seek out role models. When we need information about living we tend to seek out books about living. These maybe self help books. The world is full of information. For the Native people, we have our Elders. All races have Elders. Our lives will run much smoother when we listen to the Elders. They don’t always tell us what we want to hear but they always tell us what we need to hear. The Elders have the ability to make the truth sweet.
Creator, thank You for the Elders. Help me this day to listen to them.
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January 24 – Daily Feast
January 24 – Daily Feast
‘A Cherokee Feast of Days’, by Joyce Sequichie Hifler
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The Daily Motivator for Jan. 24th – Making adjustments
Making adjustments
— Ralph Marston
The Daily Motivator
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The Daily OM for January 24th – The Whole Is Greater
The Whole Is Greater
Women’s Circles
by Madisyn Taylor
Women’s circles perfectly illustrate the idea that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
Women’s circles are formal or informal gatherings in the interest of bonding, sharing energy, and creating ritual. The origins of women’s circles are ancient, but their applications are as modern as the women who participate in them. There are no hard and fast rules as to how to form a women’s circle or how to run one. Some circles invent their own agendas, rituals, goals, and ceremonies, while others borrow ideas from sources as far-ranging as Buddhist or Native American cultures. Some circles are open to new members at all times, while others prefer to practice with a set number of members, closing the circle once that number is reached.
In a typical gathering, the women who are present sit in a circle. Generally, for the sake of cohesiveness, one woman is chosen to lead the circle each time. Allowing a different woman to lead each meeting allows for a multi-perspective approach to the process. One circle leader may choose to create and teach a ritual involving using the voice to release negative energy, while at the next meeting another leader may feel inspired to lead a silent meditation. On the other hand, a circle may choose to be more focused over the long term and gather around a particular intention, such as working together to determine a course for healing Mother Earth. When the healing feels complete, the women may choose to stay together with a new focus for their work, or the circle may disband.
At their best, women’s circles perfectly illustrate the idea that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. The work that can be accomplished within the loving embrace of our sisters is far more powerful than what we could achieve on our own. If you are not already part of a circle, you may want to start one. Follow your intuition as to the women with whom you’d like to work, reach out to them, and set a date to begin. After that, you can simply allow the circle to create itself. Men need not be forgotten when it comes to circles and they, too, can come together to form their own circles and create strong bonds and healing in a way that is specific to all men.
The Daily OM
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Practicing What We Preach
Practicing What We Preach
Author: Kricket
Many pagans have been ridiculing each other’s paths. Though they claim to be open and accepting of other views, they are human, and therefore opinionated. When hearing of a path that disagrees almost entirely with their own, many pagans will feel a need to explain how the other person is wrong. It is seen every day within the community in the ridicule of the openly intolerant practices of certain branches of Christianity. Although the majority of the pagan community has a higher average of open-mindedness than the rest of the world, many individuals see only their own way as the right way.
What these people lack is simply the desire to understand. No longer are they the questioning student, brimming with curiosity for the mysteries of the universe; they feel that they have advanced enough to preach these mysteries to others. Like John Travolta admits to Uma Thurman in Pulp Fiction, these pagans and people in general talk more than they listen, and they should be trying to listen a little more often.
Recently, I had an encounter in a bookstore that caught my attention more than usual. I was in the New Age aisle, looking for a specific book about Norse Magic. There was a man on my right who made me slightly uncomfortable. He felt wrong. I tried not to show my discomfort, because I prefer to not draw strong conclusions about people I do not know.
Soon enough, he began talking to me. He seemed polite enough; he was not trying to get my number or ask me out — which is a major step up from many other guys who try to start a conversation in a store — but he was more interested in the types of magick that I do not particularly like to engage in. I was not going to persecute him for being interested in Aleister Crowley’s books or for having an interest in the more macabre aspects of witchcraft. I knew that he would just be another person who was trying to teach me. It was entirely up to me if I wanted to practice in the same way that he did.
Our brief conversation consisted of he asking me what type of magick I practice and then he seemed to assume that because I focus on natural magick and working with herbs, I am naturally just beginning my path into the more metaphysical side of life… and so I would be easily drawn in by the more “adventurous and powerful” magick that he practiced.
I found the situation to be amusing. He could not have known that I have been practicing for four years now and was practicing without knowing what exactly I was doing for three years before that. I felt that I could watch and listen to him without feeling threatened. I already know what I feel comfortable with.
Unfortunately for the man, the lady who entered the aisle during our conversation also did not know that I have a good sense of self and that I am not going to suddenly go to the “dark side” just because a man says it is more “powerful.”
When the man left to find me a book on Voodoo magick, the woman began telling me what kind of trouble his type of magick would bring. She began recommending many books that were for beginners. I attempted to communicate that I already had or have read the books, but my efforts were lost on her.
When the man returned without the book, he recommended a few other books that did not fit how I practice magick. I did not tell him that I had no intention of reading them. He was not my problem, nor my master, not even my friend or acquaintance since I did not know his name.
The woman on my left began speaking to him the moment he finished talking to me. She apparently deals with spirits and has performed an exorcism or two in her life. At first she asked him if he ever saw results from the magick that he practiced. He answered that he did, and that began a recitation of The Rule of Three, which he said he already knew.
She then began railing to him about how he is opening doors that he will not be able to close. Oddly enough she then told him that for every door that he closed two more would open. Out of these doors that he could not close but every time he closed them two more would open, would come demons and evil spirits. According to the woman he was going to become possessed if he did not stop practicing the type of magick that he did and his life would be affected negatively for every time he sought power instead of balance and peace.
I would be lying if I claimed I felt that the man had a moral compass that pointed north or that his path to Spirit was going to be without its own repercussions, but even so, I felt an urge to defend him from the barrage of righteousness. The woman talked him out of the store; she followed him, preaching her beliefs the entire way to the door and then he left and she stayed to collect her children.
This incident reminded me of how even people who believe themselves to be accepting and of an open mind often disregard what is being told to them. Many of the people I meet in stores prefer to lecture rather than communicate, especially when they are speaking to someone who is younger than they are.
I know many people who have been frightened away from socializing with other pagans or joining covens because they were never allowed to talk to other pagans. They were talked to.
Most of the pagans that I know like to believe that they are more open to other people and other practices than the members of the more mainstream religions, especially Christianity. They also seem to believe that they allow people to find their own way to Spirit, no matter that person’s age. The woman and the man both proved to me that, as pagans, we are no better than any other human. We often hold strong beliefs, see the wrong in others before attempting to identify the wrongs in us, we can ignore other’s opinions, and we too can judge people based solely off appearances.
The man saw my herbs as a child’s magick, while I see them as an intimate connection to my world. The woman saw the man as a danger to himself, and thus a danger to her, but she forgot that the man has a right to choose his own path in life… just like she does. They both saw my youth as a sign of a still weak character and a paucity of my own knowledge that I could share, but neither bothered to ask me how long I had been practicing or show any interest in me of any kind other than to place their opinions on me.
Most disputes are results of a lack of understanding for the other party and a lack of personal grounding. Usually asking the simple question “Why?” will not only prevent a heated debate without any true evidence against the other side, but it may also spark an interesting conversation that will widen the horizons of both parties. From my experience, it will also give each person a sense that they are worth something and they may pass the courtesy on to the other people they meet in their lives. If people truly wish to be as nonpolluting as possible, energetically as well as physically, they should be more attentive to the light of other people, even if that means dimming their own ego for a few moments.
Not all pagans are like these two people from the store, but as a group, I have witnessed a general feeling of aloofness. Being a pagan does not elevate one above the regular human, instead it should ground us to the world that we live in. The general pagan seems to have lost the idea of practicing what they preach; in our public practices, we are saying the words without the intention, and it is about as effective as it would be in our personal practices. In order for the community as a whole to develop a positive reputation throughout the world, we must learn to be positive within the world.
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Responsibility, Free Will and the Craft
Responsibility, Free Will and the Craft
Author: Rhys Chisnall
Responsibility is a byword of Initiatory Craft and as Craft initiates we are expected to be coping adults and be able to take responsibility for our own actions. We don’t believe in the Devil and so can’t pin our own shortcomings at his ‘supernatural’ door; nor indeed do we seek as Vivianne Crowley says in ‘Wicca: the Old Religion in the New Age’, an unrealistic sainthood. Rather we seek to take responsibility for our own world. I was told during my training that ‘Witches happen to life, life does not happen to Witches’. Sure, ‘sh*t happens’, says another much quoted real world centred Craft saying, but we have a responsibility in how we deal with life’s inevitabilities. This article examines whether we can have responsibility.
Responsibility seems to imply free will, after all most people would agree that we need to be free to make choices and decisions about our actions in order to be held responsible for them. It seems intuitively unfair to lay blame and responsibility for a crime if the perpetrator had no choice in committing it. An individual could hardly be blamed for holding up a bank if they had a bomb strapped to them by a criminal who told them that the device would be exploded killing them (and others) if they deviated from the plan. We would not hold them responsible, as they had no choice; they were coerced in to doing what they did. Likewise if a person was brainwashed or hypnotised into committing a crime we would be loath to blame them as we would we feel that they were not responsible. They were forced to do things against how they would have normally acted. The opposite is also true, when someone chooses to do something particularly brave or good, or copes with a debilitating disease with dignity and grace we praise and admire them. We view them as responsible for their actions. When someone chooses to put others needs before their own, again we either praise them or consider them mugs for the responsibility for their choices.
Responsibility need not have a moral aspect as it can also be seen as self-empowering. If we take responsibility for something then it comes into our sphere of control; we can do something about it. If we blame other people or events for our misfortunes we are effectively saying that we are powerless. We are putting ourselves in the role of the victim and that is not something that sits easily with Witchcraft. Looking at responsibility in this sense also seems to imply free will. Responsibility seems to suggest that we need free will to make the choice to take control of our own lives, to influence where life is taking us thus making us powerful individuals. It is in this meaning of responsibility where we find one of the empowerment sources of the Witch and a fundamental cornerstone of Initiatory Craft thinking.
Free will is an important concept in many different religions. For example in Christianity free will is a doctrine and is required for someone to either accept the teachings of Jesus Christ and be saved, or reject them and be damned. It is viewed as a gift from God and without it God would not be able to pass judgment, as sinners would not be responsible for their actions. It is a foundation of Christian belief and causes those Christians interested in philosophy huge headaches. Likewise to believers in the New Age movement and popular Wicca, who adhere to the simplistic morality of Western Karma, free will is an important but self-contradictory concept. Free will is required to make choices on actions which will later go on to influence what happens to that person in terms of fortune or misfortune caused by the accumulation of negative karma from bad acts and positive karma from good ones. I am sure you can see the potential for contradiction.
But does free will exist? This is a subject that metaphysicians have explored over the ages and although there is not a complete consensus (such a thing does not exists on anything in philosophy) , free will seems extremely unlikely. What is more it is extremely unlikely in any possible view of the world. It seems that free will could not exist in a deterministic universe as revealed by scientific method nor even in a ‘possible’ universe were random non caused events could occur.
First let us take the scientific, deterministic paradigm of how the Universe operates. British Post Feminist Philosopher Dr. Janet Radcliffe Richards explored this in her book ‘Human Nature after Darwin’. If we ignore the Quantum world for a moment (where random events do occur and where probability rather than determinism rules) science works on principals of determinism, effects have causes and those causes have other causes all the way back to the Big Bang or Quantum world. This means anything that you choose to do has to have a cause, which itself must have also been caused. As such any action you perform has causes that extend back way before you were even born. There does not seem to be any room for free will as everything was set in motion by the big bang. Your choices are subject to a chain of causes extending back beyond your existence, so how could you be held responsible, how could you choose freely to do anything?
Science makes no assumptions of free will. A recent example is an article on teenage responsibility in the ‘New Scientist’ (25th Sept 2010) . Jessica Hamzelou discusses recent research into the growth and development of the brain in young people with its implications on responsibility. In particular the research looked at development of White Matter in the pre-frontal cortex of the brain, the area that deals with being able to understand the long term effects of one’s actions. The argument being that as this part of the brain does not fully form until a person reaches the age of about 20 this explains why teenagers often make very poor decisions. Although they know the difference between right and wrong they cannot be held fully accountable for their actions, as they do not yet have a full understanding of their behaviours consequences. Isn’t it funny how biological psychology has reconfirmed the old idea that a person isn’t an adult until they are 21?
This report implies that there is no free will and the causes of behaviour in young people are determined by their biological development. It is not hard to make similar arguments based upon hormones, education, social influences, poor parenting, genetics, influence of peers, environmental factors etc. These in turn are caused by evolutionary pressures, which operated on the person’s gene pool millions of years before they were born. There seems to be no room at all for free will in the massively complex interplay of the huge amount of various layers of causes on an individual’s behaviour. Young people and by extension ourselves have no real choice or free will in what they or they and we do.
But if you think that it is looking bad for the existence of free will in a deterministic universe so far, like they say here in Suffolk, ‘you ain’t seen nothin’; it gets even worse.
Consider the fascinating research done by the American Physiologist Benjamin Libet and others. Libet discovered that when we believe we are making a decision our conscious awareness of our decision-making is a relative latecomer to the game. It turns out that we have already unconsciously/pre-consciously made the decision. We don’t become aware of our decision until a fraction of a moment after we have made it.
Think of it this way: You know the opening titles of the ‘Simpsons’ where baby Maggie thinks that she is steering the car, but the camera pans back and we see that it is Marge who is actually driving? It turns out that our conscious awareness of making decisions is actually like little Maggie, and is reacting to decisions made pre-consciously rather than making them itself. However, we should also remember that the pre-conscious makes our decisions based upon our beliefs, which goes to show just how important beliefs actually are. However, it is important to point out that this research is not without its critics. The American Philosopher and Cognitive Scientist Daniel Dennett is not convinced by the methodology of this research and another philosopher (also a supporter of determinism) Alfred Mele is not convinced by its form. However none of these concerns doubt the difficulties of free will in respect to determinism.
Come to think of it you don’t need to be a physiologist or a cognitive scientist to view other people’s behaviours as having causes. We often interpret people’s actions in everyday life and circumstances as the result of causes. For example, we might say that John was late to work because he was lazy, or that Bill shoplifted because he fell in with bad company after having a deprived childhood. Looking for causes in our own and other people’s behaviour was called Attribution Theory by the social psychologist Harold Kelly. Two parts of which are known as Fundamental Attribution Error and the Actor/Observer effect. In the west, we are culturally determined to explain other people’s behaviour in terms of internal causes, e.g. they are lazy, they are hard working, they are selfish, etc. When it comes to our own behaviour, we tend to explain it in terms of external causes, for example: I was cross because he annoyed me, I lied because she put me in an impossible position or I was late because the traffic was bad. In either case, we intuitively seek to explain behaviour in terms of deterministic causes.
Those who believe strictly that all our actions are determined in a continuous chain of cause and effect and believe there is no such thing as responsibility are called ‘hard determinists’. This is a view similar to those who believe in fate. That everything in life is already determined and we are living a kind of script. The American philosopher Professor Theodore Sider has devised a simple test to find out if hard determinists really do have the courage of their convictions. The test is simple: punch such a person on the nose and see how convinced they are that it wasn’t your responsibility. Tell them that the act had been pre-determined since the big bang. My guess is that they will not be too keen to practise what they preach and accept your reasoning. Mind you there is a way around this as they could claim that your actions caused them to deterministically retaliate in kind.
There does not seem to be much room for free will in a deterministic universe as described by science. Is this a reason for rejecting scientific determinism? Does free will and responsibility do any better in a spiritual world, or a world were random events occur that are not caused?
Both Sider and Radcliffe Richards along with many other philosophers have dealt with this problem and have come up with the same answer. If a random event occurred then surely it can still no longer be free will. To demonstrate this point Professor Ted Sider uses this colourful example in the book ‘Riddles of Existence: A Guided Tour of Metaphysics’. Imagine the following scene: In a Universe where random uncaused events occur, Mother Teresa is working with the poor of Calcutta. While working away she randomly picks up a hand grenade, pulls out the pin and throws it into an orphanage killing hundreds. The event was completely uncaused and random. The question is was she responsible? Remember that the event was completely uncaused as there was nothing in Mother Teresa’s past, personality or mind that caused it.
Surely as Mother Teresa did not intend or have anything within her that caused the mass murder she can’t be responsible and therefore she was not exercising fee will. Randomness and uncaused events cannot be the product of free will, because and for free will to exist it needs to be caused and causal. Without cause, there can be no free will as in a non-causal universe free will could not cause anything. Random events that happen in the Quantum world also do not save free will, as randomness is uncaused and nothing can take responsibility for randomness. If nothing causes free will, then it does not come from the person so the person cannot be responsible and free will can’t exist.
It seems that free will simply can’t exist either in a random universe or a deterministic one. Besides a random universe is problematic as it just does not accord with our observations of nature beyond the quantum level. As Crafters, we ought to be suspicious of the concept of a world of random non-caused events as this does not fit with the idea that magic can be effective. After all magic, while not clearly understood, seems to works by a variety of mechanisms all of which are deterministic. The Magician or Witch performs the spell that causes, via complicated processes, the desired outcome.
What about free will existing in a universe in which souls and spirits exist? After all, religious people often see the source of their free will as residing in their souls, these being a gift from God to see whom he can trust to let into Heaven. Radcliffe Richards points out that if such was the case then the spirits and souls would still be either existing in a deterministic world where they would be subject to cause and effect (why should spirits be free of determinism?) , or in a random world where there could be no responsibility as nothing is caused. Both are equally problematic for free will and responsibility.
Radcliffe Richards goes on to claim that free will is a necessary nonexistent. By this philosophers mean that there are some things that don’t exist in an ordinary way (weird as that sounds) , for examples fairies, spirits, hobgoblins, nice tasting American beer, etc. These things are not real but they could exist in metaphorical ‘other world’. Some other things just cannot exist in any world, they are just too contradictory, and these are necessary non-existent. For example, things like four-sided triangles, round squares, two plus two equal five and so it seems, free will. In other words, there is just no such thing as free will as it is assumed to exist in normal discourse; it is completely impossible for it to exist in any possible world.
So is Craft philosophy with its emphasis on personal responsibility completely scuppered? Perhaps there is a third option that we could explore.
There is a branch of the freewill/determinism metaphysical debate that could come to our rescue. It has a revised concept of free will, which is still part of the deterministic world in which we live; in fact it is compatible with it. This is a view that is held by most modern philosophers and is called, funny enough, compatiblism or ‘soft determinism’. The Stoics championed it in ancient times and more recently several major philosophers of the Enlightenment, including the famous 18th Century Scottish philosopher David Hume, supported it.
Although a hugely complex web of events that extends back beyond our existence causes everything we believe or know or do, soft determinists believe that we have ‘free will’ when we act without external coercion from another agent according to how these causes have made us. By ‘coercion by another agent’ we mean being forced into doing something such as being brainwashed or hypnotised, etc. Essentially this is what the German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer meant when he famously said, “Man can do what he wills but he cannot will what he wills”. So although who we are is determined through cause and effect, soft determinists see us as acting freely when our actions are consistent with that tapestry. In Initiatory Craft we call this massively complex pattern Wyrd.
To be fair it isn’t the traditional free will of common discourse, but it is the situated agency of humanistic psychology. It is when we act in accord with how we have been determined to be, in accordance with our personalities, beliefs and character within the constraints of our situations and context.
Soft determinists claim that we are the product of hugely complex causal forces. These include evolutionary forces, physiology and biology, our culture, education, experiences and the beliefs that they form. It can be successfully argued that part of this rich tapestry of causal personhood is responsibility. In other words, the concept of responsibility, a belief in taking responsibility and being responsible for our actions is a causal part of our makeup. The idea of responsibility, all things being equal with other causal factors, makes us take responsibility. However this only holds true if we have been exposed to the concept and have the kind of character and experiences that causes us to take these beliefs on board which in turn enables us towards self-empowerment. In other words we have been caused to take responsibility, which makes good education in my view extremely important.
Taking responsibility will influence our decision-making processes as much as anything else, making it part of the soft deterministic world view. It makes us act as we are determined to be, having situated agency or what the soft determinists refer to as liberty. It is taking responsibility for the unfolding process of Wyrd through self-knowledge that is relevant to the Craft view of what a Witch is. It empowers us in shaping our lives in accord with the deterministic forces that have in turn have shaped us. If we have been determined to accept this responsibility then we can do nothing else, it is our Wyrd. Responsibility gives us a degree of agency.
In the end, despite there being no such thing as free will in any possible universe, there is still an important role for responsibility as it is viewed in the Craft. Taking responsibility, which is so important to the Initiatory Craft and to self-empowerment in general, is part of the vastly complex tapestry of causal forces that include concepts and beliefs that goes into making a person. Therefore the Initiatory Craft view of taking personal responsibility stands up to the philosophical scrutiny and refutation of free will.
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Repudiating Bad Wiccan History
Repudiating Bad Wiccan History
Author: Zan Fraser
The problem is that we Wiccans have inherited two sets of history. One is the history shared by the persons of the world around us, recognized as an academic and intellectual discipline, and based upon consensus agreement as to demonstrable facts. The other is what I call the “Wicca Fantasy-Land” version of European history.
Wicca Fantasy-Land is without question a colorful and dramatic place, dominated as it is by a malignant and pervasive Institution of Villainy (the medieval Church) , countered by a bold and oppressed culture of Paganism, and by Pagans who band into defiant pockets reminiscent of the organizers of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising or the French Resistance during World War II.
There are English kings who secretly keep to the Old Pagan Ways and who sympathetically guard and preserve Pagans; there are even English kings who bravely end their own lives as a Magical Sacrifice to the Old Gods to preserve the Ancient Ways. There are gallant women like Aradia and Joan of Arc who lead armed forays against the evil forces of the Inquisition to liberate captured Pagans. And there are countless devout Witches who meet in covens of thirteen, under threat of mortal danger, to worship the Horned God of Witches and to count out the seasons of the year.
It makes a really good story, with the disadvantage of not being true- or at least not really true in the manner in which it is invariably presented.
Wicca Fantasy-Land made its way into our collective history at a time well before there was even Wicca.
Margaret Murray was a respected British Egyptologist at the turn of the twentieth century, whose notes and observations upon archeological digs in Egypt are apparently still thought worthwhile. In the 19-teens, she turned her attentions to European history, producing The Witch-Cult in Western Europe in the early 1920s. Here she offered the startling (for its time) opinion that those called “Witches” during the medieval period were actually continuing the old Pagan Faith of Europe, meeting in covens of thirteen under a Master or High Priest who impersonated the God of Witches- the Horned Forest-God called Pan or Cernunnos.
The Church demonized this Deity into the Christian Devil and (according to Murray’s thinking) the rest of the Middle Ages (including the 300 years Burning Times) represented an on-going series of efforts on the part of the Church to destroy this stubborn Paganism. Murrray went on to elaborate upon her theories in two subsequent books- The God of the Witches and The Divine King in England.
Discussing Murray can be tricky, because she produced some penetrating insight into medieval history as it pertains to Witches (and therefore to the spiritual, if not actual genealogical, descendents of medieval Witches- modern Wiccans) . Her basic observation- that Paganism did not die out suddenly and completely at the Conversion of Europe, but actually continued for some time after, sometimes under threat of violence (Charlemagne proscribed death for any Saxons who continued to worship the sun, trees, and rocks) – was revelatory for its time, but is now understood as a given to researchers of the Middle Ages (especially researchers of the Pagan variety) .
Her insight that the European Devil represents a demonized version of the Horned Forest-God (known by many names, in endless local variations) was likewise a thunderbolt of perception, now also part of the bedrock of Pagan and Wiccan medieval understanding. For reasons such as these, the eminent and formidable historian Anne Llewellyn Barstow (in Witchcraze: A New History of the European Witch Hunts Pandora Publishing, 1994, p. 83) credits Murray for her detection of “ancient ‘folk religious’ practices throughout the Western witchcraft material.”
Barstow also finds in comparative studies with Russian sources support for Murray’s basic theory that Satan represents in perverse form the “lost God (s) ” of Western Europe. Likewise, in his Introduction to Ecstasies: Deciphering the Witches’ Sabbath (Pantheon Books, 1991, p. 9) the brilliant researcher Carlo Ginzburg discerns a “core of truth” and a “correct intuition” to Murray’s work.
Be this as it may- Murray is now considered discredited in the academic and scholastic world. Every serious historian on the subject throughout the twentieth century has concluded that she pushed her theories far too far- well beyond what evidence supports. Beginning with Harvard professor Kittredge in the latter 1920s, and continuing through Robbins, Briggs, Cohn, Russell, Kors and Peters, and including Barstow and Ginzburg- all have found that Murray finally reached to absurd and unsustainable lengths.
The decisive nail was struck in the early 1960s, with Elliot Rose’s A Razor for a Goat: A Discussion of Certain Problems in the History of Witchcraft and Diabolism (University of Toronto Press, 1962) , wherein he systemically blew apart Murray’s thesis bit by bit.
For the better part of the twentieth century, however, Murray was widely held almost as a sibyl breathing discernment into the murky cauldron of medieval history- so much so that it was her article on “witchcraft” that appeared in the Encyclopedia Britannica in the 1950s, when Gerald Gardner was writing Witchcraft Today.
Desiring to include an account of what many at the time thought “true” Witchcraft history in his volume, Gardner turned to Murray’s works. Therefore (at a time when they were already called into question) , Murray’s theories and highly unique recounting of European Witchcraft made their way into the founding book of the current Wiccan and Neo-Pagan movement.
Through Gardner, tales of the Divine Sacrifice of William Rufus and the Witcheries of the Countess of Salisbury (mistress to the secretly Pagan Edward III) circulated into the publishing of Doreen Valiente and Patricia Crowther, thence outside the Gardnerian line to Sybil Leek and Alex Sanders, thence to the Farrars- thence to Wicca at large.
Despite the fact that Rose devoted a special chapter in A Razor for a Goat (in the 1960s, one notes) to Gerald Gardner’s assertions of medieval “Wiccan history” as regards Murray’s interpretations, Margaret Murray’s “Wicca Fantasy-Land” version of European history continues to circulate throughout American Paganism. How else to explain the presentation offered at a well-known gathering this summer, wherein one who advertised himself by his Third-Degree Initiatory Tradition status, as well as by (it must be admitted) his forth-coming Llewellyn publication, produced a talk chock-full not only of outright mistakes (he incorrectly placed Edward III and the Burning Times in the 1200s; Edward lived in the 1300s and the Burnings do not start until the 1400s) , but of pure, unreconstructed Murrayism- the same Murrayism discredited decisively since the 1960s.
Despite treating his audience to a opening establishing the unique and special quality of Third-Degree Initiates- indeed ho-ho-ho-ing the very idea that a non-Initiated Wiccan bereft of Initiatory Training even counted as a “Wiccan” (thereby specifically invalidating self-directed, self-Initiated Wiccans such as myself) and referring at one point to himself and his “peers” with a smug self-regard that frankly rankled me- and despite much reference to his forth-coming Llewellyn volume (apparently on a subject different from that of this particular talk, giving me every confidence that it will be a far-better researched project) – I found the gentleman’s presentation to be an alarming mish-mash of outright error and wild “Wiccan Faerey-tales, ” offered without substantiation as genuine history.
The Countess of Salisbury was a Witch! Edward III founded the Order of the Garter as a secret Witches’ Coven! He charged its knights with the protection of Witches against the Inquisition! – (Despite that fact that Murray’s fanciful re-interpretation of the Order of the Garter is one of the areas specifically disproved by Rose, with no one presenting persuasive evidence to the contrary since- and despite the fact that the Inquisition was never really that powerful in England- and despite the fact that few people actually cared about punishing Witches in the 1300s, in many ways the last truly Magical era of the Middle Ages.)
The gentleman continued- the Knights Templars were closet Ceremonial Magicians, preserving the Secrets of Magic from the Inquisition! – (Never mind that the Knights broadcast themselves as a Christian order akin to monks, and were perceived as such throughout Europe) . The Masons delivered the Templars from destruction, saving the ancient wisdom of Ceremonial Magic! (This last contains all sorts of mistakes.
It ignores the historical reality that the Templars were deliberately taken unawares, leaving very few to be “saved”; that the majority of the Templars were without question killed; that the reason for their assault was without question the seizure of their properties, rather than an effort to destroy Ceremonial Magic; that the Masons as such do not come into existence until the early 1700s; and finally that there is no need for the Templars to preserve Ceremonial Magic, as Ceremonial Magic is preserved very nicely in the medieval grimoires of Bacon and Agrippa and Paracelsus.)
The part of the man’s presentation that bothered me the most was his projection of modern (Initiatory) Wicca into the medieval past. Wiccan Witch-Queens wear garters- therefore one can tell that the Countess of Salisbury was a Wiccan Witch-Queen, as she wore a garter! (Never mind that many people of the fourteenth century probably wore garters as a means of keeping their leggings straight.) Initiatory Wiccans maintain Books of Shadow- therefore medieval Witches kept Books of Shadow! – Despite the fact that few medieval Witches could probably read or write.
These Books of Shadow were in constant danger of being destroyed by the Inquisition, erasing forever the secrets of Witchery- never mind that many, many grimoires are plainly in circulation and that the “secrets of the Witches’ Craft” (far from being so closely guarded as to be in danger of vanishing) are in fact well-known enough in Elizabethan England (I assume through the avenue of oral folk-culture) that playwrights such as Shakespeare and Jonson compose plays around them.
My point finally is not to diss a bad historical presentation, but to decry the situation whereby such outmoded stuff can be peddled as a “Wiccan History-lesson.” We Wiccans are in the kind of odd position that knowledgeable observers have actually discredited much of what we assert and allege as our “Historical past”. If our movement is to receive respect in the world, we need a history that can withstand scrutiny, as well as movement-participants educated enough to separate fact from plausible supposition from outright nonsense.
Regrettably this means we must abandon a lot of what our founding elders declared to us was our past; we must locate ourselves in the genuine records of medieval Europe established by scholars such as Kittredge and Robbins and Russell (et al) .
We must insist upon elders who can deliver a reasonable review of European Witch-History and we must foreswear the colorful (but unsupportable) Murayite/ Gardnerian “Wicca Faerey-tales” that have hitherto been our history tomes.
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Supportive Practices of the Craft
Supportive Practices of the Craft
Author: Iain Quicksilver
In addition to the practices of witchcraft usually discussed, such as divination and herb lore, there are practices, which support a witch’s overall efforts. The following seven sections describe practices I have found useful for tuning up my Craft practice and keeping it properly focused.
1: Cycles
Witches follow cycles in everything they do, out of respect for their overall balance of health. They don’t work all year, and then try to relax through a brief vacation; witches take little mini-vacations all the time. They sometimes appear to be laid back and lazy, but they respond well in a crisis, and they somehow get their tasks done.
A witch aims at discovering her own biorhythms, so as to work with, rather than against, her natural energy cycle. But in practice there are usually compromises to be made with work and other factors. Her actual daily schedule may be set somewhat askew to her biorhythms, but a witch will adapt to it and arrange for periods of rest between work to attend to quarters other than South / Will / Fire. There are knowledge and skills to acquire, and emotions and the circle and the practice of inner and/or outer stillness to attend to. And there is a little goofing off, daytime rest, which is essential; just watch the animals.
Starting with the Sun cycle and making allowances for work, etc., a witch reserves the earlier parts of the day for practical affairs. She will not work on taxes, for instance, into the evening hours, but will start earlier in the season and devote some weekend daytime hours to the chore. Evening is for going within, withdrawing to one’s own hearth and communing with ancestors and familiar spirits.
2: Directions
It isn’t on any list of witch tools, but a compass is important to the modern witch so she can orient her life and work to the four directions. Witchcraft is always done in a physical context. Pagans are highly aware of their immediate environment and traffic with spirits of the field, yard, stream, the most prominent local tree, as well as with household spirits. The key to contacting household spirits lies in feelings.
When you first move into a new house or apartment, it feels cold and uninviting, especially if it hasn’t been lived in for a while. Not much later, it fits you comfortably like a suit of old clothes; and if, in addition, it is alive with saged boundaries and household shrines, you feel liked by the house as well as liking it yourself. This is a boundary perception, which we are taught to ignore or treat as a subjective matter, but if instead we address the good feelings and express our appreciation for the atmosphere of our dwelling, we break that boundary and begin to recover ancient pagan perception.
In the same way, outdoor sprites can be contacted through greater sensitivity to one’s feelings without discounting them from habit.
Upon awakening in the morning, when a witch is ready to start the day, it is a good practice to take out the compass and address the four quarters. One begins in the North, opening oneself to calming energy. Then to the East, holding in mind briefly what needs to be known or learned today. Then to the South, deciding the first tasks. Then to the West, expanding awareness according to one’s ways. Then seal to the North, stilling the mind and body once again. The witch is now ready to face the day.
3: Expanding Awareness
One way of expanding awareness when silently addressing the West is to relax and wait for something in your peripheral awareness to stand out and beckon your attention. It might be the reflection of something in a window, or the shadow of a tree or the spaces in its foliage. Whatever it is, when it gets your attention, continue to view it peripherally. You are in touch with its mana, or magical energy, and can use it throughout the day when you call it to mind. The image in your memory should be peripheral, not central, i.e. the way it looked when it got your attention. This can also be done with things heard peripherally. These are some of my ways.
4: Conserving Magical Energy
There is a kind of energy or power that the modern world has forgotten, though the memory of it is preserved in folk tales and myths. Indigenous peoples are well aware of it and live their lives with reference to it. While the immediate environment abounds in it, and we take it in all the time, we do not notice it because we squander it in habitual ways, habits that have been with us from early childhood. The ancient Latins called it numen, and the Mongolians, hiimori. It is always personal, taking on the features of the person holding it.
It is only by conserving this energy that the witch becomes ready to do magic, both in the circle and life. We don’t realize that everything takes energy, even unconscious ignoring of things in our environment, such as shadows, eyeglass frames, or background sounds. When we expand our attention to include such things, we gain the energy that was used in keeping them in the background of our attention, the penumbra or half-shadow. This energy is always exponentially higher than the small amount required to expand the attention.
The energy takes four forms for witches, associated with the four ancient elements. The energy of Air makes us learn and understand new things that hadn’t occurred to us before. In everyday life, it also manifests in any new knowledge or understanding.
The energy of Fire boosts the will and lets us accomplish tasks in life that seemed too big to tackle. In order to bring changes into our physical lives, we have to both give up some things, at least temporarily, and adopt other things or actions that further the goal. In the Craft, habits or actions that squander magical energy have to be sacrificed, and then the freed energy finds new outlets on its own.
The energy of Water attracts us to the unknown, and gives us the daring to escape the current limitations of our lives. This is the energy of initiation, which expands and transforms our awareness and can give our lives a whole new basis.
The energy of Earth is cloaked in silence. Witches seek inner and outer stillness, quite as much as Zen monks or Hindu yogis do. This stillness is deep, and the deeper the witch descends into it, the more he or she is transformed and the greater the magical energy that results. It is pursued gradually and at first in little things, like learning to sit still and not scratch, or refraining from certain topics in conversation.
Not that the witch is inactive, quite the contrary; Earth, the North, is also the place of our physicality, and the witch exercises regularly, and takes care of business through Fire and the South. Stillness refers instead to the enormous amount of energy we waste in fidgeting and performing other small, unnecessary actions, both mental and physical: for instance, compulsively repeating past conversations in one’s mind or rehearsing conversations to come in some hypothetical future event (for all thoughts of the future are hypothetical) .
The witch sums up a past event and plans for the future, but these are finite acts that come to an end, instead of repeating over and over and wearing on the nerves. The energy to be had by restricting such habits cannot be anticipated in advance. Out of stillness comes new understanding, closing the circle of practice towards Air and the East.
Thus the witch pursues the four powers of the magus: to know, to will, to dare, to keep silence. But there is a fifth power that results from the balanced development of the four: to go. The witch is saving energy for his or her definitive journey, the flight to the True Sabbat, fellowship and celebration with the ancestors, spirits, and deities in the other world. Folklore depicts it as a joyous occasion, and colors it with the pleasures and longings of the time when the tales were spun. Some tried to cut corners and get there more quickly through the use of the witch’s flying ointment. The actual flight may or may not follow traditional lines.
One may not literally fly up the chimney and then meet the Wild Hunt in the sky and fly to a rath or burg and descend therein through a tunnel into the Otherworld. The journey may parallel many of these features, nonetheless; and there are preliminary journeys to be made that go partway there.
The flight to the True Sabbat is a milestone on the way to the witch’s ultimate journey to the Sun, when he or she acquires a body of light that can materialize at will, so that further incarnations here in middle Earth are no longer needed. This transformation seals the work of the Craft and completes the vows made at initiation; thenceforth one does other work, perhaps as a guardian elemental, paying back for the help received along the way on this side by paying forward.
5: The Familiar
Witches traditionally kept a cat, sometimes a horse, as a familiar. The witch’s astral journeys were made in company with the spirit of the familiar.
The best information I have found on this practice is in Timothy Knab’s A War of Witches, a factual account of an anthropologist’s investigation, some twenty plus years later, of a battle with brujos and brujas in the highlands of central Mexico. In the course of his investigation, he is inducted into Toltec brujeria by one of the survivors and makes a journey to Tlalocan, the Toltec Underworld.
Tlaloc, the Lord of the Underworld, keeps animal spirits called naguals in his corrals. He gives a nagual to each human at birth. The nagual could perhaps be thought of as the link, within each of us, to other animals, inherited though latent from the prehistoric past. But it is a real spirit and to be a brujo one must find one’s nagual. Afterwards, an experienced brujo, through many journeys to Tlalocan, may have acquired a number of naguals, keeping them in fetish objects like puma’s claws, or in a special gourd.
The human soul is called the tonal. It has two halves. One faces towards the Sun and stands guard over the body when the dark lower half, the shadow, goes on journeys down the world pillar to the underworlds. The shadow is so called, both because it lies below our daily awareness and faces towards the nether regions, and because it follows its nagual into the depths as the latter’s shadow.
If the nagual is a cat spirit, the shadow takes on the semblance of a cat spirit. This is done for protection from hungry denizens of the deep, who prize the heart blood of a tonal but will let a nagual go by.
The discipline Knab goes through in becoming a brujo is well worth the reading. But to return to our own practice, preparation for a liaison with a cat familiar’s spirit, besides the obvious step of getting a cat, would seem to involve re-molding one’s own psyche closer to that of a feline. We do this unconsciously when we sit in company with a cat and enjoy its utter relaxation. Cats are content to go from moment to moment doing whatever they are doing, even if it is only resting.
We, however, often have a habit of doubting whether we are making best use of our time, or regretting we are not elsewhere doing other things. Cats, apparently, have no such qualms. The daily practice of witchcraft in fact promotes a calm mind fully given to the moment. Apparently cultivation of inner stillness connects us with the animal, pre-rational mind, so that we can enjoy shuttling between two minds, as the occasion permits.
This is only an example of how the witch models him or herself on a cat familiar. Whether or not one goes on journeys with the cat, cultivating a close relationship with one will draw the witch closer to his or her own inner, pre-rational mind, through which he or she can call up power from the Deep in circle.
6: The Patron Deity
It isn’t incumbent upon pagans to have a special relationship with a single deity, but it can be a rewarding experience. The pagan will continue to honor the other deities and spirits, of course, and may enter into a similar relationship with another later on. Suppililiumas, the king of the Hittites, was singularly devoted to his goddess, and as we know, his subject Abraham devoted his wandering life to his family god, the later Yahweh.
All gods stand ready to teach by sharing their consciousness, and by helping the devotee to practice the disciplines that lead to that awareness. Pagans will generally choose a patron deity (male or female) on the basis of temperamental preferences, though they may be influenced by a dream or vision. The relationship can be devotional or more like a friendship. In the latter case the deity is like an older mentor or senior partner. In late heathen times, Thor was popular with people seeking this latter relation.
In the Craft, the Lord and the Lady serve as patrons. The Lord is the year-god, who has waxing and waning aspects, and these replace each other at the solstices. Because the outgoing aspect dies and is reborn six months later, the Lord (sometimes called the Lad) is more of a demigod, and is not quite up to the Lady’s level. Witches and warlocks alike tend to relate to the Lord as a tutor or preceptor, and to the Lady devotionally.
The continental Celtic god Cernunnos is associated by modern witches with the year-god. He is known only from artifacts and only by the description given him by Greek traders in antiquity on the Ister or Danube river – the horned or antlered one (we do not know his Celtic name) . Cernunnos teaches witches the way to deal skillfully with both the outer and inner life.
The Oak King or waxing year aspect teaches, by example, how to deal with the outer world joyfully and fruitfully. The Holly King or waning aspect is the psycho pomp or soul-guide in Craft initiation, and also provides fellowship with ancestors at Samhain, October 31st.
On the Gundestrup cauldron, found in a peat bog in Denmark, Cernunnos is the central carved figure. He has two antlers, wears a torque or neck-ring signifying wealth, and holds another in his right hand, as bestower of wealth. His left hand grasps a ram-headed snake by the neck, an Underworld animal linked with healing and sacrifice.
It often happens that a pagan already pursues some discipline designed to conserve magical energy, and chooses an appropriate god or goddess, asking him or her to be the patron of that practice. If the god is willing, he or she will help, first of all, by reminding the devotee to practice whatever part of the askesis is appropriate for the present situation.
The devotee thanks his or her patron for these reminders, knowing from experience that practice would be slacker without them. As the partnership goes on, the world will start to take on the colors peculiar to that deity’s consciousness and personality, and will cause subtle changes in the personality of the devotee as well.
The patron deity also teaches in dreams and guides the devotee in waking life by means of signs and omens, often peculiar coincidences that seem mysteriously significant.
The Lady nurtures and feeds witches as well as all her children on the earth, and also teaches those who prefer to relate to a female divinity. The discipline taught by the Lady involves cleansing the emotions of their verbal accretions. The devotee learns to feel without thinking or analyzing or labeling the feeling. In this way, the witch or warlock draws closer to the animals, who have naked feelings unclothed in thoughts. The askesis of the Lady is especially suitable for couples.
7: Inventory
Supportive practices of witchcraft aim at optimizing the free flow of energy through the life of a witch.
A cluttered life is full of energy knots that trap old, stale energy called `miasma’ by the ancients. The first phase of a spell, purification, is designed to unravel one or more of these knots, so that an increase in the flow of magical energy renders the flow palpable. The energy must be felt to be directed, and as some of it is flowing all the time (however feebly) , the rate of flow must be increased for it to be felt. It can then be directed to a chosen purpose in the consecration phase, and, in the final phase, charged with all the force the witch can command through expanded awareness.
But if the witch’s life is full of energy knots, untying one or two of them by purification may not result in a very strong flow of energy. For a stronger flow, the witch must gradually remove clutter from his/her life so that energy knots are few and easily unraveled.
Clutter comes in many forms. There is mental and emotional clutter; the clutter of always being too busy because of over-commitment; the memory-clutter of too many unfinished projects; and the material clutter found in the home: over-stuffed closets, garages, basements, storage sheds, etc. This section is about material clutter.
By learning and applying the principles of feng shui, we can facilitate a free flow of the energy the Chinese call ch’i throughout the home; but before putting feng shui into practice, we must face and do something about the mountains of clutter tucked away in corners, closets, cupboards and other hiding places. We may think that if our accumulations are out of sight they will be out of mind as well, but the deeper, pre-rational mind we share with the animals keeps tabs on every least thimble.
When the writer Aldous Huxley’s house in California burned down, he remarked on how clean it felt to be free of so many possessions. This was a drastic example of what we can achieve in a smaller degree through the practice of inventory.
The deep mind keeps a file on every item we own, and these files must be closed and cleared away if the witch is to use the filing function for fulfilling oaths and following threads of self-discipline. Accordingly, at regular intervals a witch will go through some of his or her clutter, putting things together that belong together, and getting rid of items no longer needed. A good rule of thumb to follow is to keep what one can use (sentiment counts as a use) and put the rest where it is likely to do the most good. In this we see an illustration of the balance of the Craft, which aims at getting maximum enjoyment and effectiveness from possessions without getting bogged down in being possessed by them.
Putting things you don’t need where they will do the most good may mean giving things away; but be careful doing this, as you may lose friends if they feel you are dumping stuff on them. And above all, never tell anyone you are following the rule of inventory, as gifts should at least appear to be made from a feeling of friendship.
Closing accounts with past unfinished business, either by abandoning old projects or by completing them, leads to a greater integration with one’s past selves, and can clear a channel through memory, and far memory, for the witch to travel in the inner journey down to the Summerland.
1. For numen see Rose, H.J. in the bibliography.
2. For hiimori see Sangerel, both references, in the bibliography.
3. For the folklore of the Sabbat, see Jackson in the bibliography.
4. On the journey to the Sun, see Grimassi, p. 219, in the bibliography, also Nikhilananda, vol. II, p. 158.
5. See Knab in the bibliography.
6. See Gurney in the bibliography. More recently, a royal charter of King Suppliliumas has been found, authorizing a mercantile expedition to Byblos on the ancient Lebanese coast. Abraham may have been in it.
7. See Davidson (I) in the bibliography.
8. For the significance of Cernunnos in modern witchcraft, see Farrar in the bibliography.
9. See Davidson (II) in the bibliography.
Davidson, H.R. (I) , Gods and Myths of Northern Europe, London, Penguin Books, 1990.
__________ (II) , Myths and Symbols in Pagan Europe, Syracuse, NY, Syracuse
University Press, 1988.
Farrar, Janet and Stewart, Eight Sabbats for Witches, Custer, WA, Phoenix Publishing, 1988.
Grimassi, Raven, Ways of the Strega, St. Paul, MN, Llwellyn Publications, 1995.
Gurney, O.R., The Hittites, London, Penguin Books, 1952.
Jackson, Nigel, Call of the Horned Piper,
Knab, Timothy J., A War of Witches, Boulder, CO, Westview Press, 1995.
Nikhilananda, Swami, translator, The Upanishads, in 4 vols. New York, Ramakrishna-
Vivekananda Center, 1975. Prasna Upanishad is in Vol. 2.
Rose, H.J., Religion in Greece and Rome, New York, Harper Torchbooks, 1959.
Sarangerel (I) , Chosen by the Spirits, Rochester, VT, Destiny Books, 2001.
_______ (II) , Riding Windhorses, Rochester, VT, Destiny Books, 2000.
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Spell Ingredients: Add a Large Dose of Reality
Spell Ingredients: Add a Large Dose of Reality
Author: Solonius
The first ingredient for any spell: A large dose of reality…. I mean, really, what do you expect? If all spells worked, wouldn’t humanity universally believe in witchcraft and magic and use it wholeheartedly? And to that extent wouldn’t worthy practitioners be a desired commodity? It is imperative for practitioners to separate their wishful and whimsical fantasies from serious study, contemplation, experimentation and application.
I believe that in order to further understand and define the super-natural, you first have to develop and have a thorough understanding of the natural. Any study of the Craft requires a greater amount of study into the realm of Laws of Nature and the Laws of Physics. After all, how can you define what is extra-ordinary, if you don’t even know the extent of what is ordinary?
The Laws of Physics are many, and the typical high-school student mostly understands the important ones. Opposites attract (by and large this only works for ions, kids, not people) , for every action there is an opposite and equal reaction, a body in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside force, for any change in state the by-product or causation is heat, etc. How can better knowing these things help us in a greater understanding of our spell work? Because all these things deal with Energy, and what is the Universe constructed of? Anyone…? Yes, Energy. And what does spell work deal with, when you boil it all down (pun intended) ? That’s right, Energy! Or more accurately, the transfer of energy. This is the First Insight that any practitioner should grasp. EVERYTHING is energy.
The Second Insight that we should understand, because it deals with both types of laws, is that Nature abhors a vacuum. That can be observed as simply as watching a balloon deflate. What do you discover with these phenomena? That Nature seeks a balance. This holds true for the Laws of Life and the Laws of Physics. The Universe naturally seeks equilibrium. Whether this is between hot/cold, high pressure/low pressure, too many predators and not enough prey, the Law stays the same. In the end, Nature will follow its Laws. You do know, though, that there is a defined and empirical Order to Things. You might not understand it fully, but you can be assured that an order exists by observing the smallest things in nature. This is crucial: Be observant to Nature and learn from it. Nature, in all its complexity, is still a system of doing things the easiest and least energy wasting way. Contemplate that reality for a while.
Where does this energy come from? Good question. Is it physical energy, which means connected to our current plane of existence? If that is so, then you would not be able to contain it for the energy you are talking about on the physical plane is electrical in nature, and you would become walking atom bombs if you gathered the energy required to perform some spells. So it can’t be a physical energy type.
Is it spiritual energy (which obviously means it is energy collected from higher levels of existence) that you are able to gather and use? The usual consensus is “Yes, it is.” This leads to the next set of questions. Can energy from higher levels of existence cause effects on a lower level of existence? How can if affect the energy in a lower existence, if the two existences are not on the same sphere? Can the physical things you do on a lower plane of existence affect what happens on a higher plane of existence? Is your mentality the only link between what you perceive as the physical plane and planes above what you can perceive with your physical senses? What is the extent of ‘Reality’, does it encompass ALL spheres of existence as ONE reality? Nature abhors a vacuum, so if As Above – So Below is a Law of Nature, does this mean that the energies of a higher plane seek a balance with the energies of a lower plane?
It is said that in the higher planes all things are possible if you only imagine it so. I further postulate that you must not only imagine it so, it must become your perceived REALITY. You must learn to tap into the energies of the higher planes, and effect permanent changes there, before any changes can happen in the physical plane. I’ve often said that there is an ocean of difference between Understanding and Knowing. Understanding is intellectual; it is accepting truth without necessarily going through all the motions to prove it. Knowing is visceral; it deals more with proof from the physical senses perceiving something as true. Ergo, to make a change here, you have to Know that you have made a change in higher realms first.
I postulate the reason for this is the hypothesis of ‘trickle down economics’ if you’d like. What does this mean? It means that in order to build a hut on the physical plane, you must first build a mansion in the higher planes. More complexly, Nature (meaning all planes of existence) seeks a balance. Nature also does things the absolute least energy-wasting way. I perceive that Nature does not easily permit energy to flow across planes of existence, even if they are in the same ‘Reality’. With As Above – So Below, you can see through a simple diagram of two superimposed triangles (one point up, the other point down) that the equilibrium point is above here and now (the bottom point) , yet below the ultimate expression (the top point) . As you move down from the ultimate expression (the open V) , less and less energy is transferred. Therefore you must have a firm and knowing conviction of what you wish to accomplish and see a clear and precise picture of it occurring, before you can hope to realize it happening.
Ironically, you should also have a wonderfully developed sense of imagination up to the point of believing in what seems impossible. Only with an active imagination can you build that mansion up to the point of actualization in the higher planes. This seems contradictory, but I don’t feel that it is. Without a firm mental picture of what you require to exist, can you hope to achieve your goal? You have to build that mansion brick by brick, through much mental exactness and conviction. This requires a great deal of imagination as well as focus. The constructed mansion should then remain in that higher plane once you have completed it. It’s there; there is no doubt of its existence in your mind. Every time you visit the higher realms your mansion is there, gleaming with its glory. Make it Reality. Does this mean that a mansion will magically appear here and now for you in the material plane? Probably not, but the single minded effort it took to imagine it as reality in the higher plane, could translate into the required motivation and focus to achieve it in the here and now. Here is something else to consider: owning the mansion is secondary to the method of achieving it.
I’ve used the visualization of a mansion to put a face to a concept. However, it holds true for any endeavor. What you wish to have happen is secondary to HOW you achieve its happening. You build the mental picture (higher plane reality) while simultaneously going through with the steps required to achieve the same results. This multiple avenue approach enlists all your faculties to achieve what your desire is. The greater the amount of energies enlisted to achieve your desire, the more energy the universe aligns with the outcome. Remember: the method of how you achieve your goal is primary to the goal itself.
As an example: There is a twice-weekly fervent prayer on many lips throughout the land: “Please let me win the lottery!” However, if you never go out to purchase a lottery ticket, the effort placed into your prayer was wasted, wasn’t it? The same occurs with your Craft. Creating a spell to achieve the end result is short sighted. You still have to do the work to realize your goal. There really are no shortcuts. I don’t mean using some elaborate spell either. I mean elaborate mental visualization, coupled with following a plan to achieve the goal. Each reinforces the other, making the possibility of achievement vastly greater. Ground that visualization into what Laws Nature has already demonstrated. This lends conviction and credibility to the achievement of the goal.
What would be the required steps to achieve that goal without using any Craft? Incorporate those steps into the visualization with your spell. Bypass any flights of fantasy; they require too much energy to maintain. After all is it easier for your mind to accept flying to work on a broomstick, or driving your car? Your mind will default to what it Knows is possible, and will automatically call B.S. to what is not. Even a child imagining flying around the house on a broomstick Knows that they are just pretending. So why kid yourself? The more reality you incorporate into your Craft, the greater the results you will receive.
*On a side note: I don’t think of the planes of Reality as floors in a skyscraper, nor are they in some cardinal Direction. They don’t exist as pages in a book, where you can turn a page and have a new reality. I think of it as a condensing of energy from zero (conversely the most dense) to the ultimate amount of energy. They are all concurrent and here and now, superimposed upon what we can only perceive as the physical plane due to the limitations of our senses. This energy is limitless to infinity. For infinity is provable as far as we have observed. Outside the edge of the growing globe of galaxies expanding outward, is vacuum. Forever. You could hypothetically travel so far away that this entire globe of expanding physical energy seems like nothing more than a single spec of brilliant light. However, the theory of infinity breaks down if you require a starting point. As Above – So Below… Infinity must go in BOTH ‘directions’ forever, or the concept breaks down.
I thank you for your time in reading this. I hope it gave you some food for contemplation, and in some way helps you with more success on your path.
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Spell Casting: The Witches’ Craft
Spell Casting: The Witches’ Craft
Author: Jason Miller (Inominandum)
The Greeks made a distinction between theurgy and thaumaturgy. Theurgy literally means “God working” and refers to spiritual work that leads one into illumination or gnosis. Thaumaturgy means, “wonder working” and refers to the conjuration of spirits, casting of spells, blessing, cursing, curing and harming through practical magick. The balance between these two aspects of the craft has been an issue since the emergence of Wicca in the 1950’s. Does spell casting overshadow religion? This debate has been heating up in online groups and blogs recently due to a story on beliefnet.com by Carl McColman entitled Is Wicca Under a Spell, which deals with both sides of the issue. Many people in the Pagan community that I have spoken with feel that magick and sorcery do the religious aspects of Wicca no good and should be downplayed. Some I have spoken to have no interest in spell-casting at all, or perhaps don’t even believe in practical magick, and thus see this aspect of the craft as an obstacle to Wicca taking its place as a major Western religion. I would like to take this opportunity to present the opposing argument.
What often gets overlooked is that Wicca and Witchcraft are not the same thing. The terms are often used interchangeably but Witchcraft is a craft that can be, but isn’t necessarily, part of a religion. Wicca is most definitely a religion. While not all Wiccan traditions stem by lineage from Gerald Gardner, by and large they use a constellation of terms and beliefs that were first put in place by him and those that came after, thus we can say that we can trace Wicca more or less back to him. Witchcraft is a larger area than this. Isaac Bonewits once provided a breakdown of the types of Witches in America, which can help put this into perspective:
10% Neo-Pagan – Revivalist traditions, including Wicca.
70% Neo-Classical – Those who practice folk magick with mixed Christian and Pagan roots without regard to Witchcraft as a religion.
1-2% Classical village healers who practice completely non-religious folk magick.
1-2% Neo-Gothic – Practitioners of Satanism which is based on the Gothic Witchcraft of the Witch Hysteria Era.
1-2% Family Trads.
1-2% Immigrant Traditions: Pow-wow etc.
10% Practitioners of Vodou, Santeria, etc.
For example one of my ancestors was allegedly a “water witch” who told people where to dig wells. While in Venice I was offered a charm to obtain by a Witch. In both of these cases the Witch in question was a devout Christian. According to this breakdown Neo-Paganism and Wicca account for only %10 of American Witches but even within that scope there are many Witchcraft traditions that make it very clear that they are not Wiccan: The Feri Tradition, The Clan of Tubal Cain and the Cultus Sabbati all represent traditions of the craft that have non-Gardnerian roots, and do not fall under the umbrella of Wicca.
I have an enormous respect for Wicca but I am a Witch, not a Wiccan. I object when the terms are used interchangeably and when Wicca attempts to speak for all Witchcraft. I got involved with the craft during the mid 80’s in North Jersey, just outside of Manhattan. Paul Huson’s Mastering Witchcraft, Herman Slater’s Magickal Formularies, and the little spell books from Original Publications had much more of an influence on my Witchcraft than Scott Cunningham or Ray Buckland. This is not to say that I am not religious: I am. But I learned to use practical magick at an early age and was successful at it. I have traveled all over the world to learn traditional magickal techniques: from New Orleans, to Europe, to Nepal. Today I do magick professionally and consider traditional techniques of spell-working to be just as important as religious and spiritual traditions.
I would argue spell-casting is just as sacred as Wicca and Neo-Paganism and far more ancient and widespread a tradition. So where McColman asks the question: “As publishers produce more books about casting spells, is the spiritual message of Witchcraft getting lost?” I ask the opposite: Is the popular influence of Wicca and Neo-Paganism negatively impacting the tradition of spell casting, or if you will, the Witches’ Craft?
I think it is, on a number of levels. I will give just three examples:
The Wiccan Rede provides a very strong ethical principle for Witches to follow. As such, any mention of curses, jinxes, or harmful magick is frowned upon by the Pagan press. Some take this even further and extend it to spells that influence another’s will or reverse a curse back upon its sender. Very often in modern books I read “A REAL WITCH would never do harmful or coercive magick…” While I can applaud the good intent of these writers, and understand that authors are trying to paint a picture of Wicca that is acceptable to mainstream America, the fact is that this type of magick IS part of a “REAL” Witch’s repertoire. From the lead curse tablets of Greece, to the Gospel of Aradia, to more modern Witches like Sibyl Leek and Andrew Chumbley, cursing and coercion have always been a part of the Craft.
When my teacher taught me my first pieces of harmful magick, I was surprised. I had no interest in harming anyone but she told me, “You have to learn how to harm, in order to learn how to heal. The power comes hand-in-hand.” Apart from that lesson, life has taught me that a curse can be justified, and that in rare instances it can be down right compassionate. It is the use of knowledge that determines whether it is good or evil, not the knowledge itself.
To my mind allowing Wicca’s religious stance to determine what gets printed about traditional Witchcraft is wrong and pollutes the baraka of an ancient art. For instance Paul Huson’s book Mastering Witchcraft is one of the only early books of the craft that deals with the subject of vengeance and attack, and was given a horrible reputation in the Pagan community because of it. I have been to stores that refused to even carry it. One that did felt the need to put disclaimers all over it stating that it was “Not Real Witchcraft.” The book didn’t endorse vengeance and attack. It merely tried to present the full scope of the art it claimed to teach. In doing so, it put the preceding chapter on counter-magic and protection into great context. If anything, the craft teaches personal responsibility. Why then can we not trust readers to make their own ethical decisions about the craft?
In the aforementioned article on beliefnet.com, Gardnerian Priestess Judy Harrow, author of Spiritual Mentoring, was quoted as saying:
“I remember once a man solemnly informing me that if a spell calls for, say, blue candles, and the candles are whi
te candles dipped in blue instead of being blue all the way through, the spell will fail or maybe even backfire… People who believe that (magic) power is in ‘the stuff’ will not be able to access the power if ‘the stuff’ is not handy.”
A proficient Witch learns to substitute items that can’t be gotten in time. We also learn the magics of breath, gaze, gesture and incantation that can be cast without materials of any type whatsoever. While I agree that not all the power is in “the stuff, ” there certainly is quite a bit more than many modern writers would have you think. Many modern books make the case that “it’s all in your mind” and that the materials are just props with no real power of their own. This to me is disrespectful to the Witches and sorcerers that painstakingly wrote down formularies and philtres over the centuries. If this was really the case, why bother getting the ingredients right at all? Why not just write down “Devils Shoe Strings” on nine pieces of paper and use them instead of the herb? Try it and see what kind of results you get. Having lived in Nepal and worked with various Ngakpas (sorcerers) and Jankris (shaman) , I can tell you that they take their ingredients very seriously. I can say the same about the Bokors and Root Doctors of New Orleans.
Flying ointment made from mugwort in a carrier oil may be safer, but it is not just as good as one made from hemlock, belladonna, and other baneful herbs carefully mixed and applied. A stone with a hole drilled in it will not work as well as a real hagstone formed by running water. A twig from the backyard will not provide as good a basis for an influence charm as a whole High John root. These things have a tradition that goes back hundred of years and should not be cast aside so easily.
Psychological Reductionism:
Australian sociologist Douglas Ezzy was quoted in the beliefnet.com article regarding the effect of spells themselves:
“In his paper ‘New Age Witchcraft? Popular spell books and the re-enchantment of everyday life, Ezzy notes that spell books ‘encourage individuals to take control of their lives through self-exploration and self-affirmation. Furthermore, ‘performing magical spells functions as a way of re-discovering the enchanted and mysterious aspects of life.’”
McColman further interprets this:
“In other words, spells are more than just magical recipes for getting your own way; they are miniature rituals designed to foster a sense of mystery and wonder (what Ezzy calls ‘enchantment’) in everyday life, and to evoke a positive sense of power and hope in the spell-caster’s life. Even if casting a spell doesn’t make you rich or win you love, it could give you hope that such blessings really are possible in your life.
There are many Pagans and Wiccans that have no interest, belief in, or talent for spell-casting. That’s okay. I don’t believe that Witchcraft was ever meant to be a widespread practice. It may be elitist of me to suggest it, but I don’t think that everyone can cast an effective spell. Some can, some can’t. What we have today however are people drawn to the purely religious and spiritual aspects of Neo-Paganism and mistaking it for Witchcraft. They need to find a way to explain the place of spell-casting in a modern world, so its gets explained away in psycho-babble.
Many teachers today will explain that spells don’t actually offer outer change, only inner change. A spell to help you get a job will perhaps build your confidence but not affect the mind of the interviewer. The claim is that the magick is providing mystery, wonder, and self-affirmation. These are all good things, but it is clear that Witches throughout history did not feel this way about their craft, and neither do I!
I and many others know from experience that a well placed and executed spell can alter future events, affect the mind and spirit of a target or a client, and generally deliver the goods that are traditionally attributed to the craft. The effectiveness of this depends on the ability of the practitioner, knowledge of the art, and skillful application of that power and knowledge. Some people have a talent for practical magic. Some do not. Not so long ago, if you didn’t have a gift or calling for Witchcraft, you would not have been drawn to it. Now that it has become a popular subculture and religion, I wonder if people that don’t have much talent for spell work feel the need to write it off? To be clear I don’t think that you need to practice spellcraft to be a Pagan, or even a Wiccan, but that doesn’t mean we should reduce the classical art of Witchcraft to therapeutic drama.
McColman quotes writer Laura LaVoie as saying: “One of my fears with the spell books is that they send the wrong message to those looking for answers on how to be Pagan.” I have heard her fear echoed often in the Pagan community but very few consider the other side of the coin: Neo-Pagans can sometimes send the wrong message to those that just want to practice Witchcraft.
It’s pretty easy to tell whether a book is religious or is a collection of spells. I find it difficult to believe that someone looking to get a start in a new religion would pick up an Encyclopedia of Spells. On the other hand I do know of many people who came to a spiritual path, Wiccan or otherwise, through a desire to cast spells that opened up deeper questions.
I have what I consider to be a very rigorous and serious spiritual practice. I also am a professional Occultist who does readings and magick for pay. If Wicca doesn’t want to be confused with spell-casting, then they should stop using the term Witchcraft and Wicca interchangeably. Wicca represents one tradition of Witchcraft, not the whole practice.
There is room for both spells and Spirit. Keep the spell books coming! Keep the Pagan books coming! Keep the Wiccan books coming! Let them all get better researched and lead people deeper into the mysteries, from whatever angle of approach they choose.
May the Blessing, Cursing, and Cunning Be!
McColman, Carl, , beliefnet.com, 2005.
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The Witch’s Rune
Witchy Comments & Graphics
The Witch’s Rune
Darksome night and shining moon
Hearken to the witch’s rune
East then south, west then north
Here come I to call thee forth
Earth and Water, Air and Fire
Work ye unto my desire
Wand and Pentacle and Sword
Hearken ye unto my word
Cords and Censor, Scourge and Knife
Waken all ye into life
Power of the Witch’s Blade
Come ye as the charm is made
Queen of Heaven, Queen of Hell
Lend your aid unto the spell
Horned Hunter of the Night
Work my will by magick rite
By all the power of Land and Sea
As I do will, so mote it be
By all the might of moon and sun
Chant the spell and be it done.
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A Little Humor for Your Day – ‘Thirty-One Signs Technology Has Taken Over’
letterhead lists a fax number, e-mail address for two on-line services, and your
Internet address, which spreads across the breadth of the letterhead and
letter you write “is” letterhead.
device on your body beep or buzz.
4. You think of the gadgets in our office as “friends,” but you forget to send
your father a birthday card.
5. You disdain people who use low baud rates.
minutes answering the customer’s questions, while the salesperson stands by
silently, nodding his head.
how strange your mouth feels when you say it.
surprised or disappointed that you don’t have to explain it.
social security number.
11. You sign Christmas cards by putting 🙂 next to your signature.
are far more clever than :-).
13. You back up your data every day.
return with a rest for your mouse.
start pushing buttons on your telephone to receive more information about the
product it is selling.
22. You know without a doubt that disks come in five-and-a-quarter and three-
and-half inch sizes.
feeling compelled to make something up.
29. You have ended friendships because of irreconcilably different opinions
about which is better — the track ball or the track “pad.”
tree and write a haiku. And don’t use a laptop.
31. You e-mail this message to your friends over the net. You’d never get
around to showing it to them in person or reading it to them on the
phone. In fact, you have probably never met most of these people face-
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Today’s Quiz: Who Is Your Guide?
Who Is Your Guide? Quiz
Each one of us has powerful inner guides to help us find our way along the path of our life-journey. These guides bring gifts for us and offer very specific help. When we connect with the guide we need in the moment, our journey becomes smoother, we feel supported, and we can make swift soul-progress.
Is your present guide a powerful Shaman King, spirit-centered Priestess Queen, questing Knight, or youthful Child? Find out with this quiz:
Make note of the numbers of the following statements that are TRUE for you.
1. I need to make wise plans for my future and set better boundaries and limits.
2. I would like to feel more safe and secure.
3. I feel out of connection and as if I’m living superficially–but I know there’s more to my life than this.
4. I am hungry for nurturing, passion, deep feeling, and/or inspiration.
5. I feel as if I have lost something important that would improve the quality of my life.
6. I need to feel more galvanized to go after what I need.
7. I need more playtime in my life: everything feels like a chore.
8. Old, painful memories and feelings have started to surface in my life and I am sick of repeating my old patterns.
9. I feel completely unsure of where I am at the moment, sort of lost in the fog–as if I know nothing at all.
If you answered TRUE to 1 or 2, the Shaman King is the guide who will help you now. Look to this grounded, wise, powerful part of your Self to help you feel stable, safe, and able to plan and protect yourself. Collect images of mature and stable power to keep with you. Give your Shaman King a name. Imagine being filled with his strength and certainty.
If you answered TRUE to 3 or 4, the Priestess Queen is your guide. This part of you can help you to feel more deeply connected to All That Is, deeply nourished and alive to the wonder of living. Find pictures of this archetypal helper to keep where you will see them and feel supported. Give your Priestess Queen a name. Visualize her walking beside you, sharing her qualities of spirit-filled grace and dignity with you.
If you answered TRUE to 5 or 6, the Knight can help you to find what you seek. This questing part of the Self is a great helper when you know there’s something you need. Visualize a bold companion who knows every step of the journey that leads to what you most deeply desire. Give this companion a name. Imagine him or her beside you as you venture into unfamiliar territory.
If you answered TRUE to 7 or 8, the Child will help you to reconnect with your playful inner child-self, who knew exactly what she loved to do. She can show you what you need to do in order to heal from old wounding and create healthier new patterns for yourself. Collect old photos of yourself and imagine asking that child-self for her input.
If you answered TRUE to 9, your guide is the Mystery. Difficult though it may be, you need to trust that you are not meant to know–AND that it is alright not to know right now. Eventually, things will become clearer. Right now, see if you can enjoy being in the place of not-knowing.
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What’s the difference between PCIe and NVMe?
2020-06-11 15:39:12
Tag:PCIe, NVMe
NVMe and PCIe are the most mentioned conceptions in Networking or Storage Application. But have you ever encountered these terms and gotten confused so that you can not distinguish one from another? In fact, these two terms are exactly two different things.
Let me briefly clarify the relationship between PCIe and NVMe.
PCI Express Standard is released by PCI-SIG
NVMe Standard is released by NVM Express?
They both can mean a protocol.
They both related to Storage Application and solid state drive.
PCIe means peripheral component interconnect express.
NVMe means nonvolatile memory express.
PCIe can mean a kind of computer bus, but NVMe is not.
PCIe is a kind of interface, while NVMe is not.
NVMe is a kind of protocol that SSD uses, but PCIe indicates mostly the I/O channel.
So NVMe SSD can utilize the PCIe as the interface, but PCIe doesn’t.
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https://www.10gtek.com/new-1409
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Category: Spiders
Learn More About Our Pest Control Services
Our effective residential & commercial pest control and sanitizing/disinfecting maintenance programs are customized to fit your individual needs. Learn more about us; #A1Exterminators #PestControl #PestFree... more
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2022 Pest Calendar: Which Pests Should You Look Out For This Year?
If you're like most people, you probably think of pests as being the bugs that invade your home in the summer. However, there are many pests that can be a problem during other times of the year. In particular, pests that thrive in the winter can cause a lot of damage.There are many pests... more
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Pest Control Versus Exterminators: What’s The Difference?
Pest Control vs. Exterminators
Pest control and exterminators are both important in getting rid of pests, but there is a big difference between the two. Exterminators are licensed professionals who have been specifically trained to get rid of pests. They use chemicals and other methods to get the job done. pest control, on the... more
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The Carolina Wolf Spider
The Carolina Wolf Spider is a skilled hunter, not a trapper like other spiders. It does not wait for prey to get tangled in an intricate web; it seeks out and attacks. Though it is possible to see them in the daytime, Carolina Wolf Spiders are nocturnal and are usually spotted by people at... more
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House Spider – Habits and Habitat
The common house spider randomly selects its web sites and creates a tangled web. If a web does not yield prey (food) it is abandoned, another site is selected, and a new web built. Eventually, successful webs are constructed where air currents bring in prey. House spiders have a difficult time... more
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What are Black Widow Spiders?
Black widow spiders get their common name from the popular belief that the female eats the male after mating, a phenomenon which rarely happens in nature. These spiders can be found worldwide with five species established in the United States and are most recognized for the red hourglass shape on... more
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Cellar Spiders Habits
Cellar spiders construct loose, irregular webs in areas with higher relative humidity and moisture, such as homes, sheds, barns and warehouses. Within these structures, cellar spider webs are usually found in dark and damp places, including but not limited to the corners of eaves, windows and... more
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Cellar Spiders Threats
Long-bodied cellar spiders are not proven to be poisonous. There is a myth that their venom is one of the deadliest, and that their short fangs keep them from injecting this fatal venom into humans. However, there is no research proving this statement to be true.Long-bodied cellar... more
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How to Get Rid of Cellar Spiders
Wondering how to get rid of cellar spiders? If a cellar spider infestation is suspected, contact a licensed pest control professional for assistance. Spider control is a multi-step process that includes inspection of the home or building, accurate identification, prevention, sanitation and... more
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Long-bodied Cellar Spiders
Cellar spiders are a species of spider belonging to the group of animals known as “arachnids.” There are both long-bodied as well as short-bodied cellar spiders. As their name implies, cellar spiders are found in dark and damp places like cellars and basements. They... more
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https://www.a1exterminators.com/category/insects/spiders/
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Democrats revisit Garland snub during Neil Gorsuch hearings
Democrats revisit Garland snub during Neil Gorsuch hearings
Posted at 6:16 AM, Mar 20, 2017
and last updated 2017-03-20 15:23:36-04
Senate Democrats are reliving the snub of Merrick Garland, President Barack Obama's nominee to the Supreme Court, at the hearing of President Donald Trump's pick Monday.
The first three Democrats speaking at the hearing of Judge Neil Gorsuch in the Senate Judiciary Committee began their speeches invoking the decision by Republicans to refuse a hearing or vote on Garland last year after the death of Justice Antonin Scalia.
Sen. Patrick Leahy called it an "extraordinary blockade" that was "totally unprecedented in our country's whole history."
"Senate Republicans made a big show last year about respecting the voice of the American people in this process," he said, referring to Trump's election victory. "Now they're arguing that the Senate should rubber-stamp their nominees selected by extreme interest groups and nominated by a president who lost the popular vote by nearly 3 million votes."
Cruz sharply defended Republicans' decision to hold the seat vacant, saying the president election was also a "referendum on the kind of justice that should replace Justice Scalia."
Democratic Sen. Dick Durbin said the actions blocking Garland and subsequent Gorsuch nomination "is part of a Republican strategy to capture our judicial branch of government. That is why the Senate Republicans kept the Supreme Court seat vacant for more than a year and why they left 30 judicial nominees who had received bipartisan approval of this committee to die on the Senate calendar as President Obama left office."
Leahy said the GOP is conducting "court unpacking scheme," harkening back to President Franklin D. Roosevelt's failed effort in the 1930s to pack the Supreme Court with more justices, a move lawmakers rejected.
"Remember the Judiciary Committee once stood against a court-packing scheme of a Democratic president that would have eroded judicial independence, and that was a proud moment," Leahy said. "Now Republicans on this committee are guilty of their own court-unpacking scheme."
Monday is the first day of four hearings on Gorsuch a federal appeals court judge from Colorado, likely to carry on the conservative legacy of Scalia and be an early legacy-establishing win for Trump.
Judiciary Chairman Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa, used his opening statement to decry "executive overreach" and expressed "alarm" over "the threat it poses to the separation of powers."
Discussing the need for an independent jurist, Grassley said, "Good judges understand this. They know it isn't their job to fix the law. In a democracy, that right belongs to be the people."
Democrats going after Gorsuch dissents, Trump policies
Democrats will also use the hearing to go after Trump's early actions such as his travel ban for people from seven -- then revised to six -- majority-Muslim countries, which has been blocked by federal courts from coast to coast.
The question, California Sen. Dianne Feinstein said of Gorsuch, is "whether he will protect the legal and constitutional rights of all Americans."
"President Trump repeatedly promised to appoint someone in the mold of Justice Scalia," she said, "and that the nomination of Judge Gorsuch illustrates that he is a man of his word. For those of us on this side, our job is not to theoretically evaluate this or that legal doctrine, or to review Judge Gorsuch's record in a vacuum. Our job is to determine whether Judge Gorsuch is a reasonable mainstream conservative or is he not."
Under the radar
About a dozen people in the audience are wearing red "stop Gorsuch" shirts.
Each senator on the Judiciary Committee will speak Monday, followed by two Colorado senators introducing Gorsuch as well as Neal Katyal -- a former Obama acting solicitor general. Gorsuch himself is expected to give his opening statement in mid-afternoon. He will face questions from senators Tuesday.
Grassley announced he expects a committee vote on Gorsuch's nomination on April 3.
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https://www.abcactionnews.com/news/national/what-to-expect-in-supreme-court-nominee-neil-gorsuchs-confirmation-hearing
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Stages prototyping
Our unique approach to technological advancement enables the efficient production of prototypes that shortens development time and increases performance.
By developing a physical validation of a customised design, we can support you to fine-tune your concepts and ensure that they fully meet your brief.
Why us?
We create prototypes designed to test your components in real-world scenarios, subjecting them to all environmental conditions, ensuring that they are fit for purpose. This provides confidence that the final product will function effectively under pressure and meet your brief in full. The prototyping process is hugely important in developing a solution that meets your specific needs. By making your ideas tangible we enable data-driven decision-making to take place.
Prototype realisation and development enables you to test and refine your design to ensure it serves its objectives efficiently and reliably without incurring unnecessary costs. Our design engineers have decades of experience in testing and development and are best placed to ensure a seamless transition from design to manufacturing. By implementing your ideas effectively and debugging at an early stage, you can shorten your development times and increase overall performance.
Stages prototyping custom
Developing prototypes for custom solutions across a wide range of markets
Prototype development and realisation ensures that your custom solution is at the forefront of any technological advancement and shortens the path to production.
Creating enhanced technological solutions at each stage of the project
There are endless possibilities for how we can help you develop solutions that enhance our shared technological future. Here are just a few.
Prototyping component samples
Component samples
We develop technologically advanced samples that provide you with the opportunity to test, validate, and refine your design until you are happy with the functionality. This rigorous design methodology means that most prototypes are right the first time. Simulations save time, simply by eliminating design reiterations, time to market can be reduced by weeks or even months.
Prototyping compatibility testing
Compatibility testing
We fully test and debug your active components, where appropriate. If your designs need to withstand unique, challenging conditions from extreme temperatures to humidity and movement, we can ensure that they meet your needs. You can be confident that your ideas achieve your goals and are manufactured into a realistic and high-functioning product.
Prototyping solution building
Solution building
We create high-quality, optimised prototypes that are designed to exceed your expectations and meet all regulatory standards. Our proof-of-concept designs mean you can be confident that your solution needs are fully scoped, developed, and refined by our team of expert engineers.
How can we help?
Our approach
White people icon
Working together to create the right solution.
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From modified to fully customised components.
Assembling a chipboard
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Technological expertise across your application lifecycle.
Technologies and strategic partners
Technical news and insights
Access industry news and Acal BFi articles, white papers and brochures
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https://www.acalbfi.com/uk/solutions/prototyping
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Turite klausimų? +370 698 34349
Yamaha RX-V581 garso stiprintuvas namų kino resyveris 7x150W interneto radija WiFi Bluetooth® Airplay 2-jų zonų skirtas ULTRA HD televizoriams
Būsena: Pasirinktos prekės šiuo metu nėra sandėlyje
Sena kaina: 599,00 €
Speciali kaina 475,00 €
Nemokamas pristatymas per 0-3 darbo dienas.
Prekės užsakymas
Produkto aprašymas
Yamaha RX-V581 namų kino resyveris 7x150W interneto radija WiFi Bluetooth® Airplay skirtas ULTRA HD televizoriams
7x145W MAX 7X100WDIN/8om. YPAO. HDCP 2.2 , Bluetooth® Airplay® MusicCast® Kompresuoto garso signalo atstatymo sistema; Burr-Brown 192 kHz/24-bit DAC visiems kanalams. Valdymo pultelis - universalus. 3D Ready 1080p Repeater HDMI 4xin 1xout; HDMI Audio Return Channel, HDMI CEC; Deep Color; Dock Port. Dviejų zonų
Skirtas ULTRA HD televizoriams su paskitinėmis vaizdo apdorojimo technologijomis 4K Ultra HD Dolby Atmos® and DTS:X™
Svoris 8,1 kg. Išmatavimai 435 x 161 x 327 mm
Spalva: juoda arba sidabrine .
Atraskite geriausią garsą savo namų kino sistemai, Hi-Fi ir Jūsų asmeninį muzikinį malonumą. YAMAHA siūlo įdomius naujus produktus, skirtus praturtinti Jūsų gyvenimą per muziką.
DTS:X™ and Dolby Atmos®
Experience dimension. Enter a new world of sound with Dolby Atmos and DTS:X. These sound technologies transport you from an ordinary moment into an extraordinary experience with captivating, multidimensional sound that fills your room with amazing richness and depth. These sound technologies allow for music, people and objects to come alive in breathtaking detail and flow in precise choreography all around you, making you feel like you are right in the middle of the story.
Dolby Atmos Speaker Patterns
Sound fields galore. Multiple placement patterns are available for presence speakers that support Dolby Atmos, creating a sound field that’s ideal for your setup. Any layout can be appropriately reproduced, including the three-dimensional space of CINEMA DSP as well as Dolby Atmos.
All Your Content
Everything you can imagine. MusicCast allows you to access your digital music library, streaming music services and Internet radio, as well as Bluetooth® sources, your TV sound and external sources attached to your AV receiver, such as a Blu-ray Disc™ or CD player.
Play your favorite streaming service. This AV receiver is equipped with Bluetooth functionality to let you enjoy easy wireless music playback from smartphones and other devices. The Compressed Music Enhancer, a digital sound processing technology from Yamaha, is now optimized for Bluetooth audio transmissions to ensure that your music will have vivid, lively sound quality during wireless playback.
More controllability. Another benefit of HDMI is the availability of CEC functionality. When the unit is connected to a CEC compatible TV, it will turn on and off together with the TV and you can use the TV remote to control the volume. CEC also provides advanced functionality with other components. For example, you can use the AV receiver remote to control player functions like skip and stop.
4K, HDR and BT.2020
Darker blacks, whiter whites and more vivid colors. This unit supports the latest HDMI standards thanks to the transmission of 4K video at 60 frames per second (pass-through only). Fully enjoy the high definition video quality of 4K without degradation along with HDCP 2.2 that fully complies with the latest copyright protection, a standard for 4K video transmission. It also supports the wider color gamut of BT.2020 pass-through.
HDMI with 3D and Audio Support
See and hear 3D. This AV receiver supports 3D video signals. Additionally, the Audio Return Channel function enables audio to be sent and received via the same HDMI cable, so you can hear the sound from the TV via a single HDMI cable.
Network Functions
Access more. This AV receiver provides a variety of network functions that enable you to access more sources and also enhance operation. You can connect the AV receiver to your home network or internet to enjoy Internet radio, Spotify, Pandora® or music stored on a NAS and home PC. The AV Controller App (from iTunes® or Google Play) lets you control various functions from your iPod®, iPhone®, iPad® or Android™ phones/tablets.
Wi-Fi Compatible
Stream simply. Built-in Wi-Fi allows for a connection with your wireless router, greatly simplifying system connections for enjoying networked audio (PC/NAS) and music streaming services. If a Wi-Fi router is not available, the unique Wireless Direct feature not only allows you to stream music directly from your smartphone or tablet via the AV Controller App, AirPlay® etc., but also allows for control of the AV receiver as well.
iCompatible. This AV receiver supports AirPlay, which means it can accept wireless music streaming from iPod, iPhone, iPad, as well as from iTunes on a Mac® or PC. This makes it easy to enjoy music from your mobile device or computer through your home theater system. You can view metadata such as song title, artist name as well as album art inside the AV receiver's on-screen display.
Spotify Connect
Millions of songs. With the Spotify app on your smartphone, you have instant access to millions of songs. Now you can stream those songs to your networked Yamaha AV receiver by using Spotify Connect. Just hit play to start streaming music. When you listen to Spotify outside on your smartphone or tablet and come inside, the song immediately streams to your Yamaha AV receiver allowing no interruption to your music playback. You can also personalize playlists and receive phone calls while listening to music on Spotify.
The Spotify app and premium account are required. Visit www.spotify.com for more details.
Try Spotify Premium for free on your Yamaha home entertainment system for 30 days. Visit http://spotify.com/yamaha for more details.
AV Controller App
Easy and convenient operation. This AV receiver lets you use the Yamaha AV Controller App that is downloadable from iTunes, Google Play or the Amazon Appstore to control the power, volume, input selections, DSP modes and much, much more from an iPhone or Android device. Customize the interface by hiding unused icons and renaming functions. Includes 23 different languages. A tablet version is also available.
DSP Adjustment
Create sound fields at home. This AV receiver is equipped with a variety of sound programs that utilize original DSP technologies from Yamaha. These sound programs allow you to easily create sound fields like actual movie theaters or concert halls. It is now possible to use the AV Controller App to adjust the DSP parameters of your favorite movie or music album.
Codec Support
Codec compatible. This AV receiver is compatible with many audio formats such as Dolby® True HD and DTS-HD Master Audio™. It is also compatible with high-resolution audio codecs such as DSD/AIFF/FLAC/WAV/Apple® Lossless. You will enjoy the excellent sound quality of these various high-resolution audio codecs from the USB input on the front panel or from network connected devices.
Compressed Music Enhancer
Hear more. When music is encoded into a digitally compressed format like MP3, the frequency response suffers. The Compressed Music Enhancer from Yamaha employs sophisticated digital signal processing using exclusive algorithms to restore what was lost, so the music always sounds the way it should.
Gapless Playback
Sound Optimization
Every room is different. YPAO™ (Yamaha Parametric room Acoustic Optimizer) analyzes the room acoustics and tunes various audio parameters for optimum sound in just a few minutes. It’s like having a professional installer calibrate your system.
Rich Bass Reproduction
Feel your lows. This exclusive low-range enhancement technology delivers richer bass than you would expect from smaller sized speakers while maintaining good localization and sound balance even with compact front speakers. When a subwoofer is used, it improves the volume of the entire low range of the speaker system, not only the front speakers, but also enhancing the bass from the subwoofer. You'll enjoy video and music with sound that has exceptional power and presence.
Total Purity
Discrete Amp Configuration
SCENE for One-Touch Start
Virtual Presence Speaker
Wide, high and dense sound. CINEMA DSP 3D provides a wide, high and dense sound field. HD Audio format decoding lets you enjoy HD Audio sources. Virtual Presence Speaker delivers three-dimensional sound without the actual use of presence speakers.
Virtual Surround Sound
Surround from the front. Even when it is impossible to install surround speakers behind the listening position, you will enjoy virtual 5-channel surround sound with all of the speakers placed in the front of the room. This is ideal for those who can't or prefer not to install speakers in the rear of the room.
Virtual Presence Speaker and Virtual Surround Back Speaker
Virtually surround yourself. With the power of CINEMA DSP 3D, the Virtual Presence Speaker function makes full use of center and surround speakers to create audible information from where presence (height) speakers are normally installed. In addition, this model also features a Virtual Surround Back Speaker function. Even without using surround back speakers, you can experience more natural, lifelike sound from behind you without physical speakers being installed in the surround back area of the listening environment.
Subwoofer Trim
Improved sound imaging. The Subwoofer Trim Control enhances the low frequencies by avoiding overlap with the front speaker output. This will result in a cleaner, more focused soundstage while providing a seamless frequency response. When subwoofer frequency overlap occurs in conventional systems, the overall sound is “pushed” toward the subwoofer. Subwoofer Trim Control takes care of this by separating the low subwoofer frequencies cleanly, thus stabilizing the front stage while providing a well-balanced enhanced bass sound
Install with ease. The AV SETUP GUIDE makes it much easier to perform the set up process with the Yamaha AV receiver. This app assists you with cable connections between the AV receiver and source devices. Additionally, it guides you through various settings such as speaker connections, TV and source device connections and power amplifier assignments. System illustrations and actual AV receiver images help you understand how to make the connections between devices. It is available in multiple languages and is designed for iOS and Android tablets.
Selectable Standby
ECO Mode
Go green. When ECO mode is turned on it can reduce power consumption by about 20 percent.
Easy Setup
Go smart. Use your smartphone or tablet together with the MusicCast app to operate the speaker and change settings quickly and easily. The app also functions as a remote control for all your MusicCast devices.
Zone B
Play in a second room. Zone B* audio allows the AV receiver to send 2-channel stereo to a second zone. The main zone will play a 5-channel output while others enjoy the same source in a second room.
* Zone B always mirrors the audio output in the Main Zone.
Klientų apžvalgos (1)
stiprintuvas Yamaha RX-V581Autorius Valdas
išsirinkau nes geriausias mano nuomone kainos kokybės santykis, likau labai patenkintas (Įrašyta 2016-06-21)
Parašyti savo apžvalgą
Jūsų apžvalgos: Yamaha RX-V581 garso stiprintuvas namų kino resyveris 7x150W interneto radija WiFi Bluetooth® Airplay 2-jų zonų skirtas ULTRA HD televizoriams
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https://www.audiovideo.lt/yamaha-rx-v581-namu-kino-stiprintuvas-resyveris
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I am a big night dreamer. Many of my ideas come in my sleep, albeit some of them more comforting than others. When I get an idea and move it onto canvas, once I hit a certain “tipsiness” in the painting, I get a giddy feeling of satisfaction. Anthropomorphism is is as comforting to me as my native tongue, so inanimate objects as alive is no different than playing with dolls, building sand castles, or flying in my dreams.
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https://www.austenarts.com/surrealism
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Baradine - Meaning of Baradine
What does Baradine mean?
[ syll. ba-ra-di-ne, bar-ad-ine ] The baby boy name Baradine is pronounced as BaaRaaDAYN- †. The origin of Baradine is the Australian language. The name Baradine means small kangaroo.
The name Baradin is a variant form of Baradine.
Baby names that sound like Baradine include Baradin, Barthomieu (Provençal), Bartolmeu (Portuguese), Bertino, Bertuino, Bratumil (Polish), Burdan, Bartomeu (Catalan), Barden (English), Bardene, Bardin, Bardon, Bardyn, Bartin, Bartome (English), Barton (English), Bartyn, Berdin, Bertan, and Bertin.
† approx English pronunciation for Baradine: B as in "be (B.IY)" ; AA as in "odd (AA.D)" ; R as in "race (R.EY.S)" ; D as in "day (D.EY)" ; AY as in "side (S.AY.D)" ; N as in "knee (N.IY)"
Meaning of Baradine Meaning of Baradin
Baby Name Explorer for Baradine
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Exclusive video: Plane crashes on Carlsbad beach, hits 12-year-old
A plane has crashed in the ocean near a power plant in Carlsbad.
CARLSBAD (CBS 8) –The Federal Aviation Administration is investigating a single engine plane that crashed onto Carlsbad beach hitting a child on Saturday.
CBS News 8 has exclusive cellphone video from a witness that shows the small plane barreling into a wave and flipping over.
The plane went down on the beach along the 4600 block of Carlsbad Boulevard between the Carlsbad power plant and Tamarack Avenue just after 3:00 p.m. Saturday.
“It was towing a Geico commercial ad behind it and I noticed the plane was going slow I took out my camera and the engine stopped,” said Thomas Morrison.
He shot the exclusive video from the jetty just north of the power plant where he saw the 23-year-old pilot flying north and turn east and glide south.
“At one moment he looked like he was going to land in the water then he banked over in the sand again that's when you see in the footage he tried to do a little bit of both and landed it,” said Morrison.
California State Park officials say a 12-year-old was hit by the plane and transported to Rady Children’s Hospital with unknown injuries.
“The pilot was towing a banner at the time and lost power. That was the only indication he has given us," said Lt. Justin McHenry, California State Parks.
Dean Nesbitt was just feet away on the beach when the pilot dropped the banner.
“I saw the plane coming in, engine off, it was silent that is why no one had any time to scatter. No one heard it coming,” said Nesbitt. “Being that silent you never expect something to come out of the sky like that. I just happened to catch it walking back over here and I thought this isn't going to be good."
Families enjoying the Fourth of July panicked when they saw the plane gliding down towards them.
“People were yelling for people get out of the way, 'get out of the water,'” said Darrel Hicks.
Witnesses say the wing hit the waves and the plane flipped over on the shoreline.
“As soon as he hit the ground his tail flipped over, I could see a couple kids duck over,” said Shawn Hicks.
Cellphone video from another witness shows emergency crews swarm the 12-year-old boy.
A spokesperson for Rady’s says his condition is not being released. Witnesses say they saw he had a cut to the back of his head.
Emergency crews had the area taped off. The pilot was uninjured and stayed on the scene to speak to investigators.
Nearly four hours later, the plane was pushed to the seawall where a crane hoisted it onto a tow truck. The owner of the plane from Air Ads Inc. watched in disbelief.
“I’m shocked,” said Jim Oakley. “He [pilot] is upset that he lost his airplane. It's destroyed now it will take years to put back together."
With so many families on the beach for Independence Day beachgoers say this could have been a massive tragedy.
“I could see the pilot's face, he was in total control and he wasn't panicking, he did an awesome job. It could have been a lot of worse, he missed as many people as he could,” said Nesbitt.
The owner of the plane says the aircraft is 15-years-old and hasn’t had prior problems. Oakley says the plane has a new engine and prop and says since last year the pilot had close to 700 hours of flying time.
The plane was towed to McClellan-Palomar Airport where the FAA will take over the investigation.
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Before You Leave, Check This Out
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Pendur Village Population - Vengurla, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
Pendur is a village located in Vengurla Taluka of Sindhudurg district in Maharashtra. Around 99 families reside in Pendur village. Pendur village is administered by Sarpanch(Head of village) who is elected every five years.
As per the Census India 2011, Pendur village has population of 392 of which 197 are males and 195 are females. The population of children between age 0-6 is 20 which is 5.1% of total population.
The sex-ratio of Pendur village is around 990 compared to 929 which is average of Maharashtra state. The literacy rate of Pendur village is 88.52% out of which 90.86% males are literate and 86.15% females are literate. There are 0.51% Scheduled Caste (SC) and 0 Scheduled Tribe (ST) of total population in Pendur village.
Pendur Population Facts
Number of Households99
Male Population197 (50.26%)
Female Population195 (49.74%)
Children Population20
Male Literacy90.86%
Female Literacy86.15%
Scheduled Tribes (ST) %0
Scheduled Caste (SC) %0.51%
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Making a Tangible Impact on Places That Tell Our Nation’s History
Making Impact Blog
As the nation's leading voice of preservation, the National Trust for Historic Preservation is focused on saving America's historic places.
From taking direct, on-the-ground action to preserve historic buildings, to advocating on Capitol Hill and in town halls nationwide, to working with individuals who are passionate about saving historic places, the National Trust for Historic Preservation is preserving and protecting the places that tell our stories, offer unique and memorable experiences today, and promise a vibrant future for the generations of tomorrow. In this Q&A, Monica Rhodes, Manager of Volunteer Outreach, shares her role in executing the National Trust for Historic Preservation's mission.
Q&A With Monica Rhodes:
What attracted you to this job & particular cause?
I received my bachelor’s degree in history and master’s in historic preservation, so I have always had a fascination with the past and how it connects to the built environment. I’ve also found interest in how communities experience their past and why narratives associated with a particular place rise to the level of “the story” while others are ignored.
As a manager of volunteer outreach, I am responsible for the Hands-On Preservation Experience or “HOPE Crew” program. This new initiative by the National Trust is designed to connect preservation projects to the national youth corps movement. HOPE Crew creates an opportunity for thousands of youth corps members to work on the rehabilitation of hundreds of sites, acquiring fundamental preservation skills along the way.
This position is a great fit both academically and professionally, I couldn’t have asked for a better opportunity.
Walk us through a “typical” day in your shoes. How are you making an impact through your work?
There’s no such thing as a typical day! It varies depending on what stage a HOPE Crew project is in. My day could be filled with conference calls and meetings or spent on location at one of the sites. If a project is just getting started, I make it a point to meet the HOPE Crew members onsite and provide an introduction to the world of historic preservation. I introduce them to concepts like “replace-in-kind” and speak to the importance of National Historic Landmark designation. It all depends on the day!
What do you find most rewarding about your job at the end of the day?
The opportunity to make a tangible impact on places that tell our nation’s history. Also, I find the ability to engage a younger and diverse audience in historic preservation to be an invaluable experience.
If you had a list of ‘best-kept secrets’ or advice you’d give to anyone with a similar position, what would it be and why?
My position has a lot of moving pieces, project coordination and partnership cultivation are always ongoing tasks. I also spend my time developing scopes of work, discussing historical significance and building-out the future of HOPE Crew.
Currently there are six HOPE Crew projects underway spanning from New York to as far west as Montana. Since no two preservation projects are ever the same, each site has its own preservation issue and local youth corps involved to complete the work. Perhaps, I should write the book.
Looking out 3 to 5 years, beyond the obvious trends, what do you think will be the next big change in your industry?
It is difficult to say exactly, this is definitely an interesting time to be a part of the preservation movement. The Trust continues to diversify its collection of sites that represent the full breadth of our American history. Our work is attracting a wide array of communities across the country and sparking an interest in younger generations through our on-the-ground work. It’s an honor to be a part of the movement that is protecting the historic places that connect us to our diverse past.
Our thanks to Monica Rhodes for sharing her time and expertise with us! To learn more about the impact Monica's organization is making, visit their website and connect with them at Click here to support their work with a donation.
The primary goal for any nonprofit is to get people to support that nonprofit’s cause so they can make an impact. But, behind each of those causes are hard-working individuals, actively involved in making that impact happen. Through our Making Impact Blog Series, we’re going behind the scenes with America’s Charities member organizations to learn how they’re making impact happen and share insights and advice from the staff and volunteers supporting these initiatives.
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HCP Live
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Moderna CMV Vaccine: Investing in Latent Virus Prevention
The company's investigational vaccine, which is in a phase 3 study, is an example of its commitment to addressing these viruses.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common latent virus with over half of Americans infected with it by the age of 40, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).1 CMV typically lays dormant in people who do not have compromised immune systems.
For those who are beset with the active virus, they can have more serious symptoms affecting various parts of the body including the eyes, lungs, liver, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. And for babies born with CMV, they can have brain, liver, spleen, lung, and growth issues. Hearing loss is the most common problem in this patient group who are dealing with congenital CMV infection.1
“CMV is the leading infectious cause of birth defects in the United States,” Sandeep Basnet, MD, director, Clinical Development at Moderna.
Clinicians and researchers argue there is a strong need for preventative or treatment modalities for latent viruses such as CMV.
“CMV represents a significant unmet medical need right now,” Basnet explained. “…It can lead to lifelong medical conditions for those with weakened medical conditions or those born with CMV infection.”
There is no FDA approved vaccine to prevent CMV.
During its Vaccines Day back in March, Moderna discussed its commitment to addressing latent viruses and the company’s pipeline includes vaccines for Herpes Simplex Virus-1, Herpes Simplex Virus-2, Varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr Virus, and CMV. The company is applying its mRNA technology it used against COVID-19 to develop vaccines for latent viruses. Their CMV investigational vaccine, mRNA-1647, is in its phase 3 registration study, known as CMVictory.
The study is evaluating the safety and efficacy of mRNA-1647 against primary CMV infection in women ages 16-40 years. Moderna is looking to enroll up to 6900 women of child-bearing age, at approximately 150 sites globally, starting with the US. The company has set a goal of enrolling 42% of the participants as persons of color.
The vaccine combines 6 mRNAs in one vaccine, which encode for two proteins located on the surface of CMV: five mRNAs encoding the subunits that form the membrane-bound pentamer complex and one mRNA encoding the full-length membrane-bound glycoprotein B (gB). Both the pentamer and gB are essential for CMV to infect barrier epithelial surfaces and gain access to the body, which is the first step in CMV infection. The mRNA-1647 vaccine is designed to produce an immune response against both the pentamer and gB for the prevention of CMV infection.
Contagion spoke with Basnet about the mRNA-1647 efficacy and safety profile thus far and the mRNA platform’s capability to address latent viral infections.
1.Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated August 18, 2020. Accessed May 12, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/cmv/overview.html
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Paleoconservatives and American Identity
Pat Buchanan
Voiced by Amazon Polly
Are there no inconveniences to be thrown into the scale against the advantage expected by a multiplication of numbers by the importation of foreigners?
—Thomas Jefferson
Although the former Nixon White House staffer has long since been ostracized by the conservative establishment, it is worth remembering that Pat Buchanan was once a major player on the American scene. In 1992, this contender for the Republican presidential nomination won the CPAC straw poll and garnered 38 percent of the vote in the New Hampshire primary. Today it seems incredible, but that year National Review even featured a cover story entitled “The Case for Buchanan.”
While his name is no longer a household word, his legacy is not going away. For a case can be made that much of Trump’s rhetoric about immigration is merely a vulgarization of Buchanan’s. So even those who reject Buchanan’s “paleoconservative” politics would do well to familiarize themselves with the paleoconservative perspective, as it will help them understand some of the forces at work in 2016 and since.
According to Buchanan, it is sheer romanticism to compare the waves of migrants now continually streaming across the southern border to, say, the Italians who came here by ship in the Ellis Island era. Back then, he argues in State of Emergency: The Third World Invasion and Conquest of America,
Only 5 million Italian immigrants came, but four times as many Mexicans are already here, with potentially tens of millions more coming. Where the Italians came legally, half of the Mexicans are illegal aliens. Where the Italians came to stay or returned home, Mexicans come and go. Where the Italians wanted to be part of our family, millions of Mexicans are determined to retain their language and loyalty to Mexico.
In other words, the Ellis Island trope fails partly because of the unprecedented numbers currently entering the country, partly because so many of today’s immigrants got off on the wrong start by entering illegally, and partly because so many migrants are able to maintain powerful ties to their mother country in lieu of forming new ones here. Moreover, adds Buchanan, America has lost much of its own sense of history, its self-confidence, such that new arrivals have less and less with which to meaningfully connect or assimilate. For immigrants, as well as for far too many natives, “America” means little more than fast food, Disney, and a welfare state.
Yet history matters. In particular, Buchanan emphasizes the fact that what we call “the United States” did not simply drop out of the sky. Rather, it was the result of a historical process—British settlement. During the Founding, the population of the newly-independent states was approximately 80 percent British—not European, mind you, or Western, but specifically British—and Federalists such as John Jay explicitly identified that fact as being important for the operation of the U.S. Constitution.
In a passage of The Federalist Papers that many would just as soon gloss over, Jay explained that part of the rationale for the new, stronger federal government he and his colleagues were proposing lay in the fact that “Providence has been pleased to give this one connected country to one united people—a people descended from the same ancestors, speaking the same language, professing the same religion, attached to the same principles of government, very similar in their manners and customs….”
From Jay’s remarks, Buchanan concludes that healthy political unity requires some measure of cultural unity, and that those who think the former can be maintained without the latter are kidding themselves. What must be admitted, sooner or later, is the reality of human nature:
Human beings are not blank slates. Nor can they be easily separated from the abiding attachments of the tribe, race, nation, culture, community whence they came. Any man or any woman, of any color or creed, can be a good American. We know that from our history. But when it comes to the ability to assimilate into a nation like the United States, all nationalities, creeds, and cultures are not equal. To say that they are is ideology speaking, not judgment born of experience.
In short, there is an Anglo core to American identity, and some immigrants can more easily connect to this core than others.
Needless to say, the point here is not to question the inherent worth of Mexican, or Salvadoran, or Guatemalan heritage. (Indeed, its religious errors notwithstanding, even the Islamic inheritance of the Middle East is not bereft of redeeming qualities!) Within limits, diversity really can enrich a society, and throughout history nationality has often proven a very complex thing.
Undeniably, American society has shown “an enormous capacity for transforming immigrants from somewhat differing cultures,” as Thomas Fleming—another paleoconservative icon—has observed. No, the point, as Fleming goes on to warn, is that the capacity to assimilate immigrants “is not infinite” and that “a United States dominated by Third World immigrants will be a very different nation in its cultural and its economic life.”
Yes, it is true enough that many of those complaining about mass immigration want to have their cake and eat it too, insofar as they want the exotic luxuries of globalization without having to compete with foreigners for jobs. Yet Buchanan and Fleming and many others concerned about the border crisis see it not merely in financial terms but in the context of an extraordinary cultural and spiritual crisis, a movement to level all national, regional, and ethnic identities throughout the world—global homogenization, or “globohomo” as it is sometimes known.
Idealistic proponents of globohomo want everyone to feel equally at home everywhere, to ensure no one will ever feel excluded; Silicon Valley believes that a standardized, homogenous world will be more conducive to mass consumerism. Against this, paleoconservatives like Buchanan and Fleming argue that as he loses his sense of roots, man becomes not more human but much less so. Should he ever entirely lose his sense of where he came from, he will in fact be alienated from all actual humans who have ever lived. He will be utterly unlike them insofar as he lacks any sense of heritage, culture, or history. A case can even be made that the frantic pursuit of identity through radical self-experimentation—e.g., transgenderism—is related to the void left by the widespread loss of inherited identity, particularly national, regional, and family identity.
Of course, it is possible that instead of a high-tech, Babylonian future marked by surreal dehumanization, the chaos and ethnic tensions caused through whisking in assorted masses of people from the four corners of the Earth will lead to catastrophic collapse, a la the late Roman Empire. Whatever the future holds—Brave New World, or the fissioning of Yugoslavia—it would have been nice to have had a candid public debate about the issue before caravan after caravan came rolling up to the southern border in a soft invasion.
On that note, let the last word on immigration go to Dr. Fleming:
The situation is quite as serious as even the most frightened alarmists have suggested, but we cannot begin even to speak seriously about changes in law until we are willing to violate the code of silence that the left has imposed upon the topic. There is a pressing need for plain speech and open discussion in which those who happen to agree with the overwhelming majority of Americans throughout our history are not stigmatized as xenophobes and racists. If the notion of aliens’ rights really takes hold, we are in danger of losing the entire concept of American citizenship.
If it is startling to reflect that these prescient words were written by an obscure Catholic classical scholar back in 1989—over thirty years ago—it is disillusioning to realize how little interest in Fleming’s reflections is shown today, either by “respectable” conservatives or Trumpians. At this point, it may no longer be a matter of speaking “seriously about changes in the law” but of figuring out how to cope with an imminent and inevitable dystopia, with what could be called “post-America.” Either way, perhaps we should henceforth pay more heed to those who forewarned us of disaster and less to those who brought us to it.
[Photo Credit: Kris Connor/Getty Images for SiriusXM]
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Three years ago today, the Freedom of the Seas caught on fire.
When we learned that the Freedom was on fire while heading to port in Falmouth, Jamaica, we called a former client who lives near the port (in Montego Bay) and asked him to video the fire. He videotaped the ship coming into port,
Caribbean Fantasy FireThe National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) published its findings yesterday regarding a fire on the Caribbean Fantasy cruise ferry, operated by Baja Ferries, near Puerto Rico in August of 2016. You can read the NTSB’s summary, proable cause findings, and recommendations regarding the fire here.
We reported on the fire at the time in our
Regal PrincessSeveral Princess Cruises passengers informed me that an incinerator fire occurred on the Regal Princess during the week of February 25th (two weeks ago). An alarm was sounded, and cruise passengers were later advised that the incinerator fire had been extinguished.
Incinerator fires are not uncommon, as we have reported before, but all cruise passengers should
Christy and Larry HammerFollowing the death of Christy and Larry Hammer who perished in 2016 aboard the La Estrella Amazonica (subsequently renamed as the Amazon Star) operated on the Peruvian Amazon by International Expeditions, the Hammers’ daughters have steadfastly sought answers and justice.
The sisters have found some of the former but not much of the latter. They
AuroraA fire reportedly broke out in the engine room of the Aurora this morning, causing the P&O cruise ship to lose its electricity and its propulsion.
The fire was extinguished after approximately an hour, following which emergency generators were eventually started.
At the time of the fire, the Aurora was in the mid-Atlantic sailing for the
A-Roda Cruise Ship FireA fire broke out on a Danube River cruise ship today. Around 190 passengers and crew members were evacuated, including eight people who were treated for smoke inhalation.
The fire reportedly broke out in the sauna area of the A-Rosa Riva cruise ship when the ship was west of Vienna, Austria, according to an Austrian
A fire reportedly erupted in the engine room of the cruise ship MS Nordnorge yesterday (June 29th) when the vessel was docked at Trondheim, Norway, according to the Maritime Bulletin.
Crew members and city firefighters extinguished the fire. Three crew members were reportedly treated for smoke inhalation. The Nordnorge is a "ro-ro" ship (roll
Princess Island PrincessA fire reportedly broke out yesterday aboard the Island Princess as it sailed in Alaska.
A Cruise Critic member posted information on the popular message board that the fire occurred due to leaking oil in the engine room, after the passengers on the cruise ship viewed the glaciers in Glacier Bay National Park.
The passenger
Costa Magica FireLast Friday night, around 1:30 A.M., a fire broke out in the engine room of the Costa Magica.
A passenger brought the event to my attention, indicating that there were several conflicting announcements from the cruise ship’s captain regarding where the fire broke out. The passenger indicated that the fire lasted over an hour.
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Tributes have been paid following the passing of a beloved husband, father, law graduate and basketball player/coach William Maclaren.
His club played homage to the local basketball legend just before his funeral on Tuesday, September 13.
William passed away following a short battle with cancer and his funeral was held in the High Kirk in Stevenston before a short service at Ardrossan Cemetery.
He was known to love his trainers, specifically Nike Jordan's, and those who attended were welcome to wear their own as a small mark of respect.
The Ayrshire Hospice were "amazing" during William's sudden deterioration, and the family decided to hold a collection at the funeral to pass onto the hospice "to acknowledge the amazing work they do".
In an emotional social media statement on the day of William's funeral, his basketball club, the Ayrshire Tornadoes, paid their respects.
The club said: "Today is the day we lay our friend, coach and teammate William Maclaren to rest after his short battle with cancer.
"As you can imagine we are all hurting and there are no words to express the sadness we are feeling. It all happened so quickly and just feels surreal.
"Members from the club past and present will be attending the funeral today to say a final farewell to a man who was an integral part of starting the club we all know and love.
"Our thoughts are with Shona, Thea and Mason and the rest of the family and close friends today and know that through all your special memories together, his love will live in your hearts forever.
"It all started with a simple hello, but sadly ended with an unfair goodbye."
Tributes have come pouring in ever since, to the man branded a "Stevenston Sabres Legend" for his time playing basketball with the club previously.
He will truly be missed withing the community, with one person commenting: "So sorry to have heard of his loss, the whole basketball community is a little worse without Willie in it.
"My thoughts are with all those who knew him well, especially his family on this very difficult day."
While another added their fond memories of the man, saying: "He used to turn up to Friday night fitba with his basketball shorts on along with a head band and some wrist bands.
"Am sure it was a decoy as some of the moves he pulled off was brilliant."
William's employers, Confida FM where he led the Ayr company's IT department, also paid their tributes.
They said: "It is with a heavy heart that we announce the passing of our beloved assistant director William MacLaren.
"William was a key player in Confida FM and led our IT department. William lived a full life as a husband, father, law graduate and basketball coach.
"He will be sorely missed, but his legacy, drive and commitment will live on at Confida FM.
"Our thoughts go out to William and his friends and family at this time."
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Sunday, May 31, 2020
Anger Privilege
angry that Trump won, your anger is socially acceptable. If you were angry that Obama won, it wasn’t. If you’re black and angry about the police, your anger is celebrated. If you’re white and angry about , or any leftist cause, you’re on the side of the angry angels.
If you hang up an effigy of a Democrat governor while protesting the lockdowns, you will lose your job. But if you topple statues, loot stores, or throw bricks at police, celebrities funded by corporations will help bail you out. Violence, like anger, is also a matter of privilege. Only some get to do it.
Public acts of violence are not a symptom of oppression, but of privilege.
Socially acceptable displays of anger, from Occupy Wall Street to Black Lives Matter riots to the anti-Trump marches to the furious campus protests, are invariably left-wing. They're never described as dangerous even when they trash, loot, kill, and burn cities to the ground. That's privilege.
Why were chants of “Lock her up” immoderate, but not Bush era cries of “Jail to the chief”? Why were Tea Party rallies “ominous” but throwing Molotov cocktails at cops is “courageous”? Why is killing Trump on stage the hottest thing to hit Shakespeare while a rodeo clown who wore an Obama mask was hounded by everyone from the Lieutenant Governor of Missouri to the NAACP?
And that is why the left so easily slips into violence. All its ideological ends are good. Therefore its means, from mass starvation to gulags to riots and tyranny, must be good. If I slash your tires because of your Obama bumper sticker”, I’m a monster. But if you key my car because of my Trump bumper sticker, you’re fighting racism and fascism. Your tactics might be in error, but your viewpoint isn’t.
Intersectionality frowns on expecting civil behavior from “oppressed” protesters. Asking that shrieking campus crybully not to scream threats in your face is “tone policing”. A black millionaire’s child at Yale is fighting for her “existence”, unlike the Pennsylvania coal miner, the Baltimore police officer and the Christian florist whose existences really are threatened.
The left prides itself on an unearned moral superiority (“When they go low, we go high”) reinforced by its own echo chamber even as it has become incapable of controlling its angry outbursts. The national tantrum after Trump’s victory has all but shut down the government, turned every media outlet into a non-stop feed of conspiracy theories and set off protests that quickly escalated into street violence.
But Trump Derangement Syndrome is a symptom of a problem with the left that existed before he was born and one that continues even in contexts where he isn't the issue. The left is an angry movement. It is animated by an outraged self-righteousness whose moral superiority doubles as dehumanization. And its machinery of culture glamorizes its anger. The media dresses up the seething rage so that the left never has to look at its demons in the mirror of its soul.
The left is as angry as ever. Campus riots and assassinations of Republican politicians are nothing new. What is changing is that its opponents are beginning to match its anger. The left still clings to the same anger it had when it was a theoretical movement with plans, but little impact on the country. The outrage at the left is no longer ideological. There are millions of people whose livelihoods were ruined, whose rights were taken away, whose land was seized, and whose children were turned against them. There are people whose small businesses have been shut down or burned to the ground.
The angry left demands that everyone recognize the absolute righteousness of its anger as the basis for its power. This anger privilege, like tone policing, is often cast in terms of oppressed groups. But its anger isn’t in defiance of oppression, but in pursuit of oppression.
Anger privilege is used to silence opposition, to enforce illegal policies and to seize power. But the left’s monopolies on anger are cultural, not political. The entertainment industry and the media can enforce anger privilege norms through public shaming, but their smears can’t stop the consequences of the collapse of civility in public life. There are no monopolies on emotion.
When anger becomes the basis for political power, then it won’t stop with Howard Dean or Bernie Sanders. That’s what the left found out in the last election. Its phony pearl clutching was a reaction to the consequences of its destruction of civility. Its reaction to that show of anger by conservatives and independents was to escalate the conflict. Instead of being the opposition, the left became the “resistance”. Trump was simultaneously Hitler and a traitor. Republicans were evil beasts.
Anger has to go somewhere.
The left likes to think that its anger is good anger because it’s angry over the plight of illegal aliens, Muslim terrorists, transgender bathrooms, the lack of abortion in South Carolina, the minimum wage at Taco Bell, budget cuts, tax cuts, police arrests, drone strikes and all the other ways in which reality differs from its utopia. But all that anger isn’t the road to a better world, but to hate and violence.
1. Anonymous31/5/20
The best piece I've read since the death of Floyd. Thanks, Daniel, for putting into words what so many of us think.
2. Anonymous31/5/20
Daniel’s use of examples and memes makes the case.
“Tone”, “Privilege”, “Resist” need no definition in
our now world of explosive reaction. Academ-media
programmed words are like post-hypnotic markers:
attack inciters for libs; IED tripwires against
Wander, as I once did, into a liberal discussion of
affirmative action, naively utter “quota”, and
you’ll see. (Not recommended.)
3. Marlene31/5/20
Accurate and clear as usual Daniel. Each little paragraph could stand alone as a commentary. Thank you.
This struck me as the saddest part
And inside that statement - ..Children were turned against them.... (yes me and my kids were on opposite sides of the Wuhan Flu issue - me being cynical and untrusting of the Experts, wanting to open up by Easter, they being petrified of the virus, and at the same time being virtuous that they were saving lives, and a over-reaction was better than an under-reaction, even though many more millions would be adversely affected. Never before did I see the clash of cultural and historical ideology be so clear.)
But to a deeper point on children turning against them; yes unless each of us was extremely careful to transmit our core beliefs in First Principles, The Founding of America, The Founders themselves (warts and all) the Declaration of Independence, Liberty, the Judeo-Christian value system, to our offspring, we will have lost them to the ideology and attraction to utopian ideals.
Many of us who read your columns came from, as David Horowitz, left leaning backgrounds. Growing up in the 60's and 70's, we saw our parents & the establishment as "plastic" and rigid, and we misunderstood that their self-control, was actually good. We rebelled agains it and decided we were better people. We cared more, were kinder, were more in-touch with nature were non-violent and so blew up their system.
Now as converts, looking back we see it was all about control of a different kind, and the violence was there, we just didn't see it as such.
Converting to these conservative concepts take time to incorporate into oneself. So while our kids were small we were not the stalwart conservatives that we are today. Thus we did not pass on the value system and ideals that we now embrace.
I fear the 1619 project will do irreparable damage and those in their 30's now raising children in the education system will only continue the trend to the left. The New York Times is like a plague on our culture & society. The rioting proves this point very clearly.
All I can do is continue to plant seeds in my kids and grandkids. Instead of commenting and worrying over every issue we see differently, I have decided to pick a couple that are most important, and share my view on those over and over in the hope that something will stick. and who knows maybe when they turn 40 they will have their "come to the Light side" moment. Accept the 3R's of Conservatism and embrace it.
Unfortunately their generation is at a disadvantage as social media is their source of information which includes the delusions that the MSM present as facts. So it will be an uphill battle.
As this is the season of "revelations" and the receiving of Torah, I am struck by the fact that revelations is the theme each and every day regarding the Deep State and the "resistance"; the way the Deep State manifests in the field of Science and Health, and how this Wuhan Virus has revealed the dark side of Tyranny. I know we see it, I just hope & pray that those not so embedded in the left ideology will see it too!
4. Anonymous31/5/20
Great article!! You can expand the idea beyond Left and Right. This is how evil operates. Period. Whether it's jihadi, nazi, or communist version or simply motivation by greed, hatred and/or stupidity - the playbook is always the same. The goal is absolute power and domination over others, wrapped in self-righteous slogans that appeal to the basest of human instincts. And the means can be anything - lies, violence, murder, even genocide, and any and all of those means invariably justify the ultimate goal. The choice becomes one of morality more than politics.
5. .... to intimidate, censor, oppress and to eventually kill (us) ....
Bring it on.
6. Thank you, Daniel. Concise and spot-on.
Double standard unfortunately lives and is thriving. The question is, how do we starve the beast?
1. stop conceding ground to it, legitimizing its anger as if it stems from a real problem
7. You need to understand how these people think. They are virtuous, you are evil. Anything they say or want or propose is therefore justified. Anything you say or want or propose is pure evil, racist, misogynistic, homophobic, islamophobic, etc - you knuckle dragging, MAGA Trump supporter.
1. Anonymous3/6/20
Your take on their vindictive certainty does me a
world of good; thank you! Past cherished friends
and family, now hateful: recognize, defend against,
leave behind. No other choices.
8. At the riots in crown heights a Jewish man was knifed and killed. Did we burn cars and throw molotov cocktails? That is not who we are, where we come from and not helpful in any way. I asked a woman if when her son came home with his "purchases" did she high five him or give him hell. No answer!
Blog Archive
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https://www.danielgreenfield.org/2020/05/anger-privilege.html?showComment=1591201285690
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| 0.994369 |
Absolute Evil Download
Long, long time ago, when magic was a usual thing, people were not the only sentient beings on the Earth. There were also trolls, goblins, elves and many others. Every so often wars between those beings broke out. The chaos reigned in countries then.Some countries would win over the other ones, some would suffer defeat. The rulers were changing, enlighteners were born.
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https://www.downloadsource.net/13176/absolute-evil/
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<urn:uuid:0e7a3e56-19d3-41ec-9fea-88fba1392a9c>
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| 0.905726 |
Glumetza (Metformin Hydrochloride)
500mg Tablet (Extended-Release)
1000mg Tablet (Extended-Release)
Generic equivalents for Glumetza... What are generics?
Metformin Hydrochloride
1000mg Tablet (Extended-Release)
Metformin Hydrochloride Information
(met for' min)
Metformin may rarely cause a serious, life-threatening condition called lactic acidosis. Tell your doctor if you have kidney disease. Your doctor will probably tell you not to take metformin. Also, tell your doctor if you are over 65 years old and if you have ever had a heart attack; stroke; diabetic ketoacidosis (blood sugar that is high enough to cause severe symptoms and requires emergency medical treatment); a coma; or heart or liver disease. Taking certain other medications with metformin may increase the risk of lactic acidosis. Tell your doctor if you are taking acetazolamide (Diamox), dichlorphenamide (Keveyis), methazolamide, topiramate (Topamax, in Qsymia), or zonisamide (Zonegran). Tell your doctor if you have recently had any of the following conditions, or if you develop them during treatment: serious infection; severe diarrhea, vomiting, or fever; or if you drink much less fluid than usual for any reason. You may have to stop taking metformin until you recover. If you are having surgery, including dental surgery, or any major medical procedure, tell the doctor that you are taking metformin. Also, tell your doctor if you plan to have any x-ray procedure in which dye is injected, especially if you drink or have ever drunk large amounts of alcohol or have or have had liver disease or heart failure. You may need to stop taking metformin before the procedure and wait 48 hours to restart treatment. Your doctor will tell you exactly when you should stop taking metformin and when you should start taking it again. If you experience any of the following symptoms, stop taking metformin and call your doctor immediately: extreme tiredness, weakness, or discomfort; nausea; vomiting; stomach pain; decreased appetite; deep and rapid breathing or shortness of breath; dizziness; lightheadedness; fast or slow heartbeat; flushing of the skin; muscle pain; or feeling cold, especially in your hands or feet. Tell your doctor if you regularly drink alcohol or sometimes drink large amounts of alcohol in a short time (binge drinking). Drinking alcohol increases your risk of developing lactic acidosis or may cause a decrease in blood sugar. Ask your doctor how much alcohol is safe to drink while you are taking metformin. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory. Your doctor will order certain tests before and during treatment to check how well your kidneys are working and your body's response to metformin. Talk to your doctor about the risk(s) of taking metformin.
Metformin comes as a liquid, a tablet, and an extended-release (long-acting) tablet to take by mouth. The liquid is usually taken with meals one or two times a day. The regular tablet is usually taken with meals two or three times a day. The extended-release tablet is usually taken once daily with the evening meal. To help you remember to take metformin, take it around the same time(s) every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take metformin exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor. Swallow metformin extended-release tablets whole; do not split, chew, or crush them. Your doctor may start you on a low dose of metformin and gradually increase your dose not more often than once every 1–2 weeks. You will need to monitor your blood sugar carefully so your doctor will be able to tell how well metformin is working. Metformin controls diabetes but does not cure it. Continue to take metformin even if you feel well. Do not stop taking metformin without talking to your doctor. Ask your pharmacist or doctor for a copy of the manufacturer's information for the patient.
Before taking metformin,
• tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to metformin, any of the ingredients of metformin liquid or tablets, or any other medications. Ask your pharmacist or check the manufacturer's patient information for a list of the ingredients.
• tell your doctor and pharmacist what other prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking. Be sure to mention any of the following: amiloride (Midamor); angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors such as benazepril (Lotensin, in Lotrel), captopril, enalapril (Vasotec, in Vaseretic), fosinopril, lisinopril (in Zestoretic), moexipril (Univasc), perindopril (Aceon), quinapril (Accupril), ramipril (Altace), and trandolapril (Mavik); beta-blockers such as atenolol (Tenormin), labetalol (Trandate), metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL), nadolol (Corgard, in Corzide), and propranolol (Hemangeol, Inderal, InnoPran); calcium channel blockers such as amlodipine (Norvasc), diltiazem (Cardizem, Cartia, Diltzac, others), felodipine, isradipine, nicardipine (Cardene), nifedipine (Adalat, Afeditab CR, Procardia), nimodipine (Nymalize), nisoldipine (Sular), and verapamil (Calan, Covera, Verelan, in Tarka); cimetidine (Tagamet); digoxin (Lanoxin); diuretics ('water pills'); furosemide (Lasix); hormone replacement therapy; insulin or other medications for diabetes; isoniazid (Laniazid, in Rifamate, in Rifater); medications for asthma and colds; medications for mental illness and nausea; medications for thyroid disease; morphine (MS Contin, others); niacin; oral contraceptives ('birth control pills'); oral steroids such as dexamethasone, methylprednisolone (Medrol), and prednisone (Rayos); phenytoin (Dilantin, Phenytek); procainamide; quinidine (in Nuedexta); quinine; ranitidine (Zantac); triamterene (Dyrenium, in Maxzide, others); trimethoprim (Primsol); or vancomycin (Vancocin). Your doctor may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects.
• tell your doctor if you have or have ever had any medical condition, especially those mentioned in the IMPORTANT WARNING section.
• tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding. If you become pregnant while taking metformin, call your doctor.
• tell your doctor if you eat less or exercise more than usual. This can affect your blood sugar. Your doctor will give you instructions if this happens.
This medication may cause changes in your blood sugar. You should know the symptoms of low and high blood sugar and what to do if you have these symptoms. Metformin may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe, do not go away, go away and come back, or do not begin for some time after you begin taking metformin:
• diarrhea
• bloating
• stomach pain
• gas
• indigestion
• constipation
• unpleasant metallic taste in mouth
• heartburn
• headache
• flushing of the skin
• nail changes
• muscle pain
• chest pain
• rash
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https://www.drugmartdirect.com/drugs/prescription/diabetes/glumetza
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<urn:uuid:94f704bd-ab08-4718-ad61-76694665e902>
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Posted in: Clues
Swiss canton crossword clue
We found 1 possible answer matching your crossword clue: Swiss canton.This puzzle was last seen on August 18 2021 in the popular Eugene Sheffer Crossword puzzle. Please make sure the solution we have below matches the one you have in your game.
The possible answer is:
If you already solved the above crossword puzzle clue and want to go back to the main post then visit Eugene Sheffer Crossword August 18 2021 Answers
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https://www.eugenesheffer.com/swiss-canton-crossword-clue/
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dclm-gs1-269495422
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0.458063 |
<urn:uuid:cc8325c7-9f77-4f7d-8f02-f5ade7f9aab5>
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| 0.920055 |
How Do I Fry Chicken Without Oil?
Can you fry chicken without oil?
Though you could pan-fry chicken without oil, doing so would cause it to dry it out Instead, consider greasing your pan with a minimal amount of oil by rubbing it onto the bottom and sides with the help of a paper towel.
How do I pan fry chicken without oil?
Step 1: Add Water to Pan. Pan fry chicken breast with no oil by using water… Step 2: Add the Chicken. Add two chicken breasts, or however many will fit without piling them on top of one another, to the boiling water… Step 3: Season Your Dish… Step 4: Boil the Chicken… Step 5: Flip It Over… Step 6: Remove and Serve Hot.
Can I fry chicken in water?
Place the chicken in a well-greased skillet. Cook lightly on both sides. Cover the chicken completely with water. Wait until the water is completely gone and an orange crust forms over the chicken.
What happens if you fry without oil?
Absolutely! No oil is needed to make things crispy in the oven. Food will still brown and crisp up without it and you don’t even need oil to hold seasonings onto food. Take these oil free french fries for example.
Can you cook chicken in a non stick pan without oil?
You can do what is mistakenly called water frying, if you have a non stick pan. Put a small amount of water or broth in the pan (about 1/4 inch) and cook the chicken in that.
Can I use cooking spray to fry chicken?
Spraying the chicken with canola oil spray and cooking at a high temperature creates a crispy crust on the outside while the meat remains juicy This recipe is a keeper! I would recommend it to the lovers of the traditional fried chicken to give it a try, you will be pleasantly surprised.
Can I pan fry without oil?
It’s easy to cook without oil: you can pan fry with water or broth , you can use fruit purees when baking, can roast veggies on parchment paper, or whip up oil-free salad dressings.
How do you pan fry chicken breast without burning it?
Cover both halves with plastic wrap (or wax paper) and hit them with the flat side of a meat tenderizer (if you have one) or the bottom of a heavy skillet The goal isn’t to flatten the chicken breast. Simply pound each piece to an even thickness. This will allow each piece to cook evenly throughout on the inside.
Can you cook chicken without oil in the oven?
Chicken can be baked in the oven without using oil or butter Use juice, wine and/or chicken stock in the baking dish instead, to flavor and moisten the chicken. Use chicken with or without skin. However, skipping the skin can cut calories and fat from your meal.
Can I cook chicken with water instead of oil?
Cooking plain chicken in a frying pan You can cook chicken without oil or butter in a frying pan by adding some water to your pan , this process is called braising.
Can you fry egg with water?
You start by adding a small amount of oil to the skillet and cracking in the eggs, just like you normally would. Then, about 30 seconds in, you add hot water to the pan, basting the eggs until the whites are set and the yolks are still runny It creates tender, soft fried eggs with no overdone edges in sight.
How do I fry food with less oil?
Cooking tips: How to fry food using less oil Use minimal oil for sautéing… Use non-stick frying pans (Teflon coated) to minimise the amount of oil used. Use oil with a high smoking point for frying to delay decomposition… Use only that much oil that is sufficient to immerse the product while frying.
What can I use instead of oil?
The following may be substituted cup for cup for vegetable oil in baked goods: Applesauce, preferably unsweetened. Banana, ripe and mashed. Butter, melted. Cauliflower – unseasoned, cooked, and pureed. Ghee. Margarine, melted. Mayonnaise. Pumpkin, cooked and pureed.
Can I use melted butter instead of oil?
You can absolutely substitute butter for the vegetable oil Use the same quantity specified in the directions (for example, if it calls for 1/3 cup of oil, use 5 1/3 tablespoons of butter). Melt it down, then let it cool a bit. You might not ever go back to oil!.
What’s the healthiest way to cook chicken?
The healthiest way to cook chicken is to bake it in the oven or stir fry it with vegetables Put the parts in a baking pan, rub some olive oil on them, and surround them with plenty of garlic, lemon, carrots, or whatever you like. Bake at 350° until brown.
How long do chicken breasts take to cook on stove?
Cook two chicken breasts at a time because you don’t want to overcrowd your skillet. Cook chicken breasts for 5 to 7 minutes without moving them around. Flip the chicken breasts over. Add a tablespoon of butter to the skillet, and continue to cook for 7 more minutes, or until internal temperature reaches 165F.
How do you fry chicken breast in water?
Directions Salt and pepper the chicken. Place the chicken in a well-greased skillet. Cook lightly on both sides. Cover completely with water. Wait until the water is completely gone and an orange crust forms.
Can you fry chicken without eggs?
Chicken, salt and pepper, flour, and oil. That’s all you need. This is a very easy southern fried chicken recipe without eggs , without buttermilk, or any of that other stuff. This is the way all the home cooks I knew when I was growing up made fried chicken.
Can you fry with butter instead of oil?
When your favorite bottle of olive oil is down to the last drop, or your stir-fry dinner plan is thwarted when you discover you’re out of canola oil, butter is a natural substitute Butter is one of the easiest swaps for cooking oils that we know, and it brings tons of flavor to everything it touches.
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https://www.everyanswer.org/how-do-i-fry-chicken-without-oil/
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<urn:uuid:bb25abd6-7691-4774-bf00-7a414699c672>
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| 0.964187 |
Veterans on dangerous lifesaving mission in Ukraine
The Mozart Group was set up in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine and to counter the Wagner Group of mercenaries.
The leader of a group of veterans helping to evacuate Ukrainian civilians has told Forces News many are "not registering" what is happening around them as the war with Russia continues.
In eastern Ukraine, many of the towns and villages have been under relentless Russian shelling for months.
Remarkably, some civilians remain - with volunteers from the Mozart Group helping to extract them.
The group is made up of veterans from around the world, all volunteers, and led by American Colonel (Ret'd) Andrew Milburn, who fought in the Iraq war and led Special Operations missions against so-called Islamic State.
He founded the Mozart Group after Moscow's invasion to counter Russia's infamous Wagner Group, a mercenary group tied closely to Russia's military.
He told Forces News as the danger level increases, more Ukrainians have decided they want to leave, but a number of civilians are "living in shellshock" and "are just not registering what is going on".
"We see people try and continue with their lives," he said.
"A lady pruning her roses in the yard even when there is Russian artillery landing less than a block away.
"A man trying to start a leaf blower amidst the debris of his apartment block."
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https://www.forces.net/russia/veterans-dangerous-lifesaving-mission-ukraine
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<urn:uuid:0aba1d86-82e3-43f8-a2f1-3ff11915a4b2>
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| 0.943825 |
Sleep Recommendations By Age Group: Are You Getting Enough?
These AASM and SRS recommendations will suit most people. But as we’ve all surely experienced, there are all kinds of factors that influence how much sleep we might need on any given night.
And as Canadian researchers note in a 2018 paper on sleep duration, “there is no magic number or ideal amount of sleep to get each night that could apply broadly to all. The optimal amount of sleep should be individualized, as it depends on many factors.”
We all have that friend who’s fine with seven hours, and one who swears they need nine. It turns out that factors such as chronic illness, diet, and activity level, can all influence whether you need more or less sleep.
“What is most important is for each individual to get the amount of sleep they need,” naturopathic sleep doctor Catherine Darley N.D. tells mbg. “Sleep need is a bell curve.”
And while some of us will require less sleep than others, sleep deprivation is never a good thing. If you’re consistently getting less than seven hours of sleep, your body is likely suffering for it. There is also evidence that when it comes to sleep, consistency is key. Research shows people who get four hours of sleep or less on some nights and 10 hours or more on others experiences quicker mental decline than those who consistently get seven or more.
Source link
#Sleep #Recommendations #Age #Group
More Stories
Runner’s High Has This in Common With Orgasms and Weed
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Guys Explain Which Things They Really Enjoy That Are Considered 'For Girls Only'
janeb13 from Pixabay
Because that's how the generations before were also taught.
Well... the times they are a changing.
"Males of Reddit, what is something you like that is generally considered feminine or 'for girls' only?"
Bring it in bro
"Hugging your friends could be nice."
Dance Away
You Don't Bring Me Flowers...
"I've never understood why the only pretty, feminine delicate things men were supposed to like were women. Makes no sense. I'm not supposed to like flowers, but I'm supposed to like a woman that's pretty like a flower? What kind of sense does that make?"
No Shame
"Currently using my housemates 'glitter unicorn' shower foam and I unashamedly love the way it makes me smell every day."
Scent of a...
"I love lavender, vanilla, and baby powder scented things. I accidentally bought a baby powder version of my normal deodorant and loved it. I can't seem to find it anywhere these days though. It's funny to me how some scents are considered feminine."
"mandarin orange and mango"
"I accidentally bought women's shower gel once and now use nothing else. It just smells so much better."
"I shave my face with this stuff called 'Coochie Cream.' It's a brand of shave butter that, according to my ex-girlfriend, is very popular amongst strippers. I have to shave every other day and I swear by the stuff."
"I used that back when I was shaving my head, it works amazingly."
Everyone needs blankets...
"Crocheting. It's very relaxing and you create useful things. But almost every pattern I find is some kind of female clothing or accessory. There are pet toys but those are the only exceptions. Have you heard of The Crochet Dude?"
"Also afghans/blankets are a good way to go. They take quite a bit of time to make but are easy to make more masculine or unisex. Also amigurumi is pretty cool. I suppose stuffed critters can be considered "girly," but there is such a wide variety that it would be worth checking out if you haven't already!"
Fan the Flames...
My Locks
Thanks Babe
"My wife bought me flowers today. I love it."
"My wife has done this for me, and our son, multiple times. I like to hang and dry them after a few days, and keep them on display around the house."
"Women's deodorant. My pits smell like cucumber and lime. Strong enough for a man but made for a woman."
Oh man, women's shampoo, conditioner, and shower gel is the S**T. My hair has never felt sooo good since I started using ladies' shampoo and conditioner. And as for the shower gels. I smell like a goddamn unicorn and I freaking love it. Never going back to male shower products."
down the hatch
"Fruity cocktails."
"I went to the Tower of Americas in San Antonio for dinner with my gf and the waitress asked if we were old enough to drink. We told her that we wish and she said she could make the drinks without the alcohol. I immediately asked for a daiquiri and I noticed a guy at a nearby table looked at us with a confused look on his face. Yes I know it's just a strawberry smoothie at that point but f**k off it tasted great!"
Soft & Warm
"We just bought a house with a jacuzzi tub, and my husband uses it more than me. Bubbles too. He absolutely loves it."
bubble bath GIF by MuchGiphy
"I love to grocery shop (but not clothes shop), I love to search the circulars for the best deals, get my coupons and grocery lists ready, and I especially love to collect store branded shopping bags. I have quite the collection, and I love having my groceries bagged in them, it's almost a sense of pride that I shopped in this store for food. With grocery shopping I too love to cook and menu plan (although that's getting to become more of a gender neutral thing anymore)."
Less Callous
"Hand cream. Whenever there’s some in a bathroom I’m definitely going for that. Makes for soft awesome-smelling hands and finger joints that don’t look like tree bark."
"Don't know if this counts but I heard from somewhere that professional male fighters will often take up a soft hobby to compliment/counterweight all the hardcore rigor/mantra that is with fighting and war. My friend from middle school would take up Ballroom Dancing on his off days when he didn't have MMA practice."
“can I get your number?”
"Getting asked out."
"I relate to this. I’ve been asked for my number from women more times that I’ve asked for their numbers. I can count on one hand how many times I’ve said 'Can I get your number?' Usually they offer it to me or ask me for mines first. Even in high school I had one girl directly ask me to prom while we were in class, and another girl ask her friends to ask me to prom for her lol. I didn’t end up going to prom at all though because I didn’t want to."
"Raising my kids. I have the bulk of the home duties while my wife works full time. There’s still some stigma against stay at home dads. I don’t understand why I shouldn’t be active in raising them. I was active in making them!"
"Right there with ya. My business went under and I asked my wife if it’s cool if for a while if I just do this, and she’s down. I only have one to deal with but we go exploring different places every day! Otherwise she’d be at MIL’s watching TV all day long and not getting her naps."
Bedtime Pals
"I sleep with stuffed animals. I’m a grown man. I do not care."
Salesforce Happy Dance GIF by AppExchangeGiphy
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A truly stressful job can destroy your self-esteem and confidence. It's been said that people don't necessarily leave jobs, they leave management.
Indeed, bad management can leave you feeling unmoored and unsupported.
There has been a wider conversation about hostile work environments over the last couple of years now that the COVID-19 pandemic has afforded many people the opportunity to switch careers and/or call it quits with their awful jobs.
No job is worth your mental and physical health.
People shared their stories with us after Redditor yourmaeve asked the online community,
"Redditors who changed careers from a high paying but stressful job to a lower paying but low stress job, was it worth it, why or why not?"
Keep reading...Show less
People Share The Most Amazing Facts They Know About The Universe
Photo by NASA on Unsplash
There is so much we don't know about the universe.
So much, in fact, that everything there is to learn about the universe will probably never be discovered.
Mostly because the universe is constantly growing and evolving, leaving us with new things to learn about the universe literally every day.
Constantly filling our minds with uncertainty, sometimes fear, about the otherwise vast unknown.
All of this makes all facts we've discovered about the universe all the more fascinating, whether or not we have even the slightest interest in science.
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Monogamous People Explain Whether Infidelity Would Result In An Instant Breakup
Photo by Ralph Labay on Unsplash
Romantic relationships have evolved considerably over the course of time.
Today, more and more couples who are otherwise committed to one another, in marriage or in word, have "open" relationships, where they are permitted to see other people on the side.
Also, many people are open about being in polyamorous relationships, where they might be equally committed and loving to more than one person.
Which isn't to say, however, that monogamous relationships are a thing of the past.
As many people continue to commit, body and soul, to one person and one person only.
And should one half of that couple break that commitment, it could be the effective end of that relationship.
Keep reading...Show less
The mark of a good piece of fiction is when one feels as if they actually know the characters.
Be it a film, television series or novel, there are some beloved characters we wish were actually our friends in real life, or whom we feel as if we've actually known all our lives.
As a result, when one of these characters dies, we sometimes feel as if we've actually lost a loved one.
Sometimes finding ourselves in a state of literal grieving.
Keep reading...Show less
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https://www.georgetakei.com/guys-enjoy-for-girls-only-2650600576.html
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dclm-gs1-269645422
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0.030176 |
<urn:uuid:9f35c8ce-006c-4354-ae54-40d7b6222eaa>
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en
| 0.831354 |
Receiver: Ravenna 1 (VHF/UHF)
Please log in to use this receiver:
Lost Password | Create account
Receiver image
▃▅▇█▓▒░ Welcome to Ravenna 1 ░▒▓█▇▅▃
=> Per una migliore ricezione si consiglia di lasciare RF GAIN su Auto, regolare lo SQUELCH e mantenere AGC attivo <=
=> For optimal reception keep RF GAIN on Auto, the SQUELCH just above the noise threshold and AGC active <=
This receiver is free to tune for anyone, some frequency is blocked*, it has a tuner chip R820T with range 24-1766 MHz.
BANDGUIDES are specifically selected for the location and meant to guide you in listening.
When you connect to this node and find another user already connected, ask in the local chat before tuning. If you don't get any answer within 2 minutes, you are free to tune.
Who tunes assumes responsibility for the tuned frequency.
Discone Diamond D3000N 25-3000MHz, 15m agl.
VHF Notch filter: 88-108MHz (
Pre-Amplifier: 10bB | 50-790MHz
Receiver: RTL2832 SDR (R820T)
Raspberry Pi 4 model B 8GB RAM (1.5GHz quad-core ARMv8 CPU)
I sometimes operate a transmitter in close proximity to this receiver. During these periods the receiver will be unusable or offline.
Enjoy listening!
73 de IZ4YGS Matteo
*The following frequencies are blocked:
- Military
- Law enforcement & security services
- FM broadcasting (filtered by notch)
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https://www.globaltuners.com/receiver/1948/
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dclm-gs1-269675422
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<urn:uuid:f1399c0d-44cb-4792-8a57-86b31243ad6f>
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Top 10 best brain foods for students
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Spring is the perfect time to think about your health. Avitaminosis is a problem for so many people. By the way, if you’re a student you have so much to do in Spring: researches, homework, different assignments. You may have no time to think about your well-being. It’s important to ask for help. For example, write my essay online service will help you to delegate some of your tasks. Instead, you will have some time to think about your diet. We offer you 5 foods that are good for brain function and improve memory.
For the body to get all the nutrients it needs, you need to eat well. We offer you a selection of foods that are good for health in general and for brain function in particular.
1. Broccoli
Broccoli, a member of the cabbage family, is an ideal food: it comprises 90 per cent water, it is packed full of vitamins and minerals and on top of that it contains very few calories. Broccoli is another free-radical fighting food, protecting cells in the brain and body from oxidative damage. The dark green color manages to disguise the presence of deep orange beta-carotene, but it is in fact the orange color that makes broccoli dark rather than light green.
In addition to providing a generous supply of flavonoids, broccoli is a rich source of iron, calcium, potassium and vitamin C. A cup of cooked broccoli contains more vitamin C than two oranges. But vitamin C is particularly vulnerable during storage and cooking, so it is best to buy only as much broccoli as you can use immediately or the nutrient levels will decline. When buying broccoli, choose the darkest, greenest stalks on display and cook them only lightly to preserve the precious vitamins in this vegetable.
Cabbage, and almost any type of cabbage, is good for your overall health. Broccoli is a product high in vitamin K, which is good for brain function. If you don’t eat dishes with broccoli often, it’s time to remedy that.
We suggest you make a very tasty and healthy broccoli sprouts soup with Ayran. For this, you will need boiled broccoli sprouts, some dill and green onions, and Ayran. Grind the ingredients in a blender and pour the Аyran – the soup is ready!
2. Red pepper
The red pepper is a ripened version of the green variety and the extra time allowed for maturing increases the overall nutrient content. Both red and green peppers are rich in the protective antioxidant nutrients vitamin C and beta-carotene, which is a vitamin A precursor, However, the red pepper has 20 per cent more vitamin C than the green one and 15 times more beta-carotene. The rich red colur of a red pepper is proof of its high levels of beta-carotene.
Good-quality peppers are fresh, firm and bright in appearance and have a thick flesh. Avoid peppers that are shriveled, soft or dull in appearance as this 40 food for thought is an indication that they may have lost much of their vitamin C. Peppers also contain sodium and potassium, minerals that facilitate the transmission of nerve messages.
3. Onion
Onions are one of the earliest known foods to be used as a medicine for colds and were in fact thought to be invested with supernatural powers in Ancient Egypt. Their straw-yellow colour comes from the group of flavonoids called anthoxanthins, which boost the immune system and protect vulnerable brain and nerve cells from free-radical damage. The odour of onions is caused by a sulphur containing oily vapour, which escapes into the air when the onion is cut or peeled. When this volatile oil is inhaled it can cause eyes to sting and water. But the sulphur in onions helps the body to get rid of toxins that can cause cloudy and fuzzy thinking. Onions also stimulate the amino acid activity in the brain and nervous system by helping in the conversion of amino acids to neurotransmitters.
4. Beetroot
Beetroot is a bonus brain food because it contains so many important brain nutrients. To produce energy the brain needs carbohydrates plus oxygen. Beetroots are rich in readily usable carbohydrates, and they provide a source of iron (especially useful for vegetarians), which helps blood to carry oxygen to the brain.
The rich purple color of beetroot is caused by the presence of anthocyanidins. These protect delicate brain cell membranes, making them more receptive to neurotransmitter messages. Beetroots are also rich in the minerals sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus, important for good mental health, which all work together to produce and transmit neuro-messages.
Fresh and cooked beetroot contain most of the important nutrients; avoid pickled varieties, which are lower in minerals. When choosing fresh beetroot, look for plump roots that are smooth and firm and avoid those that show any signs of decay.
5. Tomatoes
The bright red color of tomatoes is supplied by a phytochemical called lycopene, which is in the same family of carotenoids as the orange colored beta-carotene in carrots. Lycopene acts as a powerful antioxidant in protecting the brain and nervous system. Tomatoes contain a wide range of minerals and B vitamins, which help power the brain and produce neuro-messengers.
Tomatoes should only be picked when they are ripe and eaten soon after. Unfortunately, today many producers pick the tomatoes when they are too green and then allow them to ripen on their way to the markets. If the seeds or the internal part of the tomato are still green while the outside is red, this is an indication that the fruit has been picked too early. It is best to use the freshest, smallest and reddest tomatoes available as these will be richest in lycopene and vitamin C. However, when fresh tomatoes are not available, canned tomatoes provide suitable backup. They still retain two-thirds of the vitamin C content and one-third of the carotenoid of fresh tomatoes.
6. Beans
Beans are a valuable source of protein, especially for vegetarians. However, because they are moderately low in some of the amino acids, they cannot be considered a ‘complete’ protein like meat or cheese. However, brown rice, millet pasta or couscous can be used to complement beans to create a nutritious meat substitute. Beans also supply the synergistic minerals, including magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc and manganese, needed to work with the amino acids for constructing the brain’s messengers. The rich supply of carbohydrates in beans fuels the brain with the energy to make the whole system work. Note: It is not safe to eat raw or undercooked kidney and soya beans. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions regarding cooking.
7. Fatty fish
It is not a secret that fatty fish (such as mackerel, salmon, sardine, tuna) is good for your health because it contains a lot of vitamins and useful microelements, including polyunsaturated fatty acids. The latter is necessary and useful for brain function. Also, fish contains a lot of protein – and this is the main food for the brain, especially when you’re writing a 500 word essay.
8. Blueberries
Blueberries contain vitamins, useful trace elements, as well as antioxidants necessary for brain function and good memory. Blueberries, of course, can and should be eaten in the summer, and you can also eat blueberries frozen – they contain no less useful substances than fresh ones.
You can prepare a blueberry-cotton smoothie. For this purpose, take 1 cup of berries, 100 grams of cottage cheese, a few tablespoons of sour cream, and a few teaspoons of sugar – and grind it in a blender. Very simple and delicious!
9. Whole-wheat bread
Those who watch their diet most likely have long appreciated the health benefits and taste of whole-grain bread. Such bread is a source of “slow” carbohydrates, which supply the brain with energy. Brown rice, unprocessed grains, and whole-grain pasta are also helpful.
10. Cocoa and dark chocolate
Cocoa beans contain flavonoids (natural antioxidants), which are good for blood circulation and brain function. Also, small amounts of cocoa and chocolate help improve mood. Note: This only applies to dark chocolate containing cocoa, since white chocolate does not contain cocoa.
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https://www.healthbenefitstimes.com/top-10-best-brain-foods-for-students/
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<urn:uuid:98bd927f-0480-411c-aba1-c8fc3a2d30f4>
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Carita Lindstedt-Kareksela is the new associate professor in forest entomology
Carita assumed her position at the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry in autumn 2021. Besides research, she has a keen interest in science education.
Carita will also continue as an academy research fellow until 2025.
What is your field of research?
In my research, I am interested in nature’s complexity and how organisms evolve under multiple selection pressures. For example, I study how social factors such as living in a group or engaging in cooperation, ecological factors such as host plant quality, predation or parasitism, and abiotic factors such as temperature shape the evolution of forest pest insects. I am also interested in chemical and visual communication.
I have worked with different types of insect model systems such as butterflies, moths and carrion feeding beetles, but my current study systems are socially behaving pine sawflies. I do experimental research, and I collaborate with geneticists and theoreticians to understand how genetic structure changes in different stages of an outbreak and how this ecological and genetic information could be used to predict outbreak risks and dispersal in a changing environment.
Why is your research important?
My research will increase our basic understanding of how insects can adapt to changes in their environment. This kind of data on economically important forest pest species is largely missing but is very much needed to make more accurate predictions of how organisms can adapt to human-induced, rapid environmental changes, and to successfully minimise biodiversity losses and protect ecosystem services.
What in your field of research especially inspires you right now?
I am currently inspired by how social behaviour promotes organisms’ ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions. The importance of the social environment has been acknowledged in animal and plant breeding programmes. For example, studies on carrion feeding beetles suggest that the social environment can influence the pace of evolution in adapting to changes in the environment. Currently, interesting research is going on both in Finland and abroad about the significance of social information use in insects such as bumblebees or bees. However, the role of sociality and its link to fitness and population density cycles in forest insects have received little attention, even though many of the world's most economically important crop and forest pest insects are social.
Tell us a bit more about yourself
I am very motivated to work with science communication and outreach. I am currently a leader of the ‘Evolution in action’ project funded by the Kone Foundation. We organise workshops at schools and science venues as well as produce openly available teaching material about biological interactions and how they shape an organism’s evolution. We combine both science- and art-based methods in our teaching materials. We also offer short courses for teachers about evolution and biological interactions. In 2021 I was also leading a pilot project of ‘Science testers’ in Central Finland, in which approximately 1000 6th grade school kids participated in different types of science workshops run by the researchers. This project was funded by the Finnish Cultural Society and organised in collaboration with the University of Turku, the University of Jyväskylä and the Finnish Cultural Society. Active science communication by researchers encourages a participatory society for citizens and demonstrates how scientific information is produced and is therefore very important.
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https://www.helsinki.fi/en/faculty-agriculture-and-forestry/news/carita-lindstedt-kareksela-new-associate-professor-forest-entomology
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<urn:uuid:bb0a9162-d469-48dc-9280-aa5deb249787>
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Background and Objective. Progressive pulmonary fibrosis is the main cause of death in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and in those with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and NADPH oxidase- (NOX-) derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are drivers of lung fibrosis. We aimed to determine the role of the epigenetic readers, bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins in the regulation of redox balance in activated myofibroblasts. Methods. In TGF-β-stimulated fibroblasts, we investigated the effect of the BET inhibitor JQ1 on the mRNA expression of the prooxidant gene NOX4 and the antioxidant gene superoxide dismutase (SOD2) by quantitative RT-PCR, the antioxidant transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity by a reporter assay, and intracellular ROS levels by dichlorofluorescein staining. Myofibroblast activation was determined by α-smooth muscle actin immunocytochemistry. The role of specific BET protein isoforms in NOX4 gene regulation was studied by siRNA silencing and chromatin-immunoprecipitation. Results and Conclusions. Affymetrix gene array analysis revealed increased NOX4 and reduced SOD2 expression in SSc and IPF fibroblasts. SOD2 silencing in non-ILD control fibroblasts induced a profibrotic phenotype. TGF-β increased NOX4 and inhibited SOD2 expression, while increasing ROS production and myofibroblast differentiation. JQ1 reversed the TGF-β-mediated NOX4/SOD2 imbalance and Nrf2 inactivation and attenuated ROS production and myofibroblast differentiation. The BET proteins Brd3 and Brd4 were shown to bind to the NOX4 promoter and drive TGF-β-induced NOX4 expression. Our data indicate a critical role of BET proteins in promoting redox imbalance and pulmonary myofibroblast activation and support BET bromodomain inhibitors as a potential therapy for fibrotic lung disease.
1. Introduction
Approximately two-thirds of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) develop some degree of interstitial lung disease (ILD) [1]. Pulmonary fibrosis, together with pulmonary hypertension, is the leading cause of death in SSc patients [2]. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and inevitably fatal interstitial lung disease with a median survival since diagnosis of 3-5 years [3]. Both diseases are characterised by accumulation of extracellular matrix by an expanding population of myofibroblasts that show enhanced proliferation, migration, and resistance to apoptosis [4, 5].
Persistent TGF-β signaling is central in driving the myofibroblast phenotype in pulmonary fibrosis [6, 7]. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key mediators of TGF-β signaling in pulmonary fibroblasts [8, 9]. Intracellular ROS drive myofibroblast differentiation, and inhibiting ROS production ameliorates lung injury in bleomycin-treated mice [10, 11]. Increased levels of ROS [12, 13] and oxidative DNA damage [14] are observed in patients with SSc, and biomarkers of oxidative stress are elevated in IPF [15, 16], some of which negatively correlate with lung function [17, 18].
The prooxidant enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX-4) and the antioxidant enzyme Mn-superoxide dismutase (MnSOD or SOD2) are central to intracellular ROS regulation. NOX4 reduces O2 into superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) [19]. NOX4 plays a critical role in TGF-β-induced ROS production, fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation, and pulmonary fibrosis [20, 21]. SOD2 converts to H2O2 in the mitochondria and is an important antioxidant during oxidative stress [22]. The role of SOD2 in myofibroblast differentiation and in pulmonary fibrosis is unknown.
Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins have emerged as promising therapeutic targets for cancer [23], obesity, inflammation [23], and fibrosis [24, 25]. BET proteins (Brd2, Brd3, Brd4, and BrdT) are epigenetic readers, which bind to acetylated lysine residues on histone and nonhistone proteins via conserved bromodomains and regulate gene expression by recruiting transcriptional activators or repressors [23]. JQ1 is a small molecule inhibitor that inhibits the binding of BET protein bromodomains to acetylated lysines [23]. Recently, BET protein inhibition was shown to reduce lung myofibroblast activation and to have antifibrotic effects in an in vivo model of acute lung injury [24, 25]. However, the role of BET proteins in the regulation of intracellular redox state, in the context of lung fibrosis, has not been addressed.
We hypothesised that BET proteins drive redox imbalance and increased ROS production, contributing to myofibroblast differentiation. We therefore investigated the effect of JQ1 on redox balance, in TGF-β-stimulated pulmonary fibroblasts, by determining the expression of NOX4 and SOD2, the expression and activity of the antioxidant transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and intracellular ROS levels. The effect of JQ1 on the myofibroblast phenotype was studied by determining αSMA expression and myofibroblast contraction and proliferation. The role of specific BET protein isoforms in NOX4 gene expression was determined using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and siRNA knock-down.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents
JQ1(+) and its inactive enantiomer JQ1(-) were purchased from Cayman (Cambridge, UK), and TGF-β1 was purchased from R&D systems (Minneapolis, MN).
2.2. Fibroblast Cultures
Primary adult pulmonary fibroblasts were obtained from surgical lung resection samples from non-ILD donors (histologically normal periphery of resected lung cancer) and maintained as previously described [26, 27]. All tissue was obtained with appropriate consent and its use approved by the Ethics Committee of the Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Trust. Subject details, fibroblast cultures, and experimental conditions used in the microarray study, from which data for Table 2 and Figure 1(a) were extracted, have been described previously [27]. Cells were plated for experiments at a density of 7000 cells/cm2 and were at ~90% confluence at the start of the experiment. For the proliferation assay, cells were stimulated at ~50% confluence.
2.3. RT-qPCR
Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was determined using RT-qPCR as previously described [27, 28]. PCR primer details are provided in Table 1.
2.4. siRNA Silencing
Cells were transfected with 3 nM Silencer® Select negative control #1 siRNA or SOD2, Brd3, and Brd4 specific Silencer® Select siRNA (Ambion, Foster City, CA) for 72 h using Lipofectamine® RNAiMAX (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
2.5. Western Blot Analysis
Whole cell extracts were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane as previously described [28]. Proteins were detected using anti-SOD2 (Sigma-Aldrich, HPA001814; diluted 1:1000), anti-α-Smooth Muscle Actin (Sigma-Aldrich, A2547; diluted 1:1000), anti-beta Actin (Abcam, Cambridge, UK, ab8227), and mouse anti-GAPDH (Abcam, ab9484; diluted 1:2000) antibodies. Band intensities were quantified using ImageJ [29].
2.6. Proliferation Assay
Proliferation was assessed by measuring BrdU incorporation using the Cell Proliferation ELISA (Roche) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
2.7. Immunocytochemistry
Analysis was performed in 8-well chamber slides as previously described [28]. The primary antibody used was mouse anti-α-Smooth Muscle Actin (Sigma-Aldrich, A2547), used at a dilution of 1:100.
2.8. Collagen Contraction Assay
Collagen matrices were prepared as previously described [18], with some modifications. Briefly, fibroblasts (100,000/well) mixed with neutralised collagen (1.2mg/ml, Invitrogen) supplemented with 2.5μM Mitomycin C (Sigma-Aldrich), 500 nM JQ1(-) or 500 nM JQ1(-), were cast into 24-well plates and allowed to polymerise for 1 h. Additional media (1mL/well) at indicated conditions were added, and the plates were incubated at 37°C. After 60 mins, 1 ng/ml TGF-β1 was added to some of the wells, as indicated, and the plates were incubated for further 24 h. The gels were released and allowed to contract for 4 h before fixing in 4% paraformaldehyde. The gel surface area was measured using ImageJ [29].
2.9. Determination of Intracellular ROS Levels
Intracellular ROS levels were determined by staining cells with the redox-sensitive fluorescent probe 6-carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (carboxy-H2DCFDA; Invitrogen) at 5μM for 30 mins and measuring fluorescence using flow cytometry.
2.10. Promoter Reporter Assay
Nrf2 transcriptional activity was assessed using the Cignal Antioxidant Response Element (ARE) reporter assay (Qiagen, Crawley, UK) as described [28], with luminescence detected using the Dual-Luciferase® Reporter Assay System (Promega, Southampton, UK).
2.11. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were performed using the Magna ChIP A/G kit (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA) and 4 μg of rabbit anti-Brd2 (A302-582A), anti-Brd3 (A302-368A), anti-Brd4 (A301-985A) (Bethyl Laboratories, Cambridge, UK), or Rabbit IgG control antibodies (Millipore, 12-370) as described previously [28]. DNA association was quantified by RT-qPCR (ΔΔ-Ct method) using the following primers: NOX4 forward, 5′-GCTTTAGTTTGGGAGTGGGA-3′, and reverse, 5′-GAAATTTGAGCCGGAAACAG-3′ [30]. DNA used was normalised to input DNA for each sample.
2.12. Statistical Analysis
Data are expressed as mean ± SEM or mean ± SD as indicated. Differences between groups were determined using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Dunnet’s post hoc test. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical analysis was performed only in experiments performed on at least three individual cell lines (biological replicates).
3. Results
3.1. Dysregulation of NOX4 and SOD2 Gene Expression in Fibroblasts from Fibrotic Lung
In a previous microarray study, we reported increased NOX4 mRNA expression in pulmonary fibroblasts from patients with SSc-ILD (16.9-fold) and IPF (26.4-fold). Here, we reassessed redox gene expression specifically and found that SOD2 mRNA expression was markedly suppressed in both SSc-ILD (7.0-fold) and IPF (73.2-fold) fibroblasts, compared with non-ILD controls (Table 2, data extracted from [27]). The clinical characteristics of the subjects that donated fibroblasts used for microarray analysis were published previously [27].
3.2. SOD2 Knock-Down Increases αSMA Expression and Inhibits Lung Fibroblast Proliferation
We confirmed the reduction of SOD2 mRNA in fibrotic fibroblasts by RT-qPCR (Figure 1(a), gray bars) and compared it with that seen by microarray (Figure 1(a), black bars). Knock-down (KD) of SOD2 expression with siRNA in lung fibroblasts attenuated SOD2 mRNA levels by approximately 75% (Figure 1(b)), with a corresponding reduction in SOD2 protein levels (Figure 1(b), inset). SOD2 KD also led to an increasing trend in ACTA2 mRNA expression (Figure 1(c)) and cell proliferation (Figure 1(d)).
3.3. JQ1 Inhibits TGF-β-Mediated αSMA Fibre Formation, Contractility, and Proliferation of Lung Fibroblasts
TGF-β stimulation of non-ILD control lung fibroblasts for 48 h induced the formation of αSMA-containing stress fibres (Figure 2(a)). Pretreatment with JQ1(+) (500nM) attenuated basal and TGF-β-induced αSMA fibre formation. Importantly, established myofibroblast differentiation induced by 48 h TGFβ stimulation (Figure 2(b), image B) was reversed by treatment with JQ1(+) (Figure 2(b), image D) but not by JQ1(-) (Figure 2(b), image C) for further 48 h.
As a functional readout of stress fibre content, we studied the effects of JQ1 on collagen gel contractility. JQ1(+) reduced both baseline and TGF-β-mediated gel contraction, as assessed by increased gel disc area (Figure 2(c)). JQ1(+) also inhibited proliferation induced by fetal bovine serum (FBS; 3%) (Figure 2(d)).
3.4. JQ1 Reduces αSMA Expression and Inhibits β-Actin Intracellular Distribution
TGF-β enhanced both cytosolic and cytoskeletal αSMA protein expression (Figure 3(a), top panel) and caused an approximately 4-fold (p<0.01) shift in αSMA incorporation from globular cytosolic (G-actin) into fibrous cytoskeletal actin (F-actin) (Figure 3(a), graph). JQ1(+) markedly reduced αSMA protein expression in both fractions; however, it did not affect TGF-β-induced αSMA incorporation into fibres. Total β-actin protein expression was not significantly altered by either TGF-β or JQ1(+) (Figure 3(b)). However, the TGF-β-induced redistribution of β-actin from G-actin into F-actin was completely inhibited by JQ1(+) (p<0.05).
3.5. JQ1 Reverses the TGFβ-Induced Imbalance in NOX4 and SOD2 Expression and Reduces Intracellular ROS Levels and ACTA2 Expression
JQ1(+) led to a reduction in NOX4 and ACTA2 mRNA compared to JQ1(-) after 24 h in non-ILD control pulmonary fibroblasts but did not reach statistical significance. In contrast, the expression of SOD2 mRNA was significantly increased (1.45-fold, p<0.001) (Figure 4(a)). TGF-β increased NOX4 (76-fold, p<0.01) and ACTA2 (14-fold, p<0.001) mRNA levels, while SOD2 mRNA levels were significantly reduced (0.24-fold, p<0.001). JQ1(+) significantly attenuated TGF-β-induced NOX4 (0.09-fold, p<0.05) and ACTA2 (0.31-fold, p<0.001) expression and partially reversed the inhibition of SOD2 mRNA levels by TGF-β (2.9-fold, p<0.01) (Figure 4(a)). In line with these findings, JQ1(+) significantly suppressed baseline (0.51-fold, p<0.01) and TGF-β-induced (0.53-fold, p<0.01) intracellular ROS in pulmonary fibroblasts (Figure 4(b)) There was no effect of JQ1(-) on ROS levels.
3.6. JQ1 Increases Nrf2 Activity
We have previously shown that BET proteins suppress Nrf2-mediated antioxidant gene transcription in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) [28]. In the current study, JQ1(+) treatment of non-ILD lung fibroblasts led to an increasing trend in Antioxidant Response Element (ARE) promoter-driven gene transcription (Figure 5(a)) and a statistically significant increase in NRF2 mRNA both in absence and presence of TGF-β (Figure 5(b)), while JQ1(-) had no effect. JQ1(+) did not affect the mRNA expression of Keap1, the cytoplasmic inhibitor of Nrf2 (Figure 5(b)).
3.7. Brd3 and Brd4 Are Enriched at the NOX4 Promoter and Required for TGFβ-Induced Gene Transcription
ChIP assays in non-ILD fibroblasts from two subjects in two independent experiments demonstrated that Brd3 and Brd4, but not Brd2, bind to the NOX4 promoter (Figure 6(a)). Furthermore, Brd3 or Brd4 siRNA knock-down, which efficiently reduced Brd3 and Brd4 mRNA, respectively, led to inhibition of TGF-β-induced NOX4 mRNA expression, suggesting a role of both these proteins in driving NOX4 gene expression (Figure 6(b)).
4. Discussion
We show that the small molecule BET protein inhibitor JQ1 reduces basal and TGF-β-induced NOX4 expression and ROS production. JQ1 also increases the expression of the antioxidant gene SOD2 and the activity of the cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2 and prevents the inhibition of SOD2 expression by TGF-β. At the same time, JQ1 prevents and reverses TGF-β-mediated myofibroblast differentiation. The suppressive effect of BET protein inhibition on myofibroblast differentiation may be mediated, at least partly, through restoring redox balance via SOD2 regulation, as SOD2 depletion was found to increase αSMA expression and fibroblast proliferation.
The important role of oxidative stress in pulmonary fibrosis has directed therapeutic efforts towards inhibiting ROS generation and enhancing antioxidant capacity [31]. Several therapies involving antioxidant compounds, such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC), have been tested and while promising in preclinical models have ultimately lacked clinical efficacy. Targeting a primary source of intracellular ROS by inhibiting NOX4 activity has lately been a strong focus in antifibrotic drug development. However, there are currently no clinically available, selective NOX4 inhibitors [31].
NOX4 overexpression has been shown to be fundamental in maintaining a myofibroblast phenotype [20]. Here we demonstrate that BET proteins, and specifically Brd3 and Brd4, drive NOX4 expression in pulmonary fibroblasts. Our findings are in line with recent evidence demonstrating a role of Brd4 in TGF-β-induced NOX4 expression in skin and renal fibroblasts [32, 33]. Inhibition of NOX4 expression by JQ1 was accompanied by a reduction in ROS levels, ACTA2 gene expression, stress fibre formation, myofibroblast contraction, and proliferation. NOX4 is one of the early key genes involved in the initiation of a TGF-β-stimulated fibrotic response [8, 20]. Therefore, the antifibrotic effects of JQ1 may be mediated, at least partly, through inhibition of NOX4 expression. Importantly, our finding that Brd3 and Brd4, but not Brd2, are involved in NOX4 regulation by TGF-β suggests that a degree of selectivity may be possible when considering BET inhibitors as possible therapeutic agents in pulmonary fibrosis. However, a study by Tang et al., also performed in human lung fibroblasts, reported that Brd2 and Brd4, but not Brd3, mediate TGF-β-mediated α-SMA expression and myofibroblast activation [24]. This apparent disparity is hard to explain at this point; however, it could suggest that the specificity of BET protein isoforms recruitment to specific gene promoters may be context-specific and dependent on timing and culture conditions. In addition, detailed studies elucidating the roles of specific BET proteins are technically challenging and were relatively limited in both these studies. For example, Tang et al. focused only on Brd4 to show direct binding to promoters of fibrosis-related genes, αSMA (ACTA2), IL6, and PAI-1 (SERPINE1), whereas our study investigated binding of all three BET protein isoforms on the NOX4 promoter. More in-depth investigations will be necessary to delineate the roles of specific BET proteins in progressive fibrosis with a view to targeting them for treatment.
TGF-β-mediated upregulation of NOX4 was accompanied by a reduction in SOD2 expression, in line with our previous findings in ASMC [34]. Attenuated SOD2 expression may contribute to the profibrotic effect of TGF-β, as we show here that knock-down of SOD2 expression results in increased ACTA2 expression and fibroblast proliferation. Reduced SOD2 expression in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has been associated with a phenotype of increased proliferation and lower apoptosis [22]. Downregulation of SOD2 has also been shown to mediate TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a profibrotic mechanism, in renal epithelial cells [35]. These findings suggest that the antifibrotic effect of JQ1 may, at least partly, occur through the upregulation of SOD2.
We observed that, during the TGF-β-induced fibrotic state, there was a trend towards reduced expression and activity of Nrf2, a key mediator of cellular antioxidant protection [36]. Furthermore, on reexamination of our previous microarray data, we found that the Nrf2 expression was significantly lower in pulmonary fibroblasts from IPF (fold change -1.77, p=0.0096) and from SSc-ILD (fold change -1.52, p=0.02) lung compared with non-ILD control lung [27]. Reduced Nrf2 gene expression has been reported previously in IPF pulmonary fibroblasts compared to controls, and Nrf2 knock-down has been shown to induce oxidative stress and myofibroblast differentiation [37]. JQ1 increased Nrf2 expression and activity in both absence and presence of TGF-β, indicating that BET protein inhibition can increase antioxidant protection in activated fibroblasts. Our data are consistent with previous findings by our group showing that BET proteins interact with Nrf2 and inhibit ARE-dependent antioxidant gene transcription in ASMC [28]. Studies in WI-38 cells have also reported that BRD4 knock-down leads to increased Nrf2 nuclear accumulation and activity under oxidative stress [38]. A more in-depth investigation, including a study of the interaction of Keap1 with actin fibres, known to be essential for Nrf2 inactivation, is required to better understand the regulation of Nrf2 activity by BET proteins in pulmonary fibroblasts [39].
Our data highlight an important new molecular mechanism regulating redox balance and myofibroblastic differentiation. Future studies will need to confirm this mechanism in fibroblasts from patients with pulmonary fibrosis and in animal models of pulmonary fibrosis to firmly establish a role of BET proteins in regulating redox gene expression and ROS levels during fibrosis.
In summary, our data suggest that BET protein inhibition restores redox balance through its effects on NOX4/SOD2 expression and Nrf2 activity, leading to the reprogramming/dedifferentiation of myofibroblasts. Our findings highlight BET protein inhibitors as potential antifibrotic therapeutic agents. Studies are now urgently needed to assess the suitability of these compounds for pulmonary fibrosis.
Data Availability
All the data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
The research reported in this publication was funded by Raynaud’s and Scleroderma Association (RSA) and the Scleroderma Society, by the Dunhill Medical Trust, and by the British Lung Foundation (RG14-10). Charalambos Michaeloudes is supported by the Dunhill Medical Trust (R368/0714). Sharon Mumby is supported by a British Heart Foundation grant (PG/14/27/30679). Ian M. Adcock and Kian Fan Chung are supported by the MRC-ABPI COPD-MAP consortium (G1001367/1). Andrew L. Durham is supported by a grant from the British Lung Foundation. The work was supported by the NIHR Respiratory Disease Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London.
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What Is My IP: 🇺🇸 🇮🇹
The public IP address is located in Arezzo, Tuscany, Italy. It is assigned to the ISP Aruba S.p.A.. The address belongs to ASN 31034 which is delegated to Aruba S.p.A.
Reverse IP (PTR)websn2s023.aruba.it
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Women's Suffrage In The 18th Century
Better Essays
At the beginning of 18th century, women and men were unequal. Women had no right to vote and no right to speak in public. In the family, women needed to listen to men, do the housework and take care of the children. They had longer working hours in poorer conditions than men. Women were live in suffrage and they had no position in the society. As Karen Morley said, “ I spoke out on women’s rights, like equal pay for equal work.” ("Karen Morley Quote.") Women started publishing books about women rights, hoped to change the rule, gain right, from government and become equal to men. During 1832 William Lloyd Garrison, the American abolitionist, created an organization that focused on abolition and encouraged women attending Anti-Slavery Society.…show more content…
However, the 15th amendment did not give women the ballot. At this time period, Stanton and Anthony, a leader proponent of women suffrage, formed the National American Woman Suffrage Association to help secure the ballot form state legislation. Paul who organized the National Woman’s Party to hunger workers strikes. After these movements, women finally gain right to vote. The 19th Amendment granted the ballot to American women. People start pay more attention to women, they have right to speak in public. This allowed women to be more independent; women can work and do the same vague as men…show more content…
She was a feminist formed the term “birth control.” This is the devise help to prevent the pregnant. She try to promote the women’s rights and hope women to protect their own body and decided to give a birth control. Birth control changed a lot of women because they can consider weather they want a child or not. Sanger later founded the American Birth Control League. It later became the International Planned Parenthood Federation. This nation promotes women rights and gradually gets the equal rights with men. Women can be able to divorce with men and got a second marriage. Many women wrote the letter to Sanger and discuss about how to prevent the pregnancies. This message shows the women in 1920s changed a lot and learned to protect
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Well-wishers donate more than £10,000 to restaurant badly damaged in car crash
Car careers through window Credit: @zuccomeanwood
Bosses of a family-run Italian restaurant which has been left a partial ruin by a car which careered through its front window say they're overwhelmed by the generosity of well wishers.
Regulars, locals and even strangers have donated more than £10,000 to help staff and the owners of the Zucco restaurant in Leeds which now faces weeks of closure and repairs just six days after it reopened from lockdown.
Wrecked interior of Zucco restaurant
The restaurant had just enjoyed one of its busiest weeks ever with the easing of lockdown. General manager Matteo Leggiero describes what happened on the night .... and what effect it has had on the business.
Police are appealing for witnesses and for any dashcam footage which could shed light on the chain of events leading up to what happened.
The driver was taken to hospital as a precaution but it's understood has been discharged. Police say the investigation goes on.
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What is Low Stress Training?
When Should LST be applied? How many LST training methods are there? Does LST make marijuana plants grow better?
There are different definitions of LST depending on where you look. A general definition for low stress training is where a cannabis plant is manipulated or changed to have more bud sights and a flat canopy usually done by tying down stems or the stalk to the side of the bucket. This ensures all bud sights have access to the same amount of light.Using LST makes all of the branches equal in height so all of the top buds receive the same amount of light and nutrients.
As the name suggests this puts stress on your plants although considerably less than super cropping. Slight stress helps cannabis grow better and more efficiently, heavy stress can work against your cannabis plant and cause slow growth.
When to Start Low Stress Training
Low stress training can be started at any point during the vegetative cycle. The later you start, the less dramatic of an impact you can make. After several weeks in the plant's life cycle is a safe time to start LST. You can do it sooner with greater risk and stress to the plant.
LST Training methods
Perhaps the most basic and well known method is where you tie your plant to the side of the pot and slowly pull more of the plant down as it grows. This keeps your plant the height that you want and keeps good support around the stalk. Like all LST methods as new growth appears you will have to bend it down and remove anything blocking light. Cloth pots or pots with handles make a good choice when thinking of using this method. Holes are much easier to cut into cloth pots.
Screen of Green- This technique als has a fitting name. A net is strung horizontally over the tops of the plants. As the plant grows through the net it is pushed back under and away from the stalk. This causes the top branches to slow down and give the bottom ones a chance to catch up and receive a healthy amount of light.
Perks of LST
More light reaches lower areas of the plant than would originally be able to. More bud sites receiving the same amount of nutrients and light means buds are similar in size. Using LST allows you to have a firm grasp on exactly how your plant will grow and how much it will ultimately yield.
There are many methods of training cannabis. If you didn't find what you were looking for in this article you might read “Super Cropping”. Thank you for reading and always if you have any questions feel free to contact us on the support page.
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As a financial services innovation, The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is planning to launch a digital currency using blockchain technology in 2022-23. It is a central bank-backed digital or virtual/ cryptocurrency that has grown in importance over the last decade.
With this innovation, CBDCs are likely to play a pivotal role in shaping the ‘future of value transfer’. Today, most central banks across the world are in different stages of evaluation for launching their very own national digital currencies.
“CBDCs due to their inherent potential of changing the way value transfer happens, provide a more resilient, innovative, and competitive payment system for households, businesses, and economies.
Since the day the launch of a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) or Digital Rupee, was announced in the Union Budget for 2022-23. The topic has become a point of discussion since then. This article attempts to provide a satisfactory context on the same.
What is CBDC-backed Digital Rupee?
RBI’S Digital currency is based on Bitcoin and blockchain technology. It helps build a cashless society through digital currencies. Various governments and central banks are now exploring its potential worldwide. So, what is an RBI digital rupee? As per the RBI website, CBDC will be a digital version of the Indian rupee, which people can use as a regular rupee. It is a central bank-issued digital currency that will be circulated by the RBI and can be used by people like us for NEFT, IMPS, and digital wallet transactions. It can be used for both wholesale and retail transactions.
Digital Rupee and Cryptocurrency: Is there any difference?
Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin are supported by the blockchain. It holds a tamper-proof record of transactions and ownership without the involvement of a central authority like banks or the government. They are frequently decentralized from time to time.
Whereas, the digital rupee, is unlike the private cryptocurrencies in which, it is centralized and authorized by our central government RBI. It will also be accepted as a legal tender as it is backed by RBI.
What is the need for Digital Rupee?
When it comes to the development of the country, India does not want to be left behind in the virtual currency race. To promote the underlying technology of cryptocurrency and its uses, RBI has launched its own CBDC- backed digital currency. However, RBI has previously expresses serious concerns about cryptocurrencies that cannot be overseen and so it seeks to prohibit all private cryptocurrencies in India. To avoid money laundering, tax evasion and terrorism fiancing RBI has hinted that it would issue its own CBDC.
The launch of central bank backed digital currency will uplift the digital economy of the country. Apart from that, digital currency will be more efficient and a cheaper option for our currency management system,”
Will there be a 30% tax on digital assets that include Digital Rupee?
Currently there will be no tax exemption for the RBI’s Digital Rupee. However, all the other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Ethereum and virtual digital assets like NFTs, etc., will be taxed at a rate of 30% unlike Digital Rupee.
Is the Digital Rupee already launched by RBI.
Nirmala Sitharaman in the Union Budget has announced that the RBI would launch its own digital rupee in the financial year 2022-23. The digital rupee blockchain, being developed by the Reserve Bank, which would be a CBDC, would significantly boost the digital economy. It would be able to trace all the transactions, and is unlike the current system of mobile wallet offered by private companies. The debut date for its launch, however, has yet to be disclosed.
Has the Indian government legalized digital currency?
The legality of cryptocurrencies has triggered a debate in India with a proposed taxation of virtual assets. While there has been many praises for the governments move towards taxable digital currenciencies, many others believe that it is just the initial step towards recognizing virtual currencies as an opportunity to boost Indian economy. The Indian Government is yet to clarify if the private cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin is to be under leagal tender in India.
The finance Minister of India- Sitharaman also stated during a post-budget press conference that regular consultations on crypto and its regulation are continuing, adding that once the regulatory document is finalized, it will be obvious what is legal and what is not.
What are the Benefits one can get of CBDC digital payment?
Using CBDC digital payments can benefit people in various ways like:
CBDC payments are final, which means the transaction made would be just like handing over cash
It will help reduce financial system settlement risk
It will make all payments and payment systems to more real-time and is cost-effective
One can pay American Dollars in real-time without any involvement of any middleman.
CBDC replaces interbank settlement, and its just like UPI payment but backed with CBDC instead of bank.
Are there different types of CBDCs?
Central Bank backed Digital rupee comes in two forms:
Wholesale CBDCs
It refers to financial institutions like Central bank reserves that carry reserve deposits with a central bank. It facilitates towards improving settlement efficiency where a central bank account is granted to deposit funds or settle interbank transfers. This may also help lower the counterparty credit and liquidity risks that may affect lending and interest rates.
Retail CBDCs
These are similar to institutional-only government-backed digital currencies that will be issued for the general public. It will help eliminate intermediary risk where the banks fail to protect the lost clients assets.
Are there any disadvantages of CBDCs / Digital Rupee in India?
Switching to CBDC may have issues on its stability. For example, the central bank liquidity during financial crisis may not be enough to allow withdrawals. On the other hand, it may require stringent government control to monitor for all the financial crimes. A central bank-backed digital money has the potential to attract the same type of financial criminals, which necessitates the need for inevitable supervision that can help avoid system penetration and theft of assets and information.
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Necessary office stationeries at home- pens, files, a4 size papers
During the time of the lockdowns imposed due to the severity of the Covid-19 and even post that period, most offices put more focus on saving data and files digitally. However, there are still certain documents that need to be kept in the form of a hard copy or there are some supplies or stationeries that are genuinely required for an office setting. Paperweights, papers- especially a4 size papers, pens, laptops, routers, and other such items are a part and parcel of office life.
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The Church of Christ in America appeared as a renewal movement during the Second Great Awakening, a sweeping religious revival centered at Cane Ridge, Kentucky in 1801. A Presbyterian clergyman, Barton W. Stone, had organized these revival meetings in response to the immorality and spiritual deadness that characterized the western frontier of the new nation. These meetings drew nearly twenty thousand people to the Kentucky woods where a massive revival swept through the area for days.
This kicked-off the Second Great Awakening in America, which produced huge growth in Baptist and Methodist churches and also gave birth to new groups such as the Cumberland Presbyterians, the Christian Church, Disciples of Christ and the Church of Christ.
As revival swept across America, clergymen like Barton Stone, Thomas and Alexander Campbell (Scottish Presbyterians), James O. Kelly (Methodist) and John Raccoon Smith (Baptist), among others, began to search for a new model for the church in America.
This new model became known as the "Restoration Movement," which emphasized several basics, such as (1) de-emphasizing denominational differences and being "Christians only," (2) looking to the Bible only, instead of denominational manuals, to establish policy for worship and Christian living, and (3) attempting to restore the spirit and simple practices of Christianity depicted in the New Testament.
Most modern Churches of Christ still believe in these ideals and attempt to live up to this high calling.
We do use music, but we don't use musical instruments to accompany our singing. While many of our friends in other churches (even some Churches of Christ) use instruments, most of our congregations don't for several simple reasons.
Early Christianity included two groups of people: Jews with a background of instrumental music (see Psalm 150) and pagan Gentiles who also worshipped with musical instruments. Yet when the church was established in about 33 A.D., those early Christians worshipped without such instruments.
According to Dr. F.W Mattox, a scholar of early church history, musical instruments weren't used until the fifth century, and organ music didn't become part of Christian worship until the eighth century. Even today the majority of Christian groups worldwide still sing without instruments, or acappella (literally meaning of the chapel or in the way of the church.)
So it seems logical, considering our goal of restoring a New Testament type Christian worship, that acappella singing would fit that model. Besides, the only musical instrument God ever created is the human voice; man created all the rest. Perhaps the purest form of musical worship on earth is found in human voices.
No, we definitely believe that God inspired every word of the Old Testament. Even the New Testament says, "For everything written in the past was written to teach us..." (Romans 15:4). Without the Old Testament revelation, we couldn't understand the New Testament.
But the Old Testament isn't our covenant with God. As Christians, we're under the new covenant (Hebrews 8:6-13). That's why Christians don't offer animal sacrifices in worship, stone adulterers to death, abstain from pork, or keep other regulations demanded by the old covenant.
By simply becoming a Christian. Just as in the New Testament, we have no special rules for joining our fellowship and no votes are taken to screen potential members. When one accepts and obeys the gospel, Christ adds him or her to the universal, worldwide church (Acts 2:47), and then that believer joins a local group of disciples to continue his or her growth and service to Jesus (Acts 10:26).
In the early 1800's two men, Thomas Campbell and Alexander Campbell (father & son), came to America. These two Presbyterian clergymen became leaders in the religious idealism that sprang up after the Cane Ridge revival, and became involved in the Restoration Movement.
They believed that Christianity had become too institutionalized, divided, formalized, and denominational. They left their denominations and rallied around the Bible as their only religious guide. Their intent was to bypass the confusion of denominational differences and go back to the simple New Testament forms of worship and church life.
Since the Campbells were two of the main intellectual leaders of this movement, and since Churches of Christ are descendants of the movement, some people have called us "Campbellites." However, Churches of Christ insist on wearing only the name of Christ and not the partisan names of human beings.
What makes a church a denomination? Usually the fact that it has a national organization, a headquarters here on earth, a hierarchy of clergy, a handbook or creedal statement of belief (in addition to the Bible), and various committees and groups that operate above and outside the local congregation, while making policy for the local churches to follow.
Because of our beginnings in the Restoration Movement, Churches of Christ have attempted to minimize these denominational trappings. We prefer to operate as local self-governing congregations answerable mainly to Christ. While we cooperate with each other, and often with other Christian groups, we desire to be what one of our founders summed up in his statement: "We're Christians only, but not the only Christians."
Because the Bible does; the New Testament mentions baptism 51 times. Every conversion to Christ recorded in the book of Acts ended in a water baptism. And every New Testament writer considered baptism an essential part of a believer's response to Jesus.
The Apostle Paul wrote that the gospel, which saves us, is the death, burial, and resurrection of Christ on our behalf - to atone for our sins (1 Cor. 15:1-4). He also wrote that water baptism is a faith-inspired re-enactment of that gospel. It's a symbolic death, reflected by burial in water (instead of dirt) and a symbolic resurrection acted out by rising from the water (Romans 6:1-7).
Christ considered it so important that not only was he baptized but he included this teaching in his marching orders as he sent his apostles out to make more disciples (Mark 16:15-16).
In any form of communication, some statements are literal and some aren't. A stop sign on the street corner sends a message: "STOP." It's to be taken literally. But when a car at that stop sign has "Mustang" written on it, we know that's a symbolic statement - the car isn't literally a horse.
In our approach to Biblical interpretation, we try to separate the literal and symbolic by using a few common sense rules: What did the Biblical statement mean to those who originally heard it? What was the context? What does it mean for us today? What was the writer's intent, to be symbolic or literal?
Those life-or-death statements in the Bible ("if you do not believe that I am (he), you will indeed die in your sins" (John 8:24)) we take at face value and teach them accordingly.
Because of the nature of the Communion. Jesus said that when we celebrate this feast, he eats it with us! (Mark 14:25.) Each time we have Communion, we participate symbolically in the blood and body of Christ (1 Cor. 10:16). We also show our unity as a body, remember his sacrifice, and preach his death and resurrection (1 Cor. 11:17-34).
The Communion service is one of the most important reasons we meet on Sunday. Paul and his companions thought it so important that they waited seven days in one town so they could assemble with the church and celebrate the Communion meal (Acts 20:6-7).
Most religious groups have a few misguided people who think they're the only ones going to heaven. Churches of Christ are no different.
But membership in a church can't save anyone; Christ's church is an assembly of the already saved. One can be a member of the best church on earth and still miss heaven.
So what saves us and gets us to heaven? Jesus does. The gospel (good news) is that Jesus died for our sins, was buried and was raised from the dead on the third day (1 Cor. 15:1-4.) It's God's action through Christ that saves us, not membership in a church. When you stand before Christ in the judgment, he won't ask to see your church membership card, but he will ask, "Do I know you?"
And the only way to know Jesus is through his gospel - believing that he is God's Son (literally God in flesh,) that he is the Messiah promised in the Old Testament, that he died and rose again on our behalf to erase our sins, and that he is now undisputed Lord of all. Once a person accepts that gospel from the heart, places his or her faith in Jesus to save him from hell and put him in heaven, repents of his past, and is baptized, he moves into the Christian life - the life of the saved (Acts 2:22-41.)
So the only ones who are going to heaven are those who've been truly reborn spiritually. As Jesus put it, "I tell you the truth, no one can see the kingdom of God unless he is born again." (John 3:3.)
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The Latin motto of the Marden High School community is:
Carpe Diem!
Which means
“Rejoice…seize the day; live life to the fullest; make the most of what you have.”
So we will:
• Put the learning and progress of students first
• Inspire them to be happy, confident, unique and tolerant individuals who flourish and achieve
• Guide all of them to fulfil their potential academically, socially and spiritually
• Promote their responsibility and resilience, diligence and determination, independence and enterprise
• Encourage their originality and creativity
• Care for them in a safe and equal environment
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Most researchers and national organizations recommend that people living with multiple sclerosis (MS) get all the recommended vaccinations. However, these individuals should seek the advice of a doctor first, as it may sometimes be necessary to pause MS medications before getting certain vaccinations.
there is a row of vials containing vaccinesShare on Pinterest
Bloomberg Creative/Getty Images
People living with MS often need to take special precautions regarding their health. As a result, when it comes to vaccinations, a person with MS will need to know when to get a vaccine, whether it is generally safe, and how likely it will be to cause their condition to worsen.
According to the American Academy of Neurology (AAN), a person living with MS should get vaccinations as part of staying healthy. The AAN recommends following the current recommendations and guidelines but notes the importance of discussing vaccines with a doctor before receiving them.
This article reviews the safety considerations regarding vaccines for people living with MS.
The National Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Society strongly recommends that anyone living with MS get the COVID-19 vaccine as soon as possible. It notes that research has shown this vaccination to be safe and effective in preventing the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
The society also notes that it will update its guidance on the vaccination as more evidence of how it affects people living with MS becomes available. For now, existing research suggests that the vaccination is safe and effective for people living with MS.
Learn more about MS and the COVID-19 vaccine here.
Research shows that the flu, or influenza, vaccination provides protection against seasonal flu. However, there are some exceptions.
The flu vaccination comes in two forms: inactivated and live. Healthcare staff members administer the inactivated version via a shot in the arm, while people can take the live version in the form of a nasal spray.
A person living with MS should not get the live version. The National MS Society also notes that a person should not get the nasal spray while they are taking disease-modifying therapies (DMTs).
The AAN advises that people with MS receive the flu vaccine every year.
Learn about the potential side effects of the flu vaccine.
A person should talk with a doctor about the best time for them to get the flu shot and whether and when they need to stop their medication.
Learn about the pros and cons of the flu vaccine.
The HPV vaccine can help prevent the most dangerous cases of HPV, which is the most common type of sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States. HPV can lead to certain cancers, such as cervical cancer.
Doctors recommend that a person receive this vaccine between the ages of 9 and 26 years, although some people may receive it later.
Although some research has indicated that the HPV vaccination may cause MS, a more recent review of several studies revealed no significant association.
Learn more about Gardasil 9, the HPV vaccine.
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live attenuated strain of M. bovis bacteria. M. bovis is a type of tuberculosis that typically affects cattle, but it can also infect humans.
According to a 2017 review, BCG vaccination may also be an effective therapy for slowing the progression of MS. The researchers also noted that other studies suggest that the BCG vaccination may help with preventing MS in people at risk, but additional research is necessary to prove its preventive effect and better understand its therapeutic effect.
The hepatitis B vaccine helps prevent this liver infection.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), earlier studies raised concerns that hepatitis B vaccination may cause MS to develop in some people. However, the organization noted that current research shows that this vaccine has no link with the development of MS. It also does not cause the symptoms of the disease to worsen.
Learn more about the possible side effects of the hepatitis B vaccine.
The CDC recommends that all people over the age of 9 months get the yellow fever vaccination if they live in or plan to travel to high risk areas in South America or Africa. Most people only need a single dose, but a booster may be necessary in some cases.
Although the vaccine can cause some side effects, the CDC does not list MS as a risk factor for developing a reaction. Also, a 2020 study showed no association between yellow fever vaccination and MS, including that this preventive treatment does not cause worsening symptoms.
Learn more about the yellow fever vaccine.
There is limited evidence on how exactly some other vaccinations affect people living with MS. However, despite the lack of studies, the National MS Society still recommends that people get the following vaccinations:
• Pneumococcal vaccines: Researchers recommend these vaccines for anyone over the age of 65 years and those living with MS who have an increased risk of lung infections.
• Varicella (chickenpox) vaccines: Researchers recommend these vaccines for anyone who is starting a new MS medication and does not know whether they have had previous chickenpox exposure.
• Smallpox vaccines: There have been no extensive studies of the smallpox vaccine in people living with MS, but experts recommend this vaccination in areas where an outbreak has occurred.
• Shingles vaccines: Researchers recommend two doses of the Shingrix vaccine for people over the age of 50 years. There is no evidence to suggest that it would negatively affect a person living with MS.
Currently, there is no vaccination to prevent MS. However, researchers are working to develop one.
After partnering with Pfizer to help develop an mRNA vaccination for COVID-19, a German company called BioNTech recently tested an MS vaccine on mice. The scientists found in their study that the vaccination halted the progression of MS. Though the research gives reason to be hopeful, a lot more testing is necessary before a vaccine for MS becomes available for humans.
According to a review of studies, BCG vaccination may help prevent symptoms of MS from getting worse. It is unclear, however, whether it can help prevent MS from occurring in high risk populations.
Several studies have examined whether various vaccinations can cause MS.
For example, according to a 2016 systemic review, previous studies on the flu shot causing MS showed no association between this vaccination and the onset of MS.
A 2018 review showed that there is no connection between the HPV vaccination and MS. However, the authors did note that the reviewed studies had low statistical value due to the rarity of MS cases.
In short, earlier studies showed potential links between certain vaccinations and MS, but current studies show that no vaccinations will cause MS.
People living with MS should consider getting all the vaccinations that experts recommend for people of their age, taking any other risk factors into account. However, they should talk with a doctor before getting a vaccination in case they will need to pause their MS medication.
Vaccinations are generally safe and effective for people living with MS. Evidence that vaccinations cause or worsen MS is generally lacking.
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https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/multiple-sclerosis-vaccine
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Nancy Drew Wallpaper
Nancy Drew (2007) movie photo - id 6157
Image copyright (©) Warner Bros. Pictures or related entities. Used for publicity and promotional purposes.
Nancy Drew (2007) Wallpaper
Nancy Drew Plot
Based on characters created by Carolyn Keene, "Nancy Drew" follows Nancy (Emma Roberts) as she accompanies her father Carson (Tate Donovan) to Los Angeles on one of his business trips and stumbles across evidence about a long-unsolved crime involving the mysterious death of a beautiful movie star. Nancy's resourcefulness and personal responsibility are put to the test when she finds herself in the middle of the fast-living, self-indulgent world of Hollywood.
Like this Nancy Drew Wallpaper—Share It!
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NEWEA now accepts donations directly online!
Each year, NEWEA organizes and manages various training, educational, advocacy, and outreach programs, including technical events attended by more than 3,000 water professionals annually, outreach presentations that have reached more than 4,000 students to date, and scholarships that provide $3,000 annually to students furthering their studies in water environment education.
As a 100% independently funded, non-profit, 501(c)(3) organization, our success comes from generous supporters like you. Your donation will help fund our industry-leading programming, which supports water professionals throughout New England and contributes to maintaining the region’s access to clean water. Thank you for your support.
Please note, all donated funds are subject to a 3.5% credit card fee. All funds donated each fiscal year will also be assessed a 10% management fee.
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If you’re looking for a fun way to win a large amount of money, you should try baccarat. This popular casino game originated in Europe, and it’s gained popularity in Asia and the United States. Its rich history dates back to France and Italy and has become a favorite among gamblers worldwide. In fact, baccarat is one of the few games where a high-spending player can hurt the casino rather than boosting their bankroll.
In baccarat, hands are valued by counting the number of “pips” on the face of each card. The value of a hand ranges from zero to nine. The higher-value hand wins. The player must stand when their first two cards add up to six or more, or draw one card if their hand is five or less. A tie is eight to one. Once you’ve mastered the basics of baccarat, you’re ready to go play.
The best way to win baccarat is to learn to read the game’s trends. Some books state that the banker will win more often than the player, but they don’t explain why this is the case. Common sense would tell you that both players have an equal chance of winning. Since the banker gets to act last, he will hit if his hand improves, and stand if it doesn’t. But if he’s on a hot streak, he’ll stand instead of hit.
To place a bet, first check the odds of winning and losing. If your hand comes closest to nine, you’ll win your bet if the casino is ahead by $12 millon. If the player’s hand comes up with a total higher than nine, you’ll have to drop one digit to win. A tie is a result of no one winning more than one hand. While the odds of winning are equal, the house edge in baccarat games is just 4.07%.
To win at baccarat, you need to understand the rules of the game. The first rule of baccarat is to place your bets before the cards are dealt. In baccarat, you can place your bets on either the player or the banker’s hand, and it is important to know which cards to play with. In baccarat, you must know the difference between a natural and an unnatural hand.
In the game, the house edge on this casino game is the same as in blackjack. The best strategy is to bet on the player’s hand when the house edge is the lowest. However, if the player’s hand is higher than the banker’s, then you’ll win more often than not. If you’re a beginner, it’s also worth considering how the house edge works. In this way, you can maximize your chances of winning the game.
Another strategy for winning the game of baccarat is to bet as little as possible. A good rule of thumb is to play with a smaller banker if you’re playing with high-limits. Baccarat is a great way to learn the rules of baccarat. If you’re looking to win money quickly, you should consider learning how to play baccarat. There are several strategies and hacks that you can use to improve your game.
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eLearning platforms for high school and college level maths
SCORM LMS elearning lms teaching 3557 times12 answers1 follower
tommyfreed jamesw answered
What are some good eLearning platforms for learning high school or college level maths?
jamesw jamesw answered
One great way to introduce math to kids is through play. Many games and activities for kids encourage learning and development. One game that focuses on mental arithmetic is Quick Draw. Kids can play with their friends or parents and must arrange cards in ascending or descending order to win. The game can be challenging, but will make learning https://www.frolicplayspace.com/counting-games/ math fun. Listed below are some fun ways to introduce math to kids. You can also make your own games.
Oleg21 Oleg21 answered
Hello everyone. Some time ago, I transferred to high school and started regular exams in mathematics. But unfortunately I had certain difficulties that I could not fix. And I started looking for online help. As a result, I was able to find a wonderful math tutor. He helped me a lot in my studies and I was able to fill in my knowledge gaps. I advise you to try it for those who really have problems with mathematics.
ericbeatric ericbeatric answered
Thanks for this discussion. Two Tone Aviator Jacket
boardgamesaz boardgamesaz answered
poppy playtime
nataliawng nataliawng answered
Education, like many other businesses, has been greatly influenced by technological advancements. From schools to colleges and universities, everyone can be affected by technology.
With the exception of the allegation that technology has affected students’ learning schedules, edTech has shown to be a useful tool. Students may now make the most of their learning time since they have complete control over their development: they can either make an effort to stand out or let opportunities pass them by. Here are a few examples of how technology has helped the academic world.
Simulations And Digital Models
Traditional learning might make it harder for students to grasp a concept. Students can use digital simulations and models to improve their understanding of a variety of subjects as well as gain a deeper understanding of the modern world’s wonders.
Furthermore, technology has shown to be a useful tool for teachers who find it difficult to express some concepts in a physical classroom. Teachers that are tech-savvy can incorporate various forms of text, activity models, and interactive controls for students into their classes to make them more strategic. Askmeoffers has some learning coupons that you may use to save money.
The level of communication has improved
Communication is necessary for any task. And in the field of education, poor communication is unacceptably common. Since the development of technology, communication gaps have been closed and the flow of knowledge has been streamlined. Using online collaboration technologies, anyone may create a community where teachers offer real-time tasks to their students and students can ask for clarifications if necessary, whether in a regular or virtual classroom. As a bonus, peers can quickly communicate with one another about subject-related issues.
Advanced Studies
Students’ study has become more easier thanks to cloud storage. Gone are the days when students had to sift through shelves of books in order to find a specific reference that would aid them in improving their projects and assignments. Research has shown to be a strong tool with the advancement of technology.
Because they save time during research, students can incorporate a lot of information and knowledge into their papers. Obtaining a variety of replies and results from all over the world is also possible, which is probably the most obvious benefit a student obtains in his life. It’s all thanks to Google, the world’s most popular search engine. CouponsABC is one of the websites that offers discount codes for you to utilise in order to save money.
Workable evaluations
Teachers can not only prepare lectures more quickly with the help of digital simulations and models, but they can also keep track of their students’ improvement.
Teachers can use software to give and receive real-time assessments of their students. This type of software is intended to help teachers keep track of all records, such as the number of learning assignments provided, the length of time students require to finish a task, and so on. It’s a way for teachers to assess how long it takes some students to answer a question, whether they’re improving, and, if not, what additional efforts should be made to help them improve.
It should be interesting to learn
It is scientifically proven that when a student practises, he learns more. Things have become a lot more fun as a result of technological advancements. Students participate in a number of learning activities to aid in the retention of new information. Since the introduction of computers, tablets, and smartphones, there has been a plethora of educational programmes that allow students to study a variety of topics in a pleasant way. They can also save money by using coupons found on websites such as Askmeoffers. They can also view live streaming videos on the internet to have a better understanding of a topic, theme, or subject.
Everyone has access to education
In today’s digitally revolutionised world, there are various free opportunities available from many respectable universities. No matter where you are, you can utilise your device to access the internet and search for your possibilities. Your grades don’t have to suffer any more because the internet will always provide you with the best search results and will help you meet your educational objectives.
Technology will undoubtedly advance, and you will need to adjust your teaching methods to stay up. Greene tells his colleagues to “take a chance.” Experiment with different concepts. You won’t know how useful a tool or method is unless you try it. When technology is incorporated in the classroom, critical thinking abilities are also fostered. Simply dive right in.”
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Understanding the merits of early neutral evaluation in family law disputes
Posted: 04/02/2016
What is ENE?
One of a number of processes available to resolve disputes faster with less cost and acrimony, ENE provides the parties in dispute with an early indication from a specialist lawyer as to the likely outcome of their case based upon the information that they have been given.
The intention is that by receiving ENE guidance early on in the negotiation process, the parties will be better informed and encouraged to reach a swift settlement and avoid the need for often lengthy and costly litigation.
What can ENE be used for?
It can be used to facilitate agreement upon all manner of disputes from dividing marital assets to deciding with whom and where the children should live.
What’s the process like?
It is separate to any court process and can be used to avoid the fixed timetable and long delays which are the realities of the family court system at present. ENE is part of a shift towards providing creative and bespoke solutions that address the needs of individuals and families outside the inflexible court process. The ENE process is also entirely confidential. This is of increasing importance to clients who wish to deal with matters discretely.
The parties jointly appoint an experienced lawyer (the evaluator) to provide guidance either on a single or discreet set of issues that are the stumbling block to agreement, or all of the issues. The remit and choice of evaluator is up to them to decide. The evaluator is provided with as much information as is available to provide their opinion on how the matter would be decided if it were to go to court. The manner in which the evaluation is delivered can be tailored to suit the people involved: either on paper or at a venue to be decided by those involved.
Is it binding?
No. Although ENE does not provide a binding decision, it can prove to be a powerful and persuasive tool to generate an agreement between the parties involved. Those involved can feel confident that the evaluator has taken time to carefully consider their case (unlike a busy judge at a short court appointment) and comfortable that the agreement they have reached was made on a thorough and well-informed basis.
If, however, the indication does not facilitate an agreement between the parties, it is still possible to pursue a court application (which may be shortened in length because of the ENE) or other means of resolving the dispute.
The team of experienced family lawyers at Penningtons Manches LLP in London, Oxford, Reading and Guildford can advise individuals on whether ENE is appropriate or likely to be effective for each set of circumstances. The team has advised a number of high net worth individuals who used the guidance gleaned at the ENE stage to reach agreement quickly and cost-effectively. However, ENE may not be appropriate for everyone, particularly in financial cases where one party suspects the other of non-disclosure of their assets/liabilities and/or income. Should you require further guidance about understanding whether this approach may be appropriate for you, please contact Rebecca Carlyon ([email protected] / 020 7753 7722).
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Penningtons Manches Cooper LLP
Penningtons Manches Cooper LLP
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Ajmal Fantabulous by Ajmal for Women
One scent of ajmal fantabulous perfume is enough to take you back to the tropics, back to that unforgettable trip. The top is the scent of paradise; inviting oriental lychee and juicy kiwi fruit bring you to a new zealand resort. Florals wrap the dominant heart, with sweet, rich jasmine tying the oriental open to an intensely white floral middle.
Item #PP861245X
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The Portrait of Louis XIII, King of France was created between 1622 and 1625 by Peter Paul Rubens. The oil on canvas measures 46.5 by 38 inches (118.1 by 96.5 centimetres). The Baroque-style painting was created with a companion portrait of the wife of Louis XIII, Anne of Austria. About the painting Born in 1601, Louis XIII became king when he was just nine years old following the assassination of his father Henry IV. His mother Marie de’ Medici ruled as regent, even after the young ruler was declared of age in 1615. The king continued to be dominated by his mother and his chief ministers during his reign. Known as Louis the Just, he ruled France until 1643. Ruben was commissioned by Marie de’ Medici to create a series of works starting in 1621. During that time, Louis also commissioned the artist to complete portraits of himself and his wife Anne. Despite the commission, the king distrusted Rubens. He believed the artist was a spy working for his first minister Cardinal Richelieu. Although the king was suspicious of Richelieu, the men are known for transforming France by denouncing private violence like duelling. They also established the Académie français. Although not known for being an effective ruler, Rubens portrayed strength in his depiction of Louis XIII. The young king is dressed in a polished suit of armour and the Cross of the Order of the Saint Esprit adorns his side. Wearing a gauntlet, his left hand rests on a table next to a plumed helmet. His right hand holds a marshal’s baton. The painting was based on a portrait sketch that Rubens created of the monarch while in Paris in 1622. The quickly made oil on paper was also used as a model for other works based on Louis made at the artist’s studio. Rubens also created several works for Marie de’ Medici that incorporated Louis XIII, including The Birth of the Dauphin at Fontainebleau, The Consignment of the Regency, Louis XIII Comes of Age, Reconciliation of the Queen and her Son, and The Triumph of Truth. Ownership The portraits of Louis XIII and Anne of Austria by Rubens were part of a collection owned Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria, the younger brother of Emperor Ferdinand III and a patron of the arts. Other past owners included Frederick the Great of Prussia in the eighteenth century and Wilhelm II of Germany in the twentieth century. The painting is owned by The Norton Simon Foundation, although not on display at the Norton Simon Museum in California.
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Everything posted by Detournement
1. Somehow they also have household debt to GDP of 105%. There's big potential for social strife there.
2. Steak pie, a good buffet and a free bar should cover it.
3. America was reintegrating Germans who planned and executed the Final Solution into West Germany a handful of years after WW2. I don't think you can rule out Germany buying Russia forever. American LNG sales maybe guaranteed but the price is variable. America as a competitor also benefits from European industry shutting down.
4. USA doing is a conspiracy. Russia doing it is not a conspiracy. Fantastic.
5. Germans are going to have their access to heating limited this winter. Protests demanding more gas via NS2 would have been huge but obviously not now.
6. Local radio was a terrible idea. Every presenter was going for their career defining moment of glory.
7. The kind of diplomacy I can get behind.
8. The point is that Aki shouldn't have made the clear out attempt at all. Encouraging the ball carrier to actually release the ball when the jackaler has his hands on would solve a lot of this. Some kind of team penalty where multiple infringements lead to a card. And at the same time enforce that the tackle is released and no jackal attempts until the tackle is fully complete ie if the tackler is still touching the ball carriers arms then no contest allowed.
9. Russia is going to integrate all four regions into a Crimean Federal District.
10. There's a fire at the Zaporohyze Nuclear Power Plant. It's been a strangely eventful week.
11. They have been vilifying workers asking for 10% so I think we know the answer to that.
12. I agree with the sentiment. f**k them. However they are the dominant electoral bloc and it's unlikely they are going to suddenly think it's time to give social democracy a go. Starmer isn't going to fix anything so the long term outlook is even more of a shift to the right.
13. If you look in an estate agent window in London you see that £1m doesn't get you very much. It seems guaranteed that houses prices will fall to a level that corrects for the Covid surge but I don't see them falling much further.
14. We are definitely starting to see some anger from people who never imagined that they personally would be the ones feeling the pinch due to UK economic policy. The type of questions in that Kent interview are only being put forward because the wrong people are losing out now. This crisis has years to run and millions of people are in for a big shock.
15. Again it's a shame to have to stick up for Truss but the increase in mortgage payments this winter will only be a tiny fraction of the £60 billion Energy relief/bailout. It's her own fault for going on idiotic radio shows but again the combination of economic illiteracy combined with extreme self confidence is why the individuals who compromise the British public have been played like a fiddle by the Tories for 45 years.
16. Obviously she can't guarantee that private pensions are safe! People like Tom are the primary reason we are in the shit.
17. The Ukrainian state made it illegal for Russian speakers to speak Russian in school.
18. House prices dropping might not be a bad thing but it won't allow any more people to get on the property ladder. Demand for housing will remain higher than supply in the UK for the foreseeable future.
19. The USA jacking up interest rate means that all countries and corporations with dollar denominated debt need more dollars to pay the interest. So in real terms the USA prints dollars out of thin air, third party nations exchange increasing amounts of real resources for magic bean dollars and then hand the dollars back to the US in the form of interest payments. This effectively means the US is exporting all their inflation which is obviously hurting us. The vast majority of countries (the ones that haven't sanctioned Russia) no longer want to be a part of this system hence all the recent chaos. The big losers of the 21st century will be the countries that remain part of the system because their political leadership is completely owned by the USA.
20. She has been quiet recently. She must be working on Indyref2 as it's only 12 months away now.
21. We have went from There's No Such Thing As Neoliberalism to hedge funds insulting a Tory Chancellor by calling him neoliberal.
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Vaer Upcycled - Sneakers from textile waste
What makes VAER sneakers special? They are upcycled from textile waste; in particular discarded jeans and workwear. The rest of the sneaker is made from recycled materials. This means that your old pair of jeans, might have been transformed into sneakers.
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Is there a Mabuchi motor distributor?
Was just looking at the products on the Mabuchi web site. As far back
as I can remember, as a kid, any time I took a motorized toy apart, it
had a Mabuchi motor in it. And they have so many sizes, if I could just
get my hands on a few paticular ones.
I was just wondering if anyone new of a distributor that sold alot of
there poducts here in the states (without having to buy like a million
of of one model)...
Reply to
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--Might try a hobby shop that sells R/C cars; IIRC these motors were favored over all other brands a while ago.
Reply to
Yeah I know one of the distributors, but, 1) they only do business with other companies, 2) they do not do business with individuals, 3) they sell wholesale, 4)you have to establish an account with them. Thus it means you need to order a bunch of motors to qualify. They also want you to buy lots of motors on a regular basis, else you lose your account with them. They are great if you want to order 10,000 motors for something though.
For small quantities, you need to deal with a local hobby shop, or a internet store, or one of the surplus stores.Of course taking apart old toys, and old printers is a popular way to get motors too.
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comes to mind if you want "NEW" and small quantities.
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Earl Bollinger
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Video can really bring your subject alive
It also enables you to communicate with your students and support their learning at a time when they're unable to attend lectures and tutorials in person. Using nothing more than your smartphone or personal computer and uRewind, powered by Panopto, you can create, edit and share teaching videos that look and sound great. Read on to find out how!
What teaching videos can I create, and how can I ensure they’re effective and engaging?
Videos can be anything from short clips, in which you sit at your desk and present a key idea to learners, to complete lectures integrated with visual aids such as PowerPoint. You can also use video to demonstrate complex processes or capture a simulation or scenario. To learn more about different types of videos as well as best practices for designing them, check out this article from Panopto.
1. Disconnect
Before you start recording anything, put your phone in airplane mode. Don't let the sound of a new message or an incoming call interrupt your recording.
2. Keep it horizontal
Don't ruin your video by having two black vertical bars either side of the screen. To avoid this, be sure to use landscape and not portrait orientation while recording. This will not only make your video more attractive – it also allows you to capture more in the frame.
3. Use a tripod
Even if your phone has built-in optical image stabilisation and you have incredibly steady hands, the best way to keep your phone stable when filming and avoid shaky videos is to use a tripod. Failing that, when recording yourself, rest your phone on a secure object or use blu-tack to attach it to a wall. If you're recording something else, stabilise your video by keeping your phone close to your body or resting your elbows on a nearby object.
4. Don't use digital zoom
Digital zoom makes you or your subject appear closer, but it reduces the detail and quality of the video, making it more pixelated. For a close-up shot, move the phone closer!
5. Get the lighting right
For best results, film with plenty of light. If you're shooting indoors during the day, position yourself facing a window and use the sun. If you're recording at night, make sure your light source is directed towards you or your subject. Be sure to avoid backlighting, and don't rely on light from your phone.
6. Lock the focus and exposure
If you're shooting a video of yourself talking to the camera, use the exposure focus lock on your phone. This will stop the camera automatically adjusting and refocusing and keep the focus and exposure constant throughout your shot.
7. Check your microphone
Find out where your phone's microphones are located. They're usually on the bottom of the handset, where you speak, and next to the camera. Make sure nothing is blocking them. If you're making an audio-only recording, get the microphone as close to you or your subject as possible. If you're fortunate enough to have an external microphone, use it to enhance the quality of your audio.
8. Check your audio settings
If you're making an audio-only recording, you can improve the sound quality by changing the settings of the voice recorder app to lossless or the highest quality available. There are also free apps, such as Voice Record Pro (iOS) and Titanium Recorder (Android), which let you adjust the sample rate, bit rate, encode quality and gain control to minimise distortion.
9. Pay attention to your environment
Even if you're recording at home or in an office, do everything you can to minimise interfering sounds such as fans, air conditioning, computer notifications or people talking in the background.
10. Do a trial run
Before making your final recording, do a trial run to check your video and audio settings are correct. But don't worry - it doesn't have to be perfect, and you can edit the recording using uRewind.
How can I edit and share my videos using uRewind?
To make your videos available via Blackboard, you'll need to install the software on your phone or computer and provision your course. Follow the instructions on You can then start uploading your videos, either direct from your iPhone or Android phone, or via your computer. You can also record using your computer microphone and webcam and upload your videos to Blackboard. uRewind makes it easy to edit your video, add additional media or add extra resources like quizzes to engage students as they watch.
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Archive for January 2016
This Is How We Build It
Tags: Cloud, Electronics, Embedded, GPS, Network, Security, Wireless
The problem with the Internet of Things is that few people truly understand what it is really about. A large percentage of people in the group that does understand it tend to discard it as yet another marketing hype such as “the cloud” with very little real substance. Due to all kinds of news reports on security issues, vendor lock-ins and lack of open standards, cost overruns, etc. these people tend to see their opinions confirmed. We at WRD Systems also tend to agree with this group – to a point. The reason we do is that we see the same mistakes being made as countless numbers of times before, including the critical security issues that WRD Systems has highlighted for years. However, we also see the great potential of internet connected devices. Probably not the refrigerators and such, but closer to the origins of the Internet of Things: Machine to Machine, also known as M2M.
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Learn, Act and Engage
The world tries to align us into a well-formed path believed to guarantee success. Then, why aren’t there 7.8 billion success stories for it? Is this well-defined path just an illusion? Is there success in a unique path never chosen before? Well, this answer lies in the mind of the individual. We often neglect the brilliance of our mind, which has the power to create extraordinary things and contribute to sustainable outcomes through community engagement. To explain this idea in an organized way, we present you the learn, act and engage model.
This model helps an individual create an organized strategy plan for an idea and leads to your final destination. It can be shaped according to your creativity and ideas. It is not a guide that can help you to complete your puzzle, but it does tell you the pieces that will help you to complete the final puzzle.
Learn Research, Discuss and Lead
community engagement - learn
1. Research- If you come across an idea and feel directionless, do some study on your focus areas. The research you put at this stage gives you a sense of direction and clarity.
2. See things through a holistic approach- It is incredible to hear children speaking about their dreams and aspirations in their childhood. Their ideas reflect uniqueness and creativity. Then, why does this curiosity turn to disinterest and stress later? Do you feel we have a system that helps us build innovators, leaders, and peacemakers?
The holistic approach helps you extract meaning and purpose from your academics and the skills you have been taught. It helps you to innovate, create and become self-reliant. It focuses on the whole rather than on the fragmented parts. There are 8 dimensions of learning and focusing- intellectual,financial,socio-cultural,physical,emotional,environmental,occupational and spiritual.
Community engagement for holistic development
1. The 5W1H Model- This is a great strategy to give your idea a structure. It includes six categories- WHY, WHEN, WHERE, WHAT, WHO, and HOW. Each category must be filled, which helps you frame your idea and present all dimensions of your vision.
2. Spread Awareness- Once you are able to make people understand your idea, make it reach to the ones who will contribute to making it happen. This step just doesn’t simply happen on its own. The effort here is to make people believe in what you believe. Once you do this, the extraordinary things start to take care of themselves!
Become a Leader- Take the lead and plan. Brainstorm, discuss and take notes. Don’t forget to write things down. Writing down things gives us more clarity and helps to retain information better. Try experimenting with things and use the best potential of your team.
Act Volunteer, Empower and Create Change
community engagement - act
1. Volunteer- It is essential to stand up and speak what you feel. If you have an idea, regardless of how it will appear later, share it with others and get constructive feedback.
2. Make a change in society- The process of an idea taking shape to a working project takes a lot of hard work, dedication, and self-motivation. However, the satisfaction, in the end, is so enduring. This is empowering and makes you consistent in your efforts. Once you get this feeling, the people around you are empowered to give in their best and see the broader vision. The vision you have must align to creating an impact in society. The community engagement you do must help people become hopeful for a better future and work for the same.
3. To take Actions- It is the visual form of your plan. Act what is necessary for growth. The plan you make must be practical and in accordance with the present need in society. Engage with more people, explain to them why your idea is useful, take feedback and use it to progress ahead. A leader will learn from their setbacks and always try to move ahead. You may make changes here and there if you feel some things are not adding up to your progress.
Engage Provide Opportunities
community engagement - engage
1. The Rippling Effect- For instance, you see some empty packets scattered around the dustbin in a class. The teacher while teaching suddenly pays attention to it, picks the packets and throws them in the dustbin, and continuous teaching. Do you think it will induce some thought in the students? What would they think?
The immediate thought will be to throw things inside the dustbin and never outside it. Maybe if they see the same thing happening somewhere else, they would tell others to do the same.
Do you see a pattern being created?
This is called the Ripple effect. Each and every small act you do has an impact on someone else, and it is carried forward. Setting this chain has the power to change lives and helps in community engagement. Also, to more about Ripple effect and how it influences human emotions you can read this amazing study.
1. Provide Opportunities- Every opportunity is a stepping stone to progress! If you have the power to create change, then provide others the skill set that can instill independent thinking in them that helps them plan and execute things independently.
Make People Learn- The setbacks, failures you do while experimenting with your ideas add to your experience. This brings a great learning opportunity to the people around you. Let your team experiment, come up with new ideas, and do things differently. One must not set limits beforehand as it limits creativity as well.
Create the path in your style, do creative things, work with passion in your eyes and dedication in your mind. Do not stop until the very end, and success shall take care of itself and surprise you in many ways!
# BeLimitless #YAA
We would be applying this model in our upcoming Limitless Stree- Women Empowerment Program. It focuses on building digital skills and knowledge, taking actions to create a positive support system, and create community engagement. Join us to know more and work towards gender equality.
#communityengagement #learning #Volunteering
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Spiritual Tarot Readings (Rider Waite Tarot Deck,Swords)
This page is an index and is part of a Swords Spiritual Reading with the Rider Waite Tarot Deck. If you are reading this page by mistake you may prefer Interactive Online Tarot or if you looked for a Swords Spiritual Reading with the Rider Waite Deck try a search; everything has tags so search for “spiritual,rider waite,swords” and you should find what you want.
Faith, Spirituality Or Psychic Progression
Tarot is a tool that can hone the focus of your spirituality, faith or psychic progression. It encourages self-exploration and can produce some incredible results. Don’t ask an open-ended question with limitless answers, Tarot readings are more accurate when you focus your thoughts and intentions in a specific . For many people, this will involve a higher power, whether it be God, the universe, an angel, a spirit guide or another spiritual entity that offers guidance when needed. Aces in a spiritual reading indicate new beginnings.
The principle purpose of a spiritual reading is to awaken from the ego and it’s mind and to realize/remember who we truly are. Who are you? At the level of your higher or true self you are part of universal consciousness, eternal and perfect, a part of the divine. You are a spiritual being of divine essence that has manifested for a time here on earth in physical form to experience, encounter, love and share. The principle purpose of this spiritual tarot reading is therefore to remember who we truly are, to experience and see life through our higher selves which in turn opens our eyes to the beauty, joy and love all around.
Timing: When looking for time sensitive answers, Swords generally means moderately fast, often a matter of days to weeks.
The Original Rider Waite Tarot Deck is the most popular and widely used tarot card deck in the world, printed from plates that were destroyed during the bombing of London during World War II. Full of symbolism and deeper meanings, Arthur E. Waite, the intellectual father of the Rider Waite deck, commented that ‘the true Tarot is symbolism; it speaks no other language and offers no other signs.’
If a Swords card appears in you reading, heres what you need to know:
The Suit of Swords is associated with action, change, force, power, oppression, ambition, courage and conflict. Action can be both constructive and/or destructive, sometimes resulting in violence. This suit can also mean hatred, battle, and enemies, and of all the suits, this one is considered to be the most powerful and dangerous. The Suit of Swords deals with the mental level of consciousness that is centred around the mind and the intellect. Swords mirror the quality of mind present in your thoughts, attitudes, and beliefs. Swords themselves are double-edged and in this way the Suit of Swords symbolises the fine balance between intellect and power and how these two elements can be used for good or evil. As such, the Swords must be balanced by spirit (Wands) and feeling (Cups). The negative aspects of the Suit of Swords (i.e. when the Swords cards appear reversed) include anger, guilt, harsh judgement, a lack of compassion and verbal and mental abuse.
Ideas, communication, mental dexterity, mental challenges, talking, writing, truths/untruths.
This index hold a link to all pages for a Spiritual Tarot Readings Rider Waite Tarot Deck Swords. You will find many more tarot readings pages that will be of great help if you need tarot card meanings. Use the search at the bottom of the page. Please see our book suggestions below.
Here are some short extracts from my favorite books to give you a feel for the book.
Development for Beginners
Book Details
Development for Beginners: Are psychic abilities really possible? Why do some people have an unwavering belief in their veracity while others scoff at the very hint of their existence? Well, before we get into all of that, since you are reading this book, I assume it’s safe to say that you at least somewhat believe in the potential of psychic abilities, even if you are not entirely convinced
yet.
Tarot Books
Elements of the Psychic World: Even though spiritualism had its supporters it became clear that some sort of federation would help unite the churches and societies and assist them to win respect and recognition. In 1890 Britten championed the idea of a federation in her journal and a year later the Spiritualist National Federation was formed.
Elements of the Psychic World: Former official of the Episcopal Church in America who became a spiritualist after communication with his dead son. When the bishop died, messages were allegedly sent from him to mediums to support the case for life after death.
• Do get in touch if you looked for Spiritual Tarot Readings Rider Waite Tarot Deck Swords and you don’t see what you want. We would be more than happy to help. In the meantime do try our many interactive tarot readings online.
Portable Magic: Grimoire: A word from the French meaning ‘grammar.’ Literally, a copybook of practical magic written by a magician as an aid to memory, or as a way of passing on a system of ceremonial magic to a disciple. Grimoires are handwritten texts never intended for public reading, often put together in the form of brief comments
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Dealing with Stress without Hurting Your Teeth
The toll that the global pandemic has taken on our mental and emotional health is real, and unfortunately, it can have negative effects on our teeth as well. If you’ve developed new bad habits or physical oral reactions that you don’t typically experience, they could be a result of the stress you’ve been under. There are several ways stress and trauma can impact our oral health, and we hope the tips we provide here can be used as a tool to keep you comfortable and care for your dental health.
4 Ways Stress Impacts Dental Health
Be on the lookout for newly developed bad habits or habits you’d thought you’d once kicked but that have resurfaced. Unhealthy patterns are often stress-related. Likewise, our bodies and mouths can respond negatively to stress. Read on for natural oral reactions to stress that you can likely control with a little guidance.
Grinding Teeth
Teeth grinding when you sleep is a common response to stress. How does it harm your oral health? In addition to making your jaw sore and damaging your teeth, severe cases can even break or loosen teeth. If the stress-management techniques at the end of this article do not reduce the stress that is causing your teeth grinding, we would be happy to make you a mouth guard to wear while you sleep.
Clenched Jaw
Teeth grinding and jaw clenching can lead to swelling and stiffness in your temporomandibular joints (TMJ) which are what we use to move our lower jaw. If you’re experiencing clicking, popping, and pain for the first time, you may have developed a TMJ disorder. First, attempt to manage the stress that is causing your clenching and grinding, and eat a soft diet. If that doesn’t ease your discomfort, contact our office.
Comfort Foods
It’s not uncommon to subconsciously develop the habit of finding comfort in food during times of stress. Chips and other starchy snacks can lead to plaque buildup. And bacteria in your mouth love to use sugary treats, alcohol, and sports drinks to produce acids that attack your enamel. Hard candies and ice put your teeth at risk for dental emergencies, such as chipped or broken teeth. Citric fruits and juices erode enamel and make your teeth more susceptible to decay. Constant exposure to too much of any of these foods can be harmful to your teeth.
Smokey Solace
If you’ve developed a habit of smoking to cope with the stress of the pandemic, you’re not alone. But it’s important you’re aware of the havoc it can wreak on your oral health in addition to your overall health. The adverse effects smoking can have on your mouth range from oral cancer, periodontal disease, bone loss, and discoloration of your teeth to increased levels of bacteria that hide out in pockets that smoking creates between the teeth and gums. As plaque and bacteria begin to grow, gum disease, bad breath, tooth decay, and other dental issues can result.
Healthier Ways to Deal with Stress
The following suggestions for dealing with dealing with stress in a healthy way do not have to be added to your routine all at once. Take some time alone for yourself and implement what you can. Start today.
• Identify what it is that stresses you. Naming it gives you power over it.
• Make a list of your responsibilities and put them in order of importance.
• Practice meditation and deep breathing.
• Talk with someone you trust.
• Exercise daily.
• Get 7 to 8 hours of sleep every night.
Stress is a natural response to COVID-19, but it is crucial that we find healthy ways to cope. Taking care of yourself is more important than ever right now. So, minimize the amount of time you spend on your phone each day, care for your body, make time to unwind, and stay connected with others. Your mental, physical, and oral health deserve attention, so make self-care a priority today.
Call us: 919-781-8984
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Some of the business dailies in India have carried news that Bajaj Auto has further increased its stake in KTM upto nearly 47%. The extra shares that Bajaj has acquired through its Netherlands based Bajaj Holdings BV apparently came from the market. In the past KTM has categorically said that it will keep at least 51% of the shares and not cede control to anyone else. If indeed this news is true than Bajaj will come close to the 49% that can be acquired. The question then will be about Bajaj attempting a hostile take over of KTM. Usually such things are subjects for movies and have little to do with reality so that is an unlikely scenario.
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Should I Pay My Employees for Travel Time?
In order to carry out their normal work obligations, employees often travel for a certain amount of time away from home. It can be due to a client contract in a different state or country or because a worker is required to teach employees in an interstate office on a program.
While not everyone likes the early commute to work, for some employees, it is an unavoidable aspect of their job. You should compensate your employees fairly for any task that requires them to travel to locations other than their regular place of work.
This post discusses the guidelines for working while traveling and the need to calculate all costs, reimbursements accurately, and allowances. So let's get started.
Specifying how the travel expenses will be compensated if you have employees who must travel for work as part of their duties is crucial. Here are a few examples:
• The employer gives the employee property for business-related travel, such as a company car, vouchers, or fuel card.
• The company covers travel costs by making advance reservations and lodging, food, and transportation payments.
• Alternatively, the employer pays the employee's travel costs in advance and reimburses them afterward; or
• The employee is given a travel allowance or a lump sum payment to offset the expected travel expenditures.
Let your staff members know whatever approach you decide to use for your organisation. You should also consider if an employee should be allowed to use company property for personal or work purposes only.
Stipend or Allowances
Nowadays, almost all awards and certain enterprise agreements include a vehicle or travel allowance to compensate workers for paying for travel expenses. You should urge employees to maintain a thorough logbook of their work-related travel as this is sometimes expressed as a per-kilometre charge.
This includes keeping track of the odometer at the outset and finishing each trip to ensure you're giving them a suitable allowance. You could choose to add a vehicle allowance to the annualised pay amount for your salaried employees.
Estimating the employee's annual mileage will be necessary, which might not always be simple to determine. If you're uncertain, round it up again. When it only amounts to a few cents per mile, the last thing you want is to file an underpayment claim.
Ensure to instruct your employees to collect and save receipts for expenditures that must be provided to the company before reimbursement is granted. Moreover, we recommend you set up a policy defining what constitutes fair and unjustified costs, or, if you prefer, one that involves upfront business approval of all expenses.
Travel Period
Travel time for business reasons should be reimbursed since it falls under the same category of duties as taking calls, creating reports, and offering customer support. However, the expense of travel to and from work is often carried by the employees themselves, so there is no need to compensate for this.
Some awards or enterprise agreements have exceptions, such as when an employee is temporarily transferred from their primary place of employment. Before choosing to cover such travel expenses, review the applicable award or agreement.
Calculating Travel Time to Work
One of the significant concerns of company owners with travel time compensation is calculating it so that payments are accurate, efficient, and equitable. RosterElf is a time clock software that lets you quickly and automatically keep tabs on your workforce's whereabouts and working hours.
It can also help you manage the intricacies of overtime compensation, arrange rostering and scheduling of your employees, reduce travel time, and ensure that everyone can focus on the tasks that truly matter.
RosterElf: Rostering Made Easy
RosterElf’s cloud-based payroll and rostering software truly is a game-changer. Say goodbye to roster conflicts and chase employees for their availability to work. Instead, employees can easily update their availability to work and notify managers about it through a smartphone app.
Staff set the times and days they can work, and RosterElf does the rest. Our software then automatically suggests available employees to fill shifts.
What are you waiting for? Time to take your rostering and payroll game to the next level and boost your business’ performance. Call us now at 1300 353 000, and our team will be more than happy to assist you.
To get a clearer view of how our app works, enjoy 30-day access to our tool for free!
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“Exquisite. The Reason I Jump will change how you think.”- Fionnuala Halligan, Screen Daily
Starts January 8
Based on the best-selling book by Naoki Higashida, later translated into English by author David Mitchell (Cloud Atlas), The Reason I Jump is an immersive cinematic exploration of neurodiversity through the experiences of nonspeaking autistic people from around the world. The film blends Higashida’s revelatory insights into autism, written when he was just 13, with intimate portraits of five remarkable young people. It opens a window for audiences into an intense and overwhelming, but often joyful, sensory universe.
Moments in the lives of each of the characters are linked by the journey of a young Japanese boy through an epic landscape; narrated passages from Naoki’s writing reflect on what his autism means to him and others, how his perception of the world differs, and why he acts in the way he does: the reason he jumps. The film distills these elements into a sensually rich tapestry that leads us to Naoki’s core message: not being able to speak does not mean there is nothing to say.
Directed by Jerry Rothwell. 2020. 82 minutes
Price: $12.00 (50% of proceeds support The Roxie Theater)
Rental Period: 48 hours.
Technical Support: Have a question about your rental? Read this FAQ.
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The Maratonina dei Tre Comuni (German: Halbmarathon der Drei Gemeinden) is a half marathon race held in the Provincia autonoma di Bolzano - Alto Adige (German: Autonome Provinz Bozen - Südtirol, English: South Tyrol), an autonomous province in the far north of Italy.
The route begins in Laives (German: Leifers) and ends in Bronzolo (Branzoll), which is approximately four kilometres further south.
As far as we know, the event was last held on 23 October 2016, with 210 runners and seven handbikers finishing the race.
(Last update: June 2020)
Map of the venue:
Race review and event details:
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d me on the cheek.
“――Libaren ・ Pyrosmaragda――”
With that whisper, her tongue crawls around my neck with hot breath, licks my nipples, licks my navel, and then drops back down to my lower abdomen.
The quiet cell was filled with the lustful sound of flapping and spluttering.
I told Abigail of my travel plans, as well as my final plan to remove the self-destruct mechanism lodged in the side of my head.
I need to get her to help me.
Or rather, her work is going to be quite important.
I can't do it alone.
Abigail listened to me with a grim expression at first, but in the end she nodded her head in agreement.
–Leave it to me.–
–I'll leave it to you.–
I told her, and she pressed her lips to my bared gums.
So I opened my mouth to stretch my tongue.
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Abigail's vagina squeaked and tightened.
Seeing No.5 up close had quite a visual impact, I think.
I could hear a menacing ticking sound coming from inside my mouth.
Abigail glared at No.5 and caught my outstretched tongue.
Stop that.–
That was not intentional…….
The conversation about the plan was over.
That day, I held Abigail quietly in my arms.
In my arms, all she could talk about was what would happen after the plan succeeded.
–So where are we going?–
Anywhere, I replied, though I felt like killing every last one of them.
–Shall we go to the ocean? I would like to see the ocean ……
Or, better yet, let's go to another world.
It's called Mifosis, right? I know it's a lot of effort, but it would be exciting to start all over again.–
Abigail looked very calm as she adjusted her movements.
It was the most fun I'd ever seen her have.
I move as slowly as I can so that she can concentrate on her story.
–Gevaudan knows a lot about nature, doesn't he? You must have lived in nature for a long time.
With you, I don't have to worry about where I' m going.–
–Aren't you afraid, Abigail?–
She stopped moving and looked at me.
–If I screw up and I die, you'll be in this jail until the end of your life.–
Not just in jail, but in the worst possible future.
Abigail's expression faltered cheerfully.
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–Then I'll die, too.
There's no point in living any longer.
You' ll do what you have to do, and if you fail, I'll tear off my collar and die with Gevaudan.
I told you we were meant to be ……
partners, didn't I?–
–You don't mind if Titania goes with us, do you?–
Abigail's brow furrowed quietly at my words.
–So her name is Titania.–
I confessed Titania's name.
Abigail's lips quivered for a moment as if she wanted to say something, but she quickly closed her mouth and swallowed it all.
–Of course……but I'm with you, aren't I? Let's go somewhere far away together.–
Somewhere far away…….
If we go far enough, there will be no revenge, no killing.
With Titania and Abigail there, I wonder if the magma of resentment boiling in the depths of my stomach will eventually cool down.
I'll think about it again after I go somewhere far away.
Even so, it may be okay.
I carefully conquered Abigail's white body.
I loosened her body as if I were a masseuse, and then gently coated every part of her body, from the space between her toes to the tips of her hair, with my white liquid as if I were replacing all of her cells, and fucked her long and slow until she was on the verge of losing consciousness.
Instead of being intense, the slow and relentless pumping motion continued unrelentingly even as Abigail was on the verge of orgasm.
I made Abigail drink every last drop of my ejaculate, and then I stood up.
In the mirror, the Butcher's red eyeballs were glowing with the dark-red light.
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There are many types of different metal and wooden squeegees out there in the world. On we have both Ergo force and wooden squeegees. Many of our screen printers enjoy using both, but that is all based on how you use them.
One of the differences is that you have to assemble the Ergo force squeegee. At the bottom of this article, we have provided a very helpful guide on how to set up your ergo force squeegee as well as showing the comparison and contrast between the ergo force handle and the wooden squeegee.
Once you’ve got your Ergo Force Squeegee assembled, let’s do some 1 to 1 comparison between the 2. If you at any time may need to set your squeegee down or perhaps you have got a large amount of ink on your squeegee, you may simply sit it up, as for the wooden squeegee, it can’t do that. If you are pushing or pulling the Ergo Force handle, you may notice that it is longer on the back side. The reason for this is to provide more strength when you are using more force onto it automatically. So, that’s the squeegee doing more work for the squeegee.
Wooden Squeegee
As for the wooden handle, there is a lot of extra area between the squeegee and the end of the actual blade itself, which causes some downfall when you are pushing or pulling on it. Now, how many of you have been printing and dropped your squeegee handle into the ink? Well, we’ve provided a metal bar that you insert directly under the blade in the handle. What this does is it stop the squeegee handle from landing on your masterpiece of ink artwork.
Ergo Force Handle
With the Ergo force, you can go a little faster while pulling the squeegee and cause a better and more defined consistency and it’s mainly because the squeegee is working more for you instead the other way around. You will then notice that the blade itself is not as bendy which provides more of a smooth cut. As for the wooden one because of the extra back support, that is provided. When you begin to push, you will notice as well as when you pulled than when you push, your wrists are a lot more comfortable and fit onto that Ergo force squeegee rather than having them to be so stiff when you use the wooden squeegee.
As screen printers, you tend to get ink on your fingers which cause an ink masquerade on your squeegee handle. The ergo force handle is pretty impressive because it’s an easy clean job with just using a cleaning wipe to keep it clean. Compared to a wooden squeegee, it may be tough to clean ink off of it.
The Ergo Force is highly recommended. It’s going to pace up your cleaning process; it will speed up a lot of things as well for you when you get to the press, and it’s just a great alternative to the wooden squeegees.
Need a squeegee? Done. Ryonet has all your screen printing needs covered!
The post Squeegee Comparison: Ergo Force Handle vs. Wooden Handle appeared first on Ryonet Blog.
ClassesErgo force squeegeeProduct reviewsScreen printing educationSqueegee
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SEMANOOR | Projects
vExpo application offers an instantly ready self-service platform, allowing anyone with the authorized version of this application supported with Internet connection to create virtual conferences and trade shows capable of handling hundreds of attendees in a full 3D Immersive space.
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Loon Mountain Resort
Updated: Apr 5
Loon Mountain in New Hampshire is a ski resort close to major cities in all directions. This resort is known for its chairlift that seats eight people and is heated. I have some tips on making this trip cheaper for yourself and some helpful mountain info.
Where to Stay
Simply enough, if you are looking to save some money, do not stay at the resort. You will need to be driving to get to a place like this anyway, so staying a little further away will save you some money. We stayed at the Days Inn in Lincoln, New Hampshire. This option was about 8 mins away from the slopes and only cost us $230 for a two-night stay, which was a perfect deal compared to staying at the mountain. The hotel came with a complimentary breakfast each day and was enough for our needs. I also signed up for the Wyndham rewards so that if I have more stays at any of their locations, I can save up points or get discounts. The room had a mini-fridge and microwave. This allowed us to bring our food from home to cut costs even more.
Loon Mountain
My best advice is to get to the slopes at 7:30 am. The mountain is known for filling up all of its parking and turning people away. The Saturday, we got there around 7:45 am, most of the main parking lot was already full. The main lot is nice to park in because it is in between the two main lifts; the gondola and the 8-person lift.
The kancamagus 8 chair; is the main reason we wanted to check out this resort. This chair is the true meaning of luxury and being spoiled. This chairlift can bus people quickly to the top. It is not only a sheltered chair with a bubble, but the seats are also heated. It is such a comfortable ride. When we went on Sunday, it was pouring rain, and that chair made all the difference for getting in more runs.
I would say, however, they need someone to make sure 8 people get onto each chair. It seems funny, but the lines are not as long as they seem; they would move much faster if the chair were at the actual capacity. People cannot count to 8, so adding a person to direct people in the lift line would help them a lot at this lift.
The gondola at the resort is a 4 person gondola that brings you further than any other lift at the mountain. The lines move quickly, which I know is a concern for many people. While I was in the lines, I did not feel like I was waiting a while.
The resort boasts 61 trails, and when we went, there was about 57 open. We made 45 trails on our first day, not knowing the mountain. It was a bluebird day, and day tickets were sold out. It is easy to lap the mountain, and the lines do not affect much. We skied from 8 am - 2 pm. We probably could have skied all of the trails, but in the afternoon, it was brushed and what was left was primarily green trails.
Ikon Update
I understand that Ikon pass holders who wish to travel here next season will have to make a reservation first. That is a good idea considering the size of the mountain and the parking issues the mountain is facing.
Base Lodge Food
We had lunch at the Pemigewasset Base Camp. This is located at South Peak. The lodge had a variety of foods for kids and adults. I had a hard time here because everything, and I mean everything contained dairy. I was so surprised that even the salads had cheese or croutons (usually dairy). I was lucky enough that the chili they had that day had no dairy: but that was the only option, and if you were vegan, there would be no options for you. I was told to try a different lodge for more options. Personally, if the lodge is at the base and has road access, there isn't much excuse for not having multiple food options for all common allergens.
If we come back, I will pack my own food now that I know. So, if you have an allergy be aware that there won't be many options and plan accordingly.
There are shuttles at the resort that will take you from location to location. Some are actual school busses, and some are modified busses. It is impressive they have transportation to make it easier on guests. The one remark I would suggest is that they put a sign, saying which busses go where. The yellow busses will bring you to south peak, but the blue busses won't. Having a sign with a map would make it easier for guests to know which bus they need to get on to go where they want to go.
It is a lovely mountain with some excellent features. It is accessible for many people coming from all directions. Their new lift is a sight to see; I recommend coming if you are a new to intermediate skier. Advanced skiers will quickly lap the mountain trails and woods and might run out of places to go.
They have some pretty epic features and a half-pipe if you like terrain parks. Excellent practice spot for you future Olympians.
Check out Loon Mountain: https://www.loonmtn.com/
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Ouch!’Death by PowerPoint.’ That’s the commonly used term. Yet Mr Gates’ programme itself is not inherently evil and why you can do better without slides.
Jim Nelson, a man who served as a translator between the American and Russian troops in Bosnia, tells a story about the Russians watching with bemused fascination as their unlikely allies designed their slides. One nonplussed Russian famously said, “If we ever had a war, while you are working on your PowerPoint, we would be killing you.”
Yet Mr Gates’ programme itself is not inherently evil. Nor, for that matter, is the atomic bomb, poison gas or timeshare salespeople. It is simply how they are inflicted upon society that does it, and through no fault of its own, PowerPoint has been used to visit more pain on professional people, in a shorter space of time, than global recession and multilevel marketing combined.
Wikipedia estimates that PP is used around 350 times per second globally. In other words, blink, and nearly five hundred audiences have been exposed to it. As self-propagating systems go, PowerPoint looks at ISIS and sneers, ‘Amateurs!’
Brigadier-General Herbert McMaster, of the United States Army, famously banned the use of PowerPoint in briefings, saying that they negatively affected the decision-making process by misrepresenting ideas, essentially because the way in which ideas are arranged in slides ‘forces’ a certain kind of thinking and perception.
NASA did something similar.
One of PowerPoint’s great downfalls is that, no matter how well you use its myriad neat tricks, everyone else is using it too. And so even the most trained and effective PowerPoint devotees are merely marginally more developed sheep.
As a professional speaker, I’ve spotted a few distinct advantages to presenting without slides. In this article, I’d like to share them with you. In the next two to follow, I’ll propose some truly nifty replacements, because my goal is not just to rob you of a tool, but to replace it with much more effective ones.
I count seven distinct advantages to avoiding PowerPoint when you speak and present:
1. By not using it, you’ll stand out from the crowd
I’ve heard more than one audience applaud when a speaker says, ‘I won’t be using PowerPoint today.’ Many of the world’s top professional speakers specifically avoid it, and are nevertheless paid in the tens of thousands of dollars, which should really tell us something. The value is not in the slides. And as we say in the world of professional speaking, ‘You are the focus, not your visual aids.’
2. Slide-free speech enhances the level of connection with your audience
Without a distraction over your shoulder, your audience will feel the full electrical crackle of human animation. You will engage with them, lead them on a journey, charm them and make them feel like they’ve just had an enjoyable conversation with you. There will be eye contact, connection and a living relationship, whereas the audiences of PowerPoint die-hards will feel only a close approximation of life; sort of ‘Frankenstein’s Monster.’
3. It changes your voice
Ever received that intrusive phone call from a telemarketer around dinnertime? Ever been able to tell beyond all doubt that the person is reading a script at you? The patterns of speech are not authentic.
The sample applies when we use rigid PowerPoint guidelines. Our patterns of speech become boxed in by the restraints of the format and we rob ourselves of the very fire and conviction that is the heart and soul of public speaking. Speaking is much more an auditory art than a visual one. The best speakers make it visual through their storytelling skills, not by showing an object, or worse, ‘words’, on a screen.
4. It makes you more agile
Dumping PowerPoint gives you agility. A speaker stuck to slides can be a terrible thing, for he must cover everything in the slide deck or appear foolish.
Yet when you are not being propelled by slides, you are able to customise your information to that audience and that moment. Someone else said what you wanted to say? No problem. Dump that bit. Something interesting happened in the room? Customise your talk to include it. It’s as though you have a blank page, and as such, you can be infinitely more creative. Crucially, you will sound like you are speaking directly to them, rather than ‘going through the motions.’
Moreover, you won’t be forced to go overtime as a result of having too many slides. Because you are able to edit on the fly, you can chop out whole swathes of irrelevant info, get to the heart of your message, and speak to time-constraints. People love speakers who keep to time. They buy flowers for them, write songs about them, fling panties and immortalise their busts in stone.
5. It reduces your stress
Inexperienced presenters tend to assume that not having a PowerPoint ‘guide’ would make their job more stressful, not less. This is not true. Using PowerPoint effectively constitutes an additional skill-set. In other words, PowerPoint represents one more thing for you to be thinking about, when you should be thinking about connecting and persuading.
Also, consider this: If you arrive late for a presentation, and have to set up your PowerPoint show, you have added a dimension of stress to the introduction, and a significant one at that. You have complicated the logistics. Also, it’s not uncommon for the equipment to ‘fight back,’ refusing to cooperate and rendering you PowerPoint-less anyway. If you had intended to use PowerPoint, and then for some reason discovered that you were not able to, you would be worse off than if you had simply prepared not to use it at all.
The PowerPoint-free speaker enjoys a wonderful level of freedom and simplicity. She can simply arrive, stroll to the front of the room and begin.
6. You will enjoy your presentations more
Believe me. There is nothing quite like the natural high of being ‘in the zone’ and having an audience hanging on your every word. PowerPoint slides do not allow you the time and space to get into the zone. They restrict your speaking style to a stop-start, chunk-at-a-time motion. They destroy natural rhythm, which is one part of eloquence.
Yes, they provide a guideline. But they provide the guideline at the cost of oratory form. It’s like giving an audience a set, steady drum-beat, because that’s easy to remember and follow, rather than giving them Beethoven, which is infinitely more free, infinitely more inspiring.
Give them Beethoven. They’ll love you for it.
7. You’ll get to see your family at night
Preparing slides can be monstrously, disastrously time-consuming. That’s not a big deal for a professional speaker, who might present the finished product hundreds, or event thousands of times in future, legitimising his or her time-investment.
But for the average person, who has but one talk to prepare, it can entail hours, even days of preparation. And the preparation is, itself, a false investment in time. You are not actively working on persuasive things to say and clever techniques by which to say them. The hours of design work are merely design work, not prep-work. You end up tinkering with settings, which are secondary. Persuasion is primary.
It’s just not a get-stuff-done-quickly sort of programme. And sadly, our society has begun to attach disproportionate importance to the very act of creating PowerPoint slides, as though this somehow equated to productivity. It does not. Preparing slides is a distraction.
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The Best in Pulmonary Medicine
Nicholas J. Gross, MD, PhD
January 19, 2011
In This Article
Efficacy and Safety of Low Dose Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator for the Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism: A Randomized, Multicenter, Controlled Trial
Wang C, Zhai Z, Yang Y, et al.
Chest. 2010;137:254-262
Study Summary
Recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) has been in clinical use since 1996, during which time several dosing regimens have been explored and tested. The currently recommended dose for massive pulmonary embolism is 100 mg administered over 2 hours.[48] However, the therapeutic margin of rt-PA is not large, and the danger of hemorrhage, particularly intracranial hemorrhage, is ever-present. The present study aimed to determine whether a smaller dose than recommended (50 mg) would be as effective as, and possibly safer than, the currently recommended dose. In a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial in Beijing, China, 118 patients with massive pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) received either 100 mg or 50 mg of rt-PA over 2 hours. Efficacy outcomes were echocardiographic evidence of improvement in right ventricular function, improvement in perfusion defects on lung V/Q scans, or improvements in pulmonary artery obstruction by CT angiograms. Safety endpoints were monitored for 14 days and included mortality, hemorrhage, and recurrence of PTE.
The results were that improvements in each of the efficacy outcomes were indistinguishable. The number of deaths were 3 and 1 in the higher-dosage vs lower-dosage groups, and were related to either the initial PTE or hemorrhage. Major bleeding tended to be less in the 50-mg rt-PA group; overall 3% of patients in the 50-mg group had major bleeding vs 10% in the 100-mg group. Subgroup analysis by body mass index (BMI) revealed no difference between rt-PA dosages with respect to efficacy outcomes. However, bleeding events in patients with body weight > 65 kg or BMI > 25 were significantly less frequent in the 50-mg rt-PA group (8.7% vs 42.9%, P < .014). The investigators concluded that the lower dose of rt-PA, 50 mg, is appropriate for the management of PTE.
Pulmonary thromboembolism is a serious problem that confronts pulmonologists as well as other internists and primary caregivers.[49] The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute estimates that in 1998 there were 650,000 cases and 9000 fatalities from PTE.[50] The currently approved dose was arrived at in 1988 from a very small study, only 44 patients, that compared rt-PA with an alternative agent, urokinase, and that showed their equivalence.[51] Since then, various dosage regimens, different total dosages, and different administration rates have been explored. The present trial represents the first head-to-head trial of a lower dose. The findings support the suggestion of Wang and colleagues that a half-dose of rt-PA is as effective as the recommended 100-mg dose and may be safer, particularly in the heavier patient. Before that conclusion is accepted, however, several aspects need to be considered.
The study was relatively small and needs to be replicated in a larger group. Two thirds of the enrollees only had anatomic imaging evidence of PTE and may not have actually needed any rt-PA. Perhaps the most important consideration is that the trial was conducted entirely with Chinese patients. Given the known genetic, metabolic, morphologic, and even dietary differences between Asian and non-Asian populations, the present results may not be generalizable to other patients. However, the apparent reduction in bleeding problems with a smaller dose, particularly in heavier patients, is most interesting and a consideration that will resonate with many caregivers. It may change clinical practice with further experience.
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Ransomware attacks and protection tips
Ransomware attacks and protection tips
Ransomware attacks and protection tips
Ransomware is a type of computer virus that encrypts then locks data or structures, averting the user from retrieving them. By encrypting records besides systems, it grasps them hostage. After paying the ransom, the victim receives the decryption key, allowing him to access the locked data or systems (showing in Fig 1).
Ransomware has worried individuals and, more importantly, companies for more than 30 years. Worse, they’ve developed over time into more advanced and sophisticated threats [1][2]. Ransomware is one of the most serious threats in the digital world, according to the FBI and Europol. Certainly, the European agency claims that ransomware has been a major cybercrime concern for some years. According to the US government, there were around 2,474 ransomware attacks worldwide in 2020, resulting in losses of more than USD 29 million.
Ransomware attacks and protection tips
How Ransomware Works
The technology link with the customer, email system, and the technology connection with the providers are the three main entrance points where ransomware may disrupt the business operations. We have a direct access point to ransomware assaults through the consumers if we have customer-facing web servers for the e-commerce or VPN. Second, ransomware may be delivered by spam emails containing Word or Excel attachments, or via RDP brute force assaults. Third, owing to their lack of attentiveness, certain companies in the supply chain may find themselves unable to provide or fully reconcile with us, as a result of a ransomware assault on their systems [3].
Groundbreaking Ransomware Attacks : There are quite a lot of ransomware attacks that took place earlier this year [4]. Some of these are;
CNA : On March 21, a ransomware assault targeted one of the country’s largest insurance companies, triggering a network outage. CNA called it a “sophisticated cyberattack” in a statement on its website, and said it took “rapid action by proactively disconnecting systems” from the CNA network out of an abundance of caution.
Applus : Applus Technologies, which offers testing equipment to state vehicle inspection stations, was hit by ransomware at the end of March, causing its systems to be down for weeks. Inspection services were brought offline in a number of states as a result of the attack.
Colonial Pipeline : DarkSide, the hacking gang that hacked Colonial Pipeline, also targeted Brenntag, a chemical distribution firm, around the same time in early May 2021. DarkSide sought the equivalent of $7.5 million in bitcoin after obtaining 150 GB of data. Brenntag eventually gave in to the demands and paid $4.4 million. Despite being less than half of the initial demand, it remains one of the largest ransomware payments in history.
Acer : In May of this year, the Revile hacking gang, which was also responsible for an attack on London foreign exchange business Travelex, targeted the computer maker Acer. The ransom of $50 million was the greatest known to date. To get access to Acer’s information, malicious hackers exploited a weakness in a Microsoft Exchange server, leaking photos of crucial financial papers and spreadsheets.
NBA : Ransomware attacks target businesses and organizations across a wide range of industries. The National Basketball Association was one of the more surprise entries on the list this year (NBA). The hacking organization Babuk claimed to have obtained 500 GB of secret data about the Houston Rockets in mid-April of this year. If their demands were not granted, Babuk stated that these sensitive records, including financial information and contracts, would be made public. No ransom payments have been made as of this writing.
New generation product solution : Traditional antivirus software is elevated to a new, sophisticated degree of endpoint security protection with Next-Generation Antivirus [5][6]. Neridio is a new generation of anti-ransomware software, providing tips to be prevented from the Ransome attack showing in Fig 2.
Ransomware attacks and protection tips
Ransomware Protection
This new-generation anti-ransomware is a system-centric, cloud-based approach, it drives out there established file-created malware signatures besides heuristics. It blends threat intelligence with predictive analytics powered by machine learning and artificial intelligence to:
• Malware and file less non-malware assaults are detected and prevented.
• Unknown sources of malicious activity and TTPs should be identified.
• To uncover fundamental causes, collect and evaluate detailed endpoint data.
• Respond to previously unnoticed new and developing dangers.
Conclusion : Ransomware assaults exist in a variety of sizes and shapes, and they take many different forms. The attack vector has an impact on the type of ransomware used. When calculating the scale and breadth of an attack, it’s critical to keep in mind what’s at stake or what data may be wiped or disclosed. Regardless of the type of ransomware, backing up data and correctly deploying security measures may significantly reduce the severity of an attack.
With the Facebook rebranding to META, a new horizon of technology has taken over the world. With its introduction, META has brought tons of opportunities in almost all fields. Meta is just a representation of “Metaverse” where physical limits of the world are stretched to a whole new level of virtuality and everything becomes abstract. META surely has influenced and will continue to influence the thinking and mentality of people in today’s world. Following are the most significant opportunities to get into metaverse in its initial stage.
The creation of Meta has flooded the market with job opportunities in every field. It is estimated that Facebook alone would create 10,000 new job positions along with other companies like IMB, Microsoft to generate even more opportunities. It can be easily said that Meta will act as a launchpad for the growth of people who are highly determined to achieve big in their lives.
Since it is in the developmental phase, it is prime time for the developers to get along with META to work on the development of the virtual space and get the most of it. Programmers are the ones building the foundation of metaverse so developers must adapt to this new technology and build their skills accordingly.
Games, yes you heard it right, are the new cool thing in the world of the metaverse. Metaverse is a virtual world that can be considered as an escape from the real world and people tend to seek joy and happiness in it. Games and the development of games are extremely vital for survival in the metaverse. For this very reason, gaming giants like Rockstar and Ubisoft have already started working on this prospect speedily.
META has given an exponential boost to the growth of cryptocurrency. With the digital world, metaverse, taking over in a decade or so, the use case of digital currency has strengthened to a level that it is getting acceptance in the real world as well. With the rebrand of META, it has launched its coin for trading in the digital world. An overall boost of around 300% is seen in in-game coins like MANA, SAND etc.
The idea of metaverse has increased the value of digital assets like NFTs manifold. Non-Fungible Tokens, commonly known as NFTs, are digital assets of which the owner has all the legal and trademark rights in the digital world. Every NFT has a specific code that shows its ownership.
The prospect and actual potential of the metaverse is still unknown as it has not been analyzed completely and can’t be determined until its launch but it can be easily said that Metaverse will functionally act the same as the real world where people will trade assets, properties, celebrate festivals, open superstores, create and play games, and much more. Who knows what else will come along during the development of metaverse but it has for sure given us a lot of opportunities and shown us a world we always believed impossible to achieve.
SAP Fiori Analytics for S/4 HANA
SAP Fiori Analytics for S/4 HANA
SAP Fiori Analytics for S/4 HANA
Analytics is used extensively today. Main purpose of analytics is to keep you updated with real-time information about your business operations. Organizations are taking steps to implement analytics into its arsenal to ease the process.
The same can be said for SAP, known best for their different types of Cloud editions. Their HANA business suite includes a very powerful SAP Fiori Analytics app. If you are unfamiliar with it, no need to worry. Here’s all you know about the SAP Fiori Analytics application!
SAP Fiori Analytics Application – A Quick Dive
• What is SAP Fiori Analytics App?
The SAP Fiori Analytics app is used to monitor your business’ important KPIs. This is the real-time information that you need to make better decisions for your organization. The application offers you complete customization with a variety of useful tools. Thanks to SAP, you get 15 analytics applications.
The Analytics app can only execute on SAP HANA databases. It distinguishes itself from other applications that can run on any database. The SAP Fiori leverages the XS engine by using virtual data models. It works on the following two components:
o SMART business content
o HANA Live APPS for Business Suite
• Features of SAP Fiori Analytics Application
Following are the tools and features that you can use with the SAP Fiori Analytics application:
1. Customizable Fields
Many such applications allow you to add custom fields and logic into the mix. However, SAP Fiori Analytics has User Extensibility tools that take this feature to the next level. You can add new fields to applications and objects. Moreover, you can customize the ones that are already present in the source table.
2. Custom Analytical Queries
The SAP application includes CDS views. They belong to the “cube” category, which is solely released for customer usage. It is used as a fully customizable data source. You can also publish it as a variant.
Creating a query is also comparatively easier in the SAP Fiori Analytics application.
3. Smart Business KPIs
If you want to upscale your business, you will need better strategies. For better planning, you will need more accurate information. You can only get that with an analytics application, which offers the most efficient information.
With precise metrics, you can strategize better and set goals for your organization. The concept of smart KPIs refers to all the tools that offer you a clearer view of your business operations.
4. Analytical List Report
The Analytical List Report (ALP) allows you to identify specific areas within datasets. This can be used for data visualization when upscaling your business or creating a strategy. Luckily, all of these business intelligence options are available with the SAP Fiori Analytics application, giving it a significant upper hand.
When choosing any application, it is best to know it’s in and outs. This way, you can get a better grip on it and use it for advanced operations. As for SAP Fiori Analytics, we have covered all its essential details in this article that you should know before getting started.
Intelligent Automation in Banking
Intelligent automation
Intelligent automation
Intelligent automation (IA) or Robotic process automation (RPA) is a comparatively new machine learning topic that is rapidly gaining prominence. It states to the usage of software robots or other cybernetic helpers that have been designed to do repetitive and time-consuming tasks.
Worldwide banks spend 6 -10% of their on compliance costs. Financial Industry spends $181B annually to maintain financial crime compliance. Since 2008 U.S banks are fined $243B due to non-compliance. IA can help a lot to decrease such fines and costs in Banking.
Robotics is defined in banking and finance to:
• Decrease human intervention.
• Improve process as per federal regulations.
• Create a virtual assistant of artificial intelligence.
Banking Industry
Fig 1
In the banking business, RPA is a beneficial implement for addressing the banking sector’s (showing in Fig 1), persistent strains and assisting them in exploiting their efficiency via decreasing costs through the services concluded software paradigm. According to recent research, the financial services RPA business will be rate a stunning $2.9 billion in 2022, a huge rise beginning $250 million in 2016 [1].
Banking Automation’s Power
Robotic process automation may be used by banks and finance organizations to lessen human labor, upsurge acquiescence, condense risk, besides progress the overall client involvement. Moreover, since no extra setup is obligatory, the low-code technique styles automation suitable for banks besides financial foundations. In the banking industry, RPA’s main purpose is to help with the processing of repeated banking procedures. RPA benefits banks and financial foundations rise productivity by fetching clients in real-time then taking use of robots’ for various benefits [2].
RPA is a complex process that involves substantial personnel training, organized inputs, and oversight. If set of connections and employed appropriately, these RPA-constructed banking robots may assume comprehensive control of the system actions, including ticking then starting programs, sending emails, and copying and thrashing information after one financial system to alternative [3].
RPA benefiting the Banking sectors
[Figure 2] depicts a number of distinct uses in this sector. Since then, RPA has been applied to a variety of business process automation ventures. We’ll go through a few of the advantages here:
RPA in Banking
Fig 2
1. Reports are generated automatically
Suspicious activity reports, or SARs, are needed for banks and financial institutions to create compliance reports for fraudulent activities. Nonetheless, it’s a tedious procedure that takes a long time and effort to finish. RPA technology can trawl through this extensive compliance paperwork with natural language producing skills before extracting the essential data and submitting the SAR [4].
2. On-boarding of new customers
In banks, customer on-boarding is a lengthy and drawn-out procedure. Several papers, in particular, need manual authentication. RPA can style the procedure informal by using optical character recognition to gather data from KYC documents. This data may formerly be compared to the data on condition that, by the client on the system. RPA automation in client on-boarding not solitary reduces manual mistakes but also hoards time as well as fortitude for employees.
3. Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Know Your Customer (KYC)
KYC besides AML are both tremendously data-concentrated procedures, making them perfect RPA candidates. When equated to outmoded banking resolutions, RPA adoption has proved to be helpful in terms of convertible together time and money, whether it’s automating regular operations or recognizing questionable financial transactions.
4. Opening a bank account
The normally time-consuming process of creating a new account is made considerably easier, faster, and more precise with RPA. Automation eliminates data record faults that occur amid the main banking organization as well as new account opening requirements, boosting the information quality of the inclusive arrangement.
5. Lending for mortgages
One of the most significant services provided by a financial organization is lending. Mortgage lending is an ideal candidate for RPA automation since it is a highly process-driven and time-consuming industry. RPA expertise may be utilized to handle processes with explicitly defined rules with ease.
6. Loan Process
Traditionally, loan processing has been viewed as a time-consuming and wasteful process [5]. Despite the fact that the bank has computerized the procedure to some level, RPA has sped it up even more, bringing the processing time down to a new low of 10-15 minutes.
References :
1. Kumar, K. N., & Balaramachandran, P. R. (2018). Robotic process automation-a study of the impact on customer experience in retail banking industry. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce23(3), 1-27.
2. Valgaeren, H. (2019). Robotic Process Automation in Financial and Accounting Processes in the Banking Sector.
3. Romao, M., Costa, J., & Costa, C. J. (2019, June). Robotic process automation: A case study in the banking industry. In 2019 14th Iberian Conference on information systems and technologies (CISTI) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
4. Vishnu, S., Agochiya, V., & Palkar, R. (2017). Data-centered dependencies and opportunities for robotics process automation in banking. Journal of Financial Transformation45(1), 68-76.
5. Devarajan, Y. (2018). A study of robotic process automation use cases today for tomorrow’s business. International Journal of Computer Techniques5(6), 12-18.
S/4HANA Cloud vs On-Premise
Choosing a Cloud suite for your business can be pretty challenging. Even more, when you are migrating and do not know much about the technology. You will find many websites and people giving you suggestions to choose this or that platform.
Among those suggestions, you will hear a lot about S/4HANA Cloud and On-Prim. Usually, people compare the two as they have some similarities. However, the differences between the two are vast. With that said, and with Tachyon’s expertise in HANA we want to take a deep dive comparison to give a better picture.
S/4HANA Cloud vs. On-Premise – A quick Guide
• What is S/4HANA On-Premise?
The S/4HANA On-Premise Edition is an ERP business suite. It is based on the SAP HANA in-memory database that allows users to manage everything. That includes the applications, data centers, HANA database, networking, operating systems, servers, data centers, etc.
• What is S/4HANA Cloud?
As the name suggests, it is a cloud edition of SAP S/4HANA, which works on SaaS (Software as a Service). It works the same as the on-premises version without depending on the hardware, IT staff, or database. You can offer the SAAS deployment with complete management, thanks to SAP.
• Differences between S/4HANA Cloud vs. S/4HANA On-Premise
FeaturesS/4HANA On-PremiseS/4HANA Cloud
Licensing ModelThe On-Premise version requires traditional licensing.S/4HANA Cloud works with subscription-based licensing.
CustomizationWith on-premise, you have complete control as it is flexible and manageable.The Cloud version is customizable to some extent but comparatively lesser.
MaintenanceRequires control for deployment and maintenance with a professional IT staff.With the cloud version, you can easily take care of regular maintenance.
SpeedThe on-premise version is slower as it sets up a new environment for the user.The Cloud edition is faster as it uses a ready-made and pre-tested platform.
CostSince the On-premise edition is for enterprises, it is more costly.Cloud version is comparatively lower in cost.
ImplementationIt requires the need of additional hardware as well as software.You can use S/4HANA Cloud without needing any additional hardware or software.
IntegrationsYou get faster data transfer among the system as it allows simple integrations.Integrations in the Cloud Edition can be complex and involve security risks too.
UpgradesWith the on-premise version, you can expect more regular upgrades as the company makes it better and better.The Cloud edition has fewer upgrades but allows you to schedule them.
ScalabilityIf you want to scale up or down, you will find it much harder in the on-premises edition.The S/4HANA Cloud is easier and faster to meet the changing scalability of an organization.
Support PackagesAlthough not consistently, but the company does release new support packages for S/4HANA On-premises.You can choose from the wide range of support packages in the S/4HANA Cloud.
We have discussed the differences between the S/4HANA Cloud and S/4HANA On-premises in detail. It will help you decide which is the better option for your organization, considering your requirements.
Img src: Photo by bruce mars on Unsplash
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2022: Time to get Back to office
Employees working in office
Getting the employees back to the office is the latest challenge to many organizations due to the COVID-19 era. Ever since the pandemic, every aspect has been changed and office standards aren’t an exception. And it is quite obvious that the employee expectations also won’t be the same, which makes things complex both for employees and the employers.
Now that organizations are hunting for the right solution to know how they can encourage their employees to return? But, whatever the strategies you choose to eventually bring your employees back into the office, the main objective is to keep and make them feel safe!
From Tachyon, we want to share a few guidelines and strategies that will help organizations to implement and communicate in a better way to build trust in their employees to get them back to the office as before.
Connect In-Person & Communicate Frequently:
No matter where employees work from, communication is key as a team. Few pieces of research state that employees miss the in-person interactions with their colleagues, since they started work from home. So, even staying in touch through video conferencing for office meetings has become normal, getting in person as a team will surely excite them. Interacting and sharing personal experiences of remote work with the team will give an opportunity to strengthen the bonds between colleagues.
So, organizations who are planning to get their employees back to the office should try various communication techniques, which help employees work efficiently and maximize the output. In addition, management should create a reliable flow of information from managers to the employees to build trust and enhance the work environment.
Make Safety A Priority:
It is quite obvious for employees to panic when they are asked to return to the office after the pandemic situation. But, it is the responsibility of organizations to make them feel safe by informing them about the safety measures that are being taken to make the office environment safe and healthy.
As every organization is different, one checklist doesn’t fit all. Hence management should understand their office structure first, and plan accordingly of what measures can be taken to ensure safety.
Some of the common safety measures for offices include:
● Installing plexiglass wherever needed to ensure social distancing
● Keeping hand sanitizers handy in the office locations
● Ensuring temperature checks at the entrance
● Rearranging the work stations to maintain ample space and feel comfortable
● Scheduling a cleaning session to maintain cleanliness
Offer Flexibility:
It is a fact that most of the employees are now preferring work from home, as it offers a great work-life balance. But if organizations are willing to get their employees back to the office, then there must be some compromise.
Because forcing employees to return to the office might result in forcing them out of your organization. In such cases, a hybrid model can be a great solution for getting employees to return to the office.
Here are some of the ways, how organizations can offer flexibility for their employees:
● Plan to split office days and remote days. Allow your employees to work from the office on certain days, while remote work on other days.
● Offer some flexibility in working hours to avoid getting stuck in traffic and enjoy more family time.
● Offer temporary remote work as a reward for the exceptional work of the employees We hope these strategies would help you to get your employees back to the office as they ensure safety and are easy to implement.
In fact, the above-mentioned strategies are followed and implemented by the Tachyon technologies which made their efforts in making work from office successful.
Also, we at Tachyon believe that it is quite challenging for organizations to make things as they were before the pandemic. But if the management wants to have a closer and interactive work culture, then it would be the right move that helps organizations to take things forward.
img src: Unsplash
Data Is The New Gold: How does it drive innovation in every business?
Data Is The New Gold
When data is recognized as the new gold, it’s not the matter of carrying the same allure of gold! Rather it is how the data holds its power in driving innovation to scale up the growth of businesses.
But, data isn’t powerful as soon as it is acquired. It should be manipulated and analyzed to extract valuable insights. And when the manipulated data accompanied with the insights are shared across various departments of the organization, right from the marketing team to customer service, and IT, it outlines the challenges and new opportunities to rise.
The statistics also prove that Marketing technology is the key area of investment among labor, paid media, and agencies. It accounts for a massive rise up to 29% from the marketing budget of 22% in 2017. In addition, many organizations are recruiting for a special position known as “Chief Data Officer (CDO) to get the best out of the data collected. Business experts predict that almost 90% of enterprises will have a CDO in place very soon to lead the charge. And according to the CMO Council, 56% of Chief Marketing Officers stated that prioritizing the data and intelligence analysis is one of the top skills essential to achieve business growth through delivering the outstanding and personalized experience to the customers who add value to their business.
How does data impact business growth?
Though data has a shorter history than gold, it can have a greater impact on global businesses irrespective of their sizes and domains. In the ever-evolving world of technology that advances at a lightning speed, digitization has become an integral part of every business. And those who embrace it in their operational models will reap the rewards and ensure the long-lasting well-being of their business.
It is evident that digitization has changed the face of business with greater productivity and increased efficiency. It has made the world more interconnected than ever before and makes the global community feel local on the scale. In this digital world, every click, like, and share on the internet creates new data, which contributes to business growth when combined with the right strategy. And in today’s data-driven world, every business needs to realize how the strategic use
of data benefits their growth. Here are a few points, which makes businesses
understand the importance of data:
● It streamlines the internal processes
● Enables timely and effective communication with the potential customers
● Helps to make out the right marketing strategy with relevant information
● Drives to Identify the needs of customers and thus increases the value to the
● Brings down the efforts and reduces the operating costs
● Creates a customer base and presents the management with a clear picture of
challenges and new opportunities.
Why does the quality of the data matter the most?
To create reliable business models and insights, high-quality data is the most essential aspect. And businesses need experts, advanced technologies, and the right skills to extract the insights in order to make smart use of the acquired data. Also, everyone should realize that, no matter how good is their business model, it cannot be impactful if the data is either incomplete, inaccurate, outdated, or biased.
It is proven by many global companies that high-quality data is highly powerful and how it impacted business growth when implemented with the right strategies. To be precise, Google, Amazon, Facebook are the top most examples which aimed at collecting data and using it to outperform their competitors. But, while it is crucial to collect the data, it is equally important to analyze and protect it for the future.
By now, we hope you have understood why the world recognizes the “Data As New Gold”! But, what matters the most for businesses isn’t how huge the data is, but the insights that are extracted by analyzing it. So remember, it is not the big data, but the big insights from the data are the new gold.
AI is Everywhere
AI Tachyon
AI is evolving in all industries, but it is still difficult to determine what it will do in the future. There are so many possibilities with artificial intelligence, and it is only a matter of time before we see AI go mainstream. There are so many people who have predicted that AI will take over the world by 2050.
1. Artificial Intelligence for Businesses
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the most trending topic in the global business world.
AI-powered software is being developed to automate a number of tasks for businesses. It includes data mining, records management, customer service and more. With AI, it saves time and money for a company.
2. Artificial Intelligence for programming
Artificial intelligence is already evolved multi fold since OpenAI developed a AI coding tool. Today we have multiple tools to help developers in writing code. Below are few of these tools with use cases:
Copilot by Github – An AI bot to guess your requirement and write the rest of code.
CodeQL by De Moor – To identify bugs in code
Bayou – To write Snippet and API code in JAVA
Deepcode – This AI suggests programmers on how to improve the code
Kite – An AI based tool to complete python programming
in the time this blog is written a new AI tool will be developed. AI tools are getting better.
3. Artificial Intelligence for Education
AI in education is a new and upcoming field with a lot of potential. It can help students by providing a personalized learning experience, but it can also be used to help teachers prepare lessons and manage their workload. AI in education is an opportunity for all stakeholders – teachers, students, parents, researchers.
4. Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare
AI is impacting healthcare in a variety of ways. One of the most notable ways that AI is impacting healthcare is through the artificial intelligence for diagnosis. Doctors can use AI to take a picture or scan for abnormalities and then recommend treatment options.
There are many different use cases of Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare. In addition to diagnosis, AI can be used to supplement patient care by providing digital wellness programs and virtual coaching – which helps patients better manage their own conditions. It can also assist doctors in making more accurate predictions about patients, as well as improving research and development by scouring through masses of data and providing insights into new treatments.
5. Artificial Intelligence for Manufacturing
For manufacturers, artificial intelligence is an essential tool for making better decisions about their operations. It helps the company make smarter decisions, improves their efficiency and automatically predicts risks to maintain quality.
Manufacturers use AI to ensure that their product quality is up to date with the latest trends in the market. AI can be used to improve production processes by integrating data from across various departments and then making predictions about future demand for products.
AI has also improved customer service by predicting customer behavior and providing personalized solutions to them which are not always possible for human managers without AI assistance.
6. Artificial Intelligence Gaming & Entertainment Industry
The artificial intelligence gaming and entertainment industry is showing rapid growth. This market is predicted to grow from $17 billion in 2016 to $34 billion by 2020.
The surge in the use of AI in this industry is mainly due to the increasing demand for real-time gaming, interactive games, personalized gaming, customer-facing chatbots, machine learning algorithms, and natural language processing software.
A significant driver of the demand for artificial intelligence technology in this industry has been the need for more personalized games with greater levels of interactivity.
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let's review: Extinction (2018)
Updated: Oct 19, 2021
Well, it's been a minute or two since I've been able to find the time to actually sit down and post something on here, but more so it's been a minute since I've been able to sit down and really watch a movie without getting distracted.
So, here were are at the end of the week with another film from Netflix that caught my eye! If you're looking for a sci-fi flick that takes a spin on the traditional "invaders" trope of the genre, then buckle up for:
Written by Spenser Cohen and Brad Kane, directed by Ben Young, the story follows a father, played by Michael Peña (Ant-Man, Crash, End of Watch), and the nightmares he's been gripping with as he's afflicted with images of impending death and destruction. His wife, played by Lizzy Caplan (Mean Girls, Cloverfield), attempts throughout the film to convince Peña's character that he needs help, if not for himself then for their daughters.
Throughout the film, it's a struggle for the viewer to understand just what's going through Peña's head as he continues to miss family gatherings and distance himself from friends and family alike. That is...until it all comes crashing down. Thrilling chase sequences, moments of the struggle between Peña's family and the invading parties, and all this while trying to decipher just exactly what's going on in his head.
Admittedly, I would have never guessed that the funny guy from Ant-Man and Janice from Mean Girls would team up to make such a power couple in this otherworldly experience. They each break out of their previous roles to bring forth a touching story of just how difficult it is to make a life for yourself when you feel so disconnected from the rest of the world around you.
Without giving too much away, I'll say that this film had a lot of undertones that played well into the social issues we face in reality. This constant conversation of the "others" of the world and how we find ourselves so similar, yet so different from each other really adds to the power of this film. By the end of it, I was wondering what the outcome of their decisions would be and if they'd actually make it to see a world where they could live peacefully.
So, if you're like me and you're looking for a great, easy film to jump into to pass the time, then Extinction is the one for you. With a solid twist, solid actors, and visuals that will keep you entertained for...well...at least 95 minutes, I highly recommend this Netflix Original.
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