en	After the release of new influenza viruses, the host cell dies.
da	Efter virusfrigivelse dør cellen.

en	On 14 June 2017, he was appointed Taoiseach in a 57–50 vote with 47 abstentions.
da	Den 14. juni 2017 blev han udnævnt til Taoiseach med 57 mod 50 stemmer med 47 blanke stemmer.

en	Additional offices include those in Pristina; the West Bank and Gaza; the US-Mexico Border Field Office in El Paso; the Office of the Caribbean Program Coordination in Barbados; and the Northern Micronesia office.
da	WHO er fordelt på nogle kontorer over de forskellige regioner således, at det europæiske regionalkontor ligger i København i Danmark, regionalkontoret for Nord- og Sydamerika ligger i Washington i Nordamerika, regionalkontoret for det østlige Middelhavsområde ligger i Cairo i Egypten, regionalkontoret for Afrika ligger i Brazzaville i Congo, regionalkontoret for Sydøstasien ligger i New Delhi i Indien og regionalkontoret for det vestlige Stillehav ligger i Manila i Filippinerne.

en	An effort to eradicate bovine tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis from the cattle and deer herds of New Zealand has been relatively successful.
da	"Der har været bestræbelser i gang for at udrydde kvægtuberkulose, der skyldes ""Mycobacterium bovis"", hos kvæg- og hjortebestande i New Zealand, og de har været ret vellykkede."

en	Leo Eric Varadkar ( və-RAD-kər; born 18 January 1979) is an Irish Fine Gael politician and physician.
da	Leo Eric Varadkar (født 18. januar 1979) er en irsk politiker for partiet Fine Gael, der har fungeret som Taoiseach (premierminister), forsvarsminister og leder af Fine Gael siden juni 2017.

en	This was considered a surprise appointment, as Varadkar was not known as a sports lover.
da	Dette blev betragtet som en overraskelsesaftale, da Varadkar ikke var kendt som en sportselsker.

en	Berylliosis, or chronic beryllium disease (CBD), is a chronic allergic-type lung response and chronic lung disease caused by exposure to beryllium and its compounds, a form of beryllium poisoning.
da	Berylliose, eller kronisk berylliumsygdom (CBD efter eng. Chronic beryllium disease), er en kronisk, allergisk lungerespons og kronisk lungesygdom forårsaget af udsættelse for beryllium og dets forbindelser, en form for berylliumforgiftning.

en	Mycobacteria have an outer membrane lipid bilayer.
da	Mykobakterier har et lipidlag om cellemembranen.

en	A tuberculosis classification system developed by the American Thoracic Society is used primarily in public health programs.
da	Et system til tuberkuloseklassificering, som er udviklet af American Thoracic Society bliver brugt i folkesundhedsprogrammer.

en	Hepatitis C is the leading reason for liver transplantation, though the virus usually recurs after transplantation.
da	Hepatitis C er den hyppigste årsag til levertransplantation, selv om virus normalt opstår igen efter transplantation.

en	In the 2nd century BC the Greek botanist Nicander described the colic and paralysis seen in lead-poisoned people.
da	Allerede Nicander (2. århundrede f. kr.) beskrev således blyhvidt og blysukker som giftige.

en	A single sneeze can release up to 40,000 droplets.
da	Et enkelt nys kan sprede op til 40.000 dråber.

en	Effective TB treatment is difficult, due to the unusual structure and chemical composition of the mycobacterial cell wall, which hinders the entry of drugs and makes many antibiotics ineffective.
da	Det er svært at behandle TB effektivt på grund af den usædvanlige opbygning og kemiske sammensætning af mykobakteriernes cellevægge.

en	In 15–20% of active cases, the infection spreads outside the lungs, causing other kinds of TB.
da	I 15–20% af de aktive tilfælde, spreder infektionen sig ud fra åndedrætsorganerne og giver andre typer tuberkulose.

en	His mother, born in Dungarvan, County Waterford, met her future husband while working as a nurse in Slough.
da	Hans mor, født i Dungarvan, County Waterford, mødte sin fremtidige mand, mens hun arbejdede som sygeplejerske i Slough.

en	Previously, S. aureus was differentiated from other staphylococci by the coagulase test.
da	S. aureus adskiller sig fra andre Micrococcaceae ved sin koagulaseproduktion.

en	Strains unable to resist these antibiotics are classified as methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, or MSSA.
da	Stammer der er følsomme mod disse antibiotika kaldes methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus eller MSSA.

en	Thus, these proteins are targets for antiviral medications.
da	Derpå udgør disse målet for en række antivirale medikamenter.

en	A person may inhale the material, or it may be delivered into the tracheobronchial tree during positive pressure ventilation.
da	Anvendes også om udsugning eller udtømmelse af væske fra et hulrum i legemet.

en	General signs and symptoms include fever, chills, night sweats, loss of appetite, weight loss, and fatigue.
da	Almindelige tegn og symptomer omfatter feber, kulderystelser, nattesved, tab af appetit, vægttab og træthed.

en	"2017: ""Viele Wege führen zu Gesundheit – Rezepte aus Ost und West"" (Many routes lead to health."
da	2017: Viele Wege führen zu Gesundheit – Rezepte aus Ost und West (Mange veje fører til sundhed - opskrifter fra øst og vest)

en	In addition to lectures and discussions, the Medicinicum is accompanied by events like cooking classes, herbal walks et cetera.
da	Foruden forelæsninger og diskussioner støttes Medicinicum af mange andre, mere afslappende, arrangementer.

en	This is called antigenic drift, which slowly creates an increasing variety of strains until one evolves that can infect people who are immune to the pre-existing strains.
da	Dette fænomen kaldes antigen drift, som langsomt danner nye stammer, indtil der fremkommer en som kan inficere mennesker, der var immun til den før-eksisterende stamme.

en	At the 2011 general election, Varadkar was re-elected to Dáil Éireann, with 8,359 first-preference votes (a 19.7% share of the poll in a four-seat constituency).
da	Ved valget i 2011 blev Varadkar genvalgt til Dáil Éireann med 8.359 førsteprioritetsstemmer (en andel på 19,7% af afstemningen i en valgkreds med fire sæder).

en	Seasonal Influenza.
da	Influenzavirus.

en	Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem with increasing rates of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB).
da	Antibiotikaresistens er et voksende problem i behandlingen af infektioner med multiresistente tuberkulosebakterier (MDR-TB).

en	Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase molecules cluster into a bulge in the cell membrane.
da	"Hæmagglutinin- og neuraminidase-molekyler klumper sammen i cellemembranen, og danner en ""udbuling""."

en	Occasionally, people may cough up blood in small amounts, and in very rare cases, the infection may erode into the pulmonary artery or a Rasmussen's aneurysm, resulting in massive bleeding.
da	Nogle gange ses hoste med blodigt opspyt i mindre grad. I sjældne tilfælde kan infektionen nå lungepulsåren, så der opstår en massiv blødning, der kaldes Rasmussens aneurisme.

en	Varadkar stated he had received guarantees from the UK there would be no hard border between Ireland and Northern Ireland.
da	Varadkar sagde, at han havde modtaget garantier fra Storbritannien, at der ikke ville være nogen hård grænse mellem Irland og Nordirland.

en	This prevented an agreement from being reached as the deadline approached.
da	Dette forhindrede at en aftale blev nået ved deadline for Brexit.

en	Faculty of Occupational Medicine
da	Dansk Selskab for Arbejdsmedicin

en	"Diarrhea is not usually a symptom of influenza in adults, although it has been seen in some human cases of the H5N1 ""bird flu"" and can be a symptom in children."
da	"Diarre er normalt ikke et symptom blandt voksne selvom det før har været dokumenteret ved H5N1 (""fugleinfluenza"") infektion, og kan være et symptom blandt børn."

en	It was first observed in 2003 in Italy, but not widely reported until 2012, and has also been found in Iran and India.
da	Total resistent TB blev først opdaget i 2003 i Italien, men det blev ikke meldt før i 2012.

en	Over many years however, it often leads to liver disease and occasionally cirrhosis.
da	Med tiden, over mange år, kan det ofte føre til leversygdom og i nogle tilfælde levercirrose (skrumpelever).

en	The immunity it induces decreases after about ten years.
da	Dog falder immuniteten efter cirka ti år.

en	The extra costs for the health insurance are estimated to be approximately €400 million/year.
da	Hospitalsinfektioner koster hvert år sundhedsvæsenet omkring 1 milliard kroner.

en	Two main approaches are used to attempt to improve the efficacy of available vaccines.
da	To hovedstrategier forsøger at forbedre de eksisterende vacciners effektivitet.

en	The BCG vaccine was first used on humans in 1921 in France, but achieved widespread acceptance in the US, Great Britain, and Germany only after World War II.
da	Calmette-vaccinen blev først brugt på mennesker i 1921 i Frankrig, men det var først efter anden verdenskrig, at dens anvendelse blev almindelig udbredt i USA, Storbritannien og Tyskland.

en	Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha declared a state of emergency, effective on 26 March.
da	Premierminister Prayut Chan-o-cha opfordrede til at sælge i mindre portioner over en periode.

en	Triage was used further during World War I by French doctors treating the battlefield wounded at the aid stations behind the front.
da	Et triagesystem blev anvendt i Frankrig under første verdenskrig ved behandlingen af sårede soldater fra slagmarken ved  feltlazaretter bag fronten.

en	Current status of Foot and Mouth Disease worldwide at OIE.
da	Mund- og klovsyge er stort set forekommende i hele verden.

en	Metal fume fever, also known as brass founders' ague, brass shakes, zinc shakes, galvie flu, metal dust fever, Welding Shivers, or Monday morning fever, is an illness primarily caused by exposure to chemicals such as zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminium oxide (Al2O3), or magnesium oxide (MgO) which are produced as byproducts in the fumes that result when certain metals are heated.
da	Støbefeber, zinkfeber eller metalrøgfeber er en forgiftning som resultat af indånding af røg fra støbning eller svejsning.

en	Notable extrapulmonary infection sites include the pleura (in tuberculous pleurisy), the central nervous system (in tuberculous meningitis), the lymphatic system (in scrofula of the neck), the genitourinary system (in urogenital tuberculosis), and the bones and joints (in Pott disease of the spine), among others.
da	Ekstrapulmonale infektioner findes især i lungehinden (tuberkuløs lungehindebetændelse), centralnervesystemet (tuberkuløs meningitis) og i lymfesystemet (skrofulose på halsen).

en	The BCG vaccine has limitations, and research to develop new TB vaccines is ongoing.
da	Calmette-vaccinen har sine begrænsninger, og der forskes stadig i at udvikle nye TB-vacciner.

en	Seven venues for nine sports are located within the central business area of Tokyo, northwest of the Olympic Village.
da	Elleve afviklingssteder vil blive placeret inde i det centrale forretningsområde i Tokyo, nordvest for den olympiske by.

en	The fear is that the deal could lead to more deforestation of the Amazon rainforest as it expands market access to Brazilian beef.
da	Frygten er, at aftalen kan føre til mere skovrydning af Amazonas regnskov, da den udvider markedsadgangen til brasiliansk oksekød.

en	In developed countries, tuberculosis is less common and is found mainly in urban areas.
da	I i-landene er tuberkulose mindre udbredt og ses mest i byområderne.

en	Reduction of child mortality is reflected in several of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals.
da	Mindre børnedødelighed er en af FN's 2015-målsætninger.

en	Those at high risk thus include: people who inject illicit drugs, inhabitants and employees of locales where vulnerable people gather (e.g. prisons and homeless shelters), medically underprivileged and resource-poor communities, high-risk ethnic minorities, children in close contact with high-risk category patients, and health-care providers serving these patients.
da	Følgende grupper har en høj risiko for at få TB: folk, der tager ulovlige stoffer; folk, der bor eller arbejder, hvor udsatte grupper mødes (såsom fængsler og hjemløseherberger); folk, der er fattige og ikke har adgang til korrekt lægebehandling; udsatte etniske minoriteter; børn, der kommer i tæt kontakt med udsatte grupper; og det sundhedspersonale, der hjælper disse mennesker.

en	Treatment of TB uses antibiotics to kill the bacteria.
da	TB behandles med antibiotika, der slår bakterierne ned.

en	He proposed that the cause of influenza epidemics during winter may be connected to seasonal fluctuations of vitamin D, which is produced in the skin under the influence of solar (or artificial) UV radiation.
da	Han foreslog at influenzaepidemier i vintermånederne kunne hænge sammen med årstidsændringen af D-vitamin-niveauet, som dannes i huden via UV-lys fra solstråler.

en	"During an interview on RTÉ Radio on 18 January 2015 (his 36th birthday), Varadkar spoke publicly for the first time about being gay: ""it's not something that defines me."
da	"Under et interview på RTÉ Radio den 18. januar 2015 (hans 36-års fødselsdag) talte Varadkar for første gang offentligt om at være homoseksuel: ""Det er ikke noget, der definerer mig."

en	IGRAs may increase sensitivity when used in addition to the skin test, but may be less sensitive than the skin test when used alone.
da	Men IGRA'er kan være mindre sensitive end tuberkulinprøven, hvis de anvendes alene.

en	Extrapulmonary TB occurs more commonly in people with a weakened immune system and young children.
da	Ekstrapulmonal TB forekommer hyppigere hos personer, der er i immunundertrykkende behandling, immunsuppression og hos små børn.

en	He then spent several years working as a junior doctor in St. James's Hospital and Connolly Hospital, before qualifying as a general practitioner in 2010.
da	Derefter tilbragte han flere år med at arbejde som juniorlæge på St. James's Hospital og Connolly Hospital, før han blev kvalificeret som praktiserende læge i 2010.

en	The Institute was formed by the later Nobel Prize laureate Robert Koch in 1891 as the Royal Prussian Institute for Infectious Diseases.
da	Instituttet blev grundlagt af Robert Koch i 1891 som Das Königlich Preußische Institut für Infektionskrankheiten .

en	"The norovirus was originally named the ""Norwalk agent"" after Norwalk, Ohio, in the United States, where an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis occurred among children at Bronson Elementary School in November 1968 (although an outbreak had already been discovered in 1936 in Roskilde, Denmark, where it is commonly known as ""Roskilde syge"" or ""Roskilde illness"")."
da	I Danmark kaldes sygdommen med norovirus for roskildesyge, fordi det første sygdomsudbrud var i Roskilde i 1936.

en	In people coinfected with M. tuberculosis and HIV, the risk of reactivation increases to 10% per year.
da	"Folk, der både er inficeret med ""M. tuberculosis"" og HIV, har en 10% højere risiko for en genaktivering pr. år."

en	It is distinct from acute beryllium poisoning, which became rare following occupational exposure limits established around 1950.
da	Det er ikke det samme som akut berylliumforgiftning, der er blevet en sjældenhed efter der omkring 1950 blev fastsat grænser for udsættelse på arbejdspladser.

en	MDR-TB is defined as resistance to the two most effective first-line TB drugs: rifampicin and isoniazid.
da	En TB defineres som multiresistent, hvis den er resistent over for de to mest effektive førstelinjebehandlinger, rifampicin og isoniazid.

en	Those who develop cirrhosis or liver cancer may require a liver transplant.
da	Dem, der udvikler skrumpelever eller leverkræft kan muligvis få brug for en levertransplantation.

en	Most influenza virus strains are not very infectious and each infected individual will only go on to infect one or two other individuals (the basic reproduction number for influenza is generally around 1.4).
da	De fleste virusstammer er ikke betydeligt infektiøse, og hvert inficeret individ vil cirka smitte en eller to andre, (reproduktionstallet for influenza ligger generelt på 1,4).

en	The central core contains the viral RNA genome and other viral proteins that package and protect this RNA.
da	Kernen indeholder viralt RNA-genom og andre virale proteiner, som beskytter RNA'et.

en	Negative-sense vRNAs that form the genomes of future viruses, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and other viral proteins are assembled into a virion.
da	Negativt-strenget vRNA (som danner genomet til kommende vira), RNA-afhængig-RNA-polymerase og andre virale proteiner samles til et viron.

en	In the cabinet reshuffle of July 2014, Varadkar replaced James Reilly as Minister for Health.
da	I ministerrokaden i juli 2014 erstattede Varadkar James Reilly som sundhedsminister.

en	The film was inspired by the death of Scanlon's father, when he and his brother were younger, and their relationship.
da	Filmen er inspireret af Scanlons fars død, da Scanlon og hans bror var yngre, og deres forhold.

en	Influenza viruses bind through hemagglutinin onto sialic acid sugars on the surfaces of epithelial cells, typically in the nose, throat, and lungs of mammals, and intestines of birds (Stage 1 in infection figure).
da	Influenzavira binder med dets hæmagglutinin til sialinsyresukkerenheder på overfladen af epitelceller lokaliseret i næsen, halsen eller lungerne hos pattedyr og i tarmene hos fugle (Se figur: Stadie 1).

en	Estimates are that 700,000 to several million deaths result per year.
da	Det er anslået, at omkring 700.000 mennesker dør i 2016 som følge af resistente bakterier, og at dette tal inden for få årtier øges til flere millioner mennesker der dør hvert år.

en	After over two decades of fighting smallpox, the WHO declared in 1979 that the disease had been eradicated – the first disease in history to be eliminated by human effort.
da	Efter WHO havde bekæmpet mæslinger i en lang årrække, deklarerede WHO i 1979, at sygdommen var udryddet.

en	Methods to remind people of the importance of treatment and appointments may result in a small but important improvement.
da	Metoder, der husker folk på, at behandlingen er vigtig, er effektive.

en	Asbestosis is a type of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.
da	Sygdommen er en interstitiel lungesygdom.

en	The vRNA and viral core proteins leave the nucleus and enter this membrane protrusion (step 6).
da	"vRNA og kerneproteiner forlader cellekernen, og interagerer med denne ""membranudbuling"" (stadie 6)."

en	When Fine Gael formed a coalition government with the Labour Party, Varadkar was appointed Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport on 9 March 2011.
da	Da Fine Gael dannede en koalitionsregering med Iris Labour Party, blev Varadkar udnævnt til minister for transport, turisme og sport den 9. marts 2011.

en	Then Leader of the Opposition, Enda Kenny, appointed him to the Front Bench as Spokesperson for Enterprise, Trade and Employment until a 2010 reshuffle, when he became Spokesperson on Communications, Energy and Natural Resources.
da	"Derefter udnævnte oppositionsleder, Enda Kenny, ham til ""Front Bænken"" som ordfører for erhverv, handel og beskæftigelse indtil en omskiftning i 2010, da han blev ordfører for kommunikation, energi og naturressourcer."

en	Until recently, it was reported that Nightingale reduced mortality from 40% to 2% on the battlefield.
da	Det reducerede dødeligheden fra 40 til 2%.

en	The director from 1917 to 1933 was Fred Neufeld who discovered the pneumococcal types.
da	Direktøren fra 1917-1933 var Fred Neufeld som foretog den første typeinddeling af pneumokokker.

en	12 days later, he was appointed Taoiseach, and at 38 years old became the youngest person to hold the office.
da	12 dage senere blev han udnævnt til Taoiseach, og med sine 38 blev han den yngste Taoiseach.

en	Triage separates the injured into four groups:
da	Grundlæggende kan triage opdeles i tre kategorier :

en	The short generation time means that influenza epidemics generally peak at around 2 months and burn out after 3 months: the decision to intervene in an influenza epidemic, therefore, has to be taken early, and the decision is therefore often made on the back of incomplete data.
da	Den korte generationstid betyder, at influenzaepidemier topper omkring 2 måneder, og udbrænder efter 3 måneder: Beslutningen om indgriben i en mulig influenzaepidemi skal derfor træffes tidligt i forløbet, og er derved ofte baseret på ufuldstændig data.

en	Robert Koch identified and described the bacillus causing tuberculosis, M. tuberculosis, on 24 March 1882.
da	"Den bakterie, der giver tuberkulose, ""Mycobacterium tuberculosis"", blev identificeret og beskrevet den 24. marts 1882 af Robert Koch."

en	People with this disseminated TB have a high fatality rate even with treatment (about 30%).
da	Personer med denne disseminerede (udbredte) TB har en højere risiko for at dø, selvom de modtager behandling (cirka 30%).

en	The total number of tuberculosis cases has been decreasing since 2005, while new cases have decreased since 2002.
da	Det totale antal tilfælde af tuberkulose er dalet siden 2006, og antallet af nye tilfælde har været i tilbagegang siden 2002.

en	In January 2018, he announced that the referendum to repeal Ireland's 8th Amendment which prevented any liberalisation of restrictive abortion laws would take place in May.
da	I januar 2018 meddelte han, at en folkeafstemning om ophævelse af Irlands 8. forfatningsparagraf, der forhindrede enhver liberalisering af de restriktive abortlovgivninger, ville finde sted i maj.

en	Those for whom immediate care might make a positive difference in outcome.
da	Øjeblikkelig behandling kan gøre en positiv forskel for overlevelse

en	Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) or hoof-and-mouth disease (HMD) is an infectious and sometimes fatal viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals, including domestic and wild bovids.
da	Mund- og klovsyge er en meget smitsom virussygdom som først og fremmest rammer parrettåede hovdyr deriblandt tamkvæg og svin.

en	H1N2, endemic in humans, pigs and birds
da	H1N2, endemisk i mennesker, svin og fugle

en	"Auf dem Weg zur Unsterblichkeit"" (Eternally Young!"
da	2020: Ewig jung – auf der Suche nach Unsterblichkeit (Evigt ung - søgen efter udødeligheden)

en	The reason for this difference is not clear.
da	Grunden til dette er ikke helt klarlagt.

en	MTB can withstand weak disinfectants and survive in a dry state for weeks.
da	MTB kan modstå svage bakteriedræbende midler og kan overleve som endospore (dvs. i dehydreret tilstand) i flere uger.

en	Influenza A viruses are classified into subtypes based on antibody responses to HA and NA.
da	Influenza A virus er klassificeret i serotyper baseret på antistofresponset mod HA og NA.

en	The administration of vaccines is called vaccination.
da	Administrationen af vacciner kaldes for vaccination.

en	Once a certain threshold has been reached, herd immunity gradually eliminates a disease from a population.
da	Når en vis andel af populationen har opnået immunitet, vil infektionen hen ad vejen blive elimineret fra populationen.

en	This new variant then replaces the older strains as it rapidly sweeps through the human population, often causing an epidemic.
da	Denne nye variant erstatter derved den gamle stamme, hvorved den kan spredes i befolkningen og lede til epidemier.

en	It is Vorarlberg's largest public health event.
da	Det er  og er Vorarlbergs største folkesundhedsbegivenhed.

en	In children, gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain (may be severe in children with influenza B)
da	I børn mave-tarm (gastrointestinale) symptomer, som diarre og smerter i bugen (abdominale smerter), (ses ofte mere udtalte i børn med influenza B)

en	In primary TB disease (some 1–5% of cases), this occurs soon after the initial infection.
da	Ved primær TB (ca. 1-5% af tilfældene) sker overgangen hurtigt efter den første infektion.

en	Anthrax in humans and animals – Textbook from WHO
da	parasitære sygdomme (WHO's liste)

en	The following are examples of scoring systems used:
da	Der findes andre systemer til triagering :

en	However, in the majority of cases, a latent infection occurs with no obvious symptoms.
da	Men i de fleste tilfælde bliver det til en latent infektion uden synlige symptomer.

en	Miliary TB currently makes up about 10% of extrapulmonary cases.
da	Miliærtuberkulose udgør ca. 10% af de ekstrapulmonale tilfælde.

en	M. africanum is not widespread, but it is a significant cause of tuberculosis in parts of Africa.
da	M. africanum er ikke så udbredt, men den er årsag til mange tuberkulosetilfælde i Afrika.

en	The virus also survives longer on surfaces at colder temperatures and aerosol transmission of the virus is highest in cold environments (less than 5 °C) with low relative humidity.
da	Virus overlever også længere på overflader ved lave temperaturer, og aerosol-smitte er højest i kolde omgivelser (under 5 °C) med lav luftfugtighed.

en	Interferon gamma release assays, on a blood sample, are recommended in those who are positive to the Mantoux test.
da	Interferon-gamma frigørelsesanalyser (IGRA'er) af en blodprøve anbefales til folk, der har en positiv tuberkulinprøve.

en	China has achieved particularly dramatic progress, with about an 80% reduction in its TB mortality rate between 1990 and 2010.
da	Kinas dødelighed som følge af TB er faldet med ca. 80% mellem 1990 og 2010.

en	He was elected to Dáil Éireann for the first time in 2007.
da	Han blev valgt til Dáil Éireann for første gang i 2007.

en	S.T.A.R.T.
da	fra Nytimes.com.

en	Efforts in Great Britain have been less successful.
da	Bestræbelser i Storbritannien har ikke haft samme held.

en	Tuberculosis may infect any part of the body, but most commonly occurs in the lungs (known as pulmonary tuberculosis).
da	Tuberkulose kan forekomme overalt i kroppen, men det ses hyppigst i lungerne (lungetuberkulose eller pulmonal tuberkulose).

en	"The Semmelweis Society, an organization dedicated to protecting physicians from ""sham peer review"""
da	The Semmelweis Society en organisation dedikeret til at beskytte læger mod forfølgelse af kolleger, navngivet efter Ignaz Semmelweis.

en	"It involves the removal of infected chest cavities (""bullae"") in the lungs to reduce the number of bacteria and to increase exposure of the remaining bacteria to antibiotics in the bloodstream."
da	Ved de moderne indgreb fjernes syge brysthulrum (kaverner) i lungerne for at mindste antallet af bakterier og give lægemidlerne i blodårerne bedre adgang til de tilbageværende bakterier.

en	In addition, if a child (or presumably an adult) seems to be getting better and then relapses with a high fever, that is a danger sign since this relapse can be bacterial pneumonia.
da	Dertil ses det at hvis et barn (eller antagelig en voksen) ser ud til at få det bedre, og oplever tilbagefald med høj feber, er dette et faresignal på bakteriæl pneumoni.

en	Bacteria inside the granuloma can become dormant, resulting in latent infection.
da	De bakterier, der er inde i et granulom kan ligge i dvale, hvilket giver en latent infektion.

en	Humans can be infected with foot-and-mouth disease through contact with infected animals, but this is extremely rare.
da	Infektion hos mennesker er rapporteret, men ualmindeligt.

en	A traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as an intracranial injury, is an injury to the brain caused by an external force.
da	Traumatisk hjerneskade (TBI), også kendt som intrakranial skade, opstår når en ydre kraft skader hjernen.

en	Rates per 100,000 people in different areas of the world were: globally 178, Africa 332, the Americas 36, Eastern Mediterranean 173, Europe 63, Southeast Asia 278, and Western Pacific 139 in 2010.
da	I 2010 var antallet af TB-patienter pr. 100.000 indbyggere i forskellige dele af verden: Globalt 178, Afrika 332, Nord- og Sydamerika 36, det østlige Middelhavsområde 173, Europa 63, Sydøstasien 278, og den vestlige Stillehavsregion 139.

en	More careful use of antimicrobial agents, such as antibiotics, is also considered vital.
da	Forsvarlig brug af antibiotika er en absolut nødvendighed.

en	However, influenza C is less common than the other types and usually only causes mild disease in children.
da	Influenza C er dog mindre set end de andre typer, og forårsager oftest milde sygdomme blandt børn.

en	Many of his cabinet colleagues frowned on Varadkar's forthrightness, as did the European Central Bank.
da	Mange af hans kabinetkolleger rynkede på panden over Varadkar's ligefremhed, hvilket Den Europæiske Centralbank også gjorde.

en	Those who have been previously immunized with the Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine may have a false-positive test result.
da	Personer, der tidligere er blevet immuniseret, kan give falsk positivt resultat.

en	TBI can result in physical, cognitive, social, emotional and behavioral symptoms, and outcomes can range from complete recovery to permanent disability or death.
da	TBI kan resultere i fysiske, kognitive, sociale, emotionelle og adfærdsmæssige symptomer, og det kan ende med alt fra fuldstændig helbredelse til permanent funktionsnedsættelse eller død.

en	Many people are so ill that they are confined to bed for several days, with aches and pains throughout their bodies, which are worse in their backs and legs.
da	Mange vil være så syge at de må blive i sengen i flere dage med ubehag og kropssmerter, som oftest er værst i ryggen og benene.

en	Certain medications, such as corticosteroids and infliximab (an anti-αTNF monoclonal antibody), are other important risk factors, especially in the developed world.
da	Visse lægemidler, såsom kortikosteroider og infliximab (et monoklonalt antistof mod TNF-α) udgør en stadig større risikofaktor især i i-landene.

en	The granuloma may prevent dissemination of the mycobacteria and provide a local environment for interaction of cells of the immune system.
da	Granulomerne forhindrer spredningen af mykobakterierne og danner et miljø, hvor immunsystemets celler kan samarbejde.

en	Varadkar completed a course in professional Irish, and devised an Irish language form for his surname, Leo de Varad.
da	Varadkar afsluttede et kursus i professionel irsk og udledte en irsk form af sit efternavn, Leo de Varad.

en	"In 1950, anesthesiologist Peter Safar established the concept of ""Advanced life support"", keeping patients sedated and ventilated in an intensive care environment."
da	I 1950 videreudviklede anæstesiologen Peter Safar konceptet, og regnes for at være pioner indenfor intensiv medicin.

en	On 2 June 2017, Varadkar was elected leader of Fine Gael, defeating Simon Coveney.
da	Den 2. juni 2017 blev Varadkar valgt til leder af Fine Gael og besejrede Simon Coveney.

en	Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis (German: [ˈɪɡnaːts ˈzɛml̩vaɪs]; Hungarian: Semmelweis Ignác Fülöp; 1 July 1818 – 13 August 1865) was a Hungarian physician and scientist, now known as an early pioneer of antiseptic procedures.
da	Ignaz Phillipp Semmelweis (født Semmelweis Ignác Fülöp 1. juli 1818 i Buda, død 13. august 1865 i Döbling ved Wien) var en ungarsk læge, der i 1847 påviste, at barselsfeber kunne reduceres markant ved at indføre håndhygiejne blandt de behandlende læger.

en	"If a Gram stain is performed, MTB either stains very weakly ""Gram-positive"" or does not retain dye as a result of the high lipid and mycolic acid content of its cell wall."
da	"Ved en gramfarvning vil MTB kun vise sig meget lidt eller slet ikke ""grampositive"", fordi cellevæggen har et højt indhold af lipider og mykolsyre."

en	However, later in the week a consensus deal was finalised.
da	Senere samme uge blev der imidlertid afsluttet en konsensusaftale.

en	In 1946 the development of the antibiotic streptomycin made effective treatment and cure of TB a reality.
da	I 1946 gjorde streptomycin det muligt effektivt at behandle TB.

en	The most important risk factor globally is HIV; 13% of all people with TB are infected by the virus.
da	Den største faktor på verdensplan er HIV; 13% af alle, der får TB, har også HIV-virus.

en	The vRNA either is exported into the cytoplasm and translated (step 4) or remains in the nucleus.
da	Enten vil vRNA eksporteres til cytoplasmaet og translateres (stadie 4), eller forblive i kernen.

en	Autoimmune hepatitis is distinct from the other autoimmune diseases of the liver: primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis.
da	Endvidere findes der flere autoimmune leversygdomme med leverbetændelse: Autoimmun hepatitis, Primær billiær kolangitis og Primær skleroserende kolangitis.

en	Globally, as of 2010, COPD affected approximately 329 million people (4.8% of the population).
da	I Danmark dør mere end 3600 mennesker hver år ud af omkring 5.500.000, og ifølge WHO mere end 2,5 millioner ud af cirka 7 milliarder hvert år på verdensplan af KOL.Det anslåes, at 320.000 danskere har KOL, hvoraf 160.000 tilfælde er uopdagede.

en	Hence, the majority of newly manufactured influenza viruses are mutants; this causes antigenic drift, which is a slow change in the antigens on the viral surface over time.
da	Derfor har størstedelen af nydannede virus undergået mutationer, som medfører antigent drift, der er en langsom ændring i antigenerne i de virale overfladeglykoproteiner over tid.

en	It can be difficult to distinguish between the common cold and influenza in the early stages of these infections.
da	Det kan være svært at skelne en almindelig forkølelse og en influenzainfektion i de begyndende stadier, men influenza kan genkendes på den høje feber med pludseligt indsættende kropslig svækkelse.

en	Tissue destruction and necrosis are often balanced by healing and fibrosis.
da	Ødelæggelse af væv og nekrose afbalanceres tit af, at vævet kommer sig og af fibrose.

en	The M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) includes four other TB-causing mycobacteria: M. bovis, M. africanum, M. canetti, and M. microti.
da	"M. tuberculosis-komplekset omfatter fire andre mykobakterier, der giver tuberkulose: ""M. bovis,"" ""M. africanum,"" ""M. canetti,"" og ""M. microti""."

en	The serotypes that have been confirmed in humans are:
da	Serotyperne som er blevet dokumenteret i mennesker ordnet efter kendte humane pandemier er:

en	A definitive diagnosis of TB is made by identifying M. tuberculosis in a clinical sample (e.g., sputum, pus, or a tissue biopsy).
da	"En definitiv diagnose af TB foreligger, når der findes ""M. tuberculosis"" i en klinisk prøve af fx opspyt, pus eller en vævsprøve."

en	MVA85A, an example of a subunit vaccine, is in trials in South Africa as of 2006, is based on a genetically modified vaccinia virus.
da	MVA85A er baseret på en genetisk modificeret vaccinia-virus.

en	H7N7, which has unusual zoonotic potential
da	H7N7, som har et usædvanligt zoonotisk potentiale

en	"2015: ""Lass Nahrung deine Medizin sein"" (Let food be your medicine)"
da	2015: Lass Nahrung deine Medizin sein (Lad ernæring være din medicin)

en	The Medicinicum Lech is a public health event that has been held annually since 2014 in Lech am Arlberg in Vorarlberg (Austria).
da	Medicinicum Lech er en  folkesundhedsbegivenhed, der har siden 2014 været afholdt årligt i  Lech am Arlberg.

en	Nucleic acid amplification tests and adenosine deaminase testing may allow rapid diagnosis of TB.
da	Nukleinsyreamplifikationstestning og adenosindeaminase-testning kan hurtigt diagnosticere TB.

en	The Evening Herald repeatedly described Varadkar as gaffe prone.
da	The Evening Herald beskrev gentagne gange Varadkar som udsat for brølere.

en	The rate of all MRSA infections in Europe ranged from 50% per cent in Portugal down to 0.8 per cent in Sweden.
da	Forekomsten af MRSA i svinebesætningerne er steget fra 3,5% i 2008 til 90% i 2016.

en	Tuberculosis (TB).
da	"tuberculosis."""

en	It can occur in four forms: skin, lungs, intestinal, and injection.
da	Der findes 3 former for miltbrand: hud-, lunge- og tarm-miltbrand.

en	Varadkar said that reaction to the story was hyped up but that he was not misquoted.
da	Varadkar sagde, at reaktionen på historien blev hypet eller fordrejet, men at han ikke blev fejlciteret.

en	Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body.
da	Tuberkulose forekommer typisk i lungerne, men kan også angribe andre organer.

en	"Gesund sein in hektischen Zeiten"" (Stress – curse or blessing?"
da	(Stress - forbandelse eller velsignelse?)

en	It divides every 16 to 20 hours, which is an extremely slow rate compared with other bacteria, which usually divide in less than an hour.
da	Det er meget langsomt sammenlignet med andre bakterier, der normalt deler sig på mindre end en time.

en	:  dispensing instructions
da	Eksterne kilder og henvisninger

en	This could explain why influenza occurs mostly in winter and during the tropical rainy season, when people stay indoors, away from the sun, and their vitamin D levels fall.
da	Det kunne forklare hvorfor, influenza er hyppigst i vintermånederne og regnsæsonen i tropiske egne, når mennesker opholder sig indendørs og væk fra solen, som danner D-vitamin.

en	These are not affected by immunization or most environmental mycobacteria, so they generate fewer false-positive results.
da	IGRA'er påvirkes ikke af immunisering eller af de fleste mykobakterier i miljøet, så de giver færre falsk positive resultater.

en	As of 2016, the WHO has 194 member states: all of the member states of the United Nations except for Liechtenstein, plus the Cook Islands and Niue.
da	Der er 193 lande med i WHO’s medlemskab, inklusiv EU's lande undtaget Liechtenstein og 2 ikke FN-relaterede nationer som er Niue og Cook Islands.

en	The classic symptoms of active TB are a chronic cough with blood-containing mucus, fever, night sweats, and weight loss.
da	Klassiske symptomer på aktiv TB er kronisk hoste med blodigt opspyt, feber, nattesved, og vægttab.

en	The concept is to invite researchers and other medical professionals to give lectures in an interdisciplinary approach that draws on Western and Eastern medicine, alternative medicine.
da	Konceptet er at invitere forskere og andet medicinsk fagfolk til at holde foredrag i en bevidst helhedsorienteret tilgang, der i lige så høj grad trækker på vestlig som østlig medicin, samt alternativ medicin, men også humanistiske forskere, såsom filosoffer og sociologer holder foredrag.

en	A run-off vote between these two cities was held to determine which would be eliminated.
da	En afstemning mellem disse to byer blev afholdt for at afgøre, hvilken by der skulle elimineres.

en	Varadkar was a prominent advocate of the same-sex marriage referendum.
da	Varadkar var en fremtrædende talsmand for folkeafstemningen om ægteskab mellem personer af samme køn.

en	Treatment with appropriate antibiotics kills bacteria and allows healing to take place.
da	Hvis man behandles med de rette antibiotika, slås bakterierne ihjel, og vævet kan hele.

en	India had the largest total incidence, with an estimated 2.0 million new cases.
da	Indien havde det største samlede antal tilfælde med et anslået antal på 2,0 millioner.

en	The resulting rapid change in viral genetics produces antigenic shifts, which are sudden changes from one antigen to another.
da	Dette medfører pludselig ændring i de virale genprodukter (antigen skift), som er en pludselig ændring fra et antigen til et andet.

en	Chronic infection can be cured about 95% of the time with antiviral medications such as sofosbuvir or simeprevir.
da	Kronisk infektion kan helbredes i omkring 90% af tiden så længe patienten bliver behandlet med medicin såsom sofosbuvir og simeprevir.

en	Tuberculosis is classified as one of the granulomatous inflammatory diseases.
da	Tuberkulose klassificeres som en granulomatøs betændelsessygdom.

en	Affected tissue is replaced by scarring and cavities filled with caseous necrotic material.
da	Ødelagt væv erstattes af arvæv og udhulninger udfyldes af kaseøst, nekrotisk materiale.

en	It contains living bacteria, and thus can spread the infection.
da	Materialet indeholder levende bakterier, der kan sprede infektionen.

en	This action would have collapsed the government and caused a general election.
da	Denne handling ville have forårsaget et sammenbrud af regeringen og forårsaget et stort valg.

en	Extracts from Semmelweis's 1861 book, The Etiology, Concept, and Prophylaxis of Childbed Fever were published in the January 2008 edition of Social Medicine
da	Uddrag fra Semmelweis' 1861 bog, The Etiology, Concept, and Prophylaxis of Childbed Fever blev udgivet i Januar 2008 udgaven af Social Medicine

en	He is Ireland's first, and the world's fourth, openly gay head of government in modern times, and first Taoiseach of Indian heritage.
da	Han er Irlands første og verdens fjerde, åbent homoseksuelle regeringschef i moderne tid.

en	A number of potential candidates are currently in phase I and II clinical trials.
da	Flere potentielle kandidater er nu i fase I og II kliniske forsøg.

en	The World Health Organization (WHO) has achieved some success with improved treatment regimens, and a small decrease in case numbers.
da	Verdenssundhedsorganisationen (WHO) har opnået rimelige resultater med forbedrede behandlingsplaner.

en	Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin achieved the first genuine success in immunization against tuberculosis in 1906, using attenuated bovine-strain tuberculosis.
da	Albert Calmette og Camille Guérin var de første, der immuniserede imod tuberkulose i 1906.

en	His government nearly collapsed as a result of the Garda whistleblower scandal and Tánaiste (Deputy Prime Minister) Frances Fitzgerald's role in it. Fianna Fáil, the main opposition party, who were in a confidence-and-supply agreement with Fine Gael, threatened a motion of no confidence in the Tánaiste.
da	Hans regering kollapsede næsten som et resultat af Garda whistleblower-skandalen og Tánaiste (vicepremierminister) Frances Fitzgeralds rolle i den. Fianna Fáil, det største oppositionsparti, der var i en tillids- og afstemningsaftale med Fine Gael, truede med et mistillidsvotum mod Tánaiste.

en	His second-level education took place at The King's Hospital in Palmerstown, a boarding school run by the Church of Ireland.
da	Hans uddannelse på andet niveau fandt sted på King's Hospital i Palmerstown, en internatskole, der drives af Church of Ireland.

en	This idea was first proposed by Robert Edgar Hope-Simpson in 1981.
da	Teorien blev introduceret første gang i 1965 af Robert Edgar Hope-Simpson.

en	The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and to further recognize and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future.
da	Midlet stimulerer kroppens immunforsvar, således at det kan genkende midlet som en trussel, ødelægge det og huske det, således at det senere har lettere ved at håndtere lignende mikroorganismer.

en	In the final vote, a head-to-head contest between Tokyo and Istanbul, Tokyo was selected by 60 votes to 36, as it got at least 49 votes needed for a majority.
da	I den endelige afstemning mellem Tokyo og Istanbul, blev Tokyo valgt med 60 stemmer mod 36.

en	Many resource-poor places as of 2011 have access to only sputum microscopy.
da	I 2011 har mange fattige steder stadig kun adgang til dyrkning af opspyt.

en	Archived from the original on 5 July 2007.
da	Illustreret videnskab, 2005

en	He said that the government would also lay out a road map for achieving a low carbon economy.
da	Han sagde, at regeringen også ville lave en køreplan for opnåelsen af en økonomi med et lavt carbon-aftryk.

en	No city won over 50% of the votes in the first round, and Madrid and Istanbul were tied for second place.
da	Ingen by vandt med over 50% af stemmerne i første runde, og Madrid og Istanbul blev bundet til andenpladsen.

en	Varadkar was co-opted to Fingal County Council in 2003, for the Castleknock local electoral area, as a replacement for Sheila Terry.
da	Varadkar blev valgt til Fingalamtsråd i 2003 for Castleknock-valgområdet som erstatning for Sheila Terry.

en	H1N1, which caused Spanish flu in 1918, and Swine Flu in 2009
da	H1N1: Den Spanske Syge i 1918, og Svineinfluenzaen i 2009

en	Varadkar stated he will refuse to ratify the EU–Mercosur free trade agreement unless Brazil commits to protecting the environment.
da	Varadkar sagde, at han vil nægte at ratificere frihandelsaftalen mellem EU og Mercosur, medmindre Brasilien forpligter sig til at beskytte miljøet.

en	Between 1838 and 1845, Dr. John Croghan, the owner of Mammoth Cave in Kentucky from 1839 onwards, brought a number of people with tuberculosis into the cave in the hope of curing the disease with the constant temperature and purity of the cave air; each died within a year.
da	Fra 1838 til 1845 bragte Dr. John Croghan, der ejede Mammoth Cave, folk med tuberkulose til hulen, i håb om at helbrede sygdommen med den konstante temperatur og den rene huleluft.

en	Symptoms of influenza can start quite suddenly one to two days after infection.
da	Almindeligvis opstår influenzasymptomer pludseligt en til to dage efter infektionen.

en	When respiratory symptoms are prominent, metal fume fever may be confused with acute bronchitis or pneumonia.
da	Efter et par timer opstår let irritation af luftvejene, feber og influenzalignende symptomer.

en	People believed this was caused by the original person with TB draining the life from the other family members.
da	Man troede, at den første TB-patient havde suget livet ud af de andre.

en	He is also the first head of government who is of half-Indian descent.
da	Han er også den første regeringschef, der er af halvindisk afstamning.

en	As a result, 22 were infected and five died.
da	22 personer blev ramt af smitten hvoraf 5 omkom.

en	M. microti is also rare and is seen almost only in immunodeficient people, although its prevalence may be significantly underestimated.
da	M. microti er også sjælden og ses mest hos mennesker med svækket immunforsvar, men den kan være mere udbredt, end vi tror.

en	While there is no cure, symptoms can be treated.
da	Tilstanden er uhelbredelig, men symptomerne kan behandles.

en	About 80% of people in many Asian and African countries test positive while 5–10% of people in the United States population test positive by the tuberculin test.
da	Ca. 80% af befolkningen i mange asiatiske og afrikanske lande tester positiv ved tuberkulinprøver, mens tallet i USA kun er 5-10%.

en	Brucellosis in humans is usually associated with consumption of unpasteurized milk and soft cheeses made from the milk of infected animals—primarily goats, infected with B. melitensis and with occupational exposure of laboratory workers, veterinarians, and slaughterhouse workers.
da	Brucellose, også kaldet Bangs sygdom, Gibraltar-feber, Malta-feber eller maltesisk feber er en zoonotisk infektionssygdom, der skyldes en lille gram-negativ stav-bakterie kaldet brucella, som man især kan få sydpå ved at spise ikke-varmebehandlede mælkeprodukter.

en	The Robert Koch Institute (abbreviated RKI) is a German federal government agency and research institute responsible for disease control and prevention.
da	Robert Koch-instituttet (RKI) er en tysk føderal institution ansvarlig for kontrol og forebyggelse af sygdom.

en	A number of groups, including the Stop TB Partnership, the South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, and the Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation, are involved with research.
da	Flere grupper deltager i forskningen, bl.a. Stop TB Partnership, South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative og Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation.

en	The applicant cities of Baku (Azerbaijan) and Doha (Qatar) were not promoted to candidate status.
da	De søgende byer Baku (Aserbajdsjan) og Doha (Qatar), blev ikke forfremmet til kandidatstatus.

en	Tuberculosis is spread through the air when people who have active TB in their lungs cough, spit, speak, or sneeze.
da	Tuberkulose smitter gennem luften, når personer med en aktiv TB-infektion hoster, nyser eller overfører spyt gennem luften.

en	"The latter two species are classified as ""nontuberculous mycobacteria"" (NTM)."
da	"De sidste to er klassificeret som ""ikke tuberkuløse mykobakterier"" på engelsk kaldet ""nontubercolous mycobacteria"" (NTM)."

en	During the initial infection people often have mild or no symptoms.
da	Tidligt i infektionsforløbet har smittede ofte milde, eller ingen symptomer.

en	It may be due to either better air flow, or poor lymph drainage within the upper lungs.
da	Måske angribes de øvre lunger mest på grund af den bedre luftgennemstrømning eller dårligt lymfeafløb.

en	Tuberculosis has been present in humans since ancient times.
da	Mennesket har lidt af tuberkulose siden oldtiden.

en	In Africa, it primarily affects adolescents and young adults.
da	I Afrika rammer det mest børn, unge mellem 12 og 18 samt unge mennesker.

en	Minister for Social Protection (2016–2017)
da	Minister for social beskyttelse (2016–2017)

en	During his time in the ministry, he launched a campaign against welfare fraud.
da	I løbet af sin tid i ministeriet lancerede han en kampagne mod velfærdssvindel.

en	"2014: ""Jung bleiben – alt werden"" (Staying young – getting old)"
da	2014: Jung bleiben – alt werden (Bliv ung - blive gammel)

en	Screening for viral hepatitis
da	Forklaring om sygdom og forbyggelse ved Hepatitis B

en	The symptoms most reliably seen in influenza are shown in the adjacent table.
da	De mest bekræftende symptomer på influenza er opgivet i tabellen til højre.

en	Child mortality is not only caused by infection and disorder, it is also caused by premature birth, birth defect, new born infection, birth complication, and diseases like malaria, sepsis, and diarrhea.
da	Årsagerne til børnedødelighed er bl.a. underernæring, aids, dårlig hygiejne, urent drikkevand, infektioner i luftvejene og sygdomme som f.eks. malaria og mæslinger.

en	"2016: ""Stress – Fluch oder Segen?"
da	2016: Stress – Fluch oder Segen?

en	The subsequent resurgence of tuberculosis resulted in the declaration of a global health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1993.
da	Tuberkulose kom så stærkt tilbage, at WHO i 1993 erklærede det en global sundhedsnødsituation.

en	Symptoms may include shortness of breath, cough, wheezing, and chest tightness.
da	Symptomer kan inkludere åndenød, hoste, at man hiver efter vejret og brystsmerter.

en	It is located in Berlin and Wernigerode.
da	RKI er lokaliseret i Berlin og Wernigerode er en del af Bundesministerium für Gesundheit.

en	Neurological conditions can include:
da	Influenzasymptomer inkluderer:

en	"The World Health Organization (WHO) declared TB a ""global health emergency"" in 1993, and in 2006, the Stop TB Partnership developed a Global Plan to Stop Tuberculosis that aimed to save 14 million lives between its launch and 2015."
da	"I 2006 udviklede ""Stop TB partnerskabet"" en global plan til udryddelse af tuberkulose, hvis mål er at redde 14 million liv før 2015."

en	"Koch announced a glycerine extract of the tubercle bacilli as a ""remedy"" for tuberculosis in 1890, calling it ""tuberculin""."
da	"Koch erklærede, at et glycerin-ekstrakt af tuberkel-bakterierne var en ""kur"" for tuberkulose i 1890."

en	The influenza A virus can be subdivided into different serotypes based on the antibody response to these viruses.
da	Influenza virus A kan underinddeles i forskellige serotyper ud fra antistofresponset mod disse vira.

en	Chronic lung disease is another significant risk factor.
da	Kronisk lungesygdom er endnu en risikofaktor.

en	"Using histological stains on expectorated samples from phlegm (also called ""sputum""), scientists can identify MTB under a microscope."
da	Ved hjælp af histologisk farvning i prøver af ophostet slim (også kaldet opspyt) kan forskere identificere MTB i et almindeligt mikroskop.

en	New influenza viruses are constantly evolving by mutation or by reassortment.
da	Nye influenzavira dannes konstant ved mutation eller genomudveksling.

en	International Harm Reduction Association
da	A position statement from the International Harm Reduction Association

en	Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) are the two large glycoproteins on the outside of the viral particles.
da	Hæmagglutinin (HA) og neuraminidase (NA) er to store glykoproteiner på overfladen af viruspartiklerne.

en	Reddened eyes, skin (especially face), mouth, throat and nose
da	Røde øjne, hud (især ansigt), mund, hals og næse

en	However, most infections with M. tuberculosis do not cause TB disease, and 90–95% of infections remain asymptomatic.
da	"Men de fleste infektioner med ""M. tuberculosis"" fører ikke til, at man får TB, og 90–95% af infektionerne er symptomfrie."

en	Lister promoted the idea of sterile surgery while working at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary.
da	Han fremsatte tanken om sterile operationer, mens han arbejdede ved Glasgow Royal Infirmary.

en	Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases; widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus from much of the world.
da	vaccination er i høj grad ansvarlig for udryddelse af verdenssygdommen kopper og begrænsning af sygdomme som polio, mæslinger og stivkrampe i en stor del af verden.

en	Twelve venues for 16 sports are situated farther than 8 kilometers (5 miles) from the Olympic Village.
da	Femten afviklingssteder vil blive placeret længere væk end 8 km fra den olympiske by.

en	Because of the emergence of MDR-TB, surgery has been re-introduced for certain cases of TB infections.
da	Multiresistent TB har gjort det acceptabelt igen at anvende kirurgi som behandling mod TB-infektioner.

en	TB infection begins when the mycobacteria reach the alveolar air sacs of the lungs, where they invade and replicate within endosomes of alveolar macrophages.
da	TB-infektionen begynder, når mykobakterierne når lungealveolerne, hvor de optages og deler sig i endosomerne i de alveolære makrofager.

en	Those who smoke cigarettes have nearly twice the risk of TB compared to nonsmokers.
da	Folk, der ryger cigaretter, har en næsten dobbelt så høj risiko for at få TB som ikke-rygere.

en	Varadkar stood in the leadership election to replace him; although more party members voted for his opponent, Simon Coveney, he won by a significant margin among members of the Oireachtas, and was elected leader on 2 June.
da	Varadkar stillede op til formandsskabet at erstatte ham, og selvom flere partimedlemmer stemte for hans modstander, Simon Coveney, vandt han formandsskabet med en betydelig margen blandt medlemmerne af Oireachtas og blev valgt til leder den 2. juni.

en	However, seasonal changes in infection rates also occur in tropical regions, and in some countries these peaks of infection are seen mainly during the rainy season.
da	Alligevel ses sæson-afhængige infektioner også i tropiske egne, hvor disse oftest topper i de regnfyldte, våde måneder.

en	In contrast to this model of pandemics based on antigenic drift and shift, an alternative approach has been proposed where the periodic pandemics are produced by interactions of a fixed set of viral strains with a human population with a constantly changing set of immunities to different viral strains.
da	I modsætning til denne pandemiteori er en alternativ hypotese blevet opsat, der postulerer at periodiske pandemier skyldes ændringer i populationens immunitet overfor virusstammerne frem for disses antigen drift og skift egenskaber.

en	His partner, Matthew Barrett, is a doctor at Mater Misericordiae University Hospital.
da	Hans partner, Matthew Barrett, er læge ved Mater Misericordiae University Hospital.

en	The notion of a connection between vaccines and autism originated in a 1998 paper published in The Lancet whose lead author was the physician Andrew Wakefield.
da	Myten om MFR-vaccinens bivirkninger for autisme stammer fra et studie lavet af den engelske læge Andrew Wakefield.

en	Minister for Transport, Tourism, and Sport (2011–2014)
da	Minister for transport, turisme og sport (2011–2014)

en	One of Varadkar's first acts as Taoiseach was to announce a referendum on abortion for 2018.
da	En af Varadkars første handlinger som Taoiseach var at annoncere en folkeafstemning om abort i 2018.

en	If a human influenza virus is produced that has entirely new antigens, everybody will be susceptible, and the novel influenza will spread uncontrollably, causing a pandemic.
da	Hvis en human influenzavirus dannes med fuldkommen nye antigener vil alle i populationen være modtagelige overfor denne, og det vil give ukontrollerbare spredningsmuligheder, som kan lede til pandemier.

en	This genus has one species, influenza C virus, which infects humans, dogs and pigs, sometimes causing both severe illness and local epidemics.
da	Dette virusmedlem har en virusart: Influenza C som inficerer mennesker, hunde og svin, hvor den nogle gange forårsager mere alvorlige sygdomme og lokale epidemier.

en	Part of the reasoning against the use of the vaccine is that it makes the tuberculin skin test falsely positive, reducing the test's usefulness as a screening tool.
da	En grund til at undgå vaccinen er, at den giver falsk positive resultater af tuberkulinprøver, så prøven kan ikke bruges til at screene for sygdommen.

en	Peginterferon and ribavirin were earlier generation treatments that had a cure rate of less than 50% and greater side effects.
da	Tidligere blev hepatitis C behandlet med en kombination af pegyleret interferon og ribavirin, som virkede i omkring 50%, og havde større bivirkninger.

en	Some of these venues were originally constructed for the 1964 Summer Olympics.
da	Flere af disse arenaer blev også brugt til Sommer-OL 1964.

en	Like Enda Kenny, Varadkar relied upon the support of Independents and the abstention of Fianna Fáil TDs to support his premiership.
da	Ligesom Enda Kenny, afhang Varadkar på støtte fra uafhængige parter og stemmeafståelse fra Fianna Fáil for at støtte hans premierministerskab.

en	H5N1, which caused Bird Flu in 2004
da	H5N1: Fugleinfluenzaen i 2004

en	Skeletal remains show some prehistoric humans (4000 BC) had TB, and researchers have found tubercular decay in the spines of Egyptian mummies dating from 3000 to 2400 BC. Genetic studies suggest the presence of TB in the Americas from about 100 AD.
da	Forskere har fundet tuberkuløse skeletændringer i egyptiske mumier fra 3000–2400 f.v.t.

en	During the 2015 same-sex marriage referendum, Varadkar came out as gay, becoming the first Irish minister to do so.
da	Under folkeafstemningen om ægteskab mellem to af samme køn i 2015 sprang Varadkar ud som homoseksuel og blev den første irske minister til at gøre det.

en	Hopes of completely eliminating TB ended with the rise of drug-resistant strains in the 1980s.
da	Der opstod modstandsdygtig TB i 1980'erne.

en	On 24 January 2019, Varadkar said in an interview with Euronews he was standing firm on the Irish backstop and called Brexit an act of self-harm that was not fully thought through.
da	"Den 24. januar 2019 sagde Varadkar i et interview med Euronews, at han stod fast på den irske backstop og kaldte Brexit: ""an act of self-harm"", som ikke var gennemtænkt fuldt ud."

en	These core proteins and vRNA form a complex that is transported into the cell nucleus, where the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase begins transcribing complementary positive-sense vRNA (Steps 3a and b).
da	Disse kerneproteiner og negativt-strenget vRNA danner et kompleks, som transporteres ind i cellekernen, hvor den RNA-afhængige RNA polymerase begynder at transskribere komplementært positivt-strenget vRNA (Stadie 3a og b).

en	Each region also has a regional office.
da	Herudover findes et utal af kontorer – et i hvert medlemsland.

en	Of these 1.45 million deaths, about 0.35 million occur in those also infected with HIV.
da	Af de 1,45 dødsfald var 0,35 millioner også smittet med HIV.

en	In 2007, the country with the highest estimated incidence rate of TB was Swaziland, with 1,200 cases per 100,000 people.
da	I 2007 var det land, man anslog, der havde de fleste tilfælde af TB, Swaziland med 1.200 tilfælde pr. 100.000 indbyggere.

en	H3N2, which caused Hong Kong Flu in 1968
da	H3N2: Hong Kong influenzaen i 1968

en	Upon cure, affected areas are eventually replaced by scar tissue.
da	Når sygdommen er kureret, erstattes de angrebne områder af arvæv.

en	Irish Times columnist Pat Leahy claimed Varadkar had ended 2017 'on a high' and IrishCentral called it the Taoiseach's 'finest hour'.
da	Irish Times-spaltist Pat Leahy hævdede, at Varadkar havde afsluttet 2017 'on a high', og IrishCentral kaldte det Taoiseachs 'fineste hour'.

en	Vaccines are hoped to play a significant role in treatment of both latent and active disease.
da	Det håbes, at vaccination kan spille en stor rolle i behandlingen af latent og aktiv TB.

en	He was admitted to Trinity College Dublin (TCD), where he briefly studied law.
da	Han blev optaget på Trinity College Dublin (TCD), hvor han kort studerede jura.

en	Infection of other organs can cause a wide range of symptoms.
da	Infektion i andre organer giver mange forskellige symptomer.

en	People with latent infections are treated to prevent them from progressing to active TB disease later in life.
da	Personer med latente infektioner modtager også behandling, så de ikke udvikler aktiv TB senere i livet.

en	The immunization was called vaccination because it was derived from a virus affecting cows (Latin: vacca 'cow').
da	Ordet vaccination stammer fra det latinske ord vacca, som betyder ko.

en	The World Health Organization (WHO), the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and the U.S. government are subsidizing a fast-acting diagnostic tuberculosis test for use in low- and middle-income countries as of 2012.
da	Verdenssunhedsorganisationen og Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation støtter en ny hurtigvirkende test, der kan bruges i lande med en lav eller mellemhøj indtægt.

en	Shortly after the Fitzgerald crisis, an impasse was reached in the Brexit talks, as leader of the DUP Arlene Foster objected to a deal agreed to by Varadkar, British Prime Minister Theresa May and President of the European Commission, Jean-Claude Juncker.
da	Kort efter Fitzgerald-krisen, mødte Brexit- forhandlingerne en blindgyde, da leder af DUP Arlene Foster modsatte sig en aftale, der var aftalt af Varadkar, den britiske premierminister Theresa May og præsident for Europa-Kommissionen, Jean-Claude Juncker.

en	These viruses are only distantly related to the human parainfluenza viruses, which are RNA viruses belonging to the paramyxovirus family that are a common cause of respiratory infections in children such as croup, but can also cause a disease similar to influenza in adults.
da	Disse vira er kun fjernt relateret til human parainfluenzavirus, som er RNA vira tilhørende paramyxovirusfamilien, der er en almindelig årsag til respiratoriske infektioner i børn som strubehoste (krup), men kan ligeledes forårsage influenzalignende symptomer blandt voksne.

en	A number of factors make people more susceptible to TB infections.
da	Der er flere faktorer, der gør folk mere modtagelige for TB-infektioner.

en	In Europe, rates of tuberculosis began to rise in the early 1600s to a peak level in the 1800s, when it caused nearly 25% of all deaths.
da	TB var på sit højeste i Europa i 1800-tallet, da det var skyld i næsten 25% af alle dødsfald.

en	Varadkar stated he was 'surprised' and 'disappointed' the UK couldn't reach a deal.
da	Varadkar sagde, at han var 'overrasket' og 'skuffet' over, at Storbritannien ikke kunne nå til en aftale.

en	Fingal County Council (2003–2007)
da	Fingal amtsråd (2003 – 2007)

en	Roughly three times per century, a pandemic occurs, which infects a large proportion of the world's population and can kill tens of millions of people (see pandemics section).
da	Gennem hvert århundrede forekommer der ca. tre pandemier, hvor en stor del af verdensbefolkningen inficeres og medfører millioner af dødsfald.

en	The oldest unambiguously detected M. tuberculosis gives evidence of the disease in the remains of bison in Wyoming dated to around 17,000 years ago.
da	"De første spor af ""M. tuberculosis"" er spor af sygdommen i resterne af en bison fra for ca. 17.000 år siden."

en	Being healthy in hectic times)
da	Vær sund i hektiske tider

en	Head injury is a broader category that may involve damage to other structures such as the scalp and skull.
da	Hovedskade er en bredere kategori der involverer skader af andre strukturer såsom issen og kraniet.

en	"In May 2011, Varadkar suggested Ireland was ""very unlikely"" to resume borrowing in 2012 and might need a second bailout, causing jitters on international markets about Ireland's credibility."
da	"I maj 2011 antydede Varadkar, at det var ""meget usandsynligt"" for Irland at genoptage låntagning i 2012 og muligvis har brug for en anden bailout, hvilket forårsagede spekulationer på internationale markeder om Irlands troværdighed."

en	This reduced rate of antigenic change, combined with its limited host range (inhibiting cross species antigenic shift), ensures that pandemics of influenza B do not occur.
da	Den nedsatte antigene ændring kombineret med dets evne til kun at inficere mennesker, (og på den måde hindre at udveksle genetisk materiale med andre virus i andre dyrearter antigent skift) sikrer at pandemier med influenza B virus ikke forekommer.

en	"In July 2017, Pixar announced a ""suburban fantasy world"" film at the D23 Expo, with Scanlon directing and Rae producing."
da	"I juli 2017 annoncerede Pixar en ""urban fantasy""-film på D23 Expo, med Dan Scanlon som instruktør."

en	RNA tends to be single stranded but in special cases it is double.
da	Oftest er RNA'et enkelstrenget, men i specielle tilfælde har der været dokumenteret dobbeltstrenget.

en	Though Varadkar was born to a Hindu father and a Catholic mother, his parents made the decision to raise him in the Catholic faith.
da	Varadkars forældre blev enige om at opdrage deres søn, født til en hinduisk far og en katolsk mor, i den katolske tro.

en	A number of vaccines are in development as of 2011.
da	Nye vacciner er under udvikling.

en	Varadkar was selected for the Washington Ireland Program for Service and Leadership (WIP), a prestigious half-year personal and professional development program in Washington, D.C., for students from Ireland.
da	Varadkar blev valgt til Washington Irland-programmet for service og ledelse (WIP), et prestigefyldt halvt års personligt- og professionelt udviklingsprogram i Washington D.C., for studerende fra Irland.

en	He is not, however, the youngest head of an Irish government; both Éamon de Valera and Michael Collins were younger on assuming their respective offices in revolutionary governments prior to the establishment of the state.
da	Han er dog ikke den yngste leder af en irsk regering; både Éamon de Valera og Michael Collins var yngre da de overtog deres respektive stillinger inden oprettelsen af den nuværende irske republik.

en	Varadkar was twenty years old and a second-year medical student when he unsuccessfully contested the 1999 local elections in the Mulhuddart electoral area.
da	Varadkar var tyve år gammel og medicinstuderende på andet år, da han uden held stillede op til lokalvalget i 1999 i Mulhuddart-valgområdet.

en	The World Health Assembly (WHA) is the legislative and supreme body of WHO.
da	Dvs. at World Health Assembly er WHO's besluttende organ.

en	In January 2018, his opinion poll approval ratings reached 60%, a ten-year high for any Taoiseach.
da	I januar 2018 nåede hans tilfredshedsvurdering fra vælgerne 60%, hvilket er det højeste for enhver Taoiseach.

en	"In one of his final acts as Minister for Health, Varadkar cut €12 million from the €35 million allocated to that year's budget for mental health care, telling the Dáil that the cuts were ""necessary as the funding could be better used elsewhere."""
da	"I en af sine sidste handlinger som sundhedsminister beskar Varadkar året budget til mental sundhed fra 35 millioner euro til 43 millioner euro og fortalte Dáil, at nedskæringerne var ""nødvendige, da finansieringen bedre kunne bruges andre steder."""

en	"He also said the technology promised by the Brexiteers to solve the Northern Ireland border issue ""doesn't yet exist""."
da	"Han sagde også, at teknologien, som Brexit-fortalere havde lovet til at løse Nordirlands grænseproblem ""ikke eksisterer endnu""."

en	Early on chronic infection typically has no symptoms.
da	Tidligt i forløbet har kronisk infektion typisk ingen symptomer.

en	Furthermore, they are antigens to which antibodies can be raised.
da	Yderligere er disse antigener, hvortil der dannes antistoffer imod.

en	The chance of death from a case of tuberculosis is about 4% as of 2008, down from 8% in 1995.
da	Risikoen for at dø af tuberkulose var ca. 4% i 2008.

en	Although it was not effective, it was later successfully adapted as a screening test for the presence of pre-symptomatic tuberculosis.
da	"Selvom ""tuberkulin"" ikke var effektivt, kunne det anvendes til at undersøge, om en person havde præsymptomatisk tuberkulose."

en	Important discoveries as to its mechanism were made during the Blitz of London in 1941.
da	Tilstanden blev første gang beskrevet som følger af knusningsskader opstået under Blitzen i London under 2. verdenskrig.

en	Varadkar was born in Dublin and studied medicine at Trinity College Dublin.
da	Varadkar blev født i Dublin og studerede medicin ved Trinity College Dublin.

en	Active TB is best treated with combinations of several antibiotics to reduce the risk of the bacteria developing antibiotic resistance.
da	Aktiv TB behandles bedst med en kombination af flere antibiotika for at mindske risikoen for at bakterierne udvikler antibiotikaresistens.

en	Phthisis (Φθισις) is a Greek word for consumption, an old term for pulmonary tuberculosis; around 460 BCE, Hippocrates described phthisis as a disease of dry seasons.
da	"Phthisis er et græsk ord for ""tæring,"" som er en gammel betegnelse for lungetuberkulose."

en	Symptoms may include chest pain and a prolonged cough producing sputum.
da	Symptomerne kan omfatte brystsmerter og længerevarende produktiv hoste.

en	Mutations can cause small changes in the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens on the surface of the virus.
da	Under replikation og deling kan mutationer forårsage mindre ændringer i hæmagglutinin og neuramidase-antigenerne på overfladen af de nye viruspartikler.

en	The Danish director Nils Malmros's movie, Facing the Truth (original Danish title At Kende Sandheden) from 2002, portrays the dilemma that faced Malmros's father, Richard Malmros, when treating his patients in the 1940s.
da	Nils Malmros' film At kende sandheden skildrer blandt andet brugen af Thorotrast gennem hans far, neurokirurgen Richard Malmros' arbejde.

en	At the 2004 local elections, he received the highest first-preference vote in the country with 4,894 votes and was elected on the first count.
da	Ved lokalvalget i 2004 modtog han den højeste førsteprioritetsstemme i landet med 4.894 stemmer og blev valgt ved den første optælling.

en	If passed, it would allow the government to introduce new legislation.
da	Hvis vedtaget, ville det give regeringen mulighed for at indføre ny lovgivning.

en	Tokyo, Istanbul, and Madrid were the three candidate cities.
da	Tokyo, Istanbul, og Madrid var de tre kandidatbyer.

en	All parts of the body can be affected by the disease, though for unknown reasons it rarely affects the heart, skeletal muscles, pancreas, or thyroid.
da	Tuberkulose kan angribe alle dele af kroppen, men af en eller anden grund angriber den sjældent hjerte, skeletmuskulatur, bugspytkirtel, eller skjoldbruskkirtel.

en	Varadkar is the first Irish government leader of Indian origin and has visited India on a number of occasions.
da	Varadkar er den første irske regeringsleder af indisk oprindelse og har besøgt Indien ved en række lejligheder.

en	Treatment requires the use of multiple antibiotics over a long period of time.
da	TB er svær at behandle, og man er nødt til at tage antibiotika i en længere periode.

en	This severe form of TB disease, most common in young children and those with HIV, is called miliary tuberculosis.
da	Denne alvorlige type TB kaldes miliærtuberkulose, og den er mest udbredt blandt små børn og HIV-patienter.

en	By the 1950s mortality in Europe had decreased about 90%.
da	Dødeligheden faldt med næsten 90% i 1950'erne.

en	Bone and joint infections
da	Forekomst, smittekilder og smitteveje

en	He was returned to the Dáil at the 2016 general election.
da	Han blev vendt tilbage til Dáil ved valget i 2016.

en	The lower air humidity in winter seems to be the main cause of seasonal influenza transmission in temperate regions.
da	Især ser det ud til at lavere luftfugtighed om vinteren, er en betydelig årsag til influenzasmitte i tempereret egne.

en	"I don't play the sports."""
da	"Jeg spiller ikke sport."""

en	Primary resistance occurs when a person becomes infected with a resistant strain of TB.
da	Primær resistens opstår, hvis en person smittes med en resistent stamme af TB.

en	It was also the first time that one Fine Gael Taoiseach was succeeded by another.
da	Det var også første gang, at en Fine Gael-Taoiseach blev efterfulgt af en anden.

en	Increased travel due to the Northern Hemisphere winter holiday season may also play a role.
da	Øget rejsetendens som følge af vinterferierne blandt den nordlige halvkugles populationer, menes også at spille en rolle.

en	Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that primarily affects the liver.
da	Hepatitis C er en smitsom sygdom forårsaget af hepatitis C-virus (HCV), der primært påvirker leveren.

en	The risk of reactivation increases with immunosuppression, such as that caused by infection with HIV.
da	Risikoen øges, hvis immunforsvaret svækkes, som det fx er tilfældet, hvis man inficeres med HIV.

en	In 2004, he joined Fine Gael and became a member of Fingal County Council and later served as Deputy Mayor.
da	I 2004 sluttede han sig til Fine Gael og blev medlem af Fingal amtsråd og fungerede senere som borgmester.

en	Pulmonary aspiration is the entry of material such as pharyngeal secretions, food or drink, or stomach contents from the oropharynx or gastrointestinal tract, into the larynx (voice box) and lower respiratory tract, the portions of the respiratory system from the trachea (windpipe) to the lungs.
da	Aspiration benyttes også som udtryk for passage af sekreter eller fremmedlegemer som f.eks. vand, opkast gennem luftrøret og ned i lungerne, herunder også fremmedlegemer som en sabelslugers sværd.

en	He graduated from the School of Medicine (Trinity College Dublin) in 2003, after he completed his internship at KEM Hospital in Mumbai.
da	Han graduerede fra School of Medicine (Trinity College Dublin) i 2003, efter at han havde afsluttet sin praktikplads ved KEM Hospital i Mumbai.

en	In many people, the infection waxes and wanes.
da	Hos mange patienter aftager og tiltager infektionen.

en	"It was historically called ""consumption"" due to the weight loss."
da	"Før i tiden kaldte man TB for ""tæring"", fordi patienterne tabte vægt."

en	To the naked eye, this has the texture of soft, white cheese and is termed caseous necrosis.
da	Med det blotte øje minder nekrosen om blød, hvid ost, og den kaldes derfor kaseøs (osteagtig) nekrose.

en	A chest X-ray and multiple sputum cultures for acid-fast bacilli are typically part of the initial evaluation.
da	Et røntgenbillede af brystkassen og flere opdyrkninger af opspyt for syrefaste bakterier indgår normalt i den første udredning.

en	"In June 2019, to mark the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall riots, an event widely considered a watershed moment in the modern LGBTQ rights movement, Queerty named him one of the Pride50 ""trailblazing individuals who actively ensure society remains moving towards equality, acceptance and dignity for all queer people""."
da	"I juni 2019, for at markere 50-årsdagen for Stonewall-optøjerne, en begivenhed, der i vid udstrækning blev betragtet som et vandskel i den moderne LGBTQ-rettighedsbevægelse, udnævnte Queerty ham til en af Pride50's ""banebrydende individer, der aktivt sikrer samfundet forbliver i retning af lighed, accept og værdighed for alle queer mennesker""."

en	HCV is spread primarily by blood-to-blood contact associated with intravenous drug use, poorly sterilized medical equipment, needlestick injuries in healthcare, and transfusions.
da	HCV spredes primært ved blod til blod kontakt, der er forbundet med intravenøs stofbrug, dårligt steriliseret medicinsk udstyr, nålestiksskader i sundhedsvæsenet, og blodtransfusion.

en	Lead poisoning is a type of metal poisoning caused by lead in the body.
da	Blyforgiftning er en type metalforgiftning, der er forårsaget af for meget bly.

en	NTM cause neither TB nor leprosy, but they do cause lung diseases that resemble TB.
da	Disse bakterier giver ikke TB eller spedalskhed, men de giver andre lungesygdomme, der minder om TB.

en	IMPACT - International Health Impact Assessment Consortium
da	IMPACT – International Health Impact Assessment Consortium

en	The referendum was passed by a 2:1 majority.
da	Folkeafstemningen blev vedtaget med et flertal på 2:1.

en	Government satisfaction was also at 41%, the highest in almost 10 years.
da	Regeringens tilfredshed var også 41%, den højeste i næsten 10 år.

en	He later served in the Kenny Government, as Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport from 2011 to 2014, Minister for Health from 2014 to 2016, and Minister for Social Protection from 2016 to 2017.
da	Han blev senere minister for social beskyttelse fra 2016 til 2017, minister for sundhed fra 2014 til 2016 og minister for transport, turisme og sport fra 2011 til 2014 under Kenny-regeringen.

en	Other viral proteins have multiple actions in the host cell, including degrading cellular mRNA and using the released nucleotides for vRNA synthesis and also inhibiting translation of host-cell mRNAs.
da	Andre virale proteiner har en lang række forskellige mekanismer i værtscellen, bl.a. at nedbryde cellulært mRNA, og bruge de frigivne nukleotider til vRNA syntese, og også hæmme den almene cellulære translation af mRNA.

en	In May 2017, Kenny announced that he would resign as Taoiseach and Fine Gael Leader.
da	I maj 2017 annoncerede Kenny, at han ville fratræde som Taoiseach og leder af Fine Gael.

en	These include alcoholism and diabetes mellitus (three-fold increase).
da	Andre tilstande kan også øge risikoen for at udvikle tuberkulose, blandt andet alkoholisme og diabetes mellitus (tre gange så høj risiko).

en	However, the difficult culture process for this slow-growing organism can take two to six weeks for blood or sputum culture.
da	Dog kan den vanskelige dyrkningsproces af denne langsomtvoksende organisme tage mellem to og seks uger for blod og opspyt.

en	However, influenza B mutates enough that lasting immunity is not possible.
da	Influenza B muterer dog tilstrækkeligt til at vedvarende immunitet ikke er muligt.

en	H2N2, which caused Asian Flu in 1957
da	H2N2: Den Asiatiske influenza i 1957

en	He decided to write the story after hearing an audio clip of his father.
da	Han besluttede at skrive historien efter at have hørt et lydklip af sin far.

en	In Canada and Australia, tuberculosis is many times more common among the aboriginal peoples, especially in remote areas.
da	I Canada og Australien er tuberkulose meget mere udbredt blandt den oprindelige befolkning især i fjerntliggende områder.

en	However, whether tuberculosis originated in bovines, then transferred to humans, or whether both bovine and human tuberculosis  diverged from a common ancestor, remains unclear.
da	Det er dog ikke klart, om tuberkulose opstod i kvæg og så blev overført til mennesket, eller om det er kommet fra en fælles ane.

en	Another feature of the granulomas is the development of abnormal cell death (necrosis) in the center of tubercles.
da	Endnu en egenskab ved granulomerne er, at de udvikler abnormal celledød (nekrose) midt i tuberklerne.

en	He spent several years as a non-consultant hospital doctor, eventually qualifying as a general practitioner in 2010.
da	Han tilbragte flere år som en ikke-konsulent hospital læge, og til sidst kvalificerede sig til en praktiserende læge i 2010.

en	(eds.).
da	[kilde mangler]

en	It may also be spread from an infected mother to her baby during birth.
da	Virusen kan også sprede sig fra en smittet mor til hendes barn under fødslen.

en	However, despite these varied shapes, the viral particles of all influenza viruses are similar in composition.
da	Trods de varierende former er viruspartiklerne ens i sammensætningen.

en	He completed his medical internship at KEM Hospital in his father's childhood city of Mumbai.
da	Han afsluttede sit medicinske praktikophold på KEM Hospital i sin fars barndomsby Mumbai.

en	For the average person, viral shedding tends to peak on day two, whereas symptoms peak on day three.
da	Gennemsnitligt plejer virusspredning at toppe på 2. dagen, mens symptomerne topper på 3. dagen.

en	Occasionally a fever, dark urine, abdominal pain, and yellow tinged skin occurs.
da	Lejlighedsvis har de feber, mørk urin, mavesmerter, og gul farvet hud.

en	When people with active pulmonary TB cough, sneeze, speak, sing, or spit, they expel infectious aerosol droplets 0.5 to 5.0 µm in diameter.
da	Når personer med aktiv pulmonal TB hoster, nyser, taler, synger eller spytter, spreder de smittebærende luftbårne dråber med en diameter mellem 0,5 og 5 µm.

en	Onward is a 2020 American computer-animated urban fantasy-adventure film produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Pixar Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.
da	(Se også artikler, som begynder med Fremad)Fremad er en amerikansk computeranimeret fantasyfilm fra 2020, instrueret af Dan Scanlon, og udgivet af Pixar Animation Studios.

en	He has also been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin West constituency since 2007.
da	Han har også været Teachta Dála (parlamentsmedlem), valgt i Dublin West-valgkredsen, siden 2007.

en	Child mortality refers to number of child deaths under the age of 5 per 1000 live births.
da	Børnedødelighed er udtryk for det antal levendefødte børn af tusind i en fødselsårgang, der dør før deres fyldte 5. år.

en	His father was born in Bombay (now Mumbai), India, and moved to the United Kingdom in the 1960s, to work as a doctor.
da	Hans far blev født i Mumbai, Indien, og flyttede til Storbritannien i 1960'erne for at arbejde som læge.

en	The M2 ion channel is blocked by amantadine drugs, preventing infection.
da	M2 ionkanalen blokeres af amantadinmedikamenter, som hindrer infektion.

en	Compounds such as glycerol may be added to prevent drying of the skin.
da	[kilde mangler] Håndsprit indeholder i mange tilfælde en mindre mængde glycerin for at modvirke den udtørrende effekt på huden.

en	As a result of this lack of antigenic diversity, a degree of immunity to influenza B is usually acquired at an early age.
da	Som følge af en mangel på større antigen variation udvikles en mindre grad af immuntitet mod influenza B tidligt i barndommen.

en	Hepatitis is most commonly caused by the viruses hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Other causes include heavy alcohol use, certain medications, toxins, other infections, autoimmune diseases, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
da	I daglig tale dækker hepatitis typisk over de smitsomme leverbetændelser forårsaget af en følgende virussygdomme: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, C, D og E. Hepatitis dækker dog også over betændelse i leveren udløst af alkohol samt den ikke-alkoholiske fedtleverbetændelde, Non-alkoholisk steatohepatitis, der er forbundet med overvægt og Type-2 diabetes.

en	Born on 18 January 1979, in the Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Varadkar is the third child and only son of Ashok and Miriam (née Howell) Varadkar.
da	Varadkar blev født den 18. januar 1979 på Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, og er det tredje barn og eneste søn af Ashok og Miriam (førdt Howell) Varadkar.

en	One possible explanation is that, because people are indoors more often during the winter, they are in close contact more often, and this promotes transmission from person to person.
da	En mulig forklaring er, at i vintermånederne opholder vi os indendørs og er derved i tæt kontakt, som øger risikoen for person til person smitte.

en	There is no vaccine against hepatitis C. Prevention includes harm reduction efforts among people who use intravenous drugs and testing donated blood.
da	Der er ingen vaccine mod hepatitis C. Forbyggende aktiviteter omfatter skadebegrænsende indsats for mennesker, der bruger intravenøs medicin, og ved at teste donorblod.

en	He subsequently published his results in The Lancet in a series of six articles, running from March through July 1867.
da	Metoden blev fremlagt i 3 artikler i The Lancet i 1867 og 1868.

en	In 2010, 8.8 million new cases of TB were diagnosed, and 1.20–1.45 million deaths occurred, most of these occurring in developing countries.
da	I 2010 kom der ca. 8.8 millioner nye tilfælde, og 1.5 million døde som følge af sygdommen, mest i ulande.

en	He was educated at the St Francis Xavier National School, Blanchardstown.
da	Han blev uddannet på St Francis Xavier National School, Blanchardstown.

en	An Irish Times poll taken during these days showed Varadkar with a 53% approval rating, the highest for any Taoiseach since 2011, and showed Fine Gael with an eleven-point lead over Fianna Fáil.
da	En Irish Times-meningsmåling, der blev taget i disse dage, viste Varadkar med en tillidsgrad på 53%, den højeste for nogen Taoiseach siden 2011, og viste Fine Gael med en elleve-procentpoints føring over Fianna Fáil.

en	If a tuberculosis infection does become active, it most commonly involves the lungs (in about 90% of cases).
da	Hvis en tuberkuloseinfektion bliver aktiv, angriber den i 90% af tilfældene lungerne.

en	It was proposed that women would be allowed unrestricted access to abortion up until 12 weeks, with exceptions if the mother's life is in danger up until six months.
da	Det blev foreslået, at kvinder skulle få ubegrænset adgang til abort indtil 12 uger, med undtagelser, hvis moderens liv er i fare indtil seks måneder.

en	The seat of the organization is in Geneva, Switzerland.
da	Den har hovedsæde i Geneve i Schweiz.

en	Caroline M De Costa, The contagiousness of childbed fever : a short history of puerperal sepsis and its treatment, eMJA The Medical Journal of Australia, MJA 2002 177 (11/12): 668–671
da	Caroline M De Costa, The contagiousness of childbed fever : a short history of puerperal sepsis and its treatment, eMJA The Medical Journal of Australia, MJA 2002 177 (11/12): 668-671

en	In response to a polio epidemic (where many patients required constant ventilation and surveillance), Bjørn Aage Ibsen established the first intensive care unit in Copenhagen in 1953.
da	Verdens første egentlige intensive afdeling blev etableret under polioepidemien i 1952 af Bjørn Ibsen på Blegdamshospitalet i København.

en	Other known pathogenic mycobacteria include M. leprae, M. avium, and M. kansasii.
da	"Andre kendte patogene mykobakterier er ""M. leprae,"" ""M. avium,"" og ""M."

en	Shortly after this, Varadkar appointed former leadership rival and Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade Simon Coveney as Tánaiste, Heather Humphreys as Minister for Business, Enterprise and Innovation and Josepha Madigan as Minister for Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, in a small reshuffle of the cabinet.
da	Kort efter dette udnævnte Varadkar den tidligere lederrival og udenrigsminister Simon Coveney som Tánaiste, Heather Humphreys som erhvervs- og innovationsminister og Josepha Madigan som minister for kultur, kulturarv og Gaeltacht i en lille ministerrokade.

en	The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that licensed vaccines are currently available for twenty-five different preventable infections.
da	Verdenssundhedsorganisationen WHO reporterer at licenserede vacciner i dag er ansvarlige for forebyggelse eller kontrol af 25 infektionssygdomme.

en	Lister successfully introduced carbolic acid (now known as phenol) to sterilise surgical instruments and to clean wounds.
da	"Lister indførte med succes anvendelsen af ""karbolvand"", en 2% opløsning af karbol i vand (karbol benævnes i dag fenol), ved sterilisering af operationsudstyr og til rensning af sår, som tidligere havde medført infektioner i forbindelse med operationer."

en	Structure, properties, and subtype nomenclature
da	Struktur, egenskaber og serotypenormenklatur

en	"2018: ""Genuss – Sucht – Gesundheit"" (Joy – Addiction – Health)"
da	2018: Genuss – Sucht – Gesundheit (Nydelse - Afhængighed - Sundhed)

en	Hepatitis C infects only humans and chimpanzees.
da	Hepatitis C kan kun smitte mennesker og chimpanser.

en	Staff operates from the Centre's headquarters in the Stockholm metropolitan area.
da	Organisationen har hovedsæde i Stockholm.

en	To encourage further discovery, researchers and policymakers are promoting new economic models of vaccine development as of 2006, including prizes, tax incentives, and advance market commitments.
da	For at fremme yderligere opdagelser har forskere og politiske beslutningstagere udviklet nye økonomiske modeller for udvikling af vacciner, bl.a. priser, skatteincitamenter og AMC.

en	People traveling to an area with endemic hepatitis A
da	Forklaring om sygdom og forbyggelse ved Hepatitis A

en	In 1854, Florence Nightingale left for the Crimean War, where triage was used to separate seriously wounded soldiers from the non-life-threatening conditions.
da	Den intensive behandling har rødder tilbage til 1854, hvor Florence Nightingale under Krimkrigen havde succes med at isolere de hårdt kvæstede soldater fra de mindre kvæstede.

en	The probability of transmission from one person to another depends upon several factors, including the number of infectious droplets expelled by the carrier, the effectiveness of ventilation, the duration of exposure, the virulence of the M. tuberculosis strain, the level of immunity in the uninfected person, and others.
da	Disse faktorer omfatter antallet af smittebærende dråber, bæreren spreder; hvor effektivt omgivelserne er ventileret; hvor længe personen udsættes for risiko; hvor virulent M. tuberculosis stammen er; og hvor godt et immunforsvar den usmittede person har.

en	In contrast, when influenza viruses reassort, they acquire completely new antigens—for example by reassortment between avian strains and human strains; this is called antigenic shift.
da	Modsat når influenza udveksler gensegmenter, erhverver disse sig fuldkommen nye antigener, f.eks. udveksling mellem en aviær stamme og en human stamme.

en	Sexual transmission of hepatitis C is uncommon.
da	Hepatitis C spredes ikke ved normal kontakt.

en	Totally drug-resistant TB is resistant to all currently used drugs.
da	Total resistent tuberkulose er resistent over for samtlige eksisterende lægemidler.

en	The high lipid content of this pathogen accounts for many of its unique clinical characteristics.
da	Mange af denne sygdomsfremkaldende bakteries unikke kliniske kendetegn skyldes dens høje indhold af lipider.

en	M. canetti is rare and seems to be limited to the Horn of Africa, although a few cases have been seen in African emigrants.
da	M. canetti er sjælden og synes kun at findes på Afrikas Horn, selvom der har været nogle få tilfælde blandt afrikanske emigranter.

en	Although Coveney had the support of more Fine Gael members than Varadkar, the electoral college system more strongly weighted the votes of the party's parliamentarians, with these strongly backing Varadkar.
da	Selvom Coveney havde støtte fra flere Fine Gael-medlemmer end Varadkar, vægtede valgmandssystemmet partiet parlamentsmedlemmer højere, og disse støttede stærkt Varadkar.

en	Varadkar said he would campaign for liberalising the laws, saying his mind was changed by difficult cases during his tenure as Minister for Health.
da	Varadkar sagde, at han ville være fortaler for at liberalisere lovene og sagde, at hans holdning blev ændret af vanskelige sager i hans embedsperiode som sundhedsminister.

en	Both strains of the tuberculosis bacteria share a common ancestor, which could have infected humans even before the Neolithic Revolution.
da	Begge stammer af tuberkulosebakterien har en fælles stamfader, som måske har inficeret mennesker helt tilbage til den neolitiske revolution.

en	Mycobacteria infect many different animals, including birds, rodents, and reptiles.
da	Mykobakterier rammer mange forskellige dyr også fugle, gnavere, og krybdyr.

en	In 2019, Headley and Bunin were hired to rewrite the screenplay.
da	I 2019 blev Jason Headley og Keith Bunin ansat for at omskrive manuskriptet.

en	Blood tests to detect antibodies are not specific or sensitive, so they are not recommended.
da	Blodprøver for antistoffer er ikke specifikke eller sensitive, så de anbefales ikke.

en	However, in countries where incidence rates have declined dramatically (such as the United States), TB is mainly a disease of older people and the immunocompromised (risk factors are listed above).
da	Men i de lande, såsom USA, hvor der er meget færre tilfælde, er TB mest en sygdom, der rammer de ældre og folk med svækket immunforsvar.

en	If someone does become infected, it typically takes three to four weeks before the newly infected person becomes infectious enough to transmit the disease to others.
da	Hvis en person er blevet smittet, tager det typisk tre til fire uger, før infektionen er voldsom nok til, at personen kan overføre sygdommen til andre.

en	During the first half of the 1900s the risk of transmission from this source was dramatically reduced after the application of the pasteurization process.
da	Senere blev risikoen for overførsel ad denne vej kraftigt reduceret, da man opfandt pasteuriseringsprocessen.

en	Diagnosis of latent TB relies on the tuberculin skin test (TST) or blood tests.
da	Latent TB kan diagnosticeres med en tuberkulinprøve og blodprøver.

en	A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins.
da	Det fremstilles ofte af svækkede eller dræbte former for mikrober, dets toksiner eller dets proteiner.

en	If effective treatment is not given, the death rate for active TB cases is up to 66%.
da	Hvis man ikke modtager effektiv behandling, er dødeligheden for aktiv TB op til 66%.

en	A person with fully susceptible MTB may develop secondary (acquired) resistance during therapy because of inadequate treatment, not taking the prescribed regimen appropriately (lack of compliance), or using low-quality medication.
da	En person kan udvikle sekundær resistens på grund af utilstrækkelig behandling, hvis de ikke tager de ordinerede lægemidler korrekt, eller hvis de bruger lægemidler af lav kvalitet.

en	"In 1815 one in four deaths in England was due to ""consumption""."
da	"I 1815 skyldtes et af fire dødsfald i England ""tæring""."

en	Macrophages, epithelioid cells, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and fibroblasts  aggregate to form granulomas, with lymphocytes surrounding the infected macrophages.
da	Makrofager, T-lymfocytter, B-lymfocytter og fibroblaster er nogle af de celler, der samler sig og danner granulomer.

en	Where resistance to isoniazid is high, ethambutol may be added for the last four months as an alternative.
da	Hvis resistensen mod isoniazid er høj, kan der bruge ethambutol i de sidste fire måneder.

en	However, they are affected by M. szulgai, M. marinum, and M. kansasii.
da	"De reagerer dog på ""M. szulgai,"" ""M. marinum"" og ""M. kansasii""."

en	If tuberculosis recurs, testing to determine which antibiotics it is sensitive to is important before determining treatment.
da	Hvis tuberkulosen vender tilbage, skal der tages prøver for at fastslå, hvilke antibiotika, den er sensitiv overfor, før man fastlægger behandlingen.

en	Testing is recommended in all people who are at risk.
da	Testen anbefales for alle mennesker, der er i risikogrupperne.

en	The family moved to India, before settling in Dublin in 1973, where their second child, Sonia, was born.
da	Familien flyttede til Indien, før de bosatte sig i Dublin i 1973, hvor deres andet barn, Sonia, blev født.

en	Individuals can become immune by recovering from an earlier infection or through vaccination.
da	Den immune del af populationen kan have opnået immuniteten enten ved tidligere at have haft infektionen eller gennem vaccination.

en	Extensively drug-resistant TB is also resistant to three or more of the six classes of second-line drugs.
da	Ekstremt resistent tuberkulose er også resistent over for tre eller flere af de seks klasser af andenlinjelægemidler.

en	Norovirus infection is characterized by nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and in some cases, loss of taste.
da	Norovirus er en hårdfør virus der giver akut diarré og opkastning.

en	A person with active but untreated tuberculosis may infect 10–15 (or more) other people per year.
da	En person med aktiv men ubehandlet tuberkulose kan smitte 10-15 (eller flere) andre om året.

en	Diagnosing active tuberculosis based only on signs and symptoms is difficult, as is diagnosing the disease in those who have a weakened immune system.
da	Det er vanskeligt at diagnosticere aktiv tuberkulose udelukkende ud fra tegn og symptomer.

en	These dormant bacilli produce active tuberculosis in 5–10% of these latent cases, often many years after infection.
da	Den latente infektion bliver til aktiv tuberkulose i 5–10% af tilfældene, og det sker tit mange år efter infektionen.

en	He received the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1905 for this discovery.
da	Han modtog Nobelprisen i fysiologi eller medicin i 1905 for opdagelsen.

en	Tuberculosis is the second-most common cause of death from infectious disease (after those due to HIV/AIDS).
da	Tuberkulose er den næstmest udbredte dødsårsag blandt infektionssygdommene (kun overgået af HIV/AIDS).

en	A number of targets they set were not achieved by 2015, mostly due to the increase in HIV-associated tuberculosis and the emergence of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis.
da	Flere af deres mål kan næppe nås inden 2015, især på grund af stigningen i HIV-relaterede TB-tilfælde, og fordi der er opstået multiresistent tuberkulose.

en	In some cases, those with cirrhosis will develop serious complications such as liver failure, liver cancer, or dilated blood vessels in the esophagus and stomach.
da	Nogle patienter med skrumpelever udvikler komplikationer såsom leversvigt, leverkræft, eller esophageal og gastriske varicer.

en	Interferon-γ release assays and tuberculin skin tests are of little use in the developing world.
da	Interferon-gamma frigørelsesanalyser (IGRA'er) og tuberkulinprøver kan ikke bruges i den tredje verden.

en	Another factor is that cold temperatures lead to drier air, which may dehydrate mucus particles.
da	En anden faktor er at kolde temperaturer fører til en tørrere luft, som kan dehydrere slimhinderne, og hindre effektiv fjernelse af viruspartikler.

en	The test may be falsely negative in those with sarcoidosis, Hodgkin's lymphoma, malnutrition, and most notably, active tuberculosis.
da	Andre grupper, der kan give et falsk positivt resultat, er personer med sarkoidose, Hodgkins lymfom og underernæring.

en	Usually the first symptoms are chills and body aches, with fever also common early in the infection, with body temperatures ranging from 38 to 39 °C (approximately 100 to 103 °F).
da	Oftest er de begyndende symptomer kulderystelser eller kuldefornemmelser, men feber er også almindeligt med kropstemperaturer mellem 38-39 °C.

en	Works by Joseph Lister at Project Gutenberg
da	Joseph Lister, 1. baron Lister på gravsted.dk

en	These different types of HA and NA form the basis of the H and N distinctions in, for example, H5N1.
da	Disse forskellige typer af HA og NA danner grundlaget for H og N-navngivningen som f.eks. H5N1.

en	Tuberculosis of the lungs may also occur via infection from the blood stream.
da	Tuberkulose i lungerne kan også spredes til lungerne med blodet.

en	When one member of a family died from the disease, the other infected members would lose their health slowly.
da	Når et medlem af en familie døde af det, kunne de andre smittede i familien også sygne langsomt hen.

en	TBI can be classified based on severity, mechanism (closed or penetrating head injury) or other features (e.g., occurring in a specific location or over a widespread area).
da	TBI kan klassificeres baseret på sværhedsgrad, mekanisme (lukket eller åben hovedlæsion) eller andre træk (eksempelvis opstået på en specifik lokation eller over et bredere område).

en	I'm not a half-Indian politician, or a doctor politician or a gay politician for that matter.
da	Jeg er ikke en halvindisk politiker eller en doktorpolitiker eller en homoseksuel politikere for den sags skyld.

en	The rate of TB varies with age.
da	Udbredelsen af TB svinger med alderen.

en	Another problem is that individuals become infectious before they become symptomatic, which means that putting people in quarantine after they become ill is not an effective public health intervention.
da	Et andet problem er at inficerede individer bliver smittedygtige før deres symptomer opstår, hvorved karantæne af syge individer ikke har nogen forebyggende effekt.

en	Getting access to the newer treatments however can be expensive.
da	Adgang til de nyere behandlinger kan være dyrt.

en	Approximately 33% of people with influenza are asymptomatic.
da	Cirka 33% med influenza oplever ingen symptomer.

en	"It's just part of who I am, it doesn't define me, it is part of my character I suppose""."
da	"Det er bare en del af den jeg er, det definerer mig ikke, det er en del af min karakter, tænker jeg""."

en	However, the generation time for influenza is extremely short: the time from a person becoming infected to when he infects the next person is only two days.
da	Generationstiden (tiden fra en person bliver inficeret til vedkommende smitter den næste) for influenza er rimelig kort (cirka to dage).

en	An alternative hypothesis to explain seasonality in influenza infections is an effect of vitamin D levels on immunity to the virus.
da	En alternativ hypotese til forklaring af influenzas sæsonafhængige forekomst er D-vitamin nivauets indvirken på virusimmunitet.

en	M. bovis was once a common cause of tuberculosis, but the introduction of pasteurized milk has almost completely eliminated this as a public health problem in developed countries.
da	M. bovis var tidligere en udbredt årsag til tuberkulose, men efter indførelsen af pasteuriseret mælk er denne mykobakterie næsten udryddet i i-landene.

en	This type of influenza mutates at a rate 2–3 times slower than type A and consequently is less genetically diverse, with only one influenza B serotype.
da	Denne art af influenza muterer 2-3 gange langsommere end type A, og er som følge heraf mindre genetisk varierende, hvorved der kun findes en influenza B serotype.

en	This is a particular problem in sub-Saharan Africa, where rates of HIV are high.
da	Det er et udbredt problem i Afrika syd for Sahara, hvor mange har HIV.

en	In nature, the bacterium can grow only within the cells of a host organism, but M. tuberculosis can be cultured in the laboratory.
da	I naturen kan bakterien kun vokse i en værtsorganisme, men M. tuberculosis kan dyrkes i laboratoriet.

en	The subspecies Mycobacterium tuberculosis, though, is rarely present in wild animals.
da	"Underarten ""Mycobacterium tuberculosis"" ses sjældent hos vilde dyr."

en	Hong Kong.
da	UANews

en	When the Medical Research Council formed in Britain in 1913, it initially focused on tuberculosis research.
da	Da Medical Research Council blev dannet i Storbritannien i 1913 var det først med fokus på tuberkuloseforskning.

en	He later switched to medicine.
da	Han skiftede senere til medicin.

en	"Whatever the benefits of the ""fresh air"" and labor in the sanatoria, even under the best conditions, 50% of those who entered died within five years (c. 1916)."
da	"Men selv under de bedste forhold, døde 50% af patienterne inden for fem år (""ca."" 1916)."

en	Because of the absence of RNA proofreading enzymes, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that copies the viral genome makes an error roughly every 10 thousand nucleotides, which is the approximate length of the influenza vRNA.
da	"På grund af manglen på fejllæsende enzymer (en: ""proofreading"") begår den RNA-afhægige RNA polymerase fejl ved omtrent hvert 10.000. nukleotid, som cirka svarer til længden af influenza vRNA."

en	The main cause of TB is Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), a small, aerobic, nonmotile bacillus.
da	Den største årsag til TB er Mycobacterium tuberculosis, en lille aerob bakterie, der ikke kan bevæge sig.

en	An exhaustive ballot system was used.
da	En udtømmende afstemningssystem blev anvendt.

en	Newly synthesized viral proteins are either secreted through the Golgi apparatus onto the cell surface (in the case of neuraminidase and hemagglutinin, step 5b) or transported back into the nucleus to bind vRNA and form new viral genome particles (step 5a).
da	Nydannede virale proteiner frigives enten fra Golgiapparatet til celleoverfladen (som f.eks. neuramidase og hæmagglutinin, (Stadie 5), eller transporteres tilbage til kernen for at binde vRNA og danne nye virale genomer (stadie 5a).

en	This hematogenous transmission can also spread infection to more distant sites, such as peripheral lymph nodes, the kidneys, the brain, and the bones.
da	Denne hæmatogene transmission kan også sprede infektionen til fjernere steder, såsom de perifere lymfeknuder, nyrerne, hjernen og knoglerne.

en	After about two weeks of effective treatment, subjects with nonresistant active infections generally do not remain contagious to others.
da	Efter cirka to ugers effektiv behandling er personer med ikkeresistente aktive infektioner som regel ikke smittefarlige mere.

en	Influenza infection and replication is a multi-step process: First, the virus has to bind to and enter the cell, then deliver its genome to a site where it can produce new copies of viral proteins and RNA, assemble these components into new viral particles, and, last, exit the host cell.
da	Influenzainfektionen og replikationen er en flertrinet proces: Først skal virus bindes og optages af cellen, hvorefter dets genom skal bringes til et område i cellen, hvor det kan producere nye kopier af de virale proteiner og RNA.

en	They married in the UK, early in 1971, then lived in Leicester, where the eldest of their three children, Sophie, was born.
da	De giftede sig i Storbritannien i 1971, boede derefter i Leicester, hvor den ældste af deres tre børn, Sophie, blev født.

en	"He said that while he knew ""a lot of facts ..."
da	"Han sagde, at mens han vidste ""en masse fakta   ."

en	The most common acid-fast staining techniques are the Ziehl–Neelsen stain and the Kinyoun stain, which dye acid-fast bacilli a bright red that stands out against a blue background.
da	De to mest almindelige farvningsteknikker ved syrefaste bakterier er Ziehl–Neelsen-farvning, som farver syrefaste bakterier klart røde, så de kan ses tydeligt på en blå baggrund, og auramin-rhodamin-farvning efterfulgt af fluorescerensmikroskopi.

en	Tuberculosis may become a chronic illness and cause extensive scarring in the upper lobes of the lungs.
da	Tuberkulose kan blive kronisk og give udbredt ardannelse i de øvre lungelapper.

en	The obvious symptom is trouble breathing.
da	Det mest karakteristiske symptom er vejrtrækningsproblemer.

en	Among these, the Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation received a gift of more than $280 million (US) from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to develop and license an improved vaccine against tuberculosis for use in high burden countries.
da	Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation modtog i 2007 en gave på over 280 million US dollar fra Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation til at udvikle og få godkendt en forbedret vaccine mod tuberkulose, der kan bruges i hårdt belastede lande.

en	On 6 May 2016, after government formation talks had concluded, Taoiseach Enda Kenny appointed Varadkar as Minister for Social Protection.
da	Den 6. maj 2016, efter at regeringens dannelsesforhandlinger var afsluttet, udnævnte Taoiseach Enda Kenny Varadkar til minister for social beskyttelse.

en	During his secondary schooling, he joined Young Fine Gael.
da	Under sin skolegang sluttede han sig til Young Fine Gael.

en	As tuberculosis is uncommon in most of Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, BCG is administered to only those people at high risk.
da	Tuberkulose er stort set ukendt i det meste af Canada, Storbritannien og USA, så i de lande får kun personer, der har en høj risiko, en Calmette-vaccine.

en	A long-standing puzzle has been why outbreaks of the flu occur seasonally rather than uniformly throughout the year.
da	En gåde er stadig hvorfor influenza forekommer i bestemte sæsoner og ikke hele året rundt.

en	By 1918, TB still caused one in six deaths in France.
da	I 1918 var TB skyld i et ud af seks dødsfald i Frankrig.

en	2009 Northern Ireland outbreak
da	Udbruddet i North Carolina 1998

en	ISBN 978-92-9168-419-9.
da	(ISBN 91-977452-1-9; Eudoxa förlag)

en	Despite days of gridlock, the crisis was averted, after Fitzgerald resigned from the cabinet to prevent the election, which most of the country did not want due to the possibility of it jeopardising the Irish position in Brexit negotiations.
da	På trods af dage med hårdknuder blev krisen afværget, efter at Fitzgerald trak sig som minister for at forhindre valget, hvilket det meste af landet ikke ønskede på grund af muligheden for at bringe den irske position i Brexit-forhandlingerne i fare.

en	Silicosis increases the risk about 30-fold.
da	Stenlunger øger risikoen ca. 30 gange.

en	For example, the influenza A genome contains 11 genes on eight pieces of RNA, encoding for 11 proteins: hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), nucleoprotein (NP), M1 (matrix 1 protein), M2, NS1 (non-structural protein 1), NS2 (other name is NEP, nuclear export protein), PA, PB1 (polymerase basic 1), PB1-F2 and PB2.
da	For eksempel indeholder Influenza A genomet 11 gener fordelt ud på 8 RNA segmenter, og koder for 11 proteiner: hæmagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), nukleoprotein (NP), M1, M2, NS1, NS2(NEP: nuklær eksport protein), PA, PB1 (polymerase basic 1), PB1-F2 og PB2.

en	In 2006, a study estimated that if a strain with similar virulence to the 1918 influenza had emerged that year, it could have killed between 50 and 80 million people.
da	Et studie estimerede, at hvis en stamme med samme virulens som Den Spanske Syge dukkede op i dag, ville den kunne dræbe mellem 50 og 80 millioner mennesker.

en	Oculomotor nerve abnormalities (affected eye looking downward and outward and inability to lift the eyelid on the same side) or palsy (loss of movement) may indicate bleeding from the posterior communicating artery.
da	Abnormaliteter på okulomotornerven (Nervus oculomotorius) (hvor øjet kigger nedad og udad, og patienten ikke kan løfte øjenlåget på samme øje) eller lammelse, kan indikere blødning i arteria cerebri communicans posterior ((engelsk): posterior communicating artery, akronym: PCOM)

en	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at Curlie
da	Netdoktor.dk om kronisk obstruktiv lungesygdom

en	At TCD he was active in the university's Young Fine Gael branch and served as Vice-President of the Youth of the European People's Party, the youth wing of the European People's Party, of which Fine Gael is a member.
da	På TCD var han aktiv i universitetets Young Fine Gael-gren og fungerede som vicepræsident for Youth of the European People's Party, ungdomsfløjten for Det Europæiske Folkeparti, hvor Fine Gael er medlem.

en	Influenzaviruses A, B, C, and D are very similar in overall structure.
da	Influenzavira A, B og C er meget ens i den generelle struktur.

en	Taoiseach Enda Kenny repeated the line of the Government of Ireland, that the State would not require a further EU-IMF bailout, and said he had warned all Ministers against publicly disparaging the economy.
da	Taoiseach Enda Kenny gentog den irske regerings linje, at staten ikke ville kræve en yderligere redninger fra EU-IMF og sagde, at han havde advaret alle ministre mod offentligt at forvirre om økonomien.

en	However, since the strains produced by drift will still be reasonably similar to the older strains, some people will still be immune to them.
da	Som følge af at stammerne er dannet ud fra drift, og derved stadig vil have visse ligheder med den gamle stamme, er visse mennesker stadig immune overfor dem.

en	The separation of the genome into eight separate segments of vRNA allows mixing or reassortment of vRNAs if more than one type of influenza virus infects a single cell.
da	Inddeling af virusgenomet i 8 segmenter giver mulighed for vRNA udveksling med andre influenzatyper, hvis disse inficerer samme celle.

en	Influenza reaches peak prevalence in winter, and because the Northern and Southern Hemispheres have winter at different times of the year, there are actually two different flu seasons each year.
da	Influenzas forekomst topper i vintermånederne, og fordi den nordlige og sydlige halvkugle har vinter på forskellige tidspunkter er der to forskellige influenzasæsoner hvert år.

en	The virus persists in the liver in about 75% to 85% of those initially infected.
da	Virusen lever videre i leveren i omkring 75% til 85% af alle der bliver inficeret.

en	Unusually for a virus, its genome is not a single piece of nucleic acid; instead, it contains seven or eight pieces of segmented negative-sense RNA, each piece of RNA containing either one or two genes, which code for a gene product (protein).
da	Genomet forekommer som 7-8 segmenter negativt strenget RNA, hvor hvert stykke indeholder en eller to gener kodende for et genprodukt (protein).

en	This is why the World Health Organization (assisted by the National Influenza Centers) makes recommendations for two different vaccine formulations every year; one for the Northern, and one for the Southern Hemisphere.
da	Det er årsagen til at World Health Organization anbefaler to forskellige vacciner hvert år, tilpasset til den nordlige og sydlige halvkugle.

en	Genetic susceptibility also exists, for which the overall importance remains undefined.
da	Man kan også være genetisk disponeret, men videnskaben ved endnu ikke, hvor stor den risiko er.

en	Tuberculosis caused widespread public concern in the 19th and early 20th centuries as the disease became common among the urban poor.
da	Tuberkulose var et stort problem i det 19. og det tidlige 20. århundrede, da det var en endemisk sygdom blandt de fattige i storbyerne.

en	The Mantoux tuberculin skin test is often used to screen people at high risk for TB.
da	En Mantoux tuberkulinprøve bruges tit til at screene folk, der har høj risiko for at få TB.

en	It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E. Diagnosis is by blood testing to look for either antibodies to the virus or its RNA.
da	Det er en af fem kendte hepatitis vira: A, B, C, D, og E. Diagnosen stilles via en blodtest for at konstatere enten antistoffer til virusen eller dets RNA.

en	Programs such as the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program are working to reduce TB levels among people receiving public health care.
da	Programmer som Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program er med til at reducere TB-niveauet blandt folk, der er under et offentligt sundhedsvæsen.

en	The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) is an independent agency of the European Union (EU) whose mission is to strengthen Europe's defences against infectious diseases.
da	Det Europæiske Center for Forebyggelse af og Kontrol med Sygdomme, på engelsk The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), er et agentur for den Europæiske Union der søger styrke Europas forsvar mod infektionssygdomme.

en	It is the most widely used vaccine worldwide, with more than 90% of all children being vaccinated.
da	Ikke desto mindre er det den mest udbredte vaccine på verdensplan, da over 90% af alle børn er blevet vaccineret.

en	He retained the health portfolio in an acting capacity until May that year, due to the delay in government formation.
da	Han bevarede sundhedsporteføljen som fungerende kapacitet indtil maj samme år på grund af forsinkelse i regeringsdannelsen.

en	A bid from Rome was withdrawn.
da	Et bud fra Rom blev trukket tilbage.

en	"Diarrhea and vomiting occur more commonly in gastroenteritis, which is an unrelated disease and sometimes inaccurately referred to as ""stomach flu"" or the ""24-hour flu""."
da	"Influenza kan føre til kvalme og opkast, specielt hos børn, men disse symptomer er mere karakteristiske for den ikke-relaterede gastroenteritis, som nogle gange kaldes ""maveinfluenza"" eller ""24-timers influenza""."

en	Before the Industrial Revolution, folklore often associated tuberculosis with vampires.
da	Før den industrielle revolution forbandt man tit i folkeovertroen tuberkulose med vampyrer.

en	However, the terms are not synonymous.
da	Studiet er derfor ikke statistisk repræsentativt.

en	There are 18 H and 11 N subtypes known, but only H 1, 2 and 3, and N 1 and 2 are commonly found in humans.
da	Der kendes 16 H og 9 N typer, hvor kun H 1,2 og 3 og N 1 og 2 er fundet blandt mennesker.

en	Roughly one-quarter of the world's population has been infected with M. tuberculosis, with new infections occurring in about 1% of the population each year.
da	Eksperter mener, at en tredjedel af verdens befolkning er smittet med M. tuberculosis, og der kommer nye tilfælde til hvert sekund.

en	Infant mortality was also seen as a social problem when it was being noticed as a national problem.
da	Spædbørnsdødelighed var i ældre tid et alvorligt problem.

en	ECDC has approximately 300 staff and commands an annual budget of over €50 million.
da	I 2014 var organisationens budget på lidt over 60 millioner Euro og der var 275 ansatte.

en	Varadkar was elected to Dáil Éireann at the 2007 general election.
da	Varadkar blev valgt til Dáil Éireann ved valget i 2007.

en	Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister,  (5 April 1827 – 10 February 1912), known between 1883 and 1897 as Sir Joseph Lister, Bt., was a British surgeon and a pioneer of antiseptic surgery.
da	Joseph Lister, 1. baron Lister, også kendt som Sir Joseph Lister (født 5. april 1827, død 10. februar 1912) var en engelsk kirurg, der blev en pioner inden for den antiseptiske kirurgi.

en	Using blood screening, the risk from a transfusion is less than one per two million.
da	Screening af blod reducerer risikoen fra en transfusion til mindre end én per to millioner.

en	Hermann Brehmer opened the first TB sanatorium in 1859 in Görbersdorf (now Sokołowsko) in Silesia.
da	Hermann Brehmer åbnede det første TB-sanatorium i 1859 i Sokołowsko, Polen.

en	A diagnosis of TB should, however, be considered in those with signs of lung disease or constitutional symptoms lasting longer than two weeks.
da	Men personer med tegn på lungesygdom eller konstitutionelle symptomer i over to uger kan have TB.

en	Diagnosis of active TB is based on chest X-rays, as well as microscopic examination and culture of body fluids.
da	Diagnose af aktiv TB kræver en røntgenundersøgelse (som regel af brystkassen) samt mikroskopisk undersøgelse og dyrkning af kropsvæsker.

en	He became Ireland's first openly gay Taoiseach, as well as the youngest.
da	Han blev Irlands første åbent homoseksuelle Taoiseach såvel som den yngste.

en	These sudden large changes allow the virus to infect new host species and quickly overcome protective immunity.
da	Disse store skift giver virus mulighed for at inficere nye værtsarter, og hurtigt undgå den beskyttende immunitet, hvilket er årsagen til pandemiudbrud.

en	Tuberculosis prevention and control efforts rely primarily on the vaccination of infants and the detection and appropriate treatment of active cases.
da	Forebyggelsesarbejdet mod tuberkulose består i vaccination af små børn samt udredning og korrekt behandling af aktive tilfælde.

en	Progression from TB infection to overt TB disease occurs when the bacilli overcome the immune system defenses and begin to multiply.
da	En TB-infektion overgår til TB-sygdom, når bakterierne overvinder immunsystemets forsvarsmekanismer og begynder at formere sig.

en	"2019: ""Der gesunde Mensch in einer gesunden Umwelt – Ökologie als Schlüsselfrage für unsere Gesundheit und Zukunft"" (The healthy human in a healthy environment – ecology as the key question for our health and future)"
da	2019: Der gesunde Mensch in einer gesunden Umwelt (Det sunde menneske i en sund omverden)

en	During active disease, some of these cavities are joined to the air passages (bronchi) and this material can be coughed up.
da	Mens sygdommen er aktiv, forbindes nogle af udhulningerne med luftvejene bronkierne, og så bliver noget af materialet hostet op.

en	Some individuals cannot become immune owing to medical conditions, such as an immunodeficiency or immunosuppression, and for this group herd immunity is a crucial method of protection.
da	Der findes individer, som af medicinske årsager så som immundefekt eller immun-undertrykkelse, ikke kan opnå immunitet - disse vil være afhængige af at være beskyttet af flokimmunitet.

en	Swine influenza is an infection caused by any one of several types of swine influenza viruses.
da	Svineinfluenza er en influenza, der forårsages af en virus, der findes hos grise.

en	Bone and joint infections
da	Henvisninger og eksterne links

en	The effectiveness of vaccination has been widely studied and verified; for example, vaccines that have proven effective include the influenza vaccine, the HPV vaccine, and the chicken pox vaccine.
da	effektiviteten af vaccination har været bredt studeret og verificeret for eksempel influenzavaccine, HPV-vaccine, skoldkoppevaccine.

en	These tests, however, are not routinely recommended, as they rarely alter how a person is treated.
da	Dog anbefales disse prøver ikke rent rutinemæssigt, fordi de sjældent ændrer på behandlingen.

en	Infant mortality rate (IMR) is the number of deaths per 1,000 live births of children under one year of age.
da	Spædbørnsdødelighed er antallet af nyfødte børn pr. år, der dør inden for deres første leveår af 1.000 levendefødte.

en	About 2 to 10 million patients worldwide have been treated with Thorotrast.
da	I Danmark blev over 1.100 patienter udsat for Thorotrast.

en	Once again, the results were impressive.
da	Ikke desto mindre er dette ikke korrekt.

en	From a public health point of view, flu epidemics spread rapidly and are very difficult to control.
da	Blandt befolkningen spredes influenzaepidemier hurtigt og er svære at kontrollere.

en	It was inspired by the ideas of the TECO-macro editors TECMAC and TMACS.
da	Inspirationen kom fra et par andre TECO-makro-editorer: TECMAC og TMACS.

en	Typically, in a year's normal two flu seasons (one per hemisphere), there are between three and five million cases of severe illness and around 650,000 deaths worldwide, which by some definitions is a yearly influenza epidemic.
da	Her rapporteres mellem tre og fem millioner alvorlige tilfælde og op til 500.000 dødsfald på verdensplan, som af visse defineres som en årlig influenzaepidemi.

en	If multiple drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is detected, treatment with at least four effective antibiotics for 18 to 24 months is recommended.
da	Hvis tuberkulosen er multiresistent, anbefales det at behandle den med mindst fire effektive antibiotika i mindst 18-24 måneder.

en	Improvements in sanitation, vaccination, and other public-health measures began significantly reducing rates of tuberculosis even before the arrival of streptomycin and other antibiotics, although the disease remained a significant threat.
da	En forbedring af folkesundheden gjorde indhug i tuberkulosetallene, selv før streptomycin og andre typer antibiotika blev taget i brug.

en	Thus, treatment is often begun before cultures are confirmed.
da	Derfor indledes behandlingen tit, før prøverne bekræftes.

en	A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease.
da	En vaccine er en biologisk forebyggelse, der giver aktiv immunisering mod en bestemt sygdom.

en	"He later said he and his cabinet had 'achieved all we set out to achieve' during the talks before quoting former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, by saying 'This is not the end, this is the end of the beginning""."
da	"Senere sagde han, at han og hans ministerhold havde 'opnået alt, hvad vi havde til hensigt at nå', under samtalerne, før han citerede den tidligere britiske premierminister Winston Churchill ved at sige: ""This is not the end, this is the end of the beginning""."

en	Disp.
da	Ds.

en	Viruses can replicate only in living cells.
da	Virus kan kun replikere i levende celler.

en	An occupational disease is any chronic ailment that occurs as a result of work or occupational activity.
da	En erhvervssygdom er en sygdom, som en person kan få på grund af sit arbejde eller de forhold, arbejdet er foregået under.