---
dataset_info:
  features:
  - name: PuzzleId
    dtype: string
  - name: FEN
    dtype: string
  - name: Moves
    dtype: string
  - name: Rating
    dtype: int64
  - name: RatingDeviation
    dtype: int64
  - name: Popularity
    dtype: int64
  - name: NbPlays
    dtype: int64
  - name: Themes
    dtype: string
  - name: GameUrl
    dtype: string
  - name: OpeningTags
    dtype: string
  splits:
  - name: train
    num_bytes: 888854149
    num_examples: 4062423
  download_size: 423300746
  dataset_size: 888854149
configs:
- config_name: default
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/train-*
license: cc0-1.0
pretty_name: Lichess puzzles
tags:
- chess
---
# Dataset Card for Lichess Puzzles

<!-- Provide a quick summary of the dataset. -->

4,062,423 chess puzzles, rated and tagged. See them in action on [Lichess](https://lichess.org/training/themes). 

Generating these chess puzzles took more than **50 years of CPU time**. We went through **300,000,000 analyzed games** from the Lichess database, and re-analyzed interesting positions with Stockfish 12/13/14/15 NNUE at 40 meganodes. The resulting puzzles were then [automatically tagged](https://github.com/ornicar/lichess-puzzler/tree/master/tagger). To determine the rating, each attempt to solve is considered as a Glicko2 rated game between the player and the puzzle. Finally, player votes refine the tags and define popularity.


## Dataset Usage

Using the `datasets` library:

```python
from datasets import load_dataset
dset = load_dataset("Lichess/puzzles", split="train")
```

## Dataset Details

### Dataset Sample

One row of the dataset looks like this:

```python
{'PuzzleId': '0009B',
 'FEN': 'r2qr1k1/b1p2ppp/pp4n1/P1P1p3/4P1n1/B2P2Pb/3NBP1P/RN1QR1K1 b - - 1 16',
 'Moves': 'b6c5 e2g4 h3g4 d1g4',
 'Rating': 1112,
 'RatingDeviation': 74,
 'Popularity': 87,
 'NbPlays': 569,
 'Themes': 'advantage middlegame short',
 'GameUrl': 'https://lichess.org/4MWQCxQ6/black#31',
 'OpeningTags': 'Kings_Pawn_Game Kings_Pawn_Game_Leonardis_Variation'}
```
### Dataset Fields

Every row of the dataset contains the following fields:

- `PuzzleId`:
- `FEN`:
- `Moves`:
- `Rating`:
- `RatingDeviation`:
- `Popularity`:
- `NbPlays`:
- `Themes`:
- `GameUrl`:
- `OpeningTags`: