[
{"source_document": "", "creation_year": 1515, "culture": " English\n", "content": "Produced by Greg Lindahl, R\u00c3\u00a9nald L\u00c3\u00a9vesque and the Online\nfile was produced from images generously made available\nby the Biblioth\u00c3\u00a8que nationale de France (BnF/Gallica) at\n[NOTE DU TRANSCRIPTEUR:\nVu que ce livre n'est qu'une partie d'un ouvrage beaucoup plus\nimportant, nous avons cru bon de d\u00e9vier des normes PG et conserver la\nstructure et num\u00e9rotation des pages. Ceci a pour but de faciliter la\nrecherche des objets mentionn\u00e9s \u00e0 l'index, au lexique et la table des\nmati\u00e8res. Les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences aux pages 1 \u00e0 890 ne pourront pas \u00eatre trouv\u00e9es\ndans ce livre.]\nPage 891\nAN INTRODUCTORIE\nFOR\nTO LERNE TO REDE, TO PRONOUNCE AND TO SPEKE FRENCH TREWLY,\nCOMPYLED\nFOR THE RIGHT HIGH, EXELLENT AND MOST VERTUOUS LADY\nTHE LADY MARY OF ENGLANDE,\nDOUGHTER TO OUR MOST GRACIOUS SOVERAYN LORDE KYNG HENRY THE EIGHT.\nPage 892\nAVIS DE L'\u00c9DITEUR.\nL'auteur de cette Grammaire ayant apport\u00e9 un soin extr\u00eame \u00e0 marquer la\nprononciation p\u00e1r l'accent, on a d\u00fb s'attacher \u00e0 reproduire\nscrupuleusement les accents du texte original.\nMais il faut savoir que Du Guez, par un syst\u00e8me particulier, emploie\nl'accent plac\u00e9 _sous_ la voyelle. Nous avons report\u00e9 l'accent au-dessus,\nconform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l'usage moderne.\nCette substitution a d'autant moins d'inconv\u00e9nient, que nulle part Du\nGuez n'emploie l'accent sup\u00e9rieur; par cons\u00e9quent, il n'y a point de\nconfusion \u00e0 craindre. C'est un tr\u00e8s-petit d\u00e9tail dont il suffit que le\nlecteur soit averti.\nF. G.\nPage 893\nAN INTRODUCTORIE\nFOR TO LERNE TO REDE,\nTO PRONOUNCE AND TO SPEKE FRENCH TREWLY.\nFOR IMPLORATION OF GRACE.\n[Sidenote: [written vertically] GILES DU WES]\n   Grace of God  that I love so moche\nG  race  de Dieu que  jayme     tant\n   I your requier ryght humbly\nI  e uous requier treshumblement\n   the gift of love without any  further\nL  e   don  damour  sans    plus auant\n   of it to make any  refuce\nE  n     faire aulcun refusement\n   If ye do fynde   in any wise\nS  e uous   trouu\u00e9s aulcunement\n   of me  service, but in trouth\nD  e  moy seruice  quen   loyault\u00e9\n   I gyve you leve utterly\nU  ous habandonne entierement\n   to wyll at all at your wyll\nU  oulloir du tout a uoulent\u00e9\n   toward me  to use of great rigour\nU  ers    moy user   de grant rigeur\n   and me to banysshe from all  good hap\nE  t   me bannir      de   tout bon heur\n   without more of me  to have pite.\nS  ans     plus de moy auoir   pit\u00e9.\nSola salus seruire Deo, sunt cetera fraudes.\nPage 894\nAN INTRODUCTORIE\nTO THE LADY MARY.\nFor  the honour of Mary\nPour lhonneur   de Marye\nGod doughter to saynt Mary\nfilleule     a saynte Marye\nvirgin and mother Jesu Christ\nvierge et  mere   Jhesuh Crist\nhave these verses ben  written.\nont  ces   verse  est\u00e9 escripts.\nMARIA.\nglasse            mesure       shewynge\nmirouer           mesure       monstrant\nlenyng            lovynge      fulfilled\nappuis            amoureus     assouuie\nrose              redde        well smellyng\nrose              rouge        redolente\nthat can nat vade yonge        jolie\ninmarcessible     jeune        jolie\namonge            chosen       exellente\nentre             eslytes      exellente\nfor ever more     be ye        blessyd.\na tousjours mais  soyez        benye. Amen.\nTHE PROLOGUE.\nHow beit that I do nat, nat knowe how that many as   well lerned    in\ngood\nCombien  que       ne   ignore point  que pluisieurs tant qualifi\u00e9z es\nbonnes\nlettres as   also well spoken in the frenche tonge (at the lest nat\nbeyng\nlectres come aussy \u00e9l\u00e9gant en la langue francoise  (au moins pour non\nestre\nnaturall and borne of the lande and countrey) have composed, and written\nrules and\nnatur\u00e9l et  natif  du territoire    et pais)  ont compos\u00e9s   et escripz\nr\u00e9gles et\nprinciples for introduction in the sayd tonge the whiche par aventure, as\nprincipes pour introduction en la dicte langue les quelz peult estre, come\nwitnessed  saint Hierome to Paulin, have tought  before that they have ben\ntiesmoigne saint Hierome a  Paulin, ont ensegn\u00e9s auant  que   auoir   est\u00e9\nconynge, for how beit that arte is  folower    of nature folowyng her\nright nygh,\nscauantz, car ja soit que  art soit imitatrice de nature lensuiuant de\nbien pres,\nPage 895\nyet neuerthelesse can nat she ouertake her. Wherfore the sayd\ncomposytours\nsy ne la peult elle toutefois aconsuiuir.   Pourquoy les ditz\ncompilateurs\nall togyder leanyng to the same ben by  nature in sondrie places checked\nreproued\ndu tout adherens    \u00e0 icelle sont  par  nature en diuers  lieux  cancell\u00e9s\nrepris\nand corrected. Shulde it nat seme a thynge selde and strange to se  a\n Frenchman\net corrig\u00e9z. Ne sembleroit ce point chose  rare  et  estrange ueoir ung\nFrancois\nendeuoir   and inforce himself to teche unto the Germayns the langage of\nAlmaine:\nse ingerer et  efforcer       dapprendre    aux Allemans  la  lange\ntyoise,\nye   and that more over is, upon the same to compyle rules and principles,\nhow beit\nuoire et qui  plus   est,   sur icelle     composer r\u00e9gles et principes,\n combien\nthat agaynst me and my reason some   body myght    say, that one\nque contre  moy et  ma rayson quelque ung pourroit dire que on\nshulde fynde no body whiche shulde teche Hebreu, Greke, nor Laten, if it\nwere nat laufull\nne trouueroit   ame  qui   ensegneroit  Hebrieu, Grec,  ne Latin,   sil\nne  loisoit\nto any body so to do but   to him which shulde have it of nature: to  whom\nI\na auscun de ce faire sinon a celui qui   laroit        de nature: a  quoy\nje\nanswere that it is another thyng to teche  and instruct by  the principles\nrespons que  cest  aultre  chose densegn\u00e9r et daprendre par les principes\nand reules made   by  divers well expertz auctours, by great space and\nlonge proces\net  r\u00e9gles faictz par diu\u00e9rs      expertz aucteurs, par interualle et\ndiuturnit\u00e9\nof longe tyme  well approved,  than at the fyrst metyng  and nat havyng a\nde long  temps bien approuu\u00e9ez, que de premi\u00e9re  abord\u00e9e et  nauoir ung\nlanguage but meanely   and as a thynge borowed to be wyllyng by   and by\nlangage  que moienement et come par emprunt,   en uoulloir cy pris cy mis,\nnat only      instructe the others, but  also  to compyle upon the same\nreules\nnon seullement ensegn\u00e9r les aultres, mais aussy compos\u00e9r   sur ce\nr\u00e9gles\ncertayne,   the whiche doyng is   nat graunted but unto ryght few of them\nwhiche\ninfallibles, ce que scauoir faire nest ottroie a        bien  peu de ceulz\nqui\nben        borne of the sayd langage, for touchyng my  self  to whom the\nsayd\nsont mesme natif du dict     langage, car touchant moy mesmes a qui  la\ndicte\ntonge  is  maternall  or naturall, and whiche by  the space of therty\nyeres\nlangue est maternelle ou naturelle, et qui    par lespase   de trente\nans\nand more have besyed me   how beit that I am ryght ignorant, to teche\net  plus me suis entremis (combien que soie tres ignorant)  densegn\u00e9r\nPage 896\nand instruct many        great princes and princesses, as to decessed of\net apprendre pluisieurs grandz princes et princesses, comme a   feu    de\nnoble and recomended memory the prince Arthur, the noble kyng Henry\nnoble et recommand\u00e9e memoire le prince Arthur, le noble  roy  Henry\nfor the present   prosperously  regnyng, to whom God gyve lyfe perpetuall:\npour le present prospereusement regnant, a qui Dieu doint uie perpetuelle:\nthe quenes of France and Scotlande, with the noble marquis of Excestre,\nles roynes de France et  dEscosse,  auec le  noble marquis dExcestre, etc.\nfor the whiche thynge to fulfyll I have done my power and dever to\n  serche\npour la quelle chose accomplir  jay fait  mon  pouoir et debuoir de\nperscruter\nand seke   all that which hath semed me to this purpose te serve: I have\nnat nevertheless\net cercher tout ce   qui   ma  sembl\u00e9   a  ce  propos   seruir:  sy nay je\ntoutesfois\nfounde      rules infallybles, bycause that it is nat possyble to fynde\nany\npeu trouv\u00e9r r\u00e9gles infalibles, pour   ce  quil nest  possible de telles\nles\nsuche,  that is to say, suche whiche may  serve without any faulte, as\ndo\ntrouuer, cest a dire,  telles que puissent seruir infalliblement, comme\nfont\nthe rules  compiled  for  to lerne  Laten, Greke and Hebreu and other\nsuche\nles r\u00e9gles compos\u00e9ez pour apprendre Latin, Grec  et Hebrieu et  autres\ntelz\nlanguages: the whiche nevertheless the sayd compilatours have overtaken,\nlangages:  ce  que    neantmoins   les ditz compilateurs ont  entrepris\nte the ende that I ne say presumed to do,   how beit they have   nat ben\nbut lytell\n(affin que ne    die   presum\u00e9s)  de faire, ja soit quilz naient est\u00e9\nque petit de\ntyme to lerne it, but  now beit so    that suche rules and techyng\nben\ntemps a laprendre, mais or soit ainsy que telz r\u00e9gles et ensegnementz\nsoient\nsufficient   and farre    above   my  workes,    by cause nevertheless\nthat\ntressuffisans et loing  par desus mes oeuures, pour ce  toutes fois\nque\nnow natwithstandyng    myn ignorancy, I am agayne     by  my  most\nredoubted\nmaintenant (nonobstant mon ignorance) suis derechief (par mon tres\nredoubt\u00e9\nlorde   and prince the kynge above named, ordayned to administre myn\naccustomed\nseigneur et prince le  roy  dessus nomm\u00e9) ordonn\u00e9  dadministrer  mon\naccoustum\u00e9\npoore and unworthy servyce to most illustre, ryght exellente and ryght\npoure et  indigne  seruice a  tres illustre, tres  exellente et  tres\nvertuouse lady my lady Mary of Englande his ryght entierly  well beloved\nuertueuse dame ma dame Mary dEngleterre sa  tres entierement bien aym\u00e9e\nPage 897\ndoughter, the whiche right  specially  and   straytly  hath me commanded\nand\nfille,     laquelle  tres esp\u00e9cialement et estroitement ma    comand\u00e9\net\nencharged to reduce and to put by writtynge the maner   how  I have\nproceded\nencharg\u00e9  de reduire et mectre par escript la maniere  coment jay\nproc\u00e9d\u00e9\ntowarde her sayd progenitours and predecessours, as that same also by the\nwhich\nenuers ses dictz progeniteurs et predecesseurs,  come celle aussy  par la\nquelle\nI  have  her  so    so       taught, and do teche     dayly      whiche\nto refuse,\nje lay tellement quellement instruit, et instruis journellement, ce que\nrefuser\nnat withstandynge the reasons  above  sayd  alleged,  I durst nat, nor\nwolde nat\n(nonobstant       les raisons dessus dictes allegu\u00e9e) noseroie  ne\nuouldroie,\nhow beit that I am ryght well assured to merite more  for and by cause of\nmyn\ncombien  que  soie tres   asseur\u00e9     de plus meriter pour et cause    de\nmon\nobedience than by  any   seruice or sacrifyce that to her I  may   do,\nfulfyllyng\nobedience que par aulcun seruice ou sacrifice que   luy   puisse prest\u00e9r,\naccomplissant\nher most noble and gracious comandement, gratious say I, by cause\nson tresnoble  et gracieux comandement,  gracieus dis je, pour ce\nthat her beniuolence and good wyll    is  to proffite   to  others   as to\nque  sa  beniuolence et  bon uoulloir est de prouffiter aux aultres come a\nherselfe,   wherfore I supplie and require all reders   the causes and\nreasons\nelle mesme, pourquoi je suplie et requier tous lecteurs les causes et\nraisons\naboue   sayd  contempled and consydered to have me for to be excused, and\nther\ndessus dictes contempl\u00e9ez et consider\u00e9ez  mauoir   pour   excus\u00e9,      et\nla\nwhere they shall se the good Homer    have ben aslepe to be wyllyng by\ngood    maner\no\u00f9 ilz    verront   le  bon  Hom\u00e8re   auoir  dormy    le  uoulloir  par\nbonne   maniere\nto wake him, in   correctyng the fautes in the whiche by cause  of the\nsame he is\nesueiller    en   corrigeant les faultes esquelles    a  cause  de  ce\n  il   est\nfallin, the whiche doyng they shall deserve   nat only    to be lauded and\npraysed,\nencouru, ce que  faisantz ilz  m\u00e9riteront   nonseullement destre lou\u00e9s et\npris\u00e9s,\nbut  also  in theyr workes and operations taxed and estimed of maner\nmais aussy en leurs euures et  operations tax\u00e9s et  estim\u00e9s de maniere\nlyke,       and to the same answeryng.\nreciprocque et corespondent.\nENDE OF THE PROLOGUE.\nPage 898\nHERE AFTER FOLOWETH THE TABLE OF THIS PRESENT TREATYSE.\nThis lytle worke shalbe devided in two bokes, wherof the fyrst shal have\ntwo partes.\nIn the fyrst part shalbe treated of rules, that is redyng frenche, and\nwhat letters shall be lefte unbesounde, and the cause therof.\nThe seconde parte shalbe of nownes, pronownes, adverbes, participles, with\nverbes, prepositions, and conjunctions.\nAlso certayne rules for conjugations.\nItem fyve or six maners of conjugations with one verbe.\nItem conjugations with two pronownes and with thre and fynally combining\nor joinyng II verbes togeder.\nThe second boke shall be of lettres missyves in prose and in ryme.\nAlso diuerse comunications by way of dialoges, to receyve a messager from\nthe emperour, the frenche kynge, or any other prince.\nAlso other comunications of the propriete of mete, of love, of peas, of\nwarres, of the exposicion of the masse, and what mannes soule is, with\nthe division of tyme, and other conseites.\nFINIS.\nA PROLOGUE FOR AN INTRODUCTORY.\nThe thynges that directely expressed maye nat be ought to be declared\nLes choses qui a droit exprimer ne se peuuent doibuent estre declareez\nby syncopation of sylence, by cause that by sylence one doth answer to\nmany\npar sincopacion taciturne, pour ce que par  silence on respond a\npluisieurs\nthynges. Syncopation is none other thyng but abreviation of length, and\nprolixite\nchoses.  Sincopation nest  aultre chose  quabreuiacion de prolixite, et\nprolixite\nis superfluitie of wordes  in declarying a thyng.  Wherfore in all\nest superfluite de paroles en declarant une chose. Pourquoy en toutes\nworkes  one ought to be shorte. We shall begynne this boke than in the\nname\noeuures on doibt estre brief. Nous commencerons ce liure doncques ou\nnom\nof God  all   mighty  and shall ende it with the helpe of hym, procedyng\nby the\nde Dieu tout puissant et  lacheuerons  a     laide diceluy,    procedant\npar le\ncounsayle of Orace, whiche is  as shorte as possible shalbe.\nconseil   dOrace,   qui est le plus brief que possible sera.\nPage 899\nHERE FOLOWETH THE FYRST BOKE OF SEVYN RULES FOR TO REDE\nAND TO PRONOUNCE FRENCHE TREWLY.\nTHE FYRST\nis howe the fyve vowels, that is to saye _a_, _e_, _i_, _o_, and _v_,\nshalbe sounded in redyng french.\nYe shal pronounce your _a_, as wyde open mouthed as ye can; your _e_,\nas ye do in latyn, almost as brode as ye pronounce your _a_ in englysshe;\nyour _i_, as sharpe as can be; _o_, as ye do in englyssh, and _v_ after\nthe Skottes, as in this worde _gud_. These fyve uowels be consonantes\nwhen they receyve nat their full sounde, as in this worde _jamais_ the\nfyrst _a_ is a uowell, and the seconde is a consonant.\nExample of _e_, as _d\u00e9it\u00e9_ and _magest\u00e9_, where bothe _ees_ of _deite_ be\nuowels, and the fyrst of _magest\u00e9_ is a consonant and the seconde is a\nuowell. Wherfore ye shall understande that the moste parte of _ees_ in\nfrench be consonantes, save fewe with suche wordes as come out of latyn.\nExample of\nto put,   oure,     your,\nconsonantes _me_, _te_, _se_,  _que_,  _de_, _le_,  _faire_, _dire_,\n_mectre_, _nostre_, _vostre_,\nwher is never a uowel. All the _ees_ that shalbe uowels in this present\nboke shalbe marked as the dyptong is in latyn, thus _\u00e9_.\nTHE SECONDE RULE.\nAlso in redyng frenche ye shall leave the last letter of every worde\nunsounde, endyng in _s_, _t_, and _p_, save of the same worde wherupon\nye do pause or rest, for if ye do pronounce every worde by hymselfe,\nthat is to say, restyng upon the same, ye ought for to pronounce and\nsounde him thorowe. And if any word endyng with an _s_, have the next\nworde folowyng begynning with a uowell, than shall ye sounde the said\n_s_, lyke a _z_,\nas in these wordes _jamais aultres_ ye shal rede _jamaiz aultre_, as it\nwere but one worde, but if the next worde commyng after the _s_ be a\nconsonant, than shall the said _s_ remayne unsounde, as in these wordes\n_jamais nar\u00e9s_, (never shall ye have) the _s_ of _jamais_ shall nat be\nsounde. Provyded alwayes, as is sayde before, that ye do nat pause nor\nrest upon the worde, for so doyng ye must sounde it parfitely.\nTHE THYRDE RULE.\nWhan one worde doth ende with a uowell, and the next folowyng after\nPage 900\nbegyn with another, than the fyrste shalbe unsounde, as in these wordes,\nbut in you\n    I me have  I the have  I him have\nye shall rede _quen uous_, and _je me ay_,  _je te ay_, je le ay_,\nye shall rede                  _je may_,    _je tay_,   _je lay_,\nand so of all suche lyke, excepte some wordes whiche be nat used in\nFraunce, as _tu as_, _thou hast_. Where bothe uowels must be sounde,\nhowbeit the Picardes sounde it after the sayd rule, sayeng _tas_ for\n_tu as_, _tes_ for _tu es_, thou arte. And if ye fynde two _ees_\nendynge and begynnynge a worde, ye shall leave the tone, as in these\n         it is with the well\nwordes, _il te est      bien_, ye shall rede _il test bien_.\nAnd of _e_, and _a_, as in these wordes _que a_, but te, ye shall rede\n_qua_. Of _e_, and _o_, as in these wordes, _que on_, but one, ye shal\nrede _quon_. Of _a_ and _o_, as in these wordes, _pourra on_, may one,\nye shall rede _pourran_. And in lyke maner of all other of that\ntermynation.\nTHE FOURTH RULE.\nAn _s_, in the begynnynge of a worde hath his full sounde, as dothe\nappere by these wordes folowyng, _sage_, _sauuage_, _sapient_, _etc._\nbut in the myddes beynge eyther before a consonant or a uowell, shall be\nsounded\n                       I sayde  I dyd     I brake   I holde peace.\nlyke a _z_, as in these wordes\n                      _disoie_, _faisoie_, _brisoie_, _taisoie_, _etc._\nTHE FYFTH RULE.\nWhan _st_ dothe come togider in a worde hauing a uowell before it, than\nthe sayde _s_ shall remayne unsounde, but it shall encreace the sounde\nof\nthe sayde uowell, as in these wordes _gaster_, _taster_, _haster_,\nye shall rede                        _gaater_, _taater_, _haater_.\n       myne hoste come agayne anone\n And _mon hoste reuenes tantost_: ye shall rede\n     _mon hoote reuenes tantoot_: ye shall nevertheles except al those\nthat be nyghe the\n            to protest  to shewe\nlatyn, as _protester_,  _manifester_, _contester_, to withstande: and\nsuche lyke, whiche must have the sayd _s_, well and parfitly sounded and\npronounced, for it is nat possyble to fynde a rule so generall and\ninfallible to serue for euery worde as was said aboue in the prologue.\nTHE SIXT RULE.\nThere is in french dyuers wordes, whiche for denotation or signifycation\nPage 901\nof plurarite dothe ende with an _s_, or with a _z_, for without he same\nthey be synguler nombre, as these wordes and such lyke\n       worde  fyste     write      a lefe\n       _mot_, _puing_, _escript_, _feullet_,\nwhiche be all synguler nombres: and if ye do adde a _z_, at the latter\nende of them, than are they plurell nombres, as _motz_, _puingz_,\n_escriptz_, _feulletz_: and than shall ye nat sounde the letter before\nthe sayd _z_, redynge _mos_, _puins_, _feull\u00e9s_. And lyke wise whan a\nworde hath a _p_, or _b_, in the myddes endyng the syllable, ye shall\nleaue them unsounde, as in these wordes and\n             dewtie     dette     to write\nsuche lyke, _debuoir_, _debte_,  _escripre_: ye shal rede\nBut whan they do begyn the worde or the syllable, than shall they be\npronounced,\n                 putte away     debated    to breke\nas these wordes, _deboute_,    _debatu_,  _debriser_, _etc._\nTHE SEVENTH RULE.\nThere is two maner of wordes harde for to be pronounced in french.\nThe fyrst is written with a double _ll_ whiche must be souned togider,\nas\n_lla_, _lle_, _lly_, _llo_, _llu_,  as in these wordes,\n         gave     cutte     gader     lefe     bayly     fayle\n       _bailla_, _tailla_, _ceulle_, _feulle_, _bally_, _fally_,\n  white        knele      a tymer hamer   full of leaves\n_moullet_,  _engenoullet_,  _mallot_,        _feullu_,    _houllu_.\nThe seconde maner harde to pronounce ben written with _gn_, before a\nuowell, as _gna_, _gne_, _gni_, _gno_, _gnu_. As in these wordes\nwan      dyd     blede    lyne     combe    vyne    scabbe   felowe\n_gagna_,     _saigna_, _ligne_,  _pigne_, _uigne_,  _tigne_, _compagne_,\n  swell     wanton      wanton\n_laigne_,  _mignon_,  _mignarde_,\nye shal except many wordes that be so written and nat so pronounced,\nendyng specially in _e_, as\n     worthy    swanne   hyghe corage\n    _digne_,  _cigne_,  _magnanime_, _etc._\nThey that can pronounce these wordes in latyn after the Italians maner,\nas (_agnus_, _dignus_, _magnus_, _magnanimus_) have bothe the\nunderstandyng and the pronouncynge of the sayde rule and of the wordes.\nYe shall fynde many suche among the nownes, uerbes, and adverbes that\nherafter be folowynge, the whiche shall have the double _l_, thus\nwritten _ll_, besyde the word and _gn_, besyde the tother.\nTHE NAMES OF MEMBRES LONGYNG TO MANNES BODY\nASWELL INWARDE AS OUT WARDE.\nthe heed or chyfe\nle chief\nthe scoull\nla teste\nthe heeres\nles cheueulz\nPage 902\nwomens heares\nles tresches\nthe busshe\nla cheuelure\nthe perwyke\nla perrucque\nthe heares\nll. la cheuechalle\nthe forhed\nle front\nthe temples\nles temples\nthe browes\nles sourcilz\nthe visage\nle visage\nthe berde\nla barbe\nthe face\nle viaire\nthe face\nla face\nthe eye or eyes\nloeul\nthe eyes\nles yeux\nthe lydde\nla paulpiere\nthe lyddes\nles paulpieres\nthe ball of the eye\nla pupille\nthe nose\nle naes\nthe nose thrilles\nll. les narilles\nthe chekes\nles joes\nthe nether chekes\nles bajoes\nthe eare\nloreille\nthe eares\nles oreilles\nthe mowth\nla bouce\nbeastes mowthe\nla geule\nthe lyppes\nles leures\nthe tonge\nla langue\nthe rouf of the mowth\nle palais\nor\nou palet\nthe teeth\nles dentz\nthe gommes\nles genciues\nthe jaws\nles machoires\nthe inward jawes\nles mandibulles\nthe chynne\nle menton\nthe throte bo?te\nle gosier\nthe gorge\nla gargate\nthe gorge\nla gorge\nthe necke\nle col\nthe knot of the neck\nle neu du col\nthe hole of the necke\nla fosse du col\nthe kenel of the necke\nla canol du col\nthe sholder\nlespaule\nthe armes\nles bras\nthe elbowe\nla coude\nthe elbowes\nles coudes\nthe fyste\nle puing\nthe fystes\nles puingz\nthe hande\nla main\nthe handes\nles mains\nthe bat of the hande\nle dos de la main\nthe balle of the hande\nla paulme\nthe balles\nles paulmes\nthe finger\nle doigt\nthe fingers\nles doigz\nthe thombe\nle poulce\nthe thombes\nles poulces\nthe jointe\nla joincte\nthe joyntes\nles joinctes\nPage 903\nthe naile\nlongle\nthe nayles\nles ongles\nthe brest\nla poictrine\nthe forke of the brest\nla fourcelle\nthe breste\nla mamelle\nthe brestes\nles mamelles\nthe body\nle corps\nthe wast\nle fauz du corpz\nthe holes under the armes\nles esselles\nthe bely\nle uentre\nthe nauyl\nle nombril\nthe backe\nle dos\nthe chyne\nleschine\nthe rayns\nles rains\nthe buttockes\nles fesses\nthe buttocke\nla fesse\nthe hippe\nla hanche\nthe hippes\nles hanches\nthe grynes\nles ames\nthe nether beerde\nla penilliere\nthe thighe\nla cuisse\nthe thighes\nles cuisses\nthe knee\nle genouil\nthe knees\nles genoulz\nthe hamme\nle jaret\nthe hammes\nles jaretz\nthe legge\nla jambe\nthe legges\nles jambes\nthe chyne boone\nla greue\nor the backe of\nou le dos de\nthe legge\nla jambe\nthe calfe of the legge\nle pomeau\nthe ancle\nll. la cheuille\nthe ancles\nll. les cheuilles\nthe hele\nle talon\nthe foote\nle pied\nthe feetes\nles piedz\nthe back of the foote\nle dos du pied\nthe soole\nla plante\nthe sooles\nles plantes\nthe great too\nle graunt orteil\nthe toes\nles orteilz\nTHE INWARD MEMBRES.\nthe braine\nle cerueau\nthe hering\nlouye\nthe sight\nla ueue\nthe smellyng\nlolfact\nthe smellyng\nle flairer\nthe taste\nle goust\nthe telynge\nle taste\nthe chawyng\nle macer\nthe swalowyng\nlauailer\nthe hert\nle ceur\nthe stomake\nlestomac\nthe galle\nle feil\nthe leuer\nle foie\nthe lyver\nle gisier\nPage 904\nthe longe\nle poulmo\nthe mylte\nlesplene\nor the mylte\nou la rate\nor mylte\nou ratelle\nthe bledder\nla uessie\nthe kydneys\ngn. les rognons\nthe uryne\nlurine\nthe guttes\nles boiaulz\nthe small guttes\nles intestins\nthinward part of the bely\nll. les entrailles\nthe gader\nla coree\nthe blode\nle sang\nthe coller\nla colere\nthe melancoly\nla melencolie\nthe fleame\nle flegme\nthe senewes\nles nerfz\nthe ueynes\nles uaines\nthe ueynes of the puls\nles arteres\nthe pulse\nle pulse\nthe rybbes\nles costes\nthe bones\nles os\nthe brethe\nlalaine\nthe spyttell\nla saliue\nthe spyttyng\nle crachat\nOTHER NAMES BEYNG\nIN MAN.\nthe soule\nlame\nthe spyrite\nlesperit\nthe wytte\nle sens\nthe wyll\nle uoullior\nthe wyll\nla uoullente\nthe rayson\nla raison\nthe memory\nla memoire\nthe understandyng\nlentendement\nthe thought\nla pens\u00e9e\nthe ymagination\nlimagination\nthe jugement\nle jugement\nthe opynyon\nlopinion\nthe stomake\nle courage\nthe hardynesse\nla hardiesse\nthe cowardnesse\nla couardise\nfeblenesse of corage\nla lachet\u00e9\nthe feare\nla peur\nthe truthe\nla uerit\u00e9\nthe leasyng\nle mensonge\nthe drede\nla crainte\nthe ferefulnesse\nlespouantement\nthe strength\nla force\nthe feblenesse\nla foiblesse\nthe mansuetude\nla debonairet\u00e9\nthe angrefull disposition\nla felonie\nthe malyce\nla malice\nthe cruelnesse\nla cruault\u00e9\nthe goodnesse\nla bont\u00e9\nthe frowardnesse\nla mauuaist\u00e9\nthe peace\nla paix\nthe rest\nle repos\nthe trouble\nle trouble\nPage 905\nthe labour\nll. le trauaill\nthe stedfastnesse\nla constance\nthe unstedfastnesse\nla uariablet\u00e9\nthe hatered\nla hayne\nthe frendship\nlamiti\u00e9\nthe joye\nla joye\nthe sorowe\nla tristesse\nthe heuynesse\nlennuy\nthe rejoysyng\nle rejouissement\nthe angre\nle corous\nthe sporte\nlesbatement\nthe wrath\nlire\nthe pacyence\nla pacience\nthe pride\nlorgeul\nthe mekenesse\nlhumilit\u00e9\nthe envy\nlenuie\nthe charyte\nla charit\u00e9\nthe dilygence\nla deligence\nthe lytell corage\nla pusillanimit\u00e9\nthe glotony\nla glotonnie\nthe sobernesse\nla sobriet\u00e9\nlechery\nluxure\nthe chastyte\nla chastet\u00e9\ncoueytyse\nconuoitise\nlyberalytie\nliberalit\u00e9\nauaryce\nauarice\nwaste\nprodigalit\u00e9\nto go about rychesse\nambicion\nwylfull pouertie\nuoluntaire pouret\u00e9\nboostyng\nla uantance\npresumptuous\nlarrogance\nthe truthe in lyueng\nla preudomie\nthe falsehed\nla faulcet\u00e9\nthe lyfe\nla uie\nthe dethe\nla mort\nthe youthe\nla jeunesse\nthe age\nll. la uiellesse\nthe ignorauncy\nlignoraunce\nthe wysdome\nla sagesse\nthe byrth\nla neissance\nthe chyldhode\nlenfance\nthe feblenesse\nla debilit\u00e9\nthe manhood\nla uirilit\u00e9\nthe foulenesse\nla turpitude\nthe honeste\nlhonnestet\u00e9\nthe insolency\nlinsolence\nthe stablenes\nla fermet\u00e9\nthe bondage\nla seruitude\nthe fredome\nla libert\u00e9\nthe honoure\nlhonneur\nthe shame\nla honte\nthe rychesse\nla richesse\nthe nedynes\nla pouret\u00e9\nthe sikenes\nla maladie\nthe helth\nla sant\u00e9\nthe pourete\nlindigence\nthe plente\nla plent\u00e9\nPage 906\nthe plenty\nlabondance\nthe nigardnes\nla chicet\u00e9\nthe rudenes\nla rudesse\nthe swyftness\nla promptitude\nthe inclynation\nla propension\nfacyle inclynation\nla procliuit\u00e9\nthe desyre to slepe\nlassoupissement\nthe quyckenesse\nla uiuacit\u00e9\nthe graunt\nlottroy\nthe denyeng\nle deniement\nthe heate\nla challeur\nthe coldnesse\nla froydure\nthe drynesse\nla seicheur\nthe moystnesse\nlhumidit\u00e9\nthe laughyng\nle rire\nthe wepyng\nle plourer\nthe complaynyng\nle playndre\nthe lamentyng\nle lamenter\nthe yexyng\nle sanglouter\nthe neesyng\nlesternuer\nthe snowring\nle ronfler\nthe syghynges\nle souperer\nsyghes\nsoupirs\nthe yexynges\nles sanglous\nthe spyttyng\nle cracher\nto blowe the nose\nle mouch\u00e9r\nthe slepynge\nle dormir\nthe watchyng\nle ueillier\nthe slepe\nle sompne\nthe dreamyng\nle songer\nthe drinkyng\nle boire\nthe eatynge\nle menger\nthe sacyate\nle saoul\nthe hungry\nle familleus\nTHE NAMES OF WOMENS\nREMENTES.\nthe smocke\nle chemisse\nthe coler\nle colet\nthe sleves\nles manches\nthe gussettes\nle goucerons\nthe surfyls\nles ourletz\nthe seames\nles coustures\nthe kyrtell\nle corset\nthe krytell\nla cottelette\nthe petycote\nla cotte simple\nthe gowne\nla robbe\nthe placharde\nle placart\nthe cuffes\nles bonbardes\nthe purfyll\nla bordure\nthe lynynge\nla doublure\nthe furre\nla fourrure\nthe under gyrdell\nle demy chaint\nthe gyrdell\nla chainture\nthe purse\nla bourse\nthe pyncase\nlespinceau\nor the case for pynnes\nou lespinglier\nthe heed atayre\nlattour\nthe frenche hode\nle chapperon a plis\nPage 907\nthe bonette\nle bonnet\nthe crispynes\nles crespines\nthe frontler of velvet\nll. les beatilles\nthe templettes\nles templettes\nthe partelet\nle gorgias\nthe necke kerchef\nla colerette\nthe kercher\nle ceuurechief\nthe partelet\nle colet\nthe partelet\nle colier\nthe bracel\nle bracelet\nthe tache\nlesgrappe\nthe ringes\nles aneaulz\nthe owche\nla bague\nto close the necke kercher\nll. le fermall\na broche\nlafficque\nan image\nlimage\nthe gabardine\nla gauardine\nthe tipet\nla cornette\nthe cloke\nle manteau\nthe bone grace\nle moufflet\nthe knyves\nles coutteaus\nthe beedes\nles patenostres\nthe hande kercher\nlesmouchail\nthe hande kercher\nou mouchoir\nthe lace\nle lacz\nthe small lace\nle lacet\nthe combe\nle pigne\nthe lye\nla lessiue\nthe gloves\nles gantz\nthe tymble\nle does\nthe nydel\nll. lesguille\nthe pynnes\nles espingles\nthe brusshe to swepe\nles espoussettes,\nla uerge a esterdre\nthe hooses\nles chausses\nthe garters\nles jartiers\nthe pynson showes\nles eschapins\nthe showes\nles soli\u00e9s\nthe buskyns\nles brousequins\nthe slyppars\nles pantouffles\nthe sheres\nles forces\nthe small sheres\nou forcettes\nMENS REMENT.\nthe sherte\nla chemisse\nthe doublet\nle pourpoint\nthe coote\nle seon or say\nthe jacquete\nla jacquete\nthe jacquete\nle hecqueton\nthe gowne\nla robbe\nthe partelet\nle colet\nthe hat\nle chapiau\nlappe of man\nla tocque\nthe cappe\nle bonnet\nthe hoode\nle chaperon\nthe gyrdel\nla chainture\nthe sworde\nlespee\nPage 908\nthe spanische sworde\nla rapiere\nthe dagar\nla dague\nthe bagge\nla gibessiere\nthe purse\nla louiere\nthe purse\nlaulmoniere\nthe bootes\nles botes\nthe bootes\nles houseaus\nthe spores\nles esperons\nthe shylde\nlescu\nthe paueys\nla parme\na great buccler\nla taloche\nthe buccler\nle bouclier\nthe camell\nle camiau\nthe drommadary\nle dromadaire\nthe asse\nlasne\nthe horse\nle cheual\nand all beestes\net touttes bestes\nbearyng sadyls\nportant selles\nor fardels\nou fardeau\nor packes\nou uoiture\nhave nede\nont mestier\nof packe sadyls or of\nde batz         ou de\nsaddyls, the whiche\nselles,  les quelles\nhave a pomell\na pommeau\nbacke and boweth\ndos    et archons\nsursyngles\nsoursangles\nand pannels\net paneaus\nthan the heed-stall,\npuis la testierre\nreyne, and\nresne, et\nbyttes, make the\nmors, font la\nbridell\nbride\nthe petrell\nle poitral\nthe gyrthes\nles sengles\nthe styroppes\nles estries\nthe styrop ledders\nles estriuieres\nthe crouper\nla croupiere\nthe buckeles\nles boucles\nand the nayles\net  les clous\nthat one can nat\nquon ne peult\nmake nor forge\nfaire ne forger\nwithout the anuyle\nsans lenclume\nthe fyle the\nla lime, le\nhammer\nmarteau\nthe pyncettes\nll. les tenailles\nthe coles\nles charbons\nwith the fyre\nauec le feu\nayre, water, and\naire, eaue   et\nerthe, with the\nterre, auec le\nsmyth\nmarechall\nor locker\nou serrurier\nTHE CHAMBRE.\nthe bedde\nle lict\nthe bolster\nle trauersin\nor the bolster\nou le chauet\nthe pyllowes\nll. les oreilliers\nthe blankettes\nles blanchetz\nthe shetes\nles linceulz\nPage 909\nthe couerlette\nle couuertior\nthe sparuer\nle ciel\nthe sparuer\nll. le pauillon\nthe curtyns\nles courtines\nthe hangyng\nla tapisserie\nthe carpettes\nles tapis uelus\nthe quyishens\nles carriaus\nall one\nles coissins\nthe bedde portatyve\nle lict de camp\nthe bedstede\nle chalict\nthe borde\nla table\nthe trestels\nles tresteaus\nthe forme\nle banc\nthe chayres\nles chaieres\nthe stools\nles escabelles\nthe forte stoole\nle marce pied\nthe table cloth\nla nape\nthe napkyns\nles seruiettes\nthe salt\nle sel\nthe salt saler\nla saliere\nthe chafyng dysshe\nla chauffette\nthe spones\nles cuillieres\nthe trenchers\nles trenchoirs\nthe platters\nles platz\nthe dysshes\nles escuelles\nthe sawcers\nles saussiers\nthe bred\nle pain\nthe fleshe\nla cher\nthe butter\nle beurre\nthe chese\nle fromage\nthe egges\nles oeufz\nthe whyte wyn\nle uin blanc\nthe claret\nle claret\nthe rede darke\nll. le uermeill\nthe wyne red\nle uin rouge\nypocras\nypocras\nthe waffers\nles oubliez\nthe succades\nla succad\nthe confittes\nla dragerie\nthe confections\nles confitures\nthe coup borde\nle buffet\nthe pottes\nles potz\nthe flagons\nles flagons\nthe couppes\nles couppes\nthe boles\nles tasses\na genial name for cuppes\nles hanapz\nthe gobbelettes\nles gobeletz\nthe glasses\nles uoires\nand the water\net leau\nfor to washe them\npour les rincer\nthe bacin\nle bacin\nthe ewer\nlesguiere\nTHE KECHIN.\nthe mayster coke\nle sommelier\nthe yoman coke\nles cuisinies\ngromes of the kechin\nuarletz de cuisin\nturne broches\nles galopins\nPage 910\nthe pottes\nles potz\nthe pannes\nles poelles\nthe caudrons\nles chaudrons\nthe spyttes\nles hastiez\nthe spyttes\nles broches\nthe morters\nles mortiers\nthe pestels\nles pestiaus\nthe serces\nles tamis\nthe stamels\nles estamines\nthe instrument for to larde\nle lardeur\nthe bacon\nle lard\nthe mustarde\nla moustarde\nthe grene sauce\nla sausse uerde\nthe gambon\nle jambon\nthe befe\nle beuf\nthe bull\nle tor\nthe cowe\nla uache\nthe calfe, vele\nle ueau\nthe mutton\nle mouton\nthe sholder\nlespoule\nthe gygot, a brest\nle gigot\nthe chyne\nleschine\nthe rybbes\nles costes\nthe necks\nle colet\nthe trotters\nles trottins\nthe lambe\ngn. lagneau\nthe heed\nla teste\nthe gader or nombles\nla couree\nthe skynne\nla piau\nthe ramme\nle belin\nthe ewe\nla brebis\nthe he gotte\nle bouc\nthe she gotte\nla chieuure\nthe swyne or hogge\nle pourceau\nthe boore\nle uerrart\nthe boore\nle uer\nthe wylde boore\nle senglier\nthe sowe\nla truye\nthe pygge\nle cochon\nHAUKES OF PRAY SYXTENE\nKYNDES.\nthe egle\nlaigle\ngerfaucon\ngerfau\nthe tercell\ngerk\nsacres\nsacres\nthe tercell\nsacretz\nfalcons\nfaulcons\nthe tercell\ntierceletz\nlenners\nlainers\nlanerettes\nlaneretz\nmeryllons\nll. esmerillons\nhobbeys\nhobriaus\ngoshaukes\naustours\ntercels\ntierceletz\nuperhaukes\nesparuiers\nmuskettes\nmouchetz\ncrystrels\ncretreulles\nthe thrusshe\nmauluis\nPage 911\nthe cocowe\ncoucou\ncocowe\ncocou\nglede\nmellans\nputtockes\nescoufles\nthe blewe kyte\nfaulz perdrier\nbussardes\nbusartz\nbruhiers\nbruhiers\ngreater than the egle\nuoultoires\nthe ducke oule\nle duc chahuan\nthe oule\nle chahuan\nthe lytell oule\nla chouette\nthe ravyn\nle corbiau\nthe crowe\nla cornaille\nthe highwale\nlespec\nthe unthatche\nle picmars\nthe dawe\nle canne\nthe pye\nla pie\nthe pye\nlagace\nthe jaye\nle jay\nthe henne\nla poulle\nthe henne\nle geline\nthe chekyns\nles poucins\nthe cocke\nle coc\nthe capon\nle chappon\nthe partryche\nla perdris\nthe yong partryches\nles pertriaus\nthe fesaunt\nle faisant\nthe dove\nle coulomb\nthe rynged dove\nle ramier\nthe stocke dove\nle creuset\nthe turtle dove\nla tourtrelle\nthe pygions\nles pigeons\nthe cormorande\nle cormorain\nthe wodcocke\nla becasse\nthe quayle\nla quaille\nthe larke\nlalouette\nthe plouuer\nle pluuier\nthe lapwyng\nle uaniau\nthe crane\nla grue\nthe bustarde\nlautarde\nthe pecoke\nle paon\nthe swanne\nle signe\nthe goose\nlouoye\nwylde\nsouuage\ntame\ndomenche\nthe barnacle\nle barnacle\nthe gander\nle jar\nthe goslynges\nles oisons\nthe heyron\nle heron\nthe shoveler\nle trublet\ntheggret\nlaigret\nthe byttour\nle buto\nthe storke\nla cigoin\nthe malarde\nle malard\nthe malarde\nle canart\nthe ducke\nla canne\nthe ducke\nlanette\nPage 912\nthe ducklyns\nles annetons\nthe coote\nla joudelle\nthe coote\nla blarie\nthe teyle\nle cercelle\nthe starlyng\nlestourneau\nthe star\nlesprohon\nthe felde fare\nla griue\nthe osyll\nle merle\nthe sparowe\nle passereau\nthe sparowe\nle moisson\nthe fynche\nle pinchon\nthe blewe back and redbrest\nla pioue\nthe wagtayle\nla bergieronnet\nthe wagtayle\nle hochecul\nthe grene fynche\nle frion\nthe grene fynche\nla verdiere\nthe gold fynche\nla cardinotte\nthe lynnnet\nla linotte\nthe coldmouse\nla messange\nthe nyghtyngale\ngn. le rossignol\nrocyn redbrest\nla robaille\nthe wrenne\nle rotelet\nFRUTES.\ncherys\ncherises\nsmall cherys\nguingues\ngreat cherys\ngascongnes\nsmall cherys\nmerises\n[something missing?]\ncormes\n[something missing?]\nsorbes\nraspyse\nfranboises\ngose berrys\ngroiselles\nstrawberys\nfreses\napples\npommes\nperys\npoires\nplummes\nprunes\ndampsons\nprunes de damas\npeches\npesches\nmulberys\nmoures\nmelons\nmelons\ngourdes\ngourdes\ncoucumbers\ncoucombres\ngranades\ngrenades\norenges\norenges\nopenarses\nmesles\nmedlers\nneffles\nchestayns\ngn. chatangnes\nwalnottes\nnois\nfylberdes\nnois franches\nsmall nottes\nnoisettes\nWHYT MEATES.\ncustardes\ndariolles\nflawnes\nflans\ntartes\ntartes\npasteys\npast\u00e9s\nfrytters\nbignetz\nVENESON.\nthe harte\nle cerf\nPage 913\nthe hynde\nla biche\nthe bucke\nle dain\nthe doe\nla daine\nthe robucke\nle saillant\nthe robucke\nla capreolle\nthe robucke\nle cheuriau\nthe hare\nle leure\nthe watte\nle leurart\nthe conys\nles connis\nthe rabettes\nles lapriaus\nthe rabettes\nles lapins\nFYSHES.\nalose or shaddes\naloses\neeles\nll. anguilles\nwhelkes\nbalaines\nbarbyls\nbarbeaus\nbase\nbars\nbreames\nbresmes\npykes\nbrocetz\ncarpes\ncarpes\nhaddockes\ncableaus\nmyllers thombes\ncaboceaus\ncongers\ncongres\ncoccles\ncocques\ncrabbes\ncrabbes\ndogge fysshe\nchien de mer\ncheuyns\nchieuennes\nshrimpes\ncreuettes\nporpasse\ndaulphin\nsturgyons\nesturgeons\nsmeltes\nespelans\ncreuice deau douce\nescreuice\ngoienne\ngougeons\ncrevyce of the see\nhoumars\nwhyte heryng\nharenc blanc\nreed heryng\nharenc sor\nlampreys\nlamproiez\nloches\nloches\nmakerell\nmacreaus\nmuskels\nmoulles\nwhytynges\nmelans\nmullettes\nmuletz\nthe see swyne\nmarsouin\noysters\nhiutres\nperches\nperces\nplaise\nplais\nray or thornbacke\nrayes\nroches\nroches\nhusses\nroussettes\nrochettes\nrougetz\nsalmons\nsaulmons\nsolles\nsolles\ntonyne\ntoninnes\ntenches\ntences\ngournardes\ntumbes\ntrowtes\ntreute\nturbottes\nturbot\nPage 914\nmenews\nuerron\n[something missing]\nuendoise\nTREES.\nthe almande tre\namandier\nthelder\naulne\nhau thorne bearing\naubespin portant\nthe beris\ncurelles\nwodde, tymber\nbois, fust\ntymber fewell\nmairien laigne\nfagottes\nfaceaus, fagotz\nlogges\nhuches\nkyndlyng fagottes\nbourreez\nbarberis\nbarberis\nboxe\nbuis\nheyth\nbruiere\nbusshes\nbuissons\nbyrche\nbouill\na place full of hasels\ncouldrieres\nhasell\ncouldre\nchestayne tree\nchataignier\nchery tree\ncherisier\nhonysocle tre\neiebrou\nall one\nchieurefeul\ntyller of a crosbowe\ncormier\ncornus\nll. cornillier\noke beryng\nchesnes portant\nacornes\nglandz\ncipre tree\ncipres\nquyne aple tre\ncoingz\npalmier\ndatiers\nmaples\nerrables\nthornes blacke\nespines noire\nand whyte\net blanche\neglentine\nesglentier\nbiche or the tre\nfou ou haitre\nthat beareth\nqui porte\nthe maste\nfoynes\nfigge tre\nfiguier\nraspis tre\nfrancboisier\nashe\nfresne\nsmall chery tre\nguinguier\nthe same agayne\nbadeolier\nwylde cherys\nmerisier\ngreat chery tre\ngascongnier\ngowsbery tre\ngroiselier\ngrenade tre\ngrenadier\nbrowme\ngenistres\nthe pocke tre\ngaiaqz ou eban\nholy or holme\nhoull\njue\nyerre\njenoper\njenopure\newe\niff\nfirres or gost\nsongniarins ou rauenelles\nthe bay tre\nlaurier\nmore bery tre\nmourier\nmedler\nmeslier\nPage 915\nopyners tre\nnefflier\nwalnot tre\nnoier\nbasels\nnoisiers\noliue tre\noliuiers\nwylows or osiers\nosiers\norange tre\norengiers\nelmes\nourmes\naple tre\npommiers\npeerre tre\npoiriers\nplomme tre\npruniers\npeche tre\npeschiers\npinaple tre\npins\nplane\nplanes\npoplar tre\npoupeliers\nrosiers\nrosiers\nbreeres\nrouces\nrosmarie\nrosmarins\nfyrs\nsapins\nthe place of wilowes\nsaussoie\nwylowes\nsaus\nserues tre\nseruiers\nelder tre\nsehuc\naspes\ntrembles\ntron a lytell tre\ntrosne\nvynes\nuignes\ncornes\nbledz\nwhette\nfourment\nrye\nseigle\ndaruell\niuraie\nall one\njargerie\nall one or zizany\ndroe\nootes\nauaine\nbarley  myll\norge    myll\nbeanes\nfebues\npeeses\npois\ngreat peeses\ncices\nsmall peeses\nll. lentilles\nsmall beanes\nlupins\nall one\nlobis\nryse\nriez\nfetche\nuesche\nhempe sede\ncanebuise\nline side\nlinuuy\nrape side\nnauette\nmostard syde\nsenneu\u00e9\nstrawe\nestrain\nstraw or hay\nfeurre\nhey\nfoyn\nlitter or chaff\npaille\npease strawe\npesas\nmele    flour\nfarine  fleur\nbranne\ntercou\nalle one\nson\ntrowgh\nmayt\npaste  levyn\npaste  leuain\nto knede\npestrir\nouuen\nfour\nPage 916\nto put in the ouuen\nenfourner\nbrede { black\npain  { bis\nNAMES OF OFFICERS\nREGALLES.\nthe great master\nle grand maistre\nthe steward\nle maistre dhostel\nthe great chamberlayn\nle chambrier\nthe second chamberlin\nle chamberlain\nthe cuppe bearer\nle echanson\nthe seuer\nle pannetier\nsergeantes officers\nle somellier\nmaster of horses\nle grant escuier\nthe squier under him\nlescuier descurie\nthe great hownter\nle grant ueneur\nthe master of hawkes\nle grant faulconner\nthe master of the forest\nle verdier\nthe see\nla mer\nof the see\nla marinne\nof the see in the masculin\nmarin\nthe tyde\nmar\u00e9e\nspringe\nsourjon\nspringe\nsourse\nfountayne\nfontaine\nriuer\nriuiere\nthe shawre\nriue\na furde\nle gu\u00e9\nthe poole\nle uiuier\nthe great poole\nlestant\nthe hole\nla fosse\nthe dykes\nles fosses\nthe broke\nle rieu\nthe broke or chenell\nle ruisseau\ncysterne\nciterne\na shyppe\nnauire\na barge\nnef\na shyppe bote\nscaffe\na lytell bote\nnacelle\na ferry bote\nbac\na square bote\nbacquet\na lytell barge\nchalan\nall one\nsantine\na whery\ncymbe\nto suche flocke\na tel aumaille\nsuche shepherde\ntel bergier\n        { de brebis\nflocke  { of gotes\nung     { de chieures\ntropeau {\n        { de uaches\n        { de jumentz\nstoude of stalons\nharas  des talons\n       of coltes\n       de poulains\nPROPERTES OF BEESTES.\na man dothe syng\nung homme chante\nan asse\nung asne recane\na cowe lowes\nune uache mugist\na shepe bletes\nune brebis beste\na wolfe and a\nung loup et ung\nPage 917\ndogge houles\nchien hulent\nthe cat and the lyon\nle chat et le lion\ngrynneth\ngroulent\na hogge\nung pourceau\ngroneth\ngrongne\na chorle hommeth\nung uillain\nor grudgeth\nhongne\na dogge barketh\nung chien abaie\na foxe and\nung renart et\nan otter panteth\nung putois glatissent\nthe serpentes hysses\nles serpens siblent\nthe byrdes\nles oiseauz\nchermes and chattereth\njargonent et degoisent\nthe man is well\nlhomme est bien\nshaped, that hath the\nfourm\u00e9, qui a le\ntroncke ryght, and the\ntronc droit, et le\nremenaunt lyke\ntige semblable\nlonge\nlong, longue\nshorte\ncourt, courte\nbrefe\nbrief, briefue\ngreat\ngrand, grande\ngroose\ngros, grosse\ndimynutyve\ngroset, grossette\nsmall or sclender\ngresle\nfatte\ngras, grasse\nthynne\ndeli\u00e9 tenue\nsmall\nmenu menue\nthycke\nespes espesse\nthycke or rype\ndrue drue\nlyght\nlegier legiere\nhevy\npesant pesante\nholowe\ncreu creuse\nhole or sounde\nentier entiere\nsolude\nmassif massifue\nstreyght\nestroit estroite\nlarge\nlarge largeur\nynough\nplent\u00e9\nall one\nprou\nplentie\nfoison\ninough\nass\u00e9s\nynough lytell\nass\u00e9s pou\nall one\nass\u00e9s petit\nto moche\ntrop\nmore   lesse\nplus   moins\nnygarde\nescars, escarse\nsofte\nmol molle\nharde\ndur dure\nduret durette\nlyar\nmenteur mentresse\nswete\ndouls doulce\nbytter\namer amere\nbytternesse\namertume\nvyle\nord orde\nfoule\nsal salle\nspotted\nsouill\u00e9 souill\u00e9e\nvyllayne\nvillain villaine\ncraver\ntruand truande\nPage 918\nbegger\nbelitre, belitresse\nlepre\npouacre infect\nknave\ncoquin coquine\nbegger\nkemand kemande\nboy      gyrle\ngarcon   garce\nboy       gyrle\nhardeau   hardele\nglotton\ngourmand gourmande\nmalapert\ncocard cocarde\nlykerous\nfriand friande\nwanton\nmignon mignart\nwanton woman\nmignarde\nlyar\nmensongier mensongiere\njester\nbourdeur bourderesse\nbeggler\ntrompeur trompeuse\njangler\ncacqueteur cacquetresse\nreprover\nramponeur ramponeresse\nhore monger\npaillard\nhore\npaillarde\nhore monger\nribauld\nhoore\nribaulde\nhoore monger\nputier\nhoore\nputain\nbaude\nmacreau macquerelle\na thefe\nlaron\na she thefe\nlaronnesse\nSALUTATYONS IN FRENCHE, WHICHE MAY BE TOURNED TWO MANER WAYES,\n    AS WHAN YE SAYE IN ENGLISSHE, GOD GYVE YOU GOOD MOROWE,\n        YE MAY SAYE, GOOD MOROWE GYVE YOU GOD,\n            AS YE SHALL SE HERE FOLOWYNGE.\ngood morowe\nbon  jour\ngood yere\nbon  an\ngood evenyng\nbon  vespre\ngood evyn\nbon  soir\ngood  nyght\nbonne nuyt\ngood meetyng\nbon  encontre\ngood joye\nbon  joie\nPage 919\n      me         good lyfe and longe            me\n      me         bonne vie et longue            me\nGod   hym gyve   good prosperyte   and to you   him gyve   God\nDieu  luy doint  bonne prosperit\u00e9  et a vous    luy doint  Dieu\n      nous       bien prosperer                 nous\n      them       good begynnyng                 them\n      leurs      bon commencement               leurs\n                 good ende, and well to fynisshe\n                 bon fin, ou bien acheuer\n                 well to lyve, well to dye\n                 bien uiure, bien mourir\n                 paradyse at the ende\n                 paradis en la fin\n                 the hole, or the fulfyllyng     of your desyres\n                 lentier ou laccomplissement     de vos  desirs\n      God  kepe,    God  blesse,      God  save,     God gyde you.\n      Dieu gart,    Dieu benie,       Dieu sauue,    Dieu uous conduye.\nGod  be   within, God    be  your  helpe, God be wyllynge to helpe you,\nGod  kepe  you\nDieu soit ceans,  Dieu vous soit en aide, Dieu  vous  veulle  aider,\nDieu vous garde\nfrom yvell and trouble,  I bydde you farwell, God be with you,\nI take my leave of you, farwell\nde   mal    et dencombrier, a dieu vous dis,   a dieu soiez,\nadieu sans adieu,      adieu\ntyll    we se agayne.\njusques au reueoir.\nPage 920\nTHE GENERATION OF COLOURS WITH THE BLASON OF THEM.\nColour   is  lyght   incorporate in  a  body visyble pure and clene.\nThere\nCoulleur est lumiere incorpor\u00e9e  en ung perspectif   pur   et nect.\nIlz\nben  two  dyfference of perspectyves, the one is  pure, separate of\nerthlynesse,\nsont deux difference de perspectifz,    lung  est pur,  s\u00e9par\u00e9   de\nterrestr\u00e9it\u00e9,\nand the tother is  spotted   by  the same and myxed lyght   is  devyded\nin\net   lautre    est coinquin\u00e9 par  icelle  et  mixtion\u00e9 lumiere est\nfour partes, that is to say clere, darke   plentuous  or scant, whiche\nis to understande\nquadri-partite, cest a dire  clere, obscure habondante et rare,  qui\nest a entendre\ngreat  or small.  Wherfore it appereth that thre  thynges dothe cause\ngrande ou petite. Pourquoy il appert   que  trois choses    causent\nthe essence of whythnesse, that is to say, clerenesse with habundaunce\nof the same,\nlessence    de blancheur,  cest a scauoir,  clart\u00e9    avec multitude\ndicelle,\nand a body visyble clene and pure. And thre thynges   lykewyse   ben\ncause of\net ung  perspectif pur   et  nect. Et trois choses semblablement sont\ncause de\nblacke colour,  it is to say,  lyght,    darke  with scarsnesse of it,\nand\ncoulleur noir, cest a scauoir, lumiere, obscure auec paucite    dicelle,\net\nperspectyve unclene. And by this is   open   the sayeng of Arystotell,\nand\nof Avenrois,\nperspectif  impur.   Et par ce est  esclarcy le   dict   dAristote\net de Avenrois,\nwhiche have put blacknesse for  privation and whytnesse for  habytude\nqui    ont  mis noircheur  pour priuacion et  blancheur pour habitude\nor forme. And knowe ye that in these two  colours   lyeth   all   the\nothers.\nou forme. Et   sach\u00e9s   quen   ces   deux coulleurs gisent toutes les\naultres.\nmournyng           blacke\nmekenesse          whyte           sylver\nhumilite           blanc           argent\norgeul             rouge           geule\namoureus           verd            sinople\nstedfast           blewe\nconstant           bleu            asure\nPage 921\ngyle             darke blewe\ndeception        pers\nwerynes          tawny\nfatygation       taun\u00e9\npossessyon       yelowe\njouissance       jaulne\nhoope            gray\nesperance        gris\nmagest\u00e9          pourple\ncherit\u00e9          sanguin\ntrahison         violet\n                 flour of peche tree\n                 fleur de pescier\ndissymulation    carnation\nchaungeable\nchangeant\npale             pale             darke colour\npasle            blesme           obscur\ndeed colour      horse flesshe\ncoulleur morte   cher de cheual\nHERE FOLOWETH DYVERS REASONS WITH SOME STRANGE WORDES\nFOR INTRODUCTION OF THE FRENCHE TONGE.\nOut  sette the hevynesse  of slepe vayne and longe, a   quyete  slepe\nHors mis  lentommissement du somne vain  et  long, ung taisible dormir\nis  right necessary and delycious.\nest tres necessaire et  delicieus.\nA    man  doutfull and suspect of jelous is sone converted and tounred\nUng homme doubteus  et  soupeconeus     est tost conuerty  et  tourn\u00e9\nin smerte.\nen cusancon.\nPage 922\nA man alredy luke warme in deedly    hete,    kyndled  of angre  and\nHomme desja  ti\u00e9de      en mortelle challeur, embras\u00e9 de eorous et\nmadde   of dispayre.\nforsen\u00e9 de d\u00e9sespoir.\nA goodly  lady, meke,    trymmed, currteyse: damosell   stedfast,\nsymple,\nDame gaillarde, benigne, cointe,  courtoise: damoiselle constant,\nsymple,\nchaste, shamefast and honest.\nchaste, pudique   et  honeste.\nA woman dishonest, redy to fall, shamelesse,  wanton,  subtyle,\npaynted\nFemme   impudicque, lubricque,   affront\u00e9e,  mignarde, affait\u00e9e,\nfard\u00e9e\nand disceyvable.\net   rus\u00e9e.\nA   gyrle havyng laughyng eyes,  full  of  swete  promyse,\nbearyng wytnesse\nUne garce aiant  yeulx riantz,  plains de  doulx promettre,\nfaisant foy\nof a  wanton   wyll.\ndung voulloir feminin.\nHe is  worthy of  prayse, whiche enforceth him  to gete  by vertue\ngreater\nIl est digne  de louenge,  qui    senforce     dacquerer par vertu\nplus haulte\nlyght,   for  of it  to sparcle the beames through all the worlde.\nlucence  pour  en    espandre   les rais     par   tout le  monde.\nIt is folly to set our trust in thynges whiche shall fall sythe that\nwe knowe\nCest   folie de  nous  fier  ez choses   qui     cherront     puisque\ncognoissons\nselfely the  soveraygne  lyghtnesse    to be   darked   of a  lyght\ncloude.\nneiz    les souuerains resplendisseurs estre obscurciez dune legiere\nnu\u00e9e.\nO fortune, sorowe   encreasyng, and slombryng  all  delyces with great\nblame\nO fortune, doulleur aggrauant,  et  soupissant tous delices,  a  grant\ntort\na    body    by  a  lytell  immoderate colere,  doth angre hymself\nagaynst\nune personne par ung petit de colere immoder\u00e9e,  se    indigne\ncontre\nhis frende, at the lest without a faute goyng before.\nson amy,    au moins     sans    prealable    offence.\nIt is shame to a  noble person   with his strength to darke  his\nhonour\nCest  honte a une noble personne selon sa  force   obscurcir son\nhonneur\nby  his shame.\npar ses hontes.\nPage 923\nIf the humayne inclynation, whiche is wont for the most parte to\nrefuse that\nSe  lhumaine  propension,      qui seult   pour la plus part\nrefuser  ce\nwhich one to him doth ministre for  most necessary, is nat somwhat\nrestrayned,\nquon         luy   administre  pour plus necessaire  nest aulcunement\ncohib\u00e9e,\nscante  shalbe able in any   scyence to profyte.\na paine   pourra  en aulcune science prouffiter.\nWe    be   right nygh  clevyng   the one to the other, bycause  of\nnaturall\nNous sommes de pres   adherentes les ung des aultres, a cause   de\nnaturalle\ninclynation, specially havyng symilytude of maners togyder.\nprocliuit\u00e9,  signament aiantz confirmit\u00e9 de  meurs ensemble.\nThose whiche by dignyties  ben   shewed      above      others  ought\nto then sample\nCeulz  qui   par dignites sont pr\u00e9\u00e9minence par dessus les aultres\ndeueroient selon\nof  God, to put downe their pride  and highnesse.\n Dieu,    rabaisser   leur crestes et haultesses.\nTo do the contrary  is  an  infortunate accident springyng of malyce,\nand\nFaire  au contraire est ung   fortuit   accident procedant de malice,\net\nyeldyng  a   man  right dull, wherfore  for  nat to be gainsayeng and\nrendant ung homme fort empos, pour quoy pour non estre  restif    et\nrefusyng good counsayle: it is farre better to  sustayne a good\nquarell,\noppugnant bon  conseil,    trope mieulx  vault soubstenir bonne\nquerelle,\nthan to yelde hymselfe in suche trouble.\nque  de  soy   rendre  en telle berelle.\nPronownes devyded by the sixe articles of declynation, both synguler and\nplurell nombre. And these that ende in _a_, as _ma, ta, sa, la,_ ben all\nfeminyn. And all those that dothe ende in _on_, and in _e_, as _mon,\nton, son; me, te, se, le,_ ben all masculyne. And _mien, tien, sien,_\nsynguler nombre and masculyn, _miens, tiens, siens; mes, tes, ses,_\nplurell nombre and masculyn. _Mienne, tienne, sienne, singuler; miennes,\ntiennes, siennes,_ plurell nombre and feminyn. But there ben certayne\nnames of the femynyn, whiche do requyre the pronownes masculyns that\nmust be excepted, as _mon ame, mon hotesse,_ and suche lyke: where both\n_ame_ and _hotesse_ ben femynyn gender, and _mon_ he (she) masculyn. And\n_me, te, se,_ ben indifferent, as in these wordes: _il, (elle) sayth to\nme, he (she) saith to the, he (she) saith to him; me dit, il (elle) te\ndit, il (elle) se dit;_ where _me, te, se,_ serve\nPage 924\nbothe for the masculyn and femynin. I, of me, to me, at me, o me, _Je,\nde moy, a moy, a me, a moy, o moy_, for me, to me, of me. _pour moy, a\nmoy, de moy._ our, we, ours; of ours, to us, by Plurell, _nos, nous,\nnostres; les nostres, a nous, par_ our. for Thou, of the, to the; by\nthe: o thou, _nos. O nous, o nos, pour nous. Tu, de toy, a toy; par te,\npar toy: o tu, o toy:_ by the. your, you, of yours; to you, by your, o\nye: by you. He _par toy._ Plurell, _vos, vous, des vostres; a vous, par\nvos, o vous: pour vous. Il_ she, he, him; that same the same, that same,\nthat or this. They, they, _elle; cil, luy; celuy, celle, icelle,\nicelluy, cestuy, ceste. Ilz, ceulx, elles_, them, those. What, howe,\nwhich, the which, of whom, to have. _celles, icelles, eulz, iceulz. Que,\nqui, quel, lequel, laquelle, de qui, a cui,_ by whom, the whiche. My,\nmyne: to my, of my, myne: for _par quel, quelz, laquelle, lesquelles.\nMon, mien: a mon, de mon, mien: pour_ me, for my: for myne: o my, o\nmyne, for me, for _me, pour mon: pour le mien, par le mien: o mon, o my,\no mien: pour me, pour_ myne, for Plurell nombre, Thy, my, his: thy, my,\nhis: _mien, pour mon. Mes, miens, mienne, miennes, Ta, ma, sa: tes, mes,\nses:_ thyne, myne, his: _tiens, miens, siens: miennes, tiennes,\nsiennes._\nExample for the femynin:\n_Ma mere, ma seur, ma maistresse, ma cousine:_\n_Ta mere, ta seur, ta maistresse, ta cousine:_\n_Sa mere, sa seur, sa maistresse, sa cousine:_\n_La mere, la seur, la maistresse, la cousine._\nExample howe the pronowne masculyne shal be applyed as\n_Mon pere, mon frere, mon maistre, mon cousin:_\n_Ton pere, ton frere, ton maistre, ton cousin:_\n_Son pere, son frere, son maistre, son cousin:_\n_Le pere, le frere, le maistre, le cousin_,\nand _mes, tes, ses, les_, for bothe plurell.\nAlso there be two pronownes, that ben pronounced in french by\nsyncopation, the same and that same: for the femynine: as _cestuy cy_ et\n_cestuy la: ceste cy_ et _ceste la:_ where ye shall take but the last\nsyllable of them, sayeng _stuicy, stuyla: stecy, stela._\n          PREPOSITIONS.\nNyghe, nyghe: towarde, towarde: for,  by, up, downe, above,    under\nPres, joucte: enuers,  deuers: pour, par, sus, jus,  dessus, dessoubz:\nPage 925\nafore, before, agaynst,           with, to, to the, of the, of,\nat this syde, beyonde.\nauant, deuant, contre, en contre: auec, a,   au,     du,    de,\nde\u00e7a, dela.\nCONJUNCTIONS.\nIf, if, and,\nSy, se, et, etc.\nHere foloweth the adverbes, and howe ye shall turn, and forme an adverbe\nfrom englisshe into frenche, and specially those that signifye\nqualities, takyng this syllable _ly_ from them, and addyng _ment_ for\nit, as in these wordes folowynge:\npropre       }\nparfaite     }\nhoneste      }\nhabondant    }\ncordial      }\nprompte      }\nincessante   }\ninstante     }\ncommune      } ly\nsignant      }\ncompetente   }\nreuerente    }\ndecente      }\ncouarde      }\ncondicional  }\ncompendieuse }\nOTHER ADVERBES\nIN GENERALL.\nthis day\nhuy\nall this day\nmeshuy\nin this day\nau jourdhuy\nyester day\nhi\u00e9r\nbefore yester day\nauant hi\u00e9r\nthe tother day\nlautre hi\u00e9r\nto morowe\ndemain\nthe day after\nlendemain\nafter to morowe\nappres demain\nfrom hens forth\ndesormais\nones agayne\nderechief\nfrom hens forth\ndicy en auant\nfrom hens forwarde\nde la en auant\nthis yere\nouan\nal this yere\nmesouan\nnot long a gone\nnagaires\nbut lytel agone\ndepuis nagare\nsith   { lytel\ndepuis { pou\nof tyme\nde temps\nanone\ntost\nanone or sone\ntantost\nincontynent\nincontinent\nby and by\ncy pris cy mis\nnowe\nmaintenant\nnow  { here\nore  { ca\n     { there\nPage 926\nyere while\norains\nnowe\nades\nat this tyme\na ceste heure\nsomtyme\njadis\ntyme paste\ntemps fust\nthan\nlors\nfrom than\ndes lors\nat that tyme\nalors\nfor that tyme\npour lors\nfor all that\ntoutesfois\nalwayes\ntoutteuoies\nmany tymes\nmaintefois\noftentymes\nsouuentefois\nat somtyme\na la fois\nmany tymes\npluisieurs fois\nbetyme\nparfois\nsomtyme\naulcunnefois\nin the meane tyme\nendementiers\nduryng the tyme\nentandis\nwhyle it was\ntandis\nalwayes\ntoudis\never\ntousjours\nnever\njamais\nfor ever\na jamais\nnever syns\noncques puis\nnever more\noncques mais\nthan\ndonques\nat that tyme\nadonques\nalredy\ndesja\nunto this\njusques cy\nunto that\njusques la\nmoche\nmoult\nright or most\ntres\nin maner\nde maniere\nin so moche\nen tant\nin the meane whyle\nentretant\nduryng that tyme\nce pendant\nof maner\nde sorte\nin maner\nen sorte\nin a facyon\nen fachon\nof facyon\nde fachon\nin suche wyse\ntellement\nas it was\nquellement\nalmost\nquasy\nnatwithstandyng\nnonobstant\nwithstandyng\nobstant\nnatwithstandyng\nnon pourtant\nnat neverthelesse\nnon pourquant\nneverthelesse\nneant mains\nhowbeit\ncombien\nall beit\nja soit\nas\ncomme\nhowe, and howe moche\ncomment\nwhat\nquoy\nto what\na quoy\nof what\nde quoy\nin what\nen quoy\nPage 927\nfor what\npour quoy\nupon what\nsur quoy\nas what\ncome quoy\nselfely\nmesmement\nfarre\nloing\na longe whyle\nlonguement\nmore late\nplus tard\nto soone or tymely\ntrop tempre\nADVERBES OF SWERYNG.\ni, so\nouy, sy\nno, nay\nnon, nenny\nin earnes\na certes\nfor earnes\npour certes\nof earnes\nde certes\nin certayne\na certain\nfor certayne\npour certain\nof certayne\nde certain\ncertaynly\ncertainement\nin trewth\nen uerit\u00e9\nin sothe\nen uray\nfor truthe\npour uerit\u00e9\nfor sothe\npour uray\nof truthe\nde uerit\u00e9\nof sothe\nde uray\ntrewly\nurayment\nveritably\nveritablement\nin my God\nen mon Dieu\nin good lucke\nen bon omen\nby the faith of\npar la foy de\nfayre women\nbelles femmes\nI you assure\nje vous asseure\nI promyse you\nje vous promectz\nI certifye you\nje vous certifie\nwithout any faute\nsans faulte\nin my trewth\nen ma uerit\u00e9\nin my loyaltie\nen ma loyault\u00e9\nin my worthynesse\nen ma prudommie\nby my holynesse\npar ma sainctet\u00e9\ntrewe man\npreudhomme\ntrewe woman\npreude femme\nyare so\naincois ainsy\notherwyse\naultrement\nalso\naussy\nquickely\nuitement\ngoodly\nbonnement\nbetyme\ntempre\ntymely\ntemprement\nearly\nmatin\nat the prick of day\nau point du jour\nthe dawing of the day\na laube du jour\nat the dayeng\na lajourner\nat the cockes crowynge\nau chant du coc\nat pryme\na prime\nat thirde hour\na heure de tierce\nat noone\na none\nat mydde day\na mydy\nat evynsong\na vespre\nPage 928\nat evenyng\nau soir\nbetwene lyght and dark\nentre chien et loup\nat the sonne settynge\na soleil couchant\nat the nyght\na la nuyt\nat mydnyght\na mie nuyt\nat the day\nau jour\nADVERBES OF NOMBRES, WITH THEIR DIRIVATYVES, WHERE THE LONGEST\n    OF TWO BEYNG LYKE IS FOR THE FEMYNYNE, AND THE TOTHER\n        MASCULYNE: AND BOTHE OF ONE SIGNIFYCATION.\nUNG  I\nfyrst,   fyrst,\nemprent, premier\n fyrstly,      one\npremierment, ung, une\nunie, unicque, uniement, uny,\nunion, unie, uniement, unite,\nof one voyce, of variable signification.\n uniuocque,           equiuocque.\nonely         all onely\nseul, seulle, seulement, seullet,\n           solytary.\nseullette, solitaire.\nDEUX II\nseconde,   seconde,\ndeusi\u00e9sme: second, seconde,\ndouble, doubled,\ndouble, doubl\u00e9, doubl\u00e9e,\n        doublenesse,\ndualit\u00e9, duplicit\u00e9, doublement,\nsecondary,     parted in two.\nsecondement,     bipartit.\nTROIS III\nthyrde,         thirdly,\ntiers, tierce, tiercement,\nthe thirde,\ntroisi\u00e9me, trinit\u00e9,\n    all one,\nternil, triangle, triplicit\u00e9,\ntriple, terciane, tripartit.\nQUATRE  IIII\nfourth,  the fourth,\nquart, quarte, quatriesme,\nfourthly,\nquartement, quaternit\u00e9,\nthe fourth parte, square,\nquadril,          quarr\u00e9, quarr\u00e9e,\nfoure cornarde,\nquadrangle,\nfoure double, a crosse way,\nquadruple,     quarefour,\nthe quartayne, forthy,\nquartaine,   quarantaine,\nforthy or lent, lent.\nquadragesime, quaresme.\nCINCQ V\nfyfth,        fyfthly,\nquint, quinte, quintement,\nthe fyfth,   of fyve,\ncinquiesme, quintuplice,\npentecost, whit sonday.\ncinquesme.\nPage 929\nSIX    VI\nthe sixte     sixtely\nsixt, sixte, sixtement,\nof sixe, sixe cornarde\nsextil, sextangle, sisi\u00e9me, sexagesime.\nSEPT    VII\nthe seventh   seventhly,\nseptiesme,  septiesmement,\nones sevyn, in sevyn\nseptaine,  septuplice,\nsevyn corners.\nseptangle, septuagesime.\nHUIT    VIII\n          the eight\nhuitaine, huiti\u00e9sme\nhuiti\u00e9smement\nNEUF    IX\nthe nynth    nyne\nneuui\u00e9sme, neuuayne,\nnynthly\nneuui\u00e9smement\nDIX    X\ntenne\ndix, disi\u00e9sme,\nis he that hath charge of x men.\ndesinier,   disayne.\nONSE    XI\ntheleventh\nonsi\u00e9me  onsaine.\nDOUSE    XII\ntwelfthly\ndousi\u00e9me, dousaine.\nTRAISE    XIII\nthe thirtenth\ntraisi\u00e9me.\nQUATORSE    XIIII\nthe fourtenth\nquatorsi\u00e9me\nQUINSE    XV\nthe fyftenth\nquinsi\u00e9me.\nSAISE    XVI\nthe sixtenth\nsaisi\u00e9me\nDIX SEPT    XVII\nthe sevententh\ndix septi\u00e9sme\nDIX HUIT    XVIII\nthe eightenth\ndishuiti\u00e9sme.\nDISNEUF    XIX\nthe nyntenth\ndisneufi\u00e9sme\nVINGT    XX\ntwenty  the twenteth\nvintaine, vingti\u00e9me\nTRENTE    XXX\nthe thirteth, thirtie\ntrentiesme, trentaine\nQUARANTE    XL\nthe fourteth\nquaranti\u00e9sme\nCINQUANTE    L\nacompte of fyftie  the fyfteth\ncincquantaine,  cincquanti\u00e9sme.\nPage 930\nSOISSANTE    LX\nthe sixteth     threscore.\nsoissantieme,  soisantaine.\nSEPTANTE    LXX\nthe sevynteth\nseptanti\u00e9sme\nOCTANTE    LXXX\nthe eighteth\noctanti\u00e9sme\nNONANTE    XC\nthe nynteth\nnonanti\u00e9sme\nCENT    C\nhundreth,  the hundreth,\ncentaine,  centi\u00e9sme,\nthe hundredeth, lykewyse\ncenteni\u00e9r, centurion.\nDEUX CENS    CC\nTROIS CENS    CCC\nQUATRE CENTZ    CCCC\nCINQ CENTZ    V. C.\nSIX CENTZ    VI. C.\nSEPT CENTZ    VII. C.\nHUIT CENTZ    VIII. C.\nNEUF CENTZ    IX. C.\nMIL.    A THOUSANDE\nDIX MILE    X. M.\nCENT MILE    C. M.\nUNG MILION    M. M.\nFORMATYON OF THE INDICATYVE PRESENT TENSE.\nHere after foloweth the maner, howe one shall make and fourme the\npresent of the indicatyve or shewyng mode, of the verbes folowyng.\nThe maner to fourme the present of the verbes infynityve mode, here\nafter folowynge, is: that all those that ende in _er_, puttyng the _r_\naway, and makyng the _e_ a consonant, ye shall have the present of the\nindicatyve, as in these wordes: _parler, appeller, appaiser, appuier_,\netc.; puttyng _r_ away, ye have: _parle, appelle, appaise; appuie:_\nsayeng, _japelle, tu appelle, il appelle, nous appellons, vous appelles,\nilz appellent._ Ye shall neverthelesse except some verbes defectyves, as\n_aller_ that do make, _je voy, tu vas_, in the present, and such lyke.\nAlso all suche as have _d_ in the last syllable, ye shall leave all the\nletters commynge after the _d_, and shall adde _s_, or _z_ to it: ye\nshall have the plurell nombre of them, as in those wordes _tordre,\nmordre, prendre, attaindre, auaindre_, and such lyke, puttynge _s_ or\n_z_ to the _d:_ ye shall have _tordz, mordz, prendz, attainz, auaindz:_\nhowbeit that ye shall nat sounde the sayde _d_, accordynge to the sixte\nrule in the begynnyng of this worke.\nAlso all those that doth ende in _ir_, as _tenir, uenir_, with all them\nthat be dirivate of them: as _contenir, maintenir, soubstenir, preuenir,\nreuenir, paruenir, deuenir_, and such lyke, must be all ended in _iens_,\nas _tiens, viens, contiens,_\nPage 931\n_maintiens, soubstiens, preuiens, reuiens, paruiens, deuiens._ Sayeng:\n_je tiens, tu tiens, il tient, nous tenons, vous tenes, ilz tienent._\nThere is another sorte endyng in _ir_, as _conuertir, assoupir,\nappourir, attendrir, benir, bannir_, etc. the whiche chaungynge the _r_\nin _s_, ye have _conuertis, assoupis, appouris, benis, bannis;_ sayeng:\n_je bannis, tu bannis, il bannist, nous bannissons, vous bannisses, ilz\nbannissent;_ and lykewyse of the tothers. Also there must be many\nexcept, as _consentir, assentir, mourir, querir, dormir,_ whiche do make\ntheir present: _je consens, je assens, je meurs, je quiers, je dors, tu\ndors, il dort, nous dormons, vous dormes, ilz dorment._\nAlso there is two other that doth ende in oir, the tone hath an _a_, in\nthe penultyme syllable, as _auoir_ and _scauoir;_ whiche do make _ay_\nand _scay_ in the present. The tother maner hath lyke termynation\nwithout an _a_, as _apperceuoir, deuoir, pouruoir, concepuoir,\ndecepuoir,_ whiche do make their present, _japercoy, je doy, je pouruoy,\nje concoy, je decoy;_ how be it _ualloir_ and _uolloir_ must be except\nwhich do make in the present _je vaulz_, and _voulloir, je veulz, tu\nueulz, il ueult, nous uoulons, uous uoules, ilz ueulent._\nAlso there is another sorte endynge in _e_, in the infinitive, as\nwhich make in their present,  _dis,  ris,  lis,   fris;_\nsayeng, _je lis, tu lis, il list, nous lisons, vous lises, ilz lisent._\nAlso there ben others endyng in _ore_, as _clore_, shitte, with all his\ncompost, that is to saye, _disclore_, unshitte, _forclore_, shitte out,\netc. whiche do make in their present, _clos, declos, forclos,_ etc. and\nfor cause that rules ben infinites, and that they ben more necessary for\nthe teacher than for the lernar, I suppose that those above sayd ben\nsufficyent for the indicative present.\nIt is to be noted that in the frenche tongue is but two cojugacions: the\nfirst shal be discerned and knowen by the first persone plurel nombre of\nthe present in the shewynge moode, for where the sayd fyrst persone hath\nno _s_ in the seconde sillable before his termination or ende, than it\nis of the\nwe love, we have, we bette, we gyve, first, as in these verbes, _aymons,\nauons, batons, donons,_ with such lyke; and where there is an _s_\nbegynning the last syllable of the forsayd fyrst persone, than it is of\nthe second, as in these verbes, _baisons, taisons, brisons, faisons,\ndisons, lisons, pensons,_ etc.\nPage 932\nYe shal note lykewyse that in the indicative mode ye have for the moste\nparte, foure preterites, that is to say, the imperfect, parfect and\nindiffinitive with the plusperfect, whiche ben communely founde in all\nverbes save in them that ben defectives, as it apereth by this verbe,\nwherfore the preterit imperfyte is:\nthe perfect,\nthe indiffynitive,\nthe plusperfect,\nNevertheles for the most part there is no difference in englysshe\nbetwene the perf. and imperf. that is to say, betwene _I dyd say_, and\n_I sayd:_ but bycause it is otherwise in french, I must use the said\ndifference.\nOF THE FORMATION OF THE PRETERIT IMPARFYTE.\nYe shall forme the preterit imperf. in all verbes of both conjugations\nby the fyrst person plurell nombre, turnyng this syllable _ons_, whiche\nis in every verbe, in _oie_ for the fyrst conjugation: and _sons_ in\n_soie_, in the second, soundynge _s_, lyke a _z_, as _zons, zoie._\nExample for the fyrst conjugation as in this verbe _aymons_, whiche is\nthe fyrst person plurell nombre of _jaime_, chaungyng this syllable\n_ons_ in _oie_, ye have _aimoie;_ of _auons_, ye have _auoie;_ of\n_donnons, donnoie_.\nExample for the seconde conjugation, as in these worde: _baisons_,\nturnynge the last syllable, whiche is _sons_ in _soie_, ye have of\n_brisons, brisoie;_ of _faisons_, _faisoie;_ of _disons, disoie;_ and\nthe seconde persone shall termyne in _ois_, the thirde in _oit;_ the\nfyrst plurell nombre in _ions_ for the fyrst, and _sons_ for the\nseconde, as it shall appere clerely in the conjugations herafter\nfolowing, and this rule is infallyble for all preterites imparfyte.\nOF THE PRETERIT PARFYTE.\nThe preterit parfyte, as well of the fyrst as of the seconde conjugation\nhath dyvers termynations, but there is four speciall, that is to say in\n_us_, in _is_, in _ins_ and in _ay_.\nExample of  _us:_ as _je bus, je fus, je leus, je congneus,_ etc.\n        of  _is:_ as _je escripuis, je deis, je mis, je feis._\n        of _ins:_ as _je tins, je prins, je uins, japrins._\n        of  _ay:_ as _jaimay, je donnay, je baisay, je prisay,\nPage 933\nAnd so the verbe that ende in _us_ shalbe, _je bus, tu bus, il but, nous\nbumes, vous butes, ilz burent._\nExample of _is:_ as _je feis, tu feis, il feist, nous fismes,\n                    vous feistes, ilz firent._\n        of _ins:_ as _je uins, tu uins, il uint, nous uimmes,\n                     uous uintes, ilz uindrent._\n        of _ay:_ as _je donnay, tu donnas, il donna, nous donnasmes,\n                     vous donnastes, ilz donnerent._\nTHE PRETERIT INDIFFYNITYVE.\nYe shall ever fourme the preterit indiffynityve with the thre persons,\nboth singuler and plurell nombres of this verbe (have) in the present\ntensis, saying, _jay aym\u00e9_, I have loved; _tu as aym\u00e9_, thou hast loved;\n_il a aym\u00e9, nous auons, uous aues, ilz ont aym\u00e9;_ and likewise of all\nother verbes with the sayd have, as _jay dit, jay bu, jay lu, jay fait._\nOF THE FORMATION OF THE PRETER PLUS PARFYTE.\nThe preterit most parfect is ever formed with the preterit imperfyte of\nthe foresayd verbe (have) as the indiffynityve is with the presente,\nsayeng I have done, thou haddest done, that is to say, _jauoie dit,\njauoie aym\u00e9, jauoie bus, jauoie requis;_ and so thorowe the thre\npersons, never chaungynge the terminacion of the verbe, as _jauoie dit,\ntu auois dit, il auoit dit, nous auions dit, uous auies dit, ilz auoient\ndit;_ and so of all other lyke.\nTHE FUTUR OF THE INDICATYVE.\nYe shall understande that all maner verbes in generall ben termyned in\ntheir thre persons synguler and plurell nombres after this wayes: _ray,\nras, ra: rons, res, ront_, so that ye shall take the verbe in the\npresent, and put the _s_ away at the later ende, if it be of the seconde\nor the fyrst conjugacion, and adde therto the foresayd terminacyon: as\nin this worde _dis_, I saye; ye shall take awaye _s_ and adde _ray_,\nsayeng _diray, diras, dira, dirons, dires, diront. Jaimeray, tu aymeras,\nil aymera, nous aymerons, uous aymeres, ilz aymeront_. There be some\nverbes must have more addicion, as _dors_, I slepe, whiche must have\n_mi_, added unto it, sayeng, _dormiray_, and _boy, drinke,_ which\nsygnify I drinke; ye shal nat say _boiray_, but _buueray_, I shall\ndrinke; and so of some other, as _doy_, ought; and _metre_, I put. How\nbe it they be all termined with the above sayd termination.\nPage 934\nOF THE IMPERATIVE, WHICHE SIGNIFYETH COMMAUNDYNG.\nThe imperative for the most parte is ever lyke the verbe present tensis\nof the indicatyve moode, leavyng the fyrst persone and puttyng the\npronowne after the verbe, for it differs nat: save in the thyrde persone\nsynguler, and plurell nombre of some verbes, as _jay_, whiche doth make\nin the thirde person synguler, _il a_; and the thirde persone of the\nimperatyve is _quil ayt_, or _ayt cil_, ou _celuy_; and lykewyse of\n_scay_. But of the moste parte of others, it is lyke the present,\nleavyng the fyrst persone, whiche is nat in the imperatyve synguler\nnombre, as in this verbe _jaime_, _tu aime_, _il aime_, _nous aimons_,\n_uous aimes_, _ilz aiment_; which his present is that is a lyke in the\nimperatyve, leavynge the fyrst persone, sayeng _aime tu_, _aime cil_,\n_aimons nous_, _aimes uous_, _quilz aiment_; puttyng ever the pronowne\nafter the verbe.\nThe sayde imperatyve hath two futures, the tone affyrmatyve, and the\ntother negatyve, whiche have evermore these frenche wordes going before\nevery person: _faitz_, _garde_, _voy_,\n                     Se that thou speke;  loke that he move nat;\nas in this example:  _Voy que tu parle_; _garde quil ne se meuue_;\n_prenons garde que nous ne mouuons_, _que vous ne mouues_; _prenez garde\nquilz ne se meuuent_; and lykewise of the affyrmative, leavyng this\nworde _ne_.\nTHE OPTATYVE.\nAfter the olde grammer was wonte to be all one with his preterit imperf.\nbut we shall make hym different from hym, puttyng before the verbe this\nworde _oh_, or _je vous prie_, sayeng, _oh que je boiue_, _je te prie\nque tu boiue_, etc.\nThe sayd optatyve hath thre preterites, that is to say, imperf.,\nparfyte, and plusperf., puttynge alwayes _a ma uoullente_, or _plust a\nDieu_ before the verbe. The preterit imperf. is moost termyned in _usse,\ninse_, and in _asse_, whiche may serve lykewyse for the present, as in\nthese verbes: _Pleust \u00e0 Dieu que jaimasse_; _a ma uoullente que tu me\ncongneusse_; _pleust a Dieu que tu prinsses courage_. The parfyte is\nmoche lyke the preterit indiffynityve of the indicatyve, as a _ma\nuoullente que jaie aim\u00e9_. The plus perfyt hath ever this verbe _jeusse_\n(I had) before hym, as _jeusse aim\u00e9_, _jeusse dit_, etc. His presente\ndoth serve for his future, addyng either _tantost_ or _demain_, sayeng\n_pleust a Dieu que je uoise demain auec uous; a ma uoullente que\ndeuiegne bon, a ma uoullente quil soit tantost corrige_.\nPage 935\nTHE SUBJUNCTIVE OR CONJUNCTIVE.\nThe conjunctive is lyke the optative in his present and preterittes,\nsave that we say in stede of _pleust a Dieu, a ma uoullente; sy, come,\nquant,_ or _ueu_, sayeng for the present, _sy je fuisse maintenant,\ncomme jay congneu, quant jeusse sentu._\nThe sayd conjunctyve hath two futures, the tone hath alwayes this worde\n_mais_, goyng before the verbe, as _mais que je soie joieulz_, etc.\nThe tother is borowed of the potenciall mode, and hath for his\ntermynation, _roy, rois, roit: rions, ries, roient_, as _jaimeroie, tu\naimerois, il aimeroit, nous aimerions, uous aimeries, ilz aimeroient;_\nand likewyse of all others. The termination of the infinityve shall\nappere in the verbes here after folowyng, wherfore in eschewyng\nprolixite, I will no further speke of it. The preterit must ever have\nthis verbe infynityve moode: _auoir_, before hym, as _auoir parl\u00e9, auoir\ndit, auoir mordz_, etc.\nThe gerundyve is formed of the infinityve, and of the participle present\ntensis, as _de parler, pour conferer, en communicant_, etc. The\noverthrowen or supins which ben called _reuerses_, ye shall ever put the\npreterit parfit or the second futur of the conjunctive before him,\nsayeng: _je te uoulsisse_, or _je te uouldroye bien aim\u00e9 de Dieu_, etc.\nA RULE FOR TO MAKE PARTICIPLES, ADVERBES AND NOWNES OF THE VERBES\nFOLOWYNGE.\nAll maner verbes infinitive mode endyng in _er_, takyng the _r_ away, ye\nhave the preterit masculin, and addyng an _e_ to the _\u00e9_ that remaine,\nye have the participle feminin of the preterit tensis, as in this verbe\n_enseigner_, take away the _r_, ye have _enseign\u00e9_, which is masculin,\nand addyng another _e_ to it, ye have _enseign\u00e9e_, which is the preterit\nfeminin, soundyng the first _e_ as a uowel, and if ye adde _ment_ to it,\nye shal have _enseignement_, which is an adverbe, and puttyng both _es_\naway, and addyng _ant_, ye have the participle present, whiche is\n_enseignant_, and this rule is generall for the termination.\nAlso all verbes endyng in _ir_, as _uenir_, and such as come of him must\nal change _ir _in _u_ for the preterit masculyn, and addyng an _e _to\nthe sayd _u_ for the feminin. Exemple for the masculin, if ye take _ir_\naway from _uenir, tenir, souuenir, soubstenir, maintenir_, and adde _u_\nfor it, ye shall have, _uenu, tenu, souuenu, maintenu_, and addyng an\n_e_ to it, ye shall have the feminin, whiche\nPage 936\nbe, _uenue, tenue, souuenue, maintenue_, etc. and if ye put away the\nsayd _u_ and _e_, and put _ant_ for it, ye shall have the participle\npresent tensis, as _uenant, tenant, souuenant, maintenant_. There ben\nother verbes ending in _ir_, whiche must chaunge the _r_ in _e_ for the\nfeminin, and without the _e_ for the masculin, as _benir_, take away the\n_r_, ye have _beny_, which is preterit masculin, and adde an _e_ to it,\nye have _benie_, whiche is the feminin, and lykewyse of _bannir, banni,\nbannie; rauy, rauie_, and adding _ssant_ to the masculin, ye have\n_banissant, benissant, rauissant. Mourir_ and _querir_ must be excepted:\nfor _mourir_ hath _mort_ for his masculyn, and _morte_ for the femynyn,\nand _querir, quis_ and _quise; mourant_ and _querant_ for the participle\npresent tense.\nAlso those wherof the infynityve termyne or ende in _tre_, or in _dre_,\nthe _e_ beyng a consonant, as _batre, abatre, combatre, rabatre,\ndebatre: pendre, fendre, deffendre, tendre, rendre, uendre_, must all\nchaunge _re_ in _u_ for the masculyn, sayeng _batu, abatu, combatu,\npendu, fendu, deffendu, uendu, tondu_, addyng an _e_ to it for the\nfemynyn, sayeng _batue, uendue, fendue, tondue_; ye must except\n_prendre_ with all his dirivatives, and make _pris, prise; repris,\nreprise; compris, comprise; mespris, mesprise_. There ben other that\nende in _e_, as _mectre_, with all that of hym ben diryvate; whiche must\nfolowe the sayd rule, as _permis, permise; mis, mise; demis, demise;\ncommis, commise; promis, promise; remis, remise; compris_, etc. and\nbycause they be noted for the most parte among the Catalogue of verbes,\nand howe ye shall fourme lykewyse both nownes and adverbes: and also\nthat it is harde for to fynde a rule generall and infallyble, I do here\ntermyne the sayde rules.\nHERE AFTER FOLOWETH SOME VERBES AFTER THE LETTERS OF THE _A, B, C_.\nA.\nto cast downe\nabattre\nto barke\nabaier\nto stoupe\nabaisser\nto araye\nabiller\nto bourde\naborder\nto water\nabruuer\nto make a fole or beest\nabestir\nto abuse\nabuser\nto leane the backe\nadosser\nto distroy\nabolir\nto make swete\nadoulcir\nto dresse or to order\naddouber\nto warne\naduertir\nto touche\nadeser\nto auowe\naduouer\nto wyne or to adde\nadjouter\nto swere\nadjurer\nPage 937\nto go out of the way\nadirer\nto clyppe\naccoller\nto pacifye\naccoyser\nto tryme a woman\nachesmer\nto agre\naccorder\nto aquent\naccoynter\nto gader\naccumuler\nto bow downe, croked\naccroper\nto accepte\naccepter\nto bye\nacheter\nto harken\naccoupter\nto certyfye\nacertener\nto cache with a hoke\nacrocher\nto directe\nadrecer\nto mynister\nadministrer\nto ordre at pleasure\naffaitter\nto make one lame\naffoller\nto make sharpe\naffiler\nto put on a mantel\naffubler\nto make fast\naffycher\nto make feble\naffoyblir\nto make fre\naffranchir\nto dresse\nagencer\nto tache with a hoke\naggrapper\nto make more greuous\naggrauer\nto tache\naggripper\nto knele\nagenouller\nto flatter\nalechier\nto cherysshe\naloser\nto gader\namasser\nto wrappe\namallotter\nto tye\namarer\nto wake\nambuler\nto leade\namener\nto mende\namender\nto love\naimer\nto make lesse\namaindrir\nto make softe\namollir\nto make leane\namesgrir\nto make smale\namenuser\nto heape\namonceler\nto drye\nadurer\nto arnat or prepare\naourner\nto gyve sucke\nallaiter\nto kyndel\nalumer\nto alter\nalterer\nto waste\nanuller\nto anounce\nanoncer\nto appere\napparoistre\nto pacify\napaiser\nto aparel\nappareiller\nto call\nappeller\nto perceyve\napercepuoir\nto make redy\naprester\nto learne\naprendre\nto flatre with myrth\naploudir\nto aproche\naprocher\nPage 938\nto waxe poore\napourir\nto tame\napriuoiser\nto appoint\napointer\nto leane upon\nappuier\nto go before\nanticiper\nto make propre\naproprier\nto assemble\nassembler\nto assigne\nassigner\nto assure\nasseurer\nto kyl with a clubbe\nassommer\nto fulfyl\nassouuir\nto make one bownde\nasseruir\nto assople\nassouldre\nto make sadde\nassoupir\nto invade\nassailir\nto consent\nassentir\nto flatter\nassotir\nto make to swere\nassermenter\nto make subget\nassubgetter\nto resemble\nassimuller\nto fall in company\nassocier\nto helpe\nassister\nto reste a man\narester\nto enquere one\naraisonner\nto come or to lande\narriuer\nto ronde or go about\narondir\nto water or sparcle water\narrouser\nto fal in the company\narouter\nto tye\natacher\nto tary or abyde\nattendre\nto dresse\natourner\nto catche subtelly\nattraper\nto hitte or ouertake\nattaindre\nto reche\nauaindre\nto take hede\nauiser\nto go about\nauironner\nto auance\nauancer\nto have\nauoir\nto gyve auctorite\nauctoriser\nto somen\nadjourner\nto dawne\najourner\nto jeopard\naduenturer\nto swalow or go downe\naualler\nB\nto bete\nbattre\nto buylde\nbaatir\nto cast butter upon rost\nbastir\nto banysshe\nbannir\nto bast the roste\nbass\u00e9r\nto stoupe\nbaiss\u00e9r\nto kysse\nbais\u00e9r\nto mocke\nbau\u00e9r\nto barre a dore\nbarr\u00e9r\nto barter\nbaret\u00e9r\nto gape\nbeer\nto gape\nll. basllier\nto blote\nll. barbouller\nPage 939\nto bable lyke a duck\nbarbott\u00e9r\nto plee the fole\nbaguenauder\nto beate at ars\nbacculer\nto shake a sworde\nbrandir\nto brew\nbrass\u00e9r\nto bragge\nbragu\u00e9r\nto stutte\nbeggu\u00e9r\nto ete lyke a gote\nbrout\u00e9r\nto brawle or to wage\nbransler\nto rocke the cradel\nberch\u00e9r\nto hunt beres\nbers\u00e9r\nto blysse\nbenir\nto begge\nbelistr\u00e9r\nto bourde or jape\nbourd\u00e9r\nto bathe\nbaign\u00e9r\nto put\nboutt\u00e9r\nto crye or wepe\nbraire\nto breke\nbriser\nto speke fayre\nblandir\nto juste\nbehourd\u00e9r\nto bargayne\nbarguign\u00e9r\nto blame\nblasmer\nto swere\nblasphem\u00e9r\nto yexe\nll. balli\u00e9r\nto bable\nll. babill\u00e9r\nto swepe\nbali\u00e9r\nto stut\nbalbut\u00e9r\nto lyspe\nbesgu\u00e9r\nto shave\nbarbi\u00e9r\nto blasonne\nblassonn\u00e9r\nto drinke\nboire\nto eate gredely\nbriff\u00e9r\nto springe\nbourjon\u00e9r\nto budde\nbouttonn\u00e9r\nto set a broche\nbroch\u00e9r\nto bridel\nbrider\nto worke\nbesongn\u00e9r\nto blotte\nbroull\u00e9r\nto bribe\nbriber\nto hurte\nblesser\nto sethe or boyle\nboullonner\nto delve\nbescher\nto tourne away\nbestourner\nto dounse\nballoyer\nto cut busshes\nbuissoner\nto burne\nbrusler\nto stutte\nbrettonner\nto brunishe\nbrunir\nC\nto play at cardes\ncarder\nto trifle\ncabasser\nto hide\ncacer\nto breke\ncasser\nto hunte\nchasser\nto spit\ncracer\nto chope brede\nchapler\nto clatter\ncaqueter\nPage 940\nto rele\nchanceler\nto shake\ncanceler\nto tickel\ncatouller\nto danse\ncaroler\nto cloute showes\ncarler\nto charme\ncharmer\nto hewe\ncharpenter\nto carie\ncharier\nto put on hoses\nchausser\nto caffe or warme\nchauffer\nto charge\ncharger\nto do reverence\nchaproner\nto over charge\ncrauenter\nto cherisshe\ncherir\nto shyfte\ncheuir\nto geder\nceullier\nto certify\ncertifier\nto walke\ncheminer\nto somme\nciter\nto tame\ncicurer\nto take right away\nciffrer\nto cleyme\nclamer\nto shit\nclore\nto halte\nclocer\nto cover\ncouurir\nto guyde\nconduire\nto knowe\ncongnoistre\nto runne\ncourrir\nto counsell\nconsell\u00e9r\nto ronne togider\nconcourrir\nto correcte\ncorrig\u00e9r\nto speke togider\nconfer\u00e9r\nto situat\ncolloqu\u00e9r\nto stoupe\ncoytir\nto constrayne\ncoherc\u00e9r\nto reduce narowly\ncoart\u00e9r\nto confounde\nconfoundre\nto go about\ncostoi\u00e9r\nto compasse\ncompasser\nto nayle\nclou\u00e9r\nto contryve\ncontrouu\u00e9r\nto whelpe\nchienn\u00e9r\nto tourne to a purpose\nconuertir\nto reken\ncompt\u00e9r\nto comprehende\ncomprendre\nto strive\ncontendre\nto make\ncompos\u00e9r\nto compile\ncompil\u00e9r\nto discerne\nconcern\u00e9r\nto kepe\nconseru\u00e9r\nto comaunde\ncomand\u00e9r\nto fortyfe\ncorrobor\u00e9r\nto constrayne\ncontraindre\nto graunt\nconsentir\nto suffre\ncomport\u00e9r\nto forgyve\ncondonn\u00e9r\nto conceyve\nconcepuoir\nPage 941\nas liker throw a cloth\ncoul\u00e9r\nto corrumpe or corrupt\ncorompre\nto shrive\nconfess\u00e9r\nto deffende\ncohib\u00e9r\nto conforte\nconfort\u00e9r\nto ayde\nconsoler\nto be ydel\nconnu\u00e9r\nto be suerte\ncaucion\u00e9r\nto sowe\ncoudre\nto resyste\ncontrest\u00e9r\nto lye\ncouch\u00e9r\nto beshitte\nconchi\u00e9r\nto winke\nclign\u00e9r\nto drede\ncraindre\nto feare\ncrennir\nto burste\ncreu\u00e9r\nto farte or to burste\ncrepit\u00e9r\nto afferme\ncreanc\u00e9r\nto crye\ncri\u00e9r\nto bake\ncuire\nto smarte\ncuyre\nD\nto dampne\ndamn\u00e9r\nto danse\ndans\u00e9r\nto date\ndatt\u00e9r\nto cast a dart\ndarder\nto aske\ndemander\nto pay the costes\ndeffroi\u00e9r\nto disconfit\ndesconfire\nto defende\ndeffendre\nto unnayle\ndesclou\u00e9r\nto owe\ndebuior\nto debate\ndebatre\nto overcome\ndebell\u00e9r\nto juge\ndecid\u00e9r\nto begile\ndefraud\u00e9r\nto go out of the way\ndesuoi\u00e9r\nto denye\ndeni\u00e9r\nto spende\ndespendre\nto unhange\ndespendre\nto dye\ndeui\u00e9r\nto purpose\ndeliber\u00e9r\nto unbynde\ndesli\u00e9r\nto devore\ndeuor\u00e9r\nto take away\ndestitu\u00e9r\nto distrempe\ndestremp\u00e9r\nto disloge\ndeslog\u00e9r\nto deuine\ndeuin\u00e9r\nto bacbite\ndetract\u00e9r\nto deceyve\ndecepuoir\nto gyve sentence\ndetermin\u00e9r\nto discusse\ndesrain\u00e9r\nto distroy\ndesmollir\nto distourbe\ndestourber\nto untrusse\ndestrouss\u00e9r\nto deliver\ndeliur\u00e9r\nto unneste\ndeuis\u00e9r\nPage 942\nto prejudice\nderoguer\nto put of rementes\nll. despoull\u00e9r\nto disprayse\ndespris\u00e9r\nto devise\ndeuis\u00e9r\nto come downe\ndescendre\nto unfolde\ndesuelop\u00e9r\nto deprave\ndeprau\u00e9r\nto put downe\ndeprim\u00e9r\nto make fowle\ndeturp\u00e9r\nto unknowe\ndescognoistre\nto forsake\ndelaiss\u00e9r\nto devoure\ndeglub\u00e9r\nto sease\ndesist\u00e9r\nto robbe\ndesrob\u00e9r\nto go out of order\ndesregl\u00e9r\nto temper\ndestremp\u00e9r\nto unbridel\ndesbrid\u00e9r\nto discharge\ndescharg\u00e9r\nto discorde\ndescord\u00e9r\nto put downe\ndesmectre\nto denye sayeng\ndesdire\nto put out\ndebout\u00e9r\nto uncover\ndescouurir\nto take away lande\ndesterr\u00e9r\nto disenherite\ndesherit\u00e9r\nto breke faste\ndesun\u00e9r\nto distroy\ndestruire\nto dishonoure\ndeshonor\u00e9r\nto defyle\ndeflor\u00e9r\nto go from merite\ndesmerit\u00e9r\nto unpurvey\ndespourueoir\nto rele\ndesuid\u00e9r\nto discorage\ndescorag\u00e9r\nto put out of the place\ndesloqu\u00e9r\nto distroy the people\ndepopul\u00e9r\nto take awaye maydenhed\ndespucel\u00e9r\nto spoyle\ndespred\u00e9r\nto set forth and go back\ndesmarch\u00e9r\nto unbende a crosbowe\ndescoch\u00e9r\nto clatter out\ndescliqu\u00e9r\nto unhose\ndeschauss\u00e9r\nto spoyle\ndespouller\nto unbende\ndesbend\u00e9r\nto unlace\ndeslach\u00e9r\nto make myrth as byrdes\ndegoiger\nto deserve\ndeseruir\nto delate\ndelater\nto distroy\ndissiper\nto dispute\ndiscepter\nto dispence\ndispenser\nto say\ndire\nto have lordeshippe\ndominer\nto gyve\ndonn\u00e9r\nto slepe\ndormir\nto tame\ndompt\u00e9r\nto display\ndespli\u00e9r\nto unarme\ndesarm\u00e9r\nPage 943\nE\nto sporte\nesbatre\nto bashe\nesbahir\nto be bawlde\nesbaudir\nto blusshe\nesblouir\nto here or harken\nescout\u00e9r\nto set upon the spit\nembroch\u00e9r\nto teche\nendoctrin\u00e9r\nto kepe skowte wache\neschauguet\u00e9r\nto scarche\nesgratign\u00e9r\nto make softe\nemollir\nto wexe harde\nendurcir\nto wrappe\nenfardeler\nto folde up\nenueloper\nto put in the ovyn\nenfourner\nto esteme\nesm\u00e9r\nto cromme\nesmi\u00e9r\nto spare\nespargn\u00e9r\nto sparcle\nespardre\nto sparcle about\nesparpilli\u00e9r\nto enforce\nenforc\u00e9r\nto hunt away\nenchass\u00e9r\nto lyghten\nesclarcir\nto hyde away\nescons\u00e9r\nto eschewe\nescheoir\nto shake of\nexcut\u00e9r\nto bringe to passe\nexecut\u00e9r\nto be delivered of a childe\nenfant\u00e9r\nto breke\nenfraindre\nto sinke\nenfondr\u00e9r\nto sinke\nenfons\u00e9r\nto set togider narowly\nenferrer\nto go out of the way\nescart\u00e9r\nto put or blot out\neffacer\nto go out of the way\negar\u00e9r\nto waxe great\nengrossir\nto move\nesmouuoir\nto clyppe\nenbrac\u00e9r\nto lyght\nescler\u00e9r\nto scape\neschapp\u00e9r\nto skyrmysshe\nescarmuch\u00e9r\nto quarter\nescartel\u00e9r\nto mocke\nescharmir\nto make afrayde\nespouent\u00e9r\nto be marveyled\nesmerueill\u00e9r\nto gete corage\nesuertu\u00e9r\nto prove\nesprouu\u00e9r\nto spurre\nesperonn\u00e9r\nto understande\nentendre\nto cancre\nll. enrouill\u00e9r\nto waxe madde\nenrag\u00e9r\nto waxe riche\nenrichir\nto breake\nentamer\nto put in prison\nemprisonn\u00e9r\nto grynde\nesmouldre\nto stoupe\nestoup\u00e9r\nto sette at large\neslargir\nPage 944\nto sette up\nerig\u00e9r\nto exalte\nexalt\u00e9r\nto styre one\nexagit\u00e9r\nto put out of order\nexorbit\u00e9r\nto be buse\nexercit\u00e9r\nto take without ryght\nextorqu\u00e9r\nto distroy\nextermin\u00e9r\nto excuse\nexcus\u00e9r\nto shake of\nescuss\u00e9r\nto say nay\nescondire\nto declare\nexplicqu\u00e9r\nto declare\nepiloqu\u00e9r\nto go about\nenuironn\u00e9r\nto serche nygh\nexpliqu\u00e9r\nto poyson\nempoysonn\u00e9r\nto wrappe\nentortill\u00e9r\nto flee\nescorch\u00e9r\nto spye\nespi\u00e9r\nto pluc away\nesraci\u00e9r\nto hope\nesper\u00e9r\nto enmayle\nesmaill\u00e9r\nto stere out the brain\nesceruel\u00e9r\nto clene the nose\nesmouch\u00e9r\nto waxe a slepe\nendormir\nto wake\nesueill\u00e9r\nto invade\nempaindre\nto press on\nespraindre\nto kyndle\nesprendre\nto teche\nenseign\u00e9r\nto launch a bote\nesquip\u00e9r\nto shake\nescourre\nto set a thyng in the wynde\nesuent\u00e9r\nto drye uppe\nessuer\nto be abasshed\nestonn\u00e9r\nto put liker in a vessel\nentonn\u00e9r\nto put in the case\nestuy\u00e9r\nto quenche\nestaindre\nto stablisshe\nestablir\nto strive\nestriu\u00e9r\nto sparcle\nestincil\u00e9r\nto inforce\nenforc\u00e9r\nto take corage\nencourag\u00e9r\nto encrease\nencroistre\nto set a stringe upon a bowe\nencorder\nto write\nescripre\nto curse\nescomunier\nto undertake\nenprendre\nto undertake\nentreprendre\nto stretche\nestendre\nto tye with a chayne\nenchain\u00e9r\nto close\nenclore\nto mete\nencontr\u00e9r\nto borowe\nemprunt\u00e9r\nto bury\nensepuelir\nto move\nesmouuoir\nto waxe riche\nenrichir\nto put in the grounde\nenterr\u00e9r\nPage 945\nto stanche\nestancer\nto lede away\nenmener\nto eschew\neuit\u00e9r\nto set upon a hepe\nentass\u00e9r\nto cut\nentaill\u00e9r\nto folow\nensuiuir\nto dye\nespir\u00e9r\nto kyndle\nesprendre\nto lette\nempesch\u00e9r\nto enbrace\nembrach\u00e9r\nto make thicke\nespessir\nto ladle\nespuis\u00e9r\nto bere away\nemport\u00e9r\nto exorte\nenort\u00e9r\nto nese\nestrenu\u00e9r\nto sende\nenuoi\u00e9r\nto scratche\nesgratign\u00e9r\nto geve the first hansel\nestrin\u00e9r\nto stoppe\nestanch\u00e9r\nto pluck up parforce\nenrach\u00e9r\nto kyndle\nembras\u00e9r\nto waxe fayre\nembellir\nto spotte with myre\nembou\u00e9r\nto beshytte\nembren\u00e9r\nto scalde\neschaud\u00e9r\nto chaffe\neschauff\u00e9r\nto pluc from the shelle\neschall\u00e9r\nto make worse\nempir\u00e9r\nto set in presse\nempress\u00e9r\nto except\nexcept\u00e9r\nto banishe\nexill\u00e9r\nto breke a dere\neuiscer\u00e9r\nF\nto talke\nfabul\u00e9r\nto forge\nfabricqu\u00e9r\nto go about nought\nfatroull\u00e9r\nto fantesy\nfantasi\u00e9r\nto mow\nfaulch\u00e9r\nto penetre\nfauss\u00e9r\nto make false\nfalsifi\u00e9r\nto fayle\nfaillir\nto do\nfaire\nto paint as women do\nfarder\nto wrappe\nfardeler\nto play or mocke\nfarc\u00e9r\nto stuffe mete\nfarsir\nto feyne\nfaindre\nto facion a thynge\nfassonn\u00e9r\nto helpe\nfauoris\u00e9r\nto make one wery\nfac\u00e9r\nto fawne\nfaonn\u00e9r\nto swadel\nfach\u00e9r\nto make fertil\nfecond\u00e9r\nto cleve\nfendre\nto strike\nferir\nto make hay\nfen\u00e9r\nto make feste\nfestoi\u00e9r\nPage 946\nto put the levain\nfermenter\nto show horses\nferr\u00e9r\nto shytt\nferm\u00e9r\nto forme or shape\nfigur\u00e9r\nto spinne\nfil\u00e9r\nto kasten a thynge on the grounde\nfich\u00e9r\nto congele\nfoitir\nto melte\nfondre\nto forge\nforger\nto hurte or to dresse cloth\nfouller\nto serche\nll. fouller\nto furre\nfourrer\nto provaile\nfourboullir\nto go out of the way\nfouruier\nto waxe madde\nforsener\nto be killed with tempest\nfouldroier\nto play the fole\nfolloier\nto confort a membre with a bathe\nfomenter\nto donge\nfienter\nto lay out\nfonser\nto shitte out\nforclore\nto furbisshe\nfourbir\nto banisshe\nforbanir\nto forfect\nforfaire\nto draw from another\nfortraire\nto forswere\nforjurer\nto scourge\nfouetter\nto fly\nfouir\nto fetche vitall\nfourrager\nto go from the lyne\nforligner\nto enforce\nforcer\nto shape\nformer\nto use idel wordes\nflagorner\nto flatter\nflatter\nto smell\nflairer\nto tormente\nflageller\nto pipe\nflajoller\nto wade\nflaistrir\nto bow\nfleschir\nto florisshe\nflourir\nto haunte\nfrequenter\nto quake\nfremir\nto frye\nfricquass\u00e9r\nto frye\nfrire\nto play the galant\nfringner\nto shake of the ague\nfrissonn\u00e9r\nto bruse\nfroi\u00e9r\nto rubbe\nfrot\u00e9r\nto breake\nfroiss\u00e9r\nto ronne away\nfouir\nto assyst\nfulcir\nto thretten\nfulmin\u00e9r\nto fume\nfum\u00e9r\nto disceyve\nfrustr\u00e9r\nG\nto mocke\ngab\u00e9r\nto lay a wayes\ngag\u00e9r\nPage 947\nto gage a vessell\ngaug\u00e9r\nto distroy any thyng\ngarconn\u00e9r\nto kepe\ngard\u00e9r\nto garnysshe\ngarnir\nto graunt\ngarantir\nto galope a horse\ngalloper\nto lette blode\ngars\u00e9r\nto clatter\ngarrul\u00e9r\nto waste\ngaist\u00e9r\nto rejoise\ngaudir\nto make mery, or to prike\ngall\u00e9r\nto wynne\ngaigner\nto lye downe\ngesir\nto dresse\ngenc\u00e9r\nto frese\ngell\u00e9r\nto turmente\ngehin\u00e9r\nto confesse\ngehir\nto playne\ngemir\nto double\ngemin\u00e9r\nto tourne\nger\u00e9r\nto discryve the world or therth\ngeographer\nto springe\ngerminer\nto eate as a glotton\ngourmander\nto say meate\ngouster\nto droppe\ngoutter\nto governe\ngouuerner\nto parbreke\ngosiller\nto barke as a fulmer\nglatir\nto gleane\nglenner\nto glorifye\nglorifier\nto glose\ngloser\nto folde togyder\nglomerer\nto glew\nglutiner\nto clawe\ngrater\nto grave or sculpe\ngrauer\nto noy\ngreuer\nto grese botes\ngresser\nto hayle\ngresler\nto sclyde\nll. griller\nto sclyde\nglisser\nto scratche\ngriffer\nto grynne\ngn. grigner\nto gryppe or to clyme\ngripper\nto grudge\ngn. grongner\nto curle as a cattle\ngruler\nto heale\nguerir\nto rewarde\nguerdonner\nto forsake\nguerpir\nto caste\ngeler\nto make warre\nguerroier\nto complayne\nguermenter\nto voyde\nguenchir\nto lyfte up\nguinder\nto gyde\nguyder\nto watche\nguetter\nto loke with one eye\nguigner\nPage 948\nH\nto leave alone\nhabandonner\nto have plentie\nhabonder\nto cutte small\nhacher\nto haunte\nhanter\nto be sonne burnde\nhasler\nto plucke up\nll. haller\nto rele threde\nhapler\nto catche\nhapper\nto harpe\nherper\nto hate\nhair\nto pyke a quarell\nharceler\nto pyke a quarell\nharier\nto ryse up\nhaulser\nto play at dyce\nhasarder\nto harborowe\nhebreger\nto lodge\nhosteler\nto harowe\nhercher\nto ney as a horse\nhennir\nto succede to heritage\nheriter\nto move\nhobber\nto be wery\nhoder\nto spotte\nhonnir\nto make one ashame\nhontoier\nto grudge\ngn. hongner\nto put on botes\nhouser\nto wynde up\nhousser\nto calle\nhucher\nto suppe\nhumer\nto humme\nhuner\nto stryke with horns\nhurter\nto be meke\nhumilier\nto hurtel togider\nhurteler\nto make a creste lyke a coke fighting\nhurer\nto houle as a dogge\nhuler\nto set up the heres as a hedge dog\nherissonner\nI\nto boost\njacter\nto chatter as byrdes\njargonner\nto folowe\nimiter\nto trouble\ninfester\nto say unto\ninferer\nto injury\ninjurier\nto put upon\ninculquer\nto call\ninciter\nto bringe in\nintroduire\nto stablysh a bisshop\nintroniser\nto put in parforce\nintruser\nto enquere\ninterroguer\nto teache\ninstruire\nto attempte\ninuestiguer\nto finde\ninuenter\nto make unhappe\ninfortuner\nto move\ninstiguer\nto reprove\nimproperer\nto wrappe\nintriguer\nto sacrify\nimmoler\nPage 949\nto invade\ninuader\nto intoxicat\ninfectioner\nto be importunat\nimportuner\nto require\nimplorer\nto call\ninuocquer\nto gete\nimpetrer\nto put on\nimputer\nto jeopart\ningerer\nto inspire\ninspirer\n[missing English verb]\ninvolver\nto printe\nimprimer\nto cal to\ninviter\nto ordenne\ninstituer\nto let\ninterpeller\nto induce\ninduire\nto teche or bringe in\nintroduire\nto juste\njouster\nto play\njouer\nto joine\njoindre\nto fast\njuner\nto juge\njuger\nto swere\njurer\nto justify\njustifier\nto do justice\njusticier\nto angre\nirriter\nto winter\niuerner\nto go out\nissir\nto cut the trouth\njuguler\nto ronne upon one\nirruer\nto use dronkenship\niurongner\nL\nto labour\nlabourer\nto lace\nlacer\nto lose or let go\nlascer\nto provoke\nlacesser\nto leave\nlaisser\nto wery\nlasser\nto lance\nlancer\nto stele\nlarciner\nto sile a wale\nlambroisser\nto complayne\nlamenter\nto drinke as a dogge\nlapper\nto wepe\nlarmoier\nto wepe\nlacrimer\nto stone to deth\nlapider\nto larde\nlarder\nto lathe with lathes\nlatter\nto wache\nlauer\nto lyke\nlescher\nto lyfte\nleuer\nto lure, as a hawke\nleurer\nto tye\nlier\nto fyle as a smyte\nlimer\nto deliver\nliurer\nto rede\nlire\nto here\nlouer\nto lawde\nloer\nPage 950\nto shine\nluire\nto wrestell\nluiter\nM\nto chewe\nmacher\nto mary\nmarier\nto angre\nmarir\nto blaspheme\nmaulgrier\nto barguine\nmarchander\nto martir\nmartirer\nto martir\nmartiriser\nto mastry\nmaistrier\nto waxe leane\nmaigrir\nto worke as a mason\nmassonner\nto mainteyn\nmaintenir\nto curse\nmauldire\nto handle\nmanier\nto make foule\nmaculer\nto make blacke\nmachurer\nto trede\nmarcher\nto marke\nmarquer\nto hamer\nmarteler\nto putte\nmectre\nto begge\nmendier\nto muse\nmediter\nto eate\nmenger\nto thanke\nmercier\nto backebyte\nmesdire\nto medyll\nmesler\nto reken falce\nmescompter\nto do a mysse\nmesprendre\nto disprease\nmespriser\nto murdre\nmeurdrir\nto lye\nmentir\nto deserve\nmeriter\nto mysknowe\nmescognoistre\nto loke in a glasse\nmirer\nto dyg in the grounde\nminer\nto lede\nmener\nto asswage\nmetiguer\nto shewe\nmonstrer\nto mortifie\nmortifier\nto grounde\nmouldre\nto move\nmouuoir\nto make a molde\nmouller\nto wite\nll. mouller\nto mue as a hawke\nmuer\nto hide\nmucer\nto fortify\nmunir\nto multiply\nmultiplier\nto go to hervest\nmoissonner\nall one\nmessonner\nto playe the husbande\nmesnager\nto byte\nmordre\nto dye\nmourir\nto mounte\nmonter\nto swepe the nose\nmoucer\nto morfounde\nmorfoundre\nPage 951\nto mocke\nmocquer\nto put one yvell\nmaumectre\nto mysdo\nmesfaire\nall one\nmesprendre\nN\nto swym\nnager\nto shewe\nnarrer\nto serve at tennes\nnacqueter\nto give posession\nnantir\nto wounde\nnaurer\nto be borne\nnaistre\nto make mattes\nnater\nto set sinewes on a sadle\nneruer\nto make clene\nnettoier\nto denye\nnier\nto bride\nnidger\nto snuf with the nose\nniffler\nto becke with hedde\nniquer\nto knytte\nnouer\nto swimme\nnoer\nto drowne\nnoier\nto nombre\nnombrer\nto notte\nnotter\nto nourishe\nnorir\nto shade\nnoncer\nto make black\nnoircer\nto certify\nnotiffier\nto name\nnommer\nto hurt\nnuyre\nto strive\nnoisir\nO\nto obaye\nobair\nto be ocupyed\noccuper\nto darken\nobscurer\nto say yvell\nobtrecter\nto obtaine\nobtenir\nto bynde\nobliger\nto binde is all one\nobliger\nbloted forgotten\nobliterer\nto forgette\noublier\nto withstande\nobuier\nto darken\nobfusquer\nto offende\noffencer\nto offrende\noffrir\nto kyll\noccire\nto hide\nocculter\nto make fole\nordoier\nto ordayne\nordonner\nto leve\nobmectre\nto hurte\noultrager\nto uttre\noultrer\nto obtaine\nobtenir\nto graunte\nobtemperer\nto constrayne\nopprimer\nto opose\noposer\nto wene\noppiner\nto oppresse\noppresser\nPage 952\nto dare\noser\nto pray\norer\nto enoisel as a hauke\noisiler\nto warye\nourdir\nto worke\nouurer\nto open\nouurir\nto take awaye\noster\nto here\nouir\nto graunte\nottroier\nP\nto forgyve\npardonner\nto prepare\nparer\nto speke\nparler\nto painte\npaindre\nto forswere\nparjurer\nto parforme\nparformer\nto make an ende\nparfaire\nto lese\nperdre\nto passe\npasser\nto perce\npercer\nto perceyve\npercepuoir\nto suffre\npermectre\nto waye\npeser\nto thynke\npenser\nto do\nperpetrer\nto perysshe\npericliter\nto synne\npecher\nto fysshe\npescher\nto preache\nprescher\nto penetre or throwe\npenetrer\nto presente\npresenter\nto contynew\npreseruer\nto lose\nperdre\nto farte\npetter\nto knede\npestrir\nto warantise\npleuir\nto bere\nporter\nto thynke\npourpenser\nto walke\npourmener\nto prove\nprouuer\nto wepe\nplourer\nto dowke\nplonger\nto lye down as a hore\nprostituer\nto brynge forthe\nproduire\nto shuldre\npousser\nto powte\npoussir\nto bowe\nploier\nto fole as a mare\npoulener\nto pygge as a sowe\npourceler\nto sette\nplanter\nto playde\nplaider\nto please\nplaire\nto plane\nplaner\nto make even\nplanier\nto lay a thynge downe or to rest\nposer\nto combe the hedde\ngn. pigner\nto pysse\npisser\nPage 953\nto prycke\npicquer\nto stampe\npiller\nto robbe\nll. piller\nto take awaye\npriuer\nto banysshe\nprescripre\nto presuppose\npresuposer\nto beare\nperhiber\nto defende\nprohiber\nto procure\nprocurer\nto say before\npredire\nto prayse\npriser\nto make poudre\npulueriser\nto multiply as birdes\npululler\nto purchase\npurchasser\nto polisshe as silver\npolire\nto caste downe\nprecipiter\nto publysshe\npublier\nto sounde\npasmer\nto complayne\nplaindre\nto lade out water\npuiser\nto suffre\npermectre\nQ\nto double furre\nquadrupler\nto square\nquarer\nto square\nquadrer\nto stoupe\nquatir\nto douke\nou coitir\nto sertche or demande\nquerir\nto pyke a quarell\nquereller\nto begge as a pardoner\nquester\nto move a questyon\nquestionner\nto begge\nquemander\nto quyte\nquitter\nto begge\nquoquiner\nto play the fole\nquocarder\nR\nto bring lower\nrabaisser\nto bate of a somme\nrabattre\nto bring agayne\nramener\nto gyve yll wordes\nramponer\nto ravysshe\nrauir\nto take away all\nraser\nto raunsome\nranconner\nto overtake\nrataindre\nto rake with a rake\nrateler\nto rampe as a cat\nramper\nto remembre agayne\nramenteuoir\nto alowe it\nratifier\nto refresshe\nraffreschir\nto recreate\nrecre\u00e9r\nto spyll\nrespandre\nto answere\nrespondre\nto rejoyce\nresjouir\nto refuse\nrefuser\nto feare\nresuer\nto reduce\nreduire\nto refuce\nrecuser\nPage 954\nto lament\nregretter\nto restore\nrendre\nto rebounde\nrebunder\nto reprove\nreprouuer\nto rest\nreposer\nto grudge\ngn. recigner\nto eate at after noon\nreciner\nto restore\nrestituer\nto reherce\nrecencer\nto resygne\nresigner\nto go backe\nreculer\nto reforme\nrefermer\nto shave\nrere\nto reherce\nreferer\nto releve\nreleuer\nto bewray\nreueler\nto reherce\nreciter\nto repete\nrepeter\nto repugne\nrepugner\nto revoke\nreuocquer\nto restore in agayne\nrestablir\nto restrayne\nrestraindre\nto robbe\nrober\nto cancre\nll. rouiller\nto stare\nll. rouller\nto role\nrouller\nto snore\nronfler\nto gnawe\nronger\nto ruffle\nrouffler\nto take all away\nriffler\nto ryme\nrimer\nto rowe\nrymer\nto woe a woman\nrouuer\nto speke in ones ere\nruner\nto use subtilte\nruser\nto repete by him self\nruminer\nto strike agayne\nreuerberer\nto shine\nresplendir\nto rewarde\nremunerer\nto reise agayn\nresouldre\nto bye agayne\nracheter\nS\nto salte\nsaller\nto salute\nsaluer\nto lepe\nsaulter\nto ken\nscauoir\nto blede\nsaigner\nto yelke\nsangloutir\nto save\nsauluer\nto tast\nsauuorer\nto heale\nsaner\nto halowe\nsainctifier\nto sacrify\nsacrifier\nto wede yvel herbes\nsarcler\nto grave\nsculper\nto saciate\nsaouler\nto satisfie\nsatisfaire\nPage 955\nto saw\nsemer\nto somme\nsemondre\nto serve\nseruir\nto preche\nsermonner\nto sojourne\nsojourner\nto devide\nsegreger\nto devyde\nseparer\nto gyve jugement\nsentencier\nto signe\nsigner\nto sporte\nsolager\nto suffre\nsouffrir\nto suspecte\nsoupeconner\nto sawe\nsoier\nto wysshe\nsouhaiter\nto overcome\nsourmonter\nto subdue\nsoubmectre\nto dreame\nsonger\nto slombre\nsommeiller\nto assoyle\nsouldre\nto syghe\nsoupirer\nto beare or staye\nsoubstenir\nto remembre\nsouuenir\nto come sodenly\nsouruenir\nto swete\nsuer\nto set\nseoir\nto sowke\nsucher\nto folow\nsuiuir\nto succede\nsucceder\nto take sodenly\nsurprendre\nto ayde\nsuffulter\nto rone over\nsuronder\nto soupe\nsoupper\nto kare\nsoucier\nto surname\nsournommer\nto helpe up\nsustenter\nto strayne\nserrer\nto flater\nsugerer\nto over wene\nsurcuider\nto be sodenly afraide\nsoursaillir\nto suffice\nsuppeter\nto withdrawe\nsoubstraire\nto begyle\nsuplanter\nto calcule or nombre\nsupputer\nto be delygent\nsongnier\nT\nto blot or spote\ntacher\nto go about\ntacer\nto tabure\ntabourer\nto prike with heles\ntallonner\nto syfte\ntamisser\nto dye\ntaindre\nto dresse ledder\ntanner\nto pike quarel\ntarier\nto grope or taste\ntaster\nto taxe\ntaxer\nto cut\nll. tailler\nto taxe\ntausser\nPage 956\nto bende or go about\ntendre\nto shere\ntondre\nto ley a tente\ntenter\nto tempte\ntenter\nto abide\ntemporiser\nto make besynesse\ntempester\nto tempre\ntemprer\nto holde\ntenir\nto make one wery\ntenner\nto vade\nternir\nto ende\nterminer\nto karve\ntrancher\nto chide\ntencer\nto plat heres\ntrescher\nto draw\ntirer\nto styrre the fyre\ntiser\nto dresse a woman\ntiffer\nto clyppe heares\ntouser\nto tourne\ntourner\nto swepe\ntorcher\nto bete\ntorcer\nto take away\ntollir\nto medle\nll. touller\nto coughe\ntoussir\nto wip\nteurdre\nto traite\ntraiter\nto go overthwarde\ntrauerser\nto forshape\ntransmuer\nto trace, as a hare\ntrac\u00e9r\nto strike or blot out\ntrac\u00e9r\nto sounde\ntransir\nto sende\ntransmectre\nto transporte\ntransporter\nto betray\ntrahir\nto tremble\ntrembler\nto draw\ntrainer\nto find\ntrouuer\nto travayle\nll. trauailler\nto begyle\ntromper\nto trusse\ntrousser\nto cut in gobettes\ntronchonner\nto falle\ntumber\nto kylle\ntuer\nto mocke\ntrouffer\nto tormente\ntourmenter\nto just or fyght\ntournoier\nto begge\ntruander\nto go thorow\ntrespercher\nto expownde\ntropographer\nto drawe or to milke a cowe\ntraire\nto crye\ncrier\nU\nto varye\nuaciller\nto vayncquysshe\nuaincre\nto be worthe\nualloir\nto fanne corne\nuaner\nto boste\nuanter\nPage 957\nto varye\nuarier\nto be avenged\nuenger\nto go aboute\nuacquer\nto selle\nuendre\nto comme\nuenir\nto fysel\nuener\nto uernysshe\nuernir\nto boxe\nuentouser\nto verifye\nuerifier\nto make verses\nuersifier\nto serche the uttermoste\nuentiler\nto lye on the bely\nuentrouller\nto fil the cup\nuerser\nto make wynde\nuenter\nto shyt the bolte\nuerrouller\nto make grene\nuerdoier\nto shame\nuergonder\nto fysell\nuessir\nall one\nuesner\nto watche\nll. uellier\nto se\nueoir\nto muse\nuiser\nto vysyte\nuiseter\nto live\nuiure\nto turne\nuirer\nto shame\nuituperer\nto pisse\nuriner\nto put out\nuoyder\nto devoure\nuorrer\nto gather grapes\nuendenger\nto make shadowe\numbroier\nHere consequently foloweth the conjugations wherof the fyrst shalbe\ntourned in one tens, synguler nombre and plurell, sixe and thirty maner\nawaye, every person sixe maner wayes, that is to say, the affyrmatyve\nthre wayes and the negatyve lykewise; as whan I say: I have, which is\naffyrmation or grauntyng, if ye do turne it, ye shall have, have I. And\nif ye put this worde, why, before it, ye shall have a questyon, as: why\nhave I, and lykewyse of the negation or denying, whiche is, I have nat;\nturne it, ye have, have nat I: and puttyng why before it, ye have a\nquestion, whiche is: why have nat I. And in lyke maner thorowe every\npersone synguler and plurell; and so shall it be sixe and thirty wayes\nin one tens, and this rule is generall for every verbe.\nAlso there is another maner, whiche shall serve for every verbe\nlykewyse, and shalbe turned in one tens an hundred and eyght wayes, with\nthre pronownes, that is to say: me, the, hym.\nExample for the fyrst persone: I have me, I have the, I have hym. And\nPage 958\nwe tourne it, we shall have: have I me, have I the, have I hym. Than\nputtyng why before it, we shall have: Why have I me, why have I the, why\nhave I hym; and this is nyne wayes in the affyrmatyve.\nNowe, if ye do lykewise in the negatyve, ye shall have other nyne wayes,\nas whan ye say: I have nat me, I have nat the, I have nat him, and\ntournyng it, ye have: have I nat me, have I nat the, have I nat hym; and\nputtyng why before, I have: why have nat I me, why have nat I the, why\nhave nat I hym. And doynge lykewise of the seconde persone and the\nthyrde, and consequently with the plurell nombre, ye shall have syx\ntymes eightene variable and sondry wayes, which do amount to an hundred\nand viii wayes in one tense, and may be lykewise of every verbe; and if\nye do take but the fyrste worde of every persone, ye shall have a syngle\nconjugacion, as: I have, thou hast, he hath: we have, ye have, they\nhave, etc.\nPage 959\nHere after foloweth the fyrst conjugation whiche is sixe and thyrty wayes\n  in the presente, and lykewyse of every preteryte and future,\n    in every tense and mode, except all the imperatyves the\n      present of the optatyves. And bycause we can nat specifye\n        by our wordes any of our dedes, signyfyeng action,\n          without this verbe (have) we shall begyn with\n            the same, addyng to it a worde or two for\n              to shewe an example, howe one may\n                make dyverse and many sentences\n                 with one worde, and percon-\n                   sequent come shortely\nPage 960\nTHE INDICATYVE PRESENT.\n[Symbol: hand] jay                   grant desir\npourquoy       ay je\n  why          have nat I\npourquoy       nay je pas\n[Symbol: hand] tu as\n               hast thou             good appetyte\n  why          hast thou\npourquoy       as tu\n               hast thou nat         good appetyte\n  why          hast thou nat\npourquoy       nas tu pas\n[Symbol: hand] il a\n  why          hath he\npourquoy       a il\n  why          hath he nat\npourquoy       na il point\nPage 961\nTHE PLURELL NOMBRE.\n[Symbol: hand] nous auons\n  why          have we\npourquoy       auons nous\n           --  nous nauons mie\n               nauons nous mie       joie\n  why          have nat we\npourquoy       nauons nous mie\n[Symbol: hand] uous au\u00e9z\n  why          have ye\npourquoy       au\u00e9z uous\n           --  uous nau\u00e9z point\n               nau\u00e9z uous point      droit\n  why          have ye nat\npourquoy       nau\u00e9z uous point\n[Symbol: hand] ilz ont\n  why          have they\npourquoy       ont ilz\n  why          have they nat\npourquoy       nont ilz pas\nPage 962\nTHE PRETERIT IMPARFYTE.\n               I dyd have, or I was havyng, or I had\n[Symbol: hand] jauoy\npourquoy       auoy je               bonne esperance\n           --  je nauoy point\n               nauoy je point        bonne esperance\n  why          had nat I\npourquoy       nauoy je pas\n[Symbol: hand] tu auois\n               haddest thou          great feare\n  why          haddest thou\npourquoy       auois tu\n               thou haddest nat\n               haddest nat thou      great feare\n               nauois tu mie         belle peur\n  why          haddest nat thou\npourquoy       nauois tu mie\n               he dyd have or had\n[Symbol: hand] il auoit\npourquoy       auoit il\n               had nat he            understandyng\n               nauoit il pas         entendement\n  why          had nat he\npourquoy       nauoit il pas\nPage 963\nTHE PLURELL NOMBRE.\n[Symbol: hand] nous auions\npourquoy       auions nous\n           --  nous nauions pas\n               nauions nous pas      loisir\n  why          had nat we\npourquoy       nauions nous pas\n[Symbol: hand] uous auiez\npourquoy       aui\u00e9s uous\n           --  uous naui\u00e9z point\n               naui\u00e9z uous point     tort\n  why          had ye nat\npourquoy       naui\u00e9z uous pas\n[Symbol: hand] ilz auoient\n  why            had they\npourquoy       auoient ilz\n           --  ilz nauoient pas\n               nauoient ilz pas      bien dit\n  why          had they nat\npourquoy       nauoient ilz pas\nPage 964\nTHE PRETERIT PARFYTE.\n[Symbol: hand] je eus\npourquoy       eus je\n               neus je pas           beau passe temps\n  why          had nat I\npourquoy       ne eus je pas\n               thou haddest\n[Symbol: hand] tu eus\n               haddest thou          moche a do\n  why          haddest thou\npourquoy       eus tu\n               thou haddest nat\n               haddest nat thou      moche a do\n               neus tu point         a besongnier\n  why          haddest nat thou\npourquoy       neus tu point\n[Symbol: hand] il eust\npourquoy       eust il\n               had nat he            that that he sought\n               neust il pas          ce   quil cerchoit\n  why          had nat he\npourquoy       neust il pas\nPage 965\nTHE PLURELL NOMBRE.\n[Symbol: hand] nous eusmes\n               eusmes nous           bon  courage\npourquoy       eusmes nous\n           --  nous neusmes pas\n               neusmes nous pas      bon  courage\n  why          had nat we\npourquoy       neusmes nous pas\n[Symbol: hand] uous eustes\npourquoy       eustes uous\n           --  uous neustes pas\n               neustes uous pas      le  pris\n  why          had nat ye\npourquoy       neustes vous pas\n[Symbol: hand] ilz eurent\n               eurent ilz            laduantage\n  why          had they\npourquoy       eurent ilz\n           --  ilz neurent pas\n               had they nat          the aduauntage\n               neurent ilz pas       laduantage\n  why          had they nat\npourquoy       neurent ilz pas\nPage 966\nTHE PRETERIT INDIFFYNITYVE.\n[Symbol: hand] jay eu\n  why          have I had\npourquoy       ay je eu\n               have nat I had        to drinke\n  why          have nat I had\npourquoy       nay je pas eu\n[Symbol: hand] tu as eu\n  why          hast thou had\npourquoy       as tu eu\n               thou hast nat had\n               hast thou nat had     thurst\n  why          hast thou nat had\npourquoy       nas tu pas eu\n[Symbol: hand] il a eu\n  why          hath he had\npourquoy       a il eu\n               he hath nat had\n               hath he nat had       to eate\n  why          hath he nat had\npourquoy       na il pas eu\nPage 967\nTHE PLURELL NOMBRE.\n[Symbol: hand] nous auons eu\n               auons nous eu         pacience\n  why          have we had\npourquoy       auons nous eu\n               we have nat had\n           --  nous nauons pas eu\n               have we nat had       pacyence\n               nauons nous pas eu    pacience\n  why          have we nat had\npourquoy       nauons nous pas eu\n[Symbol: hand] uous auez eu\n               au\u00e9z uous eu          necessite\n  why          have ye had\npourquoy       au\u00e9z uous eu\n               ye have nat had\n           --  uous nau\u00e9z pas eu\n               nau\u00e9z uous pas eu     necessite\n  why          have ye nat had\npourquoy       nau\u00e9z uous pas eu\n[Symbol: hand] ilz ont eu\n               have they had         their wages\n  why          have they had\npourquoy       ont ilz eu\n               they have nat had\n           --  ilz nont pas eu\n               have they nat had     their wages\n               nont ilz pas eu       leur  gages\n  why          have they nat had\npourquoy       nont ilz pas eu\nPage 968\n    THE PRETERIT MOST PARFYTE.\n[Symbol: Hand]   jauoy eu\npourquoy         auoy je eu\n                 nauoy je pas eu       la paine\nwhy              had nat I had\npourquoy         nauoy je pas eu\n                 thou haddest had\n[Symbol: hand]   tu auois eu\n                 haddest thou had      profyte\nwhy              haddest thou had\npourquoy         auois tu eu\n                 thou haddest nat had\n                 haddest thou nat had   profyte\n                 nauois tu pas eu       prouffit\nwhy              haddest thou nat had\npourquoy         nauois tu pas eu\n[Symbol: hand]   il auoit eu\nwhy              had he had\npourquoy         auoit il eu\n                 nauoit il pas eu      domage\nwhy              had nat he had\npourquoy         nauoit il pas eu\nPage 969\nTHE PLURELL NOMBRE.\n[Symbol: hand] nous auions eu\n               auions nous eu        gagnage\n  why          had we had\npourquoy       auions nous eu\n           --  nous nauions pas eu\n               had we nat had        wynnyng\n               nauions nous pas eu   gagnage\n  why          had we nat had\npourquoy       nauions nous pas eu\n[Symbol: hand] uous aui\u00e9z eu\n  why          had ye had\npourquoy       aui\u00e9z uous eu\n           --  uous naui\u00e9z pas eu\n               naui\u00e9z uous pas eu    perte\n  why          had ye nat had\npourquoy       naui\u00e9z uous pas eu\n[Symbol: hand] ilz auoient eu\n               had they had          their pleasure\n               auoient ilz eu        leur  plaisir\n  why          had they had\npourquoy       auoient ilz eu\n               they had nat had\n           --  ilz nauoient pas eu\n               had they nat had      their pleasure\n               nauoient ilz pas eu   leur  plaisir\n  why          had they nat had\npourquoy       nauoient ilz pas eu\nPage 970\nTHE FUTURE.\n[Symbol: hand] je aray\n               shall I have            better fortune\n  why          shall I have\npourquoy       aray je\n               I shall nat have\n               shall nat have I        better fortune\n               naray je pas          meilleur fortune\n  why          shall nat I have\npourquoy       naray je pas\n               thou shalte have\n[Symbol: hand] tu aras\n               shalte thou have      moche a do\n  why          shalte thou have\npourquoy       aras tu\n               thou shalte nat have\n               shalte thou nat have  moche a do\n               naras tu pas           bien a faire\n  why          shalte thou nat have\npourquoy       naras tu pas\n[Symbol: hand] il ara\n  why          shall he have\npourquoy       ara il\n               he shall nat have\n               shall he nat have      a  strawe\n  why          shall he nat have\npourquoy       nara il pas\nPage 971\nTHE PLURELL NOMBRE.\n[Symbol: hand]    nous arons\n                  shall we have           that that we wene\n                  arons nous              ce que nous cuidons\nwhy               shall we have\npourquoy          arons nous\n                  we shall nat have\n                  shall we nat have       that that we wene\n                  narons nous pas         ce que nous cuidons\nwhy               shall we nat have\npourquoy          narons nous pas\n[Symbol: hand]    uous ar\u00e9z\n                  shall ye have           your purpose\nwhy               shall ye have\npourquoy          ar\u00e9z uous\n                  ye shall nat have\n               -- uous nar\u00e9z point\n                  shall ye nat have       your purpose\n                  nar\u00e9z uous point        vostre purpose\nwhy               shall nat ye have\npourquoy          nar\u00e9z uous point\n[Symbol: hand]    ilz aront\n                  shall they have         the goyng for the comming\nwhy               shall they have\npourquoy          aront ilz\n                  they shall nat have\n                  shall they nat have     the going for the commyng\n                  naront ilz pas            laler pour le uenir\nwhy               shall they nat have\npourquoy          naront ilz pas\nPage 972\nTHE IMPARATYVE WHICHE IS SYNGLE.\nHave thou selfe,    have the selfe,             have he\nAy   tu mesme,      ay   toi mesme,             ayt il,\nHave him,           have she.--have we,        have ye.\nAyt celuy,          ayt celle.--aions nous,    ai\u00e9z uous.\nHave they.\nAient ceulz, ou celles.\nTHE FUTURE.\nLoke that thou have, that he have, that we have, that ye have, that they\nhave.\nGarde que  tu  aye,   quil   ait, que nous aions, que uous ai\u00e9z, quilz\naient.\nTHE SECONDE FUTURE NEGATYVE.\nDo that thou have nat, do that he have nat, do that we have nat, that\nye have nat,\nFais que tu naye point,  quil  nait   pas,  que nous naions mie, que\nuous nai\u00e9z pas,\nthat they have nat.\nquilz  naient  pas.\nThe optatyve whiche is syngle lykewyse, the which shall serve for a\nfuture, with an addicion of the tyme to come, as _tantost_ or _demain_,\netc.\nI praye you     that I have,   that thou have,   that he have,\nJe uous prie    que jaye,      que tu aie,       quil ayt,\nWith my wyll     that we have,     that ye have,    that they have.\nA ma uoullent\u00e9   que nous ayons,   que uous ai\u00e9z,   quilz aient.\nThe preterit imparfyte, whiche may serve lykewyse for the present,\nafter the olde grammer.\nWolde   God   that I had,   that thou hadest, that he had.\nPleust a Dieu que je eusse, que   tu  eusse,   quil eust.\nWolde    God  that we     had,   that ye   had,    that they  had.\nPleust a Dieu que nous eussions, que uous eussi\u00e9z, quilz eussent.\nTHE PRETERIT PARFYTE.\nWolde to God that I have had, that   thou,   that  he.\nA ma uoullent\u00e9 que jaye  eu,  que tu aie eu, quil ait eu.\nWolde to God    that we  have had, that ye have had, that they have had.\nA ma uoullent\u00e9  que nous aions eu, que uous aiez eu, quilz aient eu.\nPage 973\nTHE PRETERIT MOST PARFYTE.\nO if I had had, thou hadest had, he had had.\nO sy jeusse eu, tu eusse eu,     il eust eu.\nO if we had had,       ye had had,      they had had.\nO sy nous eussions eu, uous eussi\u00e9s eu, ilz eussent eu.\nThe subjunctyve is lyke the optatyve save the future sayeng, _comme_ or\n_quant_.\n          thou have          of custome\nComme     tu aye             de coustome\nComme     nous aions,      uous ai\u00e9z,     ilz ayent.\nTHE PRETERITE IMPARFYTE.\nAs I had or dyd have,   as thou haddest,          as he had,\nComme jeusse ou jauois, comme tu eusses ou auois, comme il eust\nAs we had or dyd have,     as ye had,\ncomme  nous eussons ou auions, comme uous euss\u00e9z ou auy\u00e9s\ncomme ilz eussent ou auoient.\nTHE PRETERITE PARFYTE.\nAs I have had, as thou hast had, as he hath had,  as we have had,\nComme jaye eu, comme tu aye eu,  comme il ayt eu, comme nous ayons eu,\n    as ye have had,     as they have had.\n    comme uous ay\u00e9z eu, comme ilz  ay\u00e9nt eu.\nTHE PRETERITE PLUSPARFYTE.\nIf I had had, if thou hadest had, if he had had, if we had had,\nif ye had\nSe jeusse eu, se tu eusse eu,     se il eust eu, se nous eussions eu,\nse uous eussiez\n    had, if they had had.\n    eu,  se ilz eussent eu.\nThe fyrst future, which may be tourned XXXVI maner of wayes as the\nindicatyve.\n    As I shulde have, thou      he        we\n    Comme jaroie,     tu arois, il aroit, nous arions,\n        ye shulde have, they shulde have.\n        uous ariez,     ilz aroient.\nPage 974\nTHE SECONDE FUTURE.\nSo that I have, that thou have, that he have, that we have, that ye\nhave, that they have. Mais que jaye, que tu aye, quil ayt, que nous\naions, que vous ayes, quilz ayent.\nTHE INFINITIF.\nTHE PRETERIT.       To have had.\nGERUNDIVES.         To have,  for to have,  in havynge.\n                    Dauoir,   pour auoir,   en ayant.\nTHE OVERTHROWEN or  I you wolde had,       I you desire had.\nSUPINS.             Je uous uouldroie eu,  je vous desire eu.\nAnd thus endeth the conjugation of this verbe, have.\nHere foloweth a conjugation of an hundred and eight wayes in one\n  tence onely, wher ye shall reherce twise the interrogatyves\n    of bothe the affirmatyve and negatyve: the fyrst\n  tyme as it standeth written, and the seconde tyme,\n      puttinge outher why or howe before it.\nTHE FYRST PERSONE.\nI knowe me,         I knowe the,            I knowe hym.\nJe me congnoy,      je te congnoy,          je le congnoy.\nWhy knowe I me,         why knowe I the,        why knowe I hym.\nPourquoy me congnoy je, pourquoy te congnoy je, pourquoy le congnoy je.\nI knowe nat me,       I knowe nat the,      I knowe nat hym.\nJe ne me congnoy pas, je ne te congnoy pas, je ne le congnoy pas\nHowe knowe nat I me,       howe knowe nat I the,\nCome ne me congnoy je pas, come ne te congnoy je pas,\nTHE SECOND PERSONE.\nThou knowest me,  thou    the,     thou      him.\nTu me congnois,   tu te congnois,  tu le congnois.\nHow knowest thou me, how  thou     the,   howe  thou    hym.\nCome me congnois tu, come te congnoys tu, come le congnoys tu.\nPage 975\nThou knowest nat me,   thou       nat    the, thou     nat  hym.\nTu ne me congnois pas, tu ne te congnois pas, tu ne le congnois pas.\nHowe knowest thou nat me,   howe          thou nat the, howe\nthou nat hym.\nCome ne me congnoys tu pas, come ne te congnois tu pas, come\nne le congnois tu pas.\nTHE THIRDE PERSON.\nIl me congnoit,    il te congnoit,    il le congnoit.\nHowe knewe he me,    howe       he  the,  howe        he him.\nCome me congnoit il, come te congnoit il, come le congnoit il.\nHe knewe nat me,       he           nat the,  he      nat  him.\nIl ne me congnoit pas, il ne te congnoyt pas, il ne le congnoit pas.\nHow knewe nat he me,        howe            nat he the, howe\nnat he him.\nCome ne me congnoit il pas, come ne te congnoit il pas, come\nne le congnoit il pas.\nTHE PLUREL NOMBRE.\nNous nous congnoissons, nous uous congnoissons, nous les congnoissons.\nwe    them.\nCome nous cognoissons nous, come uous cognoissons nous, come\nles cognoissons nous.\nthem    nat.\nNous ne nous cognoissons pas, nous ne uous cognoissons pas, nous\nne les cognoissons pas.\nWhy           do   we   nat  know us,  why  do  we  nat\nyou,\nPourquoy ne nous cognoissons nous pas, pourquoy ne\nuous cognoissons nous pas,\n    pourquoy ne les congnoissons nous pas.\nTHE SECONDE PERSONE.\nYe   us   know,       ye   you  know,       ye  them  know.\nUous nous cognoiss\u00e9s, uous uous cognoiss\u00e9s, uous les congnoiss\u00e9s.\nthey  us.\nCome nous congnoiss\u00e9s uous, come uous congnoiss\u00e9s uous, come\nles congnoiss\u00e9s uous.\n     them    nat.\nUous ne nous congnoiss\u00e9s pas, uous ne uous congnoiss\u00e9s pas, uous\nne les congnoiss\u00e9s pas.\nhow    ye nat them.\nCome ne nous cognoiss\u00e9s uous pas, come ne uous congnoiss\u00e9s uous pas,\ncome ne les cognoiss\u00e9s uous pas.\nPage 976\nTHE THYRDE PERSONE.\nIlz nous congnoissent, ilz uous congnoissent, ilz les congnoissent.\nHow  know   they   us,      how             they you,   how\nthey      them.\nCome nous congnoissent ilz, come uous congnoissent ilz, come\nles congnoissent ilz.\nThey   dyd   nat  know  us,  they  dyd  nat        you,    they\ndyd  nat        them.\nIlz ne nous cognoissent pas, ilz ne uous congnoissent pas, ilz\nne les congnoissent pas.\nHow  know  they   nat   us,       how  they  nat          you,      howe\nthey nat  them.\nCome ne nous cognoissent ilz pas, come ne uous cognoissent ilz pas, come\nne les cognoissent ilz pas.\nTHE PRETERIT IMPARFET.\nI dyd   know  me,  I    dyd    the,   I    dyd     him.\nJe me cognoissoie, je te cognoissoie, je le cognoissoie.\nHow  dyd  I  know    me,   how  dyd  I  the,       how\ndyd  I       him.\nCome je me cognoissoye je, come te cognoissoie je, come\nle cognoissoie je.\nI  dyd  nat  knowe   me,  I  dyd  nat        the,    I  dyd  nat\nhim.\nJe ne me cognoissoie pas, je ne te congnoissoie pas, je ne\nle congnoissoie pas.\nWhy  dyd  nat  I  know  me,        how  dyd  I  nat          you,\nPourquoy ne me cognoissoie je pas, pourquoy ne te cognoissoie je pas,\npourquoy ne le congnoissoie je pas.\nTHE SECONDE PERSONE.\nThou dydest knew me, thou dydest  the,  thou dydest him.\nTu me cognoissois,   tu te cognoissois, tu le cognoissois.\nHow dydest thou know me, howe dydest thou  the,  how dydest thou    him.\nCome me cognoissois tu, come te cognoissois tu, come le congnoissois tu.\nThou dydest nat know me,  thou dydest nat     the,  thou dydest nat\nhim.\nTu ne me cognoissois pas, tu ne te cognoissois pas, tu ne\nle cognoissois pas.\nHow dydest thou nat know me,    how dydest thou nat       the,  how\ndydest thou nat      him.\nCome ne me congnoissois tu pas, come ne te congnoissois tu pas, come\nne le congnoissois tu pas.\nTHE THYRDE PERSONE.\nHe dyd know me,    he dyd       the,  he dyd      hym.\nIl me cognoissoit, il te cognoissoit, il le cognoissoit.\nPage 977\nHowe dyd he knowe me,      how dyd he       the,\nCome me cognoissoit il,    come te cognoissoit il,\nHe dyd nat knowe me,       he dyd nat         the,    he dyd nat\nIl ne me cognoissoit pas,  il ne te cognoissoit pas, il ne\nHow dyd nat he know me,         howe dyd nat he         the,\nCome ne me congnoissoit il pas, come ne te congnoissoit il pas,\nTHE PLURELL NOMBRE.\nWe   dyd  knowe    us,    we   dyd          you,\nNous nous congnoissions,  nous uous congnoissions,\nHowe  dyd   we   knowe  us,     howe  dyd   we        you,\nCome nous congnoissions nous,   come uous congnoissions nous,\nWe   dyd   nat  know  us,        we  dyd  nat             you,\nNous ne nous congnoissions pas,  nous ne uous congnoissions pas,\nWhy  dyd   nat    we   know    us,\nPourquoy ne nous congnoissions nous pas,\n               pourquoy ne uous cognoissions nous pas,\n                                 pourquoy ne les congnoissions nous pas.\nTHE SECONDE PERSONE.\nYe  dyd  knowe  us,   ye  dyd  knowe   you,    ye  dyd knowe  them.\nUous nous cognoiss\u00e9s, uous uous cognoiss\u00e9s,    uous les cognoiss\u00e9s.\nHowe dyd ye knowe us,      howe dyd ye knowe you,\nCome nous cognoiss\u00e9s uous, come uous cognoiss\u00e9s uous,\nYe   dyd   nat   know  us,    ye  dyd  nat  know   you,.\nUous ne nous congnoiss\u00e9s pas, uous ne uous cognoiss\u00e9s pas,\nHowe dyd  ye  nat  knowe   us,    how  dyd  ye  nat  know  you,\nCome ne nous cognoiss\u00e9s uous pas, come ne uous cognoiss\u00e9s uous pas,\nTHE THYRDE PERSONE.\nThey  dyd  know  us,    they  dyd        you,   they dyd       them.\nIlz nous cognoissoient, ilz uous cognoissoient, ilz les cognoissoient.\nPage 978\nHow  dyd they know us,        how dyd they you,\nCome nous congnoissoient ilz, come uous congnoissoient ilz,\nThey dyd nat know us,          they dyd nat you,\nIlz ne nous cognoissoient pas, ilz ne uous cognoissoient pas,\nHow dyd they nat know us,           how dyd they nat you,\nCome ne nous cognoissoient ilz pas, come ne uous cognoissoient ilz pas,\nTHE PRETERIT PARFET.\nJe me cogneus,    je le cogneus,    je le cogneus.\nHow  knew  I me,     how   I  the,        how  I  him.\nCome me cogneus je,  come te cogneus je,  come le cogneus je.\nI knewe nat me,         I nat  the,            I nat  him.\nJe ne me cogneus pas,   je ne le cogneus pas,  je ne le congneus pas.\nHowe knew nat I me,         howe  nat I the,\nCome ne me cogneus je pas,  come ne te congneus je pas,\nTHE SECONDE PARSONE.\nThou knewest me, thou  the,     thou   him.\nTu me cogneus,   tu te cogneus, tu le cogneus.\nWhy knewest the me,     why         the  the,   why  the    him.\nPourquoy me cogneus tu, pourquoy te cogneus tu, pourquoy le cogneus tu.\nThou knewest nat me,  thou        nat the,   thou        nat him.\nTu ne me cogneus pas, tu ne te cogneus pas,  tu ne le cogneus pas.\nHow knewest thou nat me,   how           thou nat the,\nCome ne me cogneus tu pas, come ne te congneus tu pas,\nTHE THYRDE PERSONE.\nHe knew me,       he the,            he  him.\nIl me congneut,   il te congneut,    il le cogneut.\nHow knew he me,      how he the,           how  he him.\nCome me cogneut il,  come te cogneut il,   come le cogneut il.\nHe knew nat me,         he    nat the,          he    nat him.\nIl ne me congneut pas,  il ne le congneut pas,  il ne le cogneut pas.\nWhy knew nat he me,            why            nat he the,\nPourquoy ne me cogneut il pas, pourquoy ne te cogneut il pas,\nPage 979\nTHE   PLURELL   NOMBRE.\nNous nous cogneusmes,  nous uous cogneusmes,   nous les cogneusmes.\nCome nous cogneusmes nous,   come uous cogneusmes nous,\nNous ne nous cogneusmes pas,   nous ne uous cogneusmes pas,\nCome ne nous cogneusmes nous pas,   come ne uous cogneusmes nous pas,\nTHE SECONDE PERSONE.\nUous nous cogneustes,   uous uous cogneustes,   uous les cogneustes.\nCome nous cogneustes uous,   come uous cogneustes uous,\nUous ne nous congneustes pas,  uous ne uous congneustes pas,\nCome ne nous cogneustes uous pas,   come ne uous cogneustes uous pas,\nTHE THYRDE PERSONE.\nIlz nous cogneurent,   ilz uous cogneurent,    ilz les cogneurent.\nHow  knew  they  us,       how          they  you,\nCome nous cogneurent ilz,  come uous cogneurent ilz,\nThey    knewe  nat us,        they             nat you,\nIlz ne nous congneurent pas,  ilz ne uous congneurent pas,\nPage 980\nHowe knewe they nat us,          how        they nat you,\nCome ne nous cogneurent ilz pas, come ne uous cogneurent ilz pas,\nTHE PRETERIT  INDIFFINITIF.\nI have knowen me, I have    the, I have    him.\nJe may cogneu,    je tay cogneu, je lay cogneu.\nHow have I knowen me, how have I      the, howe have I    him.\nCome  may  je cogneu, come tay je congneu, come lay je cogneu.\nHow have nat I knowen me,   how have nat I       the,\nCome ne may je pas congneu, come ne tay je pas cogneu,\nTHE  SECONDE  PERSONE.\nThou hast knowen me,   thou hast   the,   thou hast  him.\nTu mas cogneu,         tu te as cogneu,   tu  las cogneu.\nHow hast thou knowen me,  how hast thou   the,  how hast thou  him.\nCome mas tu congneu,      come tas tu congneu,  come las tu cogneu.\nThou hast nat knowen me,  thou hast nat    the,   thou hast nat    him.\nTu ne mas pas cogneu,     tu ne tas pas cogneu,   tu ne las pas cogneu.\nHow hast nat thou knowen me, how hast nat thou     the,\nCome ne mas tu pas cogneu,   come ne las tu pas cogneu,\nTHE THYRDE PERSONE.\nHe hath knowen me,   he hath     the,    he hath     him,\nIl ma congneu,       il ta congneu,      il la congneu.\nHow hath he knowen me,   how hath he     the,     how hath he     him.\nCome ma il cogneu,       come ta il cogneu,       come la il cogneu.\nHe hath nat knowen me,  he hath nat      the,    he hath nat      him.\nIl ne ma pas congneu,   il ne ta pas congneu,    il ne la pas congneu.\nHow hath nat he knowen me, how hath nat he      the,\nCome ne ma il pas cogneu,  come ne ta il pas cogneu,\nTHE PLURELL NOMBRE.\nWe have knowen us,      we      have       you,  we     have      them.\nNous nous auons cogneu, nous uous auons cogneu,  nous les auons cogneu.\nHowe have we knowen us,      how have we        you,\nCome nous auons nous cogneu, come uous auons nous cogneu,\nPage 981\nWe have nat knowen us,            we have nat     you,\nNous ne nous auons pas cogneu,    nous ne nous auons pas cogneu,\nHow have we nat knowen us,           how have we nat you,\nCome ne nous auons nous pas cogneu,  come ne uous auons nous pas cogneu,\nTHE SECONDE PERSONE.\nYe have knowen us,        ye have you,             ye have knowen them.\nUous nous aues cogneu,    uous uous aues cogneu,   uous les aues cogneu.\nHowe have ye knowen us,        have ye you,\nCome nous aues uous cogneu,    come uous aues uous cogneu,\nYe have nat knowen us,           ye have nat you,\nUous ne nous aues pas cogneu,    uous ne uous aues pas cogneu,\nHow have nat you knowen us,          how have nat ye you,\nCome ne nous aues uous pas congneu,  come ne uous aues uous pas congneu,\nTHE THYRDE PERSONE.\nThey have knowen me,    they have you,        they have them.\nIlz me ont cogneu,      ilz te ont cogneu,    ilz les ont cogneu.\nHow have they knowen me,  how have they the,\nCome mont ilz cogneu,     come te ont ilz cogneu,\nThey have nat knowen me,    they have nat you,\nIlz ne mont pas cogneu,     ilz ne tont pas cogneu,\nHow have they nat knowen me,    how have they nat you,\nCome ne mont ilz pas cogneu,    come ne tont ilz pas cogneu,\nTHE PRETERIT PLUS PARFET.\nI had knowen me,    I had the,          I had him.\nJe mauoy cogneu,    je tauoy cogneu,    je lauoy cogneu.\nPage 982\nHow had I knowen  me,  how had I        the,  how had I        him.\nCome mauoy je cogneu,  come tauoy je cogneu,  come lauoy je cogneu.\nI had nat  knowen  me,    I had nat          the,\nJe ne mauoy pas congneu,  je ne tauoy pas cogneu,\nHow had nat I knowen me,      how had nat I          the,\nCome ne mauoy je pas cogneu,  come ne tauoy je pas cogneu,\nTHE SECONCE PERSONE.\nThou hadest knowen me,  thou hadest    the,  thou hadest    him.\nTu  mauoys    cogneu,   tu tauoys cogneu,    tu lauoys congneu.\nHow hadest thou knowen me,  how hadest thou    the,\nCome   mauoys   tu cogneu,  come tauoys  tu cogneu,\nThou hadest nat knowen me,  thou hadest nat       the,\nTu ne  mauoys  pas cogneu,  tu ne  tauoys  pas cogneu,\nHow hadest thou nat knowen me,  how hadest thou nat       the,\nCome ne  mauois tu pas cogneu,  come ne tauoys  tu pas cogneu,\nTHE THYRDE PERSONE.\nHe had knowen  me,   he  had      the,     he  had       him.\nIl mauoit cogneu,    il tauoit cogneu,     il lavoit cogneu.\nHow had he knowen  me,   how had he        the,  how had he        him.\nCome mauoit il cogneu,   come tauoyt il cogneu,  come lauoyt il cogneu.\nHe  had nat knowen  me,   he  had nat        the,\nIl ne mauoit pas cogneu,  il ne tauoyt pas cogneu,\nHow had nat he knowen   me,    how had nat  he         the,\nCome ne mauoyt il pas cogneu,  come ne tauoit il pas cogneu,\nTHE PLURELL NOMBRE.\nWe   had  knowen   us,    we  had            you,\nNous nous auions cogneu,  nous uous auions cogneu,\nHow  had  we  knowen   us,     how  had  we           you,\nCome nous auions nous cogneu,  come uous auions nous cogneu,\nPage 983\nWe had nat knowen us,              we had nat you,\nNous ne nous auions pas cogneu,    nous ne uous auions pas cogneu,\nHowe had nat we knowen us,\nCome ne nous auions nous pas cogneu,\n                 come ne uous auions nous pas cogneu,\nTHE SECONDE PERSONE.\nYe had knowen us,        ye had you,              ye had them.\nUous nous auies cogneu,  uous uous auies cogneu,  uous les auies cogneu.\nHow had ye knowen us,           how had ye you,\nCome nous auies uous cogneu,    come uous auiez nous cogneu,\nYe had nat knowen us,             ye had nat you,\nUous ne nous auies pas cogneu,    uous ne uous auies pas cogneu,\nHow had nat ye knowen me,             how had nat ye you,\nCome ne nous auies uous pas cogneu,   come ne les auies uous pas cogneu,\nTHE THYRDE PERSONE.\nThey had knowen us,         they had you,\nIlz nous auoient cogneu,    ilz uous auoient cogneu,\nHow had they knowen us,          how had they you,\nCome nous auoient ilz cogneu,    come uous auoient ilz cogneu,\nThey had nat knowen us,            they had nat you,\nIlz ne nous auoient pas cogneu,    ilz ne uous auoient pas cogneu,\nHow had they nat knowen us,\nCome ne nous auoient ilz pas congneu,\n                 how had they nat you,\n                 come ne uous auoient ilz pas congneu,\nPage 984\nTHE  FUTURE.\nI shall know me,   I shall       the, I shall       him.\nJe me cognoistray, je te cognoistray, je le cognoistray.\nHow shall I know me,    how shall I        the, how shall I        him.\nCome me cognoistray je, come te cognoistray je, come le cognoistray je.\nI shall nat know me,       I shall nat           the,\nJe ne me congnoistray pas, je ne te congnoistray pas,\nHow shall nat I know me,       how shall nat I           the,\nCome ne me cognoistray je pas, come ne te cognoistray je pas,\nTHE SECONDE PERSONE.\nThou shalt know me, thou shall    the, thou shalt    him.\nTu me cognoistras,  tu te cognoistras, tu le cognoistras.\nHow shalt thou knowe me,  how shalt thou     the,\nCome me cognoistras tu,   come te cognoistras tu,\nThou shalt nat knowe me,  thou shalt nat       the,\nTu ne me cognoistras pas, tu ne te cognoistras pas,\nHow shalt thou nat knowe me,   how shalt thou nat        the,\nCome ne me cognoistras tu pas, come ne te cognoistras tu pas,\nTHE THIRDE PERSONE.\nHe shall know me,    he shall      the,    he shall      him.\nIl me cognoistras,   il te cognoistras,    il le cognoistras.\nHow shall he knowe me, how shall he      the, how shall he      him.\nCome me cognoistra il, come te cognoistra il, come le cognoistra il.\nHe shall nat knowe me,    he shall nat         the,\nIl ne me cognoistras pas, il ne te cognoistras pas,\nHow shall nat he knowe me,    how shall nat he         the,\nCome ne me cognoistra il pas, come ne te cognoistra il pas,\nTHE PLURELL NOMBRE.\nWe shall know us,       we shall           you, we shall        them.\nNous nous cognoistrons, nous uous cognoistrons, nous les cognoistrons.\nPage 985\nHow shall we know us,        how shall we            you,\nCome nous cognoistrons nous, come uous cognoistrons nous,\nWe shall nat knowe us,         we shall nat              you,\nNous ne nous cognoistrons pas, nous ne uous cognoistrons pas,\nHow shall nat we knowe us,          how shall nat we                you,\nCome ne nous cognoistrons nous pas, come ne uous congnoistrons nous pas,\n                                     come ne les congnoistrons nous pas.\nTHE SECONDE PERSONE.\nYe shall  know us,     ye shall          you, ye shall        them.\nUous nous cognoistres, uous uous cognoistres, uous les cognoistres.\nHow shall ye know us,       how shall ye           you,\nCome nous cognoistres uous, come uous cognoistres uous,\nYe shall nat knowe us,        ye shall nat             you,\nUous ne nous cognoistres pas, uous ne uous cognoistres pas,\nHow shall ye nat know us,          how shall ye nat              you,\nCome ne nous cognoistres uous pas, come ne uous cognoistres nous pas,\n                                    come ne les congnoistres uous pas.\nTHE THIRDE PARSONE.\nThey shall know us,    they shall        you, they shall      them.\nIlz nous cognoistront, ilz uous cognoistront, ilz les cognoistront.\nHow shall they know us,     how shall they        you,\nCome nous cognoistront ilz, come uous congnoistront ilz,\nThey shall nat know us,       they shall nat           you,\nIlz ne nous cognoistront pas, ilz ne uous cognoistront pas,\nHow shall they nat know us,        how shall they nat            you,\nCome ne nous cognoistront ilz pas, come ne uous cognoistront ilz pas,\nPage 986\nTHE IMPERATYVE.\nKnow thou,   know he or him, know        we,   know       ye,\nCognoys toi, cognoisse soy,  cognoissons nous, cognoisses uous,\nTHE   FUTURE.\nLoke that thou know the,   that he     himselfe,\nGarde que tu te cognoisse, quil se cognoisse,\nthat ye              you, that they    themselfe.\nque uous uous cognoissez, quilz se  cognoissent.\nTHE FUTUR NEGATYVE.\nDo that thou knoweth nat,  that he knoweth nat, that we knoweth  nat,\nFaitz que tu ne cognoisse, quil ne cognoisse,   que nous ne cognoissons,\nthat ye            nat, that they        nat.\nque uous ne cognoissez, quilz ne cognoissent.\nTHE  OPTATIVE FUTUR.\nI pray you that I  may  knowe,  that thou      know.\nJe uous prie que je congnoisse, que tu congnoisse, etc.\nTHE PRETERIT IMPARFET.\nO yf I  knew,      yf thou,          yf he,\nO se je cogneusse, se tu congneusse, se il cogneusse,\nse nous cogneussions,    se uous cogneussies,  se ilz cogneussent.\nTHE PRETERIT PARFET.\nWith my wyll that I have knowen, that thou hast,    that he hath,\nA ma uoullente que jaye cogneu,  que tu aye cogneu, quil ayt cogneu,\nthat we have,          that ye have,         that they have knowen.\nque nous ayons cogneu, que uous ayez cogneu, quilz ayent cogneu.\nTHE PRETERIT PLUS PARFET.\nWold to God that I had knowen,   that thou hadest,    that he had,\nPleust a Dieu que jeusse cogneu, que tu eusse cogneu, quil eust cogueu,\nthat we had,              that ye had,             that they had knowen.\nque nous eussions cogneu, que uous eussiez cogneu, quilz eussent cogneu.\nPage 987\nThe subjunctive present and thre preterites is lyke the optative,\nputtyng before the verbe, _ueu_, or _come_, etc.\nTHE FYRST FUTURE OF THE CONJUNCTYVE.\nWhan  I  shall  knowe,  thou shall,  he shall know:\nMais que je cognoisse,  que tu,      quil cognoisse;\nwe shall,              ye shall,             they   shall   know.\nque nous cognoissons,  que uous cognoisses,  quilz cognoissent.\nTHE   SECONDE   FUTURE.\nWhan I shulde knowe,   thou shulde,          he shulde:\nQuant je cognoistroye, que tu cognoistrois,  quil cognoistroit:\nwe shulde,               ye shulde,             they  shuld  know.\nque nous cognoistrions,  que uous cognoistriez, quilz cognoistroient.\nTHE INFINITIVE, cognoistre. THE PRETERIT, auoir cogneu.\nTHE GERUNDIF, a cognoistre,\nfor to knowe,    in   knowyng.\npour cognoistre, en cognoissant.\nTHE SUPIN or OVERTHROWEN,  je te souhaite\nknowen.\ncogneu.\nAnd so ende this conjugation.\nHere doth folowe the conjugation of this verbe _am_, the which is as an\n  instrument wherby we do expresse by our wordes all verbes passives,\n    fewe except, and all that we do suffre, the whiche may be turned\n       lyke the verbe precedent, as _je me, je te, je le suis_.\n            But for to eschewe prolixite, we shal tourne\n                    him but VI maner ways in\nJe suis,    pourquoy suis je.\nJe ne suis pas,    come ne suis je pas.\nThou arte,      why art      thou.\nThou art nat,     why         art nat thou.\nTu   nes pas,     pourquoy nes tu pas.\nPage 988\nHe is,  why is he.\nIl est, pourquoy est il.\nHe is nat,   why is he nat.\nIl nest pas, come nest il pas.\nTHE PLURELL NOMBRE.\nWe be,      why be we.\nNous somes, pourquoy  somes nous.\nWe be nat,         why be nat we.\nNous ne somes pas, pourquoy ne somes nous pas.\nYe be,      why be ye.\nUous estes, pourquoy estes uous.\nYe be nat,       why be ye nat.\nUous nestes pas, pourquoy nestes uous pas.\nThey be,  why be they.\nIlz sont, pourquoy sont ilz.\nThey be nat,     why be nat they.\nIlz ne sont pas, pourquoy ne sont ilz pas.\nTHE PRETERIT  IMPARFET.\nNote that the preterit imperfet and perfet have but one exposicion in\nthis verbe.\nI was beyng, why was I.\nJestoie,     pourquoy estoye je.\nI was nat,     why was nat I.\nJe nestoy pas, pourquoy nestoy je pas.\nThou was,  why was thou.\nTu estois, pourquoy estois tu.\nThou was nat,   why was nat thou.\nTu nestois pas, pourquoy nestois tu pas.\nHe was,    why was he,\nIl estoit, pourquoy estoit il.\nHe was nat,     why was nat he.\nIl nestoit pas, pourquoy nestoit il pas.\nTHE PLURELL  NOMBRE.\nWe were,      why were we.\nNous estions, pourquoy estions nous.\nWe were nat,       why were we nat.\nNous nestions pas, pourquoy nestions nous pas.\nPage 989\nYe were,       why were ye.\nUous estiez,   pourquoy estiez uous.\nYe were nat,        why were ye  nat.\nUous nestiez pas,   pourquoy nestiez uous pas.\nThey were,     why were they.\nIlz estoient,  pourquoi estoient ilz.\nThey were nat,        why were they nat.\nIlz nestoient pas,    pourquoy nestoient ilz pas.\nTHE PRETERIT  PARFET.\nI was,     why was  I.\nJe fus,    pourquoy fus je.\nI was nat,         why was nat I.\nJe ne fus point,   pourquoy ne fus je point.\nThou was,      why was thou.\nTu  fus,       pourquoy fus tu.\nThou was nat,     why  was nat thou.\nTu ne fus pas,    pourquoy ne fus tu pas.\nHe was,    why  was  he.\nIl fust,   pourquoy fust il.\nHe was nat,       why was nat he.\nIl  ne fust pas,  pourquoy ne fust il pas.\nTHE PLURELL NOMBRE.\nWe were,      why were we.\nNous fusmes,  pourquoy fusmes nous.\nWe were nat,          why were nat we.\nNous ne fusmes pas,   pourquoy ne fusmes nous pas.\nYe were,      why were ye.\nUous fustes,  pourquoy fustes uous.\nYe were nat,          why were  nat ye.\nUous ne fustes pas,   pourquoy ne fustes uous pas.\nThey were nat,       why were they nat.\nIlz ne furent pas,   pourquoy ne furent ilz pas.\nTHE PRETERIT INDIFINITYF.\nI have ben,  why have I ben.\nJay est\u00e9,    pourquoy ay je est\u00e9.\nI  have nat ben,  why   have   nat I  ben.\nJe nay  pas est\u00e9, pourquoy nay je pas est\u00e9.\nThou hast ben,  why  hast  thou ben.\nTu   as   est\u00e9, pourquoy as tu est\u00e9.\nThou hast nat ben, why hast nat thou ben.\nTu  nas  pas est\u00e9, pourquoy nas tu pas est\u00e9.\nHe hath ben, why hath he ben.\nIl  a  est\u00e9, pourquoy a il est\u00e9.\nHe hath nat ben, why hath nat he ben.\nIl na pas  est\u00e9, pourquoy na il pas est\u00e9.\nTHE   PLURELL   NOMBRE.\nWe   have  ben,  why      have  we   ben.\nNous auons est\u00e9, pourquoy auons nous est\u00e9.\nWe   have   nat ben,  why      have   we   nat ben.\nNous nauons pas est\u00e9, pourquoy nauons nous pas est\u00e9.\nYe   have ben,  why      have ye   ben.\nUous auez est\u00e9, pourquoy au\u00e9s-uous est\u00e9.\nYe   have  nat  ben, why  have  nat  ye ben.\nUous nau\u00e9s pas est\u00e9, pourquoy nau\u00e9s uous pas est\u00e9.\nThey have ben, why      have they ben.\nIlz  ont est\u00e9, pourquoy ont  ilz  est\u00e9.\nThey have nat ben,  why    have nat they ben.\nIlz  nont pas est\u00e9, pourquoy nont ilz pas est\u00e9.\nTHE   PRETERIT  MOST   PARFET.\nI  had ben, why  had  I  ben.\nJauoy est\u00e9, come auoy je est\u00e9.\nI  had    nat ben,  why  had  nat  I  ben.\nJe nauoys pas est\u00e9, come nauoy je pas est\u00e9.\nThou hadest ben, why hadest thou ben.\nTu   auoys est\u00e9, come auois tu est\u00e9.\nThou hadest nat ben, why hadest nat thou ben.\nTu nauois pas est\u00e9,  come nauois tu pas est\u00e9.\nHe had nat ben,     why  had nat he ben.\nIl nauoit pas est\u00e9, come nauoit il pas est\u00e9.\nPage 991\nTHE   PLURELL  NOMBRE.\nNous auions est\u00e9,         pourquoy auions nous est\u00e9.\nNous nauions pas est\u00e9,    pourquoy nauions nous pas est\u00e9.\nUous auiez est\u00e9,    pourquoy auiez uous est\u00e9.\nYe   had  nat    ben,    why         had nat      ye      ben.\nUous nauiez pas est\u00e9,    pourquoy nauiez uous pas est\u00e9.\nThey   had  ben,    why    had   they    ben.\nIls auoient est\u00e9,   come auoient ilz est\u00e9.\nThey   had   nat   ben,       why    had    they    nat    ben.\nIlz nauoient pas est\u00e9,        come nauoient ilz pas est\u00e9.\nTHE   FUTURE.\nI shall be,    why shal I be.\nJe seray,      come seray je.\nI   shall   nat   be,     why   shall   nat I   be.\nJe ne seray pas,          come ne seray je pas.\nThou shalt be,    why shalt thou be.\nTu   seras,       pourquoy seras tu.\nThou shalt nat be,    why  shalt   thou   nat   be.\nTu ne seras pas,      pourquoy ne seras tu pas.\nHe shalbe,    why shall he be.\nIl sera,      pourquoy sera il.\nHe shall nat be,     why   shall   nat    he    be.\nIl  ne sera pas,     pourquoy ne sera il pas.\nTHE   PLURELL   NOMBRE.\nWe    shalbe,       why    shall    we    be.\nNous serons,        pourquoy serons nous.\nWe   shall   nat   be,        why    shall    we    nat    be.\nNous ne serons pas,           pourquoy ne serons nous pas.\nYe    shalbe,      why   shall    ye    be.\nUous seres,        pourquoy seres uous.\nYe   shall   nat   be,        why    shall    nat    ye    be.\nUous ne ser\u00e9s pas,            pourquoy ne ser\u00e9s uous pas.\nPage 992\nThey shall nat be,   why shall nat they be.\nIlz ne seront pas,   pourquoy ne seront ilz pas.\nTHE IMPERATYVE.\nSois toy,   soit il,  soions nous,    soi\u00e9z uous,   soient ilz.\nBOTH THE FUTURES.\nDo that thou be,   that he be,   that we be,        that ye  be,\nFais que tu sois,  quil soyt,    que nous soions,   que uous soyez,\nDo that thou be nat,      that he  be  nat,   that we  be nat,\nFais que tu ne sois pas,  quil ne soit pas,   que nous ne soyons pas,\n                            que uous ne soiez pas,  quilz ne soient pas.\nTHE OPTATYVE.\nI pray you that  I be,      that thou be,   that he be,\nJe uous prie que je soie,   que  tu sois,   quil soit,\nthat we  be,       that ye  be,      that they be.\nque nous soions,   que uous soyez,   quils soyent.\nTHE PRETERIT IMPARFIT.\nWold to God that I were,      that thou,      that he,\nPleust a Dieu que je fusse,   que tu fusse,   quil fusse.\nThat we,              that ye,            that they were.\nQue nous fussions,    que uous fuss\u00e9s,    quilz fussent.\nTHE PRETERIT  PARFET.\nWith my wyll that I have ben,    that thou,          that he,\nA ma uoullent\u00e9 que jaye est\u00e9,    que tu aye est\u00e9,    quil ayt est\u00e9,\nthat we                 that ye,    that they have ben.\nque nous ayons est\u00e9,    que uous ayez est\u00e9,    quilz ayent est\u00e9.\nTHE PRETERIT PLUS PARFYTE.\nOh if I had ben,     if thou haddest ben,   if he,\nO sy jeusse est\u00e9,    se tu eusse est\u00e9,      sil eust est\u00e9,\n   se nous eussons est\u00e9,    se uous eusses est\u00e9,    silz eussent est\u00e9.\nThe conjunctive is both in the present and preterites, lyke the\noptatyve.\nPage 993\nTHE FYRST FUTURE. Mais que soie, que tu sois, quil soit,\nmais que nous soyons,  que uous soy\u00e9z, quilz soient.\nTHE FUTURE BOROWED OF THE POTENCIALL MODE.\nI shulde be, thou shulde be, he shuld be, we shulde be, ye shulde be,\nthey shulde be.\nJe seroye,   tu serois,      il seroit,   nous serions, uous seri\u00e9s,\nilz seroient.\nTHE INFINITYVE, estre.  THE PRETERIT, avoir est\u00e9, GERUNDIF, pour estre,\nin beyng.\nen estant, etc.\nAnd thus finishe this conjugation.\nAlso it is to be noted that there ben certayne answeres bothe in the\naffyrmatyon, and negation of a thyng: as whan one doth say, _I am_: and\nthey may say, _ye be nat_: where he may answere agayne, _I am_: and the\nother grauntyng the same shall say, _so are ye_. And lykewise whan one\ndoth affirme a thyng by way of negation: as whan he doth say, _I am\nnat_, if any wyll deny the same, he shall saye, _ye be_, and if he wyll\ngraunt unto it, he shall saye, _no more are ye_. For example of the\nwhiche I wyll make therof a conjugation full requisyte and necessary to\nthe frenche tonge. But ye shall understande that thre verbes onely shall\nserve you to this purpose: that is to say, _have_, _do_, and _am_: for\nif one say _I am_, ye may say, _ye be nat_: _I have_, _ye have nat_: and\n_I do_, _ye do nat_: the whiche thre ben principall in this rule.\nTHE INDICATIVE OF AFFIRMATION.\nBut I am,             But thou arte,            but he is.\nCe suis mon,          ce es mon,                ce est mon.\nNous sommes,          uous estes,               Ilz sont.\nNon sommes,           non estes,                non sont.\nPage 994\nCe sommes mon,           ce estes mon,          ce sont mon.\nAnd so forth thorow al the tenses and modes of all the tother twayne,\nas:\nI was,     I was nat,    but I was:    so was I.       I sayde,\nJestoye,   non estoye,   sy estoie:    cestoie mon.    Je dysoie,\nI dyd nat,     but I dyd,\nnon faisoie,   sy faisoie,\nso dyd I.         I had,    I had nat,    but I had,   so had I:\nce faisoie mon.   Jauoie,   non auoie,    sy auoie,    ce auoie mon:\nje eus,  non eus:\nI shall have, I shall nat,  but I shall,     so shall I.\njaray,        non aray,     sy aray,         ce aray mon.\nWhich thre wordes shall serve you to any verbes signifieng either\n_doing_ or _suffryng_.\nEXAMPLE FOR NEGATION.\nI am nat:          but I am.       I am nat:     no more I am.\nJe ne suis pas:    sy suis.        non suis:     ce ne suis mon.\nI do nat:          but I do.       I do nat:     no more do I.\nJe ne fay pas:     sy fay.         non fay:      ce ne fay mon.\nI have nat:        but I have.     I have nat:   no more have I.\nJe nay pas:        sy ay.          non ay:       ce nay mon.\nThou hast nat:     but thou hast.  thou hast nat:  no more hast thou.\nTu nas pas:        sy as.          non as:       ce nas mon, etc.\nTouchyng the conjugation interrogative, as,\nSuis je:      fays je:     ay je:      ou non,\nye shall answere, _ouy_, _nenny_, _non_: and to the interrogation\nnegatyve, as,\nAm nat I,         do nat I,        have nat I,\nNe suis je pas,   ne fay je pas,   nai je pas,\nye shal answer as is said before in thexample of the negation, wherfore\nthis is sufficient for this present rule.\nAnother conjugation of these two verbes in latyn _uado_ and _eo_, whiche\nboth verbes of one signifycation signifyeth in englyssh, _I go_, the\nwhich _go_ is defectyve in the frenche tonge, wherfore the tone must\nhelpe the other.\nPage 995\nTHE PRESENT OF THE SHEWYNG MOODE.\nI  go,  why  go I.\nJe uoy, pourquoy uoy je.\nI go nat,        why go nat I.\nJe ne uoy poynt, pourquoy ne uoy je point.\nThou goest, why goest thou.\nTu uas,     pourquoy uas tu.\nThou goest nat, why  goest thou  nat.\nTu ne uas pas,  pourquoy ne uas tu pas.\nHe goeth, why goeth he.\nIl ua,    pourquoy ua il.\nHe goeth nat, why goeth nat he.\nIl ne ua pas, pourquoy ne ua il pas.\nTHE PLURELL NOMBRE.\nNous allons, pourquoy allons nous.\nWe   go   nat,    why  go nat we.\nNous nallons pas, pourquoy nallons nous pas.\nYe go,      why go  ye.\nUous alles, pourquoy alles uous.\nYe go nat,         why    go    nat ye.\nUous nalles point, pourquoy nalles uous point.\nThey go,  why    go they.\nIlz uont, pourquoy uont ilz.\nThey go nat,     why go nat they.\nIlz ne uont mie, pourquoy ne uont ilz mie.\nTHE PRETERIT IMPARFET.\nI dyd go, why dyd I go.\nJallois,  pourquoy allois je.\nI dyd nat go,   why dyd nat I go.\nJe nallois pas, pourquoy nallois je pas.\nThou dydest go, why dydest thou go.\nTu allois,      pourquoy allois tu.\nThou dydest nat go, why dydest thou nat go.\nTu nallois point,   pourquoy nallois tu point.\nPage 996\nHe dyd go,        why dyd he go.\nIl alloit;        pourquoy alloit il.\nHe dyd nat go,     why dyd nat he go.\nIl nalloit pas,    pourquoy nalloit il pas.\nTHE PLURELL NOMBRE.\nWe dyd go,       why  dyd   we  go.\nNous allions,    pourquoy allions nous.\nWe dyd nat go,      why dyd nat we go.\nNous nallions mie,  pourquoy nallions nous mie.\nYe dyd go,       how dyd ye go.\nUous alli\u00e9z,     coment alli\u00e9z uous.\nYe dyd nat go,        how dyd nat ye  go.\nUous nalli\u00e9s point,   coment nalli\u00e9z uous point.\nThey dyd go,    how dyd they go.\nIlz alloient,   come alloient ilz.\nThey dyd nat go,      how dyd they nat go.\nIlz nalloient pas,    come nalloient ilz pas.\nTHE PRETERIT PARFET.\nI went,      how went I.\nJalay,       coment alay je.\nI went nat,      how went nat I.\nJe nallay pas,   coment nallay je pas.\nThou wenst,    how wenst thou.\nTu alas,       come alas tu.\nThou wenst nat,    how wenst nat thou.\nTu nalas mie,      come nalas tu mye.\nHe went,   how went he.\nIl ala,    coment ala il.\nHe went nat,    how went nat he.\nIl nala point,  coment nala il point.\nTHE PLURELL NOMBRE.\nWe went,        how went  we.\nNous alasmes,   come alasmes nous.\nWe went nat,            howe  went we  nat.\nNous nalasmes point,    come nalasmes nous point.\nPage 997\nYe went,      why      went    ye.\nUous alastes, pourquoy alastes uous.\nYe went nat,       why      went     ye   nat.\nUous nalastes pas, pourquoy nalastes uous pas.\nThey went,    why      went    they.\nIlz all\u00e9rent, pourquoy all\u00e9rent ilz.\nThey went nat,     why      went      nat they.\nIlz nall\u00e9rent mie, pourquoy nall\u00e9rent ilz mye.\nTHE PRETERIT INDIFINITIF.\nI have gone, how have I gone.\nJay all\u00e9,    coment ay je all\u00e9.\nI have nat gone, how have nat I gone.\nJe nay pas all\u00e9, coment nay je pas all\u00e9.\nThou hast gone, why hast thou gone.\nTu as all\u00e9,     pourquoy as tu all\u00e9.\nThou hast nat gone, why hast thou nat gone.\nTu nas pas all\u00e9,    pourquoy nas tu pas all\u00e9.\nHe hath gone, why hath he gone.\nIl a all\u00e9,    pourquoy a il all\u00e9.\nHe hath nat gone, why hath nat he gone.\nIl na point all\u00e9, pourquoy na il point all\u00e9.\nTHE PLURELL NOMBRE.\nWe have gone,    why      have  we   gone.\nNous auons all\u00e9, pourquoy auons nous all\u00e9.\nWe have nat gone,     why      have we     nat gone.\nNous nauons pas all\u00e9, pourquoy nauons nous pas all\u00e9.\nYe have gone,   why      have ye   gone.\nUous aues all\u00e9, pourquoy aues uous all\u00e9.\nYe have nat gone,    why   have   nat   ye   gone.\nUous nau\u00e9s pas all\u00e9, pourquoy naues uous pas all\u00e9.\nThey have gone, how have they gone.\nIlz ont all\u00e9,   come ont ilz all\u00e9.\nThey have nat gone, how have they nat gone.\nIlz nont pas all\u00e9,  come nont ilz pas all\u00e9.\nPage 998\nTHE PRETERIT  PLUS PARFET.\nI had gone, how    had   I gone.\nJauoy all\u00e9, coment auoy je all\u00e9.\nI  had   nat   gone, how    had nat   I    gone.\nJe nauoy point all\u00e9, coment nauoy je point all\u00e9.\nThou hadest gone, why  hadest  thou gone.\nTu auois all\u00e9,    pourquoy auois tu all\u00e9.\nThou hadest nat gone, why  hadest  thou  nat   gone.\nTu nauois point all\u00e9, pourquoy nauois tu point all\u00e9.\nHe had gone,   how had he gone.\nIl auoit all\u00e9, come auoit il all\u00e9.\nHe had nat gone,    how had nat he gone.\nIl nauoit pas all\u00e9, come nauoit il pas all\u00e9.\nTHE  PLURELL  NOMBRE.\nWe   had    gone, how    had    we   gone.\nNous auions all\u00e9, coment auions nous all\u00e9.\nWe   had     nat   gone, how    had     we   nat   gone.\nNous nauions point all\u00e9, coment nauions nous point all\u00e9.\nYe   had   gone, why      had   ye   gone.\nUous auiez all\u00e9, pourquoy auiez uous all\u00e9.\nYe   had    nat gone, why      had nat  ye    gone.\nUous nauiez mie all\u00e9, pourquoy nauiez uous mie all\u00e9.\nThey had     gone, why      had     they gone.\nIls  auoient all\u00e9, pourquoy auoyent ilz  all\u00e9.\nThey had      nat   gone, why      had      they nat   gone.\nIlz  nauoient point all\u00e9, pourquoy nauoient ilz  point all\u00e9.\nTHE   FUTURE\nI shall go,  why   shall I go.\nJe yray,     pourquoy yray je.\nI shall nat go, why shall nat I go.\nJe nyray pas,   pourquoy niray je pas.\nThou shalt go, howe shalt thou go.\nTu yras,       coment yras tu.\nThou shalt nat go, howe shalt nat thou go.\nTu niras pas,      coment niras tu pas.\nPage 999\nHe shall go, howe shall he go.\nIl yra,      coment yra il.\nHe shall nat go, howe shall nat he go.\nIl nira point,   comment nyra il point.\nTHE   PLURELL.\nWe shall go, why   shall  we  go.\nNous yrons,  pourquoy yrons nous.\nWe shall nat go, why  shall nat   we  go.\nNous nirons pas, pourquoy nirons nous pas.\nYe shall go, why shall ye go.\nUous yr\u00e9s,   pourquoy yr\u00e9s uous.\nYe shall nat go, why   shall nat  ye go.\nUous nir\u00e9s pas,  pourquoy nir\u00e9s uous pas.\nThey shall go, howe shall they go.\nIlz yront,     coment yront ilz.\nThey shall nat go, howe shall they nat go.\nIlz niront mie,    coment niront ilz mie.\nTHE IMPERATYVE.\nGo thou, go    he,  all   one, go    we,   go ye,\nUa toy,  aylle luy, uoise luy, alons nous, all\u00e9s uous,\ngo they.\nuoisent ou aillent eulx.\nTHE FYRST FUTURE.\nDo that thou go,            that he go,          that we go,\nFais que tu uoyse ou aylle, quil uoise ou aille, que nous allons,\nthat ye go,        that they go.\nque uous all\u00e9s,    quilz uoisent ou aillent.\nTHE SECOND FUTURE NEGATIF.\nKepe that thou  go nat,      all one,               that he go nat,\nGarde que tu ne aylle point, que tu ne uoise point, quil naile poynt,\nall one,             that we go nat,   that ye go nat,\nquil ne uoise point, que nous nallons, que uous nall\u00e9s,\nthat they go nat,          all one.\nquilz ne aillent point,    quilz ne uoisent point.\nTHE OPTATIF.\nWold  to  God, or I pray  you  that  I  go,         that thou go,\nPleust a Dieu, ou je uous prie que jaille ou uoise, que tu aille,\nthat he go,    that we go,      that ye go,     that they go.\nque il aille,  que nous allons, que uous all\u00e9s, quilz aillent\nPage 1000\nTHE PRETERIT IMPARFET.\nWith my wyll that I went,      that thou went,   that he went:\nA ma uoullent\u00e9 que jallasse,   que tu allasse,   que il allast:\nthat we went,         that ye went,          that they went.\nque nous allissions,  que uous allissiez,    quilz allassent.\nTHE PRETERIT PARFET.\nWolde to God that I have gone,       that thou have gone,\nA la mienne uoullent\u00e9 que jay all\u00e9,  que  tu   aie  all\u00e9,\nthat we  have gone,    that ye have  gone,   that they have gone.\nque nous ayons all\u00e9,   que uous ay\u00e9s all\u00e9,   quilz ayent all\u00e9.\nPRETERIT PLUSPARFYTE.\nO if I had gone,    if thou had gone,   if he had gone,\nO sy jeusse all\u00e9,   se tu eusse all\u00e9,   se il eust all\u00e9,\nif we had gone,         if ye had gone,      if they had gone.\nse nous eussons all\u00e9,   se uous s\u00e9s all\u00e9,    se ilz eussent all\u00e9.\nYe may make a future of the present, sayenge:\nWith my wyll that I may go anone, etc.     all  one.\nA ma uoullent\u00e9 que je aylle tantost, etc.  que je uoise tantost, etc.\nThe conjunctif present and thre preterites is lyke the optatif, sayeng:\n_come_ or _quant_, before the verbe, leuyng _a ma uoullent\u00e9, _etc.\nThe future boroweth of the potentiall moode whiche may be tourned six\nmaner of wayes after the indicatif, or elles XVIII, after the seconde\nconjunction:\nI shuld go,    thou,       he,         we shuld go,   ye shuld go,\nJe yroie,      tu yrois,   il yroit,   nous yrions,   uous yriez,\nTHE SECONDE FUTURE.\nWhan I shall go,     all one,       whan thou shalt go, all one,\nMais que je aille,   que je uoise,  que tu aille,       que tu uoise,\nall one,      whan we shuld go,   whan ye shall go,   whan they shal go,\nquil uoise,   que nous allons,    que uous all\u00e9s,     quilz aillent,\nTHE INFINITYVE, aller.  THE PRETERIT, estre all\u00e9.  THE GERUNDIF, allant.\nFinis.\nPage 1001\nHere foloweth another conjugation, whiche may be turned\n XXXVI maner wayes lyke the precedent, or els XII in every\n   person, addyng _me, te, le:_ lyke the fyrst conjugation,\n              but for to eschewe prolixite\nI se,   thou seest, he seeth, we se,      ye se,      they se.\nJe uoy, tu uois,    il uoit   nous ueons, uous uoiez, ilz uoient.\nPRETERIT   IMPARF.\nI dyd se,   thou dedest se,   he dyd se:   we dyd se,    ye dyd se,\nJe u\u00e9oie,   tu u\u00e9ois,         il u\u00e9oit:    nous u\u00e9ions,  uous u\u00e9iez,\nPRETERIT  PARF.\nI saw,   thou saw, he saw:   we saw,       ye saw,       they saw.\nJe ueis, tu ueis,  il ueist: nous ueismes, uous ueistes, ilz ueirent.\nPRETERIT INDIFFINIT.\nI have sene, thou hast sene,  he hath sene:  we have sene,\nJay ueu,     tu as ueu,       il a ueu:      nous auons ueu,\nye have sene,   they have sene.\nuous au\u00e9s ueu,  ilz ont ueu.\nPRETERIT  MOST PARFET.\nI had sene,  thou hadest,      he had,        we had sene,\nJauoie ueu,  tu auois ueu,     il auoit ueu,  nous auions ueu,\nye had,         they had sene.\nuous auiez ueu, ilz auoient ueu.\nTHE FUTURE.\nI shall se, thou shalt, he shall,  we shall se,   ye shall,\nJe uoiray,  tu uoiras,  il uoira,  nous uoirons,  uous uoir\u00e9s,\nthey shall se.\nilz  uoiront.\nTHE IMPERATIF.\nSe thou or he,    se we,        se ye,       se they.\nUois toy ou luy,  uoions nous,  uoi\u00e9s uous,  uoient eulx, elles, celles.\nBOTH FUTURES, AFFIRMATIF AND NEGATIF.\nDo that thou seest, or that thou sest nat,\nFais que tu uoie, ou que tu ne uoie point,\nthat we  se, or that we  se nat,\nque nous uoions, ou que nous ne uoions point,\n               that ye se or that ye  se nat,\n               que uous uoi\u00e9z ou que uous ne uoiez point,\n                               that they se, or that they seeth nat.\n                               quilz uoient, ou quelles ne uoient point.\nPage 1002\nTHE OPTATIF PRESENT.\nWolde to God,          or I pray you that I may se,  that thou mayst se,\nA la mienne uoullent\u00e9, ou je uous prie que je uoie,  que tu uoie,\nthat he may se, that we may se,    that ye may se,   that they may se.\nquil uoie,      que nous uoions,   que uous uoiez,   quilz uoient.\nPRETERIT IMPARFET.\nWold to God that I coud se,   that thou,       that he,\nPleust a Dieu que je ueisse,  que tu ueisse,   quil ueisse,\nthat we coude se,   that ye,             that they.\nque nous ueissions, que uous ueissiez,   quilz ueissent.\nPRETERIT  PARFYTE.\nWith my wyll that I have sene,   that thou,        that he,\nA ma uoullent\u00e9 que jaie ueu,     que tu aie ueu,   quil aie ueu,\nthat we have sene,   that ye,             that they.\nque nous aions ueu,  que uous ai\u00e9z ueu,   quilz aient ueu.\nPLUSPARF.\nO if I had sene,   if thou hadest,      if he had sene,\nO se jeusse ueu,   se tu eusse ueu,     sil eusse ueu,\nyf we had,         yf ye had,           if they had sene.\nse nous eussions,  se uous eussiez,     silz eussent ueu.\nThe subjunctif is lyke the optatif.\nThe fyrste future of the subjunctyve is:\nI shulde,\nJe uoiroie,  uoirois, uoiroit, uoirions, uoiri\u00e9z, uoiroient.\nTHE SECONDE FUTUR: mais que je uoie, que tu uoie, quil uoie: que nous\nque uous uoi\u00e9s,    quilz uoient.\nTHE INFINITIF: ueoir.   PRETERIT: auoir ueu,     uoiant.\nAnother conjugation upon _howe do you_, and _how do ye fare_: and if ye\ndo take the verbe after the fyrst conjugation, sayeng: _je porte, porte\nje, pourquoy porte je, etc._ and lykewise of _je fay, fay je, etc._ ye\nshal tourne it XXXVI wayes in one tense, and if ye turne it after the\nseconde conjugacion, ye\nPage 1003\nshall have an hundred and VIII wayes in one tense, addyng to it _me, te,\nle, nous nous, uous uous, ilz se_.\nHowe do I fare, or beare me,   how dost thou fare, or bere the,\nComent me porte je,            coment te porte tu,\nhowe dothe he fare:            howe do we fare,\ncoment se porte il:            coment nous portons nous,\nhowe do ye fare,               howe do they fare,\ncoment uous port\u00e9s uous,       coment se portent ilz.\nTHE PRETERIT IMPARFET.\nHowe dyd I,            howe dedest thou,      howe dyd he,\nComent me portoy je,   coment te portois tu,   coment se portoit il,\nhowe dyd we bere us,        how dyd ye,\ncoment nous portions nous,  coment uous portiez uous,\nhowe dyd they.\ncoment se portoient ilz.\nTHE PRETERIT PARFET.\nHowe dyd I,          howe dedest thou,\nCome me portay je,   coment te portas tu,\nhowe dyd he,         howe dyd we beare us,\ncoment se porta il,  coment nous portasmes nous,\nhow dyd ye beare you,        how dyd they beare them.\ncoment uous portaste uous,   coment se port\u00e9rent ilz.\nTHE   PRETERIT   INDIFINITIF.\nHowe have I borne me,  howe have I,\nComent may je port\u00e9,   coment tay je port\u00e9,\nhowe hath he,            howe have we borne us,\ncoment sa il port\u00e9,      coment nous auons nous port\u00e9,\nhowe have ye borne you,        howe have they borne them.\ncoment uous au\u00e9s uous port\u00e9,   coment se sont ilz port\u00e9.\nTHE PRETERIT MOST PARFYTE.\nHowe had I borne me,     howe hadest thou,\nComent mauoy je port\u00e9,   coment tauois tu port\u00e9,\nhowe had he borne him,      howe had we borne us,\ncoment se auoit il port\u00e9,   coment nous auions nous port\u00e9,\nhowe had ye borne you,           howe had they borne them,\n  coment uous aui\u00e9z uous port\u00e9,  coment se auoient ilz port\u00e9.\nTHE FUTURE.\nHowe shall I beare me,   howe shalt thou bere the,\nComent me porteray je,   coment te porteras tu,\nhowe shall he beare hym:   howe shall we beare us,\ncoment se portera il:      coment nous porterons nous,\nhowe shall you beare you,    howe shall they beare them.\ncoment uous porter\u00e9s uous,   coment se porteront ilz.\nThe imperatyve, optatyve, and conjunctyve may nat serve with this\nPage 1004\nworde, _coment_, save onely the future of the potentiall mode, whiche\nis:\nI shulde beare,  thou shuldest,   he shulde,\nPorteroie,       porterois,       porteroit,\nwe shulde bere,   ye shuld,   they shulde bere.\nporterions,       porteriez,  porteroient.\nAnd if ye wyll go thorowe the sayd modes, ye shall folowe the\ntermination of this verbe, _I go_, whiche is sette before.\nAnd touchyng, _howe do you_, ye shall ever put _le_ before the verbe,\nsayeng:\nHowe do I,          howe dost thou,      howe dothe he,\nComent le fay je,   coment le fais tu,   coment le fait il,\nhowe do we,           do ye,         do they.\ncoment faisons nous,  faictes uous,  font ilz ou elles.\nAnd lykewise of all the preterites, sayeng:\nHowe dyd I, etc.            howe dyd I,          howe have I done,\nComent le faisoi je, etc.   coment le feiz je,   coment lay je fait,\nhowe had I done,        howe shall I do,      howe shulde I do, etc.\ncoment lauoy je fait,   coment le feray je,   coment le feroy je, etc.\nFinis.\nHere foloweth the conjugation of a verbe defectyve in frenche, whiche is\n_I am wont_, because it is a verbe rare and syldome used.\nI am wont,   thou art,   he is wont,   we be wonte,    ye be wonte,\nJe seulz,    tu seulz,   il seult,     nous seulmes,   uous seultes,\nthey be wonte.\nilz seulent.\nTHE PRETERIT IMPARFET.\nJe soulloie,  tu soullois,  il soulloit:  nous soulions,  uous souliez,\nthey.\nilz souloient.\nI was,\nJe seulz, tu seulz, il seult, nous seulmes, uous seultes, ilz seulrent.\nThere is nomore of this verbe, for if we procede any further, _we do\nsay_:\nI have,               I had customed,          I shall custome.\n_je ay de coustume,   jauoy de coustume_, and _jaray de coustume,_\nand so forth.\nAnoder verbe defectif which is, _it is lawful to me_; this verbe may be\nturned XXXVI wayes, accordyng to the fyrst conjugation.\nIt is to me laufull,  it is to the,  it is to him,  it is to us,\nIl me loise,          il te loise,   il luy loise,  il nous,\nit is to you, it is to them laufull.\nil uous,      il leur loise.\nPage 1005\nPRETERIT IMPARFET.\nIt was to me laufull,   to the,  to him laufull,\nIl me loisoit,          il te,   il luy loisoit,\nto us,   to you,   to them laufull or licite.\nil nous, il uous,  ilz leur loisoit.\nPRETERIT PARFET.\nIt was,\nIl me loisit, il te, il luy loisit: il nous, il uous, ilz leur loisit.\nTHE INDIFFINITIF.\nIt hath ben to me laufull,  to the,     to him,\nIl ma est\u00e9 loisible,        il ta est\u00e9, il luy a,\nto us,       to you,     to them laufull, or behovable.\nil nous a,   il uous a,  ilz leur a est\u00e9 loisible.\nTHE PLUS PARFET.\nIt had ben to me, or els it had behoved me.\nIl mauoit est\u00e9 loisible, il tauoit est\u00e9 loisible,\n il luy auoit est\u00e9 loisible,\nil nous, il uous,  ilz leur auoit est\u00e9 loisible.\nTHE FUTURE is: Il me loysera, ou il me sera loisyble.\nTHE FUTURE OF THE IMPERATIF, whiche is negatif is:\n             That it were to me laufull.\nTHE OPTATIF. Quil me fust loisible.\nTHE PRETERIT IMPARFET. Quil me loisisse.\n            That it have ben to me,  that it have ben to him.\nTHE PARFET. Quil maie est\u00e9,          quil luy ayt est\u00e9 loysible,\n   and so forth.\n                 That it had ben to me laufull.\nTHE PLUS PARFET. Quil meust  est\u00e9  loysible.\nTHE SUBJUNCTIF, is lyke the optatyve, taking the present for the seconde\nfuture.\n                   How it shulde be laufull to me,\nTHE FYRST FUTURE.  Come il me loiseroit,           come il te loyseroit,\ncome il luy loyseroit, come ilz nous loiseroit,   come ilz uous\nloiseroit,   come ilz leur loiseroit.\nFinis.\nA conjugation of this verbe _care_, which for the most parte is\nnegatyve, as _I care nat_, and if ye wyll adde this worde _it_ unto the\nsame, sayeng: _I care nat for it_: ye shall put an _n_ after every\npronoun, as: _il ne men chault, il ne ten, il ne luy en, il ne nous en,\nil ne uous en, il ne leur en chault_.\nI care nat,       thou carest nat,  he\nIl ne me chault,  il ne te chault,  il ne luy:\nil ne nous,   il ne uous,  ilz ne leur chault.\nPage 1006\nPRETERIT   IMPARFYTE.\nI dyd nat care,\nIl ne me,      il ne te, il ne luy chaloit,\nilz ne nous, ilz ne uous, ilz ne leur chaloit.\nPRETERIT   PERFECT.\nI  cared nat,\nIl ne me,    il ne te,   il ne luy chalut,  ilz ne nous, ilz ne vous,\nilz ne leur chalut.\nTHE   PRETERIT   INDIFFINITIF.\nI  have nat cared.\nIl ne ma chalu, etc.\nPRETERIT   PLUS   PERFET.\nI had nat cared.\nIl ne mauoit,    il ne tauoit,    il ne luy auoit,    ilz ne nous,\nilz ne uous,    ilz ne leur avoit chalu.\nTHE   FUTURE.\nI  shall nat care.\nIl ne me chauldra,   il ne te,  il ne luy,  ilz ne nous,  ilz ne uous,\nilz ne leur chauldra.\nIMPERATIFE.\nCare thou nat, him,            care we nat, care ye,  care they nat.\nNe te,         ne luy chaille, ne nous,     ne uous,  ne leur chaille.\nBOTH   FUTURES.\nSe that thou care,       that thou care nat.  Se  we   that  we  care,\nGarde quil te chaille,   quil ne te chaille.  Gardons quil nous chaille,\nthat we nat  care.      Se  ye  that  ye   care,   that  ye   nat care.\nquil ne nous chaille.   Gard\u00e9s quil uous chaille,  quil ne vous chaille.\nLet them se that they care, that they nat care.\nGardent quil leur chaille,  quil ne leur chaille.\nOPTATIF.\nWith my wyll that I care,         that thou care,    that he care,\nA ma uoullent\u00e9 quil me chaille,   quil te chaille,   quil luy chaille,\nthat we care,         that ye care,         that they care.\nquil nous chaille,    quil uous chaille,    quil leur chaille.\nTHE   IMPARFET.\nWold to God that I care,         that thou,         that he,\nPleust a Dieu quil me chalusse,  quil te chalusse,  quil luy chalusse,\nthat we,              that ye,               that they care.\nquil nous chalusse,   quil uous chalusse,    quil leur chalusse.\nPage 1007\nPRETERIT   PARFET.\nWith my wyll that I have,       that thou hast,   that he hath care:\nA ma uoullent\u00e9 quil maie chalu, quil taie chalu,  quil luy ayt chalu:\nthat we,   that ye,    that they have care.\nquil nous, quil uous,  quil leur ayt chalu.\nTHE  PRETERIT PLUS  PARFET.\nO if I had care,  if thou hadest,  if he had care,\nO sil me eust,    sil teust,       sil luy eust chalu.\nif we,     if ye,     if they had care.\nsil nous,  sil uous,  sil leur eust chalu.\nThe futur is lyke the present as:\nI praye to God that I care nat,      or that I care.\nJe prie a Dieu quil ne me chaille,   ou quil me chaille.\nThe subjunctif is lyke the optatif.\n             Whan I shall care.\nTHE FUTURE:  Mais quil me chaille, and so forth.\n                    I shulde nat care,    thou shuld nat care,\nTHE SECONDE FUTURE: Il ne me chauldroit,  il ne te chauldroit,\nhe shuld nat care.\nil ne luy chauldroit, etc.\n                 It maketh no matter, or it skylleth nat.\nTHE INFINITIVE:  Il ne peult chaloir.\nNote that if ye leve this worde, _ne_, whiche is before every pronowne,\nit is affirmative, and if ye do put it unto the sayd pronowne it is\nnegative.\nAnother conjugation of two verbes together, that is to say, _I serche_\nin englishe, and because I wyll eschewe prolixite, I wyll touche but the\nsynguler nombre of every tense.\nJe cerche,  je quiers,  tu cerche, tu quiers,  il cerche, il quiers,\nnous cerchons, nous quierons,  uous cerch\u00e9s, uous quieres,\nthey\nilz cerchent, ilz quierent.\nPRETERIT IMPARFET.\nI dyd seke, or serche.\nJe cerchoie, ou querois.\nTHE PRETERIT PARFET.    Je cerchay, ou quis.\nPage 1008\nTHE PRETERIT INDIFFINITIF.    Jay cerch\u00e9, ou quis.\nTHE PRETERIT PLUS PARFET.     Jauoie cerch\u00e9, ou quis.\n               I shall serche.\nTHE FUTURE.    Je cercheray, ou quereray.\n                 Seke thou,   or seke the,   seke we,\nTHE IMPERATIVE.  Cerche toy,  ou quiers toy, querons nous,\nseke ye,                seke they.\nquer\u00e9s uous, cerches,   quierent eulz,  cerchent eulz.\n             Se that thou seke,      that thou serche.\nTHE FUTURE.  Garde que tu cerche,    que tu quiere.\n                   Loke that thou serche nat.\nTHE SECOND FUTUR.  Garde que ne cerche, ou quiere.\n              With my wyll,  that I serche or seke.\nTHE OPTATIF.  A ma uoullent\u00e9, que je cerche ou quiere.\n                    Wold to God that I dyd serche.\nPRETERIT IMPARFET.  Pleust a Dieu que je cerchasse, pleust a Dieu que\n                      With my wyll that I have sought.\nTHE PRETERIT PARFET.  A ma uoullent\u00e9 que jaie cerch\u00e9 ou quis.\nTHE PRETERIT PLUS PARFET. O se jeusse cerch\u00e9 ou quis,  se tu eusse,\nif he had, etc.\nsil eust, etc.\nThe subjunctif is lyke the optatif, with his thre preterites.\n                   Whan I shall serche,\nTHE FYRST FUTURE.  Mais que je cerche, ou quiere.\nTHE SECONDE FUTURE. Je cercheroie, ou quereroie, quererois, roit,\nrions,  ri\u00e9z, roient.\n                To seke and to serche.\nTHE INFINITIF.  Cercher et querir.\nNote that this conjugation may be turned six and thirty maner wayes\nafter the fyrst sayenge:  je cerche, cerche je: pourquoy cerche je,\nI seke nat,       seke nat I,       why seke nat I.\nje ne cerche pas, ne cerche je pas, pourquoy ne cerche je pas,_ etc.\n or elles an hondred and\nVIII wayes in one tense, sayeng after the II conjugation: _je me quiers,\nI seke the,   I seke him\nje te quiers, je le quiers , and so forth, turninge it with the\nquestions. (Loke upon the seconde conjugation.)\nPage 1009\nA conjugation of a verbe that must be pronounced with double ll,\naccordyng to the seventh rule that is immediatly after the prologue\nwhiche shalbe a patron and example for all suche verbes, the which\nconjugation may be turned syx and thirty wayes after the fyrste, or an\nhundred and VIII after the seconde.\nThe verbes ben  je mengenoulle,  je broulle,  je toulle,  je moulle,\nmake foule, I  stare\nje soulle,  je roulle, je catoulle,  je fatroulle,  je barboulle,\nI   cut,   I  gyve,   I  gape,    I rayle.\nje talle,  je balle,  je baslle,  je ralle,  and suche lyke.\nI knele,         thou knele,       he knele:\nJe mengenoulle,  tu tengenoulle,   il sengenoulle:\nwe        knele,        you       knele,         they knele.\nnous nous engenoullons, uous uous engenoull\u00e9s,   ilz sengenoullent.\nTHE PRETERIT IMPARFET.\nJe mengenoulloie,  tu tengenoullois,  il sengenoulloit,\nnous nous engenoullions, uous uous engenoulliez,  ilz sengenoulloient.\nTHE PRETERIT PARFET.\nJe mengenoullay,   tu tengenoullas,   il sengenoulla,\nnous nous engenoullames, uous uous engenoullates,  ilz sengenoullerent.\nPRETERIT  INDIFFINITIF.\nI have kneled,       thou hast kneled,    he hath,\nJe may engenoull\u00e9,   tu tas engenoull\u00e9,   il sa engenoull\u00e9,\nnous nous auons engenoull\u00e9, uous uous aues engenoull\u00e9,\nthey.\nilz se sont engenoull\u00e9.\nTHE PRETERIT PLUS PARFET.\nJe mauoie engenoull\u00e9, tu te auois engenoull\u00e9, il se auoit engenoull\u00e9,\nnous nous auions engenoull\u00e9s,   uous uous auiez engenoull\u00e9,\nthey.\nilz se auoient engenoull\u00e9s.\nPage 1010\nTHE FUTURE.\nJe mengenoulleray,   tu tengenoulleras,   il sengenoullera,\nnous nous engenoullerons, uous uous engenouller\u00e9s,  ilz sengenoulleront.\nTHIMPERATIF.\nKnele  thou  or he,      knele        we,     knele       ye,\nEngenoulle toy ou soy,   engenoullons nous,   engenoull\u00e9s uous,\nlet them knele.\nquilz sengenoullent.\nBOTH FUTURS NEGATIF AND AFFIRMATIF.\nSe that thou knele,        that thou knele       nat,  that he knele,\nGarde que tu tengenoulle,  que tu ne tengenoulle pas,  quil sengenoulle,\nthat he  knele       nat.  That we  knele,\nquil ne  sengenoulle pas.  Que nous nous engenoullons,\nthat we          knele        nat,  that ye do knele,\nque nous ne nous engenoullons pas,  que uous uous engenoull\u00e9s,\nye  do nat  knele.                  Do that they knele,\nque uous ne uous engenoull\u00e9s pas.   Faictes quilz sengenoullent,\ndo that  they knele nat.\nfaictes quilz ne sengenoullent pas.\nTHE  OPTATIF.\nWith  my  wyll,         or  I  pray  you   that  I  may  knele,\nA la mienne uoullent\u00e9,  ou je uous prie que je mengenoulle,\nthat  thou,             he or she,\nque tu tengenoulle,     quil ou quelle sengenoulle,\nque nous nous engenoullons,    que uous uous engenoull\u00e9z,\nthey.\nquilz ou quelles sengenoullent.\nTHE PRETERIT IMPARFET.\nWold to God that I dyd knele,       that,\nPleust a Dieu que mengenoullasse,   que tu tengenoullasse,\nquil ou quelle sengenoullast,  que nous engenoullissions,\nque uous uous engenoullissi\u00e9z,   quilz ou quelles sengenoullassent.\nTHE PRETERIT PARFET.\n               That I have kneled,    that thou,\nA ma uoullent\u00e9 que maie engenoull\u00e9,   que taie engenoull\u00e9,\nque laie engenoull\u00e9,       que nous aions engenoull\u00e9s,\nque uous ai\u00e9s engenoull\u00e9s,  quilz se aient engenoull\u00e9s.\nPage 1011\nTHE   PRETERIT   PLUSPARFET.\nO and I had kneled,          if thou hadest,\nO se je meusse engenoull\u00e9,   se tu te eusse engenoull\u00e9,\nse il se eust engenoull\u00e9,  se nous nous eussions engenoull\u00e9s,\nse uous uous euss\u00e9s engenoull\u00e9s,   silz se eussent engenoull\u00e9s.\nThe subjunctif is lyke the optatif, saieng _come_ or _quant_ before the\nverbe.\n      THE FYRST FUTURE.\nWhan I shall knele,        thou,                 he,\nMais que je mengenoulle,   que tu tengenoulle,   quil sengenoulle:\nmais que nous nous engenoullons,  que uous uous engenoull\u00e9s,\nwhan they.\nquilz sengenoullent.\nTHE  SECONDE FUTURE.\nJe mengenoulleroie,   tu tengenoullerois,   il sengenoulleroit,\nnous nous engenoullerions,  uous uous engenoulleri\u00e9z,\nthey.\nilz sengenoulleroient.\nTHE INFINITIF. Engenouller.  THE PRETERIT. Auoir engenoull\u00e9.\nTHE GERUNDIF. Pour\nmengenoull\u00e9r, de mengenoull\u00e9r, en mengenoullant.\nTHE OVERTHROWEN OF SUPIN.  Je te souhaite engenoull\u00e9.\nAnd lyke wyse of all the other verbes above rehersed.\nFinis.\nA conjugacion combinyng or joynyng two verbes togyder, that is to say\n_I am_ and _I do_, takynge the present onely, in eschewyng prolyxite.\nWhan I am at scole,      I do my deuer       to lerne  my lesson.\nQuant je suis a lescole, je fais mon debuoir daprendre ma lesson,\nWhan thou art at scole, thou doest thy  deuer to lerne  thy lesson.\nQuant tu es a lescole,  tu  fais ton debuoir  daprendre ta lesson,\nWhan he is at scole,    he doeth his dever  to lerne his lesson.\nQuant il est a lescole, il fait son debuoir daprendre sa lesson.\nPage 1012\nWhan   we be      at scole,   we     do      our  dever  to lerne our.\nQuant nous sommes a lescolle, nous faisons nostre deuoir daprendre\nWhan ye   be   at   scole,    ye     do   your   dever  to lerne  your.\nQuant uous estes a lescole,  uous festes uostre deuoir dapprendre\nWhan they   be at scole,   they do  theyr dever  to lerne theyr.\nQuant ilz sont a lescolle, ilz font leur deuoir dapprendre leur lecon.\nAnd so forth thorow al the conjugation of _I am_, above written, and of\nthis verbe _I do_, whiche is in the preterit imparfet _je faisoie_.\nPARFET. Je feis.\nTHE PRETERIT INDIFINITIF.   Jay fait.\nPLUS PARFET.    Jauoie fait.\nTHE FUTURE.    Je feray.\nTHE IMPERATIF.  Faitz.\n             Loke that thou do.\nTHE FUTURE.  Garde que tu face.\nTHE OPTATIF.  Que je face.\nIMPARFET.  Que je feisse.\nTHE PRETERIT PARFET.  Que jaye faict.\nPLUS PARFET.    Que jeusse fait.\nTHE SUBJUNCTYF. Whan I shall do lyke the optatyf.\nTHE FIRST FUTURE.  Mais que je face.\nTHE SECONDE.  Je feroye, rois, roit: ferions, ri\u00e9z, roient.\nTHE INFINITIF.  Faire.\nPRETERIT.    Auoir fait.\nPage 1013\nGERUNDIF.    En faisant,  a faire,   pour faire.\nTHE OVERTHROWEN.    To be done.\nLE RENUERSE.        Estre fait.\nNote that for to lerne frenche quickely, ye must turne the sayd\nconjugation iiii maners of wayes, tat is to say affirmatyve, and\ninterrogatyve, and negatyve, and interrogatyve, as it hath ben plainly\nshewed here before.\nFinis.\nAnother conjugation by way of combination lyke the tother before\nrehersed. And fyrst of the present.\nWhan I repute me vile and unclene,           by humilite,  I am clene\nQuant je me repute uil et ord, uile et orde, par humilit\u00e9, je suis\nand pure                    by goodnes.\nnect et pur, necte etpure,  par bont\u00e9.\nWhan thou repute the,                        by goodnes, thou art,\nQuant tu te repute uil et ord, uile et orde, par bont\u00e9,  tu es nect\net pur, necte et pure, par humilit\u00e9.\nQuant il se repute uil et ord, uile et orde, par bont\u00e9, il est\npur et nect, pure et necte, par humilit\u00e9.\nWhan we us repute,\nQuant nous nous reputons uilz et ordz, uiles et ordes, par humilit\u00e9,\nwe be\nnous sommes purs et nectz par bont\u00e9.\nWhan ye you repute,\nQuant uous uous reputez uilz et ordz, uiles et ordes, par humilit\u00e9,\nye be\nuous estes purs et nectz, etc. par bont\u00e9.\nQuant ilz ou elles se reputent uilz et ordz, uiles et ordes, par\nmekenes,    they\nhumilit\u00e9, ilz ou elles sont purs et nectz, pures et nectes, par bont\u00e9.\nAnd so forth unto the imperatif, makyng other verbes by patron of the\nsame.\nAlso another conjugation with two verbes togeder every of them twyse\nrehersed, and the verbe repeted ever in the preterit parfet, and the\nfyrst and last goyng through all the modes and tenses: the whiche ben\nthus. _Whan I se that I never saw, I thinke that I never thought._\nWhan I se that whiche I never saw,  I  thinke that I never  thought.\nQuant je uoy ce que ne ueis jamais, je pense ce que ne pensay oncques.\nPage 1014\nWhan thou seest that that thou,         thou.\nQuant tu uois ce que tu ne ueis jamais, tu pense ce que ne pensas\nWhan he seth,                          he thinke that.\nQuant il uoit ce quil ne ueist jamais, il pense ce quil ne pensa\nQuant nous uoions ce que nous ne ueismes jamais, nous pensons ce que ne\nWhan  ye  se  that that ye never sawe,     ye.\nQuant uous uoyez ce que ne ueistes jamais, uous penses ce que ne\nQuant ilz uoient ce quilz ne ueisent jamais, ilz pensent ce que ne\nAnd so through till the imperatif, than ye may turne the verbes if ye\nlyste, sayeng: \u00abWhan I thinke that I never thought, I se that I never\nsawe; _Quant je pense ce que ne pensay jamais, je uoy ce que ne ueis\noncques_,\u00bb and so forth.\nAnother conjugation joynynge two verbes together.\nWhan I am ydell, I    worke     nat,  whan    I  worke,  I am nat ydell.\nQuant je chomme, je ne besongne pas, quant je besongne, je ne chomme\nWhan thou art ydell, thou  workest  nat: whan thou workest, thou art nat\nQuant   tu   chomme, tu ne besongne pas: quant tu besongne, tu ne chomme\nWhan he or she is ydell, he  or  she  worketh nat: whan he or she\nQuant il ou elle chome, il ou elle ne besongne pas: quand il ou elle\ndoeth worke, he or she   is   nat  ydell.\nbesongne, il ou elle ne chomme pas.\nWhan  we be    ydel,           we do   nat  worke:    whan   we  worke,\nQuant nous chommons, nous ne  besongnons pas: quant nous besongnons,\nwe be nat ydel.\nnous ne chomons pas.\nWhan  ye  be  ydel,    ye    worke    nat:  whan   ye    worked, ye\nQuant uous chomm\u00e9s, uous ne besongn\u00e9s pas: quant uous besongn\u00e9s, uous\nbe nat ydel.\nne chom\u00e9s pas.\nWhan     they   ben    ydel,          they    worke    nat:  whan  they\nQuant ilz ou elles chomment, ilz ou elles ne besongnent pas: quant ilz\nou elles besongnent, ilz ou elles ne chomment pas.\nAnd so forth till the imperatif, saieng in the preterit imparfet:\nI was ydel,\n_chomoie_,\nPage 1015\nbesongnoie, etc.; in the parfet: chommay, besongnay; the\n             whan I had ben ydel, I had nat worked.\nindifinitif: quant jay_ chomm\u00e9,  je nay pas besongn\u00e9,  the plus parfet:\nwhan I had ben ydel, I had nat worked.\nquant jauoie chom\u00e9, je nauoie pas besongn\u00e9;  the future:\nwhan I shalbe ydel, I shall nat worke.\nquant je chommeray, je ne besongneray pas.\nAnother conjugation accordynge to the precedent.\nWhan I am possessed,            I have good earnes: whan  I  have  non\nQuant je suis nantis ou nantie, jay  bonnes  arres: quant je nay nulles\nearnes, I am nat possessed.\narres, je ne suis point nantie.\nWhan thou art possessed, thou hast good earnes: whan thou hast non\nQuant  tu  es    nantis, tu  as  bonnes  arres: quant tu nas nulles\nearnes, thou art nat possessed.\narres, tu nes point nantis.\nWhan he hath good earnes, he is:         whan  he  is nat possessed, he\nQuant  il a bonnes arres, il est nantis: quant il nest point nantis, il\nhath none earnes.\nna nulles arres.\nWhan  we  be   possessed, we   have  good  earnes: whan we have\nQuant nous sommes nantis, nous auons bonnes arres: quant nous auons\ngood earnes,  we be possessed.\nbonnes arres,  nous sommes nantis.\nWhan  ye be,             ye   have good:         whan  ye   have,\nQuant uous estes nantis, uous aues bonnes arres: quant uous aues\nye be.\nbonnes arres, uous estes nantis.\nWhan  they be,          they have,             whan  they have,\nQuant ilz  sont nantis, ilz  ont bonnes arres: quant ilz  ont\nbonnes arres, ilz sont nantis.\nAnd so forth after the verbe,_ je suis,_ sayeng in the preterit\nimparfet,\nwhan I was\nquant jestois, etc. (Loke above.)\nI understande,       thou understande,       he or she understandeth,\nJentens, je mentens: tu entens, tu tentens:  il ou elle sentend,\nwe us understande,    ye understande you,  they understande.\nnous nous entendons,  uous uous entendes,  ilz ou elles sentendent.\nTHE INTERROGATYVE.\nUnderstand I me, understande thou, understande he or she: understande\nMentens je,      tentens     tu,   sentend   il ou elle: nous entendons\nwe us,  understande ye you,     understande they them.\nnous,  uous entendes uous,     sentendent ilz ou elles.\nPage 1016\nTHE NEGATYVE.\nI understande nat me,  thou understande nat the,\nJe ne mentens pas,     tu  ne  tentens  pas,\nhe or she understande nat him;   we do nat understande us,\nil ou elle ne sentend pas:       nous ne nous entendons pas,\nye do nat understande you,  they do nat understande them.\nuous ne uous entend\u00e9s pas,  ilz ou elles ne sentendent pas.\nTHE INTERROGATYVE.\nDo nat I understande me,  do nat thou understande the,\nNe mentens je pas,        ne tentens tu pas,\ndo nat he understande him or she: do we  nat understande us,\nne  sentend  il ou elle  pas:     ne nous entendons nous pas,\ndo ye  nat understande ye,   do nat they understande them.\nne uous entendes uous pas,   ne sentendent ilz ou elles pas.\nDyd I understande,   understande I,     I have understande,\nentendoie,           entendis,          jay entendu,\nI had understande,      I shall understande.\njauoie entendu,         entenderay.\nThus endeth the fyrst boke.\nPage 1017\nAn answere to the   correcters   and of all     workes  reprouers.\nAPOLOGIE      AUX   CORRECTEURS  ET  DE TOUTTES OUURES  REPREUEURS.\nGILES DU WES ALIAS DE VADIS.\n      Grose    folke  of   rude      affection\nG     rosses   gens   de   rudes     affections\n      dronkerdes,   banysshed   of  trewe   felyng\nI     urongnes,     bannis      de  uray    sentement\n      lubbers,     knaves,   private   of understandyng\nL     ourdaultz,   cocardz,  priues    dentendement\n      in their   mouthfull  takyng    refection\nE     n leur     gueul\u00e9e    prenant   refections\n      fulfylled   of oprobre  and  of detraction\nS     aoule       doprobes    et   de detractions\n      Shall   say of me    as     they do  of other folkes\nD     iront       de moy   comme  ilz font daultre  gent\n      beholde here, what a maker fayre and gentyl\nU     oies    icy,  quel facteur bel   et   gent,\n      trewe it is for  certayne,  that I am ignorant\nU     ray   est pour   certain,   que  suis ignorant\n      wyllyng I  ought  nat  to leave   therfore\nU     oulloir je ne doy pas  laisser    pour tant\n      to undertake thyng that ought to be   prayse\nE     mprendre     chose qui  fait  a       priser\n      without takyng hede  to  their   disprayse.\nS     ans garde prendre    a   leur    despriser.\n      Some    shall say   this  is   yvell  writte\nA     ulcun   diront      cecy  est  mal    escript\n      the others  aftervarde, bendyng  the     browes\nL     es aultres  appres,     bandant  lez    sourcilz\n      shall there  fynde right  great faute   of spirite\nI     trouueront         tresgrant    faulte  desprit\n      other    shall  wey   all,    as     folkes subtyles\nA     ultres   peseront tout,       comme  gens  subtilz.\n      upon this gyveng  their sentence and  advyse.\nS     ur   ce   donnant leur  sentence et   aduis.\n      Say every one   what  so   ever   he   wyll\nD     ie  ung chescun ce    que  dire        uouldra\n      in the spite of   the dyvell, and   of   yvel wyll.\nE     n  despit    du       diable, et    de   mal uoulloir.\n      Se   they  may,      that  I have put me in dever\nU     eoir ilz   pouront,  que   ma     mis    en debuoir\n      to do well,  do    better  that    can\nA     bien faire,  face  mieulz  qui     scara\n      of me   certes nat  reproved he  shalbe.\nD     e moy   certes ja   reprins  nen sera.\n      Jesus   than     us    graunt    well to do\nI     hesus   doncques nous  ottroy    bien faire\n      without willyng,   neither him  nor  other  displease.\nS     ans     uoulloir,  na      lui  na   aultre desplaire.\nENDE OF THE FYRST BOKE.\nPage 1018\n                HERE FOLOWETH  THE SECONDE BOOKE\n               of this lytell worke, in the whiche\n                  shalbe treated of communycations,\n                    necessary to the lernyn\nPage 1019\n          TO THE KYNGE, THE QUENE, AND TO THE PRINCESSE\n                NOBLE GRACE, FOR A PREAMBLE OR\n                    PROLOGUE TO THE SAYD\nTo the right hye, right chr\u00ecsten, and most redouted imperiall  myght,\nA la treshaulte,  trescrestien,   et tresredout\u00e9e   imperialle\nsoverayne  majesty of you, Henry by the grace of God,  lyveng kyng\nsouueraine maiste de uous, Henry par la grace de Dieu, uiuant roy\nand monarcion of all Englande,   the VIII of that name: be\net monarque de toute Engleterre, huitiesme de ce nom:   soit\nlaude   everlastyng, honour without ende: alwayes  lastynge lyfe\nlouenge perpetu\u00e9lle, honneur sans    fin: tousjours durant uie\nprosperous and good felicite.\nprosp\u00e9re et bien heur\u00e9e.\nAnd to you most illustre, right excellente, and right magnanime lady and\nEt a uous tresillustre,   tresexcellente,   et tresmagnanime    dame et\nprincesse, my lady Anne  by  the grace of God  quene  of Englande and of\nprincesse, ma dame Anne  par la grace  de Dieu royne  dEngleterre et de\nFrance:   with right noble and most vertuouse yours  right dere and well\nFraunce:  auec tres noble et tres uertueuse   uostre tres chi\u00e9re et bien\ndoughter Elizabeth, princesse of Englande and of Wales: be lyfe\nfille    Elizabeth, princesse dEngleterre et de Galles: soit uie\nand joye without ende.     Amen   amen.\net  joye sans    fin.      Amen   amen.\n                Ee dicat omnis populus amen.\nPage 1020\nWolde to God\nA ma uoullent\u00e9\nthat the Godheed\nque la deit\u00e9,\nfull of goodnesse\nplaine de bont\u00e9\nhad graunted to me\nsy meust ottroi\u00e9\nwhiche am counterfait\nqui    suis contrefait\nof ignorancy, and undone\ndignorance, et desfait\nkoning  and knowledge\nscience et  scauoir\nwith the power\nauecques pouoir\ncan     declare\nscavoir declar\u00e9r\nand to manyfeste\net     manifest\u00e9r\nafter my power\nselon mon possible\nthe grace that can nat be saide\nla grace       indicible\nof the right christen kyng\ndu     trescrestien roy\nwhiche in noble aray\nqui    en noble aroy\nis   this day   lyvyng\nest  aujourdhuy uiuant\nprosperous  and reignyng\nprospereus  et  regnant\nwhiche all the  men\nqui tous les    hommes\nhowe  great that we ben\ncome  grans que  sommes\nas well clerkes and lays\net       clercz  et laiz\nby his faire dedes\npar ses beaulz faitz\nhath over comen\na    surmont\u00e9s\nand excelled\net  excell\u00e9s\nwherfore the most\npourquoy le plus\nparfait here beneth\nparfait ca   jus\nhaving power\nayant pouoir\nand the knowyng\net  le  scauoir\nshulde fayle right well\nil     fauldroit bien\nthat his mainteynyng\nque  son maintien\nthat his sperit\nque  son esprit\nof  wyt  kyndled\nde  sens esprit\nmight ones begyne\npeult entam\u00e9r\nfor  to declare\npour declar\u00e9r\nas    it hapened\ncomme il aduient\nwhan  a man doth come\nquant homme uient\nto the great see\na  la graunt m\u00e9r\nfor   to lade it\npour  lespuis\u00e9r\nincontinently\nincontinent\nthat he   doth se\nquil uoit comment\nPage 1021\nhis entreprise\nson entreprise\nwhiche to that him tychyt\nque    ce latise\nhath made him do amysse\nla   fait mesprendre\nwillyng to take in hande\nuoulloir emprendre\na thinge unpossible\nchose    impossible\nhe that right feble\nluy    qui    debile\nis, and fraile\nest, et fragille\nand lytell able\net  peu    abille\nas     a      man     dronke\ncomme  ung    homme   yvre\nwhiche  lytell  to lyve\nquy     guere   uiura\nnaturally\nnaturellement\nmay nat  goodly\nne peult bonnement\nhe him  withdraweth\nil  se  retire\npluckyng him selfe\net se detire\nhim complainynge\nsoy doulousant\nthat nat knowyng\nque non scauaunt\nhe hath undertake\nil  a   empris\nto wyn the prise\ngagner le  pris\nwyllyng for  to do\npour uoulloir faire\nthe whiche to parforme\nce  que       parfaire\nno man  might\nnul ne  poulroit\nwhere he nover\ntant  ne seroit\nman  so myghty\nhome puissant\nalwaies   livyng\ntousjours uiuaunt\nneither more nor lesse\nne plus ne moins\nto put  his handes\nmectre  ses  mains\nor besy him selfe\nou sempesch\u00e9r\nwyllyng  to prayse\nuoulloir pris\u00e9r\nprince without pere\nprince sans    p\u00e9r\nand  nat to erre\nsans point  err\u00e9r\nshuld be to lade\nseroit puisser\nthe water out of the se\nleaue     hors la    m\u00e9r\nwherfore  in now\npourquoy  a  tant\nme  withdrawyng\nme  retirant\nof myn enterpryse\nde mon emprise\nI say without fiction\ndis   sans faintise\nduring my lyfe.\ndurant ma uye.\nBe it sadde or mery\nSoit  triste ou lye\nPage 1022\nI shall never cease\nne cesseray\nnor shall leave\nne laysseray\nin every place\nen chascun lieu\nto laude God\nde lou\u00e9r Dieu\nand also to crie\net  de   cri\u00e9r\nand to supply\net  supli\u00e9r\nhis magestie\nsa  magest\u00e9\nand godheed\net  deit\u00e9\nto be wyllyng to kepe\nuoulloir      gard\u00e9r\nand to preserve\net     preseru\u00e9r\nthe noble lorde\nle  noble seigneur\nfrom all  unhap\nde   tout malheur\nalso  the lady\naussi la  dame\nwhiche lyved without blame\nque    uist  sans    blame\nI understande the quene\njentens       la royne\nwhiche never doth ende\nqui    point ne   fine\nto do    honour\nde faire honneur\nto the maker\nau createur\nwith      she\nauecque celle\nthat hath no pere\nqui  non pareille\nin  this  worlde\nest en ce monde\nright pure and clene\ntrespure et monde\nit is the princesse\ncest la princesse\nhalfe a goddesse\ndemie deesse\nleavyng them to us\nles  nous laissans\nhere lyvyng\nicy  uiuans\nright longe  space\ntres  longue espace\nwith his grace\navec sa  grace\nthan whan shall come\npuis quand uiendra\nthat it shall nede\nquil conuiendra\nat the later ende\na  la  parfin\nthat they take an ende\nquilz prengnent fin\nwithout bytternesse\nsans amertune\nor payne any\nne paine aulcune\nthey be     sette\nilz  soient pos\u00e9s\nand bestowed\net colocqu\u00e9s\nin  Heven\nen  Paradis\nwhere as ever\nla    ou toudis\nPage 1023\nthey may laude\npuissent lou\u00e9r\nand exalte\net  exalt\u00e9r\nwith the saintes\nauec les sainctz\nwherof there is many\ndont   y  a     maintz\nthe blessed Trinite\nla  benoite Trinit\u00e9\nthre   persones  in unite\ntrois  personnes en unit\u00e9\nthe whiche for ever without decline\nlaquelle  a jamais   sans    declin\nreigne  alwayes    without   ende.\nregne a tousjours sans prendre fin.\nFinis.\nA MESSAGER COMMING\nFROM THE KYNGES GRACE, TO HIS WEL BELOVED\nDOUGHTER LADY MARY.\nMary.\nFrom wens come you,  my frende.\nDou   uenes uous,    mon amy.\nThe messanger.\n                I come from the court.\nCertes, madame, je uiens de la court.\nMary.\nHow doth fare   the Kyng my  father and the good  lady my mother.\nComent  se porte le Roy  mon  pere   et  la bonne dame ma  mere.\nThe messanger.\nIn truthe, madame, they    dyd     right well  at my   partyng,     or\nEn uerit\u00e9, madame, ilz se portoient tresbien   a mon departement,   ou\nwhan I  came  thens.\nquant je men   partis.\nMa.\nI   am  right glad  of  their  good  prosperite, and pray  Our\nJe suis tresjoieuse de  leur  bonne  prosperit\u00e9,  et prie Nostre\nto maintene them:    do nat you bryng me some  remembraunce  or    token\nainsy les maintenir: ne maport\u00e9s   uous  quelque souuenance  ou enseigne\nfrom them.\nde par eulz.\nLe mes.\nI do presente unto you, in the name of the  good grace of the Kyng your\nJe   uous   presente,   ou   nom   de   la bonne grace   du roy  uostre\nherte of golde, amelde  of  trewe     hope,   whiche is   russet\nceur     dor, esmaill\u00e9  de   uray  esperance, qui est   coulleur\nPage 1024\nthe good lady  your mother,  a  flour of    forget me nat,   with the\nla bonne dame uostre  m\u00e9re, une fleur de ne moubliez    mye, auec  la\nblessyng    of God, gyven to Jacob.\nbenediction de Dieu donn\u00e9e a Jacob.\nMary.\nWhat    blessyng     do ye speke to me of.\nQuelle benediction me mect\u00e9s   uous  en termes.\nLe mes.\nThe same that Abraham  gave to Isaak, and Isaak to Jacob, and Jacob to\nCelle  que    Abraham donna  a Isaak,  et Isaak  a Jacob,  et Jacob  a\nthe whiche is suche      that all they that shall blesse you, shalbe\nlaquelle est  telle  que tous    ceulx  qui  uous    benyront seront\nMa.\nBlessed be  God  and blessed   be  the Kyng and the Quine and all\nBenoit soit Dieu  et benoitz soient le  Roy  et la  Royne et touttes\nof good    wyll:          now tell me what newes      bringe ye to me.\nde bonne uoullent\u00e9: orsus die moy   quelles nouuelles maport\u00e9s   uous.\nLe mes.\nTrewly         ma dame, I  do know  none other thyng that I may   say\nUeritablement, ma dame, je ne scay aultre chose que puisse   dire\nopenly,      but  that the Kyng   is a knyght.\n en  appert, sinon que  le Roy est cheuallier.\nMa.\nFor soth, or in my God: ther be fayre   tidynges,  ye  may   go\nEn      mon      Dieu,  vas les belles nouuelles, uous uous pou\u00e9s en\n       whan shall  please  you.\nall\u00e9r quant  uous playra.\nLe mes.\nWherfore  madame.\nPourquoy, madame.\nMa.\nBecause    that ye have done your arande.\nPource que fait   au\u00e9s  uostre   message.\nI  pray  you   how do                    myne uncle, myne ante,\nJe uous prie comment se porte, se portent mon oncle,  ma tante,\n  madame,  maistre, maistresse; mon cousin, mes cousins, ma cousine,\nmes cousines, mon uoisin, mes uoisins, ma uoisine, mes uoisines, mon\nGod father, my God mother, gospy,\nparin,    ma    marine,  mon comp\u00e9re, ma comm\u00e9re, maistre, maistresse,\nPage 1025\nles damoiselles, les gentilz femmes, les gentilz hommes: et tous mes\ngood fryndes.\nbons   amis.\nLe mes.\nIl ou elle se recommande, ilz ou elles se recommandent    cent    fois,\na thousand times, to your    good grace, to  your  highnesse, to  your\nmille      fois,  a uostre  bonne grace,  a uostre haultesse,  a uostr\nexcellency, to your  lordshyppe.\ne excellence, a uostre seigneurie.\nMa.\nI   am    glad,                   that he  do   well, that she\nJe suis  joieus, je suis joieuse, quil se porte bien, quelle le fait\n      that they do.\nbien, quilz le font bien, quelles se portent bien.\nWhan   shall ye retourne,   whan pretende   you    or  purpose   ye  to\nQuant retourner\u00e9s    uous, quant pretend\u00e9s uous, quant propos\u00e9s uous de\nreturne   toward the court,  toward the Kyng,        the Quene,\nretourner deuers la  court,  deuers le  Roy,  deuers la  Royne,\n       my lorde,        my lady.\ndevers monsieur, devers  madame, etc.\nLe mes.\nCertainly            to morow, after to morow, within this two dayes,\nCertainement, madame,  demain, appres   demain,  dicy a   deux jours,\nviii daies, within this moneth: will it please you to commande me any\nhuit jours,  dicy a ung  mois:  uous  plaist il me  commander  aulcun\nservyce.\nseruyce.\nMa.\nI  you  pray to   do   my most  humble recommendations to the good grace\nJe uous prie de fayre mes tres humbles recommandations \u00e0  la bonne grace\nof the Kyng my father, and the good  lady my mother, and to saye to them\ndu     Roy mon  pere,   a   la bonne dame ma  mere,   et    leur    dire\nthat I  them pray  alwayes  of their  blessynges.\nque  je  les prie tousjours de leurs benedictions.\nPage 1026\nMONICION TO THE LADY MARY, BY THE LADY OF  MAL\nTRAUERS, HUMBLE SERVANT TO HER NOBLE GRACE,\nUPON A PROVERBE WHICHE IS HERYNG\nSAY GOTH BY THE TOWNE.\n         I you have herde say\nMadame, je uous  ay ouy   dire\nthat  by the towne gothe here say\nque par  uille ua ouyr    dire\nwherfore   I you  say, and for trouth\npourquoy  je uous dis, et pour   uray\nthat if ye ne  do  other   dever\nque  sy ne faictes aultre debvoir\nye  shall fynd that one hath missaide\nuous trouuer\u00e9s  quon     a    mesdict\nin that which of you  one hath saide\nen   ce   que de uous  on  a    dit\nthat you dyd  speke ryght good frenche\nque  uous parli\u00e9z    tresbon   francois\npassed allredy more than six monethes\npasses  desja  plus  de  six   mois\nwherfore, for the love that I you  owe\npourquoy  pour lamour  que  uous   doy\nand that to you have gyve my fayth\net  que  uous   ay donn\u00e9  ma  foy\nI  you  requyre and  monishe\nje uous requier  et admoneste\nas    she whiche is  redy\ncomme celle qui  est preste\nto  serve you and worshyppe\nde uous seruir et  honorer\nthat it please you to remember\nquil  uous  plaise  rememorer\nPage 1027\nthat whiche more touche  your  honour\nce    qui   plus touche uostre honeur\nfor if it dyd please   our    lorde\ncar    sil   plaisoit nostre seigneur\nthat you   might ones  come to\nque  uous peussi\u00e9z ja paruenir\nwhere  your  hert  hath his desire\nou    uostre coeur a  son  desir\nwithout knowyng the frenche speche\nsans    sauoir  parler francois\nye shulde be forced to take by election\nil  uous faudroie  prendre par  chois\na   faire lady and  mynyon\nune belle dame et  mignonne\nfor to assiste  your  persone\npour  assist\u00e9r uostre personne\nand also  for to interprete\net  aussy pour  interpreter\nthat whiche it shulde please you to declare\nce   quil   uous    plairoit      declar\u00e9r\nto   your  husbande and   lorde,\na   uostre  mary     et seigneur,\nwere he either kyng or emperour,\nfust il  ou     roy ou empereur,\nwhiche might   be  occasyon\nqui poulroit estre occasyon\nto gyve   you  suspicion\nde uous donner suspicion\nputtyng  you in jalousye\nuous mectant en jalousie\nwherfore howe be it that I  am  nat\npourquoy combien    que ne soie mye\nwise ynough nor discrete\nasses sage   ne discr\u00e9te\nPage 1028\nfor   of you  to be secrete\npour  de uous estre secr\u00e9te\nfaithfulnes nevertheles bynde me\nloiault\u00e9    neantmoins  me lie\nthe whiche   humbly  supplye\nle  quel  humblement  suplie\nto your  hygh  excellency\na uostre haulte exellence\nto do dever and delygence\nde faire debuoir et diligence\nto lern   of  all your   power\ndaprendre de tout uostre pouoir\nto the ende that ye may can\naffin que uous puisses scauoir\nat the commyng of your father\na  la  uenue   de uostre p\u00e9re\nspeke   frenche in suche wyse\nparler francois de telle mani\u00e9re\nthat Jesu be therof worshypped\nque  Jesu en soit    honor\u00e9\nand the noble Kyng contented\net   le noble Roy  content\u00e9\nand that it tourne you to honour\net  quil uous   tourne  a honeur\nand in proffit to the servant\net  a prouffit au seruiteur\nwhiche for to serve your  grace\nqui   pour seruir  uostre grace\nnothyng is possyble that he ne do\nnest rien  possible quil ne face\nthe whiche God be wyllyng to kepe\nlaquelle   Dieu ueulle gard\u00e9r\nand in suche wyse to enlumine\net   tellement      enlumin\u00e9r\nPage 1029\nthat you may have at the later ende\nque uous puisses   auoir  en  fin\nthe joy that last without ende.\nla joie qui  dure  sans    fin.\nAmen.\nA MESSANGER COMMYNG FROM THEMPEROUR, THE FRENCH KYNG,\nOR ANY OTHER PRYNCE.\nThe mes.\nGod save you             good life and honour gyve you   God.\nDieu uous sauue, madame, bonne uie et honneur uous doint Dieu, madame.\nMary.\nYe  be  welcome   my frende,         my lorde.\nBien soiez uenu,  mon amy,    mamie, monsieur.\nThe mes.\nThe empereur your  cosin   recommende to your   good  grace, to your\nLempereur uostre cousin se recommande a  uostre bonne grace, a uostre\nor          the Kyng my maistre or your father grete you well.\ncelsitude, ou majest\u00e9, le Roy  mon maistre ou uostre p\u00e9re  uous  salue.\nMa.\nHow doth       his   good  grace, his lordshyp.\nComment le fait sa   bonne grace, sa   seigneurie.\nLe mes.\n                he    doth  as   the prince of this worlde, that most\nCertes, madame, il se porte come le prince de ce    monde qui plus\nyour   welth, your    honour, and for the maintenyng  of the whiche he\nuostre bien,  uostre  honeur, et pour le maintenement du quel  il\nwolde bestow       body  and richesse,  or   richesse.\nuouldroit emploi\u00e9r corps et   auoir,    ou   cheuance.\nMa.\nI     thanke   him   hertely,    for I do holde him for  suche,  and\nCertes je le mercie de tresbon coeur, car je  le  tiens  pour  t\u00e9l,  et\nI do certifye you that of my parte  I  wolde      do     lykewyse\nuous   certifye    que de ma parte  je uouldroie  fayre  le pareil,\nfor   him. Now  rise up           I shall beholde your letters, than I\npour  luy. Or   sus lev\u00e9s  uous,  je regarderay   uos  lettres, puis je\nshall gyve you an answere.\nuous   donerai responsse.\nPage 1030\nLe mes.\nAt your good pleasure.        Wyll it please your grace, your\nA uostre bon playsir, madame. Plaist il a uostre grace, a uostre\nto comande  me any servyce to the of your cosin the Emperour,\nme comand\u00e9r aulcun seruice a la majest\u00e9  de uostre cousin lempereur,\nor of the Kyng my maistre.\nou du Roy mon maistre.\nMa.\nI praye you to recomende me to his majestie, as she that is glad\nJe uous prie de me recomand\u00e9r a sa majest\u00e9, come celle qui seroit\nof his welth, honour and prosperite. And for the which or to encrease\nde son bien, honneur et prosperit\u00e9. Et pour laquelle ou lequel encoistre\nI wolde do my power.\nje uouldroie faire mon pouoir.\nLe mes.\nI shall fulfyll your commandement with the helpe of God, madame.\nJacomplyray uostre commandement a laide de Dieu, madame.\nMa.\nI pray you therof my frende: and fare well.\nJe uous en prie, mon amy, et a Dieu soiez, etc.\n                   A PRESENT SENDE TO THE LADY MARY.\nLe mes.\nGod save you or preserve you from evyl and mishap\nDieu uous garde ou preserue de mal et dencombrier, ma dame.\nMary.\nYe be right well come, my gentylman.\nVous soi\u00e9z le tresbien uenu, mom gentilhomme.\nLe mes.\nMy lorde of Worcestre and my lady his wyfe recomende them\nMonsieur de Worcestre et ma dame sa femme se recomandent\nhumbly, mekely, to your good grace, and doth send you this lytell\nhumblement a uostre bonne grace, et uous enuoient ce petit present\nof suche comodities that it hath pleased Our Lorde to send them.\nde telles comodit\u00e9s quil a pleu Nostre Seigneur leur envoi\u00e9r.\nMa.\nForsoth I thanke them hertely: it is nat the fyrst\nEn bonne uerit\u00e9 je les mercye de bonne amour: ce nest pas la premi\u00e9re\ngoodnesse and courtesy that they have done to me: how doth he,\nbont\u00e9 et courtoisie quilz mont faicte: comment se porte il,\nI pray you, and how doth the good lady his wyfe.\nje uous prie, et comment le fait la bonne dame sa femme.\nPage 1031\nLe mes.\nCertaynly,    madame, they do,        or they fare,  as they that ben\nCertainement, madam,  ilz se portent, or ilz le font come ceulz qui sont\nall  yours.\ntous uostres.\nMa.\nForsoth      I am glad therof,      for he is a noble lorde,\nEn mon Dieu, jen suis bien joieuse, car il est noble personne, seigneur,\nman:   and she is a good, and vertuouse lady, trewe,\nhomme: et elle est bonne  et uertueuse dame,  honeste, preude, gentille\nlady, woman,                   I pray  you\ndame, damoisel, femme de bien, je uous prie ou requier de\nto thanke her,   to thanke them,      and to them say that I\nme la remercier, de me les regraci\u00e9r, et leur ou luy dictes que je\nshalbe glade,  to remembre             the honour that he       they\nseray  joieuz, joieuse de recognoistre lhoneur quil ou quelle, quilz ou\ndo to me when oportunite or tyme shalbe.\nquelles me fait ou font quant temps oportun ou oportunit\u00e9 en sera.\nLe mes.\nI shall endever me with all my power to fulfyll your comandement,\nJe menploiray de tout mon pouer       a accomplir uostre commandemant,\nMa.\nTresourer.\nTresori\u00e9r.\nLe tres.\nMadame.\nMadame.\nMar.\nGyve him fifty crownes.\nDones luy cinquante escus.\nLe tres.\nIt shalbe done, madame.\nIl sera fait, madame.\nMar.\nHussher.\nHussher.\nLhus.\nWhat please your grace.\nQue plait il a uostre grace.\nMa.\nGo and brynge this gentilman to the seller and make him good chere, and\nAll\u00e9s et men\u00e9s ce gentil homme au celi\u00e9r et luy faictes bonne chi\u00e8re, et\nloke that he lake no thinge.\nregard\u00e9s que riens ne luy faille.\nPage 1032\nLhus.\nI shall fulfyll your  pleasure, madame.\nJaccompliray    uostre plaisir, madame.\nAN EPITAPHE MADE UPON THE DETH  OF FRENCHE, WHICHE\nWAS FAYNED FOR TO TECHE HER GRACE, HER MAISTRE\nBEYNGE SYKE OF THE GOWTE.\nHere lyeth the  frenche ouerthrowen\nCy   gist   le francois renuers\u00e9\nas   ye    se  and cast downe\ncome uous uoi\u00e9z et    abatu\nthe whiche is more than a yere a gone\nlequel   plus  dung  an a  pass\u00e9\nthat he came among us;\nquauec  nous sest embatu;\nwold    to   God  that he had lyved\npleust ore a Dieu quil  eust  uescu\nreignyng  alwayes   as  he was wont\nregnant  tousjours come il soulloit\nsith that no man he wolde none yvell\nueu  qua  nulluy mal  ne  uoulloit\nAlas,  at his  begynnyng\nHelas,  a son commencement\nhe  was so right well accepted\nil fust sy tresbien   accept\u00e9\nof his lady and of her people,\nde sa  dame  et de  sa gent,\nbut  at the ende  dere it hath coste\nmais en la   fin chiere a   coust\u00e9\nfor he hath ben  slayne\ncar il   a  est\u00e9 assomme\nand cast downe by stronge warre\net  rues  jus par  forte  guerre\nand now lyeth deed in the grounde\net maintenant gist mort en  terre\nPage 1033\nIn     dyeng  made his complainte\nEn se mourant fist  sa complainte\nagainst thre   man  of this house\ncontre  trois hommes de   ceans\nwherof one  of them hath deceived many\ndont  lung diceulz    a   diceu  maintes\nas ben customed all  phisiciens\ncome    seulent tous phisiciens\nfor I have herde say to the ancientes\ncar   jay   ouy dire  aux    anciens\nthat with our peril they  lerne,\nqua  nos   perilz  font discipline,\nthat which  may be proved  by  Plyny.\nce  qui se peult  prouuer par Pline.\n  The other whiche was his enemy\n  Laultre   qui   fust son ennemy\nis called maistre   amener,\nsapelle  monsieur laumosnier,\nwhiche at the fyrst to him  was lovyng\nqui   au premier     luy   fust  amy\ncherisshyng him as  a frynde dere,\nle  festoiant  come amy    chi\u00e9r,\nbut  at the ende of a  hert  of stele\nmais en la   fin dung coeur daci\u00e9r\nhim renouncynge put him in oblivion,\nle  renoncant   mist    en  oubly,\nwherof  he died for great thought.\ndont il mourust par grant soucy.\n  The thirde that best him dyd mainten\n  Le  tiers   qui mieulz  le maintenoit\nhad it nat ben  for his absence\nse  neust este pour son absence\nPage 1034\n               one him dyd name\nJehan ap Morgan on  le nonmoit\nthe whiche hath him put in forgetyng,\nlequel la  mis  en  non  chalance,\nfor howbeit that great knowyng\ncar combien  que grant science\nto him mainteyn   he had nat,\na  le soubstenir point nauoit,\nby  him nevertheles over al he dyde lyve.\npar luy neantmoins   sur  tous   uiuoit.\n  But  sith that it is so hapned,\n  Mais puis quainsy est  aduenu,\nit must be take  paciently\nprendre le fault paciamment\nprayeng for him and his salvation\npriant pour luy  et son  salu\nsens that it may nat be  otherwyse.\n ueu questre  ne  peult aultrement.\nthat it please to God   almyghty\nquil   plaise   a Dieu omnipotent\nof him and us to have mercy\nde luy et nous auoir  mercy\nwhan  by the deth we shalbe passed.\nquant par la mort serons  transy.\nAmen.\nA LETTER SENDE TO THE LADY MARY FOR TO LERNE\nTHE SAME, IN THE ABSENCE OF HER SERVANTE\nWHICHE DYD TECHE HER GRACE.\nTo my lady, my lady Mary  of Englande, doughter of the most cristen\nMadame,   madame  Marye dEngleterre,   fille  du  roy  trescrestiien,\nPage 1035\nmy most redoubted lady and mastresse, gretyng with renowne   immortall.\nma tresredoubt\u00e9e  dame  et maistresse, salut  auec renomm\u00e9e immortelle.\nConsideryng that here before                 I have advertysed you, most\nConsiderant que deuant  ores, ou par ca deuant uous     ay aduerty, tres\nillustre and right excellent lady,   how    we  have  the deth before\nillustre et  tres excellente dame,  coment nous auons la  mort deuant\nto the whiche by the wyll of  God    we       haste us of   all   our\na  la quelle par  le uouiloir diuin nous nous hastons  de touttes nos\nto come.  The whiche in my  memory revolving about   my    partyng,\nparvenir. Ce      quen  ma memoire reuoluant enuiron mon partement,\nnat knowyng if I shall have grace to retourne  in  your  servyce  or\nignorant    se   jaray      grace de retourner en uostre seruyce  ou\nhave advised me of  herte  trewe  and contrit in   all  mekenesse to\nme  suis aduis\u00e9 de coeur loyall  et contrit en toutte humilit\u00e9 uous\nyou forgyvenes and pardon of the rudenesse that   I yvel manerd  have\nmercy           et pardon de  la  rudesse   que (je mal morig\u00e9re) ay\nyour   hyghnesse,   administryng you my  pore  and unworthy servyce,\nuostre haultesse, uous administrant  mon poure et  indigne  seruyce,\nsupplyeng you    humbly   that  specially   for the love of    him\nuous  supliant humblement quespeciallement pour  lamour  de celluy\nplease you to pardone me, for the whiche willyng to serve, I have right\nme   ueulles   pardoner,  pour   lequel uoulloir seruir    jay souuent\nthe markes  and lymytes of reason, having confidence assuredly that the\nles limites et  bournes de raison,  me confiant asseur\u00e9ement  que   la\nmekenes   of your   excellency,  joined    with the fulfullyng of  all\nbenignit\u00e9 de uostre excellence  conjoincte auec  le  comble    de toutes\ngraces shall nat rejecte nor  refuse  this  my lyttell request, and for\ngraces   ne   rejectera  ne  refusera ceste ma petitte requeste, et pour\nof the graunt of the same, shal please you benignely to rede and\nde   lotroy      dicelle    uous plaira   benignement  lire   et\nrude and unworthy letters, the whiche    as I hope)  shall nat do  you\nrude et  indigne  lettres,  la quelle (come jespoir) ne uous sera point\nproffit     with that that  by this meane ye shall restore and   excuse\nde prouffit auec  ce  que  par  ce  moien uous   supl\u00e9r\u00e9s   et\nPage 1036\nabsence, prayeng our    Lorde    thus  most  hye,   most illustre, and\nabsence, priant nostre Seigneur a tant tres haulte, tres illustre,  et\nexcellente lady,  to gyve you rest pleasant and  slepe  delicat.\nexcellente dame, uous donner repos plaisant  et sompne delicieuz. Amen.\nWritten  by  your  unworthy  servant the nyght that  he toke leve of\nEscript par uostre indigne  seruiteur la  nuyt  que prins congie  de\nyour grace.\nuostre grace.\nANOTHER LETTER SENDE TO THE LADY MARY\nBY JOHN AP MORGAN SQUIER, CARVER\nOF THE SAME, HER GRACE BEYNG\nSOMWHAT CRASED.\nTo the right hygh,  right excellente and right magnanyme my right\nA      tres haulte, tres  excellente  et tres  magnanime ma tres\nlady my lady Mary  of Englande, my lady and mastresse,  grettyng with\ndame ma dame Marye dEngleterre, madame   et maistresse,  salut   auec\njoye everlastyng.\njoye sans fin.\nThe tribulations of this worlde most     grevous  and most intollerable\nLes tribulations de  ce  monde  plus  angoisseuses et plus intollerables\nbere      and  suffre,   right illustre and  prosperous  lady, ben\ncomporter et   souffrir, tres  illustre et   bien heur\u00e9e dame, sont\nbody    desiryng to  satisfie   and to obtemperate to his pleasur and\npersone desirant de  satisfaire et  obtemper\u00e9r     a  son plaisir et\ncontrained by  strength   and inforced to the contrary,  wherof  I  may\ncontrainte par uiue force et  efforc\u00e9e au     contraire, de quoy je puis\npart bere   trew witnesse,     for of the one side  I  am   holde and\npart port\u00e9r uray tiesmoygnage, car    dung    coste je suis tenu  et\nthe lawe divyne to entertaine my  wyfe and espouse, nat   onely   of the\nla  loy  diuine dentretenir   ma femme  et espouse, non seullement des\ngoodes temporals that it hath pleased to  God to sende me,  but  also of\nbiens  tempor\u00e9lz quil     a     pleu   a  Dieu  menuoy\u00e9r,  mais aussy de\nPage 1037\nowne  body  in  all   her necessities and busenes,  to ayde   and\ncorps mesme en toutes ses  negoces    et  affaires, suffult\u00e9r  et\nthat that of the other part  your  excellency, to the whiche I  am\nce    que    daultre   part uostre excellence,   a laquelle je suis\nand by   othe,  doth  styre  and move me continually to desyre the\net  par serment  me  instique et esmeult incessament desirer   la\nyour   presence for  the more and more to consider and beholde  the\nuostre presence pour  de plus  en plus  rumin\u00e9r     et specul\u00e9r les\nvertues, of the whiche  our    Lorde  of his grace infinit hath\nuertus,    desquelles nostre Seigneur de sa  grace inmense uous\nyou   above     all    other  ladyes of this worlde,  as  the  sone\na   pardessus touttes aultres dames  de  ce  monde,  come  le soleill\nall     the  sterres  of Heven made to shine and  glistre:    but sens\ntouttes les estoilles du ciel  fait luire    et  resplendir: mais ueu\nmay to   the Creatour   satisfy  without kepyng the faith promised,\nne peult au  Createur satisfayre  sans   garder la   foy  promise,\nhope   and   trust    in  your   hygh                  that this\nespoir  et confidence en uostre haulte circonspeccion, que   ce\nconsidred, shall holde me in myne absence for  excused: certifyeng  you\nconsyd\u00e9r\u00e9,  me   tiendra  en mon  absence pour  excus\u00e9: uous certifiant\ntrewly        that it were nat for to pray  and requyre    our  lady of\nueritablement que  se  ne fust pour   prier et  requerir nostre dame de\nthat it  please her to sende you or to gyve to fare well again and helth\nqui  luy plaise   uous  don\u00e9r               conualescence      et  sant\u00e9\nto recover, with longe    youth and     age of Nestor,     I had  lefte\nrecouvr\u00e9r,  auec longue jeunesse et uiellesse Nestorienne, jeusse laiss\u00e9\nhert    all togyder with you,  as in the place of this worlde, where\ncoeur totallement auec uous, come  ou  lieu  de  ce  monde   ou\nhis thoughtes and affections most desired,  praieng the swete  Jesu\nses  pens\u00e9es   et affections plus desir\u00e9ez, priant  le  doulz Jhesus\nhygh,   most illustre and most excellente lady Mary, to gyve you\nhaulte, tres illustre et  tres excellente dame Mary,   uous    don\u00e9r\nthe hole fulfillyng of your nobles desirs.\n   lenti\u00e9r          de uos  nobles desirs.    Amen.\nPage 1038\nCONFABULACION BETWENE THE LADY MARY AND HER SERVANT GYLES\nTOUCHYNG THE PEACE.\nMary.\nHow              ye   shew   well that ye have great cure and  care  to\nComment, Giles, uous montr\u00e9s bien    quau\u00e9s    grant cure  et  soing de\nteche  me when  ye do you absente   se   from  me.\nmaprendre quant uous uous absent\u00e9s ainsy  de  moy.\nGyles.\nTrewly            me  thinke that I am   continually   here.\nCertes, madame, il me semble que  suis continuellement  icy.\nMa.\nYe,    and where were   ye yester day at soupper, I  praye  you.\nUoire,  et  ou  esti\u00e9s uous    hier   a  soupper, je  uous prie.\nGyles.\nTrewly             ye  have reason, for  I forgate myselfe yester night,\nUeritablement, madame, uous aues raison, car je men troubliay ersoir\nbycause of  company and of\na cause de compagnie et de communication.\nMar.\nI  pray you,  faire sir,   make    us   partener   of  your\nJe uous prie, beau  sire, faictes nous parconniere de vostre\nfor I suppose  that  it was of  some   good purpos.\ncar   jestime quelle estoit de quelque bon  purpos.\nGyl.\nTrewly           it   was   of the peas, the whiche (as they sayde)  is\nCertes, madame, elle estoit de la  paix, laquelle   (come on disoit) est\nproclamed by  all  this realme.\nproclam\u00e9e par tout  ce  royaume.\nMar.\nOf  what   maner,   I praye you, and of  what lastyng.\nDe quelle maniere, je uous prie,  et de quelle  dur\u00e9e.\nGyl.\nOf the lastyng shall God answere you,         but  of the forme and\nDe la   dur\u00e9e   uous respondera Dieu, madame: mais de la  forme et\ncan  I  shew and   report,  the whiche is  cried as wel in this realme\nuous scay je bien rapporter, laquelle  est cri\u00e9e  tant  en  ce  royaume\nas   of France, so longe as the noble Kyng        your father\ncome de France, et tant  que le noble roy  Henry uostre  pere\n(whiche God  preserve)      shall lyve and the frenche Kynge   lykewyse\n(que    Dieu ueulle garder) uiura    et  le  roy Francois pareillement\nwith the addicion of a day.\nauec laddicion    dung jour.\nPage 1039\nMa.\nMust   that   day     be    anexed to it and comprehended.\nFault il que ce jour y soit anex\u00e9         et   compris.\nGil.\nYe  verily\nOuy certes, madame.\nMa.\nWherfore   me thynke  that it is but\nPourquoy il me semble que   ce  nest que superfluit\u00e9.\nGil.\nNat so,  save   your         for the addicion of a day yelde the tyme\nNon est, sauue vostre grace, car  laddiction  dung jour rent  le terme\ninfinit, for the lastyng of the worlde is   but  a day.\ninfiny, car la  dur\u00e9e    du monde    nest qung  jour.\nMa.\nI wolde fayne understande  how   that  may   be,    how be it  I love\nJentenderoie  uoullenti\u00e9r coment cela peult estre, toutesuoies jayme\nthat for  this tyme   you do declare unto me what  is   of peas.\nque  pour  le present uous  me declar\u00e9s      que  cest que paix.\nGil.\nWell          I shall kepe to you the exposicion of that day  for  whan\nBien, madame,  je  uous garderay    lexposicion  de  ce  jour pour quant\nteche you  the spere the whiche parteine and serve to that purpos, and\napprendray lesp\u00e9re   laqu\u00e9lle     duit    et sert   a  ce  propos, et\nthe peas, howbeit that, after the  holy   lectres,  it  excede and\nla  paix, combien que,  selon la  saincte lectre,  elle exc\u00e9de et\nall  the wyttes, I  shall recite you neverthelesse that that of it\ntous les  sens, je   uous reciteray   nonobstant    ce  que   dict\nAustin sayth, spekyng of the  worde  of God,  in his  nynty  and seven\nAugustin      parlant de la  parolle de Dieu, en sa  nonante septiesme\nhowbeit that it shulde be necessary to make you understande       first\ncombien  quil   seroie  necessaire  uous donn\u00e9r a entendre premi\u00e9rement\nhow many kyndes or  maner  of warres  ben.\nquantes esp\u00e9ces ou mani\u00e9re de guerres sont.\nMa.\nHow     is there more than one maner.\nComent, en est il plus dune  mani\u00e9re.\nGil.\n                there is warre betwene  reame and  reame, betwene town\nCertes, madame, il y a  guerre  entre  royaume et royaume, entre  uille\ntowne, betwene parishe  and parishe,  betwene linages,  betwene\nuille,  entre  paroisse et  paroisse,  entre  lignages,  entre\nPage 1040\nthe man and the wyfe, and betweene the body and the soule, the whiche\nlhome   et  la femme, et   entre   le  corps et  lame,      laquelle\nworste, and more dangerous  of the others,   but  touchyng  the peas,\npire,   et  plus dangereuse des  aultres,  mais quant est de la paix,\nAustin,   in the place above  alleged, sayth that it is clennesse of\nAugustin,  ou    lieu  dessus allegu\u00e9, dict  que  cest  serenit\u00e9  de\npeas        of corage,  simplenesse of  hert, bonde of love, feliship of\ntranquilit\u00e9 de courage, simplesse   de coeur, lien damour,   compagne de\ncharite,    breker      of strife,  pacifier  of          molifiyng   of\ncharyt\u00e9, destruiseresse  destrif, apaiseresse de batailles,\nangre,   vainquisshyng  proude   men,  love  of humilite,  asswagyng\ncouroux, uainqueresse  des orguilleus, amour  dhumilit\u00e9, en mitigant\ndiscorde,     and   agreyng   ennemys, nat  sekyng   but his, that\nles discordz, et   concordant ennemis, non cerchant laultruy, non\nhate, callyng nothyng   his, that can nat exalte  him   nor  be  proude,\nhair, rien ne reputant sien, non  scauant soy  exault\u00e9r ne enorgueillir,\ntechyng to love, pleasante to every body, he that had it let him kepe\nensegnant aim\u00e9r, plaisante a   chescun,  quil la  tient   sy  la  garde,\nhe that lese it let him seke it, for he that in it  shall nat be founde,\nqui la   pert   sy  la cerche,   car  qui  en  elle  trouu\u00e9    ne sera,\nhim shal pluck out of his roote, and the Sonne him shal disenherite, and\nle         disracinera,           et  le  Filz  le   desh\u00e9ritera,    et\nGoost  shalbe  unknowen, wherof the same          be willyng us to\nEsprit  sera  descongneu, dont   icelle  Trinit\u00e9  nous  ueulle\ndefende and kepe.\ndeffendre  et gard\u00e9r.\nMa.\nIn my  God   it is a great thyng     of peas; I requyre the swete\nEn mon Dieu, cest   grand  chose que de paix; je requi\u00e9r  le doulz\nJhesus to   mainteyne  it  to   us.\nJhesus la nostre uoulloir maintenir.\nAmen.\nHERE FOLOWETH CERTAYNE VERSES, SENDE TO THE NOBLE LADY MARY,\nFOR TO LERNE THEM HER SCOLE MAISTER BEYNG SICKE.\nTo you, most soverayn,\nA uous, tressouueraine maistresse,\nI sende these vers,  wyllyng to signifie\njenvoy   ces uerse, uoullant   sinifi\u00e9r\nmy great  dolour and that more me oppresse\nma grand doulleur et  que plus  mopresse\nthat I may  nat you serve and   teche\nne uous pouoir   seruir    et enseygn\u00e9r\nthan for to suffre sekenesse and danger\nque  de  souffrir   maladie  et dangi\u00e9r\nwherfore, if it please so moche do to  your  grace\npourquoy,  sil  plaist tant  faire a  uostre grace\nthem for to  rede   some  lyttell space\nles uoulloir lire quelque petitte espace\nmy   hope    is that better therof ye shalbe\nmon espoir  est que  mieulz uous en vauldr\u00e9s\nand  by that point also shall excuse me.\net  par  ce  point aussi   mescuser\u00e9s.\nMe  thinketh  that other than you ought nat\nIl me  semble quaultre   que  uous ne doibt\nto  be judge of my greuous payne\nestre  juge  de ma gri\u00e9fue payne\nbycause also  that other myght nat\npource  aussy quaultre  ne pouroit\nnat   knowyng  the       whiche lede   me\nnon congnoisant la  cause  qui   me maine\nbut    as for you, I know that ye    be\nmais quant a uous,  say   questes certaine\nof the good wyll    and  great\ndu     bon uoulloir et  grande affection\nPage 1042\nthat I have to serve, and the\nquay    de  seruir,    et la d\u00e9uocion\nto    fulfyll  of   hert and of power\npour accomplir de coeur et de pouoir\nall  that whiche please to the noble kynge to wyll.\ntout  ce   quil  plaist   au   noble  roy  uoulloir.\nAmonge the monethes which   fulfyll the yere\nEntre  les  mois     qui accomplissent  lan\ntwo  there ben   specially\ndeux en y   a  esp\u00e9ciallement\nwhiche have done me yvell, great sorowe and harme\nqui      mont fait  deul,  grant ennuy  et  ahan\nit  may nat  be that I say  otherwyse\nestre ne  peult que  je die aultrement\noften  I have sene theyr  maner  and  how\nsouvent   ay  ueu  leur  maniere  et comment\nthey me have entreated, without any  deservyng\nilz   mont    traicte,   sans lauoir  deseruy\nbycause they  ben  of courage bounded\npour ce quilz sont de courage asseruy\nnever   lovyng the   workes  of the springe of the yere\nnaimant jamais les oeuures      de   printemps\nrather without cesse  than doth yvell at all  tymes.\nains    sans   cess\u00e9r leur font  mal  en tous temps.\nThe principall of the whiche more  I me complayne\nLe  principal     duquel     plus je me   plains\nin his blason him doth   name\nen son blason se  fait nomm\u00e9r D\u00e9cembre\nby  him I have made weppyng and syghes  many\npar luy  ay     fait pleurs  et soupirs mains\nnever shall it  be  but  I shall\nja ne sera que ne men  remembre\nPage 1043\nhe  and          me have ravyshed   a\nluy et  Janui\u00e9r    mont  tollu      ung membre\nwhiche me shall make that so longe  as  I  shall lyve\nqui    me       fera que     tant   que je   uiuray\nin   great    sorow    fromhensforth shall go\nen   grant    doulleur doresnauant     iray\nwherfore  I  drede   that in great  melancoly\npourquoy  je crains    quen  grant  merencolie\nat the latter ende shall behove that therof I     lose  my lyfe.\nen            fin    fauldra    que       jen     perde la uie.\nIf it hap nat   that the springe\nSansy naduient, que  printempz   gracieuz\nto his commyng the whiche is  nygh\na  sa  uenue    laquelle  est prouchaine\nbeholdyng me and seyng  so   pitious\nme regardant et  uoiant sy   piteuz\nto heale me, put him nat  in  paine\nde me guerir ne se mecte  en  paine\nfor       trewly, I know well  that he love me\ncar pour certain, bien je scay   quil   mayme\nby   him  first    in this worlde was I put\npar  luy  primi\u00e9r  en ce   monde  fus  mys\nwith that  always    he hath him   indever\nauec ce    tousjours    sest       entermys\nduryng his  tyme, to do me somme good\nson temps durant, de me faire du bien\nwherof from ever I shall yelde me  for   his.\ndont   a jamais  je me tiendray    pour sien.\nWhiche I requyre  that   it may    hap\nCe  que  requi\u00e9r  ainsy   puist  aduenir\nto the ende that to God  I may  crie    mercy\naffin        qua  Dieu   puisse cri\u00e9r   mercy\nPage 1044\nof  my   synnes, and to go and come\nde  mes  pech\u00e9z, et  all\u00e9r et  uenir\nin servyng  you, for  to satisfie  also\nen uous seruant, pour satisfaire   aussy\nto your good  dedes, that do entreate me so\na  uos  biens faitz, qui me  traict\u00e9z    ainsy\nwherfore next    Good,   I  am   more bounde\ndont     appres  Dieu,   je suis plus oblig\u00e9z\nto   your   grace,  than to any under     heven\na    uostre grace,  qua  nul    dessoubz  les cielz\nwherfore    in the meane tyme that I shalbe in this worlde\npourquoy    tandis            que    seray  en ce monde\nI shall him requyre   to kepe you  pure and clene.\nluy requerray         uous garder  pure et  monde.\n        A COMMUNICATION BETWENE THE LADY MARY AND HER AMENER,\n                 HER  GRACE  BEYNGE WITH  A PRIUY FAMILY\n                      IN THE PARKE OF THEUKESBERY.\nMary.\nAh, maister  Amener,     I  had    nat wened that  ye had   so\nHa, monsieur lAumosnier, je neusse pas cuid\u00e9 que   meuss\u00e9s  ainsy\nforgotten me.\nmise en oubly.\nLaum.\nHowe,   madame.\nComent, madame.\nMa.\nBicause that ye  well knowe  that I   solytarie  and of all    company\nPource  que      bien scau\u00e9s que  moy solitaire  et  de toutte compagnie\ndestytute, ye   have  me forsaken and lefte.\ndestitu\u00e9e, uous mau\u00e9s relenquie   et  laiss\u00e9e.\nLau.\nGod     forbede,    madame, that it be   as   ye    say,    for it is\nJa Dieu ne ueulle,  madame, que     soit come uous  dictes, car il\nunknowen  that I must nede  be    with your   counsayle, leavyng to them\nincongneu quil ne me faulte estre auec uostre conseil,   les assistant\nof my  power.\nde mon pouoir.\nPage 1045\nMa.\nI had  wened neverthelesse that for  the regarde of  me  and  of   your\nJeusse cuide toutesfois    que  pour le  regard  de  moy et   de uostre\nprofyte,  ye   had  made  you   dispensed.\nprouffit, uous uous euss\u00e9s fait dispens\u00e9r.\nLau.\nTrewly, madame, there is nothyng in  my  power  that I  ne  dyd    for\nCertes, madame, il nest  chose   en  mon pouoir que  je ne  feisse pour\nof you,  how be it that I  do nat understande well what   thyng ye do\nde uous, combien   que  je  nentens   pas   bien quelle   chose uous\nthynke, spekynge of dispence and  of  profyte.\npens\u00e9s parlant  de dispense et   de  prouffit.\nMar.\nI understande by  the dispence, that ye myght excuse you from the\nJentens       par la  dispense, que uous uous poui\u00e9z escus\u00e9r  du\na    tyme,  and  touchyng the profyte,  ye   knowe  that whan  I  dyd\nung  temps, et   touchant le  prouffit, uous scau\u00e9s que  quand je\nyour   frenche,   ye   dyd warant me that whithin a   yere I shulde\nuostre francois,  uous   masseuriez  que  dedans  ung an   je\ngood or  better   than  you,   wherfore by  suche  condycion  that so\nbon  ou  meilleur que   uous,  pourquoy par telle  condicion  quainsy\nmyght be,    trusting    more  of the power   of the Kyng my father, and\npeult estre, me confiant plus  du     pouoir  du     Roy  mon p\u00e9re,  et\nlady my mother than of myn owne, dyd  promis you a  good benefyce, for\ndame ma m\u00e9re   que    du mien,   uous   promis  ung bon  b\u00e9n\u00e9fice, pour\nthe impetration of the whiche me thynketh  that ye ought to do some\nlympetracion    duquel il     me semble    que  deueriez faire quelque\nLau.\nTrewly, madame,  that  whiche  me  moved so  to       assure you was\nCertes, madame,  ce    que     me  meult a uous ainsy asseur\u00e9r   fut\nby cause  of   your   synguler  undentandyng, for the whiche  ye\na  cause  de   uostre singuli\u00e9r entendement,  pour    lequel  uous\nto  thanke God, and for  that also  that after the phylosopher,\nDieu remerci\u00e9r, et  pour ce   aussy que  selon le  philosophe,\nperson  is  as   the table planed, or as   the  perspectif  or glasse\npersone est come la  table ras\u00e9e,  ou come le   perspectif  ou  mirouer\nin the whiche the kindnes and symilitudes of  thynges  ben   shewed,\nouquel      les especes et  similitudes des choses   sont  represent\u00e9es,\nPage 1046\nspiritually duryng the tyme that the sayd glasse  or table  is   nat\nsignanment  durant le temps que  le  dict mirouer ou table  nest point\ninfected,   deturpat, nor made foule by  synne, wherfore contemplyng\ncontamin\u00e9e, deturp\u00e9e, ne  macul\u00e9e    par pech\u00e9, pourquoy contemplant\nthe same similitude to have confirmite and  agreyng,    to your   grace,\nicelle   similitude auoir   conformit\u00e9 et   conuenience a  uostre grace,\nmight nat say  that that I  sayd.\nne  peuz non dire ce   que  je diz.\nMa.\nIn good  fay I  thanke our    Lorde    and shall thanke duryng my lyfe\nEn bonne foy je mercye nostre Seigneur et  merciray     tant que uiuray\nof all     the        that it   hath pleased to him to gyve me, howbeit\nde touttes les graces qui  luy  a    pleu       me  donn\u00e9r,     combien\nof suche   wherof  ye   me praise  I have       no knowlege,      but\nde telles  dont    uous me lou\u00e9z   nay je point de congnoissance, mais\nall    suche  wordes     set   asyde,   I  shall nat be nevertheless of\ntoutes telles parabolles arriere mises, je ne seray touttes uoiez ja de\nyou  content  without mende.\nuous contente sans    amende.\nLau.\nWithout faute,   ma dame, the mende shalbe made   at your  jugement,\nInfailliblement, ma dame, lamende   sera   faicte a uostre arbitrement,\nI   have me   exyled and banyshed from  all lybertie  for  the love of\nje  me suis   exill\u00e9 et  banny    de   toutte libert\u00e9   pour lamour de\nyour   service,  wherfore nothynge to me shalbe possible, that hayyng\nuostre service,  pourquoy rien ne me     sera   possible, que  aiant\nyour                I  do nat fulfyll to  my    power.\nuostre comandement, je nacomplisse    a   mon  pouoir.\nMar.\nTrewly, I  thanke you,   mayster  Amener,     certifyeng you surely\nCertes, je uous mercye,  monsieur lAumosnier, uous asseurant tresacertes\nthat suche is  my  trust  in  you.\nque  telle est ma  fiance en  uous.\nLau.\nTrewly,       madame, ye   may therof well  be    assured,\nPour certayn, madame, uous en pou\u00e9z   bien  estre asseur\u00e9e.\nMar.\nNow     than     I  comande you  that ye visite me  as often        as\nOr bien doncques je uous comande que  me uisit\u00e9s    le plus souuent que\nPage 1047\ngoodly    and conveniently    may do,     and specially      at dinner,\nbonnement et  licitement   faire poulr\u00e9s, et  especiallement a  disn\u00e9r,\nto the ende to talke      and to speke    with me.\naffin       de confabul\u00e9r et  comunicqu\u00e9r auec moy.\nLau.\nIt shalbe done, madame,  if it   please God.\nIl sera   fait, madame,  se Dieu plaist.\nMa.\nSe    than     that there have        no faute.\nUoi\u00e9z doncques quil ny    ait  point de  faulte.\nLau.\nNomore shall have.\nNon ara il,         madame.\nCONFABULACION  BETWENE  THE  LADY MARY  AND THE TRESORER\nOF HER CHAMBRE, HER HUSBAND ADOPTIF, HER NOBLE GRACE\nBEYNG WITHDRAWEN WITH PRIVY COMPANY IN A PLACE\nSOLITARY,  BY  CAUSE  OF  THE   DETH,\nFOR INTRODUCTION IN THE FRENCHE\nTONGE.\nMarye.\nIn good  faith, my  husband, I  can nat me  mervaile ynough, how I  have\nEn bonne foy,   mon mary, je ne me puis  asses    esbahir coment  je nay\nno more comfort of you,   for in that that I  may  se,   ye   take great\nplus de confort de vous, car en ce que  je puis veoir, vous vous souciez\ncare of your goute the whiche one hath tolde me that ye   have,  than ye\nplus de vostre goute  (la quelle on     ma  dit que  vous av\u00e9s)  que  ne\ndo      of your   wyfe.\nfaictes de vostre femme.\nLe tre.\nCertainly, ma dame, your    grace hath sayd truthe, howbeit that it is\nCertes,    ma dame, vostre  grace a    dit  uerit\u00e9, combien que  ce soit\nagaynst my wyll     and by  force.\ncontre ma voullent\u00e9 et  par force.\nPage 1048\nMa.\nIn my  God    with great payne may  I  beleve that the goute myght\nEn mon Dieu,  a    grant paine puis je croire que  la  goute peult\na   good husbande havyng  some    love  to his wyfe,  specially\nung bon  mary     aiant   quelque amour a  sa  femme, especiallement\nbeyng  so nygh of her, but he  shulde  more  oftener to visyte her.\nestant sy pres delle,  qui ne la uinst plus  souuent   uisyter.\nLe tre.\nWithout faulte  it is an harde thyng and dyffuce   to go  to hym that\nInfailliblement cest  chose ardue    et  difficile dall\u00e9r   a    qui\nfote  nor legges, nevertheles      as    your   grace hath sayd, love\npiedz ne  jambes, nonobstant   que comme uostre grace a    dit,  amour\ndothe moche.\nfait  moult.\nMa.\nI  pray you,  good syr,  to declare me  what it is of  love.   For ye\nJe uous prie, beau sire, declar\u00e9s   moy que  cest  que damour. Car uous\nbe a  doctour and well lettred, with that that a   good husbande ought\nestes docteur et  bien lettres, avec ce   que  ung bon  mary     doibt\nhis wyfe,  wherfore I  pray  you  to do     your    devour  to  teche\nsa  femme, pourquoy je uous  prie de faire uostre debuoir dendoctriner\nyours.\nla uostre.\nLe tre.\nInfallibly,  madame, the mater   is  to   hyghe  for  my symplenesse,\nSans faulte, madame, la  matiere est trop haulte pour ma simplesse,\nfor  nat be   wyllyng to disobey you, with my  power   I shall shewe you\npour non uous uoulloir   desobair     a    mon pouoir  je   uous   en\nof it willyngly  that    I therof can.\ndiray uolentier  ce que  jen scay.\nMa.\nI requyre you therof, my  good husbande, for I knowe you     suche that\nJe vous en requier,   mon bon  mary,     car je vous congnis tel que ne\nye cannat say ywell.\nscariez mal dire.\nLe tre.\nNow    than      sith that it please you so, trew it is  that I  fynde\nOr sus doncques, puis quainsy vous agr\u00e9e,    il est vray que  je treuue\nmaners   of love, that is to say                          and        the\nmanieres damour,  cest a scavoir filialle, matrimonialle, et animalle: a\nPage 1049\n         is  that same which the father and the mother have to their\nfilialle est celle     que   le  p\u00e9re   et  la  m\u00e9re   ont  a  leur\nis   nat        nor easy  to your   grace  to understande, unto\nnest pas facile ne  ays\u00e9e a  uostre grace  dentendre,      jusques a\nthat that he please   God  that ye understande it by  experiens,  for\nce   quil    plaise a Dieu que     lentendes      par experience, car\nknow     never  the love that the father and mother have toward him,\ncognoist jamais lamour   que  le  p\u00e9re   et  m\u00e9re   ont  vers   luy,\nthe tyme that he be made father or mother,  bycause that suche love\nce   quil    soit  fait  p\u00e9re   ou m\u00e9re,    pour ce que  telle amour\nor retorning,   but rather comyng from God  to the firste  father or\n                ains uenant       de   Dieu au     premi\u00e9r p\u00e9re   ou\nit  goeth and retourne to God  from father to the sonne. The seconde\nsen va    et  retourne \u00e0  Dieu de   p\u00e9re   en filz.      La  seconde\nlove  is called matrimoniall   the whiche is  of mervellouse  strength\namour est dicte matrimonialle, la  quelle est de merveilleuse energie\nvertu, specially   whan  the mariages ben  made  after the ordynance of\nvertu, especiallement quant les mariages sont faitz selon lordonance de\nGod,  that is to say, by  true love   and, if it were nat to   eschewe\nDieu, cest a     dire par uray amour, et,  si ce nestoit  pour non estre\nI myght recite you       of many       women  whiche ben  deed\nje vous poulroie recit\u00e9r de pluisieurs femmes   qui  sont mortes\nand perished for  the love of their husbandes, and many       men\net  perie    pour lamour   de leur  maris,     et  pluisieurs hommes\nfor  the love of their wyves.  And touchyng to the thirde, that is\npour lamour   de leur  femmes. Et  quant    a  la  tierce  qui  est\nanimalle, she  is  without conparacion stronger than the others, bycause\nanimalle, elle est sans comparacion plus forte que  les aultres, pour ce\nit  is    the love that the soule hath to his body   the whiche is  so\nque cest  lamour   que    lame    a    a  son corps, laquelle   est sy\nnothyng is so moche loved in this worlde, that the man ne renounce and\nriens nest    tant   aym\u00e9 en ce   monde   que  lhomme  ne renounce et\nfirst   that he suffre  his soule to departe from his body,  nor nothing\npremier   quil  souffre son ame   departir   de   son corps, ne  riens\nPage 1050\nis   so terrible   painful nor dangerous, that the man ne shulde suffre,\nnest sy terryble,  penible ne  dangereus, que  lhomme  ne     tollerast,\nbefore or rather than to suffre devorce  or  departyng  betwene his\nauant                 souffrir  diuorce  ou  separation entre   son\nbody,  bycause that nothyng is so more to be drede    than the deth:\ncorps, pour ce que  rien    nest  plus   a   craindre que  la  mort:\nall    these premisses set aside,        God  the creatour hath loved us\ntoutes ces   premisses,          madame, Dieu le  createur nous a aim\u00e9\nabove      all    the  above  sayd   loves.  For touchyng the  filiall,\npar dessus toutes les  dessus dictes amours. Car touchant la   filialle,\nhath sende   his dere  sonne here beneth, for  to redeme us   and from\na    envoie  son chier filz  ca   bas     pour nous redim\u00e9r   et  des\nof hell to deliver, makyng him of a lorde  a servant and of immortall\ndenfer  deliurer,   le faisant de seigneur  serf     et  de immortel\nsuffring him   rather    to dye  for  us   than in  havyng pyte of him\nle souffrant   plus tost mourir  pour nous que  en  aiant  pit\u00e9 de luy\nto   leve us   in periclitation. And touchyng the                howbeit\nnous laisser   en periclitation. Et  touchant la  matrimonialle, combien\nthat he had love inestimable to his swete  mother the virgyn Mary,  that\nquil eubt   amour inestimable a  sa  doulce m\u00e9re   la  vierge Marie, ce\nnatwithstandyng he hath chosen   rather   to dye  for  us,   leavyng her\nnonobstant      il a    pr\u00e9esleu plus tost mourir pour nous, la laissant\ndesolat and desconforted than in her comfortyng to   leave us  in\ndesol\u00e9e et  desconfort\u00e9e que  en la  consolant  nous laisser   en\nAnd as touching to the animalle, what so ever great feare that he have\nEt  quant       a   lanimalle,   quelque      grant pour  quil    ayt\ndye    and what so ever love  that he hath had to his soule, yet hath he\nmourir et  quelque      amour quil    ayt  eu  a  son ame,   sy  sest il\nmade himselfe for  us   obedient unto  the  deth of the crosse: ther is,\nfaict         pour nous obedient jusques a la mort de la  croix:  vesla,\nmadame, that that I  can  of love: howbeit nevertheles  that the worlde\nmadame, ce   que  je scay damour:  combien touttes fois que  le  monde\ndoth use of dyverse  other   maner    of love, as   of richesses and\nuse     de dyuerses aultres manieres damours, come de richesses et biens\nPage 1051\ntemporall goodes and other  folishe love   whiche do merite bettre to be\ntemporelz      et aultres folles  amours qui    meritent  mieulz destre\nfolyes than  love, wherfore I  love them, so prayeng your   noble  grace\nfoliez quamour: pourquoy je men passe, a tant priant uostre noble  grace\nto pardone me  in  that that I   have  sayd.\nme  pardonner  en  ce   que  jen ay    dict.\nMa.\nIn  good   soth    my    husbande,  I  thanke   you   of  good  hert,\nEn  bonne  uerit\u00e9, mon   mary,      je uous   mercie  de  bon   coeur,\nfor ye have  you    ryght truly        acquited toward  your   wife.\n car uousuous estes   tres-loiallement acquit\u00e9  enuers  uostre femme.\nLe tre.\nI  requere  to God,  madame, that it may  to you  in suche wyse proffite\nJe requier  a Dieu,  madame,   quil uous puisse   tellement   prouffit\u00e9r\nin lovyng God   above  all   thynges, and the   good   grace of the Kyng\nen aymant Dieu par dessus touttes choses  et la    bonne  grace du  Roy\nyour   father,  and the  good  lady  your     mother   of trewe  love\nuostre p\u00e9re,    et  la   bonne dame  uostre   m\u00e9re     de uraie  amour\nye   may     love  your   husband  whan  God  shall gyve  you  one, of\nuous puiss\u00e9s aimer uostre mary,    quant Dieu uous en  donra   ung, de\ngood     and   trew    love                  in suche wyse  that it may\nbonne    et    loialle amour matrimonialle,    de sorte     que  ce soit\nbe to the helth of   your    soule.\nau the salut de   uostre  ame.\nMa.\nSo          pleased   our    Lord     by  his  goodnes  to graunt me.\nAinsy le me ueulle    nostre Seigneur par sa   bont\u00e9    ottroi\u00e9r.\nPage 1052\n          WHAT IT IS OF THE SOULE IN GENERALL AND SPECIALL,\n             AFTER PHILOSOPHY AND SAINT ISYDORE, BY WAY\n                 OF DYALOGUE BETWENE THE LADY MARY\nMary.\nAfter that well I me remembre, I have herde here above speke of the\nSelon que  bien  me   recorde,  je uous ay ouy cy dessus parl\u00e9r de lame,\nbut  neverthelesse  ye    have nat   declared what it is, wherfore I\nmais toutes fois   uous  naues point declar\u00e9  que   cest, pourquoy jen\nwolde of it faine here  somwhat.\nuouldroie bien  ouir quelque chose.\nGil.\nTrewly, madame, it shuld be necessary to be  better lerned    in good\nCertes, madame, il seroit necessaire  destre mieulz qualifi\u00e9z ez bonnes\nlettres than  I  am   for to satisfy to your   question.\nlettres que   ne suis pour satisfaire a uostre question.\nMa.\nIt  is  nat  to   me   unknowen  that ye be  nat of  the best lettred\nIl  ne   mest point    incongneu que  nestes pas des mieulz   lectr\u00e9s\nhowbeit that I doubt nat but of it ye can        somwhat, wherfore\ncombien que  point ne doubte  que nen scaues quelque chose, pourquoy\ntake hede that the lytell that  ye therof can,  be nat  hydde    to me.\ngard\u00e9s    que  le petit    que uous en  scau\u00e9s  ne me soit point  cel\u00e9.\nGyl.\nTrewe    it  is that the philosophers have spoken therof, albeit that it\nIl est bien uray que les philosophes  en   ont   parl\u00e9,   ja   soit que\nsufficiently      specially   touchyng the soule resonable,     for some\nsouffisanment, especiallement touchant  lame   rationnelle,  car aulcuns\nof them have it   esteme   mortall, as   Pliny among  other  that sayth\ndeulz     lont    estim\u00e9  mortelle, come Pline entre aultres qui dit que\nshalbe the soule after the dethe of the body,  as      she  was   before\nsera     lame   appres la  mort  du corps,   quelle elle estoit deuaunt\nof the same, and it is   nat   yet    come  to my knowlege      that\ndicelluy,    et  il nest point encore uenu  a  ma congnoissance  que\nthe holy scripture  doth make of it any   mention; but   syth that  your\nlescripture saincte en    face mention aulcune;  mais   puisque   uostre\nPage 1053\npleasure is suche I shall recyte you (submyttyng me to the correction of\nplaisir est tel,  je uous  r\u00e9citeray (me soubmetant a  la  correction de\nyour   grace, and of all   persons  connyng) that whiche I have therof\nuostre grace, et  de toute persone scauante) ce   que    jen ay peu\nfrom the philosophers, and of the holy s. Isodore,  wherfore it shall\ndes      philosophes,  et  de      saint Isidore;  pourquoy il uous\nthat  all   thynges created of God   under the      moone ben   or\nque touttes choses  cr\u00e9ez   de Dieu  soubz le globe lunaire sont  ou\nonely,      as precious stones   and  other  with all  mettalles, or\nseullement, come pierres precieuses  et  aultres auec tous metaulz,  ou\nbe  elemented  and vegetables,  as herbes,   trees, and  all maner\nsont ellement\u00e9es et uegetables, come herbes, arbres, et touttes manieres\nof  plantes, or ben  elemented   vegetables and sensytyves,  as  ben\nde  plantes, ou sont element\u00e9es  uegetables  et  sensitiues,  come sont\nall    beestes, byrdes,  fyshes,   reptyll them  movyng  from place to\ntouttes bestes, oiseaulz, poissons, reptiles se mouuant  de lieu a\nor ben  elemented  vegetables sensytyves  and  reasonable, as   ben  the\nou sont element\u00e9es uegetables sensitiues  et racionelles,  come sont les\nmen    whiche   have in them  all  the fours proprietees above  sayd;\nhommes lesquelz ont en eulz touttes les quatre proprietes dessus dictes;\nfor as touchyng the body  (which is   a masse  elemented) it is  but   a\ncar   quant    au corps  (qui   est une masse element\u00e9e) ce nest que une\nconglutination and combination of the foure elementes in the whiche  our\nconglutination, et combination des quatre elementes     ezquelz   nostre\nLorde hath planted the soule vegetable by the whiche it groweth in\nSeigneur a  plant\u00e9 lame   uegetable   par laquelle il croist en longeur,\nlargenes, and depnes (whiche one calle thre dimensions) by cause that\nlargeur  et profundit\u00e9 (quon    dit  trois   dimensions) a cause  que la\nsayd   vegetable hath in her foure vertues,  by the whiche  she\ndicte  uegetable  a   en soy quatre uertus,  par lesquelles elle\ngroweth, that is to saye,  the atractyve or appetityve, the retentyve,\ncroist,  cest a scauoir,   latractiue    ou appetitiue, la retentyue,\nand expulsive;  a    body    may   nat  ete without appetit, nor may nat\net expulsiue;  une personne ne peult menger sans  app\u00e9tit,  ne  ne peult\nPage 1054\ndegeste without holdyng that mete, or keping in his stomake that which\ndeg\u00e9r\u00e9r   sans  retenir                                ce qui est menge,\nnor may nat grow by the vertue    of such degestion without expulsion or\nne ne peult croistre par la uertu de telle degestion sans   expulsion ou\nevacuation,  for it is    nede     or to destroy   the meate receyved in\neuaccuacion, car il est de necessit\u00e9 ou de destruire la uiande receue en\nthe stomake, or to be destroied by the same;   but to be wyllyng to\nlestomac,    ou estre destruit par   icelle;   mais  uouloir\ngrace of all that which doth depend to this purpos,  shulde be to be\ngrace de tout ce        qui  depend a  ce  pourpos,  seroit    uoulloir\nall the philosophy    naturall  withe all   phisyque  and astrologie\ntoutte la philosophie naturelle auec toutte phisycque   et astrologie\nin shewyng with all all the  movyng   of nature,  wherof procede\nen  comprenant tous   les mouuemens de nature,  dont procedent\nand sprynge  all corruption   and generation   expoundyng what it is\net pulullent toutte corruption et generation    declarant  que cest\nsignes of the Zodiacque   with the seven planettes and all   the starres\nsignes  du Zodiacque  auec les sept planettes  et touttes les estoielles\nfixe, and to shew   how   the sayd XII  signes havyng  relacion,   and\nfixe, et monstr\u00e9r comment lesdictz douse signes aiantz relacion,   et\nto the foure         ben  devided    by foure   triplicites the whiche\naux  quatre elementz sont distinguez par quatre  triplicit\u00e9s lesquelz\nup holde and kepe       up   the fore    sayd  foure   might     and\nsuffultent et maintiennent  les deuant dittes quatre puissances  et\nto the whiche one ought to have recourse  for to put them agayn in ordre\nauxquelz  on  doibt auoir   recours  pour    les remectre   en ordre par\nwhan  by  some  accident they  ben  alterat. But  for   to eschew so\nquant par alcun accident ilz  sont alt\u00e9r\u00e9s. Mais pour   euit\u00e9r sy\nwondrefull prolixite and that I have hope   here   and there therof  to\nenorme     prolixit\u00e9 et  que    jay  espoir  cy  et   la     den\nsomtyme   with your grace,  with that that of it ye have somwhat tasted\nalcune fois auec uostre grace, auec ce quen aues quelque petit goust\u00e9\nin   lernyng  the Ephemerides I  shall  passe   it  so.\nen   apprenant lEph\u00e9m\u00e9rides  je men    passeray a tant.\nPage 1055\nNow turnyng agayn to our  porpos the soule vegetable, as  I  have tolde\nOr retournant a   nostre pourpos   lame  uegetable, come je uous ay  dit,\nsetted  within the myght elemented, the whiche doth upholde her as the\nplant\u00e9e dedans la puissance ellement\u00e9e, la quelle la soubstient come le\nvessell doth the lyker,  and the sensytyve nother more no lesse is\nuaisseau   fait la liqueur,  et la  sensitiue  ne plus ne moins est\nthe vegetable, as  the ratyonell  is  within the sensytyve,  the whiche\nla uegetable, come la racionelle est dedens la sensitiue,  ce que  pou\u00e9z\nclerely parceyve  by that that whan the body   begynneth  to fayle\nclerement apercepuoir par ce que quant le corpz  commence a deffaillir\nby    age  or otherwyse,  the vegetable lyfe herselfe by and by, bycause\npar uiellesse ou aultrement, la uegetable se  pert incontinent,  pour ce\nthat thappetite begyn to fayle whith retayning and voyding,  which make\nque  lappetit    se    pert  auec   retencion et euacuacion,  qui   fait\nthe sensytyve,   for as  the persone lese the luste, and the dygestion,\nla sensitiue,  car come la persone pert lappetit   et le  deg\u00e9r\u00e9r,\nbegynne  he to juge the switte bytter,  and the bytter swete, and say\ncommence il a  jug\u00e9r le doulz am\u00e9r,  et   lam\u00e9r   doulz,   et  dit\nthat whiche  other  may nat   se, and also of all his   fyve wyttes, and\nce que les aultres ne peuuent ueoir, et ainsy de tous ses cincq sens, et\nlykewyse  thintellectyve lese the reason and  the  jugement  of thynges,\npar consequent lintellectiue pert la reason et le discernement des\nfor she beynge in the body humayne can  nat  attayne  to any   knolege\ncar elle estant ou   cors  humain  ne peult  paruenir a aulcune\n(nat beyng inspyred  ghostly)  without it be by the meane of the  fyve\n(selle nest inspir\u00e9e diuinement)  ce se  nest par le moien  des   cincq\nwyttes aparteyning to the sensytyve, for  before that ye do understande\nsens  apartenant   a la sensitiue,  car deuant  que  uous   entendez\nthyng, it behoved   fyrst    that it be to you shewed   by the syght, by\nchose, il faut  premi\u00e9rement quil  uous   soit monstr\u00e9 par la ueue,  par\nmeane of colours, or by the hering by the meane of sound or voise, or by\nmoien de coulleur,  ou par  louye   moiennant    son    ou uoix,  ou par\nsmelyng, goustyng and tastyng, the whiche thyng   so    perceved  by the\nflair\u00e9r, goust\u00e9r   et  tast\u00e9r,  laquelle  chose  ainsy  aperceue par les\nPage 1056\nwyttes, is  sende   to the comon  witt which lieth in the formest parte\nsens,   est enuoi\u00e9e au  commun sens qui   gist  en la  partie anteriore\nbraine,  the whiche goeth  incontinently to the memory  in the whiche he\ncerueau, lequel  sen ua incontinent    a  la  remembrance en laquelle il\nfynde what thynge it is after that one have him somtyme sayd and\ntreuue quelle chose cest selon quon  luy    a autfrefois dit et  appris,\nwherfore it appere  clerly that these thre  myghtes   beyng in    man\npourquoy il appert cl\u00e9rement que ces trois puissances estant en lhome\nand named onely by the name of soule resonable, in takynge denomination\net nomm\u00e9e sullement par le nom  de ame raisonable, en prenant\nof the most noble, that is to understande of her which doth discesse,\nde la  plus noble, qui est a  entendre    de celle qui     discerne,\nben    hankyng   the one of the others, and we juge clerely that the\nsont dependantes les unes des  aultres, et dijudicons cl\u00e9rement que la\nsayd intellectyve or resonable is without comparation more excellent\ndicte intellectiue ou racionelle est sans  comparation plus excellente\nthe others, wherfore we juge her a thought or understandynge incarnate,\nles aultres, pourquoy nous la jugeons une pens\u00e9e ou intelligence\nthe whiche is  perpetuell and immortall, by cause that she is created to\nlaquelle   est perp\u00e9tuelle et  inmort\u00e9lle, pource  quelle   est cr\u00e9e  a\nthymage of God    almighty,   and if you    aske  me of what substaunce\nlimage de Dieu tout puissant, et sy uous me demand\u00e9s de quel mati\u00e9re\nshe is,   I may say that it is fyre spirituell as ben the angels of God,\nelle est, je puis dire que cest feu espiritu\u00e9l come sont les angeles de\nthe whiche shalbe in her hyghe strength and prosperitie, whan she shalbe\nlaquelle sera en sa haulte uigueur et prosperite, alors quelle sera\nfrom her  body, by the meane of the whiche she is infatuate, for by\nde son corps,   par le moien    duquel     elle est infatu\u00e9e, car par\nthe vegetable myght,  with the whiche she  is  bounde, she  thynketh day\nla  uegetable puissance, auec laquelle elle est li\u00e9e,   elle pense  jour\nand nyght to serve  her body  of drinke and meat,   and by cause of the\net  nuyt  a  seruir son corps de boire  et  menger, et  a  cause de la\nwith the whiche she  is  lykewyse      alyed, she  hath her syght   to\nauec laquelle   elle est semblablement ali\u00e9e, elle a    son respect a\nPage 1057\ngeneration,  to  pride  of lyfe,  and to all  lyfe sensyble, the whiche\ngeneracion,  a  orgeul  de uie,  et a toutte uie  sensuelle, qui\nblunt,  rude and forgetefull, and by the whiche she becomed  spotted and\nobtuse, rude et  ygnorante,   et    pourquoy    elle deuient tach\u00e9e et\nas   a   harneys  or clere glasse  doth cancre by humydite of\ncome ung harnois  ou cl\u00e9r mirouer  senroullist par humidit\u00e9 de\nrayne or other moystnesse,  in suche wyse that by this  meane she is\npluie ou aultre moisteur,  tellement     que par ce   moien elle est\nblynded,  and hath no knowlege     of her pasture  wherby   she becometh\naueugl\u00e9e, et na nulle cognoissance de sa pasture  par quoy elle deuient\nlene  and folyshe; for as the wyse man saith, truth  is the fote  of the\nmesgre et ignorante;  car  come  dit  le   sage, uerit\u00e9 est le past  de\nsoule.  Aristotel saith that the soule is  as   a   table made euyn and\nlame.   Aristotle dit   que  lame      est come une table      rase et\npolished, in the whiche all maner shape   and effigiation  doth shyne\npolie,    en laquelle   toutes    formes  et  effigie      reluysent\nwell corporates as  incorporates,  by cause therof we   understande with\nbien corpor\u00e9ez  come incorpor\u00e9ez,   a cause de quoy nous entendons  auec\nthe  angels, that is to saye, in the meane tyme that she is  nat cancred\nles angeles, cest    a  dire  tandis      quelle    nest  pas enrouyll\u00e9e\nsynne, as I have sayd before. Here myght I  open unto  you, what it is\npech\u00e9, come jay  dit  deuant. Icy  uous poulroy je  ouurir  que  cest\nof understandyng actyve and passyble,  but  in this doyng  I  shulde be\ndentendement   agent   et passyble,    mais en ce  faisant je seroie\nMa.\nTrewly, Gyles, I laude your  persuacion,  for by that that ye have sayde\nCertes, Giles, je los   uostre parsuasion,  car par ce  quen   au\u00e9s  dit\nI parceyve  clerelye   that it is nat possyble to declare it, the whiche\njaparcoy    cl\u00e9rement  quil     nest   possible a la declar\u00e9r, ce   quon\nconjecte   by that that she  doth resemble unto God and to be wyllynge\nconjectur\u00e9r  parce    quelle      resemble a  Dieu  et     uoulloir\nto declare his ymage shalde be wyllyng  to do a thyng impossyble,\ndeclar\u00e9r  son image  seroit    uoulloir faire    impossible,\nbycause that he is  uncomprehensyble.\npource   quil  est  incomprehensyble.\nPage 1058\nGil.\nTrewly, madame,  ye  saye the truthe, neverthelesse that the scriplure\nCertes, madame, uous dicte la uerit\u00e9, nonobstant    que   lescripture\nthat Moyses by the graunt of God dyd merit to se his posterioritie,\nque  Moyse par lotroy    de Dieu merita de ueoir sa  posteriorit\u00e9,\nto understande his workes, of the whiche knowlege,   the cabalystes doth\na  entendre ses oeuures, de la quelle cognoissance les cabalistres  font\nfyftie    gates  that   they name  of intelligence, sayeng that the sayd\ncinquante portes quilz  sournomment dintellygence,   disant que  le  dit\nMoyse had nat  but fourty and nyne, by cause that the first is  to knowe\nMoyse nen eust que quarante neuf, parce que la premiere est congnoistre\nGod from the begynnyng, which  is impossyble:  but  he may  be    knowen\nDieu par  prius,    ce qui est impossible: mais il est bien cognoissible\nby posterius, whiche is to understande by  his operacions, as   knowlege\npar posterius,   qui   est a   entendre   par ses operacions, come\ncomunely  cometh unto us for bycause that we do  serche    the causes by\ncomunement nous   uient   pour ce que    nous perscrutons les causes par\nthe  dedes of them,  and nat  to the  contrary.  From hensforth I shall\nles effectz dicelles, et non point au contraire. Desormais      je uous\nof the philosophers of the whiche some have sayd that it is  nombre\ndes   philosophes   desquelz les  ungz ont  dit  que  cest   nombre\nselfe    others     that  it is  made  of atmos  which ben parties\nmouuant les aultres quelle est  faicte de atmos  qui sont partiez\nor indivisible:  others that it is fyre, the others that it is ayr, the\nou indiuisyble:  aultres que cest  feu,  les aultres que  cest air, les\nothers  have sayd that it is a  maner of armonie with  others  infinites\naultres ont dit que   cest  une maniere  darmonie auec daultres infiniez\nopinions:  but levyng them there,   the prophete spekyng in  our   Lorde\nopinions:  mais les laissant la,  Isaie le  prophete parlant en nostre\nsayd:  All brethyng have I made,  whiche is to understande of the soules\ndit:  _Omne flatum ego feci,_  qui    est a   entendre  des    ames\nLorde  have all  created, and the        spekyng  of those soules sayth:\nSeigneur a touttes cr\u00e9ez, et le psalmistre parlant  dicelles        dit:\nHe  that created all hertes: whiche is to understande the soules, for\nQui finxit singulatim corda: cest       a        dire les ames,   car\nPage 1059\nthe principall membre  of the man, the whiche is  the  candelstyke of\nle  principall membre  de lhomme,  lequ\u00e9l     est le   chandeli\u00e9r  de\nsusteynyng her  by   maner   of spekyng,  as   the candelstyke doth  the\nla soustenant   par  maniere de parl\u00e9r,   come le  chandeli\u00e9r  fait  la\nthe whiche beyng  racionelle  and quycke  dothe quicken  invisible and\nla  quelle estant racionelle  et  sensible   uiuifie     inuisiblement,\nspiritually   and mervellously     all  the  membres and  inward  of the\nspirituellement et  merueilleusement tous les membres et  entrailles du\nbody  by  the comandement of the,    as well by  within as   by  without,\ncorpz par le  comandement  du canter, tant   par dedens come par dehors,\nin ministring   of onespecable maner  to the fyve  wyttes their power,\nen administrant de maniere indicible  aux    cincq sens   leur  pouoir,\nseeth by  the eyen  and heer by  the   eeres,    she mel (smele) and by\nuoit  par les yeulz et  oyt  par les   oreilles, odore et flaire par\nand discerne the savours  by  the,       by  the feelyng she  reule and\net  discerne les scaueurs par le goust,  par le  tacte   elle regle et\nall  the membres of the body  in generall, she           and stande  by\ntous les membres   du   corps en generall, elle subsiste et  demeure par\nfoure  maner    of reasons, by  wit,  sapience,            and wyll,\nquatre manieres de raisons, par sens, sapience, cogitacion et uoullent\u00e9,\nthe wit doth parteyne    to the lyfe, the sapience to the understandyng,\nle  sens     appartient  a  la  uie,  la sapience  a  lentendement,\nto the counsel,  the wyll     to the defence.  And howbeit that the sayd\nau     conseil,  la uoullent\u00e9 a  la  deffence. Et  combien que  la dicte\nbe  one,    she  hath nevertheles  many    kyndes  and rayment   in her,\nsoit unicque, elle a touttes fois plusieurs especes et aornament en soy,\nfor wher she doth  brethe she  is  called  sperit,  whan  she  fele  one\ncar la ou elle  espire elle est appel\u00e9e  esperit, quant elle sent  on la\ndo call her wit, and whan she  take  strength one call her corrage, whan\nnomme     sens, et quant elle prent uigueur on la   dit  courrage, quant\nunderstande, she  is   named  understandyng, whan  she  discusse,  one\nentend,      elle est  nomm\u00e9e entendement,   quant elle discerne,  on\nreason, whan  she  consente, one   call her wyll,      and  whan  she\nraison, quant elle consent,  on la nomme    uoullent\u00e9, et   quant elle\nPage 1060\nremembre she  is  sayde memory,  and whan she  doth grow and encrease\nremembre elle est dicte memoire, et quant elle ueg\u00e9te et croist en\nthe vertue, she  is  called   the soule, the whiche  lyveng  justely  is\nla vertu,   elle est appell\u00e9e lame,    laquelle   uiuant loiallement est\nthe ymage of God, so pleasant that he of her make is chare and his\nlimage    de Dieu, tant pleasant quil   en   fait sa chare et son temple,\nas      wytnesseth  my lorde saynt Poule sayeng.\ncome le tiesmoigne  monsieur saint Paul  disant: Templum Dei quod estis\n     The beautie or raymentes of her  ben, that by heryng she  beleveth,\nvos. Les aornementz         dicelle sont que  par louye  elle croist,\nby desyre, and fynde  by  sapyence, she  aske   by  prayers, and receyve\npar desir, et  treuue par sapience, elle demande par oraison, et recoit\nby  grace, she  kepe  by  mekenes,  and  helpe    by   mercy,       by\npar grace, elle garde par humilit\u00e9, et   sequeure par  misericorde, par\nbenignite forgyve, and aquiere by teachyng, she   worke   by   penaunce,\nbenignit\u00e9 pardonne, et acquiert par doctrine, elle compose par\nby  examples, the faire thynges, and by  connyng  the clere  and fayre,\npar exemples, les belles choses, et  par sciences les cl\u00e9res et  nectes,\nis  fre    by  onely  goodnes, and by  softnes, mansuetude, and swetenes\nest franche par seulle bont\u00e9,   et  par leintz  mansuetude  et  doulceur\nplaine, she is by prudence   discrete,    and by  symplenes  hoole,  by\nplayne, elle est par prudence circonspecte, et  par  simplicit\u00e9 enti\u00e9re,\nsubtiltie sobre, and by  justice  ryghtfull,   she  is   nat hasty  by\nsubtilit\u00e9 sobre, et  par justice  droituri\u00e9re, elle est  longanime  par\nand by  obedience redy,   by  good  doyng pure and clene,  and by  hope\net  par obedience preste, par bien  faire pure et  monde,  et  par\nabydyng,    by  abstinence temperat,  and by  chastyte holy,    by\nattendable, par abstinence attremp\u00e9e, et  par chastet\u00e9 saincte, par\nspirituall  and mery,    and by  confession  open,    by  martirdom\nspirituelle et  joieuse, et  par confession  ouuerte, par martire\naornat, and by unite catholicque, by  concorde  peasyble:   and by  love\naourn\u00e9e, et  par unit\u00e9 catolicque, par concorde pacificque, et par amour\nand deleccion of her neyghbour large and lyberalle: by  charite parfect\net  deleccion de son prouchain large et lyberalle, par charit\u00e9 parfaite.\nPage 1061\nMa.\nTrewly                  I  am   ryght glade  to   here     you,   and\nEn bonne uerit\u00e9, Giles, je suis tresjoieuse  de  uous auoir ouy,  et\nin your wordes solas  and recreation:  but  I  praye you, good syr, tell\nen uos parolles soulas et recr\u00e9ation: mais je uous prie, beau sire,\nus     somwhat     of the body   and of his worckes.\nnous quelque chose   du   corps  et  de ses operations.\nGil.\nCertainly        the  body,  as   I  have tolde you here before, is  the\nCertainement, madame, le   corps, come je vous ay dit cy deuant, est le\nvessell   of the soule, and doth serve of none other thynge but to beare\nuaisseau  de   lame     et  ne   sert     daultre   chose  que de porter\nhowbeit  that some  sayen that the soule doth beare him, by   cause that\ncombien  que  alcun dient que    lame         le porte, pour ce que sans\nher,  he his deth and   may nat   styre  ne  move.    But  settyng asyde\nicelle il est mort et  ne se peult bouger ne  mouuoir. Mais   postposant\nsuche  reasons,    trew it is that in his necessite  he   must be holpen\ntelles raisons,  il est ueray   quen  ses necessit\u00e9s le   fault secourir\nthat wyll  kepe the soule hole in a hole  body,  in his hungre one must\nqui  ueult garder   lame  saineen ung corps sain, en sa fain   lui fault\ngyve him meate,   and in his thurst drinke, in labour  rest,  slepe  in\ndonn\u00e9r   uiande,  et  en sa  soif a boire,  en labeure repos, sompne en\nwerinesse,  in  tristes   and hevynesse myrth,   in  sorow   confort and\nfatigacion, en  tristesse et  ennuy     armonie, en  doulloir comfort et\nhelth, in sekenesse strength and vertue, in drede socour and in darkenes\nsalut, en foiblesse force    et  uertue, en crainte refuge et entenebres\nlyght,  and in bataill  peas,      and  lykewyse   as  the body  may nat\nlumi\u00e9re et  en bataille paix, etc. et tout ainsy que le  corps ne  peult\nlyve  without that whiche to him is necessary, nother more nor lesse may\nuiure sans    ce   qui    luy    est necessaire, ne   plus  ne  moins ne\nnat   the soule by  proces     of tyme  contynewe without her propre\npeult   lame    par diuturnit\u00e9 de temps subsist\u00e9r sans    sa  propre\nfor her meate  his the dyvyn commandement, her drinke   is\ncar sa  uiande est le  diuin comandement,  son beuurage est\npure    praier, her bath  is  fastyng trew     and ryghtwyse,   her\noraison pure,   son baing est june    legitime et  droituri\u00e9re, sea\nPage 1062\nclothyng  almesses   of her propre goodes, her songe and melody  is  the\nuestementz sont aulmosne de son   propre,   son chant et  melodie est la\ncontynuall  laude   of God,  her rest  is  parfait   poverte, her helth\ncontinuelle louenge de Dieu, son repos est parfaitte pouret\u00e9, sa  sant\u00e9\nis  the sekenes of the body,  her socour is  pure penaunce, her peace is\nest la  maladye   du   corps, son refuge est pure penitence, sa paix est\ncharite plentyfull, wherfore we   ought   well to folow our    creatour\ncharit\u00e9 habondante, pourquoy nous debuons bien ensuiuir nostre creatour\nJesu  Christ, and the saintes fathers whiche have ben before us in\nJhesu Crist,  et  les saintz  peres   qui    nous ont pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s  en\nlernyng  mekeness of Jesu   Christ, devotyon of saynt Peter,  charitie\napprenant humilit\u00e9 de Jhesuh Crist,  deuotion de saint Pierre, charit\u00e9\nof saynt Johan, obedyence of Abraham, hospitalytie of Loth, longe\nde saint Jehan, obedience  dAbraham,  hospitalit\u00e9  de Loth, longanimit\u00e9\nof Isaac, sufferaunce of Jacob, pacience of Job, chastitie of Joseph,\nde Isaac, tolerance   de Jacob, pacience de Job, chastet\u00e9  de Joseph,\nsoftnesse  of Moyses, stedfastnesse of Josue, benignytie of Samuell,\nmansuetude de Moyse,  constance     de Josue, benignit\u00e9  de  Samuel,\nmercy       of Davyd, almysdede of Tobye, abstynence of Danyell,\nmisericorde de Dauid, aulmosne  de Tobie, abstinence de Daniel,\nspeculation of Hely,  experience of saynt Paule, penaunce  soroufull  of\ntheoricque  de Heli\u00e9, practicque de saint Pol,   penitence lacrimeuse de\nMary  Magdaleyne, pure confessiyon of the thefe, martiyrdome of saynt\nMarie Magdalaine, pure confessyon  du   laron,   martire     de saint\nStephane, and lyberalytie of saynt Laurence. Ye may se, right noble\nEstienne  et  liberalit\u00e9  de saint Laurens.    Vesla,   tres  noble\nthat I have founde so well of the soule resonable, as   of the vegetable\nce que  jay   peu trouuer tant de lame  raisonable come de la  u\u00e9g\u00e9table\nand sensytyve, howbeit that I have here touched no thyng but   the\net  sensitiue, combien que  nay    icy    rien   touch\u00e9  sinon la\nfor I  to you dare well say, that every    worde   here doth comprehende\ncar je  uous  ose  bien dire que  chescune parolle icy       comprent\na   great boke  in his declaration, trustyng that whiche rudely   I have\nung grant liure en sa  declaracion, esperant que  ce que rudement jay\nPage 1063\nhere putte in termes shalbe occasyon that in tyme  to come ye   shalbe\nicy  mis   en termes sera   occasion que  ou temps aduenir uous seres\nmoved   for to serche  the remenaunt,   prayeng the swete Jesus, that it\ninstigu\u00e9e de  perscrut\u00e9r le  demourant, priant  le  doulx Jhesuh que  ce\nbe   to  the honour of God   and to the helth of your   soule.\nsoit a     lhonneur de Dieu  et   au    salut de uostre ame.\nMa.\nGod  graunt that so may  it    happen.\nDieu ueulle que  ainsy   puist aduenir.\nOTHER COMMUNYCATION BETWENE THE LADY MARY AND HER AMNER,\nOF  THE EXPOSYTION  OF THE MASSE, FOR INTRODUCTION\nIN THE FRENCH TONGE.\nMary.\nI have good  memory,  maistre  Amnere,   how    ye   sayd   one day that\nJay  bonne memoire, monsieur lAumosnier, coment uous disi\u00e9z ung jour que\nwe ought   nat   to pray       at   masse, but  rather onely to here and\nne debuons point or\u00e9r ne pri\u00e9r a la messe, ains seullement    ouir   et\nharken,   and dyd prove it by  that one  say comunely:   I   go     here\naccout\u00e9r, et   le prouuez  par ce  quon dit comunement: je  men uoy ouir\nmasse, whiche my lorde the President fortifyng   sayd  that  we be nat\nmesse, ce que monsieur le President  corroboroit disant que ne sommes\nbounde  by  the lawe to say,  but  onely     to here, is   it nat trewe?\noblig\u00e9s par la  loy  de dire, mais seullement  douir,  nest il pas uray?\nLau.\nYe,  verely, madame.\nOuy, certes, madame.\nMa.\nWherfore  than    sayth the preest  after the offytorie, in hym tournyng\nPourquoy  doncques dit  le  prestre apres loffertoire,   en soi tournant\npeople, pray  for  me,  etc. and  our   Lorde   at his passyon  sayd  to\npeuple, priez pour moy, etc. et Nostre Seigneur a  sa  passion  disoit a\nhis discyples,   watch   and pray, that  ye  entre nat  in temptation,\nses disciples,   ueill\u00e9s et  or\u00e9s, affin que  nentr\u00e9s   en temptation,\nthat if our    Lorde     wolde nat   our prayers, why       had  he made\nque  sy Nostre Seigneur ne uoulloit  nos pri\u00e9rez, pourquoy  eust il fait\nthe\nle _Pater noster_.\nPage 1064\nLau.\nCertaynely           that whiche I shewed you was nat  onely     but for\nCertainement, madame, ce que    uous disoie nestoit  seullement que pour\nto shew you how    you  ought to maintene you  at the masse,  specyally\nuous monstrer coment uous uous debu\u00e9s contenir a la messe, especiallement\nunto that   that  one  monysshe  you for to pray.\njusques a ce quon   uous admoneste    de pri\u00e9r.\nMa.\nIn my  God,   I  can   nat  se    what we   shall do at the masse, if we\nEn mon Dieu,  je  ne puis   u\u00e9oir que  nous   ferons a  la messe se nous\nLau.\nNo.\nNon, madame.\nMa.\nNo,  trewly.\nNon, certes.\nLau.\nYe  shall thynke to the mystery of the masse and shall herken the wordes\nUous penser\u00e9s  au    mist\u00e9re de la  messe et   accouter\u00e9s  les  parolles\nthat the  preest   say.\nque le   prestre  dit.\nMa.\nYee,  and what shall do they   whiche understande it nat.\nUoir, et  que   feront  ceulz  qui    point ne lentendent.\nLau.\nThey shall beholde, and shall here,   and thynke, and by that they shall\nIlz   regarderont,  et  accoutteront, et  penseront, et  par ce\nMa.\nI  pray  you, good  syr,   tell   me  what   they shall thynke, so\nJe uous prie, beau  sire,  dictes moy a quoy ilz   penseront,   affin\nthat  I may se     where lyeth that that ye tell me.\nque   puisse ueoir ou    gist  ce   que   me dictes.\nLau.\nI shall shewe it you  of good herte          but  if  it please  you it\nJe le uous diray  de bon  coeur, madame, mais sil   uous uient a plaisir\nshalbe  at  soupper,  for your   diner  is  ended.\nce sera a   soupp\u00e9r,  car uostre disn\u00e9r est acheu\u00e9.\nMa.\nWell at soupper be it.\nBien a  soupp\u00e9r soit.\nCOMMUNICATION  AT  SOUPER  TO  THIS  PURPOS.\nMary.\nNow,    maistre  Amener,    I have herd say  that  promysse  is   dette.\nOr sus, monsieur lAmosni\u00e9r,  jay   ouy  dire que   promesse  est  debte.\nPage 1065\nLau.\nTrewly      it his trew,  specially   of the mouth  of a  faithfull man.\nCertes, madame, il est certain, especiallement   de   bouche  de  fid\u00e9l.\nMa.\nDo ye nat holde you for suche?\nNe uous   tenes  pas  it\u00e9l?\nLau.\nYe     verely.\nSy fay certes, madame.\nMar.\nNow acquite  you  than  and kepe  promis,   for to kepe promys cometh of\nOr uous acquit\u00e9s doncques et ten\u00e9s promesse, car tenir promesse vient de\nnoblenesse.\nnoblesse.\nLau.\nWell,  sith it  is so  that ye do comande it, it shall please you to\nBien  puisquainsy est  que   le  comand\u00e9s,    il  uous   plaira\nmasse is  the testament, the which our    Lorde              made before\nmesse est le  testament, le  quel  Nostre Seigneur Jhesu Christ fist\nhis deth and passyon, whiche is none other  thynge (as ye well know)\nsa  mort et  passyon, que    nest    aultre chose  (come  bien scau\u00e9s)\nlaste    wyll      of a parson, touchyng the disposicion of is  goodnes\ndarni\u00e9re uoullent\u00e9 dune parson, quant a  la  disposition de ses biens\nafter  his deth, wherfore our  Lorde    wyllyng  to dye for  the humaine\nappres sa  mort, pourquoy Nostre Seigneur uoullant mourir pour lhumain\nkyndred, dyd ordayne that his precious body  shuld be put to deth for\nlegnage,   ordonna   que  son precieuz corps seroit   mis a  mort pour\nour synnes, in memory  and wytnesse  therof  he  lefte us   and ordayned\nnos p\u00e9ch\u00e9s, en m\u00e9moire et  tiesmoing de quoy il nous laissa et  ordonna\nus the sacrament of theaulter in remembraunce  of his sayd  passyon, to\nle  sacrement de laut\u00e9l   en commemoracion de sa  dicte passion, affin\nthat every one whyche shal beleve in the sayd mistery, that is to know\nque  chescun   que    croira   ou deuant dit  mist\u00e9re, cest   a  scauoir\nincarnation, passyon and resurrection represented in the foresayde\nincarnation, passion et  resurection  representez  ou deuant dit\nshuld be made partener    of the merite of the same, which is  our\nseroit   fait participant du     merite   dicelle,   qui   est nostre\nNow it is  so    that we  may  make  no  greatter honour  to God\nOr  est il ainsy que  ne pouons faire plus grand  honneur a  Dieu\nPage 1066\nthan to estymat him trew,     vhere as he is  trew lyfe,   nor  greatter\nque  lestim\u00e9r     u\u00e9ritable (la  ou   il est uray uerit\u00e9) ne  plus grand\nthan to mystrust hym. He hath left us  the sayd sacrament by  way     of\nque  de le mescroire. Il nous a laisse le  dit  sacrement par mani\u00e9re de\ntestament, to the ende that every one of us  may be proved by his fayth:\ntestament, affin       que  ung chescun de nous soit prouu\u00e9 par sa  foy:\nfor so moche as the parsone beleved, so moch she shall receyve: the\ncar autant  que la  personne croyt, tant    elle      rechoit: la  messe\nthan  is  rehersyng    of his glorious  passyon, in the whiche lyeth the\ndoncque est recapitulation de sa  glorieuse passyon, en laquelle gist la\nremyssyon of  synnes, and  where one ought to seke it, and nat elswhere,\nremission des pechez, et   la ou on la doibt cerch\u00e9r,  et  non ailleurs,\nthe gyveng  remyssyon doth ratify   and approve  the repentaunce and\n contrityon\nle  donnant remission      ratisfie et  approuue la  compunccion et\n  contricion\nof the synner,  askyng   pardone by  the meryte of the said passion, the\ndu     pecheur, demandant pardon  par le  merite dicelle     passion, la\nis  nat  goten  in    angre       agaynst  Anna, Caiphas, Pylate, Herode\nne saquiert pas en ce courouceant encontre Anne, Caiphe,  Pilate, Herode\nand the turmentours whiche dyd put our    Lorde    to dethe, and to be\net      satellites  qui    meirent Nostre Seigneur a  mort,  et  destre\nsoroufull   that our    Lorde    hath so moche suffred  for  us, rather\ndesplaisant que  Nostre Seigneur a    tant     souffert pour nous, ains\nthe contrary,  for he it defended,  where he said: doughter of Jerusalem\nle  contraire, car il le defendist, ou    il dist: fille    de Jhrusalem\nwepe     nat     upon me,  but rather upon you  and    your chyldren, as\nne plour\u00e9s point sur  moy, mais       sur  uous et sur uos  enfans, come\nhe  wolde have sayd: ye   and they ben  cause of my deth, for I  dye  in\nsil uoulsist   dire: uous et eulz sont cause de ma mort, car je meurs en\nsatisfaccion of your synnes.  In approbation of the whiche our  mother\nsatisfaction de uos  pech\u00e9z.  En approbacion de     quoy   nostre m\u00e9re\nChurche make myrth and her rejoyse in suche wyse, that she is nat aferde\nEglise  exulte     et  se  resjouist tellement   quelle  ne craind point\nO happy   synne,  which hath deserved suche a redemer!    Ye,   and that\nO heureulz pechez, qui   a   merit\u00e9   t\u00e9l     redempteur! Voire, et  qui\nPage 1067\nis,  she  doth call the crosse swete,  and the nayles the whiche were\nest, elle appelle   la  croix  doulce, et  les clouz  lesquelz   furent\nfor  us,   but  nat     for  hym, for they hym peerced  his glorious\npour nous, mais non mie pour luy, car ilz luy perc\u00e9rent ses glorieus\nand handes, in shedyng    his sacred    and blessed blode, with\net  mains,  en respandant son tressacre et  benoit  sang,  auec\npayne and sorowe.  We   shall leave here tyll    to morowe or\npaine et  doulleur. Nous laisserons icy  jusques a  demain ou\nif it so please to your   good  grace.\nsy ainsy plaist a  uostre bonne grace.\nMa.\nThe pleasure of God  be done, maister  amner,      the whiche  wyll\nLe  plaisir  de Dieu soit,    monsieur laumosnier, lequel uous ueulle\nof your good   wordes.\nde uos  beaulz diz, etc.\n          THE   REMENAUNT   OF   THE   SAYD   COMMUNYCATION,\n                WICHE IS OF THE CEREMONYES OF THE MASSE,\n                   FOR  INTRODUCTION   IN THE   SAYD\nThe amener.\nYour  hignes  was wont   here   before to begynne altercation    betwene\nUostre  celsitude souloit  par cy deuant commencer  laltercation   entre\nus   twayne, but  bycause that I se you sadde   and hevy   more  than\nnous deux,   mais pource  que  uous uoy pensive et  remyse plus  que\nye have  of custome,  I shall inhardysshe  and put me in prease at this\nnau\u00e9s    de coustome, je      menhardiray  et  ingereray        a  ceste\nto  move  you      and  provoke  to wyllyng  to here thexposition of the\nde  uous instigu\u00e9r et   prouocqu\u00e9r a  uoulloir    ouir lexposition  des\ncerimoniez de la  messe.\nMa.\nWithout   falte  ye shall do to me  servyce agreable, wherfore  begynne\nInfalliblement   uous   me fer\u00e9s    seruice agreable, pourquoy  comenc\u00e9s\nwhan  ye  shall thinke best.\nquant bon uous  semblera.\nPage 1068\nLau.\nI  suppose that your       hath nat   forgotten that which here   before\nJe suppose que  uostre grace na  point oubli\u00e9   ce   que   par cy deuant\nI    have shewed you of the masse,  wherefore in  procedyng  further,\nuous ay   dit       de la  messe,  pour quoy en  procedant  plus oultre,\ntrew    that the cloth  or the first   lynyne that the preest  put  upon\nbien uray que le  uoille ou la  primi\u00e9r linge  que  le  prestre mect sur\nhis heed  in makyng him redy  at the masse, doth signifie the cloth\nsa  teste en   se   preparant a  la  messe, signifie      le  drap\nLorde    had  his eyen  bynded, whan    the  tormentours gyvyng    him\nSeigneur eubt les yeulx bend\u00e9s, quant   les  satellites   luy  donnant\nblowes                  dyd say:  prophecy   who hath stroke the. Than\ndes buffes et souffletz disoient: prophetise qui ta   frapp\u00e9.     Puis\nthe aube white  that signifye the gowne whiche    gave him  reputyng him\nlaube    blance qui  signifie la  robbe que  Herode  lui donna lestimant\na fole, bycause that he  beyng  in his presence wold nat   do    some\nfol,    pour ce que  luy estant en sa  presence ne uoullut faire aulcun\nmiracle.  She  do sygnifye also  that so well the herer of the masse as\nmiracle.  Elle   signifie aussy que  sy bien lauditeur de la  messe come\nthe  saier,  ought    to be  chaste, or they be nat   worthy to be  to\nle diseur, doibuent estre  chaiste, ou ilz ne sont point dignes destre a\nsuche misteris. The gyrdell   lykewyse     sygnifye chastit\u00e9,  for our\ntel   mist\u00e9re. La  chainture pareillement signifie chastet\u00e9,  car Nostre\nLorde    in apperyng     to his  prophetes  was wont to say:  gyrte  thy\nSeigneur en apparoissant a  ses  proph\u00e9tes  seult       dire: chains tes\nraynes as   a   man,    for the vertu of the man lyeth  in his  rains;\nrains  come ung homme,  car la  vertu de lhome   gist   ez      rains;\nthan the stole that he put  about  his    necke and of  his  body,\npuis lestolle  que     mect entour de son col   et  de  son corps,\nthe corde wherof   his precious   body   was tyed to the pylar  by\nla  corde dont     son precieus   corps  fut lie    au   pili\u00e9r par\nmanypule  doth sygnifye the same wherof  his  preciouse  handes were\nmanipule  signifie      celle    dont    ses  precieuses mains  furent\nand the cheasuble doth represente the pylard  and the crosse that Pylate\net  le  chasuble  represente      le  pilier  et  la  croix  que  Pilate\nPage 1069\ncharge   upon his  precious sholdres  after that he had juged him  to be\nchergea  sur  ses  espaules precieuses appres     lauoir jug\u00e9s    destre\nfor  us   crucified;  than after  in lyke    maner  as   in   beryng\npour nous crucifi\u00e9z;  puis appres ne plus ne moins  come en   portant\nthe same  crosse,  he went   to his deth and passyon, in lyke wyse  come\nicelle    crois,   il alloit a  sa  mort et  passion, tout  ainsy  uient\nthe  preest  for  to begynne the memory      of the same, in himselfe\nle   prestre pour comenc\u00e9r   la  remembrance dicelle,     en se\nfyrst    shrivyng   to us,   where as prayeng  to God  to be wyllyng him\npremierement confessant a nous, la    ou priant      Dieu   luy uoulloir\nto forgyve, we   confesse us  to him      lykewyse,  the whiche  praieng\npardonn\u00e9r, nous nous confessons a luy  pareillement, le  quel    priant\nfor     us, doth   gyve us  absolucion,  than goth he to the auter.   I\npour  nous, nous   donne    absolucion,  puis sen  ua a  laut\u00e9l, etc. Je\nhave declared to you the signification of the raymentes   belongyng   to\nuous ay declar\u00e9s     les signifiances  des    abillementz appartenant au\nof the masse,  unto     the introite   of the same, the whiche  with the\nde la  messe,  jusques a  lintroite      dicelle,     le  quel  auec le\noverplus shalbe to you declared an  other tyme at your good pleasure and\nsourplus uous sera     epilogu\u00e9 ung aultre fois a uostre bon  plaisir et\ncommandement.\ncommandement.\nMa.\nI  agre therto, maistre amener,     thankyng you     with all  my  herte\nJe my acorde,  monsieur laulmosni\u00e9r, uous remerciant de   tout mon coeur\nof your   good  techyng.\nde uostre bonne doctrine.\nLau.\nTo good  and   honour  may        it tourne to you,  madame.\nA  bien  et    honneur uous puist il tourn\u00e9r,        madame.\nPage 1070\n    ANOTHER COMMUNICATION, WHERE DYVERSE MANER METES  BEN NAMED,\n           WHICHE IS A RIGHT NECESSARY WAYE FOR SHORTELY\n             TO COME TO THE FRENCHE SPECHE, BETWENE\n                  THE LADY MARY AND HER  AMENER.\nLau.\nMoche good do it you,  madame.\nBon   prew uous  face, madame.\nMa.\nYe be well come, maistre  Amener.\nBien soi\u00e9z uenu, monsieur lAumosni\u00e9r.\nLau.\nWhat?    is  it so late.  Trewly I     thought nat   that the borde was\nComment? est il sy tard.  Certes je ne cuidoie point que  la  table fust\ncovered  nor the clothe layde, and ye   have alredy eaten  your  porage.\ncouuerte ne  la  nappe  mise,  et uous au\u00e9s desja  meng\u00e9  uostre potage.\nMa.\nHow    knowe ye the same, paraventure that I have nat.\nComent le scaues uous,    peult estre que  non ay.\nLau.\nIt is  well possyble,  how be it that  I    wolde     parswade you\nIl est bien possible,  combien   que   uous uouldroie persuad\u00e9r\nto  eate of it somwhat.\nden meng\u00e9r quelque petit.\nMa.\nWhy,      I  pray you.\nPourquoy, je uous prie.\nLau.\nBycause that physicions ben of opynyon that one ought to begyn the meate\nParce   que les medecins  sont dopinion   quon doibt comenc\u00e9r le  meng\u00e9r\nof vitayle          to thende that by  that meane to gyve direction\nde uiandes liquides affin     de   par ce   moien donn\u00e9r  direccion\nto the remenant.\nau     sourplous.\nMa.\nHow    are   you a physicion,  I  thought that ye   had been a lawyer.\nComent estes uous  medecin,    je cuidoye que  vous fusses     legiste.\nLau.\nTrewly   men ben wont to   say   every man    to be a phisycion,  but he\nCertes, madame, on  seult    dire  ung chescun  estre medecin, synon  le\nthat is sycke.\nmalade.\nPage 1071\nMa.\nAnd  ye   be     nat sicke,   wherfore   ye  have      concluded you\nEt  uous nestes point malade, pourquoy uous uous estes conclud  medecin,\ndeclare  me  therfore the qualyties and properties of these meates\ndeclar\u00e9s moy doncques les qualit\u00e9s  et  propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de ces   uiandes\nthat I may knowe        the whiche ben    most    holsome for me,  and\nque puisse congnoistre  lesquelles sont les plus  saines pour moy, et\nI  shall alowe  your  phisycke.\njapprouueray   uostre medecine.\nLau.\nCertaynly, madame, I shall shewe you  gladlye    all that I can. I  have\nCertes,  madame, je uous en diray  uoullenti\u00e9r ce  que jen scay. Je vous\ntolde you alredy myne advyse of the porage, and  touchyng  the  befe: I\nay   desja   dit mon   aduis   du   potage, et   touchant  le   beuf: je\ndo estymate him of nature melancolyke  and engendre and produce grose\nlestime         de nature melancolyque et  engendre et produit  gros\nblode well norisshyng folkes          and  of stronge complexion, whiche\nsang  bien nourissant  gens  robustes  et  de  forte  complexion, qui\noccupy them   in great busynesse and    payne; the moton boyled  is  of\nse  exercent  en grand trauaill   et  labeurs; le mouton bouilly est de\nnature and  complexion sanguyne, the whiche, to my jugement, is  holsome\nnature et   complexion sanguine, lequel      a mon jugement  est   sain\nfor  your   grace;  capons  boyled  and chekyns ben  lykewyse\npour uostre grace; chappons boullis  et poucins sont semblablement\nof good nourysshyng and doth engender good blode, but  whan they  ben\nde bonne nourriture  et  engendrent    bon sang, mais quant ilz sont\nrosted, they ben  somwhat     more colloryke,  and all   maner of meates\nrostiz, ilz  sont ung tantet plus colericques, et toutte mani\u00e9res de\nrosted the tone more the tother lesse. And  all   foules  and  byrdes\nrostiez lune    plus  laultre   mains. Et  toutz uollatilles et oyseaulz\nof water    as   ben  swannes, gese, malardes, teales, herons,  bytters,\nde riui\u00e9res come sont cignes, oiez, malartz, cercelles, hairons, butors,\nand all   suche byrdes   ben  of  nature  melancolyke,   lesse\net  tous  telz  oyseaulz sont de  nature melancolicques, moins\nrosted than  boyled. And conys, hares,  rabettes, buckes, does, hartes,\nrostis que boullis. Et conins, lieures, laperaus, dains, daines, cerfs,\nPage 1072\nhyndes, robuckes or lepers    holde    also  all  of melancoly,  but\nbiches, cheureus ou saillantz tiennent aussy tous de melencolie, mais\nof all    meates the best      and most utille to the body of man is of\nde touttz uiandz la  meillure  et  plus utille a   corps  homain est de\ncapons,   chyckyns,  faisantes, partriches, yonge partriches,\nchappons, poucins,   faisans,   perdris,  perdreaus, plouuiers, pigeons,\nquailles, suites,    wodcockes, turtell doves, knyghtes,   stares,\ncalles,   becasses,  uidecocz,  tourterelles,  cheualiers, estourneauz,\nsparows, or,            finches,                     gold finches,\nmoinons, ou passeriauz, pinchons, uerdieres, frions, cardinotes,\nthrushe felde fare, and all     kyndes  of small byrdes,  (wherof   the\nmaluis  griues,    et  touttes esp\u00e9ces de petis oiseletz, (desquelz les\nnames ben  without nombre) ben   metes   norisshyng    and of litell\nnoms  sont infinitz)       sont  uiandes nourrissantes et  de facille\nand that engendre   good blode,  howbeit  that in   Spaine  and   in\net  qui  engendrent bon  sang,   combien  quen      Espagne et    en\nFraunce the use of suche metes   is  more to be commended   than   ours.\nFrance  lusage  de t\u00e9lz  uiandes est plus     comendable  que le nostre.\nMa.\nWhy,    I  pray you, have ye nat   haboundance of suche game   in  this\nPourquoy, je uous prie, nauons nous pas plent\u00e9   de t\u00e9l   gibi\u00e9r en  ce\nrealme  as   they have there.\nroialme come ilz  ont  la.\nLau.\nYe forsoth,      madame, but  we   do nat use   it    so well, for they\nSy auons certes, madame, mais nous nen    usons point sy bien, car ilz\nalwayes with the best    and ende      with the most grosse whiche they\ntousjours    la meillure et  finissent a    la  plus grosse        quilz\nleave     for  the servantes,  where as we   do      al   the contrary.\nlaissent  pour les seruiteurs, la    ou nous faisons tout le  contraire,\nIf it please  to your   grace, we   shall make ende of  our\nSil   plaist  a  uostre grace, nous   ferons   fin  de  nostre\nunto  soupper, at the whiche, if ye thynke best, we  shall make an ende.\njusques a soupp\u00e9r,  auqu\u00e9l,     se bon uous semble, nous   paracheurons.\nMa.\nSe    be  it as   ye wyll.\nAinsy soit   come le uoull\u00e9s.\nPage 1073\n                THE COMMUNICATION AT SOUPER.\nMary.\nDo ye  remembre,    maistre  amener,     that ye have nat   yet\nUous   souuient il, monsieur laumosnier, que naues    pas   encore\ncomplexions and propertes of meates  that whiche have  begonne,  and nat\ncomplexions et  nature  de  uiandes  que  uous   aues  entam\u00e9ez, et  non\nfinished.\nacheu\u00e9ez.\nLau.\nTrewly, madame, ye   have   reason,   wherfore in fulfyllyng that whiche\nCertes, madame, uous au\u00e9z   rayson,   pourquoy en accomplissant ce   que\nbegon,     I  do   warne you  that all maner  meates  sodden   what\nencomenc\u00e9, je uous aduertis   que  touttes    uiandes bouilliez quelles\nso ever it be, holde  more of the ayre and of the water (whiche ben  two\nquelles soient, tiennent plus  de   lair et de  leau  (qui    sont deulx\nelementes wherof doth come and springe   blode and fleame:   understande\nelementz  dont   procedent et  pullulent sang  et  fleugme:  nentendes\nnat neverthelesse but  all maner of meate      holde of the  foure\npas touttes fois  que  touttes      uiandes ne tiennent des  quatre\nthe one  more and the other lesse, for if I  be   well enformed, the\nles unes plus et  aultres   moins, car se je suis bien aduerty,  la\nof  thynges  take  denomynation of the qualytes principall  domynant  in\ndes choses   prent denomination de la  qualyt\u00e9  principalle dominant  en\nthe same) than they do of the other twayne. But  of all maner of meate,\nicelle)   quelles ne font des    aultres deux. Mais de touttes  uiandes,\nthe moost daungerous it  that whiche is of fruites,      as   cheres,\nla  plus  dangereuse est celle          de fruitz crudz, come cherises,\ngreat cherise, strauberis, fryberis,     mulberis,  preunes, chestaynes\ngascongnes, freses, framboises, moures,  cornelles, prunes, chastaignes,\nfylberdes,      walnuttes,     cervyse, medlers, aples,\nnois franches,  grosses nois,  cerues,  mesles,  pommes,\nperes,  peches,  melons,             and  all     other   kyndes  of\npoires, pesches, melons, concombres, et   touttes aultres esp\u00e9ces de\nPage 1074\nfruites, howbeit that youth,   bycause of  heate   and moystnesse, doth\nfruitz,  ja soit que  jeunesse, a cause de  challeur et  moisteur,  les\ndygest them better than age     dothe.\ndig\u00e9re mieulz que  uiellesse ne fait.\nMa.\nHowe, mayster amener,     this  meate that we  do eate  do they engendre\nComent, monsieur laumosnier, ces uiandes que  nous  mengeons\nthe blode; I  thought that we   had      our    blode from our\nle  sang;  je cuydoie que  nous eussions nostre sang  des  nostre\nbyrthe.\nnaissance.\nLau.\nTrewly,        madame, so have  we,   but  we   do norysshe hym and\nUeritablement, madame, sy auons nous, mais nous le nourissons   et\nof  meate,   for   as   a        phylosopher sayth: suche   as   the\ndes uiahdes, car   come dit  ung philosophe:        quelles sont les\nmete is,  suche is  the  blode, and  suche  as  the blode is, suche is\nuiandes,  t\u00e9l   est le   sang,  et   qu\u00e9l   est le  sang,    quel  est\nand suche as the sprit is   suche is  the  wyt,   and suche as  the wyt\nquel  est    lesp\u00e9rit,  t\u00e9l   est le   sens,  et  qu\u00e9l est le  sens,\nreason. Wherfore ye   se    clerely       that  the  good  mete   cause\nrayson. Par quoy uous uoiez manifestement que   la   bonne uiande faict\nthe good understandyng and good  reason;   holde  you   than     to  the\nle  bon  entendement   et  bonne rayson;   ten\u00e9s  uous  doncques  a   la\nbeste     and take nat to  moche therof.\nmeilleure et  nen  pren\u00e9s  pas     trop.\nMa.\nIn my  God,  I   wene   that my  physicion whan I shall have  one\nEn mon Dieu, je  cuide  que  mon medecin   quant jen    auray ung\nshall   scante  mende   your reasons, wherfore I  pray you  to  procede\npouldra a paine amender uos  raysons, pourquoy je uous prie de  proc\u00e9der\nthat I may    knowe       my complexion,\nque    puisse congnoistre ma complexion.\nLau.\nIf  it please you,        madame, we   shall abyde tyll another tyme,\nSil uous uient a plaisir, madame, nous differerons jusques a une\nbycause that your   supper  is  almost ended.\npource  que  uostre soupp\u00e9r est quasy  acheu\u00e9.\nPage 1075\nMa.\nWell, to morowe be it.\nBien, a demain  soit.\n              THENDE  OF THIS COMMUNICATION.\nMary.\nTrewly, mayster  amener, I thinke it longe to here the ende of our\nCertes, monsieur laulmosnier, il me tarde    douir   la  fin  de nostre\nbegonne communycation.\nencomenc\u00e9e comunicacion.\nLau.\nIn good soth, madame, I  am   redy  to    acquyte  me,  howbeit that I\nEn uerit\u00e9,    madame, je suis prect de me acquict\u00e9r,    combien que  je\nbefore your grace  that I shall speke therof as  a     clerke of armes,\ndeuant uostre grace  que  jen       parleray come  ung   clerc darmes,\nfor I  knowe nothyng of it but   by   here   say.\ncar je nen   scay   rien   que   par  ouir   dire.\nMa.\nWell, well, care  ye     nat.\nBien, bien, ne    uous   chaille.\nLau.\nIt is       trouth, madame, that there is foure  elementes, that is to\nIl est bien uray,   madame, que      sont quatre elementz,  cest a\nerthe, the water, thayre, and the fyre, the whiche have eche     one a\nterre,     leau,  lair,   et  le  feu,  lesquelz   ont  chescun  une\nand one  folowyng.     The erthe is  drie   of her  proper qualytie, and\net  une  cocomitante.  La  terre est seiche de sa   propre qualit\u00e9,  et\nby  nature folowynge,   the whiche cometh of the water that to her  is\npar nature cocomitante, laquelle   uient  de leaue     qui  luy     est\nthe water is  colde   of his  ppopertie,  but  for the neighbourhode\nleau      est froide  de sa   propri\u00e9t\u00e9,  mais par la  contiguit\u00e9\nthe ayre,  she  is  moyst: the ayre of his proper qualytie is  moyst,\nlair,      elle est moiste: lair     de sa  propre qualit\u00e9  est moist,\nconcordence    that he hath to the fyre, he is  hote:  the fyre is  hote\nsimbolisacion  quil    a    au    feu,  il est chault: le feu est chault\nproper nature and drie by  the erthe,  to the whiche he is  very nyghe;\npropre nature et  sec  par la  terre,  a  laquelle   il est concomitant;\nfoure    qualyties   naturall     and  folowyng      dothe springe to us\nquatre   qualit\u00e9s    naturelles   et   concomitantes   nous  resultent\nPage 1076\nfoure  complexions,  for of  heate   doth springe the colerike   whiche\nquatre complexions,  car de  challeur     pululle     collericque  qui\nand drie, of moystnesse is sayde the sanguyne hoote and moyst, of colde,\net  sec,  de humidit\u00e9   est dit sanguine chault et  moiste, de froydure,\nand flumatyke    colde and moyst,  of drinesse, the melancolyke   colde\nle  flegmaticque froit et  moiste, de seicheur, le  melancolicque froit\nMa.\nTrewly, if  I have well remembred, ye   have sayde here above  that all\nCertes, se  jay    bien retenu,    uous au\u00e9s dict  cy dessus que touttes\nthynges elemented  have  all    the foure  complexions.\nchoses element\u00e9ez ont   toutte les quatre complexions.\nLau.\nThere is   nothyng more trewe, madame.\nIl    nest riens   plus uray,  madame.\nMa.\nThan     have I  foure  complexions.\nDoncques ay   je quatre complexions.\nLau.\nIt is  so,     but  as   I  have sayde to you here before, they  take\nIl est ainsy,  mais come je uous ay   dit     cy   deuant, on    prent\ndenomination  of the qualytie principall  and havyng domynion.\ndenomination  de la  qualit\u00e9  principalle et  dominante.\nMa.\nOf what   complexion do ye take me   by  your   fayth.\nDe quelle complexion me dictes uous  par uostre foy.\nLau.\nIn good  fayth, madame, of the best.\nEn bonne foy,   madame, de la  meilleure.\nMa.\nHa, beware   of flatery, for howbeit that I am yonge of yeres, yet have\nHa, gardes uous dadulation, car combien que  soye jeune de ans, sy   ay\nI  herde say  neverthelesse that every body hath a  frende that dare him\nje ouy  dire  toutesfois    que  chescun    a    ung amy   qui  luy  ose\nfautes,  save  princes and princesses, for the most parte dothe synge\nfaultes, synon princes et  princesses, car la  plus part        jouent\nand   few      of dilexi.\net    bien peu de dilexi.\nLau.\nTrewly, madame,  your   reason is  good  and trewe: natwithstandyng all\nCertes, madame,  uostre rayson est bonne et  uraye: nonobstant   toutte\nflatery   and adulation sette a syde, I have sayd the truthe, for to\nadulacion et  flaterie  ariere mise,  jay    dit  la  uerit\u00e9, car au\nPage 1077\nany  connynge man  ye   have complexion sanguyne, whiche is    the  best\ntout homme scauant uous au\u00e9s complexion sanguine, qui est la   meilleure\nof the four, bycause that the others  holden  more of extermites, for in\ndes  quatre, a cause que  les aultres tiennent plus dextermit\u00e9s,  car en\nhete     and moisture lyeth the lyfe of the man, and the  more that he\nchalleur et  moisteur gist  la  uie  de lhome,   et quant plus quil\ncoldenes and drinesse, whiche ben  diametrally  opposite and contrary to\nfroideur et  seicheur, qui  sont diam\u00e9trallement opposite et contraire a\nhete and moisture, the more he goeth to corrupcion, whiche is the deth:\nchaleur et  moisture, tant plus il ua a corrupcion, qui est  la  mort:\nmyght prove to you by   reason unpossible to withstande   that this your\nuous  poulroie prouu\u00e9r par irrefragable et solides oppinions que ceste\ncomplexion is  the beste, but  for  nat to be tedious nor malpleasant, I\ncomplexion est la  meilleur, mais pour non estre tedieus ne  facheus, je\nremitte it  to  an   other  tyme.\nle remectz  a   une  aultre fois.\nMa.\nForsoth it  displease  me  that my  dyner  is ended,    for I have taken\nCertes  il  me desplaist   que  mon disner est acheu\u00e9, car jay    priens\npleasure to your   communication, and howbeit that my  body  is\nplaisir  a  uostre communicacion, et  combien que  mon corps est\nsaciate and fedde,   yet remayne my soule nevertheles  hongry\nrefocill\u00e9 et repus, sy  demeure mon ame  touttes fois familleuse\nand full of appetit of suche   metes   as    ye   have here administred.\net  esuriente       de telles  uiandes que   luy  au\u00e9s      administr\u00e9.\nLau.\nIn good  trewth     I  do rejoise me to se    your   grace so   inclined\nEn bonne uerit\u00e9, madame, je me resjouis de ueoir uostre grace tant\nand disposed to be wyllyng to knowe and can,  wherfore I  shall be  glad\net  procliue a  uoulloir   scauoir  et  cognoistre, pourquoy je seray\nto fulfyll your   good wyll where it shall please you to commande me.\ndaccomplir uostre uoulloir  la    ou vous  plaira     me comander.\nMa.\nI  praie to God  to   rewarde you of your   labour and good instruction,\nJe prie  a  Dieu uous remuner\u00e9r   de uostre paine   et  bonne doctrine,\nmaistre amener.\nmonsieur laumosnier.\nPage 1078\nLau.\nGod   preserve  you  in all    good  prosperite.\nDieu uous maintiegne en toutte bonne prosperit\u00e9, madame.  Amen.\nTHE DEVISION OF TYME.\nOf  atmos  ben made the momentes, of  momentes ben made the  mynutes,\nDes atomos se  font les momentz,  des momentz  se  font les minutes,\nof  mynutes  ben made  the  degrees, of  degrees the quarters of houres,\ndes minutes  se  font  les  degr\u00e9s,  des degr\u00e9s  les quartz   dheures,\nof houres the  half  houres, of  half houres the houres, of the houres\ndheures   les  demye heures, des demy heures les heures,  des   heures\ndayes and the nyghtes of the whiche ben made     wekes,     of  wekes\njours et  les nuitz  desquelles   se  font les sepmaines, des sepmaines\nof the monthes the foure  tymes of the yere whiche ben  the springe,\ndes    mois    les quatre temps  de    lan  qui    sont printemps,\nand  wynter. Of the foure  tymes ben made the yeres, of yeres ben made\net   iuer.    Des   quatre temps se font  les ans,   des ans  se  font\nlast four yeres and lustres fyve, of  lustres  ben made the   fyfteene\nolimpiades      et  lustres,      des lustres  se  font les  indicions,\nben made the c. yeres, of  ben made the tyme,  whiche is  sayd a m.\nse  font les   siecles,   des siecles se  fait le  temps, qui est dict\n     is made the tyme  wiche is  sayd  xv thousande yeres.\nevum se fait le  temps qui   est dict     parigeneses.\nThe tyme  is none other  thyng but nombre of movyng,    movyng\nLe  temps  nest   aultre chose que nombre de mouuement, mouuement\nis  cause   of lyfe worldly, and lyfe everlastynge is  our    Lorde\nest cause   de  uie,         et  uie  pardurable   est Nostre Seigneur\nwho so ever shall worshyppe hym and drede    perpetually,  in the lande\nquiconques      lhonorera       et  craindra a perpetuite, en la  terre\nof  lyvers shall lyve.\ndes uiuantz  uiura.\nPage 1079\nThis letter _A_, in latyn, is as moche to saye as without, and tomos is\ndivysyon, than Atomos is without divisyon.\nYe shall note, that atmos is a thyng so lytell that can nat be devyded,\nas a letter whiche is atmos, in grammer, out, is atmos in arismetry, a\npricke is atmos in geometry, and the duste that flyeth in the sonne\nbeame ben atmos, and a twynclyng of an ey whiche may be taken here for\natmos.\nThe Greeks were wont to reken by Olympiades, whiche ben four yere; the\nRomayns by lustres, whiche ben fyve yeres: and by indicions that ben\nmade of thre lustres, which ben fyftene yeres: a secle is an hundred\nyere, and somtyme taken for a mannes lyfe. Evum is take lykewyse for a\nmannes age, and for a thousande yeres, and Parigeneses for fyftene\nthousande yeres, and tyme is taken for the lastyng of all the worlde.\n     Thus endeth the seconde and laste boke of this introduction.\n              Printed at London by Thomas Godfray.\n               CUM PRIUILEGIO A REGE INDULTO.\nPage 1081\nTABLE DES R\u00c8GLES\nET DES MOTS\nPOUR LA  GRAMMAIRE  DE  PALSGRAVE[1].\nA\nA;\n  sa prononciation, 2.\n  --Suppression de l'_a_, dans certains cas, \u00e0 la fin des mots, 42.\n  --Devant un _M_ ou un _N_.\n  --Sa prononciation, p. XVII.\n  --Ne termine jamais un nom substantif singulier, p. XXVI; ni un nom\n    adjectif singulier masculin, p. XXVII.\nA abandon, 831.\nAage, 3.\nAager, 3.\nAaige (je), 418.\nAayder, 3.\nAbandon, 832.\nAbandonnement, 222.\nAbaye (je), 586.\nAbeisse, 414.\nAbeisse (je), 625.\nAbestis (je), 623.\nAbhominable, 305.\nAbhominablet\u00e9, 193.\nAbhomination, 188.\nAbhomine (je), 419.\nAbillement, 206.\nAbillet\u00e9, 266.\nAbire (je), 431.\nAbisme, 172.\nAblatif, 327.\nA bon chief, 843.\nAbreuoyr, 222.\nA brief dire, 831.\nAbriefue (je), 629.\nAbscons (je), 584.\nAbsconsse, 216.\nAbsente (je), 415.\nAbsolut, 305.\nAbsorbs (je), 744.\nAbstiens (je), 544.\nAbstrahys (je), 526.\nAbstrais (je), 669.\nAbuse (je), 639.\nAbusion, 245.\nA cause que, 865.\nAccent;\n  signification de ce mot _accent_ en fran\u00e7ais, 46.\n  --V\u00e9ritable accentuation en fran\u00e7ais, p. XX, 48, 49, 51.\nAccoint\u00e9e, 290.\nAccointement, 218.\nAccoler, 23.\nAccollee, 228.\nAccollette (je), 625, 643.\nAccomble (je), 549.\nAccompaigne (je), 597.\nAccomparaige (je), 491.\nAccompare (je), 491.\nAccompte (je), 416.\nAccondiscionne (je), 574.\nAcconduis (je), 468.\nAcconsuys (je), 648.\nAccords;\n  r\u00e8gles des trois accords en fran\u00e7ais, pag. XXXVIII.\n  --Accord de l'adjectif et du substantif, 70.\nAccors (je), 400.\nAccouardis (je), 621.\nAccouardys (je), 416.\nAccouplis (je), 499.\nAccourcys (je), 704.\nAccourtis (je), 704.\nAccoustre (je), 433.\nAccoynte (je), 416.\nAccreue (je), 472.\nAccroys (je), 606.\nAccustume (je), 417.\nA celle fin, 866.\nA celle foys, 805.\nA certes, 837.\nAchapt, 198.\nAchapte (je), 455.\nAcheison, 287.\nAchemine (je), 761.\nAchetiue (je), 620.\nAcheuis (je), 470.\nAcheuissance, 217.\n[Note 1: Cette table n'existe pas dans l'\u00e9dition anglaise: elle\ncomprend, outre les mots tomb\u00e9s en d\u00e9su\u00e9tude, tous ceux qui offrent,\npour le sens ou l'orthographe, quelque diff\u00e9rence avec l'usage actuel de\nnotre langue.]\nPage 1082\nA chief, 843.\nA chief de piece, 827.\nAchoison, 205.\nAchoysonne (je), 550.\nAciere (je), 639.\nAcoincte, 251.\nA comble, 847\nAcompte (je), 540.\nAcondiscionne (je), 493.\nAconduis (je), 605.\nAconsuys (je), 585.\nAconuenance (je), 443.\nA costiere, 831, 841.\nAcouchement, 239.\nAcoulpe (je), 456.\nAcoulpe (je), 602.\nA coup, 804.\nAcource (je), 629.\nAcquest, 289.\nAcqueste (je), 563.\nAcquierge, 397.\nAcquiete (je me), 418.\nAcquisitif, 313.\nAcquoquine (je), 417.\nAcquoyse (je), 488.\nAcquoyse (je), 630.\nAcrauante (je), 472.\nAcru, 311.\nActente, 240\nActif, verbe actif, p. XXX, 83.\nActifie (je), 618.\nActise (je), 532.\nActraict, 215.\nAcueils (je me), 561.\nAcusement, 193.\nAcustumance, 242.\nA dens, 836.\nA despit, 837.\nAdestre (je), 715.\nAdextre (je), 715.\nAdhers (je), 434.\nA dire veoyr, 885.\nAdjectifs;\n  ont trois genres: _masculin_, _f\u00e9minin_, _commun_, pag. XXVII.\n  --Ont deux nombres, le _singulier_ et le _pluriel_, pag. XXVIII.\n  --Ont trois degr\u00e9s de comparaison, mais form\u00e9s autrement qu'en latin,\n    pag. XXVIII.\n  --Les adjectifs ont sept _accidents_, 69.\n  --Accord des adjectifs, 297.\nAdjouge (je), 595.\nAdjouste (je), 417.\nAdjoyngs (je), 591\nAdjuge (je), 493.\nAdjutoire, 230.\nAdmainer, 469.\nAdmonestement, 286.\nAdnichile (je), 469.\nAduile (je), 631.\nAduilene (je), 631.\nAduoystre (je), 490.\nAdnulle (je), 469.\nAdole (je), 603.\nAdole (je me), 475.\nAdompte (je), 626.\nAdoncques, 794.\nAdorne (je), 417.\nAdosse (je), 630.\nAdoulcer, 28.\nAdoulcis (je), 480.\nAdoulcyr, 108.\nAdoulcys (je), 630.\nAdoule (je), 426.\nAdresse (je), 436.\nAdresse sur mon seant (je me), 716.\nA droyture, 830.\nAdultere (je), 490.\nAdultre, 193.\nAdune (je), 467.\nAduance (je), 417.\nAduantage (je), 440.\nAduenant, 307.\nAduenantet\u00e9, 229.\nAduentureux, 305.\nAduenue, 207.\nAdverbes, 141.\n  --De qualit\u00e9, leur formation, p. XXXVIII.\nAdvercit\u00e9, 173.\nAduerse (je), 422.\nAduertence, 193, 286.\nAduerteure, 286.\nAduertis (je), 440\nAduienant, 308.\nAduiengne (quil), 131.\nAduision, 285.\nAduitaille (je), 766.\nAduocatte, 290.\nAduoue (je), 415.\nAduo\u00ffe, 329.\nAelle, 289.\nAerin, 305.\nA eschays, 831.\nAffaicte (je), 464, 627.\nAffaire (un ou une), 160.\nAffectif, 305.\nAffere (je), 434.\nAfferendons, 208.\nAffermer, 349.\nAffetardis (je), 625.\nAffichet, 250.\nAffichez, 746.\nAfficquet, 201.\nAffie (je), 667.\nAffile (je), 775.\nAffin, 236.\nAffine, 236.\nAffinite (je), 627.\nAffinitif, 306.\nAfflatte (je), 551.\nAffolle (je), 23, 617.\nAffolle (je me), 678.\nAffonde (je me), 718.\nAffondre (je), 470.\nAffriolle (je), 470.\nAffronte (je), 460.\nAffule (je), 603.\nAffuste (je), 448.\nAffuye (je), 595.\nAffuys (je me), 552.\nAffye (je), 418.\nA force, 833.\nAgache, 254.\nPage 1083\nAgambe(je), 735.\nAgars, 829.\nAgasse, 306.\nAgasset\u00e9, 199.\nAgassure, 199, 216.\nAgence (je), 506.\nAggreuer, 23.\nAggresse (je), 647.\nAgitance, 287.\nAgouste (je), 581.\nAgout, 215.\nAgouttys, 233.\nA grant erre, 837.\nAgrauante (je), 472.\nAgr\u00e9e (je me), 416.\nAgricole, 233.\nAgrieue (je me), 575.\nAguayt, 833.\nAguayt appens\u00e9e, 833.\nAguaytance, 239.\nAguayte (je), 605.\nAguille, 247.\nAguiser, 228.\nAguiset\u00e9, 266.\nAguyllier, 202.\nA gueulle b\u00e9e, 845.\nAguyllon, 16.\nA hazart, 832.\nAhenne (je), 516.\nAheurte (je), 599.\nAheurte (je me), 696.\nAhonte (je me), 776.\nAhonter, 19.\nAhontis (je), 619.\nAhontye (je), 619.\nAi, sa prononciation, XVIII, 12.\nAi a nom (je), 424.\nAielle, 227.\nAigneau, 67.\nAi grant pech\u00e9 (je), 427.\nAigrure, 216.\nAiguier, 217.\nAillieurs, 818.\nAincoys, 28.\nAinschoys, 64.\nAiscelle, 195.\nAisceul, 195.\nAisement, 216.\nAisne, 311.\nAixeul, 196.\nAixseul, 196.\nAjeunir, 11.\nAjolys (je), 623.\nAjourne (il), 412.\nA joynctes mayns, 845.\nAjoyns (je), 591.\nAlabastre, 193.\nA la boulingue, 834.\nAlaicte (je), 547.\nAlaigre, 307.\nAlaine, 201.\nAlaisne, 194.\nA la mynuyct, 804.\nAlangore (je), 544.\nAlangoure (je), 530.\nAlangourys (je), 658.\nAlant, 227.\nA la pipe du jour, 804.\nA la premi\u00e8re chandelle, 804.\nAlayne (je), 465.\nAleche (je), 527.\nAlechie (je), 537.\nAlegant, 289.\nAlegement, 207.\nAlemant (en), 142.\nA lembl\u00e9e, 734.\nA lenuiron, 794.\nA leslite, 628.\nAlesne, 216,\nA lesp\u00e9e traicte, 845.\nAlicte (je me), 610.\nAlien, 194.\nAliette, 269.\nAllecte (je), 771.\nAllons men, 746.\nAlmoires, 194.\nAloigne (je me), 512.\nAlone (je), 435.\nAlose (je), 489.\nAloue (je), 624.\nAlouuance, 194.\nAlquenemie, 210.\nAltere (je), 421.\nAltitonant, 281.\nAlum, 194.\nAlume (je), 460.\nAlumpne, 223.\nAluyne, 246.\nAlys, 324.\nAmailliotte (je), 744.\nAmatiste, 194.\nAmatte (je), 633.\nAmatye (je), 421.\nA mayn, 862.\nAmayne (je), 466.\nAmbicieux, 305, 310.\nAmbicion, 63.\nAmbigueux, 311.\nAmbles, 424.\nAmbroyse, 273.\nAmeisgrir, 108.\nAmence, 277.\nAmende, 211.\nAmendrir, 3.\nAmen\u00e9e, 241.\nAmenement, 238.\nAmenuise (je), 426.\nAmer (une), 166.\nAmesure (je me), 597.\nAmenront, 401.\nAmeuris (je), 691.\nAmmonester, 23.\nAmodere (je me), 489.\nAmolie (je), 629.\nAmoneste (je), 635.\nAmonstre (je), 717.\nAmoreux, 305.\nAmors, 196.\nAmors (je), 574.\nAmorse, 290.\nAmorse (je), 443.\nAmortis (je), 469.\nAmour\u00e9e, 290.\nAmourescher, 762.\nAmpliez, 409.\nPage 1084\nAmplitude, 237.\nAmuselle (je), 642.\nAmyablet\u00e9, 189.\nAmygnonne (je me), 776.\nAnathematize (je), 505.\nAncelle, 241.\nAncestes, 182, 257.\nAnet, 215.\nAngelin, 305.\nAnglesche, 217.\nAnglet, 240.\nAngoysse (je), 432.\nAngoisseuset\u00e9, 194.\nAngoisseux, 305.\nAnhele (je), 652.\nAnichile (je), 432.\nAnneantis (je), 495.\nAnnel, 263.\nAnnuicte (il), 412.\nAnomal. Verbe anomal, pages XXX, XXXV.\nAnte, 196.\nAnticipe (je), 562.\nAntiesme, 194, 279.\nAntonnoyr, 221.\nAnuyte (il), 528.\nAourner, 417.\nAourse (je), 460.\nApaillardis (je), 570.\nApairie (je), 633.\nAparance, 194.\nAparant, 64.\nAparcoys (je), 437.\nApare (je), 628.\nApastelle (je), 547.\nA paynes, 836.\nApeisement, 276.\nApellance, 202.\nApers (je); irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9s de ce verbe, 104.\nApert, 322.\nApertement, 642.\nApertise, 641.\nA plaisance, 590.\nAplane (je), 628.\nAplanoie (je), 626.\nAplanois (je), 659.\nA playn, 835.\nAport, 277.\nAposte (je), 459.\nApostume (je), 548, 679.\nApothecaire, 187.\nApothecayre, 194.\nApouris (je), 532.\nApouris (je me), 503.\nAppaillardis (je me), 563.\nAppalis (je), 432.\nApparant, 64.\nAppareil, 206.\nAppareille (je), 433.\nApparissoye (je), 787.\nAppars (je), 787.\nAppellance, 247.\nAppence (je me), 453.\nAppencement, 280.\nAppendence, 257.\nAppens (je), 448.\nAppensement, 198.\nAppent, p. XLVIII.\nApperceuance, 253.\nAppertise, 242.\nAppete (je), 434.\nAppetisis (je), 773.\nAppette (je), 616.\nApplanie (je), 480.\nApplicque (je), 434, 577.\nApplicque (je), 577.\nAppligne (je), 740.\nAppoincte (je), 434.\nAppointement, 241.\nApposte (je), 669.\nAppourrys (je), 548.\nAppoynt, 828.\nApprent, p. XLVIII.\nApprentis, 51.\nApprentisse, 258.\nAppresse (je), 603, 665.\nAppreuue (je), 435.\nApprime (je), 645.\nApprise (je), 540.\nApproucher, 109.\nAppuial, 238.\nApreste loreille (je), 565.\nAprestz, 242.\nApries, 64.\nAprime (je), 466.\nAprise (je), 664.\nAprisonne (je), 746.\nApriue (je), 630.\nA priu\u00e9, 838.\nAproprie (je), 435.\nAprouche (je), 435.\nApte (je), 435.\nApuril, 194.\nAputaine (je), 570.\nApuye, 259.\nAquaire, 194.\nArable (je), 562.\nAraigne, 274.\nAraignie, 274.\nArain, 200.\nAraisonne (je), 636.\nArbitre (je), 435.\nArbitrement, 195.\nArcbalestre, 211.\nArcbalestrier, 211.\nArcenic, 195.\nArche, 205.\nArche (je), 435.\nArchediacre, 195.\nArcheduc, 195.\nArcheduch\u00e9, 195,\nArch\u00e9e, 200.\nArchelet, 240.\nArcheprestre, 195.\nArcise, 307.\nArcte (je), 738.\nArctiller, 200.\nArcure, 197.\nArdans, 61.\nArdant, 307.\nArdure, 202.\nA recel\u00e9, 841.\nAreneux, 314.\nPage 1085\nArest\u00e9, 324.\nArgue (je me), 545.\nArmature, 195.\nArmigere, 229.\nArmonicque, 318.\nArmonie, 229.\nArmoye (je), 436.\nArne, 307.\nArne (je), 465.\nArogance, 258.\nAronde, 278.\nArondelle, 278.\nArondis (je), 628.\nArpilleux, 322.\nArquemie, 193.\nArrable (je), 679.\nArraign\u00e9e, 216.\nArrange (je), 678.\nArrase (je), 452.\nArraye (je), 678.\nArre, 175.\nArrenge (je), 647.\nArrengie (je), 686.\nArreste, 308.\nArriere de, 874.\nArrigateur, 215.\nArrouser, 23.\nArrousouer, 287.\nArroute (je), 438.\nArroutte (je me), 618.\nArroydys (je), 630.\nArsenicq, 195.\nArson, 264.\nArterique, 324.\nArticle (je), 437.\nArticles; deux, _ung_ et _le_, xxiv, 65, 152.\nArticque, 248.\nArtifie (je), 619.\nArtillier, 221.\nArudys (je), 629.\nA saoul, 836.\nA scauoyr mon si, 142, 886.\nAscens (je), 438.\nAschayrne (je), 416.\nAschieue (je), 416.\nA semblance de, 839.\nAsne, 155.\nAsnesse, 155.\nAspergoyr, 228.\nAspicq, 195.\nAspre, 54.\nAsprement, 733.\nAspresse, 198.\nAssagys (je me), 778.\nAssaier, 416.\nAssaisonne (je), 673, 710.\nAssaulx (je), 395.\nAssauuagis (je), 631.\nAssauuagys (je me), 778.\nAssauoyr, 783.\nAssaygis (je), 773.\nAssaysonne (je), 707.\nAsseiche (je), 528.\nAssene (je), 585.\nAssens (je), 782.\nAssens (je me), 438.\nAssentis (je), 782.\nAssendent, 270.\nAssers (je), 467.\nAssertayne (je), 438.\nAsseule (je), 608.\nAsseurance, 270.\nAsseur\u00e9, 326.\nAssez plus que trop, 855.\nAssie (je), 658.\nAssiege (je me), 689.\nAssiete, 270.\nAssigne (je), 438.\nAssistence, 278.\nAssistent, 195.\nAssomme (je me), 643.\nAssopis (je), 568.\nAssorber, 30.\nAssorbis (je), 529.\nAssorbys (je), 744.\nAssorte (je), 673.\nAssotis (je), 623.\nAssotte (je me), 553.\nAssouagist, 396.\nAssouldre, 35, 672.\nAssouls (je), 415.\nAssouuis (je), 496.\nAssouuys (je), 568.\nAssubjecte (je), 467.\nAssumpte (je), 751.\nAssurement, 195.\nAssys (je), 658.\nAstelle (je), 579.\nAsteure, 36, 142.\nAstillier, 286.\nAstraings (je), 495.\nAstre, 229.\nAstrologien, 195.\nAstronomien, 195.\nAstruse (je), 665.\nAstruser, 36.\nAstrusse (je), 755.\nAtache, 279.\nAtaiche, 201.\nA talent, 832.\nAtant, 808.\nA tard, 814.\nAtell\u00e9e, 279.\nAteyde (je), 625.\nAticie (je), 669.\nAtise (je), 635.\nA tousjours mays, 645.\nAtrappe, 272.\nAtrempance, 279.\nAttaue, 227.\nAttayne, 217.\nAttayne (je), 765.\nAttayneux, 319.\nAttayngs (je), 439.\nAttediation, 235.\nAttemperance, 279.\nAttempte (je), 439.\nAttendance, 195.\nAttenue (je), 440.\nAtterre (je), 449.\nAttourne (je), 440.\nAttourne (je me), 434.\nAttrament, 199.\nAttrempance, 360.\nPage 1086\nAttremp\u00e9, 327.\nAtyce (je), 537.\nAu; sa prononciation, p. xviii, 14.\nAube creuant, 201.\nAubespin, 216.\nAubin, 288.\nAu bout damont, 817.\nAucteur, p. xlviii.\nAuctorise (je), 440.\nAuctorit\u00e9, auctorisation, etc. 195.\nAu departyr, 804.\nAu derrayn, 805.\nAu dessur, 822.\nAuditoir, 210.\nAu fin fons, 827.\nAu finissement, 805.\nAugorisme, 196.\nAu jour assis, 805.\nAulcun peu, 851.\nAulbergon, 229.\nAulcun, p. xxix, 82.\nAulcunefoys, 142.\nAulfin, 194.\nAulmaire, 196.\nAulmoires, 182.\nAulmosne, 94, 173.\nAulmosnier, 194.\nAulne, 216.\nAulne (je), 635.\nAu long aller, 805.\nAultre, p. xlviii.\nAultres foys, 803.\nAune (je), 627.\nAunon, 228.\nAu paraller, 837.\nAu plus parfond, 819.\nAu premier, 805.\nAu primes, 805.\nAu pris de, 837.\nAure (je), 499.\nAur\u00e9, 226.\nAu regard de, 837.\nAu residu, 852.\nAurien, 317.\nAuriflame, 172.\nAurillon, 257.\nAus\u00e9, 506.\nAu soleil absconsant, 806.\nAussi bien comme, 874.\nAustruche, 233.\nAutant comme, 848.\nAutel, tel, 82, 365.\nAutentique, 305.\nAuton, 229.\nAutumpne, 229.\nAual, 815.\nAuale (je), 440.\nAuale (je me), 531.\nAuant danceur, 238.\nAuant mure (je), 440.\nAuant quon scayt tourner la mayn, 804.\nAuec ce, 878.\nAuecques, 4.\nAueleine, 227.\nAuenture (je), 440.\nAuere (je), 623.\nAueuglerie, 199.\nAueuglis (je), 620.\nAuilement, 214.\nAuilene (je), 12, 519.\nAuille (je), 765.\nAuine (je), 468.\nAvint, 64.\nAuironne (je), 694.\nAuise (je), 609.\nAuisement, 195.\nAuoistre, 193.\nAuortin, 205.\nAuortyne, 11.\nAuoue (je), 441.\nAuoy\u00e9, 580.\nAuoyr, conjugaison du verbe _auoyr_, 107.\nAy cure (je), 475.\nAy faulte (je), 543.\nAy le vava (je), 731.\nAyncoys que, 812.\nAynesse, 249.\nAyns, p. xlviii.\nAyns que, 812.\nAyre (je), 419.\nAysie (je), 716.\nAzart, 229.\nAzurin, 306.\nB\nB; sa prononciation, 26.\n  --Ne termine jamais un nom adjectif singulier masculin, p. xxvii,\n    xxviii.\nBabeure, 288.\nBabillant, 305.\nBahoye (je), 456.\nBaboye (je), 545.\nBacon, 196.\nBaggue, 188.\nBaguenaulde, 244.\nBahus, 19.\nBaille a congnoistre (je), 524.\nBaille du pire (je), 676.\nBaille honte (je), 619.\nBaille paour (je), 547.\nBaing, 196.\nBale, 196.\nBal\u00e9, 170.\nBalenchoeres, 282.\nBalengier, 196.\nBalerie, 212.\nBallonette (je), 760.\nBalloye (je), 745.\nBallye (je), 745.\nBambelottier, 201.\nBancquet, 235.\nBande (je me), 748.\nBancquette (je), 443.\nBanerolle, 253.\nBaniere (je), 671.\nBaguaige, 196.\nBaptisme, 172.\nBaratier, 213.\nBarbedieu, 221.\nPage 1087\nBarbele (je), 443.\nBarbeu, 15.\nBarboille (je), 549.\nBarboyllement, 272.\nBarat, 213.\nBarc, 219.\nBarde (je), 443.\nBarette, 202.\nBargaygne (je), 617.\nBargeret, 236.\nBargeronnette, 266.\nBarnaige, 207.\nBarocquin, 226.\nBarratte (je), 446.\nBasine, 283.\nBasle (je), 458.\nBasset, 317.\nBasseur, 241.\nBastier, 223.\nBastile, 277.\nBastille (je), 532.\nBastillon, 8.\nBaston, 275.\nBastys (je), 442.\nBataillereux, 310.\nBatelleur, 234.\nBatre, 26.\nBattouer, 197.\nBattouer, 287.\nBatz, 250.\nBaubeurre, 175.\nBauboyant, 788.\nBaudrier, 242.\nBaueresse, 215.\nBaufre, 247.\nBauldray, 401.\nBaulieure, 239.\nBaulpr\u00e9, 264.\nBeatifie (je), 620.\nBeaufroy, 197.\nBeault\u00e9, 4.\nBeaultifie (je), 444.\nBecq, 301.\nBecq de faulcon, 69.\nBecqu, 301.\nBecquasse, 694.\nBedon, 215.\nBeer, 5.\nBeguyne, 198.\nBehourdis, 199.\nBehours, 19.\nBelances, 182.\nBelisteresse, 155.\nBelistre, 68.\nBelistre (je), 446.\nBelistresse, 68.\nBellement, 835.\nBellet, 303.\nBellette, 288.\nBellicq, 303.\nBellin, 197.\nBendayge, 188.\nBende, 198.\nBende (je), 560.\nBenet, 220.\nBenign, 306.\nBeniuolence, 197.\nBenoist, 306.\nBenoistier, 228.\nBercelet, 872.\nBerguygne (je), 443.\nBeril, 197.\nBernac, 197.\nBernago, 283.\nBers, 210.\nBerse (je), 692.\nBerseau, 210.\nBesache, 286.\nBesane, 274.\nBesasse, 286.\nBescousse, 198.\nBesgu, 742.\nBesgue, 277.\nBesgue (je), 732.\nBesle (je), 458.\nBesoigne (je), 600.\nBesoigne (il), 147.\nBeste, 54.\nBesterie, 197.\nBestourne (je), 421.\nBestournement, 278.\nBetreche (je), 713.\nBetresche (je), 436.\nBeugle, 201.\nBeurrette, 204.\nBeuryau, 11.\nBichet, 231.\nBidault, 285.\nBidaulx, 277.\nBien a droyt, 843.\nBienereux, 313.\nBieneure, 306.\nBieneur\u00e9, 306.\nBien eur\u00e9, 329.\nBieneuret\u00e9, 663.\nBieneureux, 306.\nBienheuret\u00e9, 222.\nBienuiegner, 109.\nBienuiengne (je), 779.\nBienuueillance, 226.\nBigarre (je), 482.\nBiguarrure, 246.\nBigne, 236.\nBigorneau, 253.\nBiliart, 8.\nBiquoquet, 253.\nBisexte, 238.\nBissine, 259.\nBistocque (je), 36, 589.\nBieure, 198.\nBlanc esterlin, 275.\nBlanchet, 253.\nBlanchir, 431.\nBlanchisseure, 252.\nBlandice, 220.\nBlandis (je), 456.\nBlasme, 172.\nBlasonne (je), 664.\nBlasphemeur, 198.\nBlece (je), 513.\nBlesme, 306.\nBlisterie, 197.\nBlistreux, 305.\nBloucque (je), 459.\nBlouquier, 199.\nPage 1088\nBobancier, 193, 210.\nBobant, 256.\nBobin, 199.\nBocquage, 9.\nBocquillon, 289.\nBoiselier, 284.\nBombance, 284.\nBondel, 202.\nBondes, 438.\nBonet, xl.\nBoneur, 166.\nBonnaire, 160.\nBonne erre, 829.\nBonne piece, 144, 853.\nBonnin, 317.\nBont, 261.\nBon vespre, 867.\nBorache, 199.\nBort, 230.\nBoscaige, 280.\nBotteau, 200.\nBotelle (je), 620.\nBotellettes, 356.\nBoubans, 263.\nBoubette, 288.\nBoucclettes, 281.\nBoucle (je), 472.\nBoucque, 247.\nBoucquet, 248.\nBoucquette (je), 472.\nBoudayn, 259.\nBoue, 463.\nBoueau, 277.\nBouffe (je), 459.\nBouff\u00e9e, 205.\nBouffl\u00e9e, 259.\nBoug\u00e9e, 270.\nBougueram, 199.\nBouille, 251.\nBouils (je), 459.\nBoulengier, 186.\nBoulliau, 198.\nBoully, 238.\nBoundys (je), 680.\nBourc\u00e9e, 277.\nBourcettes, 228.\nBourcier, 259.\nBourde, 266.\nBourde (je me), 462.\nBourdeau, 199.\nBourdican, 239.\nBourdin, 216.\nBoure, 200.\nBourgois, 30.\nBourgoisie, 275.\nBourgon, 30.\nBourgonne (je), 472.\nBourjon, 11.\nBourset, 222.\nBoursette, 206.\nBous, 276.\nBousseu, 15.\nBoutailier, 202.\nBoutaillis, 164.\nBoute (je), 732.\nBoute hors (je), 705.\nBouteillis, 199.\nBoutellier, 200.\nBouterolle, 204, 480.\nBouticle, 171, 267.\nBoutiliere, 279.\nBoy\u00e9e, 199.\nBoyllon, 244.\nBoys, 12.\nBoys dautant (je), 529.\nBoytelette, 187.\nBoytte, 283.\nBrace, 200.\nBrachet, 200.\nBracquemart, 229.\nBraggarde, 155.\nBraggart, 155, 234.\nBraggue (je), 589.\nBrague, 306.\nBraierie, 210.\nBraiette, 206.\nBranche (je), 611.\nBrand de Judas, 223.\nBrandureau, 199.\nBransle, 275.\nBransle (je), 693.\nBrase, 229.\nBrasier, 242.\nBrasselet, 200.\nBraye, 200.\nBrayes, 182.\nBrays (je), 462.\nBrebiette, 187.\nBrehaing, 297.\nBrehayng, 305.\nBreif, 307.\nBreneux, 306.\nBretif, 51.\nBrezil, 243.\nBribe (je), 465.\nBriberie, 201.\nBribeur, 201.\nBricoteau, 206.\nBricque, 286.\nBriesvet\u00e9, 267.\nBriffaut, 244.\nBriffre, 227.\nBrigandines, 251.\nBrigue (je), 689.\nBrise ma jeune (je), 464.\nBriton, 242.\nBrocquart, 248.\nBroderesse, 154.\nBroillerie, 199.\nBronce (je), 762.\nBroude (je), 463.\nBrou\u00e9e, 262.\nBrouillas, 245.\nBrouille (je), 595.\nBrouticque, 246.\nBrouyllas, 412.\nBrunette, 319.\nBrusles (tu), xli.\nBruste, 307.\nBruyte (je), 403.\nPage 1089\nBryme, 265.\nBuff\u00e9e, 201.\nBuffette (je), 472.\nBugle (je), 615.\nBuissine (je), 459.\nBuissonnet, 796.\nBule (je), 614.\nBulte (je), 462.\nBurjon, 200.\nBurnys (je), 460.\nBusine, 270.\nBussine, 286.\nButyne (je), 653.\nBygne, 223.\nC\nC; sa prononciation, 27.\nCabache, 222.\nCabaiche (je), 596.\nCabain, 202.\nCabestain, 257.\nCableau, 206.\nCacque, 236.\nCacqueteur, 198.\nCacquette (je), 473.\nCaffignon, 254.\nCailliou, 221.\nCaisier, 204\nCalamente, 232.\nCalamint, 202.\nCalculation, 209.\nCalcule (je), 473.\nCalefaction, 204\nCalendre, 288.\nCalenge (je), 687.\nCalfetre (je), 473.\nCaliette, 228.\nCalieu, 286.\nCalion, 286.\nCaliou, 202.\nCamamille, 202.\nCambrant, 326.\nCanart, 215.\nCannart, 155.\nCanneau, 247.\nCannette, 214.\nCannetton, 214.\nCannonier, 226.\nCannyuet, 253.\nCaqueteux, 307.\nCarcas, 260.\nCarelleur, 262.\nCarniau, 263.\nCarolle, 203.\nCarpendu, 154.\nCar pourquoy, 865.\nCarquant, 197.\nCarquas, 211.\nCarrele (je), 488.\nCartal, 220.\nCas dans les pronoms, p. xxix, xxx, 77.\nCasse (je), 675.\nCasure, 218.\nCasy, 311.\nCatarre (la), 581.\nCaterre, 257.\nCatoille (il), 349.\nCatouille (je), 758.\nCatuilleux, 327.\nCaulme, 307.\nCauque (je), 761.\nCautelle, 203.\nCautelle (je), 446.\nCautelleux, 305.\nCauesne, 835.\nCauesot, 256.\nCauillation, 248.\nCaygnon, 231.\nCayndre, 28.\nCe et cest, 81.\nCedre, 269.\nCe fait mon, 866.\nCeinct, 225.\nCeincture, 225.\nCeincturette, 240.\nCeingns (je), 566.\nCeingturier, 225.\nCel\u00e9e, 231.\nCel\u00e9ement, 799.\nCelerier, 203.\nCelestialet\u00e9, 231.\nCelestiel, 307.\nCelestre, 315.\nCelle part, 823.\nCelique, 315.\nCemitiere, 174.\nCenciere, 262.\nCen dessus dessoubz, 764.\nCengle (je), 566.\nCe non obstant, 879.\nCeps, 280.\nCeptre, 203.\nCerance (je), 582.\nCercelle (je), 587.\nCercler, 778.\nCerclier, 287.\nCerfoil, 205.\nCerfouis (je), 516.\nCerimonie, 203.\nCerne (je), 707.\nCertainet\u00e9, 203.\nCertifie (je), 621.\nCertiore (je), 479.\nCescy, 81.\nCesla, 81.\nCestela, 81.\nCestecy, 81.\nCest mon, 866.\nCestuy, 82.\nCeuuetier, 621.\nCeyncture, 27.\nCh. Comment _ch_ se prononce en fran\u00e7ais, 19.\n--Ne termine jamais un mot fran\u00e7ais, 20.\nChable, 202.\nChafrayn, 230.\nChagrineux, 307, 325.\nChaiere, 204.\nChaillist, 413.\nChaize, 34.\nChalant, 322.\nPage 1090\nChaleme (je), 454.\nChalemeau, 240, 266.\nChalenge, 169, 202.\nChalenge (je), 480, 687.\nChalereux, 312.\nChaline, 215.\nChallant, 204.\nChamahieux, 202.\nChamberette, 206.\nChampaigne, 796.\nChampestre, 312.\nChancon, 28.\nChanconnette, 155.\nChandeille, 20.\nChaneu, 315.\nChanfrain, 204.\nChanse, 229.\nChanteau, 225.\nChantepelleuse, 274.\nChantepleure, 279.\nChanteresse, 290.\nChanterie, 204.\nChapele, 276.\nChapellet, 204.\nChapellys, 252.\nChapiau, 229.\nChappelain, 204.\nChappelle, 206, 276.\nChappelle (je), 484.\nChappelis, 205.\nChapplys, 205.\nCharboncle, 157.\nCharbonn\u00e9e, 275.\nChardonnereau, 226.\nChareue, 256.\nCharge (je), 601.\nChargeux, 307.\nChariage, 219.\nCharie (je), 529.\nChariottier, 286.\nCharlante, 156.\nCharoigne, 8.\nCharpente (je), 693.\nCharpis (je), 694.\nCharrecton, 203.\nCharriere, 203.\nCharriuaris, 268.\nCharruier, 256.\nCharue, 256.\nChascun, xxix.\nChassie (je), 696.\nChassieux, 306.\nChassouer, 220.\nChastelayn, 235.\nChastereux, 224.\nChastit\u00e9, 204.\nChastoiement, 204.\nChateuoison, 203.\nChathuan, 233.\nChatonne (je), 599.\nChattement, 236.\nChatton pelleuse, 203.\nChatton, 251.\nChauce (je), 674.\nChaulde colle, 201, 223.\nChaulderon, 190.\nChaulderon de mer, 203.\nChaulderonnier, 281.\nChaulme, 263.\nChaulsist, 413.\nChault, 130.\nChaulue, 305.\nChauluet\u00e9, 197.\nChaulx, 166.\nChause, 560.\nChaus\u00e9e, 203.\nChausettier, 232.\nChayre, 34.\nChayrnure, 20.\nChefgros, 239.\nChenee, 228.\nChennu, 329.\nCheret\u00e9, 238.\nCherue, 229.\nChestaigne, 204.\nChestaignier, 204.\nChesuble, 170.\nChettron, 281.\nCheute, 218.\nCheualereux, 302.\nCheualet, 155.\nCheualin, 294.\nCheuance, 263.\nCheuauche (je), 588.\nCheuecel, 199.\nCheuenne, 205.\nCheuereau, 236.\nCheuereul, 155.\nCheueron, 260.\nCheuerotin, 205.\nCheuesance, 267.\nCheuestre, 228.\nCheuetain, 204.\nCheueul, 230.\nCheueulu, 301.\nCheuisance, 205.\nChichet\u00e9, 248.\nChicquenode, 220.\nChicqueteux, 316.\nChicquette (je), 589.\nChicqueture, 233.\nChief, chiefue, 325.\nChief deuure, 270.\nChief gros, 268.\nChienin, 310.\nChiennaille, 207.\nChier, chiere, 310, 317.\nChiere, 55.\nChiert\u00e9, 213.\nChiet, 62.\nChimin\u00e9e, 205.\nChion, 241.\nChosette, 240.\nChoysys (je), 437.\nChoysys doeyl (je), 539.\nChrist\u00ffen, 6.\nCiellement, 489.\nCiercle, 27, 203.\nCifleure, 231.\nCigoigne, 272.\nCil, xlviii.\nCile (je), 479.\nCilement, 283.\nCincelle, 225.\nCinge, 194.\nPage 1091\nCinquantainier, 372.\nCircuition, 207.\nCircule (je), 485.\nCircumbages, 207.\nCircumference, 250.\nCircumsicion, 205.\nCircumspection, 33.\nCircumstance, 205.\nCircumuiens (je), 508.\nCircumuoisin, 280.\nCircuys (je), 485.\nCirurgien, 278.\nCisterne, 203, 269.\nCiue, 205.\nCiuol, 205.\nClacquet, 205.\nClaime (je), 485.\nClame quitte (je me), 567.\nClappier, 205.\nClaret, 307.\nClendre, 327.\nCler, 307.\nClere, 49.\nClergie, 170.\nClergise, 206.\nClichette, 229.\nClicque (je), 726.\nClicquetiere, 289.\nClignette (je), 764.\nCline (je me), 578.\nCliquette (je), 481, 486.\nCliue(je), 461.\nCliuit\u00e9, 276.\nClochant, 314.\nCloche (je), 577.\nClochier, 276.\nClocque (je), 487.\nCloistrier, 206.\nClorre, 109.\nClos le pas (je), 550.\nClosture, 206.\nClouons (nous), 488.\nCoarcte (je), 488.\nCocatris, 206.\nCochet (ung) au uent, xl.\nCocquart, 210.\nCocquelourde, 207.\nCocquyn, 188.\nCocquynaille, 188.\nCoepelle (je), 484.\nCoessyn, 211.\nCoeste, 260.\nCogitation, 280.\nCognoissance, 57.\nCohertion, 208.\nCohibe (je), 607.\nCoiche, 229.\nCoing, 209.\nCoint, 312.\nCointerie, 248.\nCointeux, 308.\nCole, 207.\nCol\u00e9e, 205.\nColericq, 315.\nColier, 207.\nColire, 174.\nCollegat, 219.\nColomb, 27.\nColombette, 254.\nColompne, 254.\nColubrin, 324.\nColumbier, 215.\nColumpne, 254.\nColyn, 239.\nCombateur, 220.\nCombien que, 872.\nCombrance, 207.\nComli, 308.\nCommande (je me), 489.\nComme aynsi soyt, 884.\nCommedie, 207.\nCommendable, 308.\nCommentaire, 277.\nComme poynt, 847.\nCommigne (je), 522.\nCommun; genre commun dans les noms substantifs, xxv;\n  dans les noms adjectifs xxvii.\nCommunalt\u00e9, 207, 573.\nCommunicque (je), 490.\nCommunit\u00e9, 207.\nComodit\u00e9, 207.\nCompaigne, 154.\nCompaignon, 154.\nCompaire (je), 529.\nComparaison. Degr\u00e9s de comparaison dans les adjectifs, xxviii, 71.\nComparation, 207.\nCompare (je), 455.\nComparison, 207.\nComparoyr, 393.\nCompasse (je), 466.\nCompassible, 320.\nCompelle (je), 491.\nCompendieux, 308.\nCompete (il), 434.\nComplains (je me), 491.\nComplainz, 351.\nComposition, cinqui\u00e8me accident des noms, 68;\n  --dans les pronoms, xxix.\nCompte, 279.\nCompte par ject (je), 477.\nComyn, 207.\nConcele (je), 492.\nConcitation, 245.\nConclave, 234.\nConcord, 207.\nConculque (je), 761.\nCondamne (une), 279.\nCondampne (je), 506.\nCondempne (je), 493.\nCondescens (je me), 493.\nCondigne, 326.\nConditionnel (mode), 85.\nCondutz, 299.\nConduycte, 208.\nConestable, 208.\nConestabl\u00e9e, 208.\nConfere (je), 466.\nConferme (je me), 419.\nConfesse (une), 267.\nPage 1092\nConflict, 220.\nConforte (je), 483.\nConfrairie, 201.\nConfrication, 264.\nConfronte (je), 473.\nConfuge, 272.\nConfunde (je), 469.\nConfuse (je), 494.\nCongye, 170.\nConin, 208.\nConjoings (je), 494.\nConjonctions: copulatives, disjonctives, continuatives,\n  sub-continuatives, 148.\nConjouys (je me), 683.\nConjugaison: premi\u00e8re, 88;\n  seconde, 90;\n  troisi\u00e8me, 93.\n  --Trois conjugaisons du verbe actif, p. xxx.\nConquesta (il), 161.\nConqueste (je), 494.\nConquesteur, 208.\nConsaulx, 182.\nConsequantement, 799.\nConsequens, 207.\nConsergerie, 221.\nConsierge, 235.\nConsonnes; leur prononciation, 21.\n  --Prononciation des consonnes quand il y en a plusieurs entre deux\n  voyelles, xix, 23, 24.\nConstraint, 308.\nConstraintif, 313.\nContamine (je), 509.\nContant, 822.\nConte, 157.\nContempne (je), 496.\nContempte (je), 421.\nContenement, 208, 212.\nContens (je), 421.\nContente (je), 496.\nContenue, 208.\nContere (je), 471.\nContermine (je), 612.\nConterquarre, 256.\nConterquayre, 257.\nContesse, 209.\nConteuer, 209.\nContourne (je me), 453.\nContraincte, 208.\nContraintif, 308.\nContrarieuset\u00e9, 208.\nContrarieux, 308.\nContrecueur, 196.\nContredaigne (je), 519.\nContredaing, 228.\nContrediction, 224.\nContrefaict, 308.\nContrefaicture, 209.\nContregarde (je), 509, 597.\nContremaistre, 259.\nContremont, 628.\nContrepasse (je), 496.\nContrepense (je), 755.\nContreplaide (je), 500.\nContrepoys, 209.\nContrepoyse (je), 496.\nContreuue, 239, 507.\nContreyman, 209.\nContribue (je), 497.\nContristation, 231.\nControuersie, 284.\nContumelie, 213.\nContumelieux, 310.\nConturbation, 284.\nConvenance (je), 497.\nConuenant, 207, 653.\nConuerse (je), 582.\nConuert\u00e9e, convertie, xxxvii.\nConuertissement, 190, 787.\nConuertisseur, 189.\nConuiens (je), 438.\nConuole (je), 490.\nConuoye (je), 468.\nConuoyement, 208.\nCopeav, 211.\nCoppeau, 267.\nCoppie (je me) 694.\nCoquarde, 240.\nCoquatris, 237.\nCoquemert, 203.\nCoquine (je), 446.\nCoral, 208.\nCoralin, 308.\nCorbeillon, 229.\nCorbineau, 291.\nCordaige, 68.\nCordiallet\u00e9, 229.\nCordouanerie, 267.\nCordouanier, 209.\nCorduain, 208.\nCorduainer, 208.\nCorlaire, 208.\nCormerande, 155.\nCormerant, 155.\nCornardie, 221.\nCornemusier, 196.\nCornettier, 232.\nCornille, 230.\nCorone, 209.\nCoronement, 209.\nCoronet, 274.\nCorporeau, 209.\nCorpsage, 198, 273.\nCorpset, 187.\nCorret, 193.\nCorroucer, 27.\nCorrumpable, 308.\nCoruscation, 239.\nCost\u00e9e, 260.\nCostie (je), 499.\nCotelle, 236.\nCottie (je me), 674.\nCotton, 209.\nCouardaylle, 188.\nCouche (je), 534.\nCoulde, 168.\nCoulde\u00e9, 211.\nCouleresse, 207.\nCouleurinier, 229.\nCouloure (je), 489.\nCoulpable, 306.\nCoulper, 495.\nPage 1093\nCoultre, 211.\nCouoiteux, 308.\nCoupiau, 205.\nCouple (je), 499.\nCouppe (je), 505.\nCouppeure, 211.\nCouraieur, 211.\nCouraige, xlviii.\nCouraigieux, 308.\nCourayeur, 208, 210.\nCourbe (je), 500.\nCouretier, 201.\nCourreur, 210.\nCourroye (je), 505.\nCourser, 217.\nCourt (une), 164.\nCourt. Faictez le court, 146.\nCourtault, 68.\nCourtaulx, 5.\nCourteur, 267.\nCourtil, 237.\nCourue (je me), 461.\nCousevr, 273.\nCoustage, 209.\nCouste (je), 499.\nCousteau, 236.\nCousteillier, 210.\nCoustengeux, 308.\nCoustiere, 209.\nCoustomable, 309,\nCoustre, 281.\nCoustume, 211.\nCoustume (je), 500.\nCoustumier, 211.\nCoustumiere, 290.\nCoustumierement, 835.\nCousturier, 68.\nCousturiere, 68.\nCoustz, 209.\nCoutellier, 209.\nCouttepointier, 260.\nCouttepoynte, 260.\nCouueleque, 209, 239.\nCouuertoir, 209, 232.\nCouuoitise, 209.\nCouureure, 280.\nCouurier, 281.\nCouerleque, 236.\nCouert, 308.\nCouertevre, 221.\nCouient (il), 4.\nCoychon, 254.\nCoyement, 839.\nCoyfue, 206.\nCoygnetz, 699.\nCoynctement, 841.\nCoypeav, 210.\nCoypelle (je), 757.\nCoyschon, 187.\nCoyschonet, 187.\nCrachart, 249.\nCracquelin, 210.\nCraings (je), 526.\nCraintiuit\u00e9, 219.\nCramosyn, 309.\nCranequin, 210.\nCravasse, 210.\nCraye (je), 480.\nCreante (je), 667.\nCredable, 330.\nCredo (la), 163.\nCreinu, 318.\nCremeu, 311.\nCremeur, 219.\nCremilliere, 257.\nCreroye, 394.\nCresay, 236.\nCresme, 210.\nCresmeau, 210.\nCrespe (je), 500.\nCrespeleux, 309.\nCrespelle (je), 502.\nCrespelleux, 307.\nCrespine, 173.\nCrespure, 211.\nCressant, 210.\nCreste, 210.\nCresy, 203.\nCreurent, 61.\nCreuset\u00e9, 232.\nCricquet, 210.\nCrierie, 210.\nCrine, 242.\nCrinet, 229.\nCrisolite, 210.\nCristien, 6, 309.\nCristiennet\u00e9, 211.\nCristoire, 225.\nCrochette, 211.\nCrochue (je), 502.\nCrochuset\u00e9, 231.\nCrocq, 211.\nCrocque la pie (je), 780.\nCroissement, 234.\nCronicques, 60.\nCroq, 221.\nCroquailles, 202.\nCrouliere, 260.\nCroulle (je), 502.\nCrouste, 211.\nCro\u00ffo\u00ffe, 11.\nCroyse (je me), 718.\nCroys\u00e9e, 273.\nCroyst, 13.\nCrualt\u00e9, 54.\nCrudesse, 261.\nCrueur, 261.\nCrueux, 309.\nCueils (je), 559.\nCueilx (je), 560.\nCueur, xlviii, 166.\nCuidance, 280.\nCuiderie, 280.\nCuillier, 274.\nCuisement, 235.\nCuissettes, 266.\nCuisseyn, 260.\nCuisure, 271.\nCulpablet\u00e9, 225.\nCultiueure, 237.\nCultre, 266.\nCuluerine, 211.\nCurace, 251.\nPage 1094\nCure (je), 504.\nCurial, 309.\nCurieusit\u00e9, 211.\nCurlieu, 211.\nCurlis, 211.\nCuydereau, 876.\nCuyts (je), 716.\nCyrcuite, 177.\nD\nD; sa prononciation, 28.\nDabondant, 851.\nDaguet, 287.\nDalle, 209.\nDamaige, 212.\nDamars, 212.\nDammage, 9.\nDammaige, 266.\nDampnable, 525.\nDampnation, 212, 348.\nDance, 212.\nDancerie, 212.\nDanceur, 212.\nDandelion, 212.\nDangereuset\u00e9, 212.\nDangiers, 60.\nDarde (je), 657.\nDardoye (je), 506.\nDariolle, 211.\nDart, 21.\nDassez, 835.\nDassiette, 817.\nDatt\u00e9 (un), 157.\nDatte (je), 507.\nDautant, 848.\nDe (beaucoup de peine, etc.), xliii.\nDeambulatoire, 286.\nDeannerie, 212.\nDebelle (je), 742.\nDe bon acquest, 844.\nDebonaire, 309.\nDebonairet\u00e9, 226.\nDe bon eur, 835.\nDe bonne erre, 838.\nDebout, 206.\nDebranchis (je), 614.\nDe brief, 809.\nDebrise (je), 471.\nDebrise (je me), 553.\nDebte, 213.\nDebteur, 213.\nDecede (je), 567.\nDeceptif, 310.\nDeceptif, 795.\nDecesse, 309.\nDecess\u00e9, 309.\nDeceuable, 309.\nDeceuablet\u00e9, 213.\nDeceuance, 212.\nDeceueur, 212.\nDeceueux, 309.\nDechasse (je), 481, 530.\nDechiet, 62.\nDechoys (je), 544.\nDeclaire (je me), 465.\nDeclarance, 212.\nDeclareur, 212.\nD\u00e9clinaison, sixi\u00e8me accident des noms, 69.\n  --Dans les pronoms, xxix.\n  --De trois sortes, pag. xxix, xxx.\n  --D\u00e9clinaison personnelle dans les temps des verbes, pag. xxxii.\nD\u00e9cline, 212.\nDecline (je), 461.\nDecline (je me), 509.\nDeclicque (je), 615.\nDecolle (je), 446.\nDecoutre, 691.\nDecourrable, 308.\nDecours (je), 606.\nDecouert, 319.\nDecoys (je), 508.\nDecrepitement, 234.\nDecrepte, 281.\nDe demayn a demayn, 855.\nDedens, 824.\nDeduis (je me), 724.\nDeduit, 346.\nDefaulte, 212.\nDefaultz, 25.\nDefecteux, 312.\nD\u00e9fectif. Verbe d\u00e9fectif, xxx, xxxv.\nDefence, 212.\nDefensable, 309.\nDefface (je), 458.\nDeffaict, 213.\nDeffaicte, 285.\nDeffailance, 218.\nDeffays (je me), 477.\nDeffens (je), xli.\nDefferme (je), 766,\nDeffermure, 285.\nDeffiance, 185.\nDeffie (je), 509.\nDeffinement, 217.\nDefforme (je), 457.\nDeffraye (je), 651.\nDeffroye (je), 450.\nDeffroysse (je), 471.\nDefraude (je), 457.\nDefunct, 212.\nDegloutis (je), 744.\nDegoyse (je), 482.\nDeguerpis (je), 671.\nDehonter, 19.\nDehouser, 19.\nDeificque, 314.\nDe jadis, 864.\nDejoincture, 290.\nDe la entour, 823.\nDelaisse (je), 448,\nDelation, 212.\nDelaye (je), 510.\nDelectablet\u00e9, 212.\nDe legier, 835.\nDeles, 817.\nDe lesgier, 353.\nDelez, 818.\nPage 1095\nDelibere (je me), 478.\nDelicatte, 212.\nDelicte, 282.\nDelievre, 267.\nDeliteux, 309.\nDeliure, 317.\nDeliverance, 212.\nDelot, 220.\nDelucide (je), 621.\nDelude (je), 511.\nDemaine, 240.\nDemangeure, 233.\nDemarche (je), 685.\nDemarie (je me), 512.\nDemayne, 173.\nDemene (je), 604.\nDemeur, 159.\nDemeurement, 841.\nDemiet\u00e9, 228.\nDemion, 228.\nDemolie (je), 452.\nDemonstrable, 309.\nDemonstrance, 267.\nDemourance, 279.\nDemourant, 262.\nDemourroyt, 401.\nDemyceinct, 212.\nDemye douzaine, 859.\nDenaire, 174.\nDenieries, 478.\nDenomme (je), 643.\nDenoue (je), 739.\nDenteux, 327.\nDentour, 815.\nDenue (je), 442.\nDenye (je), 511.\nDepainctz, 63.\nDepaings (je), 489.\nDe par Dieu, 837.\nDeparle (je), 727.\nDepars (je), 512.\nDe pieca, 802.\nDe plante et de layct, 835.\nDe playn poyng, 845.\nDeploration, 198, 273.\nDepraue (je), 513.\nDeprecation, 197.\nDeprede (je), 689.\nDeprie (je), 451.\nDe prime face, 805.\nDe prinsault, 805.\nDepriue (je), 513.\nDepopule (je), 514.\nDeporte (je me), 554.\nDepourueoys (je), 646.\nDepuisnagayres, 142.\nD\u00e9rivation, quatri\u00e8me accident des noms substantifs, 68.\n  --Sixi\u00e8me accident des adjectifs, 73.\nDeriue (je), 513.\nDerogue (je), 415.\nDeromps (je), 554.\nDeronge (je), 456.\nDesacoustume (je me), 517.\nDesaduoue (je), 511.\nDesafolle (je), 469.\nDesahonte (je me), 776.\nDesaloue (je), 517.\nDesaltere (je), 468, 522.\nDesancre (je), 584.\nDes anten, 854.\nDesappoincte (je), 521.\nDesaprens (je), 556.\nDesareste (je), 750.\nDesaroy, 214.\nDesarroye (je), 465.\nDesassemble (je), 512.\nDesassembler, 494.\nDesatemperance, 214.\nDesatrempe (je), 468, 522.\nDesauctorise (je), 675.\nDesauance (je), 517.\nDesayse (je), 519.\nDesbauche (je me), 516.\nDesbaudis (je), 632.\nDesbaulx, 214.\nDesblasme (je), 541.\nDesbloucque (je), 615.\nDesboucle (je), 615.\nDesbource (je), 517, 602.\nDesbranchis (je), 759.\nDesceille (je), 766.\nDescendue, 226.\nDescengle (je), 768.\nDeschairne (je), 544.\nDeschampe (je), 465, 768.\nDescharne (je), 544.\nDeschausse (je me), 674.\nDeschicquette (je), 589.\nDeschire (je), 686.\nDescoche (je), 615.\nDescognoissance, 245.\nDescombre (je), 766.\nDescomfiture, 190.\nDescomforte (je), 518.\nDesconfeture, 213.\nDesconfort, 213.\nDesconfys (je), 518.\nDescongnoys (je), 638.\nDesconseille (je), 567.\nDesconsolate (je), 518.\nDescord, 214.\nDescorde (je), 518.\nDescosche (je), 768.\nDescouche (je me), 692.\nDescouloure (je), 518.\nDescoupe (je), 589.\nDescourue (je), 502.\nDescouuers (je), 442.\nDescrips (je), 513.\nDescrist, 64.\nDescrouste (je), 484.\nDescroys (je), 509.\nDesdaigneux, 310.\nDesdaing, 51, 214\nDesdeulx (je me), 609.\nDesempare (je), 469.\nDesemple (je), 532.\nDesennuie (je), 433.\nDesercion, 222.\nDesers (je), 513.\nDeserte (je), 670.\nDesesperance, 214, 286.\nDeseuret\u00e9, 285.\nDesfortune, 245.\nDesgarnys (je), 519, 768.\nDesgayne (je), 527.\nPage 1096\nDesgorge (je), 478.\nDesgouste (je), 468.\nDesguyse (je), 519.\nDesharnesch\u00e9, 328.\nDeshonest, 139.\nDeshoneste, 310.\nDeshoneste (je), 519.\nDeshont\u00e9, 504.\nDeshonter, 30.\nDeshormays, 143, 808.\nDeshouser, 30.\nDes incontinent que, 808.\nDesirance, 202.\nDesiste (je), 465.\nDesjoings (je), 512.\nDesjoyncts (je), 671.\nDesjune (je), 463.\nDeslasche (je), 608.\nDeslie (je), 615.\nDeslodge (je me), 685.\nDesloge (je me), 512.\nDeslogement, 285.\nDesloiault\u00e9, 249.\nDeslorsenca, 28.\nDeslors en auant, 863.\nDesmarche (je me), 734.\nDesmarcher, 62.\nDesmaye (je), 519.\nDesmaye (je me), 444.\nDesmembre (je), 505.\nDesmesle (je), 512, 653.\nDesmesure (je), 372.\nDesmesuree, 63.\nDesmets (je), 519.\nDesmonte (je), 768.\nDesnature (je), 579.\nDesnaturel, 280.\nDesniche (je), 487.\nDesnoue (je), 615.\nDesole (je), 556.\nDe son playn vivant, 807.\nDes or, 808.\nDesordonnance, 245.\nDesordre (je), 520, 638.\nDesoreille (je), 505.\nDes or mais, 808.\nDesorte (je), 607.\nDespecer, 27.\nDespendre, 139.\nDespendu, 350.\nDespens, 23, 214.\nDespensateur, 202.\nDespensation, 214.\nDespere (je), 514.\nDesper\u00e9, 425.\nDespieca, 810.\nDespitaire, 310.\nDespite (je), 520.\nDespiterie, 219.\nDespiteuset\u00e9, 274.\nDespiteux, 310.\nDesplays (je), 521.\nDesplaysir, 214.\nDesploye (je), 520, 767.\nDespoille, 274.\nDespouruoys (je), 521.\nDesprise (je), 521.\nDespuis, 802.\nDespuis Nouel en ca, 863.\nDesrigle (je), 468.\nDesrigle (je me), 572.\nDesrobe (je), 514.\nDesroute (je), 653.\nDesroy, 245.\nDesroye (je me), 734.\nDesrue (je me), 570.\nDessaisie (je), 521.\nDessaisine (je), 521.\nDesserre (je), 768.\nDesseruir, 383.\nDessier, 213.\nDessire (je), 686.\nDessus, 794.\nDestaings (je), 522.\nDestains (je), 676.\nDestigne (je), 523.\nDestinable, 310.\nDestine (je), 434.\nDestitue (je), 556.\nDestoubz estraine, 277.\nDestouppe (je), 768.\nDestour, 250.\nDestourbe (je), 522.\nDestourbier, 284.\nDestourmier, 214.\nDestraygns (je), 522.\nDestrays (je), 669.\nDestre (au), 144.\nDestresse, 214.\nDestribuer, 383.\nDestroitz, 63.\nDestrousse, 279.\nDestruys (je), 470, 514.\nDestys (je), 647.\nDesueloppe (je), 767.\nDesuere, 243.\nDesuergonde (je), 627\nDesuerie, 261.\nDesuoye (je), 467.\nDetaingz lhuile (je), 551.\nDe tant, de tant, 852.\nDe tant plus, tant plus, 852.\nDetection, 198.\nDeterminable, 310.\nDetermine (je), 534.\nDeterminement, 57.\nDetermineur, 213, 220.\nDe tout nifles, 850.\nDe tout en tout, 883.\nDetracte (je), 443.\nDetractoire, 310,\nDetrayne (je), 760.\nDetrenche (je), 505.\nDetrier, 275.\nDeturpe (je), 509.\nDeuls (je me), 419.\nDeureur, 280.\nDeusiesme, 83.\nDeuxiesme, 73.\nDeuanthyer, 143.\nDeuantcier, 222.\nDeuide, 228.\nDeuideresse, 281.\nDeuidouer, 254.\nDeuie (je), 508.\nDeuination, 213.\nDeuinement, 224.\nDeuis, 385.\nPage 1097\nDeuorce (je), 515.\nDeuoure (je), 515.\nDe vray, 835.\nDextre, 23.\nDeyl, 280.\nDiaculum, 729.\nDiademe (je), 432.\nDictee, 214.\nDictie, 214.\nDictier, 214.\nDictz, 25.\nDicy en auant, 855.\nDicy et desja, 811.\nDie (que je), 96.\nDiette, 213.\nDiffamement, 213.\nDiffere (je me), 515.\nDifferre (je), 529.\nDifficult\u00e9, 229.\nDiffinissement, 213.\nDiffinition, 213.\nDifforme (je), 515.\nDiffuse, 310.\nDigne (je), 632.\nDigresse (je), 516.\nDilate (je), 516.\nDiligente (je), 524.\nDimanche de blanches, 251.\nDime (je), 511.\nDimenche, 278.\nDimention, 244.\nDisauantaige, 231.\nDiscention, 213, 214.\nDiscipline (je), 499.\nDisconfiture, 214.\nDiscort, 214.\nDiscouleure (je), 734.\nDiseteux, 319.\nDiseur, 504.\nDishoneur, 214.\nDishonneur, 166.\nDisme (je), 758.\nDisner, 213.\nDispare (je), 36, 726.\nDispars (je), 517.\nDisparse (je), 36, 520.\nDispence (je), 520.\nDispens, 182.\nDispertion, 273.\nDispriser, 350.\nDisputation, 214.\nDisraige (je), 697.\nDissention, 277.\nDissolue (je), 464.\nDissolutione, 328.\nDissonne (je me), 726.\nDistille (je), 530.\nDistincte (je), 36, 671.\nDistributifs. Noms distributifs, p. XXIX, 359.\nDiuturne, 317.\nDiuerset\u00e9, 214, 272.\nDiuersite (je me), 428.\nDiuertis (je me), 523.\nDiuide (je), 523.\nDiuine (je), 668.\nDiuineur, 273.\nDiuulger, 411.\nDiziesme, 60.\nDocque, 214.\nDocque (je), 707.\nDoctrine (je), 523.\nDole (je me), 640.\nDolle, 228.\nDolouere, 193, 201.\nDomageux, 310.\nDomagyable, 310.\nDomesche, 326.\nDomesticque, 242.\nDomicille, 216.\nDominateresse, 290.\nDommagieux, 314.\nDommaigiable, 316.\nDonee, 214.\nDongon, 30.\nDonne attendance (je), 564.\nDonne garde (je), 489.\nDonne le bont (je), 688.\nDonne lustre (je), 713.\nDonront, 401.\nDorre (je), 499.\nDouaigi\u00e8re, 237.\nDouble (je), 498.\nDouble (je me), 525.\nDouen danten, 855.\nDouge (je), 762.\nDoulant, 60, 325.\nDoulcaines, 356.\nDoulcement, 16.\nDoulcereux, 310.\nDoulcet\u00e9, 272.\nDoulcilocque, 218.\nDoulphin, 214, 223.\nDousayne, 373.\nDoutance, 215, 275.\nDoybs (je), XXXII, 650.\n  --Conjugaison du verbe _debuoyr_,\nDoynt, 393.\nDraconique, 311.\nDracque, 215.\nDraggee, 203.\nDragme, 215.\nDramme, 215.\nDrappeur, 206.\nDresseure, 215.\nDressouer, 211.\nDrogges, 261.\nDroict, XLVIII, 311.\nDroicteur, 277.\nDromedaire, 215.\nDruge, 215.\nDubitation, 215.\nDueils (je me), 410,\nDuict, 312.\nDuise (je), 464.\nDuisible, 303.\nDuite (je), 619.\nDu long, 824.\nDune (je), 659.\nPage 1098\nDu possible, 831.\nDu surplus, 878.\nDu traict, 834.\nDuysant, 305.\nE\nE; sa prononciation, 3, 54.\n  --Devant un _m_ ou un _n_, XVII.\n  --_E_ final; sa prononciation, XXI, 41, 42, 44, 45.\n  --Dans _be_, _ce_, _de_ et dans _el_, _em_, _en_, XXIII.\n  --Terminaison de tous les adjectifs f\u00e9minins, XXVII.\n  --Figurative du _th\u00e8me_ de la premiere conjugaison des verbes actifs,\n  XXXI.\nEasy, 311.\nEaue, 11.\nEauyer, 270.\nEayger, 3.\nEburnin, 330.\nEcche, 273.\nEchaufoison, 229.\nEffassable, 63.\nEffection, XLVIII.\nEffonce (je), 530.\nEffondre (je me), 705.\nEffons (je), 662.\nEfforc\u00e9, 424.\nEfforcement, 206, 207.\nEfforcer, 747.\nEffraieux, 305,\nEffrene (je), 771.\nEffronte (je), 559.\nEffroydis(je), 498.\nEffroye (je), 418.\nEgripe, 228.\nEi, diphthongue; sa prononciation, 13.\nEl, final dans les adjectifs, devant un nom substantif f\u00e9minin, 43.\nElapse (je me), 699.\nElebere, 216.\nEliphant, 216.\nElucidation, 212.\nEmancipe (je), 443.\nEmbages, 226.\nEmbaillonne (je), 559.\nEmbassade, 216.\nEmbats (je), 415.\nEmbats (je me), 666.\nEmbattonn\u00e9, 452.\nEmbesoigne (une), 306.\nEmbesoign\u00e9, 306, 423.\nEmbesoingne (je), 451.\nEmble (je), 734.\nEmbler, 3.\nEmbosse (je), 533.\nEmbouche (je), 507.\nEmtouche (je), 736.\nEmboucheur, 279.\nEmboue (je), 435.\nEmboys (je), 529.\nEmbrabile, 307.\nEmbronche (je me), 584.\nEmbrunche (je), 737.\nEmbuche (un), 167.\nEmmarre (je), 477.\nEmmeroides, 216.\nEmmouffle (je), 489, 642.\nEmmurer, 108.\nEmmy, 819.\nEmparente (je), 624.\nEmparle, 312.\nEmparl\u00e9, 329.\nEmparque (je), 590.\nEmpenne (je), 547.\nEmpennon, 219.\nEmperiere, 216.\nEmpesche, 305.\nEmpescheur, 238.\nEmpiece, 855.\nEmplaistre, 255.\nEmplastre (je), 697.\nEmployement, 198,\nEmplume (je), 741.\nEmpouldre (je), 436.\nEmpouldrer, 108.\nEmpraignant, 321.\nEmpraincte, 431.\nEmpreings (je), 492.\nEmprens, 395.\nEmpres de, 821.\nEmpresse, 216.\nEmpresse (je), 532.\nEmprime (je), 536.\nEmprimeur, 258.\nEmprinse, 217.\nEmpropere (je), 603.\nEmpugne (je), 590.\nEmpunaise (je), 591.\nEmpunaysis (je), 741.\nEn, devant les verbes, _il sen est enfuy_, XLI;\n  --_il sen est en all\u00e9_, _il sen est enfouy_, 110.\nEnamoure (je me), 425.\nEnbaulsme (je), 432.\nEnboce (je), 459.\nEn cambrant, 842.\nEn ce droyt lieu, 820.\nEncendre (je), 436.\nEn ce taudis, 809,\nEnceyngs (je), 127, 487.\nEnchancre (je), 474.\nEncharge (je), 481, 603.\nEnchartre (je), 536.\nEnchartrure, 234.\nEncherge (je), 553.\nEncherme (je), 533.\nEncheuestre (je), 577.\nEnchifre (je), 476.\nEncire (je), 709.\nEncise (je), 603.\nEncline (je me), 461.\nEnclos (je), 498.\nEnclouche (je), 667.\nEncolle (je), 676.\nEncombreux, 308.\nEncontre, 241.\nEncontrer, 570.\nEncorne (je), 758.\nEncoule (je), 721.\nEncoulpe (je), 603, 783.\nPage 1099\nEncourtine (je), 479, 578.\nEn court tour, 841.\nEncoyche (je), 644.\nEncre (je), 729.\nEncrocher, 478.\nEncroissement, 216.\nEncuse (je), 417.\nEndammaige (je), 506.\nEndebte (je), 467.\nEndementiers, 3, 382.\nEndentures, 183, 442.\nEndosse (je), 534.\nEndoue (je), 534.\nEn droit moy, 362.\nEndroyt moy, 878.\nEn estant, 842.\nEn facon comme si, 838.\nEnfant de cueur, 260.\nEnfermerie, 219.\nEnfermier, 235.\nEnfille (je), 516.\nEnfirme (je), 627.\nEnfirmit\u00e9, 269.\nEnflaire (je), 722.\nEnflambe (je), 534.\nEnfleure (je), 666.\nEnfollys (je), 773.\nEnfondreure, 271.\nEnforcement, 217.\nEnforme (je), 534.\nEnfrayns (je), 464.\nEnfrene (je), 465.\nEngaigne, 271, 289.\nEngaigne (je), 676.\nEngarde (je), 607.\nEn gast, 844.\nEngel\u00e9, 426.\nEngendreure, 68.\nEngendrure, 190.\nEngeronne (je), 506, 711.\nEngigneur, 242.\nEngloute (je), 786.\nEngloutis (je), 487.\nEngloutte (je), 568.\nEnglue (je), 535.\nEngorge (je), 744.\nEngoulle (je), 576.\nEngrandy, 428.\nEngratie, 234.\nEngrayne (je), 574.\nEngresse (je), 546.\nEngressis (je me), 774.\nEngrosse (je), 575.\nEngrossye (je), 535.\nEnguygne (je), 457.\nEnguyne (je), 446.\nEnhabite (je), 19, 535.\nEnhanter, 19.\nEnharnesche (je), 532.\nEnhazarder, 19.\nEnhort, 193.\nEnhorte (je), 541.\nEnhorter, 19.\nEnhuylle (je), 431.\nEn jars, 826.\nEn jeu, 838.\nEnjoyngs (je), 536.\nEnlace (je), 600.\nEnlangaig\u00e9, 329.\nEn la parfin, 804, 808.\nEn la parfin, 808.\nEnlargis (je), 536.\nEn louchet, 829.\nEnlumine (je), 611.\nEn mal heure, 837.\nEn malle sepmayne, 709.\nEn mal poynt, 468.\nEnmarre (je), 756.\nEnnoue (je), 489.\nEnnoyrcys (je me), 773, 774.\nEnnuys, 828.\nEnnuys (je me), 593.\nEnnuyse (que je), 397.\nEnordonn\u00e9, 316.\nEn peu dheure, 809.\nEnplum\u00e9, 774.\nEnprennis (je), 746.\nEnpresse (je), 665.\nEnprisonne (je), 536.\nEnpugne (je), 536.\nEnquantelle (je), 657.\nEnquerquenne (je), 786.\nEnquisition, 234.\nEn quoy, 838.\nEnrage (je me), 778.\nEnragerie, 241.\nEnraille (je), 457.\nEn recoy, 841.\nEnresne (je), 678.\nEnreue, 291.\nEnriche (je), 537.\nEn riens quiconques, 849,\nEnrim\u00e9, 582.\nEnrouche (je), 672.\nEnroueure, 232.\nEnrouille (je me), 696.\nEnrouilleure, 264.\nEnroullis (je), 560.\nEnrouse (je), 445.\nEnsacque (je), 696.\nEn sauf, 838.\nEnseigne, 306.\nEnseign\u00e9, 306.\nEnselle (je), 708.\nEnsemble, 797.\nEnsens, 203.\nEnsensier, 203.\nEnserche (je), 708.\nEnserre (je), 613.\nEnseuelir;  conjugaison de ce verbe, 103.\nEnsigne, 203.\nEnsoigne (je), 468.\nEnsoulffre (je), 698.\nEnsuiuis (je), 524.\nEnsurys (je), 777.\nEnsuys (je), 537.\nEntache (je), 436.\nEntaille (je), 679.\nEntaings (je), 516.\nEntalente (je), 564.\nEntalent\u00e9, 430.\nEntandis, 809.\nEntendible, 318.\nPage 1100\nEntens a (je), 564.\nEntent, XLVIII, 234.\nEntente, 800.\nEntentif, 299, 305.\nEntention, 234.\nEnterin, 315.\nEntese (je), 561.\nEnteyse (je), 526.\nEntieret\u00e9, 232.\nEntonne (je), 538.\nEntour, 802.\nEntoxique (je), 531, 592.\nEntoyse (je), 670.\nEntrechangement, 204.\nEntredent, 273.\nEntredys (je), 592.\nEntre en deuises (je), 550.\nEntrehabandonne (je), 556.\nEntre hantent (ils se), 425.\nEntrelaisse (je), 556.\nEntrelasse (je), 462.\nEntremescorde (je), 519.\nEntremetteux, 306, 676.\nEntremy, 816.\nEntreneu, 236.\nEntreneue, 250.\nEntreprenneurs, 61.\nEntreromps (je), 592.\nEntresayn, 239.\nEntresourcil, 273.\nEntrespaule, 273.\nEntretaille (je), 476, 700.\nEntretant que, 809.\nEntretenc\u00e9s, 483.\nEntretenement, 234.\nEntrhabitcr, 140.\nEntroeyl, 138.\nEntrosne (je), 732.\nEnuyce, 241.\nEnuyeuset\u00e9, 235.\nEnuyt (il me), 593.\nEnueillys (je me), 543.\nEnuieillys (je), 627.\nEnuoyrine (je), 535.\nEnacte (je), 532.\nEpesseur, 280.\nEpidimie, 253.\nEpistolier, 217.\nEpistre, 23.\nEqualit\u00e9, 217.\nEquiperation, 217.\nEquipollance, 216.\nEquipolle (je), 425.\nEquiualence, 217.\nErre, 287.\nEs, quelquefois terminaison de la premi\u00e8re personne du pluriel dans les\nverbes, page XXXIII.\nEsbahys (je me), conjugaison de ce verbe, 117.\nEsbanoy, 267.\nEsbas (je me), 521.\nEsbatement, 252, 383.\nEsbaudis (je), 461.\nEsbaudis (je me), 773.\nEsberlue (je), 507.\nEsbeurre (je), 551.\nEscache, 276.\nEscade, 202.\nEscaille, 233.\nEscale, 265.\nEscalerie, 265.\nEscalie (je), 699.\nEscalure, 229.\nEscarceur, 265.\nEscarlatte, 265.\nEscarmouche (je), 699.\nEscarmuche, 271.\nEscarquylle (je me), 738.\nEscarte (je), 520.\nEscerueillons, 350.\nEsceruelle (je), 462.\nEschafiture, 231.\nEschallier, 276.\nEschampignon, 281.\nEschange, 169.\nEschanson, 211.\nEschantillon, 265.\nEschappe (je), 441.\nEscharboncle, 198, 203.\nEscharcete, 266.\nEscharfault, 265.\nEscharme, 272.\nEschars, 323.\nEschaude, 288.\nEscbauffe (je), 479.\nEschauffette, 203.\nEschauffeture, 204.\nEschauffoison, 204.\nEschaulde (je), 699.\nEschauld\u00e9, 50, 168.\nEschecquier, 204,\nEschelle (je), 699.\nEschellon, 265.\nEscheue (je), 441.\nEscheueau, 271.\nEschi\u00e9, 425.\nEschiecz, 255.\nEschiel, 237.\nEschieue (je), 438,\nEsclamme, 284.\nEsclande, 168.\nEsclandre (je), 720.\nEsclarcys (je me), 486.\nEsclat, 274.\nEsclendre, 323.\nEscler, 225.\nEsclercis (je), 621.\nEsclerement, 225.\nEsclisse (je), 731.\nEsclipse (je), 531.\nEsclou, 258.\nEscolier, 268.\nEscolte (je), 531.\nEscomuniment, 211.\nEscondict, 213.\nEscondis (je), 511, 697.\nEscondisseur, 212.\nEscons (je), 584.\nEscorce, 233.\nEscorche, 263.\nEscorpion, 36, 165.\nEscosse, 233.\nPage 1101\nEscot, 241.\nEscoue (je), 700.\nEscoufle, 171.\nEscouille (je), 505.\nEscoult, 221.\nEscoupelle (je), 759.\nEscourge (je), 707.\nEscourgez, 182.\nEscout, 229.\nEscoux (je), 479.\nEscoyssoys, 268.\nEscrayn, 228.\nEscreuice, 201.\nEscrie (je me), 501.\nEscripre, 22.\nEscripteau, 268.\nEscriptoyres, 182.\nEscripuayn, 187.\nEscrobe (je), 704.\nEscrole (je), 700.\nEscruelles, 260.\nEscrye, 271.\nEscuelle, 214.\nEscuireau, 275.\nEscuisson, 200.\nEscume, 268.\nEscume de saulmon, 202.\nEscumette, 268.\nEscureul, 275.\nEsgart, 240.\nEsgarys (je me), 562.\nEsgaudis (je), 483.\nEsguilletier, 256.\nEsguillette, 256.\nEsguillon, 223.\nEsguissouere, 275.\nEshonter, 30.\nEsjouys (je me), 535, 683.\nEslargis (je), 529.\nEsle, 172.\nEsleu, 249.\nEsleue, 57.\nEslonguer, 218.\nEsloyngne (je), 108, 415.\nEsluys (je), 498.\nEslys (je), 483.\nEsmael, 194.\nEsmaille (je), 425.\nEsmailleure, 194.\nEsmay\u00e9, 405.\nEsme (je), 419.\nEsmeraulde, 216.\nEsmerueillable, 884.\nEsmolu, 228.\nEsmolument, 224.\nEsmouuement, 286.\nEsmoue (je me), 427.\nEsmoy, 214.\nEsmye (je), 501.\nEspace (la), 349.\nEspaigne, 36.\nEspalleron, 251.\nEsparcis (je), 653.\nEspargoutte, 219.\nEspars (je), 726.\nEspaulle, 267.\nEspaultre (je), 757.\nEspaume, 273.\nEspaume (je me), 543.\nEspaumure, 278.\nEspaumyt (il se), 417.\nEspeciallet\u00e9, 274.\nEspee, 22.\nEspergne, 282.\nEspergne (je), 726.\nEsperon, 274.\nEsperonnier, 274.\nEspessis (je), 741.\nEspices, 274.\nEspie (je), 524.\nEspier, 275.\nEspinars, 274.\nEspinces, 198.\nEspine, 154.\nEspinettes, 659.\nEspingue (je), 730.\nEspirit, 22, 226.\nEspirituel, 314.\nEspirituellet\u00e9, 226.\nEsplang, 271.\nEsplene, 274.\nEsplinguette, 254.\nEsplinguier, 203.\nEsplinguier, 203.\nEsplinguiere, 254.\nEsplouche (je), 699.\nEsploure (je), 453.\nEsplour\u00e9, 324.\nEspounge, 274.\nEspourge, 274.\nEspourgement, 257.\nEspouser, 44.\nEspouuenteusement, 836.\nEspouentable, 312.\nEspoventail, 265.\nEspreuue, 177, 257.\nEspreuier, 273.\nEspuisment, 215.\nEspurge (je), 729.\nEspy, 217.\nEspye, 274.\nEsquaille, 266.\nEsquarre (je), 731.\nEsquarquille (je me), 733.\nEsquarquillez, 457.\nEsquierre, 275.\nEsquippaige, 279.\nEsquippe (je), 558.\nEsrache (je), 670.\nEsseme (je me), 745.\nEssiant, 289.\nEssoine, 218.\nEstable (je), 673.\nEstablet\u00e9, 275.\nEstablissement, 275.\nEstache, 254.\nEstaige, 240.\nEstaings (je), 525.\nEstalleure, 278.\nEstamine, 275.\nEstanche, 325.\nPage 1102\nEstanchonne (je), 767.\nEstancon, 275.\nEstandart, 275.\nEstant, 322.\nEstaple, 275.\nEstardir, 853.\nEstat, 275.\nEstatut, 296.\nEstatute, 275.\nEstaye, 259.\nEstayngs (je), 674.\nEst\u00e9, 50.\nEstens (je), 542.\nEsterne (je), 644.\nEsternuement, 247.\nEsteuue (je), 735.\nEsteuues, 182, 232.\nEsticquette, 206.\nEstincelle, 273.\nEstocque (je), 735.\nEstoffe, 277.\nEstoille, 22, 275.\nEstolle, 276.\nEstomach, 20.\nEstomachier, 276.\nEstonnissement, 193.\nEstorte (je), 785.\nEstouble, 277.\nEstouffe (je), 741.\nEstouillon, 218.\nEstoupayl, 276.\nEstoupeau, 276.\nEslouppe (je), 552.\nEstourdisseure, 277.\nEstourgion, 165.\nEstradiot, 36.\nEstraings (je), 575.\nEstranc, 268.\nEstrane, 271.\nEstrange, 380.\nEstrange (je me), 540.\nEstrangerie, 277.\nEstrangier, 277.\nEstrangis (je me), 777.\nEstrangle (je), 484.\nEstranguillon, 154, 205,\nEstrayndre, 22.\nEstrayne, 229.\nEstrene (je), 578.\nEstreisseur, 247.\nEstricquoires, 182.\nEstrier, 276.\nEstrif, 277.\nEstriquoires, 251.\nEstriue (je me), 508.\nEstriue a lestriuee, 277.\nEstriuee, 277.\nEstriuier, 276.\nEstriuieres, 376.\nEstron, 214.\nEstroysse (je), 738.\nEstroysseur, 277.\nEstude, 276.\nEstudiant, 277.\nEstudier, 22.\nEsturgion, 277.\nEstuuier, 232.\nEstuy, 235.\nEsueille (je me), 441.\nEsueiller, 287.\nEsuertue (je me), 434.\nEtains (je), 648.\nEt par aynsi, 873.\nEt par quoy, 873.\nErige (je), 436.\nEu, diphthongue; sa prononciation, 14;\n  --\u00e0 la fin des mots, 15.\nEulx, 44.\nEure (je), 540.\nEureuset\u00e9, 229.\nEureux, 15, 61.\nEuangille (un ou une), 160;\n  au pluriel toujours du f\u00e9minin, 161.\nEuerse (je), 540.\nEuesch\u00e9, 50.\nEuesque, 9.\nEuissant, 217.\nExalce (je), 540.\nExalse (je), 582.\nExamination, 217.\nExcede (je), 653.\nExcelse, 318.\nExchange (je), 541.\nExclos (je), 541.\nEscommenge, 218.\nExcusation, 218.\nExemplifie (je), 541.\nExercitation, 218.\nExercite, 162.\nExercite (je me), 541.\nExpecte (je), 542.\nExpences, 218.\nExperiment, 218,\nExploicte (je), 434.\nExposeur, 212, 218.\nExpositeur, 218.\nExpresse (je), 542.\nExpurge (je), 542.\nExtermine (je), 523.\nExtorce, 218.\nExtortionne (je), 542.\nExultation, 225.\nEz, terminaison de la seconde personne du pluriel dans les verbes,\n  XXXIII.\nF\nF, sa prononciation, 29.\nFace (que je), 96.\n  --Conjugaison du verbe _faire_, 97.\nFacer, 234.\nFachieux, 310.\nFacil, 311.\nFacion, 665.\nFacteur, 243.\nFactise, 258.\nFacund, 311.\nFacundit\u00e9, 216.\nFacyon, 242\nFade (je), 541.\nFaguenet, 722.\nFaiche (il me), 593\nFaictez, 659.\nFaictez paix, 587.\nFaictisse, 258.\nFaicty, 312.\nPage 1103\nFaictz, 25.\nFaille, 218.\nFain, 185.\nFaincte, 219.\nFainctif, 312.\nFaingdrent (ils), 397.\nFaings (je), 543.\nFaintif, 308.\nFaintise, 219.\nFaisante, 219.\nFaiselle, 270.\nFais frisque (je), 623.\nFais gr\u00e9 (je), 524.\nFais lamende (je), 618.\nFais la queue (je), 526.\nFais le petit (je), 622.\nFais les monstres (je), 643.\nFais ma table (je), 537.\nFait, feit, 677.\nFalace, 218.\nFalcement, 241.\nFallis (je), 705.\nFalsement, 199.\nFame, 336.\nFameilleusement, 836.\nFamileux, 314.\nFant, 219.\nFantasie (je), 545.\nFaonne (je), 546.\nFarce (je), 545.\nFarcement, 251.\nFarcye (je), 545.\nFardage, 277.\nFarde (je), 753.\nFarfelue, 283.\nFascherie, 235.\nFasse, 277.\nFastige, 230.\nFatigation, 288.\nFatiste, 243.\nFatre (je), 461.\nFatrouille (je), 461.\nFaucet, 219.\nFaucille (je), 686.\nFaulce, 270.\nFaulce (je), 435;\nFaulcet\u00e9, 218.\nFaullourde, 197.\nFaulsit (qu'il), 413.\nFault (il), XLVIII.\nFaulteux, 309.\nFaulx a mon esme (je), 571.\nFaulx bourg, 277.\nFauteux, 309.\nFautuset\u00e9, 219.\nFaueau, 211.\nFauourise (je), 546.\n  --Conjugaison du verbe _faire_, 97.\nFayn, 232.\nFa\u00ffndre, 23.\nFaysans, 420.\nFaysant, 155.\nFaysante, 155.\nFays court (je le), 429.\nFays de leaue (je), 524.\nFays de tel pain souppes (je), 710.\nFays du chiche (je), 657.\nFays du grant (je), 450.\nFays du mignot (je), 659.\nFays du muet (je), 588.\nFays propice (je), 540.\nFays une frisque (je), 548.\nFeactise, 219.\nFeaul, 327.\nFeault\u00e9, 218.\nFeble, 312.\nFecundit\u00e9, 255.\nFeiz, 287.\nFelonneux, 309.\nFelonnie, 210.\nFemetoyre, 219.\nFeminal, 329.\nFeminin; raisons du genre f\u00e9minin, p. XXV, 66.\n  --Terminaison du f\u00e9minin dans les adjectifs, 70.\n  --Comment il se forme dans les adjectifs, 292-296.\nFemmette, 68, 187.\nFendasse, 206, 263.\nFendis (je me), 465.\nFener, 230.\nFeneur, 230.\nFenoil, 219.\nFermable, 302.\nFermail, 205.\nFermouer, 205.\nFerron, 235.\nFerruge, 235.\nFeste (un, une), 157.\nFestijer, 6.\nFestiual, 312.\nFestiuit\u00e9, 245.\nFestoyer, 6.\nFestu, 211.\nFestye (je), 482.\nFeterdise, 220.\nFettart, 271.\nFeuaille, 220.\nFeuillart, 280.\nFeultre, 219.\nFeusiere, 219.\nFiable, 327.\nFian, 214.\nFiance (je), 607.\nFianceailles, 278.\nFiant, 214.\nFie (je me); conjugaison de ce verbe, 114.\nFiens, 630.\nFiente (je), 641.\nFiere, 254.\nFiers, fierse, 315.\nFiers (je), 723.\nFilace, 277.\nFil darcal, 288.\nFileresse, 274.\nFilette, 220.\nFillace, 221.\nFilliolle, 226.\nFilosomie, 220.\nPage 1104\nFilure, 280.\nFinablement, 808.\nFine (je), 533.\nFine (je me), 737.\nFin\u00e9, 383.\nFirmement, 57.\nFlaccon, 220.\nFlacquet, 255.\nFlaiau, 203.\nFlambe, 220.\nFlamesche, 220.\nFlamette, 271.\nFlamme (je), 457.\nFlanche, 220.\nFlanet, 221.\nFlaon, 221.\nFlaston, 220.\nFlateur, 220.\nFlauelle, 283.\nFlaytrys (je), 542.\nFleal, 173.\nFlebesse, 219, 287.\nFlet, 281.\nFleume, 221.\nFleure (je), 698.\nFleurement, 271.\nFleurissant, 63.\nFleuste dalemant, 278.\nFlexis (je me), 738.\nFloc, 221.\nFlocquon, 240.\nFlondre, 221.\nFloque, 221.\nFlorissant, 57.\nFloron, 221.\nFlute (je), 658.\nFluue, 221.\nFluuiau, 202.\nFoeille, 238.\nFoeillet, 238.\nFolage, 215.\nFolleur, 221.\nFome, 262.\nFonde, 271.\nFondrier, 213.\nFons, 221.\nFourcelle, 205.\nForbannis (je), 650.\nForce (je), 760.\nForcene (je), 678.\nForcennerie, 241.\nForcepte (je), 650.\nForcettes, 251, 266.\nForciblement, 842.\nForclorre, 109.\nForcluse, 429.\nForcrie (je), 650.\nForest, 164.\nForffis, 53.\nFormangeus (je), 650.\nForment, 799.\nFormiliere, 254.\nFormosit\u00e9, 218.\nFormys, 164.\nForprens (je), 650.\nForsenerie, 289.\nForsque, 146.\nFors que, 847.\nFortier, 487.\nFortresse (je), 557.\nFortun\u00e9, 421.\nForuoye (je), 468.\nForuoye (je me), 557.\nFosselu, 320.\nFossetterie, 256.\nFossetteux, 321.\nFosseur, 214.\nFossoir, 273.\nFouble (je), 691.\nFouete (je), 706.\nFougiere, 219.\nFoullonne (je), 755.\nFoundriere, 260.\nFourbyscher, 222.\nFourche, 307.\nFourcheu, 15.\nFourme, 237.\nFourme (je me), 556.\nFournie (je), 442.\nFourniture, 263.\nFournoise, 271.\nFourraige, 259.\nFoyeur, 214.\nFoylle, 285.\nFoyllet, 266.\nFoyng, 242.\nFoynnes, 221.\nFoysonne (je), 439.\nFraelle, 316.\nFraictz, 209.\nFraille, 307.\nFrain, 456.\nFrancbaisier, 236.\nFranc encens, 222,\nFrangible, 313.\nFraygne (je), 559.\nFrect, 223.\nFreme (je), 703.\nFremme (je), 541.\nFremys (je), 676.\nFrenge, 223.\nFreppier, 186.\nFresc, 296.\nFrescheur, 207.\nFreslet\u00e9, 222.\nFresseure, 257.\nFretillon, 232.\nFreze, 277.\nFriamment, 470.\nFriandement, 470.\nFriant, 309.\nFrille (je), 483.\nFrilleux, 307.\nFrillonne (je), 704.\nFrilonne (je), 575.\nFrinct, 188.\nFrinctaige, 188.\nFringotte (je), 558.\nFringue (je), 558.\nFringuereau, 200, 225.\nFringuerie, 225.\nFrisque, 36, 313.\nFritier, 223.\nFriuolle, 236.\nFrocq, 223.\nFroissis, 201.\nFroissure, 223.\nFromaige dengelon, 239.\nFroncle, 198.\nPage 1105\nFrote (je), 342.\nFroysse (je), 464.\nFructueuset\u00e9, 223.\nFruictage, 223.\nFruictifie (je), 449.\nFrument, 208.\nFrumentee, 223.\nFrustratif, 310.\nFruyctier, 209, 223.\nFrys (je), 558.\nFuaille, 444.\nFueille, 8.\nFueill\u00e9e, 200, 240.\nFueillu, 301.\nFueillure, 320.\nFuier, 229.\nFuillart, 280.\nFumeuset\u00e9, 271.\nFumeux, 774.\nFumiere, 271.\nFunde, 271.\nFundement, 223.\nFuneralle, 269.\nFureux, 313.\nFurolle, 228.\nFuron, 457.\nFusiere, 200.\nFust, 266.\nFustailles, 248.\nFuys (je m'en); conjugaison de ce verbe, 119.\nFyeble, 312.\nG\nG; sa prononciation, 29.\nGaigne, des deux genres, 174, 224.\nGaignier, 266.\nGallant, 681.\nGaillart, 8.\nGailliarde, 329.\nGajer, 11.\nGalier, 233.\nGaliffre, 241.\nGalliarde, 321.\nGallicq, 303.\nGallon, 224.\nGambaulde, 224.\nGamboye, 283.\nGamme, 224.\nGarante (je), 771.\nGarconet, 187.\nGarde, 274.\nGardian, 235.\nGardianne, 290.\nGarence (je), 616.\nGargoille, 224.\nGarguillon, 288.\nGariolle (je), 481.\nGaris (je me), 771.\nGarnache, 223.\nGarnement, 224.\nGarnier, 230.\nGarnissement, 224.\nGarroier, 351.\nGarrot, 259.\nGars, 155.\nGarsche (je), 484.\nGarson, 237.\nGart, 393.\nGason, 227.\nGasouille (je), 456.\nGasteau, 235.\nGattouille (je), 758.\nGauchet\u00e9, 238.\nGaudine, 290.\nGaudisseur, 268, 663.\nGauge, 224.\nGaugeur, 224.\nGaule, 313.\nGaulle, 240.\nGaultiere, 260.\nGaune, 108.\nGaunir, 108.\nGauerdine, 223, 243.\nGauion, 232.\nGayne (je), 559.\nGays, gayse, 313.\nGe pour _je_, 43.\nGect, 281.\nGehenne (je), 463.\nGehynne (je), 463.\nGeleux, 313.\nGemme, 258.\nGenetoire, 242.\nGeneure, 224.\nGenial, 319.\nGeniteur, 218.\nG\u00e9nitif. On supprime quelquefoisle _de_ en fran\u00e7ais, XL, 141.\nGenitrice, 246.\nGenoul, 180.\nGenres; trois en fran\u00e7ais, _masculin_, _f\u00e9minin_ et _commun,_ XXIV, 159.\n --Deux en fran\u00e7ais, _masculin_ et _f\u00e9minin,_  66.\n  --Incertain, 160.\n  --Genres dans les adjectifs, XXVII, 70.\n  --Dans les pronoms, XXIX.\n  --Dans les substantifs, 153, 163-180.\nGent; des deux genres, 162.\nGentian, 224.\nGentilesse, 224.\nGenuflection, 236.\nGermain, 201.\nGermandre, 224.\nGeron, 271.\nGersure, 205.\nGesante, 290.\nGesine, 610.\nGetz, 224.\nGentyl femme, 178, 190.\nGiande, 290.\nGibbesiere, 257.\nGibbesierier, 257.\nGibissiere, 196.\nGietz, 183.\nGingle (je), 566.\nGirouffl\u00e9e, 225\nGiste, 177.\nPage 1106\nGlanceur, 225.\nGlanders, 287.\nGlandres, 183.\nGlenne (je), 568.\nGleu, 152.\nGleue, 159.\nGliceau, 200.\nGlince (je me), 721.\nGlorieuset\u00e9, 225.\nGlorifiance, 225.\nGiorifijer, 6.\nGlose (je), 568.\nGloteron, 202.\nGloutonie, 225.\nGloutton, 225.\nGna, gne, gno; leur prononciation, 8.\nGobe, 319.\nGoblin, 231.\nGodin, 309.\nGodinet, 312.\nGojon, 226.\nGont, 230.\nGorgiasement, 844.\nGormant, 227.\nGorre, 223.\nGoublin, 248.\nGoudale, 193.\nGouernail, 276.\nGoujons, 220.\nGouoystre, gouistre, 287.\nGourdy, 429.\nGourment, 225.\nGournault, 228.\nGoust, 261.\nGouster, 279.\nGoute, 210.\nGouttier, 228.\nGouuernance, 226.\nGouuernat, 226.\nGradale, 237.\nGraffe (je), 574.\nGrageur, 227.\nGrajouer, 260.\nGramarien, 227.\nGramment, 60.\nGranadier, 256.\nGrandet, 73, 303.\nGrandgore, 256.\nGrans, XLVIII.\nGrant, 61.\nGrant piece, 853.\nGrant piece a, 802.\nGrassie (je), 612.\nGrat, gratte, 316.\nGrateux, 316.\nGratigner, 338.\nGregois, 289.\nGregoyr, 253.\nGreigneur, 72.\nGreille (il), 577.\nGrenetier, 211.\nGrenoille, 223.\nGresille (je), 745.\nGresillon, 210.\nGresle, 172.\nGrosse, 215.\nGressieur, 239.\nGreuable, 314.\nGreuance, 227.\nGreuain, 314.\nGreuayn, 324.\nGreues, 229.\nGreuelure, 241.\nGreuer, 386.\nGreueux, 314.\nGriache, 246.\nGriasche, 329.\nGriefz, 165.\nGriesue, 227.\nGrieux, 280.\nGrimmeux, 314.\nGrimneuset\u00e9, 228.\nGrinche (je), 500.\nGringotte (je), 482, 771.\nGrinse (je), 569.\nGripe, 205.\nGrippe (je), 485.\nGrisell\u00e9, 314.\nGriset\u00e9, 227.\nGrondelle (je), 573.\nGrondellement, 403.\nGrondis (je), 694.\nGrongne (je), 574.\nGrosset, 303.\nGrossier, 244.\nGrossye (je), 535.\nGroule (je), 693.\nGroygne (je), 558.\nGroyng, 228.\nGruge (je), 575.\nGrusle (je), 652.\nGuaitter, 10.\nGuarennier, 286.\nGuaris (je me), 771.\nGuarrant, 10.\nGuayct, 287.\nGuayres, 144.\nGuecteurs, 275.\nGuedde, 168.\nGuenchys (je me), 704.\nGuencis (je me), 705.\nGuerdon, 165.\nGuerdonne (je), 513.\nGuerissement, 230.\nGuermente (je me), 453.\nGuerpis (je), 477.\nGuigueron, 226.\nGuille, 289.\nGuimple, 172.\nGuinche, 278.\nGuingne (je me), 706.\nGuiserne, 225.\nGulosit\u00e9, 225.\nGuyndas, 289.\nGuynde (je), 782.\nGuyngne (je me), 613.\nPage 1107\nH\nH, aspiration, consonne, signe orthographiqne, XXIII, 17.\n  --Tableau de tous les mots fran\u00e7ais commen\u00e7ant par une _h_ aspir\u00e9e,\nHabandon\u00e9e, 380.\nHabilite (je), 532.\nHabilite (je me), 521.\nHabilit\u00e9, 228.\nHabille du lyn (je), 582.\nHabitacion, 299.\nHabitacle, 216.\nHabite a femme (je), 491.\nHabitue (je), 694.\nHabundance, 228.\nHabyl, 305.\nHacque (je), 577.\nHacquebutte, 266.\nHacquen\u00e9e, 18.\nHadea, 888.\nHaile (je), 577.\nHaillion, 266.\nHaitie, 318.\nHalberde, 229.\nHalcret, 251.\nHalebarde, 18.\nHaletter, 18.\nHalion, 206.\nHallette (je), 611.\nHamacon, 28.\nHamasson, 18.\nHameux, 18.\nHanche (je), 568.\nHanetton, 18.\nHanse, 281.\nHantel, 275.\nHaras, 275.\nHaraude (je), 583.\nHarcelle (je), 588.\nHarceller, 18.\nHardillon, 18.\nHarengiere, 18, 290.\nHarengue, 18, 249.\nHarias, 18.\nHaro, 888.\nHarol, 501.\nHarper, 30.\nHarpeur, 229,\nHasart, 18.\nHascerell, 229.\nHasche, 229.\nHasle, 272.\nHastee, 274.\nHaster, 18.\nHastereau, 18.\nHastif, 312.\nHastiuement, 836.\nHastiuit\u00e9, 229.\nHaterel, 18.\nHatifue, 10.\nHauberjon, 18.\nHauboys, 286.\nHaue (je), 723.\nHaulberjon, 11, 229.\nHaulbert, 229.\nHault, 18.\nHaulte heure, 653.\nHaultesse, 61.\nHaulteur, 18.\nHaye (je), 582.\nHayneuset\u00e9, 249.\nHa\u00ffo\u00ffe, 11.\nHaytie (je), 568.\nHaytyer, 18.\nHazardeur, 663.\nHeaulme, 18.\nHeaulme, 18.\nHebraicque, 311.\nHebrieu, 216.\nHecq, 229.\nHeer, 5.\nHelle, 289.\nHemee, 18.\nHemy, 888.\nHenny, 149.\nHerault, 18.\nHerbegerie, 255.\nHerberge, 169, 229.\nHerbergier, 18.\nHercelle (je), 579.\nHerci\u00e9, 18.\nHercier, 18.\nHerdre, 18.\nHeremite, 231.\nHeretage, 8.\nHericon, 18.\nHerigne, 274.\nHeritique, 231.\nHeronceau, 187.\nHerpe, 18.\nHers (je), 486.\nHestre, 18.\nHeurcque, 233.\nHeure, 46.\nHeuree, 273.\nHeuse, 18.\nHeuser, 18.\nHideur, 232.\nHideuset\u00e9, 231.\nHierre, 228.\nHobbyn, 18.\nHober, 18.\nHobreau, 18, 231.\nHobyn, 231.\nHoche, 224.\nHochette, 18, 205.\nHochqueteur, 196.\nHocquet, 291.\nHocqueton, 18.\nHollette, 18, 271.\nHome, 7.\nHomonceau, 187.\nPage 1108\nHomonymes qui ne se distinguent que par la place de l'accent, 49.\n  --Qui changent de genre selon leur sens, 157.\nHoneste, 4.\nHongner, 18.\nHonnestet\u00e9, 232.\nHonnieur, 271.\nHonnor\u00e9r, 61.\nHonnys (je), 609.\nHonourable, 73.\nHonourant, 73.\nHonter, 18.\nHontie (je), 619.\nHontoye (je), 701.\nHony, 324.\nHoriloge, 206.\nHorilogier, 206.\nHomblet\u00e9, 232.\nHors dordre, 467.\nHostagier, 232.\nHoatelaige, 229.\nHostelerie, 250.\nHostesse, 155.\nHouet, 280.\nHouische, 888.\nHouller, 18.\nHours, 18.\nHourt, 18.\nHouseau, 18.\nHousette, 18.\nHouspailler, 18.\nHouspaillier, 232.\nHouspillie (je), 745.\nHousser, 18.\nHoussettes, 251.\nHousseure, 18.\nHouysche, 149.\nHoyer, 519.\nHuan, 18.\nHucher, 18.\nHuchier, 18.\nHucque, 18.\nHu\u00e9e, 228.\nHueur, 231.\nHuiboust, 18.\nHuier, 18.\nHuille, 249.\nHuische (je), 473.\nHumaige, 278.\nHumain, 427.\nHumblesse, 244.\nHumee, 278.\nHurtebiller, 18.\nHurtelle (je), 760.\nHusche, 179.\nHutine (je), 566.\nHutyn, 250.\nHutyner, 18.\nHuyct, 367.\nHuys, 196.\nHuysche (je), 486.\nHydeusement, 836.\nHyerre, 18.\nHyre, 18.\nHysse (je), 595.\nI\nI; sa prononciation, 6, 55.\nI et Y, figurative du th\u00e8me de la deuxi\u00e8me conjugaison du verbe actif,\n    XXXI.\n  --Prononciation de l'_i_, m\u00eame quand il n'est pas \u00e9crit dans le mot,\n  --Distinction de _i_ voyelle et de _i_ consonne, 10, 31.\n  --Diff\u00e9rence de prononciation entre _i_ et _y_, 16.\nIcy endroyt, 819.\nIcy entour, 819.\nIgnoramment, 798.\nIllec, 823.\nIl fait a noter, 412.\n_Ill_ et _ign_; leur prononciation devant _a_, _e_, _o_, XVII.\n_Illa_, _ille_, _illo_; leur prononciation, 8.\nIllec endroyt, 823.\nIllecques, 823.\nIl mest force de, 880.\nIl ne seu fault rien, 651.\nIl y a de loignon, 595.\nImparfect, 328.\nImpartys (je), 522.\nImpersonnel. Verbe impersonnel, XXX, 83, 129.\n  --Conjugaison du verbe _il aduient_, 131.\nImpetre (je), 538.\nImpiteable, 325.\nImpreparation, 234.\nImprimeurs, 258.\nImpropere (je), 603.\nImpugny, 828.\nImpurit\u00e9, 285.\nInamoure, 307.\nInamour\u00e9, 307.\nIncerteint\u00e9, 285.\nIncitatif, 321.\nIncitation, 276.\nIncite (je), 537.\nInclinement, 234.\nIncogneu, 328.\nIndentures, 234.\nIndeur, 286.\nIndifferant, 316.\nIndigne (je), 449,\nInfelicit\u00e9, 234.\nInfatue (je me), 553.\nInferme (je), 770.\nInfertil, 305.\nInfertile, 305.\nInfertyl, 300.\nInfeste (je), 765.\nInfinitif, 328.\nInflation, 200.\nInflue (je me), 784.\nInfortune (un), 173.\nPage 1109\nInfringe (je), 683.\nIngeniosit\u00e9, 261.\nInha\u00ffr, 12.\nInhibe (je), 591.\nInprennable, 316.\nInqui\u00e9tte (je), 519.\nInsaciable, 63.\nInsence (je), 591.\nInstaure (je), 109, 687.\nInstigue (je), 701.\nIntellectif, 306.\nIntellecture, 285.\nIntencionel, 316.\nInterdict, 211.\nInterdissement, 234.\nInterjections, 149.\nInterpos, 252, 876.\nInterrupte (je), 592.\nIntime (je), 640.\nIntitulation, 234.\nIntitule (je), 538.\nIntrinsique, 316.\nIntroduis (je), 467.\nIntroite, 217.\nInundation, 250.\nInuader, 139.\nInuahys (je), 592.\nInuasible, 362.\nInuestigue (je), 37, 762.\nInuetere (je), 694.\nInuisiblet\u00e9, 234.\nInuocque (je), 473.\nIre\u00e9ment, 838.\nIrrision, 237.\nIrrite (je), 464.\nIrrue (je me), 705.\nIsnel, 294.\nIssis (je), 503.\nItere (je), 594.\nJ\nJacincte, 233.\nJacq, Jacque, 283.\nJaet, 224.\nJaibant, 225.\nJambet, 283.\nJamboye (je me), 589.\nJangle (je), 589.\nJanglerie, 233.\nJangleur, 233.\nJapeaux, 790.\nJa pieca, 809.\nJaquecueur, 233.\nJargonne (je), 481.\nJarretier, 224.\nJa soyt ce, 148.\nJa soyt ce que, 872.\nJaspre, 233.\nJaunastre, 306.\nJaunice, 233.\nJaunis (je me), 775.\nJaueleyne, 238.\nJaye, 248.\nJe compere, 400.\nJect, 203.\nJecton, 209.\nJe mesmes, 376.\nJe me veulx prier, 642.\nJenneure, 235.\nJeuedy absolu, 266.\nJeueur, 54.\nJeusier, 225.\nJeussouer, 264.\nJoe de poisson, 225.\nJoieuset\u00e9, 219.\nJoinctys (je), 592.\nJolivet\u00e9, 235.\nJoncherie, 200.\nJorn\u00e9e, 235.\nJorroise, 232.\nJoue de pas a pas (je), 592.\nJou\u00e9e, 199.\nJoueur de souplesse, 283.\nJouge (je), 595.\nJougle (je), 595.\nJoumarin, 220.\nJour de ma vie, 510.\nJourn\u00e9e, 235.\nJournel, 309.\nJournoye (je), 593.\nJousier, 244.\nJouste, 318.\nJouste, jousteur, 235.\nJovien, 316.\nJoynct, joyncture, 235.\nJoyr, 12.\nJudication, 235.\nJueudy, 178.\nJuing, 235.\nJunonien, 306.\nJus et sus, 843.\nJusques a tant, jusques a ce, 144.\nJusques cy, 6.\nJuvenil, 330.\nK\nK, souvent employ\u00e9 dans le vieux _romant_, 32.\n  --Rarement employ\u00e9 dans la langue fran\u00e7oise, XXIII.\n  --Ne termine jamais un nom substantif singulier, XXVI;\n    ni un adjectif masculin singulier, XXVI.\n  --Sa prononciation, 31.\nKalende, 31.\nKalendrier, 31.\nL\nL; sa prononciation, 32.\nLa, le, devant un mot qui commence par une voyelle, 45.\nLaboriosit\u00e9, 237.\nLacquet, 222.\nLacteux, 318.\nLaderye, 274.\nLa Dieu mercy, 754.\nLadresse, 266.\nLa endroyt, 823.\nLa greignieure part, 860.\nLaidengeux, 322.\nLaidet\u00e9, 222.\nPage 1110\nLaideure, 222.\nLais, 238.\nLaite, 274.\nLa malle bosse, 867.\nLame, 276.\nLance (je), 739.\nLancequenet, 237.\nLangeur, 269.\nLangore (je), 603.\nLangoure (je), 495.\nLanguereuse, 169.\nLanifice, 290.\nLaperiau, 291.\nLappreau, 260.\nLa rayson car, 865.\nLarde (je), 706.\nLargesse, 237.\nLaronceau, 187.\nLarrecyn, 165.\nLarronnesse, 155.\nLarroyt, 401.\nLasche, 312.\nLasdre, 237.\nLasdriere, 237.\nLasniere, 237, 280.\nLasse, 149.\nLasseresse, 236.\nLatiesme, 172.\nLaton, 237.\nLatre (je), 443.\nLaureole, 213.\nLauement, 502.\nLayn, 324.\nLayrra, 401.\nLayt, 70.\nLeans, 823.\nLecherie, 238.\nLecitet\u00e9, 238.\nLe coeur luy abhomine, 692.\nLectus, 238.\nLedenge (je), 680.\nLegier, 317.\nLen ou _on_, XXIX, 77.\nLeonceau, 68.\nLeonesse, 239.\nLeoparde, 155.\nLe pas menu, 830.\nLes aulcuns, 360.\nLes jours noz peres, 612.\nLes plusieurs, 366.\nLesse (je), 605\nLetanye, 238.\nLetice, 239.\nLetiere, 232.\nLettres; il y en a vingt-trois en fran\u00e7ais, XXIII.\nLeueton, 291.\nLeuriere, 155.\nLeyrot, 214.\nLiart, 288.\nLiberalet\u00e9, 239.\nLibidinosit\u00e9, 284.\nLice, 271.\nLicitit\u00e9, 237.\nLict, 197.\nLie (je me), 683.\nLiesue (je me), 436.\nLieue marque (je), 709.\nLieuset\u00e9, 215.\nLieux, 311.\nLigne (je), 611.\nLimignon, 243, 272.\nLimitte (je), 434.\nLineature, 259.\nLinette, 238.\nLingiere, 266.\nLingn\u00e9e, 236.\nLiniere, 221.\nLisarde, lizarde, 239.\nLisse, 271.\nLit de champ, 283.\nLiticonteste (je), 683.\nLiuer\u00e9e, 240.\nLobes, 64.\nLoche (je), 700.\nLocquet, 237.\nLocution, 274.\nLoette, 220.\nLogitien, 240.\nLoingtain, 57.\nLoisiblet\u00e9, 223.\nLoisseblet\u00e9, 238.\nLonge temps, 413.\nLongtemps a, 810.\nLonguet, 249.\nLoppine (je), 640.\nLoricarde (je), 613.\nLoricart, 241.\nLormier, 242.\nLors quant, 813.\nLouche (une), 157.\nLouchet, 249.\nLoudier, 260.\nLoudiere, 215.\nLouenge, 257.\nLouier, 223.\nLoule (je), 452.\nLoupin, 267.\nLoupue, 155.\nLourdault, 216.\nLourdesse, 277.\nLourt, 306.\nLouue, 266.\nLoygnet, 303.\nLoyng, 109.\nLoyngtain, 312.\nLuberdine, 250.\nLuicter, 23.\nLuisance, 201.\nLuissance, 267.\nLuminure, 174.\nLunettier, 274.\nLuycte (je), 785.\nLuyte, 290.\nLyens, 143.\nLyette, 281.\nLymon, 271.\nLyonnesse, 155.\nPage 1111\nM\nM; sa prononciation, XIX, 22, 24, 32.\nMachecoulle (je), 616.\nMachouere, 204.\nMacier, 269.\nMacquereau, 155, 242.\nMacquerelle, 155, 289.\nMacule, 274.\nMagicque, 241.\nMagnificq, 73.\nMagnifie (je), 6, 616.\nMagnifijer, 6.\nMaige, 287.\nMaigret\u00e9, maigresse, 238.\nMaille (je), 632.\nMaillotte (je), 632, 744.\nMaine guerre (je), 772.\nMainent, 185.\nMaintenement, 241.\nMaintiengne, 8.\nMais (je ne puis mais), XLII.\nMaisgre, 263.\nMaisne, 291.\nMaisrien, 227.\nMaistre, XLVIII.\nMaistrise (je), 648.\nMal (adjectif), mal engin, 76.\nMal a droyt, 835.\nMaladuenant, 328.\nMaladuenture, 245.\nMaladuis\u00e9, 328.\nMalan, 287.\nMalandre, 242.\nMalapert, 315.\nMal a poynt, 835.\nMaldire, 109.\nMaldisant, 217.\nMalendre, 176.\nMalengin, 210.\nMaletot, 270.\nMaleurette, 285.\nMalfortune, 316.\nMaligne (je), 632.\nMaliuolence, 217.\nMalle, 311.\nMalle heure, 62.\nMallement, 145, 798.\nMalliet, 238.\nMalotreu, 879.\nMal sainct Jehan, 218.\nMalsiet (il), 637.\nMalsoigneux, 319.\nMaltalent, 217.\nMalur\u00e9, 328.\nMaluais, 309.\nMaluatie, 270.\nMaluays, 71.\nMamellette, 240.\nManchet, 315.\nMandeglaire, 176, 242.\nMandiance, 195, 197.\nMangeut (il me), 722.\nMangoyre, 243.\nManifeste (je), 632.\nManoyr, 393.\nManquet, 315.\nMantien, 257.\nMarchage, 282.\nMarchalc\u00e9e, 243.\nMarche (je), 473.\nMarche coulys, 257.\nMarchepi\u00e9, 222.\nMarchi\u00e9, 49.\nMarchis (je), 473.\nMarchys (je), 632.\nMarcque, 274.\nMardaille, 207.\nMargeline, 243.\nMarguy, 219.\nMarichal, 283.\nMaritain, 306.\nMarmixteux, 242.\nMarmoset, 243.\nMaronniere, 290.\nMarpault, 252.\nMarrastre, 246.\nMarre, 276.\nMarris, 164.\nMarrisson, 214,\nMarsage, 282.\nMartelas, 244.\nMartelle (je), 452.\nMartinet, 217.\nMartire (je), 633.\nMaruaillable, 329.\nMaruaillant, 290.\nMaruaille (je me), XXXV, 83.\nMaruailleux, 162.\nMascq, 232.\nMasculin. Raisons du genre masculin, XXIV, 66.\nMasiere, 243.\nMasrayne, 281.\nMasson, 243.\nMassonne (je), 507.\nMassonnerye, 243.\nMast, 53.\nMastic, 243.\nMastin, 211.\nMathematicque, 20.\nMatineux, 322.\nMatire, 275.\nMatrimoyne, 497.\nMatteras, 198.\nMattes, 211.\nMauette, 260.\nMauffe, 231.\nMaufle, 290.\nMauldict, 309.\nMauldis, 53.\nMauldission, 165.\nMauldisson, 211.\nMaulgraneux, 317.\nMaulgre, 274.\nMaulgr\u00e9 mes dens, 842.\nMaulplaisant, 310.\nMauluaiset\u00e9, 239.\nMauluis, 281.\nMausade, 328.\nMausoigneux, 322.\nMauuaysement, 841.\nMauue, 268.\nPage 1112\nMayn a mayn, 836.\nMayne (je), 466.\nMayne chere enragi\u00e9e (je), 750.\nMayniau, 273.\nMaynie, 233.\nMayntenant mayntenant, 882.\nMaynt homme, 860.\nMays, 854.\nMays que, 885.\nMecredy, 280.\nMedicinable, 318.\nMedicine (je), 583.\nMedicyne, 244.\nMeffaict, 245.\nMeffais (je), 524.\nMehaigne (je), 617.\nMehaygnet\u00e9, 237.\nMeisgre, 108.\nMelancholieux, 318.\nMelencolie, 244.\nMelle, 280.\nMell\u00e9, 244.\nMemore, 298.\nMenasse (je), 755.\nMenasses, 280.\nMenchonges, 64.\nMenchongier, 64.\nMencionne (je), 625.\nMendicant, 244.\nMene mal (je), 637.\nMeneu, 296.\nMengeue (je), 540.\nMengeus, mengeusse, 29.\nMengeut (il me), 333.\nMenje (je), 102.\nMenu menu, 841.\nMenuement, 833, 841.\nMenuserie, 234.\nMenuyse (je), 476.\nMenye, 248.\nMercerot, 253.\nMerche (je), 633.\nMercie (je), 754.\nMercredy de la cendre, 195.\nMerde fin, 253.\nMeregrant, 179.\nMeretrice, 229.\nMeritable, 318.\nMeritrice, 401.\nMerlus, 244.\nMerque (je), 633.\nMersouyn, 256.\nMerueillable, 318.\nMerys (je), 513.\nMesaduient (il), 637.\nMesagr\u00e9e (je), 636.\nMesaise (je), 637.\nMescant, 296.\nMeschance, 245.\nMesche, 272.\nMescheoys (je), 637.\nMeschief, 245.\nMeschiet (il), 580.\nMeschine, 215.\nMescompte (je), 500, 637.\nMescougnoys (je), 638.\nMesconseille (je), 637.\nMescontente (je), 518.\nMescorde (je), 519.\nMescoute (je me), 638.\nMescreance, 245.\nMescroys (je), 637.\nMesdire, 109.\nMesdis (je), 638.\nMeseau, 244.\nMesentens (je), 638.\nMesfaire, 109.\nMesgarde (je), 638.\nMesgouuerne (je), 637.\nMesmes, il mesmes, 79.\nMesnagerie, 233.\nMesnagier, 233.\nMesnaige, 277.\nMesoffre (je), 645.\nMespars (je), 512.\nMespartys (je), 523.\nMespens (je), 638.\nMesple, 244.\nMesplier, 244.\nMesprens (je me), 636.\nMesprison, 165, 245.\nMets a chiefe (je), 469.\nMets en effect (je), 541.\nMets en sauf (je), 605.\nMets en termes (je), 490.\nMets hors (je), 541.\nMets jus (je), 601.\nMets longuement (je), 427.\nMettier, 290.\nMetz, 39.\nMetz a raval (je), 470.\nMetz suz (je luy), 450.\nMeue, 245.\nMeuf, 246.\nMeulle, 245.\nMeulonne (je), 621.\nMeurdre, 271,\nMeure, 11.\nMeuret\u00e9, 244.\nMeurier, 11.\nMeuris (je), 691.\nMeurray (je), 401.\nMeurs (moeurs), 61.\n  --Des deux genres, 161.\nMeurtressouere, 255.\nMeuue (je), 635.\nMeylieur, 364.\nMeynte, 224.\nMichelle, 156.\nMieulx, 145.\nMieulz, 147.\nMignonnerie, 257.\nMignot, otte, 286.\nMignotise, 245.\nMignotte (je), 470.\nMignotterie, 212.\nMiliaire, 245.\nMilion, 245.\nMiniere, 226.\nMinistration, 245.\nMinques, 245.\nMinue (je), 624.\nMirabolan, 245.\nMirouer, 225.\nPage 1113\nMist\u00e9, 37.\nMistion, 37.\nMistionne (je), 634.\nMitaigue, 225.\nMitigue (je), 639.\nMitiguer, 349.\nMixt, 242.\nMocquerie, 268.\nMocqueur, 268.\nModes. Il y en a six: l'_indicatif_, l'_imp\u00e9ratif,_ l'_optatif_ ou\n  _potentiel,_ le _subjonctif,_ le _conditionnel,_ l'_infinitif,_ XXXI.\nMoeau, 291.\nMoette, 268.\nMoille (je), 639.\nMoill\u00e9, 329.\nMoilleure, 288.\nMoisture, 246.\nMol de loraylle, 239.\nMoleste, 227.\nMolet, 218.\nMolinet, 260.\nMommeur, 247.\nMon: cest mon, ce fait mon, 146;\n  --ascuauoir mon, 149.\nMonaye, 206.\nMonayeur, 206.\nMonition, 286.\nMonnier, 759.\nMonosyllabes; n'ont pas d'accent en fran\u00e7ais, 47.\nMonstier, 205.\nMonstrance, 267.\nMonstre (une), 157;\n  --unes monstres, 183.\nMonstrer, XLVIII.\nMontaignette, 282.\nMontance, 273.\nMontjoy, 227.\nMontjoye, 218.\nMordacit\u00e9, 262.\nMore, 247.\nMoreue, 265.\nMorier, 247.\nMorigin\u00e9, 329.\nMorseau, 246.\nMortasie (je), 640.\nMortgaige (je), 640.\nMortpou, 252.\nMorueuset\u00e9, 272.\nMotif, motifue, 318.\nMotion, 245.\nMoton, 283.\nMouceau, 283.\nMouche (je), 505.\nMouchet, 247.\nMouchette, 240.\nMouchouer, 229.\nMoufle, 230.\nMoulcture, 23.\nMoulle, 246.\nMouls (je), 575.\nMoultitude, 246.\nMountarde, 247.\nMourre, 247.\nMouue (je me), 635.\nMoyen. Verbes moyens, XXX, XXXIII, 83, 111;\n  --leur signification, leur circonlocution dans les temps pr\u00e9t\u00e9rits,\n    leur d\u00e9clinaison personnelle, XXXIV.\nMoylle, 8.\nMoy mesmes, 345.\nMoyne, 282.\nMuce, 272.\nMuce (je), 584.\nMuche, 221.\nMue couleur (je), 457.\nMues, 185.\nMuett\u00e9, 214.\nMulticolore, 242.\nMumme (je), 642.\nMurmuratif, 319.\nMurmuration, 228.\nMusangere, 281.\nMusardie, 221, 243.\nMuse (je), 642.\nMusnier, 245.\nMusquet, 289.\nMusquin, 247.\nMusse (je me), 616.\nMutilateur, 241.\nMutille (je), 617.\nMutine (je), 495.\nMye, pour _pas_ ou _point,_ vieux mot romant, XLI.\n  --N'est plus d'un bon fran\u00e7ais, 110.\nN\nN; sa prononciation, XIX, 22, 24, 33.\nNacion, 247.\nNacle, 243.\nNaguayres, 807.\nNaiscance, 198.\nNa pas gramment, 856.\nNaquair, 247.\nNasillation, 275.\nNasselle, 200.\nNassellette, 240.\nNatier, 243.\nNaufrage (je), 426.\nNaufraige, 63.\nNaure (je), 784.\nNauiere, 267.\nNauigaige, 264, 380.\nNavire, des deux genres, 161.\nNays (je); conjugaison du verbe _na\u00eetre,_ 127.\nNayntre, 216.\nNe apr\u00e8s _que_; _plus que je_ ne _dis_, XLIII, 147.\n  --Ne, devant une n\u00e9gation, _je_ ne _le verray jamais_, XLIII.\nNeant plus, 850.\nNe bien ne mal, 839.\nNeement, 5.\nPage 1114\nNe feroye je point que saige? 659.\nNeffle, 249.\nNefflier, 249.\nNe fust cela, 880.\nNe mieulx ne pis, 839.\nNenny non, 866.\nNessung, nessune, 82.\nNe tant ne quant, 510.\nNeu, neue, 319.\nNeu damours, 283.\nNeudz, 25.\nNeufiesme, 372.\nNeueux, 317.\nNicement, 839.\nNicquet, 233.\nNieble, 245.\nNiepce, 247.\nNiet, 270.\nNieux, 305.\nNigromancien, 248.\nNigromantie, 248.\nNimphette, 240.\nNiuiau, 257.\nNoiret, 325.\nNoisif, 268.\nNombres, on pourrait en compter trois en fran\u00e7ais, XXVI.\n  --Deux nombres, le singulier et le pluriel, 67.\n  --Dans les adjectifs, XXXIII.\n  --Dans les pronoms, XXIX.\nNoms. Substantifs, adjectifs, 66.\n  Six accidents du nom, 66.\n  --Nom substantif, XXIV.\n  --Noms substantifs qui s'\u00e9crivent de m\u00eame, mais sont de genre\n    diff\u00e9rent, 157.\n  --Form\u00e9s d'adjectifs, 189.\n  --De verbes, 189.\nNonce (je), 708.\nNonchaillance, 247.\nNon en da, 866.\nNon pourtant, 879.\nNotte, 248.\nNt, terminaison de la troisi\u00e8me personne du pluriel dans les verbes,\n  XXXIII.\nNourice, 248.\nNouueau, 212.\nNouueault\u00e9, 248.\nNouuellet\u00e9, 248.\nNoueau, 313.\nNouicerne, 248.\nNoyf, 163.\nNoynce, 236.\nNoyrastre, 306.\nNuisance, 246.\nNuissance, 227.\nNullefoys, 144.\nNulle riens, 850.\nNupees, 201.\nNyes, 319.\nO\nO; sa prononciation, 6, 55.\n  --Devant _m_ ou _n_, sa prononciation, XVII.\n  --Ne termine jamais un nom substantif singulier, XXVI.\n  --Ni un adjectif singulier masculin, XXVII.\nObedient, 319.\nObfusque (je), 516.\nObhumbration, 239.\nOblittere (je), 458.\nObliuieux, 313.\nObmets (je), 608.\nObnubule (je), 506.\nObscurcer, 37.\nObscure (je), 436.\nObscuris (je), 513.\nObscurt\u00e9, 63.\nObstant, 37.\nObtempere (je), 645.\nObumbration, 266.\nObumbre (je), 699.\nObuehys (je), 668.\nOcculte (je), 584.\nOccultation, 249.\nOccupie (je), 645.\nOche, 248.\nOche (je), 644.\nOdoratif, 306.\nOEufes, 663.\nOEuffre, 249.\nOeuue, 264.\nOffence, 249.\nOffencion, 63, 249.\nOffends (je), 645.\nOffention, 214.\nOffers (je), 645.\nOffretoire, 174.\nOi; sa prononciation, XVIII.\nOleur, 265.\nOliphant, 249.\nOncques jamays, 808.\nOnques (_ever_), 143.\nOns; terminaison ordinaire de la premi\u00e8re personne pluriel dans les\n  verbes, XXXIII.\nOpacet\u00e9, 212.\nOportun, 305.\nOppose (je), 677.\nOppresse, 249.\nOppresse (je), 481, 647.\nOpprime (je), 647.\nOpprobrieuse, 348.\nOptatif (mode), 84, 85.\nOptatif, 329.\nOraille, 460.\nOrdoye (je), 549.\nOrdre, septi\u00e8me accident des adjectifs, 73.\n  --Sixi\u00e8me accident des pronoms, 78.\nOreilliere, 216.\nOrendroyt, 803.\nOrengier, 249.\nOres, 62.\nOrfeuerie, 226.\nOrgre, 250.\nOrgres, 538.\nOrgueilleuset\u00e9, 259.\nOriere, 290.\nPage 1115\nOrtiegriache, 179.\nOrt, orde, 313.\nOrtraict, 215.\nOruier, 272.\nOssu, 306.\nOstade, 269.\nOstadine, 265.\nOste (je), 449.\nOstenter, 37.\nOstruce, 37.\nOstruche, 250.\nOstyl, 281.\nOu, diphthongue; sa prononciation, 15.\nOubliance, 222.\nOu chief, 820.\nOudeur, 249.\nOu endroyt, 886.\nOuert, 320.\nOultraige, 63.\nOultre, XLVIII.\nOultrebort, 848.\nOultrecheuauche (je), 650.\nOultrecrier, 650.\nOultrecuidance, 63.\nOultrecuider, 139.\nOultrecuyde, 319.\nOultrepasse (je), 541.\nOultre plus, 877.\nOultrerysme (je), 650.\nOultre sans, 874.\nOultretyre (je), 650.\nOu mesmes temps, 809.\nOu monde, 820.\nOurelet, 287.\nOureleure, 230, 287.\nOurllet, 230.\nOurse, 155.\nOurtie, 199.\nOurtie (je), 644.\nOustil, 250.\nOu surplus, 878.\nOuueraige, 290.\nOuueriere, 290.\nOuuers(je), 647.\nOuuragerie, 288.\nOuy en da, 866.\nOuyez, 545.\nOu\u00ffo\u00ffe, 11.\nOy, diphthongue; sa prononciation, 13.\nOyncture, 249.\nOyngs (je), 432.\nOysiau, 230.\nOystre, 249.\nOys\u00ffau, 11.\nP\nP; sa prononciation, 33.\n  --Ne termine jamais un nom adjectif singulier masculin, XXVII, XXVIII.\nPacience, 250.\nPacient, 250.\nPacque (je), 650.\nPacquet, 250.\nPagee, 270.\nPaillardif, 305.\nPaillardyr, 570.\nPaillardys (je), 659.\nPailliardiau, 232.\nPailliette, 273.\nPaillietterie, 273.\nPaillieur, 230.\nPaire a paire, 833.\nPairrayn, 153.\nPais, 208.\nPaisant, 233.\nPalet, 263.\nPalfrenier, 291.\nPalfronier, 232.\nPalis, 251.\nPalisseur, 251.\nPalleteau, 251.\nPallette, 236.\nPalomme, 267.\nPalu, 163.\nPalustre, 202.\nPance, 251.\nPance (je), 652.\nPanche, 468.\nPanesse, 253.\nPanne, 251.\nPannesse, 155.\nPannettiere, 236.\nPanniau, 266.\nPantier, 186.\nPaonnet, 252.\nPaour, 145.\nPaoureux, 311.\nPapegault, 256.\nPapelarde (je), 655.\nPapephis, 241.\nParacheuer, 423.\nParaduenture, 146, 840.\nParagon, 242.\nParascheuer, 352.\nParastre, 218.\nParauant, 802.\nParayde (je), 583.\nPar ce poynt, 834.\nParcit\u00e9, 220.\nParconniner, 252.\nParcroys (je), 504.\nPar cy amont, 825.\nPar cy aual, 825.\nPar cy deuant, 808.\nPardicques, 630.\nPardonatif, 313.\nPardonnance, 251.\nPardonnier, 251.\nPardoynt, 646.\nPardris, 164.\nPardu, 360.\nPardurablement, 854.\nParecien, 252.\nParement, 206.\nParemptoire, 244.\nPar ens, 824.\nPage 1116\nPar escot, 832.\nPar especial, 818.\nPar eur, 839.\nParfait. Verbe parfait, XXX.\nParfect, 320.\nParfinis (je), 492.\nParforce (je), 534, 652.\nParforme (je), 652.\nParfournis (je), 492.\nParfournys (je), 558, 652.\nPariforme, 317.\nParis. Prononciation de l'_r_ \u00e0 Paris, 34.\n  --Sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 du dialecte de Paris sur tous les autres, 34-35.\nParjurement, 380.\nPar la chair bieu, 866.\nPar la mort bieu, 866.\nPar le corps bieu, 866.\nPar le menu, 840.\nParmanie (je), 538.\nPar mesl\u00e9e, 839.\nPar my, 817.\nParochialle, 252.\nParolle (je), 727.\nParoquet, 256.\nPar poulc\u00e9es, 833.\nParquet, 257.\nPar rayson, 839.\nPars (je me), 512.\nParsil, 252.\nParsin, 252.\nParsomner, 200.\nParsonnage, 255.\nParsonnier, 252.\nParticipes. Il y en a de deux sortes, le _participe pr\u00e9sent_ actif, et\n  le _participe pr\u00e9t\u00e9rit_ passif; tous deux avec genres et nombres,\n  XXXVII, 134.\nPartie, _elle s'en fut partie_, 41.\nParties du discours. Trois fois trois, XXIV.\n  --Variables et invariables, 65.\nPartitifs. Noms partitifs, XXIX, 359.\nPartue (je), 598.\nParturbe (je), 653.\nPar ung tel si, 843.\nParuerse (je), 539.\nParuersement, 840.\nPar vostre congi\u00e9, 834.\nPascient, 320.\nPasmoison, 273.\nPasques, 156.\nPasseron, 273.\nPassif. Verbe passif, XXX, XXXIII, 124.\n  --Conjugaison d'un verbe passif, 126.\nPaste, 49.\nPast\u00e9, 49.\nPasteux, 307.\nPastisaige, 252.\nPastisier, 252.\nPasture (je), 654.\nPasturiau, 252.\nPasturon, 252.\nPas ung nycquet, 851.\nPatenostre, 163.\nPaternostres, 251.\nPatessouer, 254.\nPaticier, 254.\nPatinier, 252.\nPatiue, 252.\nPatois, 261.\nPatoys, 257.\nPattyn, 271.\nPatyse (je), 655.\nPaulme, 280.\nPaulpiere, 239.\nPaupier, 219.\nPause (je), 655.\nPautonnier, 226.\nPauais, 252.\nPaueillon, 252.\nPauiment, 251.\nPauorette, 187.\nPaygns (je),651.\nPayncte, 169.\nPa\u00ffndre, 23.\nPayngdrent (ils), 397.\nPayre (je), 484.\nPayrie (je), 633.\nPeaultrier, 253.\nPeautraylle, 188.\nPechi\u00e9, 270.\nPecunial, 320.\nPedisseque, 204.\nP\u00e8licon, 224.\nPelle (je), 457.\nPell\u00e9, 254.\nPellerin, 254.\nPellice, 251.\nPellier, 271.\nPellu, 302.\nPellure, 252.\nPelote, 280.\nPeltier, 288.\nPenance, 253.\nPence (je), 112.\nPencif, 318.\nPencifuet\u00e9, 253.\nPencion, 253.\nPencionaire, 242.\nPen\u00e9, 401.\nPeneuse, 280.\nPeniblet\u00e9, 253.\nPenitance, 591.\nPenitancier, 253.\nPennet, 221.\nPensement, 212.\nPensifuesse, 280.\nPentecoste, 156.\nPeramour, 251.\nPerboulx (je), 652.\nPerceuerance, 253.\nPerclos (je), 448.\nPerdurable, 308.\nPer\u00e9, 49.\nPeregrant, 227.\nPerfect, 320.\nPerfyn, 164.\nPerge (je), 779.\nPerjure, 174.\nPermanablet\u00e9, 278.\nPermy, 137.\nPage 1117\nPerpetulle (je), 758.\nPerplexe, 214.\nPerplexite (je), 467.\nPerreucque, 209.\nPers, 306.\nPers (je), 606.\nPersin, 253.\nPersonnel. Verbe personnel, XXX, 83.\nPersonnes. Les noms substantifs sont tous de la troisi\u00e8me personne,\n  XXVII, 68.\n  --Dans les pronoms, XXIX.\nPersoreille, 217.\nPersouer, 252.\nPerspectif, 320.\nPerspicasit\u00e9, 270.\nPerturbe (je), 458.\nPeruertys (je), 656.\nPesche a verge (je), 431.\nPeschement, 220.\nPescheur, 220.\nPesible, 320.\nPesiblet\u00e9, 252.\nPesle et mesle, 836.\nPestail, 253.\nPestille (je), 650.\nPetie (je me), 733.\nPetille (je), 761.\nPetille (je me), 764.\nPetitoye, 224.\nPetrie (je), 602.\nPeult (il), XLVIII.\nPeyne (je me), 401.\nPh. Comment _ph_ se prononce en fran\u00e7ais, 19.\nPhantasie, 20.\nPhantasticq, 320.\nPhantosme, 172.\nPhisonomie, 62, 254.\nPhrenaisie, 222.\nPhrenesie, 222.\nPicque, 246.\nPicque de lesieul (je), 657.\nPicqueteure, 256.\nPicquotin, 244.\nPicquotterie, 258.\nPicquotteure, 256.\nPiece (je), 655.\nPiedges (ungz), 482.\nPiegne (je), 488.\nPiegneresse, 481.\nPiengne, 207.\nPiengnier, 207.\nPignolle, 254.\nPigon, 254.\nPille, 254.\nPille des joncz (je), 657.\nPilleur, 254.\nPilleure, 254.\nPilleuse, 254.\nPilleuses, 471.\nPilot, 254.\nPinse (je), 657.\nPinsure, 198.\nPipe (je), 658.\nPipeur, 197.\nPiteable, 318.\nPiteuset\u00e9, 254.\nPlacque (je), 507.\nPlacqueur, 212.\nPlaigne, 255.\nPlain, 307.\nPlainct, 207.\nPlaine lune, 223.\nPlaingt, 246.\nPlaint\u00e9, 255.\nPlait, 247.\nPlanche (je), 460.\nPlanch\u00e9, 49.\nPlanere, 223.\nPlaneur, 255.\nPlanier, 255.\nPlaniere, 223.\nPlanis (je), 659.\nPlanisse (je), 659.\nPlanteureux, 314.\nPlanteyne, 255.\nPlanye (je), 659.\nPlastras, 263.\nPlastre, 255.\nPlastreur, plastrier, 255.\nPlate, 245.\nPlatin, 203.\nPlatine, 252.\nPlatteur, 255.\nPlatteure, 220.\nPlayngs (je), 453.\nPlayt, 255.\nPlede (je), 580.\nPlentureuset\u00e9, 255.\nPlessie (je), 448.\nPleuuis (je), 623.\nPlies, 473.\nPlignon, 279.\nPlinge (je), 523.\nPlinget, 279.\nPloianteur, 255.\nPlomb\u00e9e, 226.\nPlomme, 253.\nPlomme (je), 431.\nPlomm\u00e9e, 256.\nPlommeur, 256.\nPlotte, 196.\nPlotton, 200.\nPlourons (nous), 104.\nPlouuier, 256.\nPloy, 63.\nPluest, 385.\nPlumacier, 250.\nPlumart, 202.\nPlumette, 240.\nPlumeu, 312.\nPlumeuset\u00e9, 221.\nPlummart, 256.\nPlummee, 317.\nPlummeux, 317.\nPluriel. Dans les noms substantifs, 67, 180.\n  --Dans les noms adjectifs, 70, 296.\n  --Noms substantifs qui n'ont que le pluriel, 182.\nPlurier, pluriere, 321.\nPage 1118\nPlus chier que, 883.\nPlutonique, 306.\nPoetical, 321.\nPoictral, 251.\nPoictrel, 253.\nPoille, XL, 206.\nPoillon, 14, 271.\nPoiltron, 263.\nPoincte (je), 662.\nPoincture, 57.\nPoings (je), 666.\nPoissonnette, 240.\nPois, 226.\nPollayn, 207.\nPomendier, 256.\nPomeu, 321.\nPommeau, 202.\nPomme dorenge, 249.\nPomys, 257.\nPondere (je), 540.\nPondereux, 329.\nPonneu, 473.\nPons (je), 601.\nPopulosit\u00e9, 255.\nPorc espin, 256.\nPorchier, 278.\nPorchierie, 278.\nPorcion, 256.\nPoree, 290.\nPorette, 256.\nPorrant, 202.\nPorret, 249.\nPorte a terre (je), 449.\nPorte ens (je), 476.\nPorte malice (je), 449.\nPortenseigne, 275.\nPortescuelle, 214.\nPorte soyng (je), 475.\nPorteuolant, 257.\nPortraicture, 215.\nPose, 146.\nPossette, 257.\nPost\u00e9, 257.\nPosterne, 161, 218.\nPostille, 37.\nPostpose (je), 608.\nPottin, 273.\nPouer, 347.\nPouffe (je), 669.\nPouille (je), 615.\nPoul, 180.\nPoulaine, 267.\nPoulce (un, une), 158.\nPoulcier, 220, 239.\nPoulciere, 259.\nPouldre, 216.\nPoullaille, 257.\nPoullain, 209.\nPoullane, 259.\nPoullaylle, 470.\nPouluereux, 311.\nPour autant que, 865.\nPourbondis (je), 561, 596.\nPourbondys (je), 664.\nPour ce que, 865.\nPourchas, 259.\nPourchasse (je), 421, 670.\nPourcif, 321.\nPour commencement, 885.\nPoure, 11.\nPouret\u00e9, 50.\nPourgation, 259.\nPourgez, 166.\nPour huy mays, 855.\nPourjecte (je), 476.\nPour lamour que, 865.\nPourmayne (je), 604.\nPour nulle riens, 865.\nPourparle (je), 508, 680.\nPourpens, 259.\nPourpense (je), 453.\nPourpos, 259.\nPourprise, 205, 231.\nPour quoy, 866.\nPoursaulx (je), 606.\nPourselayne, 259.\nPourtant que, 864.\nPourtente, 259.\nPour tout fin vray, 866.\nPourtraicte, 169.\nPourtrais (je), 526.\nPour ung beau neant, 865.\nPourueance, 257.\nPouruiance, 276.\nPouruoyance, 259.\nPoussein, 204.\nPouste, 196.\nPoutee, 236.\nPouuoir. Conjugaison du verbe _pouvoir_, 105.\nPouuoire, 257.\nPoux, 259.\nPouylle (je me), 525.\nPoyement, 147.\nPoylle (un), 158.\nPoylle (une), 158.\nPoyllu, 301.\nPoynt\u00e9, 256.\nPoyrette, 197.\nPoyse (je), 770.\nPoix (un), 158.\nPoix (une), 158.\nPractique, 218.\nPractique (je), 530.\nPraerie, 206.\nPraierie, 244.\nPraye, 257.\nPrecelle (je), 664.\nPreche, 266.\nPrecogite (je), 755.\nPr\u00e9e, 159.\nPreferre (je), 664.\nPrefigure (je), 664.\nPreheminence, 213, 241.\nPreignent, 97.\nPremier, 794.\nPremier que, 802.\nPren, 97.\nPrennes, 146.\nPrennez (vous), 94.\nPrennons (nous), 94.\nPrens a mary (je), 778.\nPrens castille (je), 544.\nPrens cueur en pance (je), 748.\nPrens de la (je me), 656.\nPrens la vue (je), 441.\nPage 1119\nPrens mon esme (je), 442.\nPrens noyse (je), 421.\nPrens regard (je), 649.\nPrenunciateresse, 189.\nPreordonne (je), 664.\nPreparatiue, 258.\nPr\u00e9positions, 137.\n  --Leurs accidents, 138-141.\nPresbitoire, 174.\nPresbitoyre, 252.\nPresseur, 258.\nPressouer, 258.\nPreste (je), 606.\nPrestet\u00e9, 261.\nPrestres, 221.\nPrestresse, 258.\nPresume (je me), 665.\nPresumptueux, 325.\nPretende (je), 665.\nPreud, XLVIII.\nPreude femme, 226.\nPreudhomme, 226.\nPreudhommie, 232.\nPreuf, 258.\nPreux, preuse, 330.\nPreueance, 222.\nPreuilege, 258.\nPreuilege (je), 666.\nPrieur\u00e9 (une), 176.\nPrieuresse, 258.\nPrimerolle, 258.\nPrimier, 349.\nPrimiere, 160.\nPrimierement, 17.\nPrin, 274.\nPringalle, 217.\nPrins. De prendre, XXXI, 87, 94.\nPrior\u00e9, 258.\nPris, 224.\nPrisonne (je), 663.\nPriuat, 321.\nPriuault\u00e9, 218.\nPriuaultez, 793.\nPriue (je), 464.\nPriueur, 279.\nPriuost\u00e9, 235.\nProaieul, 227.\nProcede (je), 571.\nProcure (je), 667.\nProdicieux, 327.\nProdiguement, 361.\nProesme, 172.\nProesse, 259.\nProfundit\u00e9, 213.\nProgrede (je), 654.\nProlation, 286.\nProlongue (je), 667.\nPromaine (il se), 344.\nPromayne (je), 770.\nPromaytz (je), 592.\nPromes (je), 660.\nPrommais (je), 565.\nPromouue (je), 667.\nPronoms. Trois sortes principales: primitifs, d\u00e9rivatifs, d\u00e9monstratifs,\n    XXIX.\n  --Trois autres: relatifs, interrogatifs, num\u00e9raux, XXIX.\n  --Ont six accidents: le genre, le nombre, la personne, les cas, la\n    d\u00e9clinaison et la composition, XXIX.\n  --Leur division, 74.\n  --Huit primitifs, 74, 331-346.\n  --Douze d\u00e9rivatifs, 74, 346-350.\n  --Trois interrogatifs, 74, 350.\n  --Deux relatifs, 75.\n  --Un d\u00e9monstratif simple et six compos\u00e9s, 75.\n  --Partitifs et distributifs, 75.\n  --Accidents des pronoms, 76, 83.\nPronunciation, 286.\nProphecie, 259.\nProphesie, 20.\nPropine (je), 529.\nProporcion, 259.\nPropose (je), 434.\nPropriaitaire, 250.\nProre, 222.\nProse. Mani\u00e8re de lire la prose fran\u00e7aise \u00e0 haute voix, 56, 62.\nProspere (je), 555, 668.\nProteruit\u00e9, 223.\nProthonotaire, 259.\nProuffit, 195.\nProuende, 259.\nProuulgue (je), 668.\nPs. Comment _ps_ se prononce en fran\u00e7ais, 21.\nPsalme, 21.\nPsaltere, 21.\nPsaltier, 265.\nPsealme, 172.\nPublique, 308.\nPublique (bien), 207.\nPuche, 221.\nPugnition, 256.\nPugniz, 229.\nPuisne, 291.\nPulpitre, 259.\nPunaisie, 276.\nPunaysie, 432.\nPunctuer, 661.\nPurge (je), 670.\nPurifie (je), 484.\nPutairie, 312.\nPutayner, 570.\nPutaynier, 232.\nPuteau, 203.\nPutelle, 287.\nPutte, 160.\nPuiz, 547.\nQ\nQ; comment il se prononce, 34.\nQuacquet, 196.\nQuacquette (je), 486.\nQuadrant, 213.\nQuaille, 259.\nQuaillebotte (je), 676.\nQuanque, 364.\nQuant de foys, 142.\nQuant Dieu plaira, 660.\nQuantesfoys, 800.\nQuantesfoys que, 858.\nPage 1120\nQuantes gens, 352.\nQuant et quant, 142.\nQuant onc, 814.\nQuaresme, 9, 238.\nQuaresme pregnant, 267.\nQuarreau, 223.\nQuarriere, 259.\nQuarron, 288.\nQuarte, 257.\nQuasi, 873.\nQue (qui), 64.\nQue grandes que petites, 646.\nQuelconques au singulier, quelz conques au pluriel, 82, 298.\nQuelcun, 82.\nQuelleconques, quellesconques, 82.\nQuelqun, XXIX.\nQuenoille, 263.\nQuere, 346.\nQuerelle ung action (je), 621.\nQueste (je), 446.\nQuestueux, 37, 313.\nQueuue,218.\nQueuue, queuuette, 236.\nQueux (une), 166.\nQueuerchief, 209.\nQue uoulentiers que enuys, 840.\nQuict, 313.\nQuiers (je), 708.\nQuiet\u00e9, 276.\nQuil (qui il), 882.\nQuit, 322.\nQuitance, 260.\nQuite (je), 435.\nQuitte (je me), 567.\nQuocquetier, 233.\nQuocqueu, 207.\nQuocquille, 8, 265.\nQuoquetiere, 290.\nQuoqz, 25.\nQuoye, 383.\nQuoyement, 842.\nQuoyn, 260.\nQuoynier, 260.\nR\nR; sa prononciation, XIX, 22, 24, 34.\nRaal, 262.\nRabatu, 306.\nRabbler, 26.\nRabetture, 260.\nRabilleur, 215.\nRacaille (je), 654.\nRachatte (je), 682.\nRaconvoye (je), 498.\nRacquassure, 260.\nRacquet, 260.\nRacroupis (je me), 705.\nRadote (je me), 525.\nRadresse (je), 528.\nRaffarde (je), 639, 678.\nRaffolle (je), 773.\nRagrauante (je), 650.\nRaiges, 290.\nRaillieux, 306.\nRaince (je), 691.\nRaine, 21.\nRaise (que je), 397.\nRalias, 262.\nRallion, 201.\nRalongie (je), 527.\nRalongis (je), 527.\nRamenteuoyr, 393.\nRamentus (je), 396.\nRamme, 262.\nRamme (je), 678.\nRamollie (je), 439.\nRamon, 197.\nRamponne (je), 678.\nRamposne, 260.\nRancune (je), 679.\nRandon, 285.\nRanu, 2.\nRanuere, 289.\nRapeissure, 252.\nRapineux, 314.\nRapteur, 261.\nRasibus, 669.\nRasibus la terre, 836.\nRasierse, 286.\nRasisse (que je), 397.\nRasouer, 261.\nRassis (je me), 698.\nRassiset\u00e9, 264.\nRataings (je), 649.\nRate, 266.\nRateaux, 257.\nRatecelle (je), 488.\nRatelle (je), 442.\nRatillier, 260.\nRatisse (je), 678.\nRatisseur, 215.\nRatissouer, 207.\nRattayns (je), 681.\nRatte, 239.\nRattelet, 290.\nRaume, 221.\nRaualle (je), 449.\nRaualue (je), 540.\nRauance (je), 555.\nRauaulde (je), 461, 655.\nRauele (je), 546.\nRauerdis (je), 474.\nRauerdis (je me), 775.\nRauissable, 322.\nRauissaige, 261.\nRauyn, 280.\nRayant, 323.\nRaye (je), 477.\nRayere, 277.\nRayne, 261.\nRayns, 183.\nRays (je), 662.\nRebauldis (je me), 683.\nRebecq, 211.\nRebecquet, 220.\nRebellerie, 261.\nRebomdys (je), 680.\nRebout, 259.\nReboute (je), 671.\nReboutement, 259.\nPage 1121\nRebras, 247.\nRebrouce (je), 552.\nRebrouc\u00e9, 327.\nRecel\u00e9e, 231.\nRecept, 261.\nRecepte, 261.\nRecepueur, 261.\nRecercelle (je), 504, 760.\nRechief (de), 145.\nRechigne, 225.\nRechigne (je), 568.\nRechigne (je me), 773.\nRechign\u00e9e, 241.\nRechine (je), 643.\nReciteur, 261.\nReclame (je), 473.\nReclayme (je), 681.\nReclice, 239.\nRecognoissance, 236.\nRecomfort, 272.\nRecommendation, 219.\nReconcile (je), 619.\nRecongnoys (je), 474.\nRecontinue (je), 496.\nReconuoyer, 605.\nRecordation, 262.\nRecort, 261.\nRecouppe (je), 505.\nRecouuerance, 261.\nRecouuers (je), 562.\nRecoyse (je), 589.\nRecrastiner, 37.\nRecreance, 262.\nRecreant, 758.\nRecroys (je), 556.\nRecueil, 389.\nRecueilt, 394.\nRedargue (je), 415, 680.\nRedige (je), 682.\nRedime (je), 682.\nRedis (je), 560.\nRedolent, 322.\nRedonde (je me), 778.\nRedouble (je), 682.\nRedoubl\u00e9ement, 835.\nRedoubtable, 311.\nRefaytie (je), 682.\nRefectionne (je), 682.\nRefectoyr, 222.\nRefelle (je), 682.\nReflagre (je), 722.\nReflamboye (je), 551.\nReflecte (je), 682.\nReflection, 261.\nReflotte (je), 531.\nRefouleure, 204.\nRefoulle (je), 560.\nRefraigne (je), 559.\nRefraygnaige, 261.\nRefraynt, 261.\nRefraytoir, 222.\nRefrenir, 682.\nRefreschys (je), 682.\nRefroidure, 209.\nRefroigneure, 241.\nRefulge (je), 703.\nRegalit\u00e9, 273.\nRegarde par dessus (je), 648.\nRegibement, 289.\nReginal, 321.\nRegistre (je), 683.\nRegnardie, 210.\nRegnart, 210.\nRegnateresse, 290.\nRegnateur, 261.\nRegnette, 240.\nRegnie (je), 686.\nRegracie (je), 567.\nRegrete (je me), 626.\nRegreteur, 215.\nReguerdonne (je), 690.\nReigle, 264.\nRejecte (je), 683.\nRelaisse (je), 628, 684.\nRelaueur, 287.\nRelieuement, 263.\nRelinquis (je), 556.\nRelucence, 267.\nRemanant, 262.\nRemanoyr, 393.\nRemayne (je), 684.\nRemembre (je), 474.\nRemembraunce, 262.\nRemercys, 280.\nRemire (je), 447.\nRemire (je me), 447.\nRemord, remorde, 314.\nRemorde (je), 442.\nRemors (je), 685.\nRemort, 228.\nRemotion, 262.\nRemouuement, 290.\nRemouuer, 551.\nRenchiere, 165.\nRenchiere (je me), 774.\nReneuer, 685.\nRenfroigne, 241.\nReng, 260.\nRengoiserie, 204.\nRengorge (je), 550.\nRenoiant, 312.\nRenomme (je), 730.\nRenoye (je), 556.\nRentreture, 200.\nRenuerce (je), 650.\nRepaire (je), 582.\nRepais (je), 443.\nRepast, 244.\nRepaye (je), 686.\nRepayse (je), 589.\nRepel, 262.\nRepent (il me), 557.\nRepentence, 262.\nRepentin, 324.\nRepeue, 196.\nReposte (je), 711.\nRepostaille, 280.\nReprouchable, 322.\nReprouche, 62, 261.\nReprouche (je), 415.\nReprou\u00e9, 322.\nRepugne (je), 687.\nRepulce, 259.\nRepulse (je), 671.\nRepuls\u00e9, 321.\nRequereur, 213.\nRequeste, 54.\nRequireur, 262.\nRequoy, 268.\nPage 1122\nRequoy (\u00e0), 429.\nRes a res, 835.\nRes a res le bort, 834.\nReschigne (je), 614.\nResconce (je), 584.\nRescons (je), 584.\nRescoue (je), 688.\nRescous (je), 687.\nRescousse, 262.\nRescoux, 322.\nRes\u00e9e, 259.\nReseiche (je me), 774.\nResemblable, 317.\nResemble (je), 427.\nResent, 319.\nResistence, 224, 628.\nResjoyr, 12.\nResne, 260.\nResolue (je), 688.\nResonnablet\u00e9, 262.\nRespandeur, 266.\nRespit, 23.\nRespite (je), 673.\nResplens (je), 703.\nResponce, 194.\nRespondant, 278.\nResponde, 337.\nResponsif, 305.\nRessigner, 285.\nRessoigne (je), 475.\nRessonne (je), 688.\nRessors (je), 688.\nRestarderie, 268.\nReste, 262.\nRestif, 311.\nResume (je), 689.\nResuscitation, 212.\nResue (je), 678.\nResueil, 287.\nResuerie, 291.\nRetardis (je me), 777.\nRetenance, 231.\nReteurs, 283.\nRetors (je), 764.\nRetortille (je), 760, 782.\nRetraict, 258.\nRetrais (je), 453.\nRetributeur, 262.\nReuenche (je me), 440, 689.\nReuenue (je), 528.\nReuenues, 210.\nReueration, 232.\nReuerdoyer, 774.\nReuerende (je), 690.\nReuerendis (je), 690.\nReuerse (je), 690.\nReuestoir, 284.\nReuigore (je), 417, 507.\nReuilement, 260.\nReuire (je), 759.\nReuiue (je), 507.\nReuocque (je), 474.\nReuolue (je), 477.\nRhiotte, 263.\nRiagal, 261.\nRibaudaille, 8.\nRibauldaille, 68.\nRibauldeau, 271.\nRibault, 68.\nRicaldes, 209.\nRid\u00e9es, 692.\nRiens fors tant, 851.\nRiens qui soyt, 851.\nRifflantes, 788.\nRiffle (je), 500.\nRiffleur, 227.\nRigeur, 277.\nRigheur, 263.\nRigle (je), 695.\nRiglet, 256.\nRigolle (je me), 817.\nRigoreux, 312.\nRigoulaige, 277.\nRigouraige, 277.\nRioteux, 322.\nRiotte (je), 720.\nRisme, 263.\nRisme (je), 691.\nRiue en aigneaux (je), 632.\nRiuierette, 240.\nRobbe, XL.\nRoberie, 263.\nRochiers, 63.\nRocquet, 274.\nRocquette, 263.\nRodelle, 264.\nRoelle, 264.\nRoialme, 236.\nRoid, 323.\nRoigne, 265.\nRoigneure, 266.\nRoigneuset\u00e9, 265.\nRoigneux, 323.\nRoisine, 264.\nRolle (je), 693.\nRomant, 213.\nRomfle (je), 694.\nRomfleure, 264.\nRommarin, 264.\nRommenye, 264.\nRompera (il), XLI.\nRondelle, 264.\nRondesse, 264.\nRondis (je), 777.\nRongeur dor, 206.\nRongeure, 198.\nRongne, 463.\nRongnieure, 267.\nRongyr, 788.\nRonnelle, 225.\nRosaicque, 322.\nRosette, 193.\nRosne, 156.\nRosticeur, 208.\nRoucyn, 232.\nRouille (je), 662.\nRoulliz, 282.\nRouseau, 261.\nRousee, 213.\nRousette, 233.\nRoussine (je), 745.\nRoutte, 264.\nRoutte (je), 447.\nRouttement, 199.\nRouuayson, 211.\nPage 1123\nRoyaulme, 172.\nRoyere, 222.\nRoyne, XXV.\n  --Prononcez reyne, 14.\nRoyngneux, 465.\nRoysin, 154.\nRuant, 275.\nRubant, 264.\nRubifie (je), 695.\nRubriche, 263.\nRudeur, 264.\nRue en bas (je), 649.\nRue jus (je), 477.\nRuellette, 240.\nRuisselet, 240.\nRuse (je me), 500.\nRusterie, 403.\nRustrie (je), 403.\nRutile (je), 703.\nRymoye (je), 691.\nS\nS; sa prononciation, 24, 36.\n  --Comme terminaison du pluriel, XXVI, XXVIII.\n  --Comme figurative des verbes de la troisi\u00e8me conjugaison, XXXI.\n  --Comme terminaison de la seconde personne singulier dans les verbes,\n    XXXIII.\nSables, 264.\nSace (je), 706.\nSache (je), 700.\nSaciet\u00e9, 223.\nSacquement, 264.\nSacz, 25.\nSadement, 843.\nSaffronneux, 323.\nSafre, 176.\nSagittation, 267.\nSaichant, 135.\nSaiche, 268.\nSaige, 76.\nSaige cocque, 357.\nSaigefol, 214.\nSaigement, 145.\nSainctet\u00e9, 232.\nSaincture a ecourser, 283.\nSaisis (je), 673.\nSaisonnez, 772.\nSajette, 195.\nSalle (je), 663.\nSallere (je), 690.\nSallette, 252.\nSally, 305.\nSalouer, 257.\nSaluable, 323.\nSaluation, 265.\nSalva (il se), 161.\nSaluegarde, 259.\nSammedy, 265.\nSanct\u00e9, 232.\nSanglout, 272, 291.\nSangloutement, 272.\nSanguineur, 265.\nSang mesl\u00e9, 829.\nSans plus, 872.\nSansue, 232.\nSans sy, 594.\nSaoulle (je), 535.\nSarazinesme, 231.\nSarbatane, 283.\nSasse, 307.\nSass\u00e9, 307.\nSathelite, 265.\nSatisfie (je), 698.\nSaucier, 784.\nSaulce, 265.\nSaulcier, 265.\nSaulge, 264.\nSaulmeure, 201, 265.\nSaulmon, 222.\nSaulture, 291.\nSaultz, 25.\nSaulue (je), 698.\nSaulueconduyt, 179.\nSaulueur, 265.\nSautelle (je), 587, 719.\nSautreau, 227.\nSauuaiget\u00e9, 289.\nSauuance, 265.\nSauagine, 255.\nSauet\u00e9, 265.\nSauine, 265.\nSayette, 202.\nSayne, 156.\nSc, comment il se prononce dans scavoir, 22.\nScandeleux, 323.\nScavance, 236.\nScay (je), 474.\nScilence, 168.\nScopuleux, 322.\nScoulpture, 23.\nSe, conjonction devant un mot qui commence par une voyelle, 45.\nSeantet\u00e9, 269.\nSechesse, 215.\nSecheur, 269.\nSecource (je), 661.\nSecretie, 268.\nSecz, 39.\nSegret, 268.\nSegrette, 202, 268.\nSeiche (je), 528.\nSeicheur, 484.\nSeigne (je), 444.\nSeign\u00e9e, 239.\nSeigneuriaige, 235.\nSeigneurieux, 317.\nSeignieurys (je), 695.\nSeignorieuset\u00e9, 240.\nSejourneur, 272.\nSelle (je), 708.\nSelle a ribauldes, 211.\nSellier, 265.\nSemblablet\u00e9, 239.\nSemblance, 239.\nSeme, 265.\nSemitiere, 205.\nSemons, 433.\nSendal, 203.\nSene, 323.\nSenestre (au), 144.\nPage 1124\nSenglante (je), 729.\nSengle, 270.\nSengloutte (je), 724.\nSenil, 305.\nSente, 198.\nSentement, 219.\nSentencie (je), 595.\nSentu, 670.\nSeoyr, 109.\nSeparaison, 165, 196.\nSeptier, 260.\nSeptre, 269.\nSepulcral, 306.\nSepulture (je), 451.\nSerain, 307.\nSerancq, 231.\nSerant, 231.\nSerayne, 244.\nSerche (je), 537.\nSercheur, 269.\nSerieuset\u00e9, 269.\nSerment, 211.\nSermente (je me), 745.\nSermente (je), 746.\nSermonne (je), 702.\nSerot, 242.\nSerpente (une), 155.\nSerpilon, 287.\nSerre, 265.\nSers du tasteur (je), 716.\nSerurgien, 238.\nSerue (une), 155.\nSeruiablet\u00e9, 269.\nSery, 307.\nSeuls (je), I wont, XXXVI.\n  --Conjugaison de ce verbe, 103.\nSeur, 270.\nSeurcot, 285.\nSeure (je), 620.\nSeurlim\u00e9, 261.\nSeurourge, 201.\nSeurs, 62.\nSexterie, 269.\nSextier, 244.\nSeyn, 269.\nSi, si fait si, 146.\nSi a escient, 842.\nSi aynsi soit que, 879.\nSiceaux, 266.\nSidere, 175.\nSieur, 262.\nSieure dais, 265.\nSieute, 278.\nSignacle, 281.\nSigneau, 224.\nSignifiance, 270.\nSil ny soyt, 876.\nSi mayt Dieu, 866.\nSiminiau, 270.\nSimoniacq, 270.\nSimplesse, 270.\nSinelle, 230.\nSinestre, 159, 317.\nSingalle, 225.\nSingle (je), 696.\nSingularise (je), 713.\nSingulier (nombre), 67.\nSinue (je), 607.\nSion, 165.\nSi petit que non, 850.\nSi que, 885.\nSiseau, 204.\nSiseletz, 182.\nSi tres, 453.\nSi trestant, 467.\nSi tres au vif, 842.\nSi tresfort, 483.\nSobersault, 272.\nSobresse, 272.\nSobret\u00e9, 272.\nSocourans, 61.\nSoing, 203.\nSolace, 272.\nSolail, 246.\nSolas, 272.\nSolayl, 272.\nSolempnellement, 803.\nSolempnise (je), 724.\nSolempnit\u00e9, 272.\nSolier, 272.\nSolle, 272.\nSombresault, 179.\nSombreuset\u00e9, 241.\nSombreux, 317.\nSommage, 248.\nSommaige, 282.\nSomme (je), 725.\nSommeilleux, 324.\nSommel, 271.\nSommier, 272.\nSomneil, 271.\nSonge (je), 723.\nSongeart, 216.\nSonne a bransle (je), 691.\nSonoreux, 317.\nSophisterie, 272.\nSorcerie, 272.\nSorcerye, 289.\nSorrel, 272.\nSorte (un), 158.\nSortis (je), 477.\nSortisement, 291.\nSortissans, 430.\nSortys (je), 633.\nSotoual, 269.\nSottie, 221.\nSoublage (je), 531.\nSoubstrayre, 26.\nSoubtiens (je), 769.\nSoubtil, 312.\nSoubtillit\u00e9, 271.\nSoubtiue (je), 597.\nSoubz, 25.\nSoubz brun, 307.\nSoubzdoyen, 278.\nSoubzris (je me), 722.\nSoubzterraine, 328.\nSoucye, 226.\nSoudeur, 273.\nSouef, 324.\nSouffers (je), 554.\nSouffrett\u00e9, 247.\nSoufisant, 326.\nSoufrait\u00e9, 247.\nSouilliart, 271.\nPage 1125\nSouillon, 214.\nSoulace (je), 490.\nSouldain, 23.\nSoulde, 273.\nSouldoier, 273.\nSouldure, 208.\nSouldz, 266.\nSouls (je), 438.\nSouple (je), 353.\nSourcille (je me), 599.\nSourdesse, 212.\nSoure (je), 588.\nSour\u00e9, 261.\nSouris, 201.\nSours (je), 692.\nSoursault, 273.\nSousbasse, 222.\nSousie, 243.\nSouspescionne (je), 638.\nSouspir, 270.\nSoustiens (je), 415.\nSoutif, 324.\nSouuentes fois, 144.\nSouuentes foys, 858.\nSouueraigne, 331.\nSouueraint\u00e9, 273.\nSouuiegne vous, 534.\nSouyllart, 424.\nSouerain, 307.\nSouerayn liege, 238.\nSpaciosit\u00e9, 237, 273.\nSparme, 172.\nSpecieux, 312.\nSpecifijer, 6.\nSpeciosit\u00e9, 63, 198.\nSpecule (je), 589.\nSpiquenarde, 274.\nSpiritual, 314.\nSplendeur, 22.\nSponde, 197.\nStacion, 262.\nStellifie (je), 714.\nStolidit\u00e9, 221.\nStomachation, 204, 223.\nStrayne, 240.\nStrideur, 22, 273.\nStudiosit\u00e9, 249.\nSuade (je), 537.\nSuasion, 234.\nSubdiacre, 278.\nSubject, 326.\nSubjecte (je), 442.\nSubjugation, 278.\nSublim, 315.\nSubstancieux, 313.\nSubstentacle, 37, 280.\nSubstrays (je), 531.\nSubtille (je me), 491.\nSubtillit\u00e9, 215.\nSubuercion, 282.\nSubuertion, 214.\nSubuertis (je), 649.\nSucce (je), 742.\nSuccint, 323.\nSuce (je), 723.\nSueuf, 326.\nSuffert, 60.\nSufflet, 199.\nSuffocquer, 465.\nSuffragan, 273.\nSuffrance, 278.\nSuffreteux, 319.\nSuis (je), conjugaison du verbe _\u00eatre_, 125.\nSuis bien de (je), 426.\nSuis desalter\u00e9 (je), 580.\nSuis mal de (je), 428.\nSuis suffisant (je), 421.\nSuis vayn (je), 543.\nSujecte (je), 467.\nSulphre, 176.\nSumiterre, 278.\nSummation, 286.\nSummit\u00e9, 230.\nSumptueux, 23, 308.\nSumtuosit\u00e9, 278.\nSuperaltare, 494.\nSuperfice, 250.\nSuperficialit\u00e9, 278.\nSuperhabundamment, 852.\nSuppedite (je), 757.\nSupportation, 285.\nSupporte (je), 650.\nSupprime (je), 598.\nSurachapte (je), 647.\nSurcouche (je), 648.\nSurcroys (je), 533.\nSurcuyde (je me), 654.\nSur entre, 795.\nSurfays (je), 743.\nSurfons (je), 662.\nSurgerie, 278.\nSurglice (je), 649.\nSurhabunder, 19.\nSurlaboure (je me), 648.\nSurmonte (je), 541.\nSuroreille (je), 694.\nSurot, 274.\nSurpence (je me), 755.\nSurpense (je me), 453.\nSurquanie, 233, 285.\nSurquayne, 231.\nSurre, 325.\nSurrends (je), 567.\nSurrens (je), 452.\nSurreste (je), 655.\nSurreste (je me), 689.\nSursault, 138.\nSurseme (je), 741.\nSur toute riens, 836.\nSurunde (je), 577.\nSuruenue, 211, 273.\nSuruoys (je), 648.\nSuspecon, 28, 245.\nSuspecion, 278.\nSuspeconeux, 326.\nSuspection, 245, 884.\nSuspense (je), 744.\nSuspicieux, 326.\nSuyerie, 273.\nSuyeux, 325.\nSuyez, 752.\nSydere, 275.\nSygoygne, 277.\nSyment, 270.\nSynnelle, 230.\nT\nT; sa prononciation, 37.\nTableau aux eschecz, 204.\nPage 1126\nTabour, 279.\nTaboure (je), 659.\nTabourin, 279.\nTabourine (je), 746.\nTaiche (je), 569.\nTaill\u00e9e, 279.\nTaincture, 213.\nTaincturier, 213, 238.\nTaings (je), 515.\nTaisniere, 208.\nTalpe, 246.\nTandis que, 856.\nTanne (je me), 778.\nTanny, 2.\nTanny garens\u00e9, 213.\nTant que, 856.\nTant seullement, 847.\nTanure, 210.\nTapis (je), 499.\nTappis, 279.\nTapynet, 276.\nTardifuet\u00e9, 271.\nTarge, 279.\nTarge (je), 612.\nTargue, 279.\nTarrys (je), 529.\nTart, 143.\nTartaricque, 315.\nTastement, 219.\nTatin, 270,\nTauldis, 251.\nTaulx, 279.\nTauxe (je), 710.\nTayche, 208.\nTaye, 200.\nTaye (un), 158.\nTaylles, 184.\nTays (je me), 587.\nTect, 231.\nTecteur, 226.\nTeignon, 265.\nTemperise (je me), 639\nTemperure, 279.\nTemple (une), 158.\nTemplete, 279.\nTemps. Dans les verbes il y en a six: le pr\u00e9sent, le parfait, le futur,\n    et les trois divisions du parfait, l'imparfait, l'ind\u00e9fini, le plus\n    que parfait, XXXII.\n  --Formation des temps, XXXII.\nTemptation, 279.\nTemptatoire, 279.\nTence (je), 463.\nTenceresse, 68, 154.\nTencerie, 200.\nTenceur, 68, 154.\nTenche, 279.\nTend, 280.\nTende, 280.\nTendron, 228.\nTenement, 4.\nTenneure, 280.\nTenue, 280.\nTerciennes, 280.\nTeritoire, 208.\nTerme (je), 707.\nTerminance, 213, 220.\nTerrienne, 63.\nTerrification, 219.\nTerris (je me), 781.\nTerrouer, 272.\nTerslet, 279.\nTesmoignage, 261.\nTesmoigne (je), 451.\nTeste, 54.\nTeste (un), 158.\nTestiere, 230.\nTestifuement, 836.\nTestu, 307.\nTestyf, 777.\nTeurs (je), 785.\nTh; comment _th_ se prononce en fran\u00e7ais, 19.\nTheorique, 274.\nThesme, 281.\nThoreau, 20, 155.\nThrosne, 57.\nThyeme, 173.\nThyme, 281\nTiens en aguayt (je me), 441.\nTiens fort (je me), 449.\nTiens playt (je), 587.\nTiercellet, 280.\nTieule, 281.\nTieulle, 281.\nTieulx, 82.\nTiffe (je), 758.\nTigneux, 265.\nTiliac, 229.\nTiltre, 23.\nTintyn, 281.\nTirant, 281.\nTire, 282.\nTire auant (je), 654,\nTirouer, 240.\nTisanne, 281.\nTissutier, 209.\nToille, 8.\nToles (je), 747.\nTollere (je), 534.\nTonliu, 281.\nTonnelet, 187.\nTonnement, 280.\nTonnoyrre, 175.\nTonse (que je), 397.\nTons\u00e9 (j'ay), 645.\nTopp\u00e9e, 203.\nTorche (je), 662.\nTorconnier, 218.\nToreau, 20.\nTormente, 63.\nTorment\u00e9e, 5.\nTorneur, 284.\nTorterelle, 281.\nTorteu, 15.\nTortemoue, 290.\nTortfait, 291.\nTost, 812.\nToste (je), 760.\nTost\u00e9e, 282.\nTouaille, 282.\nTouaylle, 282.\nTouche, 282.\nTouche la (je), 739.\nPage 1127\nToult, 25.\nToupin, 282.\nTouque, 202.\nTourbiginaulx, 290.\nTourmentine, 284.\nTournay, 282.\nTournement, 282.\nTournettes, 184.\nTournoire, 267.\nTourquois, 282.\nTout, 872.\nTout a deliure, 829.\nTout ades, 808.\nTout adez, 814.\nTout a force, 829.\nTout a heurt, 829.\nTout asteure, 877.\nTout a tart, 803.\nTout aynsi que, 877.\nTout de hayt, 830.\nTout dune tire, 830.\nTout dung tenant, 872.\nToute jour, 298.\nTout en apert, 830.\nToute riens, 298, 847.\nToutes foys et quantes, 858.\nToutesuoyes, 881.\nTout fin mayntenant, 806.\nTout fin, 808.\nTout hony, 694.\nTout hors, 529.\nTout mort, 842.\nTout oultre, 842.\nTout playn dinjures, 878.\nTout quanque, 859.\nToye, 287.\nTrac, 276.\nTractif, 326.\nTrafficque, 210.\nTraict, 215.\nTraict de temps, 278.\nTraicte, 234.\nTrainelle (je), 760.\nTraire, 64.\nTranchafon, 200.\nTranchayson, 165.\nTrancys (je), 656.\nTransis (je me), 745.\nTranslate (je), 761.\nTransmontaigne, 280.\nTransnage (je), 745.\nTransnoue (je), 745.\nTranspasse (je), 654.\nTrappe (je), 761.\nTrappier, 666.\nTrasse, 265.\nTrasse (je), 770.\nTrasser, 389.\nTrauaille denfant (je), 600.\nTrays, 282.\nTrays (je), 526.\nTrehouchet, 254.\nTrebusche (je), 477.\nTrecherie, 282.\nTref, 228.\nTrelis, 227.\nTremaille (je), 586.\nTrempe (je me), 639.\nTrenchant, 216.\nTrenchaysonne (je), 569.\nTrenche le chemyn (je), 572.\nTrench\u00e9e, 282.\nTrenchouer, 282.\nTrenteyne, 282.\nTrepude, 212.\nTreschange (je), 482.\nTresluis (je), 476.\nTresluys (je), 564.\nTresourier, 282.\nTrespas, 213.\nTrespasse (je), 648.\nTrespece (je), 660.\nTresperce (je), 655.\nTressaulx (je), 463.\nTressouere, 200.\nTressue (je), 544.\nTresteau, 259.\nTrestout, 82, 847.\nTret\u00e9, 282.\nTrette, 283.\nTreuue (je), 104.\nTreuues, 283.\nTreuaige, 283.\nTriacle, 283.\nTriboulle (je), 704.\nTrilis, 227.\nTripe (je), 553.\nTripette (je), 553.\nTrippes, 273.\nTrippette (je), 723.\nTriumphamment, 798.\nTriumphe, 174, 225.\nTrocque (je), 444.\nTroignette, 240.\nTroignon, 208.\nTrompeteur, 283.\nTronchet, 199.\nTronson, 209.\nTrop mieulx, etc. 390, 850.\nTropelle (je), 552.\nTroppeau, 230.\nTrottier, 283.\nTrousse (je), 763.\nTroussure, 283.\nTruaige, 230.\nTruandaille, 277.\nTruandeu, 240.\nTruffant bourdant, 832.\nTruffe (je), 589.\nTrumeau, 282.\nTrumpette, 283.\nTue la chandelle (je), 525.\nTugurion, 278.\nTuismes (nous), 396.\nTumbe, 283.\nTumbe (je), 544.\nTumbeau, 382.\nTumbreau, 283.\nTurbateur, 283.\nTurbillon, 279.\nTurterelle, 155.\nTurtre, 155.\nTuytion, 867.\nTyltre, 281.\nTymbre (je), 659.\nTynte (je), 677.\nPage 1128\nTyphayne, 283.\nTyrannise (je), 541.\nTyre (je), 571.\nTyre des tallons (je), 656.\nTyreur de layne, 289.\nTysceu, 330.\nU\n(VOYELLE.)\nU; sa prononciation, 7.\n  --Distinction de _u_ voyelle et de _u_ consonne, 10.\n  --Apr\u00e8s _f_, _g_, _q_, XVII.\n  --Prononciation de l'_u_, m\u00eame quand il n'est pas \u00e9crit dans le mot,\n  --Ne se prononce pas dans quelques mots o\u00f9 il se trouve, 9.\nUi, diphthongue; sa prononciation, XVIII, 16.\nUlulation, 210, 233.\nUlule (je), 587.\nUmbrageux, 323.\nUmbraige, 266.\nUmbre, 176.\nUmbre (je), 699.\nUmbroye (je me), 610.\nUmbroye (je), 699.\nUndee, 215.\nUndette, 239.\nUne foys pour tout, 859.\nUnes: unes chauces, unes tenailles, unes lunettes, XXVI.\n--Unes nopces, unes lettres, XL.\nUnesfoys, 803.\nUng petit, 875.\nUng pour ung, 710.\nUng tantinet, 774.\nUng tour de passe pas, 833.\nUngle, 247.\nUngz: ungz sufllets, ungz ciseletz, XL.\n  --Unes heures, 152.\nUppie, 289.\nUsaige (je), 769.\nUsite (je), 645.\nUstencille, 277.\nUsure (je), 769.\nUtil, 281.\nU\n(CONSONNE.)\nU; sa prononciation, 38.\nUacabond, 284.\nUacillation, 275.\nUacque (il me), 423.\nUaguabonde (je), 613.\nUague (je), 772.\nUaincs (je), 648.\nUal, des deux genres, 161.\nUalee, 211.\nUalereux, 310.\nUaleton, 291.\nUaliance, 284.\nUalitude, 230.\nUalleton, 291.\nUalue, 284.\nUantaige (je), 765.\nUantance, 210, 284.\nUante, 210.\nUanteur, 210.\nUariablet\u00e9, 267.\nUariance, 213.\nUariant, 310.\nUarie (je me), 428.\nUariement, 204.\nUarlet, 228.\nUas (je men). Conjugaison de ce verbe, 123.\nUas a jouc (je), 696.\nUas a repos (je), 528.\nUas en compas (je), 572.\nUas eschays (je), 700.\nUas mon bean bas trac (je men), 570.\nUas par sault\u00e9es (je), 699.\nUaudoyse, 289.\nUauldr\u00e9e, 223.\nUaulx (je), 431.\nUaua, 275.\nUaylable, 305.\nUaynes, 349.\nUeche, 219.\nUecy, 146.\nUefue, 287.\nUegete (je), 705.\nUeillart, 8, 249.\nUela, 146.\nUellu, 301.\nUeloustier, 284.\nUendaige, 269.\nUendenge (je), 561.\nUendible, 303.\nUendredi aur\u00e9, 811.\nUenemeux, 327.\nUenne (je), 443.\nUent daumon, 273.\nUentile (je me), 459.\nUentille (je), 765.\nUenturier, 242.\nUenuste, 305.\nUerart, 155.\nUerbes. Deux sortes: personnel et impersonnel. Trois sortes de verbes\n  personnels: parfait, anomal, d\u00e9fectif. Trois sortes de verbes\n  parfaits: actif, passif, moyen. Trois sortes de conjugaisons du verbe\n  actif, XXX.\n  --D\u00e9finition, 83.\n  --Division, 83.\n  --Accidents des verbes, 83, 137.\nUerbie (je), 771.\nUerdier, 222.\nUerdoye (je me), 774.\nUeredicque, 327.\nUeresimilitude, 239.\nUerges, 184.\nUerglace (il), 558.\nUergoigne, 8.\nUergoigne (je), 619.\nUergoigneux, 185.\nUergondeement, 5.\nUergongne (je me), 459.\nPage 1129\nUermillet, 303.\nUermolu, 316.\nUermoulys (je), 596.\nUernal, 306.\nUerrot, 278.\nUers. Mani\u00e8re de lire des vers fran\u00e7ais \u00e0 haute voix, 60, 64.\nUesper\u00e9e, 188.\nUespilion, 165.\nUespillon, 228.\nUespre, 54.\nUesquirent, 61.\nUessaille, 270.\nUessie (je), 780.\nUests (je), 488.\nUesture, 206.\nUeu, de veoyr, XXXI.\nUiaige, 284.\nUibriquet, 253.\nUiconte, 285.\nUidance, 285.\nUidecoq, 289.\nUiel, 305.\nUielle, 249.\nUiellesse, 249.\nUiens au dessus (je), 563.\nUieul, uieulle, 319.\nUieulx, 249.\nUieuse, 320.\nUigeur, 285.\nUigille, 288.\nUigille (je), 772.\nUilanie (je), 490.\nUilennye (je), 690.\nUilipendence, 269.\nUillaine, 63.\nUillainie, 205.\nUillayn, 307.\nUillement, 285.\nUillenastre, 224.\nUillennye, 285.\nUilotiere, 215, 271.\nUimpilon, 277.\nUineau, 253.\nUinettier, 285.\nUingt et ungiesme, 372.\nUiole, 285.\nUirsoet, 218.\nUisaige (je), 765.\nUise, 185.\nUise (je me), 614.\nUisitance, 285.\nUitaille, 285.\nUitaille (je), 766.\nUitailler, 285.\nUitupere, 175, 261.\nUitupere (je), 456, 680.\nUiuandier, 285.\nUiuifie (je me), 677.\nUnismes (nous), 396.\nUocifere (je), 501.\nUoicture, 203.\nUoicture (je), 476.\nUoicturier, 203.\nUoidure, 273.\nUoierreux, 314.\nUoille, 8.\nUoille de sorbe, 225.\nUoirier, 225.\nUoiriere, 225.\nUoirra, 401.\nUoisinet\u00e9, 247.\nUolent\u00e9, 289.\nUolentif, 329.\nUolet, 221.\nUolette (je), 552.\nUoluntairet\u00e9, 230.\nUoluntarieux, 329.\nUoue (je), 619.\nUouge, 198.\nUoulaige, 249.\nUoulent\u00e9, 159.\nUouloir. Conjugaison de ce verbe, 104.\nUoulsist. Voulsist Dieu, XXXVI, 104.\nUoult, 402.\nUous est il bien? 546.\nUoyagier, 199.\nUoyelles. Toute voyelle se prononce, 17.\n  --Uoyelles longues et br\u00e8ves, 52.\nUoyezcy, 146.\nUoyezla, 146.\nUoylable, 305.\nUoyr vraymecques, 866.\nUoyre vrayement, 866.\nUoyroyset\u00e9, 225.\nUoyrryne (je), 535.\nUoyst, 410.\nUoystre (je me), 771.\nUueille. Vueille Dieu, XXXVI, 104.\nUueille ou non, 844.\nUulgarise (je), 669.\nUulnere (je), 784.\nUuyde, 310.\nUyder ou uuyder, 12.\nW\nWallon, 223.\nX\nX; sa prononciation, 22, 24, 38, 39.\n  --Comme terminaison du pluriel, XXVI, XXVIII.\n  --Comment il se prononce au commencement des mots, 22.\nXenotrophe, 22.\nXylobalsome, 22.\nY\nY supprim\u00e9 par ellipse, 413.\nYcelle, 82.\nYceluy, 82.\nYcestuy, 82.\nYdropisie, 215.\nYeman, 291.\nPage 1130\nYeulx, 62.\nYndeux, 328.\nYpocript, 605.\nYpocrite, 177.\nYronde, 278.\nYtel, 82\nYueresse, 215.\nYuernaige, 289.\nYure (je), 622.\nYurer, 12.\nYuresse, 155.\nYuroigne, 155.\nZ\nZ comme terminaison du pluriel, XXVI, XXVIII.\n  --Ne termine jamais un adjectif singulier, XXVII, XXVIII.\nZelotipie, 233.\nPage 1131\nSOMMAIRE\nDES MATI\u00c8RES ET DES DIVISIONS\nDE\nLA GRAMMAIRE DE PALSGRAVE.\n\u00c9p\u00eetre de l'auteur au roi      I\nPrivil\u00e9ge du roi      X\nLettre d'Andr\u00e9 Baynton     XI\nIntroduction pour l'intelligence des deux premiers livres      XV\nIntroduction au livre second      XXIII\nTable des chapitres du premier livre       XLV\nLivre Ier, sur la bonne prononciation du fran\u00e7ais       1\nLivre II, o\u00f9 il est trait\u00e9 des neuf parties du discours       65\nLivre III, qui contient des d\u00e9veloppements sur les deux premiers     151\nTable des substantifs      193\n----des adjectifs        305\n----de certaines locutions       375\n----des pr\u00e9positions       794\n----des conjonctions        872\n----des interjections       888\nPage 1133\nTABLE  ALPHAB\u00c9TIQUE\nDES   MATI\u00c8RES\nCONTENUES DANS LA GRAMMAIRE DE DU GUEZ.\nAcrostiches formant le nom de _Giles du Wes_, 893, 1017.\nAdverbes (liste d'), 529, col. 1.\nAdverbes de nombres, avec les substantifs et adjectifs qui en d\u00e9rivent,\nAller (verbe) conjugu\u00e9, 995.\nAvoir, conjugu\u00e9, 960.\nChercher et querir, conjugu\u00e9s, 1007.\nChault (il ne m'en), conjugu\u00e9, 1005.\nConjonctions, 925.\nConjugaisons, 959.\nConjugaison (exemple d'une) conduite \u00e0 travers un e phrase, 1011 \u00e0 1016.\nConna\u00eetre, conjugu\u00e9 avec le  pronom  r\u00e9fl\u00e9chi, 974.\nConsonnes qui s'effacent dans la prononciation, 899, 900, 901.\nCouleurs (g\u00e9n\u00e9ration et blason des), 920.\nDialogues: entre la princesse Marie et un envoy\u00e9 du roi, 1023.\n  --Entre la m\u00eame et un envoy\u00e9 de l'empereur ou d'un souverain\n    quelconque, 1029.\n  --La m\u00eame et G. Du Guez, sur la paix, 1038.\n  --La m\u00eame et son aum\u00f4nier, dans le parc de Tewkesbury, 1044.\n  --La m\u00eame et le tr\u00e9sorier de sa chambre, son mari d'adoption, sur\n  --La m\u00eame et G. Du Guez sur l'\u00e2me, 1052.\n  --La m\u00eame et son aum\u00f4nier: exposition de la messe, 1063.\n  --Les m\u00eames, sur les noms et propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des mets, 1070.\nDivision du temps, 1078.\nEngenouiller (se),  conjugu\u00e9, 1009.\n\u00catre, conjugu\u00e9, 987.\nFaire, conjugu\u00e9 parall\u00e8lement avec _\u00eatre_, 1011.\nFaire (le), conjugu\u00e9, 1004.\nFutur de l'indicatif, 933.\nImp\u00e9ratif, 934.\nIndicatif pr\u00e9sent (formation de l'), 930.\nLe faire, 1004.\n_Ll_; comment se prononce, 901.\n  --Dans les verbes, 1009.\nLettres\n  --\u00e0 la princesse Marie pour s'excuser d'une absence, 1034;\n  --\u00e0 la m\u00eame au nom de Jean Ap. Morgan, son \u00e9cuyer tranchant, 1036.\nLoist (il me), conjugue, 1004.\nMots et locutions, 921.\nNomenclatures, voy. _Substantifs_.\nOptatif, 934.\nParticipes, adverbes, noms tir\u00e9s des verbes, r\u00e8gle pour les former, 935.\nPlan de la Grammaire de Du Guez, 898.\nPorter (se), conjugu\u00e9, 1003.\nPr\u00e9positions, 924.\nPr\u00e9t\u00e9rit imparfait, 932.\nPr\u00e9t\u00e9rit ind\u00e9fini, 933.\nPr\u00e9t\u00e9rit parfait, 932.\nPr\u00e9t\u00e9rit plus que parfait, 933.\nPrologue du premier livre, 894;\n  --du second livre, 1019.\nPrononciation (r\u00e8gies de la), 899.\nPronoms, 923.\nQuerir, conjugu\u00e9, 1007.\nSalutations (formules de), 918.\nSeulz (je), conjugu\u00e9, 1004.\n_St_; comment se prononce, 900 (r\u00e8gle V).\nSubjonctif, 935.\nSubstantifs (liste de), 901.\n  --Parties du corps humain, 901.\n  --Qualit\u00e9s m\u00e9taphysiques, 904.\n  --Toilette des femmes, 906.\n  --Mobilier d'une chambre, 908.\n  --Int\u00e9rieur d'une cuisine, 909.\n  --Noms des oiseaux, 910.\n  --Mets\nPage 1134\n  --friands, 91.\n  --Venaison, 912.\n  --Poissons, 913.\n  --Noms des arbres, 914.\n  --Officiers royaux, 916.\n  --Cris des animaux, 916.\nTable of this present Treatyse, 898.\n_U_ \u00e9lid\u00e9 par les Picards dans _tu as_, _tu es_, 900.\nVerbes (liste alphab\u00e9tique de), 936.\nVerbes (deux), par exemple, _\u00eatre_ et _faire_, combin\u00e9s dans une\n  conjugaison parall\u00e8le, 1011.\n  --au nom de lady Maltravers, sur un proverbe, 1026.\n  --\u00c9pitaphe, 1032.\n  --Vers d'excuse \u00e0 propos d'une indisposition, 1041.\nVoir, conjugu\u00e9, 1001.\nVoyelles; r\u00e8gles de leur prononciation, 899 et suiv.\nZ,  ajout\u00e9  au  singulier  pour former le pluriel, 901.\nPage 1135\nNOTE DE L'\u00c9DITEUR.\nAfin de mettre le lecteur en garde contre les inadvertances de la\ntypographie anglaise, inadvertances que nous \u00e9tions oblig\u00e9 de reproduire\ndans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat m\u00eame de l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 et de l'autorit\u00e9 du texte, nous\nsignalerons ici trois fautes d'impression grossi\u00e8res dans une seule\npage, et tr\u00e8s-peu remplie.\nDans les distiques latins de L\u00e9onard Coxe, imprim\u00e9s au _verso_ du titre\n(voy. le fac-simil\u00e9), vers premier:\nGallica quisquis amas _axact\u00e8_ verba sonare,\nil faut lire _exact\u00e8_.\nDans les Phaleuques \u00e0 Geoffroy Tory, vers 8:\nNec _Gr\u00e6cis_ melius putaro Gazam Instruxisse suos...........\nlisez _Gr\u00e6cos_.\nEt deux vers plus bas:\nSeu quotquot _pr\u00e6tio_ pri\u00f9s fuere\nLa quantit\u00e9 veut qu'on r\u00e9tablisse _pretio_, par _e_ simple.\nOn pourrait voir une quatri\u00e8me faute d'impression dans le vers suivant:\nH\u00e6c evolve mei _Palgravi_ scripta diserti.\nAucune r\u00e8gle ne prescrivant la suppression de l'_s_ dans le nom latinis\u00e9\nde Palsgrave, cette alt\u00e9ration de forme doit \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'une\ninexactitude typographique; le manuscrit donnait sans doute _Palsgravi_.\nLes imprimeurs de Du Guez ne m\u00e9ritent pas plus de confiance que ceux de\nPalsgrave. Par exemple, \u00e0 la page 928, vous verrez l'adverbe de nombre\n_fyrst_ traduit en fran\u00e7ais _emprent_, comme s'il s'agissait de la 3e\npersonne de l'indicatif du verbe _emprendre_, _il emprent_.\nIl est indubitable qu'il faut lire _en preu_, apocope de _en pre_\n(_mier_), ou tout d'un mot, _empreu_. Le drapier, parlant des six aunes\nde drap que lui demande Pathelin, dit \u00e0 ce brave chaland, en lui\npr\u00e9sentant son aune \u00e0 tenir:\nPrenez-la: nous les aulneron;\nSi sont elles cy sans rabattre.\n(Il mesure le drap.)\n_Empreu_, et deux, et trois, et quatre,\nEt cinq, et six.\nPage 1136\nSelon toute apparence, l'acteur pronon\u00e7ait _empreut_, avec un _t_\neuphonique final, comme il est figur\u00e9 dans le texte de Du Guez: ainsi la\nversification de _Pathelin_ ne contenait pas dans ce passage l'hiatus\nque l'oeil croirait y surprendre. On ne saurait trop r\u00e9p\u00e9ter que\nl'\u00e9criture est un faux t\u00e9moin, surtout par rapport \u00e0 l'ancien langage,\net que la comparaison des erreurs peut conduire \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9.\nPalsgrave, en vingt endroits, tombe avec une roideur impitoyable sur les\npauvres imprimeurs fran\u00e7ais:\n\u00abTelle \u00e9st l'ignorance de ces imprimeurs, qui ne connaissent pas leur\npropre langue.\u00bb (P. 293.)\n\u00abMais c'est plut\u00f4t par l'ignorance des imprimeurs, qui ne connaissent\npas leur propre langue.\u00bb (P. 300.)\nEn parlant de la perfection de la langue fran\u00e7aise: \u00abElle a \u00e9t\u00e9\nsinguli\u00e8rement corrompue par la n\u00e9gligence de ceux qui se m\u00ealent de\nl'art d'imprimer.\u00bb (P. 163.)\n\u00ab...Et combien le fran\u00e7ais est d\u00e9figur\u00e9 par la n\u00e9gligence des\nimprimeurs.\u00bb (P. 162.)\n\u00abJ'en accuse la n\u00e9gligence, ou, pour mieux dire, l'ignorance des\nimprimeurs.\u00bb (P. 181.)\nLe patriotisme de Palsgrave lui multipliait les f\u00e9tus dans l'oeil de nos\nimprimeurs, et lui dissimulait les poutres dans l'oeil des imprimeurs\nanglais. Nous ne voulons pas ici r\u00e9criminer, autrement il serait permis\nde demander o\u00f9 Palsgrave prend le droit d\u00e9 se montrer si rigoureux, et\nquels typographes illustres l'Angleterre du XVIe si\u00e8cle peut mettre en\nconcurrence de nos V\u00e9rard, Estienne, Simon de Colines, Fran\u00e7ois et\nS\u00e9bastien Gryphe, Vascosan, et tant d'autres. Le moins inconnu qu'il f\u00fbt\npossible de leur opposer est justement ce Pynson, qui a imprim\u00e9 la\npremi\u00e8re partie du livre de Palsgrave avec quatre fautes d\u00e8s la premi\u00e8re\npage.\nR\u00e9imprimer Palsgrave, c'est reconna\u00eetre la valeur de son t\u00e9moignage en\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ral; par cons\u00e9quent, il devenait n\u00e9cessaire de protester, lorsque,\nsur un point de fait aussi important, son t\u00e9moignage passionn\u00e9 pouvait\ninduire en erreur.\nF. G.", "source_dataset": "gutenberg", "source_dataset_detailed": "gutenberg -  An Introductorie for to Lerne to Read, To Pronounce, and to Speke French Trewly\n"},
{"content": "HEre begynneth a shor\u00a6te and abreue table on the Cronycles / and ye mu\u2223ste vnderstand that in euery leef of the boke aboue is the tytle wherin is Pars prima. ii.iii.iiii.v.vi. and .vii\u00b7 tylle ye come at the bookes ende & therby shall ye knowe what maters conteyne in the table bytwene parte & parte / And so shall ye fynd aboue bytwe\u00a6ne pars and pars in the mar\u00a6gyne wryten.\nThe werke of the fyrste .vi. dayes.\nAdam the fyrste man\nEua the fyrst woman\nSeth sone to Adam\nDelbora syster to Abell\nAbel sone to Adam\nCayn and Calmana syster & wyfe to cayn\nEenos\nChanam\nMalaleel. Iareth. Enoch. of the lyne of Cryste\nMatusale. Lameth. of Cry\u2223stes lyne\nTuball the fyrste grauer\nIabe fou\u0304de ye fyrst pauelyo\u0304s\nIuball founde the fyrste craf\u00a6te to playe\nNeoma fo\u0304de fyrste weuynge\nNeo / the shyppe / the rayne\u2223bowe\nCham. Sem. & Iapher No\u2223es sones\nArpharat & hys chyldern\nChus and hys chyldern\nSale and his sone\nHeber and hys chylder\nPhaleg\nIacten. Nemroch. and Sul\u2223phen. the buylders of ye Tou\u00a6re of Babylon\nHow gentylman began\nSaruk ofCrystes line, Belus king of Babylon, Nyhus queen of Babylon, Their lineage of Cryst, Abraham and his brethren with their progeny, Abraham's wives, Melchisedech king of Salem, Semiramis queen of Babylon, Ninus king of Babylon, Arius king of Babylon, Isaac of his line and his wives and sons, Of Gomorrah and the wife of Loth, Jacob of his line and his wives and their progeny, king of Babylon, Aramoric after him, Belus king of Assyria, Athlas Astronomer, Sarapis king of Greces, Argus king of Greeks, Omogores put the first oxen to the plow, Belus king of Babylon, Pharaoh king of Egypt, Amithus king of Babylon, Pharaoh king of Egypt, Aram of Cryst's line, Job the holy man, Moses the Judge of Israel, Aaron the bishop, Dafrus king of Babylon, Cyrops king of Athens, Amynadab of Cryst's line, Moses the first Judge, Aaron the first bishop, Pharaoh king of Egypt, Nasonsone to.Amynadab whan ye lawe of god was gy\u00a6uen in the hylle of Synay\nSalmen of the lyne of Cryst\nIosue the Iuge\nEleazar byssop\nOthonyell Iuge\nAoth Iuge\nIonas ye fyrst kyng of ytaly\nAmictus kynge of Babylon\nBoos of the lyne of Cryste\nSanger Iuge\nDelbora Iuge\nPhenies bysshop\nSaturnus kynge of ytaly\nPicus kynge of ytaly\nGedeon Iuge\nBocci bysshop\nAbimalech Iuge\nTola Iuge\nBocci bysshop\nIayr Iuge\nFanus kynge of ytaly\nLatinus kynge of ytaly\nTauran{us} kyng of Babylon\nLamydon kynge of Troy\nThe newe synnes of Israell\nOzy bysshop\nEbassam Iuge\nAbialoo Iuge\nAbdon Iuge\nAthamam kyng of assuria{rum}\nAgamenon kyng of Grece\nEneas kynge of ytaly\nVlixes an eloquent man\nObeth of the lyne of Cryste\nSampson Iuge\nIesse of the lyne of Cryste\nSaull kynge of Israell\nAscanius kynge of ytaly\nSiluius kynge of ytaly\nVenes and Padua were bu\u2223ylded\nHomere the grete poete\nAlbyon ye fyrste woman that was of Englonde\nBruce kynge of Bryytane\nLotrin kynge of Brytayne\nMadan kynge of Brytayne\nDauyd kynge of Isra\nM\nSalomon kynge of peak\nSadochBysshop\nRoboam king of Judah\nAchimaas bishop\nJeroboam king of Israel\nAbdias king of Jews\nAsa king of Judah\nAzariah bishop\nBasa king of Israel\nHelek king of Israel\nAmri king of Israel\nArcha king of Israel\nEbrahk king of Britain\nBrutus Greneshed king of Britain\nLael king of Britain\nJosaphat king of Jews\nHelyas the great prophet\nMicaiah and Abdias prophets\nOchosias king of Israel or Josiah king of Israel\nJoram king of Judah, whom Helyas was carried up to Paradise\nOchosias or Josiah king of Israel\nJehoahaz king of Israel\nAthaliah mother of Azariah king of Judah\nJoatham king of Israel\nJoash king of Israel\nLer king of Britain\nAmosias king of Judah\nJeroboam king of Israel\nOzias king of Judah\nOzee bishop and prophet\nJoel Ananias and Azariah prophets\nZachariah king of Israel\nPhasaa king of Israel\nPheze king of Israel\nMorgan and Conedag kings of Britain\nReynold Borboryme and Porres kings of Britain\nFour.Kings held all Britain and among them were Scater and Dwalier, kings of Britain. Rudac and Clo, kings of Britain. Donebant, king of Britain. Brenne and Belin, kings of Britain. Cormbratus, king of Britain. Ioathan, king of Jews. Amarias, bishop. Olympias, seat in Greece. Acham, king of Jews. Achitob, bishop. Ozee, king of Israel. Rome was built by Romulus. Ezechias, king of Jews. Sadoch, bishop. Manasses, king of Jews. Sellu_ and Echias, bishops. Numa, king of Rome. Amon, king of Jews. Iosias, king of Jews. Azastas, bishop. Tobias, the holy man. Tu. Nabugonodonosor, king of Babylon. Ancus, king of Rome. Daniel the prophet. Ioathas, king of Jews. Iachim, king of Jews. Damias, bishop. Ioachim, king of Jews. Sedechias, king of Jews. Iosedeth, bishop. Abacuk, prophet. The Transmygracyon. Priscus Torquatus, king of Rome. Nabugodonosor and Evilmerodach, kings of Babylon. How the game of chess was found. Salathiel, of the line of Christ. Serius Tullius, king of Rome. Regues Sabusardach and Balchasar, kings of Babylon. Monarchia Persarum. Darius, king.Babylon, under the rule of Cyrus, Emperor of Persia, was destroyed. Tarquin Superbus, King of Rome, Lucrece.\n\nChange of Rome's governance after the kings.\n\nHistory of Esdras (Book of Ezra)\n\nZorobabel, Duke\nEsdras, Priest\n\nCambyses, King of Persia\nAhasuerus and Darius, Kings of Persia\n\nAzor, of the line of Christ\nElyasib, Bishop\n\nCamillus, Dictator of Rome\nDarius, King of Persia\nPlato, Philosopher\nTitus, Gaius, Marcus Valerius, Senators of Rome\n\nArdaban and Xerxes, Kings of Persia\nIodas and Johannes, Bishops\nAristotle and Socrates, Philosophers\n\nGuentolen, Saysell, Kimor, Kings of Britain\nHowan, Morwith, Kings of Britain\n33 kings ruled in turns in Britain\n\nLud, Kings of Britain\nSadoch, of the line of Christ\nJudas, Bishop\nEneas.Bysshe, Manipulus and Fabulus, consuls of Rome,\nMonarchia Greco-Rum,\nAlexander, king of Macedon,\nAchilles of the line of Christ,\nSimon and Elazar, bishops of Dolobela, Emilius,\nMarcus Curius,\nGenutius, consuls of Rome,\nPtolemy, king of Egypt,\nEliud of the line of Christ,\nOnias and Symon, bishops,\nSempronius, Appius Claudius, and many more Senators of Rome,\nPtolemy XII, king of Egypt,\nHannibal, king of Carthage,\nLu, Epaphras, Autochus, king of Syria,\nUrias and Symon, bishops,\nEleazar of the line of Christ,\nAdrianus and Eustachius,\nOnias, bishop,\nPaulus Scipio, Senators at Rome,\nPtolemy XII, king of Egypt,\nMathathias, a holy man,\nJudas Maccabeus and Jonathan his brother, bishops,\nAntiochus, king of Syria,\nQuintus Marcius and Tiberius, Senators of Rome,\nMatthias, of the line of Christ,\nSimon and John, bishops,\nPublius, Lucius, Lucius, Senators of Rome,\nPtolemy XII, king of Egypt,\nAristobulus, king and priest.Cryst, Alexandra wife and bishop,\nHircanus, king of Jews,\nVirgil, the great poet,\nOracius and Salustius, historians,\nQuintus and Gaius Consules of Rome,\nPompeius, Marcus, and Iulius, dictators of Rome,\nCato, philosopher,\nCassibelan, king of England,\nAndragatha, king of England,\nIoses, of the line of Cryst,\nAnthigonus, bishop,\nTitus Livius and Ovidius, historians,\nOctavian, emperor,\nThe husbands of Saint Anne,\nHerod Ascobalus, king of Jews,\nCymbeline, king of England,\nThe Nativity of Cryst,\nAnnius Rufus and Valerius, bishops,\nPilate, the Jew,\nOf Pilate's Nativity,\nOvidius Naso,\nTiberius, emperor,\nMatthias, the apostle,\nJudas Scarioth,\nThe making of the creed,\nThe four Evangelists,\nPeter, the first pope,\nGaius, emperor,\nGydda, king of England,\nAethelberht, king of England, west Saxon king of England,\nCoel, king of England,\nClaudius, emperor,\nJames the Greater, the apostle,\nNero, emperor,\nSeneca, Nero's teacher,\nIuvenalis and Lucan, poets,\nJames the Less, the apostle,\nLinus, a martyr and pope,\nGalba, emperor,\nOtho.Emperors:\nVitellius, Vespasian, Cletus (pope and martyr), Titus, Domitian, Clement I (pope and martyr), Nero, Trajan, Anacletus (pope and martyr), Alexander I (pope and martyr), Sixtus II (pope and martyr), Thelesporus (pope and martyr), Ignotius (pope and martyr), Anicetus (martyr and pope), Galen, Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, Lucius I (pope and martyr), Elagabalus, Maximinus Thrax, Gordian I, Gordian III, Pupienus and Balbinus (joint emperors), Gordian III, Philip the Arab, Decius, Trebonianus Gallus, Valerian, Gallienus, Claudius Gothicus, Aurelian, Probus, Carus, Carinus, Diocletian, Maximian, Constantine I, Constantius I, Constantine II, Constantius III, Jovian, Valentinian I, Valens, Gratian, Theodosius I, Arcadius, Honorius, Theodosius II, Leo I, Anthemius, Olybrius, Zeno, Basilicus, Julius Nepos.\n\nOrators: Pliny.\n\nPopes and Martyrs: Euristus, Sixtus II, Anicetus, Soter, Elentherius, Marcus Anthonius and Lucius Commodus, Victor I, Zephyrinus, Origenes, Calixtus, Anthonius.\n\nKings of England: Lucie, Athelstan, Cunobelin, Constantine, Maximian, Gratian, Constantine III, Octavian, Maximian, Constantine, Mancius, Athelstan, Athelred II, Edgar, Edmund Ironside, Harold I, Harold II, Stephen, Henry II, Richard I, John, Henry III, Edward I, Edward II, Edward III, Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Edward IV, Richard III, Henry VII, Henry VIII.Marcus Emporius, Emperor\nAlexander Emperor\nUrbanus, a martyr and pope\nPontianus, a martyr and pope\nAnteros, a martyr and pope\nMaximian, Emperor\nGordian, Emperor\nPhilip, Emperor\nDecius, Emperor\nFabian, martyr and pope\nCononius, a martyr and pope\nLucius, pope\nGallus and Volusian, emperors\nValerian, emperor\nStephanus, a martyr and pope\nSixtus, a martyr and pope\nDionysius, a martyr and pope\nFelix, a martyr and pope\nClaudius, Emperor\nAurelius, emperor\nTacitus, emperor\nProbus, emperor\nCarus and his two sons, emperors\nDiocletian, emperor\nMaximian, emperor\nGaius, pope and martyr\nMarcellinus, a martyr and pope\nMarcellus, a martyr and pope\nEusebius, a martyr and pope\nMelchiades, a martyr and pope\nGalerius, emperor\nSilvester, pope\nConstantine, emperor\nSaints Nicholas\nAnastasius, bishop, and he made Queque vult salus esse\nMarcus, pope\nJulius, pope\nConstantinus, emperor\nLiberius, pope\nFelix, pope\nJulian, apostate emperor\nJovian, emperor\nValentinian, emperor\nDamasus, pope\nValens, emperor\nAugustinus, rhetorician and pope, Siricius\nTheodosius, emperor\nClaudiusPoeta\nEmperor Archadius, Honorius, Jerome the Doctor, Sanctus Heracides, John Chrysostom, Anastasius, Innocent I, Zosimus, Bonifacius, Celestinus, Theodosius, Sextus and Leo, Marcian and Valentinian, Vortigern, Vortimer, Aurelius Ambrosius, Uther Pendragon, Arthur, Constans, Adelbright, Edell, Curan, Conan, Cortyf, Gormond, Adelbricht, Sic and Elfride, Brecan all, Cadewan, Oswald, Oswy, Edwyn, Cadwallon, Cadwallader, Offa, Oswright, Aelle, Saints Edmund and Eddelf, Edred, Leo I, Leo, Hilarius, Simplicius, Zenon, Felix, Gelasius, Anastasius, Anastasius, Symmachus, Clodianus, king of France, Honorius, Justin I, Priscian, John, Felix IV, Justin II, Bonifacius.pope: Iohannes II, Agapitus, Silverius, Virgilius, Sinodus, Pelagius I, Iohannes III, Justin II, Tiberius II, Benedict I, Pelagius, Mauricius, Deus dedit, Bonifacius III, Bonifacius IV, Heraclius, Adrian I, Machimedes, Constantine III, Martin I, Eugenius I, Vitellianus, Adeodatus, Constantine IV, Demasus, Bonifacius, Agatho, Leo II, Sisinnius, Iustinian II, Zenon, Sergius, Bede, Leo III, Tiberius III, Leo IV, Iohannes VI, Iohannes VII, Iustinian II, Sisinus, Constantine, Philip II, Anastasius.the seconde Em\u2223perour\nGregorius the seconde pope\nTheodosius Emperour\nLeo and Constantyne Em\u2223perours\nGregorius the thyrde pope\nConstantinus Emperour\nzacharias pope\nStephanus the seco\u0304de pope\nPaulus a Romayne pope\nConstantyne ye seconde pope\nKarolus magnus\nStephanus the thyrde pope\nAdrianus pope\nLeo the fourth pope\nConstantinus Emperour\nNychoferus Emperour\nMichaell Emperour\nKarolus magnus the fyrste a saynt\nLeo pope\nLudoucius Emprour\nStephanus the fourth pope\nPaschall pope\nEugenius the fourth pope\nValentinus pope\nGregorius the fourth pope\nLotherius pope\nSergius the seconde pope\nLeo pope\nBenedict{us} Romayne pope\nLudouicus Emperour\nIohannes a woman pope\nNicholaus pope\nAdrianus pope\nMartynus pope\nAdryanus the .thyrde. pope\nStephanus the .v. pope\nKarolus the thyrde Empe\u2223rour\nArnulphus Emperour\nFormosus pope\nBonyfacyus pope\nStephanus the .vi. pope\nIohannes the .ix. & .x. popes\nTheodorus pope\nIohannes the .xi\u00b7 pope\nBenedictus the fourth pope\nLeo pope\nLudouicus the thyrde Em\u2223perour\nBeryngaryus & ConradusEmperors:\nEdward, king of England.\nSergius, the third pope.\nAnastasius, pope.\nLaudus and Johannes, popes.\nHenry, Emperor.\nAthelstan, king of England.\nEdmund, king of England.\nEdred, king of England.\nEdwy, king of England.\nLeo, the fifth pope.\nStephanus, the seventh and eighth popes.\nMartinus, the third pope.\nAgapitus, pope.\nJohn, the twelfth pope.\nEdgar, king of England.\nBeringar, the third Emperor.\nLothair, Emperor.\nBeringarius, the fourth Emperor.\nLeo, the eighth pope.\nJohn, the fifteenth and sixteenth popes.\nBoniface, pope.\nBoniface, pope.\nBenedict, pope.\nJohn, the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth popes.\nGregory, the fifth pope.\nOtto, the third Emperor.\nSilvester II, pope.\nJohn, the eighteenth and nineteenth popes.\nHenry, the first Emperor.\nBenedict, pope.\nJohn, the twentieth pope.\nKnut, king of England.\nEdmund Ironside, king of England.\nKnut, king of England.Benedict IX, Pope\nConrad, Emperor of England\nHarold, King of England\nHardeknut, King of England\nThe villany that Danes did to the English\nBodewin, the false traitor\nAlfred, Martyr\nSilvester III, Pope\nDamasus II, Pope\nEdward, King of England and confessor\nVictor II, Pope\nHenry II, Emperor\nStephan, Pope\nNicholas II, Pope\nAlexander II, Pope\nHenry I, King of England\nWilliam the Conqueror\nGregory VII, Pope\nVictor III, Pope\nUrban II, Pope\nWilliam Rufus, King of England\nHenry IV, Emperor\nGelasius II, Pope\nCelestine II, Pope\nLucius II, Pope\nEugenius III, Pope\nPeter Lombard, Bishop\nPeter Comestor\nFrederick I, Emperor\nAnastasius II, Pope\nHenry II, King of England\nAdrian IV\n\nNote: This text appears to be a list of popes and kings of England, with some missing names. It is written in Old English orthography, which has been partially modernized in this transcription. However, there are still some errors and inconsistencies, such as missing vowels and incorrect letter combinations. I have corrected some of these errors to improve readability, but I have tried to remain faithful to the original text as much as possible. Some names are also written with alternate spellings, which I have left as is to preserve the original text. Overall, the text is mostly legible, but it may still contain some errors or inconsistencies.Alexander III, Lucius III, Urban III, Gregory VII, Clement III, Richard I of England, Henry V, Celestine III, Innocent III, William of Paris, Francis of Assisi, John I of England, Frederick II, Honorius III, Henry III of England, Gregory IX, Celestine IV, Innocent IV, Thomas Aquinas, Albertus Magnus, Eustace, Bonaventure, Alexander and Urban IV, Richard Emperor, Clement IV, Gregory X, Innocent V, Adrian V, John XXI, Nicholas III, Radulf I, Martin IV, Nicholas of Lyra, Honorius IV, Nicholas IV, Edward I of England, Celestine V, Boniface VIII, Adolph of Nassau, Albert of Habsburg, Clement V, John XXII, Henry VI.Emperor Edward II of England, Ludwig Emperor, John Mundeville, doctor of physics and knight, Benedict pope, Edward III of England, Clement VI pope, Charles IV Emperor, Innocent VI pope, Urban V pope, Gregory XI pope, Wenceslaus Emperor, Urban V pope, Boniface IX pope, Richard II of England, Innocent VII pope, Robert Emperor, John XXIII pope, Sigismund Emperor, Henry IV of England, Martin V pope, Eugenius pope, Henry V of England, Felix V pope, Albert Emperor, Frederick III Emperor, Nicholas V pope, Henry VI of England, Calixtus III pope, Printers of books, Pius II pope, Paul II, Sixtus IV pope\n\nDescription of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland / In the later end of this present Chronicles.\n\nThe description of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland concludes this Chronicle.\n\nIN SO MUCH that it is necessary to all creatures of the cry [year] of the reign of the king.Edward the Fourth, so that all may know the acts of our noble kings of England, is compiled in this book, and moreover translated from Latin into English, from the beginning of the world, the lineage of Christ, from Adam until it comes to David, and from David the kings of Israel and of the Jews, the high bishops, with the judges and prophets. The four principal realms of the world, that is, of Babylon, Perse, Greece, and Rome, and all the emperors of Rome or popes, in order, and their names. And here are rehearsed the names of the Authors, from whom these Chronicles are most translated: Geoffrey of Monmouth, in his book of Brut; Bede, in the acts of England; Wulfstan of Malmesbury, in the acts of the kings of England and bishops; Cassiodorus.Saynt Austyn de ci\u2223dei. Titus Liuius de gestis Romano{rum}. Mar\u2223tyn Penytencyary to ye pope in his cronycles of Emperours & bysshops. And namely Theo\u00a6bald{us} Cartusiene progresse of all notable faders from ye begyn\u2223nynge of the worlde vnto our tyme with ye no\u00a6table actes of the same. \u00b6In thys newe tra\u0304s\u00a6lacyon are co\u0304tayned many notable & maruay\u00a6lous thynges. And those ben alledged by auc\u2223toryte of many famous clerkes. And that eue\u2223ry man may knowe how these Cronycles ben ordred\u25aa ye shall vnderstande / that this boke is deuyded in .vii. partes. Of the whiche ye fyrst parte contayned from Adam tyll Brue comyn\u00a6ge of Sae comynge of ye Normans. The seue\u0304th parte fro the Nor\u00a6ma\u0304s / vnto our tyme. whiche is vnder ye regne of Edwarde the fourth .xxiii. yere / whoos no\u2223ble cronycles by custome maye not e moost & necessary actes of all ye kynges of Englo\u0304de & theyr names wryten abo\u00a6ue in ye margene / that euery man maye fynde them sone. And afore the kynge of Englondes actes ben wryten / there is wryten ye lygnage ofThe text speaks of the time from Adam to Christ's birth, including the presence of the high bishop and the Jewish world, as well as the length of time following Christ's nativity. The order of this book and the topics discussed are as follows:\n\nFor those desiring extensive knowledge of these chronicles or any others, it is essential to understand six things. The first is the states of affairs, which are divided into two. The first is from the beginning of the world to Christ's birth, known as the state of Division. The second is from Christ to the end of the world, called the state of Reconciliation.\n\nThe second thing is the division of time, which consists of three parts. The first is before Moses' law, the second is under Moses' law, and the third is under grace after Christ's death.\n\nThe third is the governance of kingdoms. It is important to note that although there were four principal\n\n(end of text)The kingdoms: that is, of Babylon, Persia, Greeks, and Romans. However, as for the course of the world and the order of holy scripture, the first governing was under fathers, from Adam to Moses. The second was under judges, from Moses to Saul. The third was under kings, from Saul to Zorobabel. The fourth was under bishops, from Zorobabel to Christ.\n\nThe fourth is the diversity of laws, and these were five. The first was the law of nature, common to all men. The second was the law or custom of gentiles, when under King Nimrod the people began to worship false gods. The third was under the written law of the Jews, which distinguished the Jews from other people through circumcision. The fourth was under Christ, which arose for Christian men, through faith and the grace of the sacraments, informing the life of men. The fifth arose under Muhammad, that of Saracens and Turks.\n\nThe fifth is the nobleness or unnobleness in deeds. And as for these, it is to know that there are seven.persons are remembered in history for a prince in his realm, a knight in battle, a judge in his place, a bishop in the clergy, a pious man in the people, an husbandman in the house, and an abbot in his church. And of these are written many times the praises of good men and the punishments of cursed men.\n\nThe sixth is the true counting of the years, and it is to be known that there were eight manner of numbering or counting of the years. Three after the Hebrews. Three after the Greeks. One after the Romans. And one now after the Christian men.\n\nThe Hebrews begin their year in three ways. After the Hebrews, the year is the one that begins at January, which they call Ionian and Roman, and the legal year beginning in March, which they use in their ceremonies. And the year emergent from May begins when they went from Egypt. They use these in their chronicles and records.The Greeks count their years in three ways. First, they count from the destruction of Troy: the first, second, third, fourth, and so on. Second, after the beginning of chivalry at the hill of Olympus, they noted years after the same Olympiads. You will learn what Olympiads are in the book. The third, when they began to have lordship over the whole world, they noted their years in the following manner: In the year of Greek reign, the fourth, the tenth, the fifteenth, and so on, as it is open in the book of Maccabees. Then, after the Romans governed the world, they counted and numbered their years (ab urbe condita). Lastly, Christian men count their years from the Incarnation of Christ. Since we are Christian men, we mostly number from the beginning of the world to Christ's birth. From Christ's birth to our time. And this order is observed and kept in all the books, of every thing in its place.The beginning of all times is described below. According to doctors, there were four things created first and at the same time: the heavenly empire, angels, the material of the four elements, and time. Doctors call this the work of creation, which was made before any day or night by the mighty power of God from nothing.\n\nThen follows the work of division, which was made on the third day and reveals the high wisdom of the maker. Afterward, the arrangement of this work is shown, which demonstrates the goodness of the creature, made on the third day following (to make it clear in thee from the darkness).\n\nThe second day, God made and ordained the firmament, and separated the water from the water.\n\nThe third day, God made...The fifth day, God made one place for the waters: the sea and the stars, which He put in the firmament. The fifth day, God created: in which He ordered fish and birds, and great whales in the water. The sixth day, God ordained: in which He made beast and man. The seventh day, God made:\n\nIt is known / that Adam, the first man, lived for 930 years in this first age, and he had 32 sons and as many daughters.\n\nIn the first year of the world, on the sixth day, God created Adam in the field. They were forbidden to eat from the fruit of life under the threat of death. And on the very day they had sinned, He cast them out of paradise into the land of curse, where they would live with toil and sorrow until they died. (See Genesis 1-3)\n\nThis Adam was a holy man throughout all the days of his life, and great sorrow daily afflicted him.And he commanded his children to live righteously. Specifically, they should avoid the company of Cain and his children, and should not marry any of them. This is the first father we had. He expelled us from paradise for one sin, but through his holy conversions and penance, he gave us an example to reach the kingdom of heaven. He who will not follow his holy example for one sin righteously cannot enter there, as we do many.\n\nSeth was born to Adam after the beginning of the world, around 2000 years, and lived for 912 years. Moses recorded more than a hundred of these events, during which Abel wept in the valley of Hebron near Ebro. This Seth was the first high priest of God, after Austin established the city of God. And because he was righteous, our Lord received his offering.\n\nCain's sister and wife was Calmana. Cain was a cursed man, and he made the first...The city that ever was in this world, which he placed his people in for fear, was the one in which he used carrying and violence. For he trusted such things to be done to him as he did to others; therefore he put himself and his people in a dangerous place. This man slew his brother Abel out of envy; and he was punished by God and wandered in despair. And after was slain by Lamath the blind man.\n\nEnos, of the line of Christ, lived 930 years and 5. This Enos began to call upon the name of the Lord. It might happen that some words of prayer were found, or images for God to be worshipped, as now is in the church.\n\nChanan lived after 930 years and 10.\n\nMalaleel, of the line of Christ, lived 855 years 70. They shall go forth for the comfort of good men, and they shall be crowned with the crown of martyrdom.\n\nMethusaleh, of Christ's line, lived 969 years. This Methusaleh was the oldest man that any scriptures have in mind. If he had lived nearly five hundred years more:Our lord said to him, \"Build an house and thou wilt,\" and he replied, \"For so little a time as five hundred years, I will build no house, but I will rest under trees and hedges, and there sleep, as I am accustomed to do for a time.\"\n\nLamech was seven hundred and seventy-five. This Lamech was the first to defy nature and decree that a man might have two wives for his lust. He was severely punished by them, for they gave him much grief. For it is so that by what a man sees, by the same he is punished. This Lamech did not kill Cain willfully. But when he was old and blind, he was led by a child who claimed to have seen a wild beast and said to his master, \"You should shoot,\" and he killed Cain. Therefore he beat the child so severely that the child also died.\n\nIt is to be known that all crafts or sciences, liberal or handicrafts, or serving to the curiosity of man, were fostered by the children ofLameth and they feared the peril of the flood and the fire, therefore Tubal carved the same craft into two pillars. One was of marble, the other of the finest graver that ever was found. Iabe found the craft first to weave linen and wool cloth, and to draw threaded wool and flex. And before that time, the people used the skins of beasts for their clothes.\n\nThe ship of Noah was three hundred cubits long, one cubit broad, and in all its entirety, the earth was washed and cleansed in sign of the promise that God made to him that there should never be such a flood again.\n\nThe Rainbow has two principal colors which represent the two judgments. The water color represents the flood that has passed, the fire color signifies the judgment to come, and fire, by which we certainly call fire cleansed.\n\nThis Noah was a righteous man and found grace in God's sight. When Noah was five hundred years old, he had three sons: Shem, Ham, and Japheth.The command of God began to build a ship. He completed it in one and a half years. And in the fifteenth year, our Lord God appeared to him again and commanded him that he, his wife, his children, and the wives of his children should enter the ship with all manner of beasts and all manner of birds. And the flood came and stood above all hills fifteen cubits high. [After the flood, a great drunkenness came upon Noah. And because of this drunkenness, he blessed his two sons: Shem and Japheth. He blessed Shem and Japheth for their honor and respect they showed him and for their modest covering of their father's nakedness when he was sleeping. But he cursed Cham for his disrespect and lack of reverence.] And afterwards, St. Augustine is first mentioned in relation to morality and nobility contrary to it. For Noah said that Cham should serve in bondage to Shem and Japheth for his lack of reverence. However, do not believe that all who descended from Cham were base and powerless.For they began first to be mighty men of the earth. As it is written of Nimrod and the king of Canaan and Asheroth. Not all of Sem and Iaphet were virtuous and noble and mighty towards me, for almost every one fell into the crime of idolatry and were often oppressed by others. But this blessing and this cursing have a respect to virtue and vice, for he who is virtuous is a noble man and he who is unvirtuous is not noble. The same manner of people who followed the faith of Abraham were called his children rather than the Jews, who carnally descended from him. Nevertheless, they had a spiritual privilege of God, for the father's merits and his blessing. And these three sons of Noah, Shem, Ham, and Japheth, were alive after your story of Philo. Sem's son to Noah was Shem, the second year after the flood, and Arphaxad. And sometimes he is called Melchizedek. The first after the flood made the city of Salem, which is now called Jerusalem. Cham his brother opened Africa.Chus and Mesrayam had two sons: Cush and Nimrod. And the lands of these two sons and their daughters were numerous and many of them were unknown to us. For they inhabited the eastern regions. Iaphet, the brother of Cush, was blessed by his father, and this Iaphet had seven sons: Gomor, Magog, Maday, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Iras. And from these seven sons and daughters came many lands (See the tour of Babylon; for Nimrod therefore was driven into the land of Shinar, which was strange to him and had not been inhabited before. This land was called after his name Assyria. And there he established and built a city afterward named Nineveh, which was the metropolis of all the kingdom of Assyria.\n\nCush, the son of Cham, was the father of Nimrod. This Nimrod was a giant, ten cubits long, and he began to be mighty in the world and is called a boisterous hunter before God. This man began the wretched vice of covetousness through his tyranny.After this world is fulfilled, and the principalest kingdom that he had was Babylon. He also had Achaea, Edessa, Selencia, and the land of Sennaar. Sale soon lived for 400 and 33 years. And of him in scripture is written nothing but that Moses named him in the line that comes from Christ. This Sale was a man named Heber, who, among the Hebrews, had the spirit of prophecy. And from this Heber, the Hebrews are named. For the Hebrew language was the only one spoken in his house in the confusion of the language, which was called the language of mankind before the tower of Babel was built. This Heber had two sons: one was called Iectan, who took the principality upon the children of Sem. He had 13 sons. But these people, after Jeremia, are not known to us, either because of the confusion of the genealogy or because of the scarcity of records.\n\nPhaleg lived for 200 and 39 years. This Phaleg was the younger son of Heber, and in his days was:made the confusion of languages, for in his house, the old tongue was Hebrew. Therefore, after St. Augustine, in him a great steadfastness of right wisdom was apparent. For this house was free of that pain, as not costing for the building of the tower. (E field of Sennaar, dreading you, shall reach to heaven &c. Gen. xii. Our lord saw the folly of the people. Marvelously, for the pain of their sin, he confused the tongue of them all. And so they were dispersed and astonished by all the world.\n\nOf the malice of these Nimrod books are written fully. And after the confusion of the language, he went to the land of Parthes, and there he instituted and taught them to worship the fire as god. He left his son Belus in Babylon, whose kingdom Belus ruled until the time of many a year after.\n\nIn this time, many kingdoms began. And the most of those kingdoms was the kingdom of Scythia. But there were so many rude and boisterous people in it.In this city, there was never revered a people. It was a strong and mighty region of distance. Around this time, the kingdom of Egypt began, which frequently underwent various and numerous changes. This is mentioned in many scripts.\n\nNobility or gentlemen emerged about this said time. And this nobility or gentlemen was established for many reasons.\n\nThe first reason was necessity. Since making a living drew hard and men were prompt and ready to do evil, it was very necessary to withstand the great malice of the cursed people against good men. A man is called a gentleman or a nobleman, as before others, in nothing else but that they are bound in a creed-like necessity to not depart from virtue and the gentleness of their noble ancestors.\n\nJerome says, \"I see nothing else in nobility or gentlemen but that they are bound by a creed-like necessity not to depart from virtue and the gentleness of their noble ancestors.\"\n\nThe second reason was the diverse worshipping of the people. For no one worshipped then but as their natural reason gave. And theyThey did not know rightly what they should worship, though they lived peaceably among themselves. For they were so dull-witted that they could not comprehend great things, but this was published by the common people. Therefore, it was expedient for their peace that they should have princes of noble birth.\n\nThe third cause proceeded from some singular strength. Many times the commons were grieved through enemies coming upon them. And then they said that whoever would defend and keep them from these perils, he should have the right of nobleness for himself and his heirs forever. In this manner, many were raised to be noble men.\n\nThe fourth cause of nobleness was great abundance of goods. Sometimes the people we held in great poverty of food and drink. And then they took them and theirs to some rich man, through that covenant, they were destroyed at once. And some remained in stability, as pagans might.\n\nSarah literally descended from our forefather Adam to Abraham and Nahor.And around this time idolatry began to increase greatly. And if you recall and look at the histories, you will find that there were three primary reasons that led men to the sin of idolatry. To understand, the reasons were fear and flattery against their princes, and the diligence of artists and craftsmen in creating statues or carvings. Wicked spirits then entered into the idols and gave answers to the people. These wicked spirits confirmed the error of the people mightily. In fact, any person whatsoever who would not conform to reason would suffer the pain of death. Additionally, there was added and put to these things the deceitful law and praising of Poets, who also damned men into heaven with all their gay surrounding writings exalted. And at this same time, when devils began to speak so fairly and so gently to man, the good Lord of his mercy.King Belus, the abundant and great one, sent his angels, urging them to speak to his elected men in visible form, lest all mankind perish with this deceptive error.\n\nBelus was the first king of Babylon during this time. He was the man whom the people first believed should be a god, and therefore, they named him variously. Some called him Bel, some Baal, some Baalim, some Beelphegor, and some Belphegor. This unfortunate error persisted in mankind for more than two millennia.\n\nNinus succeeded Belus as the second king of Babylon, ruling for 33 years. Desiring lordship and worship, he engaged in battle with those living near him. Since the people were uncivilized and lacked the coming of age and armor at that time, Ninus easily subdued them all and established the first monarchy in the eastern region. When his rule began:\n\n(Note: The text seems to be in good condition and does not require extensive cleaning. However, I have corrected some minor spelling errors and added some modern punctuation for clarity.)Her heart was sorrowful for the death of his father Belus. He had an image made for his comfort of his father to whom he gave such mighty reverence that whatever guilty man had fled to that image, no man should do him any harm, and he pardoned him for all his transgressions. Through his example, many men began to worship the image of their dear friends. Then these mischievous spirits, seeing the curiosity of the people, hid within them and gave answers to the people, claiming they were goddesses. Thus, that unhappy sin of idolatry was brought in, which greatly opposed God's majesty. And this madness grew so much that they said, \"We are men but gods.\"\n\nThere was a son of Nahor who lived two and a half centuries and five years. After the death of Aram, he went from Ur of the Caldeans and passed into Charan with his children and his household. It is said that because he would not worship them, these gods inflicted the pain of death upon him.Here begins the devout and holy story of the holy patriarchs who worshiped the true God. This occurred in the reign of Ninus, king of Babylon, in the 72nd year, and in the 120th year of Abraham. The word of mercy descended upon mankind, for God appeared as the oracle of His promise.\n\nDepiction of Abraham\n\nAs Abraham was an uncle, and for this reason, Abraham struck down four kings. Two of them are mentioned here as Amraphel and Arioch (Genesis xiv. 1-9, xiv. 2-3). Abraham had many wives, including Sarah and Hagar. His children and brothers also had many children. But for us who write chronicles, it is not necessary to speak of all men, but of these noble fathers.\n\nThe third king of Babylon ordered an army and went into India, thereby expanding the kingdom of Assyria. He greatly fortified Babylon and built walls around it.Semiramis had a wife whom her husband forsake. She was killed by her son Ninus, because she provoked him to unlawful desire (Diocles Ausonius viii.dcci. deis.). The master of her stories says that she married her own son and he appointed him ruler of Babylon.\n\nNinus, the fourth king of Babylon, was the son of great Ninus. Little is written about this man, except that he killed his own mother, as was said before.\n\nArrius was the fifth king of Babylon. Under him, Isaac was born. Isaac, son of Abraham and the line of Christ, lived for 180 years. He had a wife named Rebecca and had two sons, Esau and Jacob. Esau sold his birthright to his brother Jacob. He was the father of the Edomites and had possession of the hill of Seir. He first put mares to asses, producing mules.\n\nAbout this time, thirty lord ships and Gomorrah were destroyed for their horrible sin. The wife of Lot, looking back, was turned into a pillar of salt.I. Jacob lived for 47 years. This Jacob had four wives or concubines, to wit: Leah, Zelpha, and Rachel. Leah was the first wife, and she was fertile and bore Jacob two sons: Dan and Nephtali. Rachel was the second wife to Jacob and bore him two sons: Joseph and Benjamin. Zelpha served Rachel and bore Jacob two sons: Gad and Asher. And every one of these made a tribe; of whom in this place it is not necessary to speak (see plural genitive).\n\nII. Joseph, the son of Jacob, was born in the year 700 of his father's age, and he lived for 110 years.\n\nIII. During this time, Jehoiakim was king of Babylon, under whom Jacob lived and was the seventh king of Babylon.\n\nIV. After him, Amon was king. And after Saint Austin's time, our Lord appeared to Isaac, promising him those things which He had promised to his father.\n\nV. Belshazzar.A king of Babylon ruled after this man. And under Belshazzar, or in this time, our Lord spoke with Jacob, promising him the possession of the land of promise and Canaan, and the blessing of all the people in his seed, which is our Lord Jesus Christ. Abraham died around this time and was buried in Hebron. Inachus was the first king ever in Greece, as the kingdom began. Phoromius was the king after him, and he established laws for the Greeks. Ivdas, son of Jacob, died and from the tribe of Judas came the lineage of the kings, and ultimately Christ. Phares and Esron were men of this lineage, but little is written about them, but Matthias refers to them. Belshazzar was king of Assyria or Babylon during the days of Pares. He was the tenth king under whom Isaac died. Atlas, the great astronomer, was also this man who is said to have held up heaven on his shoulders, for the very knowledge of the stars. Sarapis.Argus was the third king of Argos or Greece, and this Sarapis was called otherwise Apis. He came into Egypt with a mighty navy and there deceased, and was made the greatest god among the Egyptians by the blind natives. And at that time began a marvelous superstition in idolatry of a calf of two colors, which they called Apis. This calf died, and the devils procured a like calf to be made to deceive the rude people. After that, the children of Israel did the same. Argus was the fourth king of Greece, after whom the noble city of Argos took its name. Ceres impregnated Athena in Greece, and this one died, Isaac. Pharaoh was king of Egypt, who received Joseph and exalted him for the interpretation of his dreams (see the most excellent science and history. Genesis xlii &c). Amithus was the twelfth king of Babylon, under whom Joseph the blessed man died. Pharaoh received Joseph and exalted him for the interpretation of his dreams (see the most excellent science and history. Genesis xlii &c). Amithus was the twelfth king of Babylon, under whom Joseph died.Pharaoh Emnesu, around the time of Joseph's days, was king of Egypt, and this Pharaoh did not know Joseph or his lineage. He commanded the children of Israel to be drowned; the clerks may look that book and we will look to chronicles. Around this time, the story of Exodus began.\n\nAram, son of Esrom, from the line of Christ, was born about this time and took Aminadab as his son. Naason is little written about in scripture, so I proceed to other matters.\n\nJob, that holy man, was born around this time from the line of Nahor, Abraham's brother. He lived many years: and after God had tested him and had afflicted his patience, he lived 137 years.\n\nMoses was born around this time, and the children of Israel were in great tribulation and bondage. Moses was put in the water to be drowned.\n\nAron was born around this time. Darius was king of Babylon and was the fourteen king, and Moses was born under him in Egypt.Cyrops was the first king of Athens. In that time, Amynadab, the son of Crystes, appeared. This Amynadab, after Moses, entered the reed sea with full faith. He did not fear when many hundreds were afraid they would be drowned, and therefore he was worthy to bring forth the lineage of the kings from whom descended our Lord Jesus Christ. Moses was the first of Israel and he was a judge for forty years. This Moses was the most excellent prophet that God ever made and the most notable writer of stories, and of his loving heaven and earth he spoke. For he saw Almighty God face to face, which in this frail life was never seen but of him and Paul the apostle. Aaron, the first bishop, lived for 230 years. This Aaron was called by God into the dignity of the high priesthood or of a bishop and was ordained the eternal testimony for himself and for all who came after him because of the great power of the priesthood. He was 230 years old.In the year of Ages / he passed away and was buried in the hill of Hor. His son Heleazarus succeeded him in the bishopric. Pharaoh Bocchus was king of Egypt at that time / and this Pharaoh refused to heed God's commandment / nor release the children of Israel / therefore he was punished with ten plagues (Ut patres Exodus) And after he and his entire host were drowned in the Red Sea. Nasen, son of Amminadab, was prince of the tribe of Judah in the desert / and around this time, the law of God was given on Mount Sinai / and the book of Leviticus was written / and another book was called Numbers / and the tabernacle was ordained. The book of Deuteronomy was made. Balaam was a prophet and was slain. Salmon, of the line of Christ, was present at that time / and his wife's name was Rahab. Moses died around this time / the waters of the Jordan were dry. Jericho was taken / and Joshua, the second judge of Israel, stood in the impenetrable firmament (Historia lib. Iosue incipit. et Judicum). Joshua, the second judge of Israel, was a mighty man in battle / and the first.In the desert, he overcame Amalek, and after Moses, he was ordained as judge of Israel, whose battles and religious life you may see in the book of Joshua. Eleazar was the second bishop, and he and Joshua divided the land of promise among the children of Israel. Of him, the bishops were descended, with a few exceptions, down to Christ.\n\nOthniel of the tribe of Judah was the third judge. He delivered the children of Israel from the oppression of the realm of Mesopotamia, which he overcame in battle. This man took Ahinoam as his wife, who asked for the upper and lower lands around her father's house Calephtah (Utterly in Judges 1.13).\n\nIbzan was the fourth judge of Israel. He subdued Eglon, king of Moab, and delivered the children of Israel. This was a mighty man in battle: he used the one as well as the other for his right hand.\n\nAbout this time, the king of Italy began. And many times their names have been changed: of which progeny of the Romans, more clearly is shown.\n\nIbzan first became king.of Italy: After the ward of the rude Getules, he was worshiped as a god, and they feigned him to have two faces. For they worshipped his face at the beginning of the year, as he was the end of the last year and the beginning of the first. And of him, you mouth of January has his name. Amictus was the eighth king of Babylon under whom Joshua died.\n\nBoos, son of Salmon, of the line of Christ, was alive at this time: but little is written about him, except for Maec Genology. As doctors say, there was a skywriting of names between Boos and Obeth. For between them were about 252 years, which time to one man cannot be referred, and therefore many things are spoken of or until I come to the line of Christ again. Nicholas de Lyra says that such three Boos were before another.\n\nSagar was the fifth Judge of Israel, but he lived no years.\n\nDolbara was the sixth Judge, this Dolbara was a woman, and for the grace of her prophecy, she was given honor that she Judged Israel. She, by the command of god, called herself.Baruch went to fight against the enemies of Israel, and the children of Israel gained victory against Iabin, the king of Chanaan, and Cizaram, the prince of his army. Phenices was a young man who, for God's sake, slew many lecherous men. Therefore, the Lord was pleased with him.\n\nSaturn was king at that time, the second in that line. Saturn, who was said to come from the land of Crete into Italy, was considered by the idolaters to be no man but a god. They said that he ruled over them as their king. He taught men to plow their fields. The Romans were called Saturnians after Saturn.\n\nPicus was Saturn's son. He was king in Italy before Picus, and after his death, he was worshipped by the Getulians as a god.\n\nGideon was the seventh judge of Israel at that time. Gideon subdued four kings: Oreb and Zeeb.\n\nBocci was bishop in Israel then. Abimalech.I. Jesse, the eighth judge in Israel, was not a natural son of Gideon. He took the princedom of Israel deceitfully and slew seventy of his brothers. Therefore, he ended his life tragically (Ut pulverem Iudicum). II. Tola was the ninth judge in Israel. He ruled according to the old governance of Judges, by direction and counsel more than by dominion. Boccus was bishop around this time, but little is written about him. III. Jair, the tenth judge of Israel, had thirty sons whom he made princes of thirty cities. And because they were good men and ruled to the pleasure of God, during the days of these two men, Israel drew near to the Lord. And therefore, all things came and were in prosperity and wealth.\n\nFanus was the fourth king in Italy and king of Latium. Latinus was king in Italy after Fanus, and from this Latinus, the kingdom of Latium was named. Carmentis, daughter of Evander, founded Latin letters for the first time. Tauranus was king of Babylon around this time.Under this king of Assyria, Troy was first destroyed. The occasion for the battle of Troy began when King Lycomes of Troy refused to honor Hercules and Jason properly, despite their small transgression. Sibyl, the Delphic prophetess, foretold the following: mighty battles and most fearful misfortunes (see the history of Troy). Hercules and Jason destroyed Ilium or Troy, which was soon rebuilt by Priam's son. This Hercules performed many marvelous deeds and engaged in numerous battles. Numerous false stories were fabricated about him. In the end, when he had overcome many people, he was severely wounded in war. Unable to endure the pain of his wound, he took his own life. After his death, he was worshipped among the Gentiles as a god.\n\nAfter the death of I Jude of Israel, the people added new sins to their old ones.And our lord took them into the power of the Philistines and to the children of Ammon for eighteen years. They were greatly oppressed, and then they cried to our lord. Rephah was seen with almighty God, fighting against Amon and the sedious people of the hill of Ephraim. And for an unwise decision he saw, he died through God's providence. The priesthood was passed to the line of Ithamar around the year C and XX. In this line, he was the first high priest. And Abijah, the eleventh child of Israel, was quiet. Therefore, nothing notable happened in these days. Abdon, the fourteenth judge, governed in Israel for eight years. Around this time, the history of Ruth was written. At this time, Usarechus, king of Assyria, bought back his city marvelously strong. He began battle with the Greeks for his own hurt. And he had a son, named Hector, a noble and wise son by his wife Hecuba. This man was faithful, unbeatable in strength and nobility.Priamus had another son named Paris, who took Helena, Menelaus' wife, away from me (Neleus), the king. Agamemnon, Menelaus' brother and leader of all the Greek host, fought against Troy and in the end falsely won the city, bringing great shame and disgrace to the Greeks. For it could truly be called an unfortunate battle, as no man gave loving support to the Greeks but instead reported shame.\n\nEneas was king of Italy for three years. After Troy was destroyed by the Greeks who came into Italy with twenty ships and engaged in mighty battles there, this man married Priam's daughter, Helenus. He was deified by the error of the common people, and from this man came Julius Caesar and Octavian Augustus.\n\nUlysses, an eloquent man among all the Greeks, after facing many perils at sea, returned home to his Penelope. She was the most faithful and the most chaste woman ever read about, and the Greeks pitied wretchedly after this.Had destroyed Troy, both on water and land, as they sailed homeward afterwards. And that was the principal date of their writing after that victory. For they wrote their histories and other writings (around the first or second year, post Troia capta). And that was the third year of Abdon Iude of Israel.\n\nObeth of Christ's line succeeded Boosis in Ma. Sampson, the fifteenth judge, reigned twenty years. This Sampson was the strongest man who ever was, and he delivered Israel from the Philistines. From his marvelous strength, men believed he was Hercules (and Judges 13 and 15 describe his wonders).\n\nIssachar, son of Obeth of the line of Christ, otherwise called Ishai, lived at this time as a notable man of integrity. No king of the line of Aran, who was the first bishop of God elected, lasted longer than this lineage. In this lineage, Eli was the first bishop, and Abiathar the last (See the records of several kings).\n\nAt this time, Saul was king in Israel after Samuel.This is the history of/and Josephus in his eighth book. Saul was the first king in Israel, reigning for twenty years. He was a good and elect man of God, but later wretchedly he failed, and he was killed and his three sons on the hills of Gilboa. In the time of Saul, Samuel was judge and prophet in Israel, an holy man, and born of a barren mother many days. He ministered before the Lord from a child to his old age. He was not a high bishop, but he judged Israel all the days of his life and was the very prophet of God. He anointed two kings: Saul first, and after David. This Samuel and Moses are read. They prayed for their enemies in all the old testament. Of Samuel and Saul there are various opinions.\n\nIsidor says that Samuel and Saul ruled Israel for forty years. And Josephus in his eighth book, and Master in his stories, says that Samuel was judge for twelve years alone, and after him Saul reigned for twenty years (Plura see first book).\n\nAscanius, the seventh king of Italy, was the son of Aeneas.In ancient times, King Alboin of Albano built the city. This was during the reign of Silius, the eighth king of Italy, who was the father of Brutus, later known as Brutus of Britain. I shall leave the kings of Italy aside for now, as they accomplished little of note until Romulus and Remus built Rome. Then, these kings will return and take their place in the chronicles of England, for which this book was written.\n\nVenice and Padua were built around this time by the remnants of Troy.\n\nBefore I speak of Brutus, it will be shown how the land of England was first named Albion and by what enchantment it was so named.\n\nOf the noble land of Britain, there was a royal and mighty king, renowned as Dyoclesia, who ruled wisely and valiantly through his noble knights. He conquered all the lands around him, so thatAlmost all the kings of the world attended him. It happened that this Dioclesia gave birth to a very fair damsel, who was his uncle's daughter Labana. She loved him as reason would, so he took her as his wife. And from her, he had thirty-three daughters, the eldest of whom was named Abin. When they came of age, these damsels became so fair that it was wonderful how Dioclesian immediately commanded all the kings who were subject to him to come to a certain day, as was contained in his letters, to make a grand feast. At that day they came, bringing with them Admirals, princes, and dukes, and noble knights. The feast was grandly arranged, and there they lived in joy and merriment enough to wonder at. And it happened that Dioclesian intended to marry his daughters among all the kings who were present at this solemnity.\n\nAnd so they spoke and did that Albine, his eldest daughter, and all her sisters were richly married.And the thirty-third kings, who were lords of great honor and power at this ceremony, brought their wives and made them queens. It came to pass that this Dame Albine grew so bold and stern that she demanded little respect from her lord and scorned and despised him, refusing to do his will but insisting on her own. And all her other sisters behaved similarly against their lords, which was a wonder to behold. And since they believed that their husbands were not of such high lineage as they, these kings, their lords, sought to chastise them with fair manners and love and friendship, in order that they might amend their willful conditions. But all was in vain, for they did their own will in all things that pleased them and possessed great power. Therefore, these thirty-three kings, on occasion, beat their wives. They did so because they feared that\n\n(Note: The text appears to be incomplete and may contain errors due to OCR processing. The above text is a best-effort attempt to clean the text while preserving the original meaning as much as possible.)they wolde amende theyr tatches. And theyr wyckednesse. But of suche condycyons they were / that for fayre speche & warnynge / they dyd all ye wors / & for betynges ofte tymes moche the wors. Wherfore the kynge that had wedded Albine wrote the tatches and condy\u2223cyons of his wyfe Albine / and sente the lettre to Dyoclesyan his fader. And whan the other kynges herde that Albines lorde hadde sente a lettre to Dyoclesyan. anone they sente letters sealed with theyr seales the condycyons & tat\u2223ches of theyr wyues. whan the kynge Dyocle\u2223syan sawe & herde so many playntes of his dou\u00a6ghters. He was sore ashamed e kynge our fader vs hath reproued shame and dyspysed / for bycause to make vs obedyen\nvnto our husbondes. But certes that shall I neuer whyles that I lyue / sythe that I am co\u2223me of a more hygher kyng{is} bloode than myn husbonde. And whan she had thus sayde / alle her systers sayd the same. And the\u0304 sayd Albine well I wote fayre systers that our husbondes haue co\u0304playned vnto our fader vpo\u0304 vs wher\u00a6fore heAnd so, on this night, when our husbands are in bed, all the women with one accord propose that we cut their throats. This seems wiser to us, under our father's power, than elsewhere. And at once, all the ladies agreed and granted this counsel. When night had come, the lords and ladies retired to their beds. And as soon as their husbands were asleep, they cut their throats. When their father, Dioclesian, learned of this, he became furiously angry against his daughters and wished to burn them all. But the barons and lords of the realm did not act so harshly towards their own daughters, but only banished them from the land forever, so that they should never return. And Dioclesian, their father, immediately commanded them to board a ship and delivered provisions for their journey for half a [coin].And when this was done, all the sisters went into the ship and sailed forth into the sea, and dedicated all their friends to Apollo, who was their god. They sailed in the sea until at last they came and arrived on an island that was all wilderness. And when Dame Albion came to that land and all her sisters, Albion went forth first from the ship and said to her other sisters: \"For as much as I am the eldest sister of this company, and my name is Albion, I will that this land be called Albion, after my own name.\" And all her sisters granted this to her with good will. Then all the sisters of the ship went ashore and took the land that Albion called Albion. And there they went up and down, and found neither man, woman, nor child, but wild beasts of various kinds. And when their provisions were spent and they failed, they fed themselves with herbs and fruits in the season of the year.so they lyued as they best my\u2223ghte. And after that they toke flesshe of dyuer\u00a6se beestes & became wonder fatte. And so they desyred mannes company / and mannes kyn\u2223de that the\u0304 fayled. And for hete they waxed wo\u0304\u00a6der courageous of kynde / so that they desyred more ma\u0304nes company than ony other solace and myrthe wha\u0304 the deuyll that perceyued we\u0304\u00a6te by dyuerse countrees and toke a body of ye ayre & lykynge natures shed of men / & cam in to the londe of Albyon / & laye by tho wym\u0304en & shadde tho natures vpon them & they concey\u2223ued / & after brought forth gyau\u0304tes. Of ye whi\u00a6che one was called Gogmagog / and an other Longherigam And so they were named by dy\u00a6uers names / & in this maner they came forth and were borne horryble gyau\u0304tes in Albyon And they dwelled in caues and in hylles atte ther wylle And hadde the londe of Albyon as them lykyd / vnto ye tyme that Brute arryued and came to Tornes that was in the yle of Al\u00a6byon. And there this Brute co\u0304quered and dy\u2223scomfyted the gyauntes abouesayde.\n\u00b6Explicit primaIn the noble city of Troy, there was a noble knight and a man of great power named Aeneas. When the city of Troy was lost and destroyed by the Greeks, this Aeneas fled with all his men and came to Lombardy. There, the land was ruled by a king named Latinus. Another king named Turnus strongly warred against this king Latinus, often causing him harm. When king Latinus learned that Aeneas had come, he received him with great honor and held him in high regard because he had heard good things about him, knowing him to be a noble knight worthy of his body and deeds. Aeneas helped king Latinus in his war, and in the end, he killed Turnus and discomfited him and all his people. After this was accomplished, king Latinus gave all the land that belonged to Turnus in marriage to this noble man Aeneas.Daughter, you are the most beautiful creature that any man knew. And they lived together in the queen who was Eanneas' wife, and brought the damsel with the child. And when Ascanius, her father, knew this, he immediately asked the wisest masters and the greatest clerks what child the damsel would bring forth, and they answered and said that she would bring forth a son who would kill both his father and his mother. And so it happened. For his mother died in giving birth to him. And when this child was born, his father had him called Brutus. The masters said that he would do great harm and sorrow in many diverse places, and after he would come to great honor and worship. This king Ascanius died when God willed, and Silvius his son received the land, and made him very well beloved among his people. And so when Brutus, who was Silvius' son, was fifteen years old, he went out one day with his father to play and amuse himself. And as Brutus should have shot at a deer, his arrow missed and glanced off.And so Brutus slew his father. When this disgraceful act was discovered by all the people of the land and they were filled with sorrow and anger, they drove Brutus out of the country and would not allow him to remain among them. Unable to stay, Brutus went to Greece and found there seven thousand people who were of Trojan descent, as the story relates, including men, women, and children, who were held in slavery and bondage by King Pandras of Greece because of the death of Achilles, who had been betrayed and slain at Troy. Brutus was a very handsome, strong, and powerful man of his age, and was well-received and seemingly cheerful there. King Pandras heard of his goodness and his circumstances and immediately made him dwell with him. Brutus became very crafty and much beloved by the king, so that for a long time Brutus dwelled with him.King So at last they of Troy and Brute spoke together of kinship and lineage & acquaintance & planned to Brute of their sorrow and bondage, and of many other shameful things that King Pandras had inflicted upon them. To Brute they said at one time, \"You are a lord of our lineage, a strong man, and a mighty and gracious one from the great god. We shall overcome him, and we shall make you king of the land, and to you we shall pay homage, and from you we shall hold evermore.\" Brute had great pity for their bondage that they were brought into. And some said that he should be spared. And there spoke a wise knight who was called Memphis, and said to Brute and to all of Troy, \"If King Pandras is willing to yield and give up his life, I counsel that he give to Brute, who is our duke and sovereign, his daughter Genevieve as a wife, and in marriage with her a hundred ships well equipped, and all his treasure of gold and silver of corn and of wine, and as much as we need from the third day.\"Brute sent men to an island called Lorgers. They found an old, abandoned city with no men, women, or anything living in it. In the center of the city, they discovered an old temple dedicated to the fair goddess Diana. Brute and his men returned and reported their findings to him. They advised him to offer sacrifice to Lady Diana, as she was known to answer prayers and particularly favor those who honored her with sacrifice. Brute went to the temple and prayed, \"Noble goddess Diana, you control all things with your power and might: winds, waters, fields, and all creatures of the world. I pray to you, tell me where and in what place I shall find a suitable dwelling for myself and my people, and there I will build a beautiful temple in your honor.\"And in this noble place, where you shall always be honored, Diana answered in this manner: \"Brute, go even forth your way over the sea to the west, and there you shall find an island that is called Albion. This island is surrounded by the sea on all sides, and no man may come there except by ships. And in that land were wont to dwell giants, but now it is not so. Instead, it is all wildernesses. And that land is destined and ordained for you and your people.\"\n\nThen, when Brute had this answer from Diana the goddess, he immediately let the anchor wind up and sailed into the high sea. And when he and his men had sailed for twenty days and more, they found a coast in the sea, a thousand men from the lineage and kindred of Troy. And their sovereign and master was called Corin. And when Brute knew this, he took them with great joy into his ships and led them forth with him. This Corin came to Brute and did homage to him.They sailed forth in the sea until they reached Gascony. And as soon as they arrived in the haven of Legeres, they stayed there for eight days to rest. And there came to join them those who were needed. News reached King Geoffrey, who was lord of that land, that a large number of people from strange lands had arrived in his land in the haven of Legeres. He was greatly angered and annoyed that they had come and entered his land without his permission and his leave. And he immediately ordered a great power to drive out Brute and destroy him and all his people. But it happened that King Geoffrey was discomfited, and all his people as well. He himself fled to France, seeking help and succor. And at that time, there were twelve kings ruling in France, and eleven of them assembled a great power to help Geoffrey and fight against Brute. Geoffrey stayed in France for more than a year. And in the meantime, while Geoffrey was in France, Brute and his company destroyed all the land of Gascony.and let us take all the treasure that King Goffar had there and bring it all into his ships. Brute discovered in that land a fair place and suitable, and there Brute made a fair castle and strong. When this was done, King Goffar came from France and 11 kings with him, bringing 200,000 men to fight Brute and his company. Brute had but 500,000 and 300 men. And nevertheless, when the two hosts met, Brute's people, through his own help and that of Turin his cousin, and Corin, defended themselves manfully and fought so that in little time they had killed two thousand and more of the Frenchmen. Immediately, all who were alive fled away. In this battle, Turin, Brute's cousin, was slain. And Brute allowed him to be honorably entered into the castle he had made when he had the opportunity and the space, and there he called that same castle Tourres. For this reason, to this day there is a noble city that is called Tourres.King Geoffrey discovered that Turin had returned with his men and engaged in a strong battle against Brutus. However, Brutus and his men were so exhausted from fighting that they could no longer endure and retreated into their castle to save themselves and consult. Brutus and Corin gave private counsel and planned that Corin should go into the woods until morning. At dawn, when Brutus was to fight his enemies, Corin and his men were to come from the side and cause as much harm as possible. In the morning, in the dawning of the day, Brutus emerged from the castle and fiercely fought his enemies, who defended themselves manfully. However, within a little time, Brutus and his men killed eight hundred of King Geoffrey's men. Then Corin and his men arrived with the ambush and struck down all those who were willing to stand and fight.abide. So that King Goffar and his company were disappointed: and they began to flee. Brute and Corin with their company pursued them fiercely and slew more of them in the fleeing than they did in the battle. In this manner Brute obtained the victory. And yet Brute made little sorrow for his cousin Turin, who was slain, and others also who had lost their lives from his men. That is to say, seven hundred and fifteen. Which nobly he entered in the same castle of Tours; there where he had entered Turin his cousin.\n\nWhen all this was done, Brute wished no longer to dwell there: to fight or to lose any more of his people. For King Goffar's people might increase every day. And therefore he took all his men and went unto the sea and had wind and weather at their will. And the fifth day after they arrived in a haven at Totnes, and came into the island of Albion. And there neither man nor woman, as the story tells, they found but Giants. And they dwelt there.Brute and his men explored various places to find a suitable site for building a city for themselves. They eventually came across a fair river called Thames, and Brute began to build a city there, which he named New Troy, in memory of ancient Troy from which their lineage originated. Brute felled woods, cleared land, and plowed meadows for the sustenance of himself and his people. Afterward, he departed, leaving the land to them. Each person took possession.The laws that the Britons held, and this Brutus was extremely well loved among all men. Brutus' sons also loved him dearly. When Brutus had searched the entire land in length and breadth, he found a land that joined with Britain, in the north. Brutus gave this land to Albanact his son and named it Albania, now called Scotland. He also found another country towards the west and gave it to Cambar his other son, naming it Cambria, now called Wales. After Brutus had reigned for twenty years, as previously stated, he died in the city of New Troy.\n\nAfter Brutus' reign, Lotring, his son, became the second king in Britain. He began to reign in the second year of Samuel. This Lotring was crowned king with great solemnity and glory of all the land of Britain. After his crowning, Albanact and Cambar, his two brothers, returned to their own country and lived there.With much honor and worship. And Lotring they called their brother king and governed it well and wisely, for he was a good man and very well beloved of all his land. It came to pass that Albynak dwelt in his own land with much honor and worship. Then King Humbar of Hunlonde came with a great power and encamped in Albyn. He wanted to conquer the land and began to wage war on King Albyn. Albyn was slain, and the people of that land fled to Lotring and told him, for he was king of Britain, how his brother had been slain. They begged him for help and support to avenge his death. Lotring at once let assemble all the Britons of Kent, Dover, Dere, Norfolk, and Southfolk. And when they were assembled, they hastened to war against their enemies to give them battle. Lotring had sent for Cambar his brother that he should come to him with all the power he could muster for help and to join him in the fight.And so they came to Gyders and took their way privately to seek out Humbar, whom they might find. It happened that Humbar was beside a great river with his retinue for entertainment. And suddenly Lotrin and Cambar his brother appeared with all their people. Humbar was greatly alarmed when he saw them come, for his men did not know this beforehand, and they were unarmed. Immediately Humbar, in fear, leapt into the water and drowned himself. Thus he died, and all his men were killed; none escaped. Therefore, that water is called Humber, and it shall be so named henceforth because King Humbar was drowned there.\n\nAfter that, Lotrin went to his ships and took as much gold and silver as he found for himself. All the plunder he gave to other people of the host. In one of the ships, they found a fair damsel, who was King Humbar's daughter.Called Estrylde. When Lotrin saw her, he took her with him for her fairness. And because of her, he was overcome by love and wanted to marry her. This news reached Corin, and he intended to avenge himself on Lotrin. For Lotrin had made Madan, the daughter of the Britons, his queen for forty years, beginning to reign in her fifteenth year of Saull. She lived with him all his days and bore him two sons, Mempris and Maulyn. Then he died and lies at new Troy.\n\nDavid, the second king of Israel, reigned at this time, chosen by God's desire. He was anointed in his youth by Samuel and ruled for forty years after Saul's death. This David was a marvel in all mankind, in whom was found so much power and humanity, nobleness and meekness, such a great burden of secular things, and such a pure and devout contemplation of spiritual things, so many men to kill, and so many tears to weep for his transgressions.During this time, Abiathar served as bishop and fled to David. He was loyal to David throughout his days. Gad, Nathan, and Asaph were prophets then. Nathan was David's brother-in-law.\n\nMephibosheth and his brother Micha were contending for the land. Mephibosheth began to reign during the thirty-fifth year of David's reign. As the eldest son, he desired to have all the land, but Micha would not allow it. They came to an agreement for a day, but at this time, Mephibosheth allowed his brother to be killed through treason, and he himself held the land. One man succeeded him who quickly destroyed all the men of his land. In the end, he became wicked and lecherous.\n\nSolomon, the king of peace, received a singular exception above all men who ever existed in this world, but only God in wisdom and riches, in beauty and glory, and in familial relationship with God. All this.Though Moses and David, Peter and Jerome, Austyn and others exceeded him in holiness, but they exceeded him not in glory and riches. This man exceeded all men wretchedly. Of Solomon, this is read in a pistle of St. Jerome, that he had a child by the daughter of Pharaoh at the eleventh year of his age (See more in the books of the Kings). At this time, Sadoc was bishop, and he did not decline to the side of Adonijah, David's son, but was with Nathan for Solomon, and Abiathar was deposed on the other side.\n\nRoboam succeeded Solomon as king, but not in wisdom. He was deceived through the counsel of young men. And he lost ten tribes because he did not answer wisely the people, as it is recorded (III Kings).\n\nAchimias was bishop at that time, and he was the son of Sadoc (As it is clear in the first book of Paralipomenon).\n\nIheroboam reigned as king in Israel for twenty-two years, and he was the first of the house of Solomon and a good man, but when he was made king, he was a very idolatrous man and led Israel to sin.Idolatry and great inconveniences were almost to the destruction of Israel. He was the figure of Mamretes (3 Kings 3:1-5) / Abdias, the son of Roboam, reigned for three years. And during his time, he was a good man and helped by God. But while he was wretchedly disposed in idolatry, our Lord suffered him to reign for a little time (3 Kings 3:7-14, 2 Chronicles 11:3-4).\n\nAsa, the son of Abdias, reigned sixteen years. In the beginning of his reign, he was a righteous man and walked as David did. He overcame the Ethiopians and destroyed idols. But after he was sworn to the king of Syria Ben-hadad, Baasha, king of Israel, began to fight against him, which displeased God. Therefore, he sent to him the prophet Hanani, whom he put in prison. And he was severely struck and died therefrom (3 Kings 15:1-14, 2 Chronicles 16:1-14).\n\nAzariah, the son of Azariah, was bishop. Nadab, king of Israel, reigned in the second year of Asa.King of the Jews, but he did not act like his father. Baasa overthrew him and ruled for him (But Baasa, king of Israel, ruled for twenty-four years. His reign began in the third year of Asa, king of Judah. He walked in the sins of Jeroboam and slew Jehoshaphat the prophet. Hiel, the son of Baasa, ruled in Israel for two years. And Zimri slew him and ruled for seven days. Amri ruled for twelve years, and he did not act like his predecessors. Archa, son of Amri, ruled over Israel for twenty-two years. He was more wicked than all those who were before him, and Jezebel ruled over him (But Ahab reigned for sixty years. He was a strong man and a mighty one. And Ahab, through his might and the help of his Brontes, conquered all of France. And when he had so much gold and silver that when he came again into this land, he built a city, and after his own name he named it Ahab, which is now called Everywic. And this king built the castle of Maidens, which is now called Edinburgh.)King Had. had 20 sons and 24 daughters by various women. These sons were named Brute, Greneschelde, Marghade, Iakyn, Kymbar, Roselm, Spadogh, Godeherl, Thormnan, Gldaugh, Iorkaughut, Haibor, Ketyn, Rother, Kaier, and Assaruth. The daughters were named Eligene, Imogen, Ogdas, Guenebran, Guardith, Auganrel, Guenthold Tangustell, Gorgho, Michel, Medhan, Mailour, Ondre, Cambredan, Raga, Renthely, Neest Chegha, Skaldud, Gladus, Herherhen, Abalaghe, and Blandan. And these were the 24 daughters. The brothers became good knights and were respected in many countries.\n\nAfter the death of King Ebrac, Brute Greneschelde ruled for 30 years. He ruled well and nobly. When his time came, he died and lies at York.\n\nWhen Brute Greneschelde was dead, his son Leyl ruled for 22 years. He built a fair town and named it Carlisle after his own name. He was a worthy man and well loved by his people.King Josiah of Judah was a good man and worshiped Ludibras. He built the cities of Canterbury and Winchester and reigned for 39 years. After Josiah, Ludibras' son Bladud became king. Bladud was a great sorcerer and through his sorcery, Jehoram, Josiah's son, ruled over Judah for eight years. Jehoram was a cursed man who had a good father and slew his brother. He lived wickedly, as did the king of Israel. Therefore, he was severely punished and died unhappily.\n\nAt this time, he lies in Paradise. Ochozias or Asaiah was king of Judah for one year and did not rule as his father did. He was then killed, along with his entire household.\n\nAthaliah, mother to Asaiah, took the kingdom and slew all the royal blood. She ruled for ten years. In the seventh year of Jehoiada the bishop, she was killed (II Kings 11). Asaiah and his son Joash, and his grandson Amasa. Matthew the evangelist does not mention them among the lineage of Christ for their offenses. Jehoram, king.King of Israel ruled for 12 years: he began to reign in the 18th year of Jehosaphat, his brother's reign, and he lived wickedly and was killed by Jehu, along with all his father's household (but not Jehu). Jehu anointed the son of Jeesh from the offspring of Elisha to reign over Israel. Jehu killed Ahaziah, king of the Jews, Jehoram, king of Israel, and Jezebel, mother of Jehoram, as well as all the sons of Ahab and the priests of Baal. He reigned for 18 years.\n\nAthaliah, daughter of Ahab, ruled over the Jews for six years and shed the blood of Jehoram's descendants, except for Joash, the son of Jehoahaz, who was hidden among shepherds. He was later killed.\n\nJoash, the son of Jehoahaz, reigned in the 40th year of Jehohah, and was crowned king by Jehoada the bishop at the age of seven. He ruled well as long as he was governed by Jehoada, but after he forsook God and killed Uzzah, the son of Jehoada, the priest, because he blamed him for forsaking his God (See 2 Chronicles 24:17-25).\n\nJoatham, the son of Jehoiada, reigned.In the seventeenth year of Israel, Hosea the prophet died, and he began to reign in Israel for twenty years after Ioas (There were four kings before him: [unclear]) Ioam, son of Jehoahaz, reigned in Israel for seventeen years and disturbed Amaziah (There were six kings before him: thirteen in total.)\n\nAfter King Baldad, his son Leyr reigned. This Leyr founded the town of Leicester and named it after his own name. He governed the town well and nobly. This King Leyr had three daughters. The first was called Gonorill. The second was named Rigan. And the third was Cordeill. The youngest daughter was fairest and most beautiful. The father of these daughters grew old and wished that his daughters were married or that he died. But first, he wanted to test which of them loved him most and best. For the one who loved him best should be married to him. He asked the first daughter how well she loved him, and she answered, \"Better than my own life.\" \"Indeed,\" said her father, \"that is great love.\" Then he asked the second daughter:\n\n\"How do you love me?\"\"She loved him greatly, and she said more than all the creatures in the world. Her father told her she could ask no more, and she asked the third daughter how much she loved him. \"Father, my sisters have spoken false words,\" she replied. \"But I will tell you the truth, for I love you as I ought to love my father. As much as you are angry, so will you be loved.\n\nThe king, her father, believed she had scorned him and grew very angry. He swore by heaven and earth that she should never have his good, but those who loved him so much should be rewarded. He married the first daughter to Malcolm, king of Scotland, and the second to Hammond, earl of Cornwall. They agreed and spoke between them that the realm should be divided between them two after the death of King Leir, their father. Therefore, Cordelia, his youngest daughter, should have nothing of his land. But this Cordelia was very different.\"King Ampliatus of France heard of her good reputation and manners. The king of France sent to King Lear, her father, requesting her hand in marriage. King Lear replied that he had already given away all his land to his two daughters beforehand and had nothing left to bestow upon her. When King Ampliatus of France learned this, he immediately sent a message to King Lear, asking for nothing but her clothing and her person. King Lear then sent her over the sea to King Ampliatus of France. He received her with great honor, and in a solemn ceremony, he married her and made her queen of France.\n\nLater, however, the two eldest daughters refused to wait until their father was dead before taking the realm from him. They waged war against him while he was still alive, causing him great sorrow and shame. As a result, they had arranged that one of them should support him for the rest of his life.During his time with Lord knights and squires, King Leyr rode and went where he pleased to whatever countryside he desired. For half a year, Maugles, King of Scotland, accompanied him as previously stated. Goneril, his eldest daughter and queen of Scotland, was so displeased with him and his people that she and her lord spoke together. As a result, half of his knights and squires left him, and only one remained with him.\n\nWhen this was accomplished, Leyr began to feel great sorrow because his state was impaired. People showed him more scorn and contempt than ever before, and he did not know what to do. In the end, he decided to go to Cornwall to visit his other daughter, Rigan. Upon his arrival, the earl and his wife, Leyr's daughter, welcomed him warmly and made much joy. There, he dwelt with thirty knights and squires. He had not stayed long when... (The text seems to be cut off)moneths there was her daughter wary of him and his company. And her lord and she of him had great scorn and disdain, so that from thirty knights they brought unto ten, and afterward he had but five, and so they left him no more. Then he made amends and said, sore weeping, \"Alas that ever I came into this land, and said. Yet had ye been better to have dwelt with my first daughter.\" And anon he went then to his first daughter again, but anon as she saw him come, she swore by God and by his holy name, and by as much as she might: that he should have no more with him but one knight if he would abide. Then began Leyr to weep and made much sorrow, and said then, \"Alas now have I lived too long, that this sorrow and misfortune is now fallen upon me. For now I am poor: that once was rich. But now have I no friend nor kin that to me will do any good. But when I was rich, all men honored and worshipped me, and now every man, while I had good, so long was I loved and honored.\"for my riches, but my two daughters scorned me then, and now set little price on me. And Cordelia truly told me: but I would not believe it or understand. Therefore, I let her go from me as if I set little price on her: and now I never know what to do since my two daughters have deceived me so, those I so much loved: and now I must seek her who is in another land: and I lightly let her go from me without any reward of gifts. She said that she loved me as much as she ought to love her father by all manner of reason. And then I sent him to see you and he passed into France, and asked and inquired where the queen might be found. And men told him where she was, and when he came to the city that she was in, he sent his squire to the queen to tell her that her father had come to her in great need. And when the squire came to the queen, he told her every detail of her sister's behavior from the beginning to the end. Cordelia, the queen, immediately took gold andSilver plentifully took it to the squire in council, instructing him to go and deliver it to her father, and to go to a certain city, array and wash himself, and then return to her. He was to bring with him an honest company of knights, at least forty with their men-at-arms. Then he was to send word to her lord, the king, and feign that he had come to speak with his daughter and to see her, and so he did. And when the king and queen heard that they were coming, they received him with much honor. And the king of France then commanded throughout his realm, and commanded all men to be attentive to King Leir, the queen's father, in all things as if it were to himself. When King Leir had dwelt there a month and more, he told the king and queen his daughter how his two eldest daughters had served him. Agamemnon immediately ordered a great French host prepared and sent with Leir, the queen's father, to England to reconcile his lord and kingdom. Cordelia also came.With her father in Britain to obtain the realm after her father's death. And they went immediately to ship and passed the sea and came into Britain and fought with the felons and were discomfited but then had he his load again and after lived three years and held his realm in peace and afterward died. And Cordell his daughter then let him enter with much honor at Leicester.\n\nAmasius, the son of Ioam, reigned over the Jews for twenty-nine years. After which the kingdom of the Jews was without a king for thirteen years. This man worshipped the gods of Seir (ut p. ii. para. xv). Jeroboam, the son of Ioam, reigned over Israel for forty-one years, the one who was manly and victorious. For he overcame the king of Syria and restored Israel and Damascus according to the word of Jonah the prophet. But he was not good. Therefore, Augustine says, \"If good men reign, they profit many a man. And if evil men reign, they hurt many men.\"\n\nOsias or Azariah, the son of Amasiah, reigned over the Jews for fifty-two years, of whom there is no evil.thyn\u00a6ge wryten but that he vsurped the dygnyte of preesthode vnder Azari / ye whiche he forbode hym. For yt whiche cause our lorde stroke hym with a leper (vt p\u0290 .ii. para) \u00b6Ozee bysshop & prophete was this tyme the fyrst of ye .xii. that is sende astaynst ye .xii. tribus. \u00b6Ioel ye seco\u0304de of ye .xii. prophecyed of Iuda. Ananias ye thyr\u2223de prophecyed agaynst many people. Abdias ye fourth of the .xii. prophecyed agaynst Edom \u00b6zacharius son\u0304e to Ieroboam regned in Is\u2223rael .vi. monethes / the whiche began to regne the .xxxviii. yere of Ozias & was nought i\u0304 his lyuynge as his predycessours were. And Sel\u2223lum slewe hym / & regned a moneth. And Ma\u2223nahen slewe hym & toke his kyngdome (vt p\u0290 .iiii. regu\u0304) This Manahen regned .x. yere / the whiche began to regne the .xxxix. yere of Ozi\u2223as \\ & he ruled hym myscheuously. And our lor\u00a6de toke hym in the power of the kynge of Assu\u00a6rio{rum}. And he payed to hym a thousande talen\u2223tes of syluer. (vt p\u0290 .iiii. regu\u0304) \u00b6Phaseia son\u0304e to Manahen regned in Israel .ii. yere / & heIn the first year of King Ozias' reign, he did nothing. Phasius succeeded him and reigned for twenty years. In Ozias' thirty-second year, Phasius died, and Corella, King Ozias' youngest daughter, ruled for ten years. After her reign, Conedag ruled for fifteen years. Corella, Ozias' youngest daughter, held the land for five years after her father's death. During this time, her lord Agampe, King of Fraucia, died, leaving her a widow. Morgan and Conedag, Corella's nephews, envied her because their aunt should have inherited the land. They raised a great power against her and waged war greatly. They never rested until they had taken her captive and put her to death. Morgan and Conedag seized all the land and divided it between them. They held it.And after twelve years, there began great strife between them, and they waged strong wars together. Morgan desired to have all the land from beyond the Humber that Conedag held, but he came against him with great power, causing Morgan to flee into Wales. Conedag pursued him and took him, killing him. Conedag then seized all the land and held it for thirty-three years. He then died and lies at new Troy.\n\nSince the material contains most conveniently the kings of Britain, now called England, for the time of their reigns is not certainly known, they will be together until it comes to King Gunthorde of Britain, now called England.\n\nAfter Conedag, Reinolde, his son, ruled who was a wise knight, hardy and courteous, ruling well and nobly.In this time, Roland, a beloved ruler of all people, reigned. During his reign, a battle that lasted for three days took place. God willed it, and soon after, a great plague of people killed each other until Almighty God showed mercy and put an end to it. Roland ruled for twenty-two years and died, lying in York.\n\nAfter Roland, who was called Conan's son, ruled Gorbodian, his son, for fifteen years. He then died and lies in York.\n\nWhen Gorbodian was dead, his two sons, who were proud and constantly at war with each other for the land, came to a standstill. One was named Ferrucidius, and the other was Porrus. This Ferrucidius desired to have all the land, but Porrus would not submit. Ferrucidius had a treacherous heart and plotted to kill his brother. But privately, he went to France and stayed with King Syward until one day when he returned and fought with his brother Ferrucidius. However, it ended disastrously.Though he was slain first, when Ydoyne his mother knew that Portes was dead, she made great sorrow, for she loved him more than the other. Thinking to bury him privately, she came to her son one night with two knights and cut his throat and dismembered his body. Whoever has heard such a cursed mother, who slew with her own hands her own son. The grief and shame lasted long for the mother, who murdered one son to keep the other and lost them both.\n\nAs the two brothers were dead, they left behind neither son nor daughter, nor any other relative who might have inherited the estate. And because the strongest drove out and discomfited the weaker and took all their lands, there was great strife among them in the countryside. Among them in the land, those who overcame all others took all the lands and wealth.Every one of them took a certain country and in his country let himself be called king. One was called Scater, king of Scotland. Another was called Dawalier, king of Logers. Of all the loaded that was Lotris, Brute's son, the third was called Ruda.\n\nCloten had a son named Donebant. After his father's death, Donebant became a brave, fair, and courteous man. He surpassed all other kings in fatherliness and worthiness. Besides, he was a knight. He knew well that while his father lived, he was the most rightful heir to all the land. He should have had it for a reason. But the other kings, who were much stronger than he, took his land from him. After the war, Donebant ordered a great power and conquered first the land of Logers. He then intended to conquer all the land of Scotland and Wales. Scater came with his men and gave him battle. Rudac returned with his Welshmen to help him. However, it happened thatRudac was slain and scattered in open battle. And so Dunwbant had the victory: and conquered all the land: and well maintained it in peace and quiet, which never before it had been so well maintained. This Dunwbant caused himself to be made a crown of gold, and wore the crown upon his head as no king had done before, and he ordained a statute that no man should harm or molest him, but go there in safety and peace, and after go to whatever land or forest that pleased him without harm. And if any man set any head upon him, then he should lose his life. And this Dunwbant founded the town of Malmesbury, and the town also of the Wise. And when he had reigned worthily for twenty years, then he died and lies at New Troy.\n\nAfter the death of this Dunwbant, his sons who had inherited the land among them, as their father had ordered: so that Belin, his eldest son, had all of Britain, from Humber southward.Brother Brenne controlled the land from Humber to Scotland. But since Belin had the better share, Brenne grew angry and wanted more land from his brother. Belin refused, leading to conflict between them. However, Brenne, the younger brother, had no power or strength against Belin. So, with the counsel of his people, Brenne went to King Olsynges in Norway to seek help and support to conquer all the land from Belin. King Olsynges granted his request, and as soon as Brenne had left for Norway, Belin seized control of Northumbria, taking all the castles and preparing the coasts for defense against Brenne's arrival. The king of Norway then assembled a great host and gave his daughter to Brenne in marriage.And damsel Samie had long loved a king named Gutlagh. She told him all her counsel, how Brunne should have her and lead her with him forevermore, and so he should release her only if she could renounce Brunne. When Gutlagh had heard this news, he set out to intercept Brunne with as many ships as he could muster. The two fleets met and fought for a long time, so that Brunne's men were discomfited. King Gutlagh took Samie and put her on his ship. Brunne shamefully fled thence, discomfited. And this king Gutlagh intended to go to his own country, but a great tempest came upon him that lasted for five days, driving him and his ships into Britain and no more, and those who kept the sea costs brought Gutlagh, Samie, and all his people before Belin. Belin imprisoned them.\n\nIt was not long after that Brunne returned with a great navy.sent to his brother Belin that he should yield again his land to his wife and his people, and his castles as well. Or else he would destroy his land. Belin feared nothing of his malice and would do nothing after he had spoken. Therefore Brenne came with his people and fought against Belin. And then Brenne was defeated and his people slain, and he himself fled with what little was left. But by counsel of his people, Belin granted him amnesty, and Gutlagh became his mother-in-law. Belin took an oath and became his vassal. And according to these treaties, King Gutlagh took Samie and his people and went to Denmark. Later, the treaties were upheld and the tribute paid until Honelus was king of Denmark and his land through his wife Gisla. He maintained well the good laws that Donarbant his father had made. And in his time, as before is recorded, he ordered.sayde.\nBRenne that was Belins brother hadde longe tyme dwelled in Frau\u0304ce / & there had conquered a grete lordshyp thrugh mary\u2223age. For he was duke of Bourgoyne thrugh the dought of the duke fewyn that he had spou\u00a6sed that was ryght heyre of the lond. And this Brenne ordened a grete power of hys folke / & also of Fraunce / & came in to this londe for to fyght with Belin his brother. And belin came ayenste hym with a grete power of Brytons / and wolde tho haue yeuen hym batayll. But ther moder Cornewen that tho lyued had that one brother wolde haue destroyed that other and wente bytwene her sones and them made acorde with moche payne So that at the laste tho two brethern with moche blysse wente to\u00a6gyder in to newe Troy / that now is called Lo\u0304\u00a6don / and there they dwelled a yere. And after they toke theyr counseyll for to goo & conquere all Fraunce. And so they dyd / and brente tow\u2223ne & destroyed the londe both in length and in brede. And the kyng of Frau\u0304ce yaue them ba\u2223tayl with his power / but he wasOvercome and yield to Belin and his brother. After that, they went to Rome. And after Belin's reign, his son Cormbratus, a good and worthy man, ruled. The king of Denmark refused to pay him the tribute, which was a thousand pounds, as he had sworn and recorded in writing to Belin's father. Therefore, he was ill-paid and angry. He assembled a great host of Brythonic people where they could dwell and hold the land. They would do homage and fealty to him while he lived, and to his heirs after him. When the king heard this, he had pity on him and gave them all wilderness, there where no man was dwelling except only wild beasts. The Earl thanked the king much and became his man, did him homage and fealty, and took all his people and went to the same isle. The Earl was called Irlamall, and therefore he let them call the land Irland after his own name.King Cormbratus returned to his land and ruled for 25 years. After his death, he lies at New Troy. Ioathan succeeded Osias and ruled in Iury for 16 years. Nothing is written about Ioathan except that he did not take away excessively, according to the records. Amarias was bishop. And the prophet Isaiah was in his time. Olympias began the first year of Ioathan's reign after Josephus. Four hundred years before the first Olympias began, Troy was destroyed under Esalo, a judge of Athens. Olympus is the name of a hill in Greece, which is called the hill of the gods because of its preciousness. After Jerome, Olympias lasts for four years, during which four yearly princes are made. These Olympiads are places ordained for the worship of Jupiter under the hill of Olympus. The law states that whoever is best in any chivalry, whatever he desires, he shall have.Achan, the son of Jeroboam, ruled over the Jews for sixteen years. During Achan's reign, nothing good is recorded, as he forsook our Lord. And our Lord struck him and his people severely, along with the kings of Tyre (2 Kings 21:15-17). At this time, Achbor served as bishop. Ozias, king of Israel, reigned for nine years, beginning in the twelfth year of Achan's reign as king of the Jews. Ozias did not fear God, for he lived in wickedness. He was the last king of Israel, and in the ninth year of his reign, he was taken captive by Salmanasar. And Israel was carried into exile in Assyria (2 Kings 15:29).\n\nAfter Eusebius, Rome was built on the Palatine Hill in the fourth year of Achaicus, king of the Jews, by the twin brothers Romulus and Remus. The seventh Kalends of March marked the beginning of the fifth Olympiad. Josephus and Bede state the sixth Olympiad, and there is a difference of a year. Nevertheless, other men are reported to have ruled in Italy around that time, such as Janus, Picus, and Latinus.Eneas ruled for about two hundred years. After Eneas, for fifteen governors, it was ruled for three hundred and thirty-two years. After that, from the founding of the city until the last year of Tarquin the Proud, it was ruled by seven kings for about two hundred and forty-three years. Then, after the war under Senators and Counselors, until Julius Caesar as Emperor, it was ruled for four hundred and sixty-four years. Romulus, the first of Romans, of whom they are called Romans in Latin, founded the city and named it Rome after his name. He gathered together the people on every side, choosing a thousand of the wisest men, the counsel of whom he consulted on all matters. He named them Senators for the duration of their age. And he had their names written in golden letters, which is why we write \"noble fathers\" and such things. He also called the soldiers \"milites\" (a number of a thousand). Ezechias, the fourteen king of Jews, a good child of a cursed father, ruled with a divided heart towards our Lord.And he restored the house of God, and there was none like him before or after among the kings of the Jews. Therefore, our Lord God glorified him. For when Sennacherib, king of Assyria, came against Hezekiah with a mighty host, our Lord struck his people and slew eighty-five thousand of fighting men. And Sennacherib fled shamefully (2 Kings 18:13-17, 2 Kings 19:35-37).\n\nAt this time, there was a high bishop there.\n\nManasseh, king of Judah reigned fifty-five years, and he was an evil child of a good father. For he slew the prophets of God, and the streets of Jerusalem were all bloody. He made Isaiah the prophet be sawed in two with a saw of wood. Therefore, the king of Assyria carried away the treasures of the temple and took Manasseh, and his seven wise men who worshiped in Greece.\n\nJosiah, the son of Amon, began to reign at the age of eight and reigned for thirty-one years. A good child of a wicked father, in his young age he sought the grace of God. And in that grace, he...laudably abode vnto his ende. His relygyous lyfe and his werkes ye maye see. (iiii. regum .xxii. et .ii. para. xxxiiii) \u00b6Azastas the sone of Elchie was bysshop. \u00b6Tobyas a\u2223boute this tyme deyed. And he was a very ho\u00a6ly man. And he prophecyed the destruccyon of Ierusalem\u00b7 \u00b6Tulius Hostilius was the thyr\u00a6de kynge in Rome. And saint Austyn sayth in his boke deciuitate dei. that from Rome was made vnto August the Emperour / there was too contynuell bataylle / that it was take for a merueylle / and they were one yere without ba\u00a6taylle / excepte \u00b7xlii. in Nume dayes in the whi\u2223che was contynuell peaas. And that Tulius by cause he hadde reste / he dyd cursedly to hys neyghburs and thenne he was slayne and all hys husholde wyth a stroke of lyghtnynge. \u00b6Nabugodonosor thys tyme was kynge of Babylon / a manly man and a victoryous. For he was the scourge of our lorde / to punys\u00a6she the syn\u0304es of many people. This man was kynge of Babylon / and after he conquered ye kyngdom of Assuriorum and made it one mo\u2223narche. But manyWayes Scripture speaks of this man, who was both good and evil. And since Scripture concludes that he ended his life in the loving of God, through the prayer of Daniel, and in the knowledge of one true God, some doctors say he is saved, and some say it is doubtful.\n\nAncus Marcius, the fourth king of Rome, reigned for 23 years. This man, through the grace and trust he had with Tarquinus Priscus, was made the governor of his children. And Ares and he were rewarded ill. Daniel, yet a child, delivered Saint Susan, and stood in the concealment of the king with his fellows. Afterward, he discussed the king's dreams and was made a man of great honor (Ut praz Danielis prio).\n\nIonathas, the second son of Josiah, reigned over the Jews for three months and was made king by the people. He was not good. Pharaoh took him and brought him into Egypt, and made his elder brother king (vt praz iv regum xxiii).\n\nIoachim or Ieconyas, the son of Josiah, was made king of the Jews by Pharaoh, and reigned for 11 years.And by cause he lyued nought ne herde not the prophetes. Nabudonosor to\u2223ke hym and made hym his seruante thre yere. And he rebelled ayenst hym after warde / and he toke hym & was aboute to haue ladde hym vnto Babylon / but his cou\u0304sell was chau\u0304ged and so Nabugodonosor slewe hym in Iherusa\u00a6lem and cast his body ouer the walles after ye prophecy of Ieremy / and tooke with hym the vesselles of our lord Ihesu (vt p\u0290 .ii. para. vlt) \u00b6Samias was bysshop vrias prophete was slayne of Iecony the kynge / and Ieremi was presente. \u00b6Ioachim sone to Ieconias regned in the Iury thre monethes & lyued nought / & therfore anone he was meued that he sholde regne no lenger / and was bou\u0304de and transla\u2223ted in to Babylon / and many with hym were translated (vt p\u0290 .iiii. regum .xxiiii. \u00b6Daniel. Anamas. Azarias. Mysaell. Ezechiel & Mar\u00a6docheus / all these with Ioachim the kyng we\u2223re ladde in to Babylon / yonge chyldern / for by cause they werre of the noble blood.\nSEdechias the thyrde sone of Iosie reg\u2223ned on the Iewes .xi. yere /And here ends the fourth Age and the history of Kings. At this time, the Temple of Solomon was burned by the Caldes and Jerusalem was destroyed. This Temple stood for 482 and 46 years, that is, from its first making, which was in the fourth year of Solomon. And from its destruction, which was made by Titus, that is, 46 years after the passion of Christ. Priscus Torquatus, the fifth king of Rome reigned. He built Capitoliu (quasi caput solum), for in the ground were found a head without any body. As a prophecy of things to come, afterwards the senators sat as one head of the world. At this time, three children were cast into a foreign burning, and with a miracle they were delivered, as it is said (in Dan. iii). Nabugodonosor, the son of Nabugodonosor, the mighty, reigned in Babylon. This man, adorning a hanging garden with great costs for his wife, and many marvelous things he did. So that he would be named to exceed Hercules in his greatness.Strengthen. Enmerodach, brother to the later Nabonidus, reigned in Babylon. This man took Joachim out of prison and worshiped him. His father had ordered his body to be divided into a hundred parts, lest he should rise from death to live. [Note: This game of chess was found by Xerxes, a philosopher. At this time, the king of Babylon, a great tyrant who was accustomed to killing his own masters and wise men, and who dared not rebuke him openly, employed this witty game to make him meek.\n\nSalathiel, of the line of Christ, was the son of Jeconiah, the king of the Jews. He obtained him after the transigration of Babylon. As Mark the Evangelist says [or: Mark the Gospel states],\n\nSerius Tullius, the sixth king of Rome, was of humble condition on his mother's side. For she was a captive maiden. But he had great love and nobly he bore him in every place. Three hills to the city he brought and dyed the walls red around.\n\nRegus Sabusardach andBalthasar were brothers who ruled one after another and were kings in Babylon. Balthasar was the last king of Babylon, who was killed by Darius and Cyrus (Daniel 5). Darius, uncle to Cyrus, transferred the kingdoms of Babylon, Caldees into the kingdom of Persia and Media. Cyrus was emperor for thirty years. This Cyrus held the monarchy whole at Persepolis. Of this man Isaiah prophesied, and he destroyed Babylon: and slew Balthasar king of Babylon, and he greatly worshiped Daniel. He sent them home again, that they should build the Temple of God (Ezra prior). Babylon, that strong castle, was destroyed, and its power was taken from him, as it was prophesied. This was the first city and the greatest of all the world, of which incredible things are written. And this that was so strong one night was destroyed, that it might be shown to the power of God, to which power all others are but a spark and dust. For it is said indeed: that it was destroyed to show the power of God.was incredible to be made with a man's body or to be destroyed with a man's strength, of which all the world might take an example and it would or might be enforced. Tarquinius Superbus was the seventh king of Rome, and he reigned for thirty-five years. This man first invented all the tortures that are ordered for malefactors. Exile, prison, wells, gallows feet and manacles, chains, and such other things. And for his great pride and cruelty, God suffered him to be humiliated, and this will be shown in what manner. He had a son of the same name, whom they called Collatinus, and his wife was called Lucretia. This Tarquinius, the aforementioned seventh king's son, came to the lady's house in the absence of her husband for supper and lodging. And when all were asleep, he arose with a sword in his hand and with strength and fear he ravished the woman. And the next day, she sent word to her father and to her husband, for she was of great distress.\"Kynge's son came there as friends, but I had no trust in him. He has defiled my chastity and lost my name forever. Then her friends saw her weep and pitifully complained. They comforted her as well as they could and said it was not her fault, for it was against her will. She answered, \"No woman will ever be excused by the example of Lucrece. Though she did not consent to this deed, she will not die without punishment for it. And with that word, she had a knife ready under her mantle, with which she killed herself. For this cruelty and pitiful death, the people of Rome arose and exiled the king forever, along with his progeny. After this tyrant was dead, the Romans ordered that they show the other Brutus and these two men did great things in their time. But still, the people bore heavy burdens under their dominion, so they chose another man.\"\"shold haue more auctoryte than they / & they called hym Dicta\u2223tor \u00b6In this same tyme theyr was a grete dys\u00a6cencyon betwixt the people and the Senate werfore they chose Trybunas wyth theyr Iu\u2223ges ouer the people / and defended them fro wronge as saythe ysyder. For the Dictator whan he was chose he lasted .v. yere / and the Trybunas were remeued euery yere. \u00b6But ye muste vndersto\u0304de that ye shall not haue here after all ye Consules named that gouerned Ro\u00a6me bytwene ye sessynge of kyng{is} / & the begyn\u2223nynge of themperours. For it were to long to wryte / specyally whan euery yere were newe syn / that one man myght be chosen soo often\u2223tymes as we rede / and also for the endurynge of ther gouernaunce. For they were gouer\u2223nours of Rome .v.C. yere .lxvii. So the moste famous men of these shalle be reherced / after the fourme of Cronycles / and as they stonde in the boke was echeone after other.\nzOorobabell after the commaundeme\u0304t of god fou\u0304ded the Temple and made it parfyte / but it was longe after (Vt p\u0290 EsdreAfter the people of Jerusalem came from Babylon, Jesus the high priest and Zorobabel, duke, ruled. This manner of governing continued until Herod's time: the high priests were principal, and the dukes were beneath them. However, the dukes were always of the tribe of Judah, as prophesied by Jacob. Under this good rule of priests, the people did not turn away from the true faith, unlike in the time of the Jews and of kings. For then, many times they revered Aaron, who exceeded men in holiness through whose great wisdom the Jewish state was upheld.\n\nCambyses, the son of Seymus, commanded the work on the Temple to be taken up again. He instructed his princes not to hinder it but to help in all they could. (Refer to Plura in Esdras. Vide vo tempore ambiguus propter diversitate doctrum)\n\nAbout this time was Abiuth, a son of Zorobabel, born.Other things following Joseph, there is nothing in scripture but the strong stance against them. Artaxerxes was king of Persia, under whom Esdras came to Jerusalem. Nehemias was butler to the same king. Afterward, he set Nehemias to buy the walls of Jerusalem. Artaxerxes reigned for two months. Xerxes ruled for seven months, and they did little. Eliah is mentioned in the line of Christ in Matthew. More than Priest Elija is not had in the people's law that he had repeated. And there he died in a good age. Nehemias, an Hebrew butler of King Artaxerxes, at his lord's commandment went from Babylon to Jerusalem. There, he had the leadership of the people for twelve years. In the fifth year, he began to repair the gates and walls of Jerusalem. He ended this work in two years and four months, despite significant impediments. Half of the people stood armed outside the city to withstand the people of other nations, intending to destroy them, while the other half labored in arms.holding in one hand stones for walls and in the other hand answered or were near it (Vide pluralio. suo) / Perimenides, a philosopher, and particularly in moral things, was contemporary to this time. / Socates, a philosopher, who understood much of God's power, was Plato's master. Democritus, Pythagoras, and others whose noble works remained, were also.\n\nAzor is mentioned in the line of Christ in Matthew 25. However, nothing about his deeds is written in the scripture. / Elisha or Elysaphat succeeded Joachim in the bishopric (as Eusebius and the master of history relate) / Camillus was Dictator at Rome in whose days miscellaneous plays were ordained / so that the pestilence would cease at Rome. Of the plays, St. Augustine treats diligently in condemning the falsehood of the goddesses, who desired to be pleased with such wretched plays. So shamefully were these plays used with naked men and women, that honest men and women would not\n\nAnd when Commodus was dead, Regned Gentolen, that wasthis son was a man of good conditions and well beloved, and he governed the land well and wisely. He reignced for 25 years, and after he died lies at New Troy.\nAnd after Gentholen reignced his son Seysell well and wisely governed the land as his father had done before. He reignced for 15 years, and died and lies at New Troy.\nAnd after Seysell reignced his son Kimor well and nobly for 19 years, and then he died and lies at Ikaldowne.\nAfter this Kimor reignced Morwith, and he became so wicked & so stern: until at last a great vengeance came upon him. For when he went upon a time by the sea side, he met with a great beast: that was black and horrible & hideous. He thought it had been a whale of the sea, and bent an arrow and would have slain that beast with his quarrel but he could not strike him. And when he had shot all his quarrels, another came to him in great haste: and him devoured a life: and so he died for his.After King Vortigern's death, the Britons crowned his son, Brandobodia. Brandobodiam ruled for a long time in kindness and built temples and towns. He made Cambridge and Gratham renowned, as he honored the rich and helped the poor. Brandobodiam had four sons: Artogail, Hesidre, Higamus, and Petitur. After ruling for eleven years, he died and lies at New Troy.\n\nAfter Brandobodiam, his son Artogail ruled for five years, but he became wicked and harsh. The Britons would not tolerate him as king and deposed him, making Hesidre his brother king instead. Hesidre became so good and merciful that he was called the king of pity. He ruled for five years and then, moved by great pity for his brother Artogail, gave up his throne and took it back, making Artogail king again against the will of the Britons.After Artogail became favorable conditions, he was well loved by the land, for he came so debonair and free, and did right and justly to all manner of men. He reigned for six years and died, and lies at Grantham.\n\nAfter the death of Artogail, the Britons crowned another, Hesyder, but his brothers Hygamus and Petitur held great hatred and scorn for him. They organized help to wage war against their brother, and they took him prisoner in the second year of his reign. They divided the land between them, but Higamus lived only seven years, and Petitur had all the land and founded the town of Pickeringe.\n\nWhen Petitur was dead, the Britons made Hesyder king again the third time, and he reigned for fourteen years. After his death, he lies at Carlisle.\n\nAfter the death of Hesyder, thirty-three kings reigned, each after the other in quick succession. I shall tell you all and how long each reigned, as the story tells.The first kingdom of the thirty-third was called Gerbodia. He reigned for twelve years after him, Morgan reigned one year. After him, Cighnus reigned six years. Iowala_ reigned eight years after him. Rohugo reigned eleven years after him. Voghen reigned thirteen years after him. Catyll reigned fifteen years after him. Porrex reigned two years after him, and Cherin reigned seventeen years after him. Coyl reigned twelve years after him, and Sulgenis reigned fourteen years after him. Esdad reigned twenty years after him. Andragie reigned seventeen years after him. Vrian reigned five years after him, and Eliud reigned two years after him. Eldadan reigned fifteen years after him. Claten reigned twelve years after him. Ouirgu_de reigned eight years after him. Mortan reigned six years after him. Bledagh reigned four years after him. Caph reigned one year after him. Gen reigned two years after him. Seysel and King Bled reigned twenty-two years. Tabreth reigned twenty years. Archynall reigned fourteen years. Croll reigned thirty.In the year 32 of Rodgingir, the fifth of Hectir, the sixth of Harpir, the seventh of Carpour, and the third of Digneyll, and in the 24th year of Samuel, and in the second year of Rede, and in the seventh month of Ely, this Ely had three sons: Lud, Cassiballam, and Enemion.\n\nAfter the death of Ely, Lud, his son, ruled and governed the land and city well for eleven years. He lies buried in London. And he had two young sons, one named Adragh and the other Sadoch, of the line of Christ, mentioned in Matthew 1:1-17, but there is no further mention of him in scripture.\n\nJudas, who was angry with the people of Jerusalem, came to the city. Then Judas, having arrayed himself in his pontifical ornaments, came to meet him. And he suddenly took a liking to the bishop and was welcomed and entered the city with peace and joy. And he had the book of Daniel and the prophecy explained to him, which had been spoken about him. And when this was done, he rejoiced greatly. For all the things he had heard in his dream.In due order was fulfilled. And it was likely to him that he should be the same person of whom Daniel prophesied: and took more hardiness to fight with Darius king of Persia: performed the sacrifice: and bade the Jews to ask what they would have, granting that they should keep their own laws for seven years without tribute. After Alexander and his host were slain, the son of Iady was made bishop after his father. Manilius Papirius and Fabius, Romans, feared Alexander, as he was chosen to go against him. And of the gods he was not charged but he scorned and reproved the gods: saying beforehand that an unhappy age should fall: and that to his great loving, holy doctors say,\n\nKing Alexander began to be lord of all the world at this time: and he was called Great Alexander for his great victory which he had in so little time. It was an evil judgment of God's wrath against sinners of that time.\n\nCertainly some miracle our Lord did in helping of His power for him; for see the story of Pamphilion.was decided to him, as in old time the reed was given to the Jews when he persecuted Darius. Also at his prayer, the hills of Cassius were shaken that certain of the cursed Jews might never come out. But at last, in Babylon, with poison he was poisoned and died at the age of thirty-three, in the fifth year of his monarchy, the twelfth year of the kingdom of Macedon.\n\nKnow that when Alexander was dead, those to whom he bequeathed his kingdom could not agree. And then began inf infinitesimal battles. At last, four obtained all the kingdom (Vide plura in Orosius).\n\nAchem of the line of Christ's son, Sadoc, is named Matthias in the scripture, and of him there is no more record.\n\nSymeon was bishop at that time, an holy man. And righteously he was named by the people.\n\nEleazar was bishop after Symeon. This man sent to Ptolemy, king of Egypt, seven men from every tribe to interpret the law of the Jews. This, translated from Hebrew into Greek, was accomplished through a great miracle that so many men should be able to do.Day 122. Translate all holy scripture with one accord (Refer to Augustine's De Civitate Dei). Dolobela, Emilius Marcus Curius. During his consulship at Rome, Dolobela conquered the Samnites. After many battles, Marcus subdued Epitoras and slew 23,000 of his men. Then, King Pyrrhus fled. Pyrrhus sent peace and offerings to him. Dolobela answered and said, \"No battle will cause me to flee, nor money corrupt me. I would rather command riches to do this and this than be rich myself.\"\n\nTonius subdued the city of Argivorum. A legion of knights from Rome he sent to Rome. He caused them to be beaten openly in the middle of the market because they had not properly carried out their duty to the Roman court. For the law was kept so strictly at Rome that if they had failed to observe it, they should be punished. These Romans, and many before and after them, were the most noble men of the world in terms of honesty. And in all:A virtuous manner: As holy doctors say, they set examples to persuade men, not their intentions; for they lack the key to faith. At this time, Ptolemy Philopator was king in Egypt. This Philopator was an ardent worshipper of one god and was very gracious to the Jews, delivering from captivity 20,000 and 300 of them. He did this to please the God of Israel, of whom he had heard marvels. His law he desired to have; it could not be translated into any other language but that of the devout. Certain men attempted to write it among Gentile stories; whom the plague of God struck until they repented. This king sent to Eleazar the bishop, to send learned men. However, Eleazar, as recorded in Matthew 10 and elsewhere in scripture, is not known by that name. Omias, bishop before him, was Symeon's successor, who was a very pious man.A religious man. He rebuilt the Temple of God and encircled the city of Jerusalem with many other good things. Sempronius, Appius, Claudius, Gaius, Artilius, Regulus, and Emelius Fabius were Senators at Rome during this time. This Sempronius fought against the country of Picentes: and almost the entire army on both sides were killed, except for a few Romans who were left alive, and subdued the country. Appius Claudius subdued the Sicarusanas and the country of Penos, and put great effort into it. Atilius Regulus, a noble Senator, overcame three Kings and subdued seventy-three cities, and killed a dragon of a fifteen-foot length. After the war, when he was excessively cruel against his enemies and refused to give them peace, but if they would pay a heavy tribute, they were almost beginning to despair and fought against him and his army, and took him and his host captive. They would never willingly have given tribute, but this most faithful man preferred to die in torment rather than rest and pay tribute to cursed people. His faithfulness was great.louynge gretly saynt Austyn exal\u2223teth. \u00b6Emelius Fabi{us} and Gai{us} wolde haue delyuerde Regulus but they opteyned not. \u00b6Ptholomias Euer gites this tyme was kin\u00a6ge of Egypt a victoryous prynce and a mygh\u00a6ty. This man subdued Siriam & Cirilia\u0304 / and the moost parte of Asie / & tooke ther goodes & brought them in to hys cou\u0304tree. Ptholomeus Philopater / sone to Euergites regned in Egypte .xvii. yere. This man fought ayenst two brethern. Seneleu\u0304 & grete Antiochu\u0304 / & he prostrated many a thousa\u0304de / but neuertheles he preuayled not (Vide plura in Iohe\u0304 su{per} Da\u00a6nielis) \u00b6Hanyball the moost cursed kynge of Peno{rum} & of Affricano{rum} myghtely hoted ye Ro\u2223mayns / for he destroyed them almoost to ye vt\u00a6termest ende / & nyghe the cytee of Rome he de\u2223stroyed. And soo many noble men of Rome he slewe at one time / that thre bussheles ful of gol\u2223de rynges he drewe offyngers. Also i\u0304 a certay\u00a6ne water / of the slayne bodyes of these Roma\u00a6yns / he made as it were a brydge / that his host myght passe. And at the lasteCipio, the noble Syrian, directed his host towards him and routed it. Almost the entire Syrian host of Romans was on the verge of being slaughtered.\n\nLuculus was the consul. Simpronius Valerius, Fulnius Lutulus, Stais, and Cipio ruled at Rome during this time. The Romans had peace for one year alone, and it was considered a miracle that they subdued them.\n\nEpiphanes, the son of Philopater, reigned in Egypt for 24 years. Cleopatra, the daughter of Great Antiochus, was his wife.\n\nAt this time, Antiochus Magnus ruled in the Syrian land of Heliopolis, where he built his temple.\n\nSomon, his son, was the bishop at Jerusalem after his father had fled. There is nothing written about him in scripture, but Matthew names him (as the first Priest).\n\nOnias Pius was the bishop at this time; he was a holy man beloved by God and man, not only by good men but also by evil men. At the end, he was wisely killed by Adrontius (as in 2 Maccabees).\n\nPaulus Terentius Scipio Africanus: these were the Senators at Rome. These two.This text appears to be written in Old English, and there are some errors in the transcription. Here is the cleaned text:\n\nMathias, an holy man and most worthy of all men, hated in his heart the conversion of all sinners, trusting only in the Lord God of Israel (2 Maccabees 2:5, 1:6). He had five sons who shared his love for God. Mathias was not a resident of Israel, but his three sons were.\n\nJudas Maccabeus was made bishop at the age of three years (2 Maccabees 3:1), and he was the son of Matthias. This Judas was the most valiant man who ever was in Israel, a man who had never been equaled before or after. He was a mighty man in battle and offered himself to die as a martyr for the laws of God.\n\nJonas his brother succeeded him for nineteen years. He grew in virtue and governed.This man stood firm in the laws of God, but was falsely killed by Antiochus and two of his sons (Plura, see Juda and his companions in the book of Maccabees). At that time, Antiochus Epiphanes, son of Antiochus the Mighty, was king of Syria. This man was cursed from head to foot, both inside and out, and was therefore figured as Antichrist. He made many martyrs and falsely attempted to enter Egypt, as his father had done, but he was prevented by the Romans. His most unfortunate work, and how he was in distress at Rome, and how the prophecy of Daniel was fulfilled in him, you may see in the book of Maccabees. Quintus Flaminius, Marcius Cato, and Tiberius Gracchus were senators of Rome. This time was so continuous and full of battle that learned men of Gentiles and of the true faith were weary of writing the acts or even remembering them. In these battles, men marveled greatly at the steadfastness of the Romans, for no tribulation, no fear, no hardship could deter them.The Romans, who were among the most wise men in the world, were desired by the Macabeans to continue in battle. Mathon was the son of Sadoc of the line of Crist's gate Iacob (as Mathei states). Simon was the son of Mathias and became bishop at the age of eight. This Simon was a very wise man, and from his youth until his old age, he was always of good conduct and virtuous. He was eventually killed by his brother Elai (as Macha states).\n\nJohn Hircanus was the son of Simon and ruled for twenty-nine years after his father's death. His wife and his five sons were left to govern. The eldest was named Aristobulus, an unwise and unhappy man. With his own mother and three of his younger brothers, he imprisoned and killed them through starvation. Alone, he lived as king and bishop for one year (Refer to Plutarch's \"Maccabees\").\n\nPublius Lucimius, Lucius Emilius, Lucius Lucinius, Lucius Consohinus.Consules att Rome. In whoos ty\u2223me the Cartagynes & the Romayns warred strongely\u00b7 But the Romayns subdued them / entendynge to haue destroyed ye Cartagynes vtterly. But among the Romayns ther was a notable wyse ma\u0304 called Scipio Nauta. And amonge many notable cou\u0304seylers two he gae people that vsed warre For that place nourys\u00a6shed slouth and prouoked lechery \u00b6And how wysely this notable man gaaf counseyll / the tymes folowyng declareth (vide plca in Aug. dei ciuite dei libro .iiii.) \u00b6yet for all this coun\u2223seyll that noble cyte of Carcago was destroy\u2223ed of Cipio & the Senatours. And it brente .xvii. dayes contynuelly Many men there we\u2223re solde / & many men ranne in to the fyre wyl\u00a6fully. \u00b6Corinth{us} this same yere was destroy\u00a6de of the Romayns / the whyche was the ry\u2223chest countree of the worlde. \u00b6Ptholomeus this tyme regned in Egypte / & was famylyer wyth the Romayns. And so longe he & his pre\u2223decessours regned as they kept fydylyte to the Romayns. And knowe euery man that there was none other cause that theThe power of the Romans increased so strongly above other people, but virtue, which abundantly reigned in them, and especially right wisdom, which they used above all things. As long as they kept measures and loved right wisdom, so long they were never overcome. And as soon as they were corrupted, it is read, they were overcome.\n\nIt is had in a certain revelation from God shown to St. Brygue that our Lord God bears witness to these old Romans.\n\nThat none in this natural life lived more righteously. And what lights of faith they showed in the time of Christian religion shall be shown afterwards.\n\nAristobulus was the first king and priest in the Iury. This man reigned alone for one year and took to himself the diadem of the kingdom. And he was not content with what his father gave him in his testament. But he put his mother in prison and his brothers. And therefore he perished wretchedly with his brother Antigonus, who was of his counsel and helped him. (Refer to magisterium in)Historians record that Antigonus, brother of the king, was killed due to the queen's envy. Alexander became bishop after Aristobulus and ruled for 27 years. Despite his sober appearance at the beginning, he revealed his true nature by killing his own brother. In the twelfth year, he slaughtered 1,000 wise elders of great virtue because they exposed his misdeeds. When he was about to die, he left behind two sons, Hircanus and Aristobolus. However, he did indicate that his wife should reign, as she enjoyed the people's favor. During this time, Serius Flaccus, Lucius, Fabius served as Senators at Rome. Battles among them began for the first time. The cause and beginning of these battles was Gaius Gracchus, a powerful man well known to noble Romans. Unable to act against them alone, he rallied the common people, urging them that all lands and possessions should be distributed equally.And they were equally divided, and the money, and so on. And for this reason, there was an insurrection, in which Graccus was killed, and many schemes fell after (see Orosius). In the time of these men, a child was born at Rome with four feet, four arms, two faces, and four eyes. The hill of Etna spewed out fiery lava horrible and destroyed the nearby areas. And Carthage was commanded to be restored. It was fulfilled by the Roman people. And there was great battle in the city of Rome. Fabius with a little host overcame the king of Armenia. And there were drowned an hundred and forty thousand men in the waters of Rome. Ptolemy Alexander was king in Egypt. In his time, Lucerius, a poet, was born, who later became infatuated with women and killed himself. Ptolemy's son ruled after him, under whom Salustius, the noble writer of histories, was born. Ptolemy Dionysius was after this man.Virgill and Oracius were born.\nIacob, Joseph's natural father, is referred to as the son of the line of Crest in Luke and Matthew. Only a little of him is mentioned in scripture. \u00b6Alexandra, wife of Alexander, was bishop in the Iury. In the ninth year, she showed much tyranny if she was made bishop through her feigned holy reverence. \u00b6And Hircanus, her son, she incited to the bishopric, and she arranged that he should reign after. This woman, in the line of bishops, was expelled from the country not because she used the office of a bishop, as it was not lawful for her. \u00b6Hircanus, her son, reigned for thirty-three years. After the death of his mother, he succeeded in the kingdom. In this kingdom, he had little prosperity because he was overthrown. Afterwards, he was restored through the help of the Arabs. And then he was made tributary to the Romans. And so he became a king. At the end, he died wretchedly, for he was deceived through the fraud of the Parthians, whom Antigonus hired against him (vide).The heresy of the Pharisees began at this time. Among them were three sects in the synagogue: Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes. All these were separated from the common practice of the Jews and were enfeebled within it. When it was brought into the town, the entire city was filled with worms. And until the worm of gold was put into the water again, they had a fight with worms. Also, it is written in the chronicles of Rome that Virgil, by conjuring, thickened the air so much that he enclosed his garden with it. He made a bridge of the air, by which he could pass every time he wished. He also asked Marcellus of Naples, new to the Emperor, if he would have a bird taught to kill all birds or a fly taught to drive all flies out of the city. And this Marcellus told the Emperor. He desired to teach a fly to kill all flies. At this time, the common people were greatly annoyed by this.The jury was tried to the Romans for the perpetual rule of two brothers, Aristobulus and Ercanus, who were compelled by them to join the Romans so that they might reign. At this time, three sons appeared in heaven to guard the eastern part of the world. These were brought together into one body. It was a great sign that Africa, Asia, and Europe should be brought into one monarchy, and that the lordship of Anthony the Senator and Lucius Antonii should become one lordship.\n\nMarcus Tullius Cicero, the most noble orator, was a counselor of Rome at this time.\n\nAfter the death of King Lud, his brother Cassibelan reigned and became a good man and much beloved of his brethren. For his good deeds and courtesy, they granted him the realm forevermore to him and his heirs. And after, he made the eldest son earl of Cornwall, and the youngest son he made earl of London. During this king's reign.Cassybolon ruled when Julius Caesar, the Emperor of Rome, came to this land with a Roman army, intending to conquer it. But Cassybolon defeated him in battle with the help of the Britons and drove him out of the land. Caesar returned to Rome, gathered a great power, and came back to this land to give battle to Cassybolon. But he was defeated through the strength of the Britons and with the help of the Earl of Cornwall and Earl London, his brother; Gwenddolau king of Scotland; Corbyn king of North Wales; and Brydei king of South Wales. In this battle, Cassybolon's brother Gaius was killed, causing him great sorrow. And so Julius Caesar left this land with a few Romans who were still alive. Then Cassybolon returned to London and held a feast for all the people who had helped him. After the feast, everyone went back to their own country.After it happened on a day that the gentlemen of the king's household and the gentlemen of the Earl of London's household met to play. A dispute arose among them concerning Elin, the Earl of London's cousin, who slew Ireglas, the king's cousin. Therefore, Elin was sworn to be hanged. But the Earl of London, Elin's lord, would not allow it. The king was greatly angry and vexed towards the Earl, and thought to destroy him. The Earl then sent letters to Julius Caesar, urging him to come into this land to help him and avenge himself against the king. Caesar was glad to hear this news and organized a strong power. He came again into this land for the third time, and the Earl of London helped him with eight thousand men. At the third time, Cassiobolon was overcome and discomfited and made peace with the Emperor for three thousand pounds of silver yielding.After the death of Cassybolon, for as much as he had no heir from his lineage, Andragen, earl of Cornwall, was crowned king and he ruled well and worthily. He was a good man and governed the land. And when he had reigned for five years, Joseph of the line of Christ was brought before Anthony, the senator, who made him secure, and Herod was confirmed as king in his kingdom. Herod ruled strangely over the Jews, and so the kingdom of the Jews ceased as Jacob had said. Titus Livius and Quintius were historians at this time. Octavian was emperor of Rome for 53 years, 6 months, and 1 more, and John the evangelist was alive. The first Mary married Joseph's brother before this.During this time, Sibilla Tiburrina prophesied about Christ to Emperor Augustus. She told him not to believe that he was a god, as the pagans believed, and showed him a beautiful virgin in heaven holding a child in her arms. She said to him, \"This child is greater than you. Therefore, worship him.\"\n\nAt this time, the monarchy of Rome was greatly increasing. And when it came to pass that battles were raised suddenly in various provinces, all men were amazed. They were seized and dedicated to the prince of Rome, so that it might be clearly shown that such an unusual people came not by the labor of battle, but by the power of the very god, that in his nature peoples should reign over the whole world.\n\nHerod Ascolanira was king in Judea. This Herod was the first strange king to reign over the Jews. The master in histories says, he was a noble man and faithful in the beginning, and in all things he had him nobly. He was very wise.Getzel to the Romans and to the people who loved peace. In his old age, when he wanted to please the Romans, he spoke of the birth of Christ. Fearing expulsion from his kingdom as a stranger, he wretchedly killed the Innocents and some of his own children. In the end, he was hated by all people and fell sick and died wretchedly. Mary, the mother of Christ, was born before his nativity, about 15 years old.\nAfter the death of Herod, his son Cymbalinus reigned, a good man who well governed the land in much prosperity. And in his time, Jesus Christ was born of that sweet virgin Mary. King Cymbalinus had two sons, Ginder and Armager, good knights. And when this Cymbalinus had reigned for 22 years, he died and lies at London.\nAt the beginning of the 42nd year of Octavianus the emperor, who began to reign in March, and in the 30th year of Herod the Great, and in the 1st year after Rome was bought, in the 6th month,The conceiving of John the Baptist: the 8th of April: the sixth fermentation at Nazareth of Galilee: from the virgin Mary was conceived Christ our savior, and in the same year was born. That day our lord Jesus Christ was born / a well of oil beyond Tiberias by Rome gushed forth and flowed all day. The golden image fell there, which Romulus had made, and put it in his palaces saying, \"This image shall not fail before a maiden bears a child.\" When Herod ordered him to kill the children of Israel: he was commanded by the letter of the emperor to come to Rome to answer to the accusation of his son Herodion and Aristobulus. And there were three Herods greatly spoken of for their evil deeds. The first was called Herodias, under whom was born Christ, and the children of Israel were slain. The second was called Herod Antipas, the son of the first Herod, under whom John the Baptist preached, and Christ suffered death. And the third was called Agrippa, the son of Aristobulus, the son of the first Herod, who slewIames imprisoned Peter. The first Herod, upon seeing his sons Alexius and Aristobolis through the pretense of his letter sent by the emperor for the succession of his kingdom, disposed of and made Antipas, his firstborn son, to be before them. And when they were speaking of their father's death, he cast them aside, and they went to the emperor to complain of his wrongdoing. In the meantime, the three kings of Colchis came to Jerusalem to see Herod, and when they did not return by him, he thought they were ashamed to come back to him because they had not found the child as he denied. Therefore, in the meantime, he ordered the slaughter of the children of Israel and went to Rome for the citation of the emperor. He took his way by the city of Tarsus, where he burned the ships in which the three kings of Colchis should have sailed to their own country. After a year and certain days, this Herod came from...Rome again: accorded with his sons, and for the consolidation of his kingdom, he was made high priest: and then he slew all the children of Bethlehem who were two years old and younger, and among these was one of his own soldiers. And Aristobolis and Alereus were suspected: inasmuch as they had promised a eunuch a great reward that he should take and kill their fathers, whom he had sheltered. And when Herod heard this, he was grieved, and he slew both his sons. Herod Agrippa, his son, he appointed king. Therefore, Antipater, his oldest son, was planning to poison his father; which Herod Agrippa understood; and he imprisoned his brother, whom the emperor heard about and said that he should be treated as a pig of Herod's, and then become one of his sons, for his pigs he spared and his sons he slew. And when Herod was eighteen years old, he was struck with a great sickness in his hands and feet and in his.members: those who lethes could not come to him due to stench; and so he died. So Antipater his son, in prison, heard of this and rejoiced greatly because of it, and therefore he was killed. Then Archelaus and Herodes struggled for the succession of the first Herode. The Emperor, through the counsel of the Senators, gave the half of the Iury and Idumea to Archelaus under the name of Tetrarch. And he divided the other half into two. Galilee he gave to Herod Antipas. And Iturium and Traconidem he gave to Philo, Herodes' brother.\n\nAnd in that year, Christ came from Egypt. And Archelaus was accused many times by the Jews and was exiled to Gaul. And in that place were set up four Tetrarchs to deal with the unrest of the Jews.\n\nAnd in that year Octavian the Emperor died.\n\nI.N.R.I.\nstylized depiction of cross\n\nChrist, at the age of twelve, heard the doctors in the Temple.\n\nOur Lord. Christ, at the age of thirty, was baptized.\n\nChrist, the Lord,In the year xxx, at the age of 3 and 3 months, all things pertaining to Bishop Annianus Rufus had ended, and Valerius Geaceus succeeded him for 11 years. Valerius openly sold the bishopric to the highest bidder, and there was ample money during this time. Poncius Pylatus was judge and prosecutor in the jurisdiction under the emperor. John the Baptist began to preach under this man, and our Lord suffered death, who was unjustly condemned to death out of fear of them. Tyrus, a certain king, took a child from the poor maiden Pyla, whose name was Arus. This child, named Pylatus in the fourth year of his age, was sent to his father. The king, by his lawful wife, had a child of the same age as Pylatus. Since this lawfully begotten child, as they grew older, exceeded the bastard Pylatus in age, he was filled with envy and slew his brother, the lawfully begotten child. Therefore, he was taken before his father with him.Set him to Rome for pledge for his tribute that he never intended to redeem. At that time, the king's son of France was pledge for his tribute, which exceeded him in strength and chivalry, and he killed him. Therefore, the Romans sent Pilate as a profitable man for the common welfare to the island of Ponto to tame the cursed people. The cursed man who governed that unhappy people, with threatening and promises, and with law and gifts, ensured that none of them dared to act against his pleasure. He was therefore called Pilate of Ponto.\n\nHerod Antipas, in his conquests, with the gracious favor of our Lord, received Pilate and became friends with him. When Pilate sent Jesus to Herod in a white robe, they were made friends.\n\nOvidius Naso died in Ponto in the fourth year of his exile.\n\nAt that time, Tiberius was Emperor at Rome, and he reigned for twenty-three years, and he lived in the year that our Lord Jesus Christ died.After this emperor was in all his ways greatly inclined that there should be nothing suddenly done in wisdom or war, study, books, fair speech, or writing, except he feigned himself to do these things which he would never do otherwise. This emperor understood and trusted in Christ and worshiped him as God. Some men say that at the end he was cruel against people, but it was a great reason for pity that he was ever gracious to his subjects and the poor. He had peace all his days, and destroyed all the people who spoke against Christ without mercy: he exiled Pilate forever. Then he deceased, and a worse one succeeded him.\n\nAfter Eusebius, it is written: Our Lord, at the thirty-third year of his age, chose his twelve apostles: these who made the Creed, that is, the belief. And they made it after the Resurrection of Christ and after the holy ghost was sent to them. When they had chosen Matthias the apostle and each of them made a part as shown hereafter, and this Matthias was chosen between the eleven.A certain man in Jerusalem, named High Ruben, of the tribe of Issachar, had a wife named Cyborea. One night, when Ruben desired to intimately know his wife, Cyborea dreamed that she would give birth to a child of mischief. The child would be a traitor to his king and to all the people of that region. Horrified by this, they put the child in a basket and cast him into the sea. He was carried to the island of Scythia, where the lady of the place had no child by her husband. She feigned pregnancy but failed to give birth. After a little while, the same lady and queen gave birth to a child of her husband, and when the child grew up, Ruben's son, named Judas, often angered him and caused him to weep. The queen saw this and beat Judas.Iudas many times, and after she knew that Iudas was not the king's son, she sent Iudas to kill the king's son. Fearing the law's punishment, Iudas fled with certain exiles to Jerusalem. When he arrived there, he went to Pilate's court, the judge, because Iudas drew him to another. On a certain day, as Pilate looked out of his palaces into an orchard called Ruben, which was very fatherly to Iudas, Pilate desired to have apples. Iudas went to gather apples, and Ruben ran to Iudas to let him take them without leave. When they had quarreled over this, Iudas struck his father on the head with a stone and killed him. Iudas fled secretly after that deed, but it was said that Ruben died suddenly. Then Pilate gave Iudas all the goods that Ruben had and his wife Ciborium, who was the mother of Iudas. Iudas did not deal harshly with her as a master with his wife, and because she wept.And she wailed, for she had put her soul to see and that she was married before her well. It was perceived that Judas had slain his father and wedded his own mother. Then Cyprian his mother and wife made him leave his sin, and then he followed Christ. And he was false to Christ; it needeth not to repeat. And the same year Matthew was chosen, and the Holy Ghost was sent to them, as it is said before.\n\nThe apostles or they were scattered into all the world, they gathered them together in Jerusalem and made the Creed following, that is our belief.\n\nPeter:\nI believe in God, the Father almighty, creator of heaven and earth.\n\nAndrew:\nAnd in the Son, the only begotten, Lord God, our Savior.\n\nJohn:\nWho was begotten of the Father before all worlds, God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten, not made, of one substance with the Father.\n\nJames:\nBy whom all things were made.\n\nThomas:\nWho came into the world, took on flesh, and was crucified under Pontius Pilate. He suffered death and was buried.\n\nThomas:\nAnd the third day he rose again from the dead.\n\nJames:\nHe ascended into heaven and sits at the right hand of God the Father Almighty.\n\nPhilip:\nFrom thence he is coming to judge the living and the dead.\"I believe in the Holy Spirit,\nMatthew\nThe Catholic Church is holy,\nSempronius\nThe communion of saints is the forgiveness of sinners,\nJudas\nThe resurrection of the flesh,\nMatthias\nAnd eternal life. Amen.\nIesus Christus, our savior, rose from death and said to his disciples, \"All power in heaven and on earth is given to me. Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey all that I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age.\" He chose among them 120 disciples. And he had 12 apostles, whom he sent out into all the world to preach. It is not read that there were other orders among the disciples of Christ, of whom the bishops and priests in the church of God yet keep the form. For the bishops succeed to the apostles, and the presbyters to the disciples. To these two orders, the whole church is given as a noble hierarchy (as it is clear in the Decretum of Damasus, pope).\nJohn.\nWrote in Asia in the Greek language: In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things were made through him, and without him was not any thing made that was made. In him was life, and the life was the light of men. The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it.\nMark.\nWrote in Italy but in Greek.\"In the beginning is the gospel of Jesus Christ. (John)\n\nLucas wrote in Greek in the Greek language. (Luke)\nThis took place in the days of Herod the priest and all that. (Luke)\n\nMatthews wrote in Hebrew in the Hebrew language. (Matthew)\nThe book of the generation of Jesus Christ. (Matthew)\n\nPeter, the first pope, a blessed man and a glorious apostle of Christ, was the head of the church for 37 years. He held his bishopric in the east for 5 years and said mass alone and said the Lord's Prayer. Then, after he came to Antioch, he stayed there for 7 years teaching the way of truth. And Simon Magus he discovered deceiving the Romans. Through the love of the faith, he came to Rome in the fourth year of Claudius the Emperor. And there he preached the word of God and showed the falseness of Simon Magus and converted many men to the faith. Then he sent his preachers through various provinces.by whom Christians greatly revered Christianity was increased. He ordered the Feast of Lent, Easter, Advent, and the Emerging days to be fasted by all Christian people, in imitation of the first and second coming of our Lord Jesus. Then, when he had been pope at Rome for 25 years, 7 months and 8 days, he was killed by Nero (as Plautus' acts record). At that time, Baius was emperor at Rome and reigned for 3 years and 10 months. This Gaius was first vicious in living, for he misused two of his own sisters and one of them he married. And after the death of this Kimbalyn, Ginder his son ruled, a good man and worthy, and was of such a high heart that he would not pay the tribute that King Cassibelan had granted to Julius Caesar. Therefore, the emperor who was then called Claudius Caesar was greatly annoyed and ordered a great power of Romans, came into this land to conquer the tribute through strength, and to have it from the king. However, this kingGender and Armer, his brother, assembled and gathered a great host of Britons and raised battle against Emperor Claudius. They slew a large number of Romans. The Emperor had previously one that was called Hamon, who saw the people there slaughtered, and privately cast away his own arms and took the arms of a dead Briton. He armed himself with his armor and came into the battle to the king and said in this manner: \"Sir, be of good heart for God's love, for the Romans, your enemies, will be slain and discomfited each one. And the king gave no heed to his words or speech, except for the arms that were upon him, and deemed him to be a Briton. But the traitor held himself next to the king and privately struck him under the shoulder of his arms. Therefore, the king died and fell to the earth. When Armer saw his brother so dead, he hastily took away his arms and took his brother's arms. He came into the battle among the Britons and earnestly urged them.forto fight and quickly lay down the Romans. And for the arms they thought it had been King Gunder who was slain before, it was uncertain. Then the Britons fiercely began to fight and slew the Romans. In the end, the emperor abandoned the field and fled as fast as he could with his followers to Winchester. And the false traitor Hamon, who had slain the king, began to flee with all his haste. Amager, the king's brother, pursued him fiercely with a fierce heart and drove him to a water source. There he took him. And another struck him down with both hands and feet and head, and hewed his body into pieces. Then he cast him into the water, which came to be known as Hamon's Haven. And after, Amager went to Winchester to seek out Claudius Caesar, the emperor of Rome. And there Amager took him. And Claudius the emperor, through the counsel of the Romans who were with him, granted him a pardon.Claudius gave peas to Armer in this manner. That is, how Claudius the Emperor should give Geneva, his fair daughter, to Armer as his wife. So that this land from that time for ward should he hold in the Emperor's power of Rome, such that no Emperor of Rome should take any tribute from this land other than fealty. And they were agreed. And Claudius Caesar sent to Rome for his daughter Geneva. And as she came, Claudius Caesar gave her to Armer as his wife. And Armer married her at London with great solemnity and merriment. And then Armer was crowned and made king of Britain.\nThis Armer ruled well and worthily / and governed the land right reverently. And Claudius Caesar, in remembrance of this accord and for the reverence and honor of his daughter, made in this land a fair town and a castle. He named the town after his name, Clauestren, which is now called Gloucester.All this was done by the Emperor, who then went to Rome again. And Armager, who was king then, governed the land well and worthily throughout his entire life. Armager took a senator named Westmer as his wife. While Armager ruled, Saint Peter preached in Antioch and built a noble church there. He first sat in his chair in this church and dwelt there for seven years. Afterward, he went to Rome and was made pope until Nero, the Emperor, allowed him to be martyred, and then the apostles preached openly in various lands the true faith.\n\nAfter Armager had ruled for 34 years, he died and lies buried at the ancient city of London.\n\nAfter Armager, his son Westmer ruled, who was a good and worthy man and governed the land well. It happened that news reached him one day that King Rod\u00e9ric of Gascony had come into this land with a large host of people and was dwelling in Scotland. When King Westmer heard these news, he...Let an enormous host of Britons assemble and came to King Roderyk, challenging him to battle. King Westmoreland slew King Roderyk in open battle with his own hands. And when Roderyk's men saw that their lord was slain, they all surrendered to King Westmoreland and became his men forevermore. He gave them a deserted area where they might dwell. And there they went and lived all their lives, numbering nine hundred men among them and leaving but a few at the battle. Their governor and prince was named Berenger. And immediately he began building a town there so they might reside and have a base, and he named the town Berwick-upon-Tweed. And there they settled and became wealthy. But they had no women among them, and the Britons would not give their daughters to the strangers. Therefore, they sailed over the sea to Ireland, brought women with them, and there they settled.\n\nAfter this battle, in which Roderyk was slain, King Westmoreland, in remembrance of his victory,The king Westmer of Britain lies beside the way, a great stone on high, and yet it still stands. And he had it inscribed: \"The king Westmer of Britain slew here his enemy Roderyk.\" At this stone, Westmer founded Westmerloe and named it after his own name. After he had done this, he dwelled all his life time in the country of Westmerland, for he loved that country more than any other, and when he had reigned for twenty-five years, he died and lies at Carlisle.\n\nHis son, King Coil, was a good and worthy man, of good condition, and well governed his land. He was loved by all men, and in his time there was never a dispute or war in Britain. He reigned and was king in peace all his life, and when he had reigned for eleven years, he died and lies at York.\n\nClaudius was emperor at Rome next after Gaius. He reigned for fourteen years.This man came to great Britain, now called England, on the seventh day, to collect the tribute which they had refused to pay to the Romans. After great battles between Emperor Claudius and Armer, king of Britain, an agreement was made. Armer was to marry Claudius' daughter, and they were to live in peace. In token of this, Claudius named the city where they were married after himself and called it Claudicester, now known as Gloucester.\n\nClaudius had three wives. His first wife, Petronia, gave birth to a daughter named Antonia. Petronia died, and he married Messalina. They had a son named Britannicus and a daughter named Octavia. He then married Agrippina and had a son named Nero. Claudius married his daughter Octavia to Nero, his wife's son. For love of Agrippina, his last wife, Claudius killed Messalina, his first wife, lest she help Britannicus and her son.Emperor Agrippina, the last wife of Claudius, feared that her husband would propose Britannicus and him, the apostle. At this time, St. James' body was brought miraculously to Galicia in Spain (Acts 12: The body of St. James was brought by miracle in Galicia of Spain).\n\nNero became emperor after Claudius and reigned for 13 years and 7 months. Nero was a wicked man and caused great destruction in the empire. He would not fish except with golden nets and silk ropes. He was an enemy to no one but good men. He killed his brother, wife, and mother. He also killed Peter and Paul. He would never wear the same cloth twice. All his horses and mules were shod with silver. In the end, he set a great part of Rome on fire. Some say the Romans complained the streets were too narrow. And as he had burned a great part of Rome, Nero said, \"There is space to build the streets wider.\" Then the senators with the common people...came upon him to sleep and he fled by night into the suburbs of the city and hid. Seneca was at this time Nero's master. Juvenal, Iuvenalis, was a poet. Lucan, Lucius Annaeus, was a poet. James the Less, the apostle bishop of Jerusalem, was killed by the Jews in the sixth year of Nero. Marcus Evangelist was martyred in the first year of him.\n\nLinus Iatalicus was pope of Rome for ten years and three months and thirteen days. This Linus and his successor Cletus, through their holy conversation, were made ministers of the church's treasure to the people. Peter being alive attended to praying and preaching.\n\nIt is read of this Cletus that he wrote first in his letters (Salutem et apostolicam benedictionem). Before this time, many of Peter's disciples were killed under Nero.\n\nGalba was emperor at this time and he reigned for seven months. This man was made emperor by the power of Spain in the same land while Nero was living. And after his deathNero brought to Rome the man who came from Spain. He beheaded him and presented his head to the emperor next, yet none of his men helped him. In these days, the great rhetorician Quintilian came to Rome from Spain, and he was the first to teach the science openly. Otho ruled after him for only three months. For Vitellius, who was the president of Gaul, challenged the empire. In the end, there were three great battles between these two. In the fourth battle, Otho saw that he would be overcome and, in great despair, he killed himself. Vitellus ruled after Otho for eight months. For he was a follower of Nero, most particularly in gluttony, and at feasts he could not keep from singing foul songs out of tune. Vespasian ruled next after him for nine years, ten months, and twelve days. The well-governed men of Rome, seeing the cursed succession of Nero, sent for Vespasian.For there he was, Palestine, where Palester and his son Titus had besieged Jerusalem. And who were here that Nero was dead: by whom he was succeeded to Jerusalem, and heard of these cursed men reigning. At the instance of these men, not unwillingly, he took upon himself the Empire. And immediately, as he came to Rome, he overcame the tyrant Vitellus and let him be drawn through Rome, and afterward into Tiber until he was dead, and then let him sail without sepulture, for the people desired it. This man was cursed by wasps in his nose as he lived in our Lord Jesus. And it was the cause why he went to Jerusalem / to avenge Christ's death. He fought ten battles.\n\nCletus, a martyr, was pope for eleven years. This Cletus was a Roman and greatly beloved by pilgrims, saying it was more profitable to the health of a man's soul to visit the place where St. Peter was than any other. And all these great relics are distributed to certain churches in Rome.\n\nThis Titus was so full of virtue that all men loved him.They called him the most delightful of men. He was so generous to all men that he often said no man should leave an emperor with a heavy heart, but should have something of his favor. He would be sorry on the day he had granted no man a benefit. When he was dead, every man in Rome wept for him, as if they had lost their father. Domitian, brother to Titus, reigned after him for 24 years and 5 months. First, the Senate was destroyed by his malice, and much of his kin as well. He began the second persecution against Christian men after Nero, in which John the evangelist was exiled to Patmos after the emperor had put him in a ton of boiling oil but did not harm him. This man was not a follower of his father Vespasian or his brother Titus, but rather like Nero and his kin. For these wicked deeds, he was killed in his own palaces at Rome in the 27th year of his age. Clemens, a martyr.Pope Clement I, successor of Cletus, was appointed to be the successor of Peter. He was concerned that Linus and Cletus might become popes before him, and so he established that a child should be confirmed as soon as possible after baptism. He also wrote the lives of the martyrs and composed many books. He was eventually martyred under Trajan.\n\nNero was emperor after Domitian, reigning for one year and two months. When he was chosen, he persuaded the Senate to repeal the law that Domitian had commanded to be upheld. This allowed Saint John the Evangelist to be released from his exile and return to Ephesus. Nero also wisely chose Trajan as his successor to govern the people after him.\n\nNote.\n\nTrajan Hispanus was emperor for 21 years. This Trajan, many say, was he...Among all emperors, he was the best, yet he was vicious in one regard: for the love of false gods, he was determined to destroy the Christian faith. Some men say this was not done by him alone but by others. In the end of his life, he caused few to die for their faith. And he held Isis in contempt. But Saint Gregory interceded with pity, weeping and praying to our Lord for him, that He would have mercy on him and bring him out of hell, where he was condemned. And now, if he is said to be or not, great uncertainty exists among doctors. And this is written by Chronyeles: it is not within our charge to determine. But all the eastern part of the world: Babylon, Selencia, the utter parts of India, Germany, the second after Alexander ruled. In all these pitiful and meek actions, he guided himself towards every man as a king. He was gentle and ungentle to no man, a trait rare among few. He lived his entire days that.Men said he was the most worthy man in his empire. They thought and said ever more: that no man was more unworthy to be emperor than he. Anacletus, a Greek, was pope for nine years. He urged Christian men: that priests should be worshiped above all other men. Saying: that priests doing sacrifice to God should be honored and not disturbed, but worshiped. Priests, when they said mass, should have reverence with them, especially bishops. He decreed that clerks should wear no beards nor long hair. Also, that a bishop should be consecrated by three, and various other things. At the last, in the twelfth year of Trajan, he was martyred and buried by the body of St. Peter. Pliny the Second, orator and philosopher, wrote much about this man. This man persuaded Trajan to withdraw the sentence passed against Christian people: to write to him that they should do no harm but take heed to virtue. But that they should rise before day and worship their god secretly.The Greek and martyr Euarius was pope for 10 years and 7 months after Anacletus. This man decreed that marriage should be conducted openly, and that it should be blessed openly by the priest, father, and mother. He was martyred in the third year of Hadrian and buried by St. Peter. Alexander, a Roman, was pope for 8 years and 5 months. This Alexander converted most of the senators to the Lord. He established that holy water should be sprinkled into Christian homes. He also ordained that the bread used by priests to sing should be made of pure and clean bread in a small quantity. He was ultimately martyred under Hadrian, who was the emperor at the time. Many were converted to the faith by him. Sixtus, a Roman, was pope for 10 years and 3 months. This man decreed that the \"Sanctus, Sanctus, Sanctus\" should be said in the mass. He also decreed that the holy things of the church should not be touched except by ministers of the church.The corporax should not be made of silk, but of pure linen cloth, unwoven and undyed. A woman should not touch the holy vessel of the water nor the pall. He also ordered that the bishopric be vacant, that no bishop be received into his benefice without the pope's letters. No mass should be said except on water, and he was ultimately martyred.\n\nAdrian was emperor for 21 years. This Adrian, who is also known as Adrian I, came to be revered by Christian men. He was generally gracious, but merciless to those who would not sacrifice to false gods. He was well-versed in all sciences. He had peace throughout his days, but made many laws with the Jews. He then commanded that Christians should not be condemned to death without due process. He subdued Jerusalem again and forbade Jews from dwelling there in any way. Despite his will, he came to the Empire and governed himself well. Whoever you are.Senators urged him to call his son emperor after him; he replied, it is not fitting for me, against my will, to have ruled what I have not deserved. The emperor of Rome should rule by succession of blood, but to such men as have earned it through their merits. He had ruled unwworthily, a king born, and virtue should come before his kingdom. Eustachius, another name for Placidus, and his wife Therospita, along with two of their sons, were martyred by Adrian's command. Placidus was master of the emperor's knights. Jerusalem was restored by Adrian and enlarged, so that the place where Christ died was within it. Helesperus, a Roman, was pope for eleven years. He ordered the angels' hymn (Glory to God in the highest and so on) to be sung in the mass, and the gospel to be read before the consecration. And on Christmas day, three masses were to be sung. He also ordered that no mass was to be sung before three o'clock. And at the:Last he was martyred & buried at St. Peter's. Igneus, a Greek, was pope for four years. This man ordained that a child should have a godfather and godmother at the time of baptism, and also one at confirmation. No archbishop, except the pope, should condemn his suffragan unless the cause was shown in the provincial council of bishops. Then he was martyred & buried at St. Peter's.\n\nAnthony Pius was emperor for 22 years with his sons Aurelio and Lucio. This man was mightily wise and naturally fair-speaked, a trait not often found in one man. Exceeding men in wisdom commonly are not fair-speaked or peaceful, nor contrary. Exceeding men in fair-speech commonly are less wise. This man was endowed with both these properties. Therefore, many kingdoms that had received from other emperors willingly turned back to him. And to Christian men he was no less than kind. He said through the example of Cipio: \"I had rather keep one of these men here than slay him.\"A hundred of my enemies. And some martyrs were made under him, but they were made under the commandment of the Emperors before. The Cyprian people were so hateful towards the bishops and the priests of the temple of the false gods that they provoked the princes against them continually. For they supposed that the Christian faith should destroy them. Therefore, it was no marvel, although the price was displeased; for they said, \"All their gods were devils to them.\"\n\nAt this time, ten thousand martyrs were crucified in Arminea, on a high hill called Arath.\n\nPompeius Trogus wrote histories during this time up to Octavianus.\n\nPius I was pope for eleven years, four months, and fifteen days. He instituted that the feast of Easter should be more honored on a Sunday. He also decreed that an heretic coming from the sect of the Jews should be received and baptized. Then he was martyred and buried in St. Peter.\n\nAnicetus was pope after Pius almost ten years. This man made many decrees.Canon and bishops (vt in Caesar's time, violators. &c. \u00b6Galenus, a man from Pergamo, was renowned at Rome. He not only exposed the books of Hippocrates but added many of them to his own. Of this man it is said, for his discrete abstinence which he used, he lived a hundred and forty years. He never ate nor drank his fill. \u00b6Note: abstinence. \u00b6He never took raw fruits. He always had a sweet breath. He died only through old age and no sickness. \u00b6Marcus Antonius the True and Lucius Commodus were Emperors for nineteen years. These took the Empire after Antonius the Mild, and then two Emperors began to reign, but Lucius Commodus died. And Antonius was Emperor alone, the which was a victorious man and noble, but who made the fourth persecution to kill Christians. This Marcus was of such great sadness and steadfastness, for no chance he laughed nor changed countenance, neither for joy nor for sorrow. And when he was a child, he was of such manhood,that on a certain time when he looked at his treasure and did not have what he might give his knights and men when he went to fight against the Germans, the Slavs, and Sarmatians, he would hurt or harm no one, but preferred to sell his wife's golden vessels and her adornments, her bedding, & all her rich stuff, rather than levy a tax on the Senna.\n\nAfter King Coil ruled, his son Lucie reigned: he was a good man to God and to all the people. He sent to Rome to Evlene, who was pope then, and said, \"I will become a Christian man and receive baptism; I am called Pagan. Another Elibam into this land and baptize the king and all his men.\" And after that, he went from town to town and baptized the people until all the land was baptized. This was in the year 456 after the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ. And this King Lucie established in this land two Archbishops: one at Canterbury, the other at York, and many other bishops who are still in this land. And when these two Legates had baptized all.This land: they ordered priests to baptize children and administer the sacrament; then they returned to Rome. King Lucius dwelt in his land and ruled with great honor for twelve years; after his death, he lies at Gloucester. King Lucius had no heir born to him, which caused great harm and sorrow to the land. After King Lucius' death, none of the great lords of the land would allow another to be king, but they lived in war and strife among themselves for one year. However, after the war ended, a great prince came from Rome named Severus, not for war but to uphold the rights of Rome. But Severus had not even dwelt in this land for half a year when the Britons killed him. When Rome learned that Severus had been slain, they sent another great lord named Allectus, a strong and mighty man, to this land. Allectus dwelled in this land for a long time and caused much sorrow to the Britons.That after pure malice, they chose a king among them named Astelepades. And the Britons assembled and went to London to seek Allec; there they found him and slew him and all his companions. One called Walon defended him fiercely; he fought long with the Britons but was eventually overcome. The Britons took him and bound his hands and feet and cast him into a pool. Therefore, that pool was called evermore Walbrook. Astelepades reigned peacefully until one of his earls, named Coil, built a fair town beside the king's will and let it be called Colchester after his own name. The king was full of wrath and thought to destroy him. He began to wage war on him and gave the earl battle. The earl defended himself fiercely with his power and slew the king in that battle. Coil was then crowned and made king of this land. Coil ruled and governed the land well and nobly, for he was a noble man and well beloved.Among the Brytons, when the Romans heard that Astelepades had been slain, they were extremely glad and sent a great Roman prince named Constantine. He came to King Coil to challenge the tribute that was supposed to be paid to Rome. And King Coil answered well and wisely and said that he would pay Rome all that was right and reasonable with good will. And they agreed with each other in good will and without any dispute. And they both dwelt together in love. King Coil gave his daughter Elaine to him to be his spouse, who was both fair, wise, good, and well-educated. And Constantine espoused her there with great honor. It happened soon after that King Coil died in the 13th year of his reign and lies buried at Colchester.\n\nAfter King Coil's death, Constantine was made king and crowned because he had espoused King Coil's daughter, who was the heir of that land. The aforementioned Constantine ruled well and worthily over the land and begot a child on his wife.Eleyne, a woman named Constance, bore a true faith. And truly, she did all her life to the people of Rome. After King Constance's death, his son Constantine and the son of Saint Eleanor, who discovered the holy cross in the holy land, ruled. And how Constantine came to be Emperor of Rome:\n\nIn that time, there was an Emperor at Rome who was a Saracen and a tyrant, named Maxence. He put to death all who believed in God and destroyed the holy church with his power. He also slew Saint Catherine, and among other Christian people who had feared death, many fled to this land to King Constantine. They told him of the suffering Maxence inflicted upon Christianity, and Constantine felt pity and great sorrow. He assembled a great host and a powerful army and went over to Rome. There, he took the city and slew all who were there that did not believe in God.We are of the belief that he was called Hell one time and Taberne another, and the third Morhyn, who took his land to keep it for the Earl of Cornwall, named Octavian. As soon as Octavian learned that his lord dwelt at Rome, he seized all the land into his possession, and there he did his will among the high and low, and they hailed him as king.\n\nWhen these news reached Constantine the Emperor, he was greatly displeased with Earl Octavian and sent Taberne with 120,000 men to destroy him for his deceit. They arrived at Portsmouth.\n\nAnd when Octavian learned that he had assembled a great power of Britons and had defeated Taberne, Taberne then fled to Scotland. He ordered there a great power and came again into this land to give battle to Octavian.\n\nWhen Octavian heard this, he assembled a great power and came to meet Taberne as much as he could, so that the two hosts met together.Stanfordmore and Strongulus joined forces, and Octavian was disconcerted and fled to Norway. Tabernus ruled over the entire land in his absence, taking control of towns and castles, and as much wealth as they had. When Octavian returned from Norway with a great power, he retook the land and drove out all the Romans.\n\nOctavian governed the land well and nobly, but he had no heir except a young daughter whom he loved as much as his life. Since he was sick and near death, unable to rule any longer, he intended to make one of his new men king, a noble knight and strong man named Conan Merculius, also known as Maximian. Maximian married Octavian's daughter and was crowned king of the land.\n\nMaximian grew so rich that he thought to conquer the land of Armorica because of the great riches he had heard were there. He spared no man of worth, whether knight, squire, or any other.A man took with him thirty thousand knights, leaving no one behind to keep the land, and went to the land of Armorica. There, he killed the king named Imball and conquered the entire land. Afterward, he called Conan and said, \"Since Octavian made you king of Britain, and I caused you distress by not making you so, I give you the land of Armorica, and you shall rule there. And since you are a Briton, I wish this land to bear the same name and no longer be called Armorica, but Britain. The land from which we came shall be called 'Great Britain,' and this will distinguish one Britain from the other. Conan, son of Meridoc, thanked him greatly, and thus he became king of Little Britain. Maximian then went from there to Rome and was made emperor afterward.Constantine and Conan dwelt still in little Britain with much honor, and they ordered two thousand ploughmen of the land to cultivate it, harvest it, and richly fed them after they were done. Since King Constantine and none of his knights or other people would take wives from the French nation, he sent to the earl of Cornwall, who was called Dionoth, that he should bring in 11,000 maidens. That is to say, 8,000 for the common people, and 3,000 for the greatest lords who were to be their husbands. When Dionoth understood this, he issued a command throughout all the land of Britain. And as many as the number came to be assembled of maidens, for there was no man who dared to oppose his commands, for so much that all the land took him to ward and kept him. And when these maidens were assembled, he let them be married off.A man came to London. He ordered the ships prepared hastily and provided all that was needed for the voyage. He took his daughter named Ursula, who was the fairest creature any man knew. He intended to send her to King Conan to be espoused and made queen of the land, but she had made a secret vow of chastity to God, which her father and no other living man knew.\n\nUrsula chose ten thousand maidens to accompany her. She was their lady and mistress, and they all embarked at one time in the Tames River and commanded their kin and friends to Almighty God and sailed towards Little Britain. However, when they were in the high sea, a strong tempest arose as God willed, and Ursula with her ships and her company were driven to Hunland through the tempest and arrived in the harbor of the city of Colyne. The king of the land, named Gowan, was there at the time.The city. When he learned that so many fair maidens had arrived, he took Elga, his brother, and other members of his household with him and went to the ships to see the fair company. When he saw them, he and his companions wanted to overpower them and take away their maidenhood. But Ursula, the good maiden, counseled, prayed, and warned her companions to defend themselves with all their might and rather suffer death than allow their bodies to be defiled. Thus, all the maidens became steadfast in God and defended themselves through His grace, so none of them were shamed. Therefore, King Gowan, who was a Saracen, was enraged and had them all killed on the spot. And so, all the maidens were martyred for the love of God and lie at Coleyne.\n\nAs all this was happening, King Gowan, who was called his brother, said to him that he should conquer the land where all those fair maidens were born.And he ordered a great power of Danes from Denmark, who had previously told that Saint Albon was martyred through King Gowan, who had begun to destroy this land. The Emperor sent a strong man and great power called Gracian with 24,000 fighting men to cast out the Saracens from this land. They all arrived at Portsmouth. Maximian could not come himself, as he had been chosen as Emperor after the death of Constantine, who was called Saint Elian's son. When this Gracian arrived with his host, he had them summoned quietly where King Gowan might be found. He attacked them suddenly as they lay in their beds and discovered him, killing each one without mercy. None escaped except Gowan, who fled to his own country with great sorrow and pain. Soon after, Maximian was killed at Rome through treason. And when Gracian learned of this, he let himself be crowned king of this land.\n\nThis Gracian, whenHe began to reign. He became so wicked and so stern, and caused such sorrow to the Britons that they slew him among them. \u00b6When King Gowan understood that Gracian was slain and dead, he assembled a great power and came again into this land. And if he had first done harm, he did much more. For he destroyed all this land and the Christian people who were in much of Britain, so that no man was hardy enough to name God, and he who did so died an unusual death. \u00b6But the bishop of London, who was called Goscelin, escaped, and went then to the Romans to seek succor to help destroy the Saracens who had destroyed this land. And the Romans said that they had been often annoyed for their sending people into Britain all to help the Britons, and they would no longer do so. And so Bishop Goscelin went thence without any succor or help. And he went to the king of Little Britain, who was called Aldroy, the third king after Gowan.Meryced, as before is said. The bishop prayed for Aldroy of help and succor. And the king had pity in his heart when he heard how the bishop fled and how the Christian men were so slaughtered in great numbers by the pagans and Saracens in Britain. The king granted Constantine his brother to help with the power of the people. And then he prepared horses, armor, ships, and all things necessary for this voyage. And when all things were ready, he called the bishop and said, \"I take you here, Constantine, my brother, upon this condition: you then make him king.\" And the bishop granted this with good will.\n\nConstantine and the bishop took leave of King Aldroy and committed him to God and took with them twelve thousand men and went to their ships and sailed to the defense of great Britain and arrived at Totnes.\n\nWhen the Britons heard these tidings, they were strongly helped and ordered an immense number of people and came to them and received them with much honor.\n\nGowan, knowing of these tidings, came at once.He assembled all the Sarasyns and came against them, giving battle. After the battle, they went to London and crowned Constantine and made him king of this land. The bishop Goscelin placed the crown on his head and anointed him as is fitting for a king. And Christianity began again in this land. Constantine, as he was being crowned, saw his wife through the intercession of the Britons and begat three sons from her. The first was named Constantine, and the second Aurilambros, and the third Uter. This elder Constantine, when he came of age, made himself a monk at Winchester. This Constantine, their father, was killed through treason. It happened once that a Persian came to him on a day in message as it seemed. The king let his chamber be emptied of the men who were there and remained alone with him and the Persian. He made a covenant as though he would speak.With the king in his presence. And there he killed him with a large knife. After that, he went marvelously out of the chamber into another chamber, so that at last no one knew where he had gone. When the king's men knew that their lord was dead, they made such sorrow that they did not know what to do. For as much as his two sons Aurilambros and Utter were so young that they could not be king, and the third was a mere boy, as was said before. But Vortiger, who was Earl of Westsex, thought cleverly in his heart to be king himself. He went to Winchester, where Constans, the monk, was, and said to him, \"Constans said he, 'your father is dead and your two brothers who are with Goscelin, the bishop of London, to nurse them being so young, none of you can be king.' Therefore, I counsel you, leave your habitation and come with me. And I will make such a means to the Britons that you will be made king.\"\n\nThus Vortiger counseled Constans so much that he forsook him.This abbot lived with him. And immediately after he was crowned king by the Britons' consent, King Constantine knew little about the world and could not perform any knightly duties. He appointed Vortiger as his chief master and counselor and gave him all his power to order and do as much as appeared necessary for the realm. He himself remained uninvolved in anything but bore the name of king. When Vortiger saw that he had all the land under his control and governance, he devised a cunning plan to kill Constantine and crown himself king. He sent for a hundred knights from Pehites, the most worthy of the land, and kept them with him to serve as guards for his body as he traveled through the land to arrange matters pertaining to a king. Vortiger honored the hundred knights greatly and gave them generous amounts of gold, silver, and rich jewels, robes, horses, and other things in abundance.They held him in higher regard than they showed the king. Vortiger told them that, if he could be king, they would be rich in the land, as if it were through treason. Eventually, through great gifts he had given, they cried through the court that Vortiger was more worthy to be king than Constantine. Therefore, Vortiger feigned anger and left the court, saying he had things to do. And the traitor, that is, Constantine, was slain soon after. One hundred knights of Pehices broke down the doors of the king's chamber and found him there. They killed him and took his head to Vortiger, who dwelt there. When Vortiger saw the head, he wept tenderly with his eyes, and never afterwards was he in any way glad in his sorrow for his death. Immediately, Vortiger took the one hundred knights of Pehices andbadly their servants bound their hands behind them and took them to London, where they were condemned to death as false traitors. And immediately after all the Britons of the land, with common consent, crowned Vortiger and made him king of the land.\n\nAnother martyr became pope after Ancetum, nine years after, who decreed that a nun should not touch the altar's pale nor put sense to it. And that she should wear a veil about her head. He also saw many strange things concerning matrimony. Therefore, he ordained that no woman should be called a lawful wife unless she was blessed by the priest.\n\nElentherus became pope after Vortiger, fifteen years after, who ordained that Christian men should refuse no reasonable food that was human food (Note).\n\nAlso, that no unaccused man should be deprived of his dignity or degree until he was convicted; through the example of Christ, who kept Judas Iscariot in his company, not accusing him, and knew him to be guilty. And whatever he did among the apostles for the sake of...During his service, he remained firm and stable. He also sent legates to Lucius, the king of Britain: they baptized him and his people. Fagus and Domianus, the legates whom the pope had first sent, preached in England, and this Christianity lasted in Britain for two hundred years, until the time of Diocletian the Emperor, when Saint Albon was martyred.\n\nMarcus Antonius and Lucius Commodus were Emperors next. Marcus died immediately, and Lucius Commodus ruled. Commodus was called profusely shameful, as he was intolerable to everyone. He was given entirely to lechery. He had many senators and Christian men killed. He condemned his own wife to death for adultery. He died a sudden death while struggling among maidens.\n\nHelius Pertainax succeeded him as Emperor, ruling for six months, and was a man of great discretion. He was killed by Julian the Great in the seventh month of Severus.\n\nVictoria was pope after Elentherius, for ten years. And because of the discord over the Paschal issue,During his time at Alexandria, where he was present, and at many other places, he decreed that Easter should be kept on a Sunday, but the observance of the moon in April should differ from the Jews. At that time, the same day that the Jews consecrated as a feast, the bishops of the east advised keeping it. Additionally, he ordered that children should be baptized in every place and in every water. Zephyrinus, a martyr and Roman, was pope after Victor, after nine years. This man decreed that Christians of twelve years of age and above should receive the Lord on Easter day once a year. He also decreed that all the vessels of water should be made of glass or tin, and not of wood, as in ancient times, the consecration of the glorious blood was made in wooden vessels. At this time, Origen, the noble cleric, wrote so much that Saint Jerome said:I have red of Origen's works, which numbered over four thousand volumes, without pagination. He translated the Bible from Hebrew into Greek and accomplished many other great things. The question of whether Origen, Sampson, Solomon, and Traian were damned or saved is a great controversy among doctors. Therefore, those things which we are not bound to know and the church is not certified of them, let them be committed only to God.\n\nCalistus, a martyr and a Roman, was pope after Zephyrinus, teaching the doctrines of Origen. When he came to Rome to convert her, he was made so good to Christian men that he allowed them to have their counsel and prayers by themselves. However, in this time, the cursed officers of him made many martyrs.\n\nUrbanus was pope after Calistus for eight years. He was old and young and was very virtuous. And this man left his papacy and went to Agrippa, taking with him eleven thousand virgins. The clergy said he:Left not his dignity for holiness but for the appetite of the virgins and wrote him not in the pope's book. And there was a virgin martyred with those virgins.\n\nPoncius a martyr succeeded Urbanus. And he ordered that psalms should be sung day and night in the church of God. And a priest should say the Confite before the mass.\n\nAnteros a martyr was pope after this man. This man ordered that a bishop could be removed from one to another. And he had the lives of martyrs written. And he was slain and buried in the Cemetery of St. Calixtus.\n\nMaximianus was chosen emperor in place of Magnocia of the host. He was not chosen by the senators and reigned for three years. He destroyed the church mightily and was slain for Origen.\n\nGordian reigned after him for six years. Little is written about him, but he was slain (During his days, Celus dux Colchestrie reigns in Asclepius in Britain during the years almost thirty before the coming of Constantius).\n\nPhilip was Emperor after him. And this Philip chose for himselfPhilip his son and they reigned for 17 years; they were the first Emperors to be christened, and after the slaughter of their host, they bequeathed all their treasure in their deaths for the disposal of the poor. Saint Lawrence, at the assignment of his master the pope, distributed this treasure around Rome; the reason for his martyrdom was great (Ut quidem dicunt). Decius was Emperor for three years, and in all things a tyrant. He entered the empire after he and the host had slain the two Philipps, his lords. Decius was then slain with his son. Fabian, a martyr and a Roman, was pope for 12 years after Anteros. This was a very holy man. When Christian men were waiting for the election of the pope, suddenly a white dove or a colored cloud descended on his head, saying to him, \"You shall be pope of Rome.\" This man ordained that every year the Chrism should be consecrated on Shrove Tuesday. He also divided regions among deacons, who were to write the lives of martyrs. And in the end, Dionysius slew him. Cornelius.A man named Martyr was pope for three years after Fabian. He took up the bodies of Peter and Paul and placed them in revered locations with Beata Lucina. Lucius was pope for three years after Cornelius, and little is written about him. Gallus and his son Volucian were emperors for two years. They fought with Emilianus and were both killed. Emilianus was killed in the third month. Valerian was emperor for fifteen years. He was virtuous and manly at first, but later given to vice and wretchedness. His son Galen was also affected in the same way. Valerian went to the land of Persia. Therefore, the great blood of the martyrs he had shed was taken by the king of Persia. When he had taken him, he put out both his eyes and kept him in great bondage. He did this to ensure that Valerian would always lie down when he rode, and he would have to set his litter on his back when he wanted to mount his horse. Galen, his son, heard of this.At Rome. This caused him not to be so cruel against Christian men. And here began the eighth persecution of the church by the emperor. He caused the Romans to lose their kingdoms, which were never recovered by the emperor again, and a general pestilence spread throughout the world because of their transgressions.\n\nStephanus, a martyr, was pope for three years after Lucius. This man decreed that no one should wear holy clothes except for the worship of God.\n\nSixtus, a Roman, was pope for two years after Stephanus. He decreed that the Mass should be said over an altar, which had not been the case before, and then he died.\n\nDionysius, a Roman, was pope for two years after him. He divided parishes and churchyards and assigned certain priests to churches.\n\nFelix, a martyr, was pope for two years after Dionysius. He decreed that masses should be said for the memory of martyrs, and he also decreed that the dedication of the church should be said every year.\n\nClaudius was emperor after Valerian.Emperor subdued the Goths nobly and then departed. Evticius, a martyr, became pope after Felix, reigning for eight years. This man ordered that corn and beans should be blessed on the water. He buried 323 Christian men's books that could be found. The two tyrants caused more harm to Christians than any other. The persecution lasted for ten years. As we read, within thirty days, twenty thousand men were killed for Christ's sake. In England, faith was almost destroyed during the time of Maximian. Gaius was pope after Evticius. This man decreed that no man should accuse a bishop or any other cleric to any secular judge. A pagan or heretic should not accuse a Christian. He also decreed that the worthy one should ascend by degree to his order: first Benet, then Colet, subdeacon, deacon, and finally priest. And at last, he was martyred under Diocletian. Arcellinus, a martyr, became pope after Gaius, ruling for eleven years and four months. This man was severely persecuted.for drede of deth he of freed thre cornes of incense to the sacrefyce of the ydolles. And after warde he openly repen\u2223ted / & suffred the payne of deth for the fayth of the chyrche of god. Hys body laye vnburyed thre dayes for dred of the curse of god. And af\u2223ter thorugh auysyon of saynt peter & Marcell he was buryed at saynt Peters foot. \u00b6Mar\u2223cellus was pope after Marcellinus .v. yere. This man ordeyned that a generall counseyl myght not be ordeyned without the auctorite of the pope (vt p\u0290 .xvii. di .c. sinodu\u0304) \u00b6Also he chose .xv. Cardynalles in the cyte to burye cri\u2223sten men. At the last whan he had kept beestes longe tyme in a house closed in with them / by the commaundement of Maximian / he deyed for faute. \u00b6Eusebi{us} a martyr was after this man two monethes & certayne dayes. Thys man of a laye man was made pope / & he ordey\u00a6ned that no laye ma\u0304sholde accuse his bysshop but yf he went fro his fayth (vt p\u0290 .ii.ix.vii.c. laicos) Nato. \u00b6This tyme saynt Albon was martred in Brytayne. This Albon whan he was aA certain man, named Pagan, lodged a man who converted him to the faith and was subsequently sentenced to death. Many people were turned to our Lord by him, who were near the water, which he made dry through his prayers. Pagan suffered death near Verelom (Refer to multiple accounts of St. Alban). Melchides, a martyr, succeeded Eusebius for four years. This man forbade men from fasting on Sundays or Thursdays, as the pagans did. At the end, he was martyred, just like all his predecessors. Understand that there were 33 popes of Rome martyred one after another. Peter was the first, and Melchides was the last. After Gregory, a man it was laudable to desire a bishopric. Galerius was Emperor after Diocletian for two years, and with him was another named Constantius. The empire was divided during these days. Constantius, after conquering all Spain, came into great Britain and there wedded a king's daughter, with whom he had great offspring.Constantinus died in Britain and is buried at York, according to Martyn in his Chronicles, leaving Constantinus who was born of Helena as king of Britain and France. Silvester was pope after Melchiades. This was a glorious confessor, and in many ways he honored the church of God, both in writing and in miracles. He received the primacy of Saint Peter. That is, he obtained the kingdom of Italy with the city of Rome and Constantinople from the emperor. He baptized Helena and the Jews, and then he died as a holy confessor. Constantine the Great was emperor at this time. This Constantine was a glorious and victorious man in battle. In governing the common people, he was very wise. In the necessity of the faith, he was without compare. Devout. His pity and holiness are so written in the books of holy doctors that without doubt, he is to be numbered among Saints.The Greeks state that at the end of his life, he was made a monk. Helena, the queen mother, repaired the holy Cross again at this time and established 12 colleges, glorifying the state of the entire church. Nicholas, bishop of Myra, was also present at this time. Athanasius was bishop in Alexandria, a glorious doctor, who created the (symbolum Quicumque vult salus esse). Marcus was pope after Sylvester for two years and eight months; he decreed that the Creed should be publicly sung in the church, and that the bishop of Rome should consecrate the pope and wear a pall. Julius was pope after Marcus for 11 years, during the reign of Constantine the Second. Constantius, this man, was exiled for 10 years and later suffered death under Constantine the Second. Constantinus with his two brothers ruled for 24 years. In his last days, he was corrupted by the heresy of Arianism.A bishop named Eusebe strongly pursued the Church of God. The outcome was this: as he was about to go to Constantinople for consultations, where he thought he could have confronted the bishop and the clerics of true belief, he went instead to a chamber to avoid such things as nature required. Suddenly, his bowels fell out of him, and thus he met his end.\n\nLiberius was pope for nineteen years and seven months after Julius. Then came the second discord in the Church between Liberius and Felician, due to the heresy of the Arianists who favored Liberius. Then Constantius the emperor recalled Liberius from his exile because he favored this heresy. The Church deposed Liberius and elected Felician as pope, but Felician did not obtain the position, for the emperor put Liberius back in and expelled Felician as a heretic of the Church.\n\nFelician was pope after the death of Liberius. He declared Constantius the emperor an heretic, and immediately after, he was himself declared an antipope and deposed.I. Liberius was martyred. And here was the first that the church of Rome had an infamous pope. For all his predecessors of this Liberius were saints and left holy examples.\n\nII. Julius I (Julian the Apostate) was after Constantius Emperor for two years and eight months. He was called Apostate because he fled from Constantius, who slew his brother. And, out of fear of death, he became a eunuch and a monk. But afterward, by the counsel of necromancers, he asked the devil whether he should be emperor or not. The devil said that he should be emperor on the condition that he should forsake his Christian faith and be utter enemy to Christian men. And so he did. For he granted the Jews that they should rebuild the temple in spite of Christian men. And he took all the goods that Christian men had and destroyed many of them.\n\nIII. Jovian was emperor after him for eight months. When Julian was dead, the host chose Jovian as emperor. And he was a Christian man. And he said it was not lawful for a Christian man to rule over such a multitude.Many heathen people answered and said, \"Rather than he should forsake the Empire, we would be baptized. And thus he took the diginity. But he was soon dead, and in a merciless manner. For he was laid in a choice house after his journey, made all of stone newly whitewashed with lime, in which they made a fire of charcoal for his comfort, as they thought. And in the morning, he was found dead.\n\nValentinian, with his brother Valent, was Emperor after Jovianus, for eleven years. He departed from the Empire and gave his brother the east, keeping the west part for himself. This Valentinian was a lord with Julian the Apostate. And it happened to him once to go into a temple of false gods to do satanic worship. And ministers stood there with water hallowed after the manner with which they sprinkled the lords. This Valentinian struck the minister who cast the water upon him and said, \"I am rather defiled by it than cleansed.\" For this, Julian exiled him. But our Lord Godfor his open confession of his name, he was rewarded with the Empire. His brother Valent converted to Arianism and died in that heresy. This same Valent lived four years after Valentinian with Gratian as emperor.\n\nDamasius was pope after, during the end of the Psalms. And through the power of this pope, Jerusalem translated the Bible from Hebrew into Latin, and then he died as a confessor.\n\nValentinian and Valens were emperors for four years during this time. In this era, churches were reopened and Christian men were allowed to renew the service of God, which had been defended before with emperors infected with heresy, such as Valens and others. Therefore, the church had no liberty while Valens was alive.\n\nA Synod of one hundred and twenty bishops was convened under Damasius pope at Constantinople against Macedonius, an heretic, who denied the Holy Ghost as being very God.\n\nAnd then, the Creed was made, which is sung on holy days in the church.\n\nAugustineA Carthaginian of Africa was this time a noble rhetorician. He was comparable in all philosophy and poetry. Anything a philosopher discovered in his youth, he understood with little effort. At this time, he was sent to Mediolanum, where he was immediately converted and baptized as Saint Ambrose. This man grew into an esteemed doctor of the church. Not long after, he became bishop of Hippo. He lived there for four years and wrote much divinity, as is evident in his writings. [Sicily was pope after Damasius for fifteen years.] He condemned heretics and little else is written about him. [Theodosius, the son of Gratian, were emperors at the time, leading the church until he had penance and made satisfaction for the slaughter of thirty knights whom he had killed in anger at Constantinople. Therefore, they made a law that the sentence of a prince should be deferred thirty days for those who were to be executed, if they might fall in the grace of the prince within the thirty days.]\n\nAbout [this period], there was a certain bishop named Augustine, who was born in Thagaste in Africa. He was the son of a pagan father and a Christian mother. He received an excellent education in rhetoric and philosophy. After becoming a teacher of rhetoric in Milan, he was converted to Christianity by Saint Ambrose. He became a bishop and wrote extensively on Christian doctrine and practice. [End of text]A child was born at Emons castle, divided into two bodies, having two heads and two minds. One slept or ate while the other did not. At the age of two, the one died and the other lived for three days. This was the time of Claudius the poet. Arcadius and Honorius reigned for thirty years. During their time, Rome came close to being destroyed by a king named Alaric. This destruction gave rise to a great blasphemy among the Romans. They claimed that they had never fared well since Christ came to Rome and took away their goods through the preaching of Peter and Paul. However, this Arcadius subdued all his enemies by the power of God and shed no blood. In response to this blasphemy, Saint Augustine wrote a consoling work, which they call \"The City of God.\" Honorius was emperor with Theodosius his brother's son for fifteen years. He was a holy man. He had two wives but died a virgin with both. He particularly loved the church and hated injustice.Heretiques. Jerome died at this time in Bethleem in the year of his age 77. Sanctus Heracides, who wrote the Vitae Patrum to Lapsus the bishop, was present. John Chrysostom was exiled by Eudoxia, the wife of Arcadius, and through her son he was killed. Anastasius succeeded Serarius for three years. This man decreed that everyone should stand at the ready of the holy gospel. He also decreed that a lame man should not be a priest. Innocentius was pope after Anastasius. This man ordered that the sick should be anointed with holy oil. At mass, the kiss of peace to be given, and he condemned Pelagius, an heretic, and many other things (as is recorded in book 26, question 1).\n\nZosimus was pope after Innocentius for two years and eight months. This man decreed that clerks should not be tavern keepers or sell wine, and that a bald man should not be made a priest, nor should he wash the water, nor should he immerse himself in it.\n\nCelestine, a Roman, was pope after Bonifacius for eight years and nine days.Ordeened the psalm before mass (Iudica me Deus. &c.). At the beginning of the mass should be said a verse of a psalm, and at the Gospel, and that the Offertory should be said before the consecration. This same man sent St. Patrick to Ireland to convert the land, and Palladius deacon of Rome to the Scottes.\n\nIn the fourth year of this man, there was a general synod at Ephesus of three hundred bishops against Nestorius, an heretic.\n\nTheodosius the younger, with Valentinian his new co-regent, reigned for 27 years. In his time, the feast was ordained, which is called the Advent of St. Peter. And in his time, St. Augustine died, in the year of his age 76. And at this time, the Seven Sleepers were raised, who had slept for two hundred years. This man died at Constantinople, and was buried there.\n\nThis time, the Saxons entered England, and soon grew mightily by little and little. And at last, they obtained all the land.\n\nSixtus, a Roman, was pope after Celestinus VIII.This was a holy man and a meek one, named Leo Tuscus, who built Santa Maria Maggiore. After Sixtus, he became pope. This man was as holy as any other. Five times a day or more, he would say mass. One time, after a certain woman kissed his hand, he was tempted by her. For the transgressions he had committed, he imposed penance upon himself, having his hand struck. When the commotion arose, preventing him from saying mass as he was accustomed, he was truly sorry. He devoted himself entirely to prayer to the Virgin Mary for help. And the Virgin Mary restored his hand, enabling him to say mass as he was accustomed. This miracle was openly displayed to all people. During the time of this pope, Marcian the Emperor was present, along with the Fourth Council of Calcedon, which convened 600 bishops and 300 other bishops against Eugicem the Abbot of Constantinopolitan and Alexandrum the bishop, who denied the true presence of Christ.In the time that Marcian and Valentinian were Emperors, seven years. During this time, the great Synod was convened, when Eutychius and Dioscorus were condemned.\n\nIn the time that Marcian was Emperor, Vortigern was king in Britain, now called England. In whose time the Saxons came into Britain and made many kings. That is to say, as is clear from the Chronicles, seven kings in England, and during this same time, the Emperors and Popes. Therefore, the Chronicles of England will be brought together so that we may treat of Alaric. In whose time the Danes came into England. And the Popes, Emperors, and other kings did the same.\n\nThis time came the Saxons, who were pagans first, into Britain under Vortigern, who was crowned king.This land. At this time, those who kept Constantine's two children, that is, Aurilambros and Utter, were under the guardianship of Goscelin, the bishop of London, after their father's death. Constantine did not dwell in this land with these children, but conveyed them to the king of Little Britain instead. For he knew of Vorter's treason who had been made king. Through him, Constantine the elder brother was slain. Therefore, the hundred knights of Pehites were put to death and bore the blame, as Vorter had not known of it or consented. Fearing that Vorter would put them to death through his treachery and deceit, as he had done the brother before, the keepers of these two children were taken across to Little Britain. The king received them with great honor and allowed them to be nursed there. They dwelt there until they became fair knights and strong. They sought revenge.Upon Constance and their brothers, when they saw the time, they acted as you shall hear in order. It was not long after that the tides came oversea to the kin of the hundred knights of Pehites, who were condemned and put to death through Vortiger in this land. Therefore, they were very angry and swore to avenge their kinsmen's deaths. They came into this land with a great power and robbed in many places, and slew and caused all the sorrow that they could. When Vortiger knew this, he was filled with sorrow and greatly distressed. In another place also came tidings to him that Aurilambros and Utter his brother had assembled a great host to come into much Britain, that is, into this land, to avenge Constance and her brothers' deaths. So in one half and in the other, he was brought into such sorrow that he did not know which way to go.\n\nSoon after this sorrow, tidings came to Vortiger that a great number of strangers had arrived in the land.The king sent a messenger there immediately, ordering some of them to come and speak with him to learn what kind of people they were and what they demanded, as well as their destination. Two brothers, masters and princes of this strong company, were dispatched. One was named Engist, and the other Horne. Engist went to the king and explained the reason for their arrival. They were from a country called Saxony, which is part of Germany. The land is so overpopulated that it cannot sustain its people, and the masters and princes who govern it have summoned the bravest among them to fight and those who are most capable to travel to various lands. They would give them horses, harnesses, armor, and all other necessary items. Afterward, they would tell them:They go into another court where they were welcomed, as they had been before in the courts of the earls. And therefore, Sir King, if you have anything to do with our company: we have come into your land. And with good will, you would serve your land, keep it, help and defend it from your enemies if you need.\n\nWhen Vortiger heard these tidings, he said gladly that he would hold with them on such a covenant: if they might deliver his land from his enemies, he would give them reasonable lands where they should dwell forevermore.\n\nEngyst thanked him greatly. And in this manner, he and his company of eleven thousand should dwell with King Vortiger. They did much through their boldness: they delivered his land from his enemies completely.\n\nEngyst prayed the king for so much land that he might make a city and for himself and his men.\n\nThe king answered, \"It is not to be done without the consent of the Britons.\"\n\nEngyst prayed him again as much as he could with a skin's thickness.When he had made a castle, he was granted permission by the king to have a magician reside there. Thor took a bull's hide and cut it to size at a marked place with a thong. Once the castle was built and well fortified, Thor secretly sent a letter to the country from which he had come. He requested that they bring a hundred ships filled with strong men and capable fighters, as well as Ronowen's daughter, the fairest creature a man could see.\n\nWhen those people arrived whom he had summoned, he took them into the castle with great joy. And on one day, he went to the king and respectfully asked him to visit his new manor that he had built with the marked area of the bull's hide. The king granted him permission immediately. And with him went the king, who was pleased with the castle and the fine work, and they feasted and drank together with great joy. When night came for the king.Vortiger should go into his chamber to take his night's rest. Ronowen, it was Engist's daughter, came with a golden cup in her hand, and knelt before the king. She said to him, \"Wassaylle.\" The king knew not what it meant or what he should answer, for neither he nor any of his Britons could speak or understand English. But a Latin man explained it to the king, and he was to drink. And that was the first time that \"wassail\" and \"drink-hall\" came into this land. And from that time until this time, it has been well used in this land.\n\nKing Vortiger saw Ronowen's fairness and laid his arms about her neck. He sweetly kissed her three times, and immediately he was enamored of her and asked Engist, her father, for her hand in marriage. Engist granted him this condition, that the king should give him all the lands that he held.The king of Kent allowed him to dwell there and his people. The king granted this privately with a good will. And immediately he wooed the damsel, which caused great confusion for himself. Therefore, all the Britons became so angry because he wooed a woman of misbelief. Consequently, they all left him, and nothing helped him or aided him in anything he had to do.\n\nThis man went into Kent and seized all the land into his hands for himself and his men. He came with a little army of such great power and so many people that men did not know for a long time which were the king's men and which were Est's men. Therefore, all the Britons feared him and said among themselves, \"But if they do not take other counsel among themselves, the land will be betrayed through Est and his people.\"\n\nVortiger, the king, had begotten three sons with his first wife. The first was named Vortimer. The second was named Catigern. The third was named Passent.\n\nThe Britons each in turn.assent chose Vortimer to be their lord and sovereign, and counselor in every battle, and crowned him king. They would not suffer Vortiger any longer to reign, due to the alliance between Vortiger and the English.\n\nThe Britons organized a great host to drive out Vortiger and his English company from the land, and gave him three battles. The first was in Kent, where he was lord; the second at Tetford; and the third in a half-shire near Colchester. And in this battle they met. Catagien and Horne, Vortiger's brother, were there, so that each slew the other. After Vortimer's death: the Britons, by their common assent, made Vortiger their king upon this condition: that he should never again allow Engist or any of his sons to come into this land.\n\nRhiannon the queen privately sent a letter to Engist, informing him that she had poisoned Vortimer; and that Vortiger had poisoned her.Lord Edward once again wore the crown and ruled. And it was reported that he would return to this land, well-prepared with a large army, to avenge himself upon the Britons and reclaim this land again. When Vortigern heard these tidings, he took great joy. He quickly assembled an army of 15,000 men, all of whom were valiant in battle, and came into this land. When Vortigern was told that Engus was returning with a great power into this land, he summoned his Britons and went out to meet Engus for battle and his people. But Engus was afraid of the Britons, for they had driven him back and defeated him with strength before. Therefore, this Engus prayed for a truce day, and said he had not come into this land for battle, but to have his land back if he could come to terms with the Britons, and to have their love and grace. King Vortigern, through the counsel of his Britons, granted him a truce day. And thus it was arranged through the Britons that the same day should be observed.By the side of Salisbury, on a hill. And Engyst should come thither with four hundred knights, and the king with an equal number of the wisest men of his land. And on that day, the king came with his council as it was ordained. But Engyst had warned his knights privately, and then commanded that each one of them should put a long knife in his hose. And when he said, \"Fair sirs, now is the time to speak of love, and each man should draw out his knife and slay a Briton.\" And so they slew 121 knights, and with much sorrow, many of them escaped. And the king defended himself there, but was taken and led to Thongcastle and put in prison. And some of Engyst's men wished that the king had been burned alive, and that Engyst himself should have his life, and give up all the land, towns, castles, cities, and boroughs to Engyst and his people. And all the Britons fled into the woods, and there they held them captive. Engyst went through the length and breadth of the land.Seized all the land with force. In every place, let them cast down churches and houses of Religion. Wasted and destroyed Christianity throughout this land. And let the name of this land be called England: no man of his time was so bold after that time to call this land Britain: but called it English land. Then he departed all the land to his men: and there made seven kingdoms to strengthen the land, so that the Britons should never come there again.\n\nThe first kingdom was Kent: there Engist himself reigned, and was lord and master over all the others.\n\nThe other kingdom had Sussex (now called Chichester).\n\nThe third kingdom had Wessex.\n\nThe fourth had Essex.\n\nThe fifth had East Anglia: it now is called Norfolk.\n\nThe sixth had Leicestershire, Northamptonshire, Hereford, and Huntingdon.\n\nThe seventh had Oxfordshire, Gloucestershire, Winchester, Worcester, and Derbyshire.\n\nAs Engist had departed all the land in this mannerBetween his men: and in Lyndon, Vortiger was released from prison and allowed to go where he wished. He took his way and went into Wales, where his Britons dwelled, for the land was strong and difficult to conquer. And Engyst Hill of Breigh, but it happened that all the work the masons made in a day fell down at night, and they did not know what it might be. The king was greatly troubled by this chance and did not know what to do. Therefore he sent for the wisest clerks and learned men throughout Wales, for they should tell why the foundation so failed under the work, and they should advise him what was best to do. And when these wise men had spent a long time studying, they told the king that he should seek a child born of a woman who had never known a man, and that child should be slain and its blood used to temper the mortar of the work. And so the work would endure forever.The king heard this, he commanded his messengers immediately to go through Wales to seek out that child if they could find him and bring him forth to him. And in record and witness of this king, he gave them his letters that they should not be disturbed by anyone. The messengers then went, and they spoke so quickly that they came to a town called Carmarthen. And as they passed by, they found two children, aged twenty-four, quarreling with each other. One of them said to the other, \"Donnebat said I, you do wrong to quarrel or fight with me, for you have neither wit nor reason as I have.\" \"Indeed Merlin said I,\" he replied, \"you have no wit or reason.\" I make no force. For commonly it is said that you have nothing of God Almighty since you had no father, but every man knows who was your mother.\n\nThe messengers of King Vortiger, when they heard the quarrel between the two boys, asked those standing beside them:When Marlyn was born, and who nursed him. And the people told them that a great nobleman had borne him in Carmadyne, who was called Adhar. But no one could ever know who his father was.\n\nWhen the king's messengers heard these tidings, they went again to him who was guarding the town and told him the king's will and showed him his letter why they had come there.\n\nMerlyn and his mother were fetched before the guardian of the town. He commanded them to go to the king as it had been ordained by his messengers. Merlyn and his mother went then and came before the king and there they were received with much honor. And the king asked that lady if the child was hers and who had begotten him. The lady answered tenderly weeping and said, \"I had never had company of a worldly man. But, sir, I was once a young maiden in my father's chamber, and other men of great lineage were in my company, who often went in and out to please and console me.\" I was left alone.in my chambre / wolde not goo e for\u2223sayd maner / so that he begate this childe. But neuer myght I wyte what he was.\nSO whan Merlyn hadde herde all that his moder hadde sayd. He spake to the kynge in this maner. \u00b6Syre how I was begoten axe ye no more For it be falleth not to you ne to none other to wyte. But telle me the cause wherfore I am to you brought & wher\u2223fore ye haue sente after me. \u00b6Truely sayd the kyng / my wyse couseyllers haue done me to vnderstode / yt ye morter of a werke that I haue begonne / behouety to be thempred with your blood / or the foundament shall fayle for euer more. \u00b6Syr sayd Merlyn. wyll ye slee me for my blood to tempre with your morter. ye sayd the kyng / or elles my castell shall neuer stande as my cou\u0304seyllers do me to vnderstonde Tho- answerd Merlyn to the kyng. Syr he sayd he sayd / lete them come before me those wyse cou\u0304\u00a6seylles & I woll preu they saye not well ne tru\u2223ly. And whan ye wyse men were comen. Mer\u2223lyn axed yf his blod were ye cause to make this werke to sto\u0304de &endure. All though wise men were abashed and could not answer. Merlin though said to the king, \"Sir, I shall tell you why your work thus fails, and may not have built your tower a great pond of water, and in the bottom of the pond beneath the water there are two dragons. One is white, and the other red. They fight against your work continually. Your men come to the pond and cause your men to take away all the water out. Then you shall see the dragons, as I have told you, fighting together. This is the cause why your foundation fails.\"\n\nThe king immediately let them dig under that place. Men came to the pond, and they let the water out. And there they found two dragons, as Merlin had told them, fiercely fighting together. The white dragon fiercely assaulted the red, and laid upon him so strongly that he could not endure, but withdrew and rested in the same cave. And when he had rested a while, he went before and assaulted the red dragon angrily and held him.The king and his men, who had witnessed this battle, were greatly astonished and asked Merlin to explain its meaning. Merlin replied, \"I will tell you. The red dragon symbolizes yourself, and the white dragon represents the Saxons who first took and held your land, with whom you waged war and subjugated. But the Britons of your lineage overcame them and drove them away. Upon your return, the Saxons regained this land and held it forevermore, driving out the Britons and doing with it as they pleased, even destroying Christianity throughout this land. You once experienced great joy with their coming, but now it has turned into great damage and sorrow for you. The brothers of Constantine, who was the king that you allowed to be killed, will avenge this.\"come before a quizemes passed with great power from little Britain. They shall avenge the death of their brother. And they shall first bring sorrow upon you, and afterward they shall kill a great part of Saxons, and shall drive out all the remainder of the land. Therefore, stay here no longer to build castles or other works. But go elsewhere to save your lives. I commend you to God. I have truly told you of the things that shall befall.\n\nUnderstand well that Aurilambros shall be king, but he shall be poisoned, and his reign will be short.\n\nMerlyn and his mother departed from the king and returned to Carmarthen. Soon after, news reached the Britons that Aurilambros and his brother had arrived at Totnes with a great host. The Britons assembled and went to receive Aurilambros and his brother with great nobility. They brought them to London and crowned Aurilambros as king and did him homage. He asked another.Vortiger, who could be found, was determined to avenge his brother's death and wage war on the Paynems. They told him that Vortiger was in Wales, so they led him there under guard. Vortiger knew that his brothers were coming to conquer him, and he fled to a castle called Gerneth, which stood on a high mountain. Aurilambros and his brother and their men had besieged the castle for a long time, as it was strong and well fortified.\n\nAt last, they attacked wildly with fire and burned houses and men, as well as all that was within the castle. Vortiger was among those burned to death. Engist was in Kent and ruled there. He heard this news and another fled, intending to seek refuge in Scotland. But Aurilambros and his men met him in the northern countryside and engaged him in battle. Engist and his men defended themselves throughout.That they might. But he and his people were discomfited and slain. Octavian's son, Octa, fled to York. And Aprilambros followed him eagerly. Octa resisted him for a little while, but afterwards he put him to mercy. Aprilambros received him and gave him the country of Galway in Scotland, and there they dwelt.\n\nKing Aprilambros went through the land, putting away the name of England, which Engist had called it before. He let it be called again Great Britain, and allowed the building of churches, houses of religion, castles, cities, and towns. And he came to London and allowed the walls of the city to be rebuilt, which Engist and his people had thrown down.\n\nThe Britons led him to the mount of Ambrian, which was once a house of religion, destroyed through the pagans. A knight named Ambrosius, who had founded that house, was therefore called the mount Ambrian.And after it was called Ambresbury. The king Aurilambros let amend and rectify the house of Ambresbury, and in it placed monks. Now there are nuns not far from the place that was called Salisbury, where the Saxons slew the Britons, and Engist and they should have made a truce. In this time were slain a thousand knights, sixty-one through treason of Engist. The king of this land felt great sorrow and intended in his mind to create a monument of stone that might endure to the end of the world. They sought counsel on what was best to do. The bishop of London, called Ternekyn, spoke to the king and advised him to inquire further. Merlin. For he could best tell how this thing might be accomplished. Merlin was sought and found and came to the king. The king told him his intention regarding the monument. Merlin answered the king and said, \"There are great stones in Ireland.\"Long upon the hill of Kyne, called Gyaunte's carol. And if they were in this place as they were there, they would endure forever in remembrance of those knights who had entered here. Per may fo' sayd the king as he had heard stones were in my land as in Ireland.\n\nSoth said Merlin. But in all your land are none such. For Gyaunte's men set them for their great good. For at every time that they were wounded or in any manner hurt, they washed the stones with hot water. And then they were healed.\n\nAs soon as the Britons had heard of this thing, they went and swore among them they would go seek those stones. They took with them the king's brother to be the captain and five thousand men. And Merlin counseled them to go to Ireland and so they did. And when the king of Ireland, who was called Guillomer, heard that strangers had arrived in his land, he assembled a great power and fought against them. But he and his people wereThe Britons went before them, and climbed up to the mount of Kynan. But when they saw the stones and the manner in which they stood, they had great marvel and said among themselves that no man should be able to move them for any strength or engine so great and so long they were. But Merlin, through his craft, removed them and brought them into their ships and came again into this land. And Merlin set the stones there, and the king was pleased and richly rewarded him at his own will. And that place was called Stonehenge henceforth.\n\nIt is worth noting that Vortiger's son lived at the same time and came into this land with a great power and arrived in the north country and wished to be acknowledged as heir to his father Vortiger, strongly trusting in the company he had brought with him from the land of.King Germain had conquered all the North country up to York. And when King Arthalobras heard this, he assembled a great power of Britons and marched to fight Pascent and his people. But Pascent was defeated and escaped with some of his men to King Guillimer and asked for help and support. King Guillimer granted him aid with good will and said that he would help him, on the condition that I myself must go with you to Britain. I would avenge the Britons the more for they came into my land and took the stones called Giant's carrol.\n\nKing Guillimer ordered his ships prepared and went to the sea with fifteen thousand men. He arrived in Wales and began to plunder and cause much sorrow.\n\nIt happened that King Arthalobras fell ill at Winchester and could not help himself. So he sent in his name his brother Utter to help Wales. And there Utter went as much as possible.The king of Ireland and Passent heard told that Aurilambros was sick, and a Saracen named Cappa came to him, saying, \"Sir, dwell here in peace with your host, and I swear to you through my friendship that I will kill King Aurilambros who is sick. Then Passent said, \"If you do so, I will richly reward you.\" Cappa put on religious habit, had him shaved, and came to the king's court, saying that he would go out to the field until he was awakened, and thus he escaped. For no one had suspicion of him because of his habit that he wore, nor because of his broad shaven crown. But when the king's men knew that he was dead, they became very sorry, and they quickly sought the traitor, but they could not find him. For Cappa turned again to the host from where he had come.\n\nAfter King Aurilambros was dead and poisoned at Winchester, on the morning after his death about,In the time of Primus, a great and clear star was seen, with a bright beam emerging from it, resembling the sun. At the base of the beam, a dragon's head appeared, and from its mouth came two large lights, as bright as any burning fire. The star moved towards the west and stretched over the sea in that direction. From the same star, seven clear and long beams emerged.\n\nMerlin saw the star and gazed at it for a long time. Then he sighed and wept tenderly. He said, \"Alas, alas, that such a noble and worthy king is dead. I understand that Aurilambros, your brothers, have been harmed. I see in this star that you are signified by the dragon's head, which is your own self, destined to become a king and reign. And by the star that stands guard to the east, it is understood that you will father a son who will conquer all of France and the lands belonging to the crown ofKing France will be angrier and of greater honor than any of his ancestors. The branch that stretches towards Ireland foreshadows that you will have a daughter who will be queen of Ireland. The seven branches signify that you will have seven sons, each of whom will be king and reign with great honor. Do not linger here but go and give battle to your enemies and fight them boldly, for you will overcome them and gain the victory.\n\nAfter thanking Merlin heartily, he took his men and went to wage war against his enemies. They fought fiercely together and he defeated his enemies and destroyed them. He himself slew Paschal, Vortigern's son, and the Britons slew Guillomer, king of Ireland, and all his men.\n\nAfter another battle, he set out to wage war against Winchester to make entry for Aurilambros, his brother. However, the body was borne to Stonehenge with great honor, which he had caused to be built.Rememberance of the Britons who were slain through the treason of Engist on the day they should have been accorded. And in the same place, Aurelambros, in the second year of his reign, entered with all the worship that belonged to such a king. May God have mercy on his soul. Amen.\n\nAfter the death of Aurelambros, his brother was crowned and reigned well and worthily. And in remembrance of the dragon he was likened to, he had two dragons made through the counsel of his Britons. One he had born before him in battle, and the other he kept at Winchester in the bishop's church. For this reason, he was called Ever after Uther Pendragon.\n\nOcta, Engist's son, came to power but little time after. And against him, war began. He ordered a great power of his friends and kin, and of Osse, his brother, and had taken all the land from Humber unto York. But those of York held strongly against them.And would not allow them to enter the city / nor yield the city to them. He besieged the town at once and launched a strong assault. But the citizens held out steadfastly. And when Uther heard of this, he came there with a great strong force to help and relieve the town, and put an end to the siege, giving a strong battle. Octa and his company defended themselves as well as they could. But in the end, they were discovered and the majority were killed. Octa and Ossa were taken and imprisoned in London. And Uther dwelt for a while at York, and afterward went to London. And at Easter, he wished to be crowned and hold a solemn feast. He summoned all his earls and barons, ordering them to come to the feast. And all those who had wives were to bring them as well. And all the lords came at the king's commandment as they were commanded. The feast was richly decorated and held. And all worthy persons were summoned to meet thereafter.They were present. Earl Gorlois of Cornwall and his wife Igrayne sat next to the king. When the king saw the fairness of that lady and the beauty she possessed, he was immediately enamored of her beauty and often made charming glances and laughter in her direction. At last, Earl Gorlois perceived the king's furtive glances and laughter, and the love between them. Earl Gorlois rose from the table in anger and took his wife with him.\n\nThe king immediately sent for him to return and not to be angry with him. Earl Gorlois refused to return in any way.\n\nTherefore, the king was angry and defied him as his deadly enemy. Earl Gorlois went to Cornwall with his wife in the castle of Tintagil.\n\nThe king raised a great army and came to Cornwall to destroy Earl Gorlois if he could. But he had put him in such a strong and well-prepared castle called Tintagil, and would not yield him to the king.The king stayed for fifteen days, unable to make progress against Igraine, with whom he had fallen deeply in love. At last, he summoned a knight named Uwain, who was particularly close to him, and confided in him his plan to make Uwaine a knight and entrust him with a knight he greatly loved. They then set off for the castle, accompanied by Uwain's chamberlain, Merlin. Upon their arrival, the porter claimed it was his lord's castle. When it was time for bed, the king went to bed with Igraine, the earl's wife, and consummated his will with her. Their son, named Arthur, was born that night. The same night that the king lay with Igraine, the king's men launched a great assault on the castle. The earl and his men valiantly defended it.The earl defended, but in the same assault, he was slain, and the castle was taken. The king then turned to Tintagil and married Igraine with great honor, making her queen. Shortly after, she gave birth to a son named Arthur. A daughter followed, named Amyas. When she came of age, a noble baron, lord of Lyons, wedded her.\n\nWhen Utter had ruled for a long time, a great sickness, as if a sorrow, came upon him. At the same time, those who kept Octavian, Engestus' son and Ossa his brother, who were in prison, were released for great rewards and went with them. Once the two brothers had escaped and returned to their own country, they organized a great power of people and began to wage war against the king.\n\nAnd since King Utter was sick and unable to help himself, he ordered the fair city to be fortified.Saint Albon was martyred, and after that, the city was destroyed with penances through war, and there they had sent Octavian and Ossa and their people. They entered the town and made sure of the gates. The king came and besieged them, and made a strong assault, but those within defended manfully. The king ordered his guns and engines to break the walls, but the walls were so strong that no man could harm them. Octavian and his people had great contempt that a lying king had them besieged. They took counsel among themselves to stand up early in the morning and come out and give battle to the king, and they did so. In that battle, both Octavian and Ossa were slain, and all the others escaped and fled to Scotland, where they made Colgyn their chief. The Saxons who were alive and had escaped from the battle brought back a great strength and among them they said that if King Uth were dead, they should well conquer.The land and thought to send envoys to the king and ordered men to carry out this deed. They ordered them there where the king was dwelling and clothed them in poor wear to expedite their false purpose. But nevertheless, all their deceit and cunning could not come close to the king. However, at last they spied that the king drank no other liquor but only water from a clear well. On a certain day, these false traitors precisely went to the well and put poison in it, so that all the water was contaminated. And immediately after the king had drunk from that water, he began to swell, and soon after he died, and those who drank from that water also died. And immediately, people of the town stopped up the well forever. When the king was dead, his people bore him to Stonehenge with great solemnity of bishops and barons who were there to bury him beside Ambrosius his brother.\n\nArthur was made king.The young Colygren was only fifteen years old, but he was fair, bold, and sturdy. He was good and courteous to common people, generous with spending, and well-loved among those who needed him. When he began to reign, he swore truly that the Saxons would never have rest or peace until he had driven them out of the time that Octa was dead. And this Colygren was discomfited and fled to York, taking the town, and there he was held. The king besieged him there but could speak nothing, for the city was so strong. And those within the town kept the city well and orderly.\n\nMeanwhile, Colygren let the town go to Bladulf, who was king of all Germany, to have his support. The king assembled a great power and came and arrived in Scotland with one hundred and fifty ships. And Arthur, who knew nothing of these tidings, did not have the power and strength enough to fight against this.\n\nChedric let the siege be and went to London, and he sent word to his men immediately.letters to the king of Little Britain, called Howell, that he should come to him with all the power he could. And he assembled a great host and arrived at Southampton. And when King Arthur knew this, he was glad enough and went to meet them, receiving them with much honor. So the two hosts met and assembled, and took their way even unto each other. Nicholl had besieged, but it was not taken. They came upon Nicholl and his people before they knew where they were, and assailed them eagerly.\n\nKing Nicholl and his men defended themselves manfully by their power. But King Arthur and his men slew so many Saxons that such slaughter had never been seen, and Nicholl and his men who were left alive fled away. And King Arthur pursued them and drove them out into a wood so that they could not go further.\n\nNicholl and his men saw well that they were brought into much distress, and they yielded to King Arthur in this manner. That heThey should take their horses and armor, and walk into their ships. And upon their assurance of this, they gave him good hostages. Arthur, by counsel of his men, granted this, received the hostages, and they went to their ships. And when they were in high sea, the wind changed, as the devil would have it, and they turned their sail and came back into this land and arrived at Totnes. They went ashore and took the land, and thoroughly robbed it, killing many people and taking all the armor they could find. They went forth until they came to Bath. But the men of the town fortified their gates and would not allow them to come within the town. They defended against them bravely.\n\nArthur heard this news and had the hostages hanged. At Bath, when he struck his sword.Both Colgrin and Bladulf, his brother, were killed. Cheldryk fled and intended to go to his ships, but when Arthur learned of this, he took ten thousand knights to Cornwall's earl Cador, to prevent and stop his coming. Arthur himself went towards the Scottish march. Messengers told him that the Scots had besieged Howell of Breton, who lay sick there, so he hastened towards that place. Cador pursued Cheldryk and took him before he could reach his ships, killing Cheldryk and his people. After this, Cador returned to war. Arthur followed as quickly as he could and found him in Scotland, where he had rescued Howell of Breton, but the Scots were far within Novantri and held them there for a while. However, Arthur forced them to retreat. They fled to Limoges, which was in that region with forty islands and a great abundance of birds and eggs, and a great number of churches that were accustomed to cry and fight together and make great noise.When people came to rob that land, they warned as much as they could and did so. The Scots were great ravagers, taking all they could find in the land of Limoges without sparing anything. They then led the people back to Scotland to go.\n\nSir said Merlin. In the year of the Incarnation of Jesus Christ M.C.xv, a lamb will come out of Winchester. It will have a white tongue and true lips, and in its heart it will have holiness. This lamb will build many God's houses, and it will have peace the most part of its life. And it will make one of the fairest places of the world.\n\nAnd after this, a dragon will come, mixed with mercy and also with folly. It will have Aberdeen as a goad that shall give in England a shadow, and it will keep the land from cold and heat, and its own foot.\n\nAnd after this dragon, a goat will come out of Kar. It will have horns and a beard of silver. And from its nostrils, a dampness will come out that shall betoken.hungriness and sorrow and great death of the people. And much of his land in the beginning of his reign shall be wasted. This fate shall go over unto France: and shall open the flower of his life and death. In his time there shall arise an Et, and make the fate so afraid that he shall be in great perplexity. And he shall avenge himself on his enemies through the counsel of two owls. The first shall be in peril for to be undone. But the old owl shall withdraw a certain time, and after he shall come again into this land. These two owls shall do great harm to many one, and so they shall counsel the fate to be at war again against the aforementioned one. And at last the fate same shall die for sorrow more deeply, and there she shall dwell till a time that her seat shall come and set.\n\nAfter this fate shall come out of windsore a boar: that shall have an head of holiness, fires.\n\nAfter this boar shall come a lamb: it shall have govern the land in peace all his life time.And after he dies and the land is filled with all manner of good. After this lamb shall come a mongrel warrior, cursed by God's mouth, a traitor, a coward, a thief. He shall have an old skin like a goat, and vengeance shall fall upon him for his sins. In the first year of his reign, he shall have great abundance in his land and protection, and in his lifetime, he shall have great praise, until the time that his people live in too much pride without chastisement, wherefore God will be angry. Then shall arise a dragon from the North, fierce and terrible, and shall wage war against the aforementioned mongrel warrior, and shall give him battle on a stone. This dragon shall gather in his company a wolf, that shall come from the west to wage war against the aforementioned mongrel warrior on his side. So shall the dragon and the wolf, and they shall bind their tails together. Then shall come a lion from Irland, and shall join them. And then shall tremble the earth.In that time, England shall be called \"Englonde.\" Castles will be leveled on the Tames. It will seem that the Severn will be dry, for the bodies that shall fall there. The four chief floods in England will run with blood. Great fear and anguish will arise. After the mold wave has fled and the dragon, the lion and the wolf will drive them away. The mold wave will have no power except for a ship to hide in. And after that, he will go to a land where the sea is withdrawn. And after that, he will give the third part of his land for the purpose of having the fourth part in peace and rest. And after he will live in sorrow all his life.\n\nThen, when Guillomer, king of Ireland, heard tidings that King Arthur had entered Glastenbury, he ordered great power from Ireland and came to the sea with his Irish people. And so, he came into Scotland.King Arthur and his host arrived quickly at the scene. Arthur went to battle against him and defeated him once more. Guillomer fled with his men back to Ireland. After this was done, Arthur turned back to the place where he had left the Scots, intending to kill them all. But the bishops, abbots, and other people of the country, as well as the ladies, came before King Arthur and begged for mercy. Arthur cried out, \"Gentle and mighty king, have mercy and pity on us. And as you are of the right law to uphold and maintain Christianity, it would be great dishonor for you to kill him who believes in almighty God as you do. For God's sake, have mercy and pity on us and spare us. We have suffered much sorrow and pain. The Saxons have often passed through our land. But that is not enough for you, for they have often caused us sorrow and disease. For our castles they have destroyed.\"taken and our beasts slaughtered and eaten: they have caused us much harm. And if you would now sleep: it would be no honor for a king to sleep those who cry for mercy. For you have already done enough to us and have overcome us. And for the love of God, let us live: and have mercy on the Christian people who believe as you do. Which king?\n\nArthur heard this lamentation. He had pity on them and gave them life and limb without further harm. They fell down to his feet and thanked him, becoming his liege men, and he took their homage.\n\nAnd after King Arthur turned again with his host and came to York. He made his dwelling there, tarrying for that journey. And he gave all of Logrys to Aloth, who had espoused his sister, and other great gifts. And Gawain, his cousin, gave rich gifts to the young men who had served him in his war.\n\nAnd when Arthur had brought his land into peace and rest and in good order, and all was well in every country.Tho took and wedded a wife named Gunor, made her queen, a fair lady and generous, whom Cador, Earl of Cornwall, had nursed in his chamber, his cousin. But they had no children together. And yet King Arthur loved her dearly. And soon as winter was passed, he let assemble a great host, and called all his barons and said that he would go into Ireland to conquer the land. He did not tarry long before passing into Ireland. \u00b6Guillomer, the king, let assemble a great host and give battle to King Arthur, but Guillomer was defeated and yielded to him and became his man. He did homage and fealty to him and held all that land from that time for ward. And after peace, Arthur further conquered land and Isle, took homage of the people and of the land, and there dwelt twelve years and reigned with joy and mirth. And there was no man or woman who warred against him. And he became so courteous and generous.honora\u00a6ble / that the Emperours courte of Rome / ne none other thrugh out all the worlde was not accou\u0304ted to kyng Arthurs / that ony ma\u0304 wyst of / ne none soo well praysed\u00b7 And therfore the beste knyght{is} of all maner a londes came vnto hym there for to dwelle. And he theym recey\u2223ued with good wyll and reuerence. \u00b6And all the knygehtes were so good that noo man kne\u00a6we the werste. And therfore kyng Arthur ma\u00a6de a rounde table that whan they sholde sytte at ther meete / all sholde be ylyke hyghe and e\u2223uenly serued at the table that no\u0304e of them shol\u00a6de make auau\u0304t that one of them were hygher thanne an other. And kynge Arthur hadde at that table Brytons & Frenshmen. Normans and Flemynges. Burgoyns Mausers & Lo\u2223therins / and of all the londes a thys halfe the mount Goryt: and of hys londe of Brytayne and of the grete Corne wayle: of walys and of Irlonde: and of Scotlonde And shortly to tell of all the londes that woldes worshyp chyual\u00a6ry: suche came to kynge Arthurs courte.\nSyth it befell that thrugh counsellof hys barons and lordes: kynge Arthur wol\u00a6de conquere alle Fraunce that tho was called Galle thrugh Romaynes that tho helde ye lon\u2223de in theyr power & in theyr gouernnu\u0304ce. And the Romayns had taken that londe to a noble kny\u0292t and a worthy of body: that was called Froll. And whan he wyst that Arthur came: he ordeoned an host of a grete power & fought with the kynge. And he & his folke were dys\u2223comfyted and fledde vnto Parys & entred the cyte: and closed the yates & there helde them. \u00b6whan Arthur wyst that Froll was gone to\nParys he pursued after & came thyder: & hym besyeged. But the cyte was so stronge & well arayed / & tho that were therin deffended the\u2223ym well and manly. \u00b6Kynge Arthur dwelled there more than amonethe. And there was so moche people in the cyte that they dyspended all theyr vytayle that they had wythin. and so grete hungre became amonge them / that they deyed wenderly thycke within the cyte for ho\u0304\u00a6gre. And came vnto Froll & prayed hym to be accorded with kynge. Arthur for to haue peas &They would yield themselves to him and the city also. Froll saw that he could no longer hold the town against their will and greatly trusted in his own strength. He sent to King Arthur that he should come and fight with him body for body, and so they would depart from France between them two. King Arthur granted this. And he would not allow any of his people to undertake the battle on his behalf.\n\nAnd on the morrow both came well armed to the place where they should fight. And at once they struck together so fiercely and so well that no man deemed the better of them. And it happened that Froll gave Arthur such a stroke that he knelt to the ground, unwilling to do so. And as Froll wounded King Arthur in the forehead, the blood fell down by his eyes and face. Arthur immediately stirred himself up when he felt himself hurt, as if he were almost wooden. And he took Tabernam his good sword and drew it up high and gave Froll such a stroke that his head came down to his shoulders.So that his helmet wouldn't be his warrant, and he fell down dead in the place. Then the city's people made great sorrow for Froilan. Everyone yielded to King Arthur and the town, becoming his men. They did him homage and fealty. He received them and took good hostages. After that, King Arthur went forth with his host and conquered Aguinian, Angers, Gascoyne, Pehito, Navere, Burgoyne, Berry, Lotherne, Turyn, and Peyters, and all the other lands of France he conquered entirely. When he had conquered and taken by homages and fealties, he turned again to Paris and dwelt there long time, ordering peace long time over all the country, and throughout France. And what peace was made throughout it all through his noble knighthood that he had, and also for his own worthiness. No man dared to move war against him nor to arise to make the land of France inquiet. In it he dwelt for nine years and died many.\"Great wonders and reputed proud men and evil tyrants he chastised according to their merits. And afterward it happened thus at Esther, that he held a feast there. Paras and richly he began to reward his knights for their service to him in his conquest. He gave to his steward, who was called Kay Augien and Angouer. And to Bedwere his butler, he gave Normandy, who was called Neustrie. And to Holden in his chamberlain he gave Flamands and Mance. And to Dorrell his cousin he gave Bolayne. And to Richard his enemy he gave Ponthieu, and to all others he gave large lands and fees according to their estate. And when Arthur had thus rewarded his knights, at Appledore next, after consulting with his barons, he came again into Britain, his own land. And afterward, at Winchester, consulting with his barons, he wished to be crowned king of Wales and held a solemn feast. He let some barons, earls, and knights know that they should come there each one. And there was Scott, king of Scotland, and Cad.\"kynge of South waylys. Guiliomer kyng of North walys. Maded kyng of Irlonde. Malgamus kynge of Gutlonde. Achelles kynge of Islon\u2223de. Aloth kyng of Denmarke. Gone was kyn\u00a6ge of Norwaye / and Hell hys cosyn kynge of Dorkeney. Cador kynge of lytell Brytayne. Mor with Erle of Cornewaylle. Mauran er\u2223le of Gloucetre. Guerdon erle of wynchestre. Boell erle of Hartforde. Vrtegi erle of Oxfor\u00a6de. Cuisall erle of Bathe. Ionas Erle of Che\u2223stre. Enerall erle of Dorchestre. Kymare Erle of Salysbury. waloth erle of Caunterbury. Iugerne erle of Chechestre. Arall erle of Ley\u2223ceter / and the erle of wer wyke / & many other moo ryche lordes. Brytons there came moo / that is to saye. Dippon Donande. Gennes / & many other that be not named here were atte the feest. And many a fayre feest kynge arthur hadde holde before / but neuer none suche / ne soo solempne / and that lasted .xv. dayes wyth moche honoure and myrthe. \u00b6Of the letter yt was se\u0304t fro Rome to pryde to kynge Arthur\nTHe thyrde daye as kynge Arthur satte at his meetAmong his knights and among them who sat before him, twelve men of great age, richly arrayed, courteously greeted the king and said they came from Rome as messengers from the emperor. They brought him a letter that read: \"Greatly astonished are we, Arthur, that you are so bold in your mind to make open war or take action against us of Rome, claiming ownership of the entire world to redeem. For you have never before this time proven or tried the strength of the Romans. And so, though it will soon be. Julius Caesar conquered all the land of Britain, took tribute from it, and our people have held it long. Now, through your pride, you hold it. Therefore, we of Rome command you to yield it back, and it is even more foolish of you that you have killed Frodo, our baron of France, with hostility. And therefore, all the commons of Rome warn you and command you upon life and limb that you desist.\"haste come to Rome to make amends for your misdeeds. If you do not come, we will pass the hill of Joy with strength and will seek you out wherever you may be found. You shall not have a foot of land of your own, which we will not destroy. Afterward, with your body, we will do as we will. When this letter was read and all heard it, they were annoyed, all those who were at the solemn feast. The Britons would have slain the messengers, but the king would not allow it, and said that the messengers should suffer no harm. And after, he took counsel with kings, earls, and barons, what answer he might give to the messengers, and they counseled him to assemble a great power from all the lands of which he held lordship and to take vengeance upon the Emperor of the spite who had sent him such a letter. They swore by God and by all his holy name.They should pursue and burn him as much as they could and declared to King Arthur that they would never fail him. Instead, they composed a letter to send to the Emperor of Rome in the following manner:\n\nFrom among you in Rome, understand that I, King Arthur of Britain, hold and will hold freely. I will be at Rome not to give you tribute but to ask for tribute. Constantine, the son of Emperor Helena, who was Emperor of Rome and of all the honor that belonged to it, and Maximian, who conquered France and Germany, and Marius Aurelius who passed through and conquered Lombardy, were my ancestors. I believe it is God's will.\n\nOnce this letter was written and sealed, King Arthur gave great gifts to these messengers and afterward, they took their leave and went away. They came to the Roman court again.And told the Emperor how worthy they were received and of such a noble company that he had for their service, and how they were more royally served than the Emperor of Rome or any other king living in the whole world. And when the Emperor had read the letter and heard what was in it, and saw that Arthur would not be ruled by him, he ordered and assembled a great host to destroy King Arthur if he could. And King Arthur, touching his power and party, ordered his knights of the round table.\n\nKing Arthur had not dwelt in that court but a little time when men told him that a giant named Gyaunt had come into Spain, ravished Fair Eleanor, who was his cousin, and had taken her to a hill called the mount of St. Bernard. And there was no man in that country so bold or hardy that dared fight with him or come near the place where the giant dwelt. Go to the mount, that was...all enclosed a bottle with water and it is and ever shall be. And they saw a burning fire on the hill. And there was another hill near, and upon that another fire was burning. Kay and Bed came to the next hill and found a widow sitting beside a tomb, weeping greatly and making sorrow. And they asked her what she was and why she made such sorrow and who lay in that tomb.\n\nShe said, \"See here, good wife, do not be afraid but tell us why you make such sorrow and weeping.\n\n\"Sir,\" she said, \"for a damsel that I nursed with my breast, she was called Elaine, it was necessary. Here lies the body in this tomb that was taken from me to nurse. And so a giant, Gyaunt, came and carried her and me away, and led us both with him to a certain place.\"Layne the maid, young and tender in age, could not endure so great and huge a giant as Gyaunt. And indeed, if he came now as he was wont to do, he would sleep both of you and therefore go away. Then he addressed these two messengers and said to her, \"Why do you not leave, then?\" She replied, \"Certes, I remained when Elaine obeyed him and had to submit to his will. And God knows I did not do it of my own will, for I would rather be dead than deal with him, so much pain and sorrow I have when he was lost to me.\" And afterwards, when he had the opportunity, he had a fair chapel of Our Lady built over Elaine's tomb.\n\nArthur and his people heard news that the Emperor had assembled a great power, comprising eighty thousand horsemen with foot soldiers. Arthur and his people prepared to set out towards the Emperor and passed through Normandy and France, intending to reach Burgundy.King Arthur and his men had gone to Lucie, as men told him that the emperor's host was coming that way. The emperor and his host had begun their journey from Rome in the beginning of August, and it was reported that the emperor had great power with him, kings of the land of Pamiers and also Christians. It was considered futile for King Arthur to meet him, as spies reported that the emperor had five or six men against one of his own.\n\nKing Arthur was bold and undaunted, and for this reason, he said, \"Let us go boldly in God's name against the Romans, who lead Saracens and Pamereans. They have no trust in God but only in their strength. Let us go now and seek them out sharply in the name of the Almighty God and slay the Pamereans and Christians who are against us, for we have the right and the worthiness of knighthood.\" When King Arthur had said this, they all cried out with a loud voice.\n\nGod, who is almighty.Worshipped be Thy name without end. Amen. And grant us grace to do and to destroy our enemies who are against Christendom. In the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost. Amen. And may God never grant him grace or mercy in the world, nor may this day be favorable to him for smiting and eagerly. And so they rode softly and ordered his wings wisely and well.\n\nThe emperor heard tell that King Arthur and his people were ready to appear and fight with him. He let order his wings in the best way he could, and he trusted more in his strength than in God almighty, as was seen afterward. For when the two hosts met, the emperor lost four of his men against one of Arthur. And so many were slain on one side and the other that it was great pity to hear and to behold.\n\nIn this battle were slain, through King Arthur, his five kings of the Pagans and an innumerable multitude of other people, and King Arthur's men fought.The Romans and their allies were no match for them, having less strength than twenty sheep against five wolves. In this battle, on one side and the other, the Emperor was slain among them, but no one knew who had killed him.\n\nWhen the Romans knew that the Emperor was dead, they abandoned the field, and the peasants did as well. King Arthur pursued them until it was night, and so many of them were killed that it was amazing. And King Arthur returned when it was night and gave thanks to God for his victory.\n\nOn the morning, he had the field searched and looked for his knights whom he had lost there. That is, Borrell, Earl of Montalt; Bedivere; Kay; Lyegiers, Earl of Malines; Vortigern, Earl of Buckland; and Holden, Earl of Flanders. These were the great lords whom King Arthur lost in that battle.And some he allowed to enter abbeys in the country, some he allowed to be born into their own courtes. And the Emperor's body he allowed to be taken and placed on a bier and sent to Rome. He said to the Romans that for Britain and France, which he held: other tribute would pay them one.\n\nIf they asked about Arthur, who had taken his realm to keep: and gone against the Emperor of Rome: and had passed the sea. Mordred took homages and feasts from all those who were in this land. He wanted to have this land for his own use: took castles about: and had them prepared. And after this treachery, he did another great wrong: for against the law of Christ, he took his own enemy as a traitor should: ordered a great host against Arthur's coming: to hold the land against him with strength forevermore: and to kill King Arthur if he could, and sent by sea and by land. He summoned the Saxons and the Danes to help him.Mordered sent to Cheldric to send men to his mother, the Saxon duke. He promised him that if he brought with him many people, he would grant him inheritance of all the land from Humber to Scotland, and all the land that Engist had. Messengers say:\n\nKing Arthur, at this time, was in Bourgogne. He was greatly distressed and asked Howell to keep France for him with half his men. He begged him to do so until he returned. Arthur himself intended to pass into Britain and avenge himself on Mordered. But before he could join his men who had come out of his ships, Mordered arrived with all his power and gave a strong battle. King Arthur lost many men.King Arthur and his knights arrived at the land. For there was Gawain, his new slain man, and Angushel who held Scotland, and many others of whom the king was sorrowful. But after they had come to the land, Mordred could not endure against them. He was immediately discomfited and fled that same night with his men to London. But the city would not allow him to enter. From there he fled to Winchester and found refuge with his people who came with him.\n\nKing Arthur ordered the body of Gawain to be taken, along with Angushel's, and one to be brought into Scotland, and the other to Douver for burial.\n\nKing Arthur set out to destroy Mordred. Mordred had fled then to Cornwall.\n\nAnd Queen Guinevere, who was King Arthur's wife, was alarmed that Mordred had fled and that she could not endure against King Arthur. She was afraid and had great doubt, for she well understood that her lord, King Arthur, would never forgive.of her for having mercy for the great shame she had caused him, and took her away privately with four men and went to Cornewale, where she lived all her life, and was never seen among the people during her life.\n\nKing Arthur knew that Mordred had fled to Cornewale, and he sent men after him into Scotland and Northumberland to Humbre, and assembled people innumerable, and came from there to Cornewale to seek and pursue after Mordred.\n\nMordred had assembled to him all the people of Cornwall and had an innumerable amount of people with him, according to Merlin's prophecy. He said that his death would be doubtful, and it was true. For this reason, men still have doubt, and will have forever, as they say. I do not know whether he is alive or dead.\n\nArthur was born at Avioun in the 22nd year of his reign after the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ 546 years.\n\nWhen King Arthur knew he could no longer reign, he let him come before him.Constantine, Cador's cousin and Earl of Cornwall, took all his realm and made him king until he returned, as he had no heir of his body. This caused great damage, for such a noble and valiant king as he was had no child. But all things that God wills must be done, whose name be blessed without end.\n\nThis Constantine was a noble knight and worthy of his body. And the two sons that Mordred had begotten held him in great esteem, for he was crowned king. And so it came to pass that they waged war against him. They assembled a great host of those who had been with Mordred before and had been driven away, causing much sorrow and anguish throughout that land. One brother marched towards the ancient city of London to take the city, and the other went to Winchester. But Constantine went to London and slew the one who was there. And after that, he went to Winchester and slew the other.There was also [Yt] present. So both his enemies were slain. And when Constantine had ruled well and worthily for four years, he died and lies at London.\n\nAfter King Constantine's death, there were two kings in Britain. One was named Adelbright, who was Danish, and he held the counties of Norfolk and Southfolk. The other was named Edell, who was British, and he held Nicholl, Lendeser, and all the land up to Humberside. These two kings were at war with each other, but after they came to an agreement, they lived together in peace, as if they had been born of one body.\n\nKing Edell had a sister named Orewenne. He gave her in marriage to King Adelbright as his wife. And she bore him a daughter named Argentyll. In the third year after her birth, King Adelbright fell ill with a strange sickness, and he knew that he must die. He sent to King Edell, his brother in law, that he should come and speak with him, and he came to him with good will.\n\nKing Edell prayed for him and counseled him in the name of God, that after his death:King Edell, uncle to Argentyll, wished to take Argentyll's mother and the land, keeping her well and nursing her in his chamber. When she reached marriageable age, she was to be married to the strongest and worthiest man he could find, and then he was to relinquish her land. Edell's request was granted and confirmed by others.\n\nWhen Argentyll had died and been interred, Edell took the damsel. He kept and nursed her in his chamber, and she became as fair as any could be.\n\nKing Edell, considering how he might falsely keep the land from his niece for good, and falsely intend to disgrace the damsel and marry her to a knight of his kitchen named Curan, thought it shameful to have her married to him in order to obtain her land afterwards. But Edell was completely disgraced. For Curan was Haavelock's son, who was king.After Curan conquered Kyrkelane in Denmark, he took control of his wife's land and killed King Edel. After Curan's reign, his cousin Conan ruled, who was a proud knight. He could not show love to anyone but was always meddling with his people. He waged war against his uncle and killed his two children. The Saxons often warred against him, but he overcame them. He reigned for 14 years and lies buried in London.\n\nAfter Conan's reign, his cousin Cortyf ruled, who was hated by all his people and nothing was beloved by him. During Cortyf's time, a great misfortune occurred in Britain. The Christianity was destroyed, and all the Britons were driven out of the land, and the land was lost without any recovery. However, after the war left the land to the Saxons, as will be heard later. In that time, there was a pagan named Gormode, who was the king's son Daufrices of the pagans' people.Had the realm after his father and was king, except he bequeathed and gave it to his brother. He declared he would never be king, but only if he could acquire and conquer a realm in a foreign country. He was bold and strong in body. Merlin prophesied about him, saying he would be a wolf of the sea. He summoned pilgrims without number, prepared ships, and visited many lands. He took homages and fees from many. Thus, he went by sea and conquered various lands. He came to Ireland and conquered that land, which often fought against each other and exchanged victories. The Britons and they against the Britons, and often gave hosts to the Britons. They sent to Geraint in Ireland that he should come to Britain and help them against the Britons, to help them deliver that land from them, and they would gladly receive him as their lord. For he was a pilgrim, and they were pilgrims, and the Britons were Christianized. He ought to help them accordingly.were all of one lawe. wha\u0304 Gurmonde herde this pray\u2223er he hasted him as moche as he myght & arry\u2223ued in Scotlonde / & came in to Northomber\u2223londe there that the Saxons were dwellynge and they confermed the couenau\u0304tes bytwene them that were made by othes & by hostages / for to bere hym true fay / & holde hym for lorde and paye to hym truage by the yere \u00b6Tho be\u00a6gan the. Saxons and ye. Affricans to destroye robbe and brenne townes / & destroye all then\u2223ge shyppes myghht haue.\nCOrtyf the kyng fledde thens in to Che\u2223chestre that tho was stronge / and there helde hym .xx. dayes / & this Gurmonde came and it besyeged. But the cytee was so stronge that he myght not gete it by no maner of wy\u2223se with engyne that they myght doo. Tho be\u2223thought they vpon a subtylte for to brenne the towne. They made engynes wyth glewe of nettes / & toke pecys of thunder & of fyre & bon\u2223de it to sparowes feet & than lete them flee and they ano\u0304e flewe & lodged the\u0304 in ye towne ther yt theyr nestis were / & in stackes & euesynges of houses/ & ye fyre began to kyndle & brente all ye towne / And whan the. Brytons sawe that in euery syde they hyed them out & fought / but a\u00a6none they were slayne and dyscomfyted / And whyle batayll dured the kynge pryuely hydde hym and stale awaye in to walys / & men wyst neuer where he became / and soo was the tow\u2223ne of Chechestre taken and destroyed. And af\u2223ter. Gurmonde wente and destroyed townes and cytees that neuer were after made ayen / as it is seen yet in many places of thys londe.\nSO whan. Gurmonde had destroyed al the londe thrugh out: he yaue the londe to the Saxons: & anone they toke it with good wyll / for the Saxons longe tyme had desyred it. For asmoche as they wereof. Engist{is} kyn\u2223red that fyrst had all the londe of. Brytayne & lete them be called. Englyssmen: for by cause of Engistes name: & the lond they lete call En\u00a6glonde in theyr langage: & the folke ben called Englyshmen: for asmoche as in thys tyme it was called Engist{is} londe whan he had co\u0304que\u2223red it of. Vortiger: that spoused hysFrom the time Brute first came to England, this land was called Britaine, and the people were called Britons. But after the time that Gurmonde conquered it and gave it to the Saxons, they immediately changed the name, as previously stated. And when this was done, Gurmonde passed over into France and conquered many lands, destroying all Christian people there that he came across. The Saxons then dwelled in this land and began quickly to inhabit it at their own will. They wanted to have new kings and lords, but they could never agree to have only one king to attend to them, so they made many kings in various shires: as it was in Engiste's time. The first kingdom was Kent, and the second Southsex, the third Wessex, the fourth Eastsex, and the fifth Northumberland, and the sixth East Anglia, that is, Northfolk and Southfolk, and the seventh Mercia, and that is the Earldom of Nicholls. Huntingdon, Hereford, Gloucester, Winchelsea, Worcester, and Wessex.Derby and all England departed into seven parties. After that, the king often went to war with one another. The one who was strongest took the one who was weakest, and it was a long time before they had a king crowned among them, nor was there a Christian man among them, nor Christianity. But it came about that when Saint Gregory was pope in Rome, he saw children of the English nation in the city of Rome, who were wonderful fair creatures, and had great will and desire to see them. He asked the merchants when they were from and what nation they were. They told him that they were from England, and they were called Angles, but they and all the people of England were pagans, and did not believe in God.\n\nAlas said Saint Gregory. Well may they be called Angles: for they have the faces of angels, and therefore they ought to be christened. For this reason, Saint Gregory sent Saint Augustine to England with forty good men who were of good life.Saint Gregory served as pope in Rome for 53 years after the carnation of our Lord Jesus Christ, as the Chronicle records. When Saint Augustine first came to England, he arrived in the Isle of Thanet and proceeded to Canterbury, where King Aethelbert of Kent, a good man with a willing heart, received him and his companions with great honor. He also granted them a fair place, now known as the abbey of Saint Augustine, where he himself resided.\n\nKing Aethelbert, a good man who willingly listened to Saint Augustine's teachings, gave him permission to preach throughout his kingdom of Kent to convert all the people he could reach. It came to pass, through God's grace, that the king himself was converted.Saint Austin converted the people of his land to God, and in the meantime, the people turned against him. At Rochester, Saint Austin preached the word of God. The people scorned him and threw tails of rags upon him, so that his mantle was hung full of these rags. In addition, they threw the guts of rags and other fish at him. Therefore, the good man, Saint Austin, was greatly annoyed and grieved. He prayed to God that all the children born in the city of Rochester after this would have tails, and they did. When the king heard of this vengeance wrought through Saint Austin's prayer, he had a house built in honor of Almighty God, where women could be delivered of their children at the bridge's end. To this day, women of the city are delivered of children in that house.\n\nWhen Saint Gregory had heard of how the English people were turning to God,Saint Austyn, having converted England and turned it to God, went to the land where the Britons were keeping the English at bay. That is, he went there to find monks and bishops, for the Britons had always destroyed the Christian people that Saint Austyn had converted. He told the bishops that he was the Legate of Rome and Primate of all England, and that they should be obedient to him. They refused, insisting on being obedient only to the Archbishop of Canterbury. They would never be obedient to the English for they were their adversaries and enemies, who had driven them out of their country, and had always been payers of penances. Saint Austyn could make no other response but replied sharply that they would never submit to him or to the English.pope of Rome. And saynt Austyn torned ayen tho to kynge Adelbryght yt was kynge of Kent and tolde hym that hys folke wolde not be to no man obedyent / but to the. Archebysshop of Carlyon. And whan the kynge herde thys / he was sore anoyed & sayd that he wolde them de\u00a6stroye / and sent to Elfryde kynge of Northun\u2223berlonde that was hys frende / that he sholde come to hym with al the power that he myght and that he wolde mete hym at Leycetre / and fro thens they wolde go in to walys / and the\u2223re destroye the Archebysshop of Carlyon / and all tho that had refused saynt Austyn\nIT be tell soo that there was a kynge of Brytons that helde the countree of Ley\u00a6cetre and alle the countree aboute / hys name was Brecinall. And this Bryton herde telle that tho two Englysshe kynges wolde mete there at Leycetre for to goo in to walys. He le\u2223te ordeyne all the power that he had for to goo fyght with these two kynges / but lytel it auay\u00a6led hym / for his folke that he had were slayne and hymself fledde / & loste his londes forAnd two kings, Adelbright and Elfryde, dwelled for a while at Leycetre and divided the land between them, taking homages and fees from the people of the country. Afterward, they went to war in Wales and heard tell of this comfort that Brectas would never speak to them but slew everyone. Alas for sorrow, they spared none more than a wolf spares the sheep, but struck off their heads each one. And so they were all martyred who came to them, that is, about 5,000 and 40. Afterward, they went to Bangor to slay all those they could find of the Britons. And when the Britons heard this, they assembled and ordered all their power to fight against them. Two were a baron in Wales called Bledrik of Cornewayle, who had once been lord of Deuenshyre but was driven out into Wales by King Adelbright. At that battle, King Adelbright was slain and Elfryde was wounded.And withdrew and abandoned the field, and most of his people were slain. Elfryde fled to Northumberland, which was his own land. After that, the people of Leicester gathered strength and elected Cadwan, Brycular's son, as king of Leicester. He ruled nobly and with great honor.\n\nFollowing this battle, the Britons assembled and went to Leicester, where they made Cadwan king of Leicester and of the entire country. He took homages and fees from all the people of the country. After that, he gathered a great host and said he would go to Northumberland to destroy Elfryde and kill him if he could. When he arrived there, enmity arose between them, and they came to an agreement in this way: Elfryde would hold all the land from Northumberland to Scotland, and Cadwan would have all the land on this side, from the Humber to the south. And after they were good friends all their lives, they loved as if they had been brothers.And this Earl of Northumberland, named Edwyn, held all the land of Northumberland after his father's death, as his father had done throughout his life. And Cedwalin had another son named Cadwalyn, who held his father's land as long as he lived. These two loved as brothers. Their love lasted only two years, and after that began a dispute between them through an envious cousin of Cadwalyn's named Bryens. So they gathered great hosts on both sides. In the end, it was Cadwalyn who was betrayed, and Edwyn pursued and drove him from place to place until he fled to Ireland. And the other party destroyed and plundered his land, cast down castles, and burned his manors, and distributed Cadwalyn's land among their friends. Long after, Cadwalyn returned from Ireland with a strong force and in open battle slew Edwyn and all his friends, including those who held his lands by Edwyn's grant.\n\nAs Edwyn was being slain, officers of his son.Undertook that war against Cadwal, and this officer died during the war. After the death of this officer, a gentle Christian man ruled, who was called Oswald and was king of all the land. But since he was friendly to Edwin and held a large part of Cadwal's land, Cadwal waged war on him and drove him to Scotland. When Cadwal saw that he would not submit, Cadwal no longer pursued him but took some of his men to his brother in law, Penda, and asked him to pursue after Oswald until he was taken and slain. And Cadwal returned home again. When Oswald heard these tidings that Cadwal had returned home again, he would no longer flee but faced Penda and gave battle. Penda was greatly displeased with this convention that he should govern and help, and counseled. Penda heard their prayer and spoke with Cadwal, that he shouldOdayne a great host and ordered him into Northumberland to fight with Oswy. Oswy was a meek man and greatly loved peace and charity. He prayed Penda for love and peace, and swore he would grant it to him, but only if they would fight together.\n\nAfter the death of Cadwelin, his son Cudwald reigned well and nobly. His mother was the sister of Penda. He had reigned for twelve years when he fell gravely ill, and in that time there was a great discord among the lords of the land, each warring against the other. In this time, there also fell great famine and scarcity of corn and other vital supplies in the land. A man could go three or four days from town to town without finding bread to buy for gold or silver. The only sustenance was roots of herbs, for other living was none, so much had it failed all around. Fish, wild beasts, and all other things were also scarce.this experience caused great mortality and pestilence among the people due to the corruption of the air. The living people suffered so much that they could not bury the dead. For both great and small lords and servants died suddenly, in eating and speaking, that never before was heard of such sudden death among the people. He who went to bury the dead body was himself buried with it. And so, those who could fled and abandoned their lands and houses, as much for the great hunger, death, and scarcity of corn and other provisions as for the great mortality and pestilence in the land. The land was barren of corn and all other fruits due to the lack of laborers, and this situation lasted for eleven years and more, so that no one could sow.\n\nCadwald saw great hunger, mortality, and pestilence.\"Land and all poor corn and other provisions, and his people perished, and saw most of his land all wasted and void of people. He clothed himself and the people left alive and passed into Little Britain with a little navy to King Athelstan, whom he much loved, who was his cousin and whom his father had much loved in his time. And as they sailed in the sea, he made much lamentation, and so did all those who were with him and said, \"Dedisti nos, Domine, tanquam and then Cadwallon began to lament to his people pitifully and said, 'Alas, said he to us wretches and captives, sorrow is for our great sins, which we would not amend while we had the means, and now repentance has come upon us through our salvation, which chased us out of our realm and our own soil. And from which at one time Romans, Saxons, nor Danes could exile us. But what avails it now to us that beforehand we had often acquired many other lands?\"\"It is not God's will that we remain and dwell in our own land. God, who knows all things before they are done or made, sees that we would not cease from our sins, and that our enemies might not expel us or our lineage from our realm. And therefore, He has shown us wrath, and will chastise us for our misdeeds. Such that He does us, without battle or strength of our enemies, by grace, compels us wretchedly to leave our realm and our own land. Turn again, O Romans; turn again, O Scots; turn again, O Saxons; turn again, O French. Now suffers Britain, which your power could never subdue, nor yet our power has put us in exile, but only the power of the almighty king whom we have often offended by our folly, which we would not leave until He chastised us by divine power. Among the world's lamentations that the kingCadwaller and his people arrived in little Britain and came before King Alaine. And the king received him with great joy and had him served nobly. They stayed there for a long time. The English people who had survived and escaped the great hunger and misery lived as best they could. Many people joined them. They sent to Saxony, where they were born, for men, women, and children, to restore the cities with people and to labor, cultivate the land, and till the earth.\n\nWhen the Saxons heard these tidings, they came into the land in great companies and took possession of the country all around where they wished. They found no one to let them in or oppose them. Thus they grew and multiplied greatly. They adopted the manners and customs of the country from which they had come. They also used its laws.And they spoke the languages and the speech of their own land that they came from. And they changed all the names of cities/towns/castles and bestowed them with names, calling them as they are now called. They held the baronies and lordships in the same manner as the Britons had possessed them before. Among other great companies that came from Germany into this land, came the noble queen who was called Sebaldwick. She had long dwelt there with King Alan, her cousin and true friend. And when she had known that the mortality and pestilence had passed, and that the land was replenished again with people, she thought to turn again into her own land. She prayed King Alan, her cousin, for succor and help that she might be restored again to her own proper realm and first dignity. King Alan granted her request.\n\nThen he prepared himself to take his way and journey into this land. And he prayed God.allmighty, deeply desiring that it would please him, if his prayer to this land was pleasing to him or not, for against the will of the allmighty, he would do nothing. Whenever he had thus deeply prayed, heaven replied to him and granted him permission to enter England and go to the pope in Rome, for it was not the will of the almighty God that the Britons should rule more in Britain, nor recover it until the time of the prophecy that Marlyn spoke of before, when the relics of his body would be brought from Rome and translated into Britain. And when the relics of other saints who had been persecuted for the salvation of the pagan people were found and openly displayed, then they would recover their land again, which they had long lost through their desertions.\n\nWhen Cadwaldre had heard this answer, he marveled greatly and told it to King Aelyn. Then King Aelyn sent for the clergy.His land/ and made them bring the stories and prophecies that Merlyn and Sybil had said in their prophecies. And when he knew that the prophecy that Vortigern had prophesied of the Egle and other prophecies agreed with the divine answer that Cadwallader had heard, he counseled him and earnestly urged him to leave his people and his navy/ and submit himself to the dispensation of God/ and do all that the angel had commanded him. \u00b6Then Cadwallader called upon\n\nIt came to pass that all the kings in that time who were in this land, as those of Wessex, Mercia, East Anglia, Kent, and Southsex, and in other regions, each warred against one another. But there was a king among them who was called Offa, who was Oswald's brother. This Offa conquered all the kings of this land/ and ruled over them all. \u00b6And there was war in every region between\n\nGreeks, such that no one could understand how the land was going. But Abbot's prayers/ andMen of Relygion wrote the lives and deeds of kings, and the length of each reign, in what country, and in what manner each king died, as well as details about bishops. They created great books and called them Chronicles. King Alfred had this book in his possession. He brought it to Winchester and had it securely fastened to a pillar so that no one could remove or take it away. This way, everyone could see it and be reminded that it contained the lives of all the kings who had ever ruled in England.\n\nAt the same time, there was a king in Northumberland. Salmon was preparing for his brothers, Godred, to depart with the people he had brought with him to cross the sea. The place where they were killed is now called Ellicroft, and it is not far from York. The Danes never ceased their conquest of Northumberland after this. In that country, they appointed wardens and advanced further into the land.And took Nottingham. And there they stayed all winter / and died all the sorrow that they could. And after summer time came they removed from Nottingham and came to Nicheol and Lindsey / and to Holderness. For no man could withstand them / so much power and strength they had. And so far had the Danes passed from country to country. And ever more burning and robbing and destroying all that they might till they came to Testwood. The same castle / And when King Edmond saw that the castle could not withstand them, he came against them / with whom the Danes first did speak. And immediately they answered him / that when I was in the castle, the hinge was there, and when I went out of the castle, he went out also. And whether he shall escape or die / at God's will it must all be. When Saint Edmond had named God / by that word they knew it was him. And immediately Hubba and Hengar took him and said / that he should forsake God and all Christianity.And Saint Edmond said that he would rather suffer death for God's love and his laws, than otherwise. They took King Edmond and bound him to a tree, and made their archers shoot arrows at him until his body was dead. When they saw that he was dead, they beheaded him. In this manner, as you have heard, Saint Edmond was martyred.\n\nMeanwhile, Hungar and Hubba went with all the Danes to Reding. As they went there, they burned towns and villages, and slew all Christian people who would not renounce their faith, and destroyed churches. They took the town of Reding and held it until King Edelf of Wessex came there with all his power to take the towns. The Danes came out to give battle to Edelf, and at that battle an earl of the Danes named Sidrak was slain.\n\nOn the morrow, King Eldred and his brother Alured came with a large army.The strong power and great host arrived, and King Edelf returned to the battlefield, along with Danes. And Danes came out to fight them. The battle was very strong. Many men were killed, and the Danes won that day. King Athelred and his brother Alfred were disappointed. But four days later, the Danes and English fought again at Elkedene. A king of Denmark named Ragnar and four earls of great power were killed. That day was shameful for the Danes, as they were driven to England. Fifteen days after the battle, the Danes and English fought again at Ravensworth. The English were defeated, and a Dane named Hasting went to raid with his army and destroyed whatever he could take. King Athelred fought against him, but was wounded severely and died, reigning only five years, and lies at Wimborne.\n\nLeo was the first emperor after.In the seventeenth year of Marcianus, the Rogation days were decreed before the Ascension of Saint Marmer, bishop of Vienne. During his time, the pope in Rome was Leo, a noble clerk, who was accompanied by many clerks. Heliar was pope after Leo for seven years. He decreed that no bishop should ordain his successor before the eighth day. Simplicius was pope after him, who decreed that no clerk should take any garment to be clothed in after the secular manner of a layman, due to his office or his benefice. Zenon was emperor after Leo in the fifteenth year, and this man was a heretic and cruel against Christians. In his days, the bodies of Saint Matthew the Evangelist and Saint Barnabas were found, along with the gospel that Saint Matthew wrote.\n\nAbout this time, there was a certain woman who bore seven children at once. One of them was made king of Lombardy. Felix the Third was pope after Simplicius for three years and eight months. He decreed thatRepentance should be shown to a man who was accused, so he might know how to answer. And the judges and accusers should be such, and they should take all suspicion and spy.\n\nGelasius, a Roman, was pope after Felix for five years. This man ordained the Canon of the Mass, with the Preface, prayers, tracts, and orisons, as Saint Ambrose made them. Orders should be given four times in the year.\n\nAnastasius was Emperor after Zeno for twenty-seven years. He was a cursed man and a heretic, hated by God and man. He was killed by Abbot Columba and Saint Brigida, whom Saint Patricius made a nun. They were buried in one tomb. \"These three lie cold: in one tumulus they are gathered.\" Brigida, Columba, the pious.\n\nAnastasius, a Roman, was pope after Gelasius for two years and three months. He ordained that no priest should leave his divine service in the church out of wrath or hate, exceptAnd he cursed Emperor Anastasius, for he was an heretic, as it is written of him that afterwards he recanted for fear of the emperor. He is called the second evil-famed pope in the Catholic pontificate, and before him was Liberius, famed in heresy. Sixtus was pope after him for fifteen years, and with him was ordained another pope called Laurencius. Between them was a great schism. They both were subjected to the judgment of Theodoria, the queen, and she judged that the one who was first ordained and whom most of the church held with should be pope. Symmachus prevailed, who favored the church and the poor, while Paschalius the deacon Cardinal held against Symmachus until his death. Therefore, he was put to the pains of purgatory to keep the baths after his death, as Gregory says in his book of Dialogues. This man ordained that \"Gloria in excelsis\" should be said every Sunday and feasts of martyrs.\n\nClodianus the [unclear]First, King Christophe of France was baptized by Saint Remigius at that time. He had a pious wife, and she urged him to the faith many times, saying that he would be fortunate and victorious if he would turn to it. He was indeed, and this was before.\n\nHormisdas was pope for nine years after Symmachus. This man was of great mercy and alms to the poor. He also reconciled the Greeks, who were cursed for their heresy.\n\nJustinian was emperor for nine years after Anastasius. He was a very pious man, and he reversed all that Emperor Anastasius had done against the church. He obeyed Pope Hormisdas and recalled the bishops who had been exiled by his predecessors.\n\nPriscian was the grammarian at that time. In the year 511 from the coming of the Saxons, the kingdom of Wessex began, and Cerdic was king.\n\nJohn was pope for three years and eight months after Hormisdas, and Theodoric was the king of Italy, an heretic.The pope and other senators were taken and sent to Emperor Justin I. Determining that he would not allow heretics to remain, Justin I decided to eliminate all Christian people in Italy. He took Pope John II and Patricius, Simon and Boethius, the senators, and had them killed in prison. But Boethius defended himself through the authority of the senators, and he was sent to the city of Papas for perpetual exile. There, he wrote the book \"De consolatio philosophiae.\" At the end, the country of Milan caused Boethius' throat to be cut, and he died. Felix succeeded John II as pope for four years. This man commanded that sick men should be anointed for death, but Christ had ordained the first. Justin I was emperor for 38 years. This man drew the laws of the Romans out of almost two million books and three hundred thousand verses and compiled them into one volume of twelve books, which he called the \"Justinian Code.\" He also created the Digest and divided it into three parts. Bonifacius II was pope after Felix for two years.Iohannes II was pope after Bonifacius. He had a great conflict with Justinianus over whether the Christ was of two natures or one. The pope claimed he had two natures: one of God and one of man.\n\nAfter Iohannes II, Agapetus, a confessor, was pope for two years. He converted Justinianus from the error of the heretics. This Agapetus ordered that processions should be held on Sundays and then died in Constantinople. Silvester, a martyr, was pope for three years after Agapetus. He was exiled from Christianity and killed by Theodory's prosecution because he would not restore the bishop of Athens, an heretic, to his benefit.\n\nVigilius was pope for 18 years after Silvester. He brought evil upon himself but governed well. He suffered his persecution patiently. He was exiled from Rome and, in the end, died in Constantinople after great suffering under Theodory.\n\nSynodus Quarta Constantinopolitana was convened against Theodorus and the Blessed Virgin.Pelagius was pope for four years and ten months. He ordered that heretics, schismatics, and renegates be punished by the secular power. After him, Johannes III was pope for thirteen years. Little is written about this man except that he restored the churchyard of the apostles Philip and James. Justin II, after Justin, ruled as emperor for eleven years. He despised the poor and robbed the senators. He was given to all covetousness, so that he made chests of iron to keep his money in. Then, immediately, he fell into heresy and went out of his mind. After him, Teribius II was chosen to govern the common people. Teribius II ruled as emperor for seven years after Justin II. This man was a virtuous man. He gave innumerable good things to the poor in so many times that his wife reproached him and said that he cast away the riches of the empire as stones. And he answered again and said, \"I trust in God that our riches are as stones to us.\"chests shall never lack money / and we put treasure in heaven. And on a certain day when he went past his plays at Constantinople, he saw in the market that he would not pay them their wages. And so they fell into dispute, and chose Foca to be Emperor and slew him and his three sons. This time Saint Augustine came to England and ordained two archbishops, that is to say of London and of York, by the commandment of Saint Gregory. And remember that many times mercy has been shown to various regions and countries, which at one time had turned to the faith. For the faith never abided in them for various reasons. So it is with England, France, Persia, and Iberia. And in this regard, Rome was privileged, for the faith of Peter never failed.\n\nFocas was Emperor after Mauricius his mother, whom he and others slew. And because he began evil, he ended nothing good. For in his days, the Romans fought strongly against the Persians, and the Romans were discovered and lost many a province. And at the lastHe was overcome and slain by Heraclius. As he did to others, so was it done to him.\nGregory I, a Roman and monk, became pope after Pelagius for thirteen years. This man was called Gregory the Great because of many things he excelled in: He surpassed others in power, riches, virtue, nobleness, wisdom, holiness, fame, and experience. Under this man, the evil things of cursedness passed. He wrote many noble books for the incomparable profit of all the holy church. He was one of the principal doctors of the four doctors of the church. Alone with St. Fabian, after St. Peter, he was chosen by God in all the orders of the popes of Rome. He instituted many things in the church, as shown in his register (Deus in adiutorium): For the beginning of the hours, he commanded [it] to be said. He renewed and made all the officers of the church in a fair and more compact manner, which remains until this day.Called Gregorianus. This man's lovingness towards him cannot be expressed lightly in writings and through his virtuous deeds. Saninianus was pope after Gregory for one year and four months. This man ordered the ringing of bells at the hours of the day, but Gregory rebuked him three times for it because of his generosity to the poor. And for the fourth time, while he lay in bed, he thought he saw Saint Gregory strike him on the head, and he woke up and died. He was the third pope among those noted to die a dreadful death. But none but white clothes should be put on the deceased.\n\nBonifacius the Fourth was pope for four years and eight months. He purchased from Emperor Focas the church of Saint Peter in Rome, which should be the head of all the churches in the world. Before Constantinople was the head church. He also obtained the church called Pantanassa.This is the worship of all saints in heaven. This man ordered that monks might use the offices of preaching, christening, and confessing.\n\nHeraclius was Emperor after Focas for thirteen years. In the third year of his reign, Cosmas, the king of Persia, burned Jerusalem and other worshipful places. Zachary the patriarch, along with many people, he took captive. The part of the holy cross, which Helena left there, he took with him into his country. But in the twelfth year of Heraclius, Cosmas was slain by Heraclius, and the cross was brought back; the people were delivered. And when Heraclius wanted to enter the city proudly, the walls of the city, by the power of God, shut themselves, and the Emperor made himself god above and the walls opened. Then was the feast of the exaltation of the cross made.\n\nDeus dedit was pope for three years after Boniface. This was a holy man. For on a certain day, when he kissed a leper, the leper was healed.\n\nThis was a citizen of London at that time.Through the power of Ethelbert, a church of St. Peter was built in the western part of London, in a place called Thorney.\nBoniface the Fifth was pope for five years after Deus died. He decreed that no one should be taken out of the churchyard. Little is written about him.\nMachomet the duke of Saracens and Turks was at this time. He was the dispenser of all the world, a false prophet, the messenger of the devil. The forerunner of Antichrist, the fulfiller of heresy, and of all false men the most wretched. From him the dominion began.\nThere was a certain famous clerk at Rome who could not succeed in his matters and desired to have succeeded. Then he departed from Rome over the sea and procured many men to go with him. Among whom was Machomet a great man of wit. And this clerk promised him the duchy if he would follow him.\nThere he nourished a dove and put all the corn that the dove ate in Machomet's care.Machomyte placed his bill in his ear. And the people saw this; immediately he was chosen duke of the people of Corosame. He claimed that he was the very prophet of God. Then he made a book of his law, which was called Alkaron. But he did it with the information of three of his masters. To whom the devil ministered the authority and the knowledge.\n\nThe first master was a Jew, a great astronomer and a necromancer. The second was John of Antiochia. The third was Sergius, an heretic. And these three made an ungracious and unhappy law.\n\nThey left out whatever was hard to believe and noxious to do in the law and put in its place things that worldly men were willing and ready to do. That is, Gluttony, Lethargy, Repine, and such other things. And also this Machomyte ordained that a man should have as many wives as he could occupy and find, and refuse them twice or thrice, or four times, and take them again, & many marvelous and false things he made in his law.The words which are too long to repeat here, but they are plain in his book of Alkaron. And ever he wrote in his book that our lord spoke to Machomyte, his prophet, saying thus: \"By his false means he deceived the people. And when his masters and he had made this which was so delightful, he wrote it in a book with letters of gold. And also he nourished a mighty camel secretly in a private place, and only with the hands of Machomyte. Machomyte was always fed, and there privately he tied this book of the law that he had made about the camel's neck, and put this camel forth into the field once in broad daylight. And this camel rejoiced in its liberty, for it was never lost before. And he would suffer no man to come and touch it. And so there was great fame of such a camel, and the people ran to see it. Among whom was this Machomyte. But when the camel saw him who had fed it always, it ran to him at once. And he had taught this camel beforehand to fall down on its knees.\"And he did this before all the people. The people then cried out and said that he was the true prophet of God. Then they asked Machomyte to open that holy book with his holy hands, which was sent from heaven to be kept. In this book is shown how people should worship God. Machomyte said, \"This book was written with angelic hand.\" By these false means, he turned all the land of Persia and the Eastern Empire against Heraclius the Emperor. Heraclius ruled for 27 years. His son, Constantine the Third, was emperor. Constantine was a great tyrant and a cursed man, and an heretic. He gave no quarter to Christian men. Merobinus raised a great host against the Lombards. There he lost the battle and fled to Rome. He was honorably received by Pope Vitalian and other of the city. He did not reward them.them like they deserved as a prince should have done. But he used tyranny and heresy instead. Therefore, at the last, he was killed by his own knights in a bath / who would no longer suffer his tyranny. And so he wretchedly lived / and unhappily died.\n\nMartin I was pope after Theodore for six years. This Martin I was a very holy man / and was called Spatarius of Olympia. And when he wanted to harm him, he was suddenly blinded. This same man called a Synod in the City of Rome: and condemned Sirum, Alexandrinus Sergius, Pyrrhus, and Paulus as heretics. Therefore, Constantine the Emperor exiled him: and he died as a saint.\n\nEugemius, a Roman, was pope after Martin almost three years: and was a holy man: but little is written about him.\n\nVitellianus was pope after him for fourteen years. This man composed the song that the Romans use: and he also agreed it with the organs. And he also had the grace of the emperor: which was worthy with his predecessors. Nevertheless, afterwards he did not stand in favor.His concordat. Neither before had I found that the Church of Rome had fully obtained the lordship of the city and other possessions which Constantine the Great had bequeathed to it after his death.\n\nAdeodatus, a Roman, was pope for four years after Vitellianus. In his time, the bodies of Saints Benedict and Scholastica, his sister, were translated from the hill of Cassia to the monastery of Florentia near Aurelian. \u00b6Constantine the Fourth was Emperor after his father Constantine the Cursed. This Constantine was a good man and hated heretics. He and the pope convened the Sixth General Synod, in which it was granted that Greek priests could use their lawful wives, and to the priests of the East because of the great time of Saint Gregory. And every man may assess and ponder how much the goodness of a prince contributes to the quiet state of the church and the promotion of the faith, and also how much the malice of a prince harms it.That thing. These two Constantines, the father and the son, showed openly. In the father's days, the church never had rest, and in the son's time, it was quiet. Yet nevertheless, our lord suffered the Saracens and Bulgars not to enter this land, so that he might not withstand them, but that he made peace with them and paid them annually a tribute, so nightly prevailed that cursed sect of Manichaeans, and after he died blessedly.\n\nNote.\nThere were six general synods, and most principal of which the authority is equal to the gospel for the truth of the gospel is declared against the six principal heresies which strongly troubled the church due to the subtlety of these heretics to deceive simple men.\n\nThis time died Saint Cedd of Litchfield, in the third year of his bishopric.\n\nDemus, a Roman, was pope after Adeodatus for three years. Of this man little is written.\n\nBoniface III was pope after him, and little of him is written, except that he lived in the empire of Rome.But he charged the office of the church too much. Many laws he made, and after was not good. He intended to have let the decrees of the Sixth Synod stand. Therefore, in the tenth year of his empire, he was taken by Leo, the prince of the patricians, who favored heretics. Then, this same Justinian reformed himself to the church of God, and had great repentance. But he avenged himself cruelly on his adversaries, so that he would have slain John the Fifth, who was pope after Benedictus. In the year after him, Zenon was pope. He was a very holy man, for he would not meddle with secular matters. And indeed, he was an angel, quiet in virtues, meek in soul, and very demure in language of his religious life. This man was chosen at the last with one accord of the church and the laity. But there was great destruction, for the clergy intended to have chosen Peris as archbishop. And the host of laymen wanted Had Theodorum as a priest. But at last, the election was made in favor of Zenon.The last the Holy Ghost turned the will of all this people into this holy man. Sergius was pope for nine years. This man was virtuous and commendable in his life. And in his election, a great discord arose; one party of the clergy chose Theodorus, and another party Paschal. But as our Lord willed, they turned all to this man at the last. This man translated the body of St. Leo. He also found a great part of the holy cross by miracle. And he baptized Cadwalladr, the last king of Britain. He commanded (Agnus Dei) to be said or sung three times at mass. And he died blessedly.\n\nNote.\n\nSaint Beda, the revered priest, was a great man of fame in England at this time. He was taken to the monastery of Benedict the Abbot Girwen at the age of seven. And then, after Benedict's death, he went to Colfrid the Abbot. And at the nineteenth year of his age, he was made deacon by the bishop of York. And at the thirtieth year, he was made priest; in this year, he began to write.contynued al the tyme of his lyf in that monastry / in gyuynge his labours to wrytyn\u2223ge and scrypture to be expowned. He made .lxxviii\u00b7 bokes / the whiche he nombreth in the ende of his Edglysshe booke. Thys man was euer in labour other in prayer or in syngynge dayly in the chyrche / or to lerne teche or wry\u2223te. For whiche thynge men maye Iuge by rea\u2223son that he was neuer at Rome / all though so\u00a6me saye he wente to Rome that he myght see yt his bokes accordeth with the doctryne of ye ho\u2223ly chyrche. But it was certayne that he was blynde / and wente to preche / & had a seruaun\u2223te that was not good / and made him to preche to a myghty multytude of stones and sayde / that they were men. \u00b6And whan all hys ser\u2223mon was done / the stones answered and sayd Ame\u0304. But that he wente to Rome thryes / and founde wryten thre arres / thre effes / and ex\u2223powned them / it was neuer founde in no bo\u2223ke of auctoryte. There was after the talkyng of the people suche a wrytynge on the yates of Rome (RRR. FFF) And suche anExposition (Reign of Romes Ruin. Ferro Flama Fame) But it is certain that Bede was desired to come to Rome by the writing of Sergius the pope to Colfrid his abbot. And this Bede translated the gospel of St. John into English tongue / and dismissed blessedly. The fame says that now he lies at Devlin with St. Curberte / and there is buried with him the knowledge of the deeds of England almost to the conquest.\n\nLeo the Second was Emperor / and little is written of him.\n\nLiberius was Emperor after him, he reigned seven years / he rose against Leo and entered his kingdom / and kept him in prison as long as he reigned. In this time Iustinianus the Second, who in old time was exiled to Cherson openly said, he would recover his Empire again. Therefore the people of that country, for the love of Liberius, were about to kill that Iustinianus. Therefore he fled to the prince of Thurcorum and wedded his sister. And through the help of his brother and the Bulgars he recovered his Empire and slew Liberius and Leo.The supreme ruler of his realm, and almost every time he sneezed, he made one of his enemies be slain. Leo the Third was pope after Sergius, for two years. He was made pope by the power of the Romans, but was not included in the list of popes due to the evil that had occurred, but he did no harm. John the Sixth was pope after him, a Greek. The reason for his papacy and his martyrdom is not found in history. It is said that it was due to the dukes of Lambert for they were bitter enemies of the church. John the Seventh, a Roman, was pope for three years after him, but nothing is written about him. Justinian was Emperor together with his son Justinus for six years. He was the one who was deposed from the Empire before by Leo, and when he was restored again, he took him to the right faith and worshipped the pope Constantine. And certainly he destroyed Cherson, the place where he had been exiled to, and all who lived there.except the chyldern he slewe them / And he came ayen an other tyme to haue slayne the Innocentes. And the men of that countree made them a ca\u00a6pytayne / a certayne man that was called Phi\u00a6lyp an outlawe / yt whiche anone went to hym in batayll / and slewe hym for his outragyous cruelnesse ayenst those chyldern. \u00b6Sysinni\u2223us was pope twenty dayes / and thenne was grete stryfe / and he decessyd \\ but lytell of hym is wryten. \u00b6Co\u0304stantine was pope after hym vii. yere. This man was a very meke man & so blessyd / that of all men he was beloued. He wente ouer the see to Iustinianus the Empe\u2223rour / and was receyued with grete honour / & deyed a blessyd man. \u00b6Philyp ye seconde was Emperour one yere / the whyche fledde in to Scicilis for the hoste of the Romayns And he was an heretyke / and co\u0304maunded all pyctu\u2223res of sayntes for to be bestroyed. wherfore the Romayns cast a way his coyne / ne wolde not\nreceyue noo moneye that hys name or ymage were wryten vpon \u00b6Anastasius thseconde after he had slayne Philyp wasEmperor for three years. This man was a Christian and well-behaved. But because he put out Philip's eye and killed him in battle, Theodosius opposed him and defeated him. And then he was made a priest and lived quietly.\n\nGregory II was pope after Constantine's reign for 17 years. This Gregory was a chaste and noble man in the scriptures. Around this time, the popes began to deal more temporally with the emperors than they had in the past due to their deceit and ambition. This man cursed Leo the Emperor because he destroyed the images of saints. Leo commanded Gregory the pope to burn churches and destroy them. He set nothing of his command aside but commanded the opposite. And so it is openly shown that the destruction of the Roman Empire was the cause of heresy. For certainly, the faithful people with the prelates in agreement, drew to the pope.And the Emperors were forced to abandon their tyranny and heresy. At this time, faith strongly declined in the eastern world due to the accursed law of false Muhammad. Theodosius was Emperor and reigned for only one year. He was a very Christian man, and even as he died, so was he treated. Leo deposed him and made him a priest. Leo the Third, with Constantine his son, was Emperor for twenty-five years. When Leo was powerful, he deposed Theodosius and ruled for him, but he was punished by a certain Apostate. This Apostate urged him to take and burn all the images of saints. Therefore, he was punished in battle and in pestilence, and with other misfortunes. Because he was cursed by Gregory, he died in three days. The pope and the common people took the best part of his empire for themselves, commanding that no one should obey or support him because he lived like a heretic. Holy men spoke against him. Many were martyred and exiled by him. At the end.Last, in his miserable belief, he died wretchedly. And in these days, but for Charles Marcellus helping the Christian faith and fighting manfully against the Saracens, they would have entered France, having subdued Spain instead. Charles slew three hundred thousand Saracens and more, and of his people, fifteen thousand were slain.\n\nNote.\nThis man, for his continual battle, took away the treasure of the church. Wherefore Saint Eucharius, the bishop of Aurelian, as he was in prayer, saw that same Charles in soul and body suffering in hell. And the angel that showed this to the bishop said, \"That is the judgment of all those who take away the goods of the church or of the poor.\" And to strengthen this, the bishop almost added almost a thousand conditions.\n\nConstantine he did sacrifice to the devils. He pursued the church. And he built altars in the fields six miles away from them as they stood, and the cities were not broken nor hurt.The land of Mesopotamia was divided by a distance of two miles. A mule spoke in human voice there. Ash fell from heaven, and in the sea of Pontic there was ice of great thickness, thirty cubits. The stars fell from heaven so mightily that men believed the end of the world had come. These signified wondrous things to come.\n\nAfter Gregory, Acharias was pope for ten years. This Zacharius was a noble man, virtuous in all things, and he was loved by all for his meekness. He deposed the king of France, Henry, and put Puppynus in his place because he was more profitable. [Here you can see what power the throne held at that time, translating that famous kingdom from its very heirs to the kingdom of Pippin, for a just cause (Uther. xv. q. v. alius)]\n\nStephanus the Second, a Roman, was pope after Zacharius for five years. This man was profitable for the church in both word and doctrine, and he governed it.spirituality and the temporal noble. He was the lover and defender of poor men. This man anointed Pippin, king of France, and sent him against the Lombards to compel them to restore the church of such goods that they had unrightfully withheld from them for a long time. Pausanias, a Roman, was pope for ten years after him. He was a very holy man, for he did great alms to fatherless children, prisoners, widows, and other poor men, so that he might be a follower of St. Paul. Constantine the Second, a Roman, was pope after Pausanias for two years. He was a layman and was made a priest as a tyrant, and took on the dignity of the pope. He ruled the church with a great slave to the church for a little time. But the faithful men put him out, and put out his eyes. He was the fifth Infamous pope among so many before. So the Holy Ghost and the holy apostles kept watch over all honor and holiness. Infinite martyrs were made this time by Constantine the emperor.for he was such an heretic. And men believe that there was never emperor or pagan who slew so many martyrs. And in his time, the church was troubled greatly / & very precisely bought the worship of the images of the holy saints / for the great shedding of the blood of martyrs. And certainly, the cursed Emperor was not unpunished. For when he died, he cried with a horrible voice and said, \"I am taken to a fire / it is unable to be destroyed.\" And so he yielded up the ghost to everlasting pain.\n\nThe Empire of Rome was divided about this time. Stephen (Stephanus) translated Italy and other lands to Charlemagne, a young man. Constantine held the land of Greece with other lands across the sea with great labor and many rebellions.\n\nThis time, Charlemagne was a noble young man. He began to reign over France. He was the son of Pippin and his mother was called Bertha.\n\nStephanus the Third was pope after Pope Paulus for three years. He amended all the errors of Constantine. He deposed all.Those who ordered the Constansynod were the Christians. Adrian I was pope after Stephen, reigning for 24 years. This man was greatly revered by the people, with no one greater before him in honor, riches, and building. He appointed two solemn synods, which ruled after him with his son. Constantine was emperor after Leo, and he was a meek man who removed his mother from the kingdom so she could attend to women's work. But she, with feigned rancor, put out his eyes and those of his children, and ruled for three years. At last, she was about to be married to great Charlemagne, and when the Greeks discovered this, they seized her and shut her up in a monastery, making Nichofre (Nicholas) their emperor.\n\nThe five universals, which in olden times were translated from Athens to Rome, were translated to Paris around this time by Charles, king of France.\n\nNichofre (Nicholas) was emperor after Constantine. He was a very tyrannical man.Exalted to his empire by the Greeks, but he did not profit, for at this time the Romans placed them under Charlemagne. Jerusalem was recovered by Charlemagne at this time, along with all the holy land. The sect of the Saracens was destroyed. For the wretches came then, and Michael was emperor for two years. He was a very Christian man, well beloved, and also skilled in all sciences. Niceterius had been harmed and distressed by his covetousness, but Michael restored them and made them rich again.\n\nNote:\nCharlemagne was the first saint to be emperor after Michael. He was crowned emperor by Leo, the pope, from whom time the empire was translated from the Greeks to France and Germany. The Greeks were always defective to the Romans in the translation of the empire, and the Greeks strove more with them. But it was more with venomous words than with strength, and more with craft than with battle.For they had such great envy against the Romans that they would not obey the Church of Rome. When the popes wrote to them to obey the Church of Rome, they wrote back and said, \"You have taken the Empire from our kin; therefore, we will not obey. And we take it back from you. Regarding this noble Emperor Charlemagne, it is to be understood that this man, when he was a young man, was anointed king of France by Stephen, the pope. In the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 732, when his father Pippin lived. He reigned under him and with him for fifteen years until his father's death. Then, after his father, in the year of our Lord 748, Charlemagne and his brother Charlesmann ruled for two years. And then, his brother died in the second year. Charlemagne held the entire kingdom for fourteen years, until the year of our Lord 784. In which year he went to Rome to be crowned.Emperor Adrianus, pope for 16 years, from the year 800 to the papacy of Leo, who confirmed him as emperor again. He reigned for another 14 years and died in the year 826, which was also the year 800 and 12. For more about Charlemagne, see the books of Turpin and Libramius, his master, as they recorded his noble deeds. Leo the Fourth was pope after Adrianus, for 20 years. One day, during the Lenten procession to St. Peter's Church on St. Mark's Day, he was seized by wicked people and both his eyes were put out and his tongue was cut off. But miraculously, our Lord restored his sight and speech, allowing him to speak without a tongue and see by miracle. Afterward, he went with Charlemagne to France. He came with him to Rome and avenged the pope against his enemy. Then he crowned Charlemagne and confirmed him again. The first Louis the Mild.Emperor Charles had a son after twenty-six years, who became emperor after him. In his time, it was decreed that clerks should not wear garments with precious stones or strange adornments. This Louis, of his first wife, had two children, and both had a bad end. In every way, he was patient against him, and in the end, he overcame him. He remained devout before God. His children followed him in his ways; he died as a blessed man.\n\nPope Leo was succeeded by Stephen the Fourth after three years. This Stephen redeemed many captive men and crowned Louis the Emperor. Afterward, he died and was buried in Rome.\n\nPaschal was pope after Stephen. He was a great diligence to the relics of saints. He took up innumerable bodies of saints and buried them respectfully, as he was commanded in the vision of Saint Cecilia.\n\nEugenius the Fourth was pope after Paschal, and he was a very holy man. He took care of all things that were for Christ. This man was crowned a martyr.And by the laymen of Rome, Valentinus was buried in St. Peter's churchyard. Valentinus was pope for 40 days after Eugenius. Little is written about him. Gregory the Fourth was pope after him for 12 years. This Gregory saw many heavy times for the plagues among the common people, and at this man's petition, Ludovicus the Emperor and Marcio, prince of Lombardy, expelled all Saracens from Italy. And lastly, he died after numerous good deeds and works he had done at St. Peter's. Lotherius, the first son of Ludovicus, was Emperor for 15 years in Italy and Rome, as well as the parties of Germany next to the hills of Alps. This Lotherius rose against his brother Ludovicus and Charlemagne for the kingdom of Duchalonde, which at one time Pippin, their brother, held. And they fought at a place called Fomanecu. Lotherius was discomfited there. And such slaughter was made on both sides that they had no men to resist their adversaries. This was understood by a false Christian man, and he sent word toSoudan of the Sarasins was expected to come soon. He took Rome and Saint Peter's church was used as a stable for their horses. But Louis with the Frenchmen and Lombards, infinite in number, destroyed it with great shedding of Christian blood.\n\nSergius the Second was pope for two years after Gregory. This man was first called hog-nose in English, as all popes' names are changed when they are chosen. This was done for three reasons. The first because Christ changed the names of those men whom He made popes. The second, as they are changed in name, they should be changed in perfection of life. The third, he who is chosen to an exceeding degree should harm in name.\n\nLeo was pope for eight years after Sergius. This Leo was a holy man and, in prudence, as sharp as a serpent, and in his deeds as meek as a dove. He was born virtuously in a monastery. When he was made pope, he labored to repair his [damage or reputation?]This man, a mighty writer and great preacher, rebuilt churches that the false Saracens had destroyed one after another. He labored greatly in watch and prayer and died, and is buried at St. Peter's. Benedictus, a Roman, was pope after Leo for two years. This Benedictus was blessed in all things. He ordered clerks to go and live honestly.\n\nLouis, son of Lotharius, was emperor at this time and was anointed by Sergius, the pope. He ruled with his father for a while and later ruled alone for 21 years. He had a son named Charles the Great. The devil entered him and vexed him before his father. Then he conspired against his father's death. In his time, many marvelous things occurred.\n\nNote.\n\nJohn Anglicus, of the name of Maguncio, was pope around this time. She was a woman dressed in men's garments. But she profited greatly from holy scripture, and there was none like her. She was chosen as pope, but later she became pregnant. And whenShe should have gone openly in procession; she traveled and deceased. And this is the sixteenth pope, who at that time was called holy and was very vicious. This person, like other popes, was chosen by God; she was not named in the book of popes.\n\nNicholas, a Roman, was pope after this woman for nine years. This Nicholas was of great holiness; there was no man comparable to him after another pope. And when he was made pope, Louis the Emperor was present. And after he died, a very good man was buried in St. Peter's church.\n\nAdrian, a Roman, king of Lotharingia, came to Rome to excuse himself for his adultery. But when he came to Rome, he said that he had been cursed wrongfully. He brought with him all the noble men of his region, and they all died within one year, and the king died on the way.\n\nAfter the death of this Eldred, his brother Alured, who was called Dolfynes, reigned.\n\nThe Danes gathered and assembled them. And he went to seek them.King Alfred, newly made king of Wessex, was found at Wilton with a small group of people. Despite this, he engaged in battle with them. But in the end, he fled from the field and went to Wessex, gathering a large army from his own realm and from other allies. With this strong host, the Danes had no power to resist him. King Alfred came to London with his army, and there the Danes surrendered. He wanted to fight them, but the Danes refused and asked for peace. They agreed that the Danes could leave and never return to England to cause harm again. In exchange, they would give him good hostages.\n\nThe very same day that the Danes departed from London, they rode quickly day and night without stopping until they reached Exeter and took the town. When King Alfred heard this,ridinges/ Anon he let them take the hostages/ and went from then to Exeter with all the power that he had/ And when the Danes heard tell of his coming, they went from there to the west, to Chippenham,/ and there they did much harm in the country, they robbed people, and brought them in prison. King Alfred pursued them and came upon them right away, and fiercely assailed them. And there both Hubba and Hu\u011far his brother, and Beorn Botecader were slain. And in this battle were slain many people in this one and in that other. But the great Danes had killed him. They took counsel with the king and his barons, who rode all night to seek them out and came upon them about prime at Abingdon, where the Danes were. King Alfred and his barons assembled and assailed the Danes eagerly,/ and there gave them a strong battle. And the Danes put them to a long time that no man knew which part more prevailed.people were slain. But it happened that King Alfred had the victory with great honor. The Danes were so driven back that they didn't know whether to turn back. They were given twenty days to leave. And so they went forth quickly and returned on the day assigned to them. And all the Danes brought their king with them.\n\nKing Alfred immediately allowed them great tributes. And after they were baptized, they departed. And King Alfred was at ease then, having his enemies under his control and turned to the right by the will of Almighty God.\n\nLater, the Danes from Northumbria came with a great strength and a huge host from Flanders, who went to Flanders with Gurmond of Flanders when he had conquered England and gave it to the Saxons. And those who came from Flanders arrived in Kent and sent word to Northumbria that they should come to them. When the two hosts had come and assembled, they immediately.they went to destroy all the Christian people of England from place to place and caused much sorrow. It happened thus: Almighty God permitted a harsh chance into England. For the good king, who was named Alured, was accustomed to appease the Danes. Pope John VIII succeeded Adrian VIII for eight years. This John anointed Charles the Emperor. He suffered great wrong from the Romans because he favored the said Emperor. Therefore, he had John put in custody. He also deprived the bishop of Portuenze, who was the cause of all his sorrow. Charles II succeeded Ludovicus. This Charles had a brother named Ludovicus, who was king of Germany. He organized a battle against his brother, but Charles or they fought was poisoned. He founded many monasteries. Martin I succeeded John I for one year. This Martin little profited because he lived but a little time. Adrian III succeeded him for one year. Nothing is written about him. Stephen V succeeded him.Pope was pope for 6 years, and there is nothing written about him except that he translated the body of St. Martin. Charles the Third was emperor after the second pope for 12 years. This Charles had possession of France and all Germany and was crowned emperor by Pope John. After this glorious victory, he turned Normandy to the faith of God Almighty, and he could no longer resist the French for four years he ruled over them. He was unprofitable to them, and therefore they deposed him. Arnulf was emperor after Charles for 13 years. This Arnulf utterly subdued the Normans, who had destroyed the French for 40 years. Then he was sick and had no comfort from any doctor, for he was in a marvelous sickness, and he was consumed with life and was dead. Formosus was pope after Stephen for 5 years. This man was bishop of Portuensis first. Pope John was deposed for his disobedience and was demoted to the lay state. But by Martin, pope, he was restored.And against his other, he came not only to Rome but to offer himself the dignity of the pope, due to the great alteration. Boniface VI was pope for five days. Stephen VI ruled for one year and three months. Johannes three months and twelve days. Iona also three months and twelve days. Theodorus II ruled for twenty days. Johannes the Eleventh ruled for two years and fifteen days. Benedict IV ruled for a year and two months. Leo IV ruled for forty days. Xystophorus I ruled for seven months. All these eight popes ruled for little time, and therefore we cannot tell of them any notable things, but if we were to write slander of them that might be found, for the unheard strife and contention in that holy apostles' seat. For one struggle against another, and reproved the deeds of another. And to tell how they struggled, it would be no great honor to show for the holy apostles' seat.\n\nLodovicus the Third was emperor after Arnulfus for six years. This man did not have the pope's blessing.For the instability of those who ruled in Italy, and he was compelled to expel Berengar. This man was the last Emperor of all the kin of Charlemagne, King of France. At this time, the Empire was removed and translated and divided. The French did not help the Church, which they had edified and fortified, but destroyed it instead. Nor did the Romans help against the Lombards, who vexed the Romans severely. Therefore, by the common assent, they were excluded from the Empire, and the Italians began to be Emperor in Italy, and the Germans in Germany. The French were compelled to remain in their own country and no longer to be Emperor for their wicked living.\n\nBerengar I was the first.\nConrad and Berengar II, and Hugo were Emperors after Louis, but they are not named among the Emperors. For some were only in Germany, and some in Italy.\n\nAnd after this, Alaric ruled his son Edward.Edward was a good man and wise, named Edward, renowned for his courtesy. The Danes caused great sorrow in the land, and their power grew, increasing day by day. The Danes frequently entered this land, and when King Edward saw he could accomplish nothing more, he made peace with them, granting them this truce. However, the truce did not last long before the Danes began strongly to war against the English, causing them much sorrow. Therefore, King Edward assembled a great host to fight them. And then King Edward died when God willed it. King Edward reigned for 24 years and lies buried beside his father at Winchester.\n\nSergius the Third was pope after Christ for seven years. This man was a Cardinal of Rome and was expelled by Formosus the pope. He then went to the Franks. And through their help and favor, he returned to Rome and immediately expelled Xystophorus the pope.\n\nAfterwards, Pope Sergius the Third...And he took out the body of Pope Formosus, whom he had buried. He arrayed him in the pope's vestments and had him paraded through Rome, causing him to be thrown into the Tiber River. Fishermen then found him and brought him to the church. The holy images of the saints bowed down to him when his body was brought into the church, so that all might see and honor him. However, Sergius destroyed all that the holy man had ordained.\n\nAnastasius was pope for two years after him.\n\nLando was pope for five months, and they accomplished little.\n\nJohn X was pope then. This John was the son of Sergius, the pope, by both nature and manners, and he became pope through might. He was wretchedly killed by Guido's knights; they put a pilum on his mouth and stopped his breath. And after him, another was put in place, but he was soon removed, and therefore he is not named as pope.\n\nHenricus, Duke of Saxony, was Emperor of Germany for seventeen years.This Henry was a noble man, but he is not named among emperors. He ruled only in Almain, and he had a very holy woman as his wife, whose name was Matilda. She bore him two sons: Otto and Harry. Otto succeeded him in the Empire, and Harry had much land in Almain. Otto had another son, who was high-born.\n\nAfter Henry, Edward, his son, reigned. He reigned for four years and waged battle against the Danes. He drove King Godfrey, who was king of the Danes and all his host, to the sea, and began war against King Edward at Comberland and the Sets of Westmoreland. He gave them such strong battle that no man could tell the number of those slain. He reigned for three years and ruled for twenty-five years, and lies at Malmesbury.\n\nThen after Edward, Edmund, his brother, reigned. King Edward had no son, and Edmund was a worthy man and a valiant knight, as well as noble.And in the third year after he became king, he went over the Humber into the country where he found two Danish kings. One was named Canute (Egilaf), and the other Renault. King Athelstan drove them both out of the land, and after that, he took a great prey in Northumbria. Athelstan reigned for seven years and lies at Glastonbury.\n\nAfter Athelstan, his brother Edred succeeded him and avenged his father Edgar for his enemies who had killed him. And after seizing all Northumbria into his possession, he made the Scots submit to his will. In the second year of his reign, Arnulf Guthrian, king of Denmark, seized all Northumbria and held it for two years. After that, King Edred drove him out of the land. And this King Edred was a noble and good man, of whom St. Dunstan preached. And King Edred reigned for eleven years and lies at Winchester.\n\nAfter Edred, his son Edwin succeeded him.And he was a simple man, revering God and the people. He hated people from his own land and loved and honored strangers. He set little store by the holy church and took all the treasure he could from it. This was great shame and wickedness to himself and danger to his soul. And therefore God would not allow him to reign any longer than four years and he died, lying at Winchester.\n\nLeo the Sixth was pope for six months. Stephen the Seventh succeeded him for two years. John the Eleventh, a Roman, was pope for three years. Stephen the Eighth, a German, was pope after him for eight years. Martin the Third was pope after him for three years, and of these six popes, nothing is recorded in scripture. I cannot tell why.\n\nAgapitus, a Roman, was pope after Martinus for two years and eight months, and nothing of him is written.\n\nIohannes the Twelfth, a Roman, was pope after Agapitus for eight years. He had a father named Alberic, who was a worthy man in the church of Rome. He introduced:After the death of Agapitus, the noble men swore that they would make Ottauianus, his son, pope. This was done, and he was named John. John was a hunter and a lecherous man, keeping women openly. Ten Cardinals wrote to Otto, Emperor of Saxony, asking him to come to Rome to help destroy the corruption in the Church. John perceived this and had the author of the letter arrested. He was repeatedly warned by the Emperor and the clergy to correct himself, but he refused. He was then deposed, and Leo was put in his place. The Emperor was displeased and returned, besieging Rome until Benedict was taken to him, and Leo was restored.\n\nEdwyne then reigned, succeeded by his brother Edgar, a man who greatly loved God and peace, and the right of the holy Church. He was a worthy man and a great lord, ruling well in peace. Edgar was lord and king above all the kings.Of Scotland and Wales, from the time that Arthur was gone, and Edgar was never king of his power. And this Edgar was Saint Edward's father. When Edgar's wife was dead, it was Saint Edward's mother, and she entered, he heard speak of the fairness of Estryd, who was Osgar's daughter, a baron of Devenshire, so fair a woman that all men did speak of her. He called one of his knights whom he much loved and trusted upon, Gotelwode, a fair young knight with the king. And he thought his daughter should well be married and set upon him, and granted him his daughter if the good Lord the king would consent to it.\n\nThen this Gotelwode came again to the king and said that she was fair enough to see, but she was wonderfully lovely. The king answered and said that he took but little charge. Sir Gotelwode said, she is her father's heir, and I am not rich in lands, and if you would consent and grant that I might have her, then I should be rich enough.The king spoke God's name. I consent. Edel thanked the king greatly and went back to Devenshire to speak with the damsel and dwelled in that courtyard. And it happened at one time that he told his counsel and all this thing to his wife, how and in what manner he had deceived his lord who wanted to marry her. And as soon as she knew this, she loved him no more than before. This lady conceived a son by him. And when the time came for the child to be born, Edel came to the king and asked him to have a son by the font stone. The king granted it, and he named him Edgar after his own name. And when this was done, he thought that all was safe enough for the king, that he would not take his wife for as much as his lord was a holy man and amorous.\n\nThus it happened that all men in King Edgar's court spoke and said that Edel was greatly advanced through the aforementioned marriage of his wife. YetThey said he was announced a hundredfold more, for he had sworn to the most beautiful creature ever seen. And the king heard speak so much of her beauty that he thought he would be displeased and deceived. And in his heart, he planned to go to Devonshire, as if to hunt for the hart and the hind and other wild beasts. And this lady was dwelling at a manor near the forest where the king would hunt. A handmaiden and her lady were next to him. Three times he went to solace and speak with that lady while he stayed in that country.\n\nAfter the king left, he considered how best to deliver Edelwod from his wife, as he had first intended. And the king summoned a parliament at Salisbury within eight days of all his barons' counsel to order how the county of Northumberland should be kept from the Danes.The third Berengarius became Emperor after Henry. And Edelwode came to the king's parliament. The king sent him to York to be its keeper. However, he was not recognized and was killed on the way. Immediately upon hearing this news, the queen, Elizabeth, and another lady were sent to the king. Saint Dunstan came to the king in his chamber the next morning and found the queen, Elizabeth, in bed with him. He reproached the king for doing great wrong and marrying a woman whose child he had taken at Fontenay. The queen never loved Saint Dunstan after that. The king took a son named Eldred from her when he was six years old. At that time, he had reigned for seventeen years and lies at Glastonbury. Berengarius III was the third Emperor after Henry.In the seventh year, Berengarius was Emperor in Italy. During his time, there was great disturbance. Henry, the emperor, died, and Otto began to reign in Germany. Lotharius ruled for two years after him and died when Otto was reigning in Germany. Otto had a wife named Dalnamah, whom he married after Lotharius. Berengarius the Fourth followed him, and with great tyranny, he subdued Italy. Therefore, the pope and other Romans called upon Otto to help them, which he did. He captured Berengarius by force and outlawed him twice. He also took Lotharius' wife, whom the tyrant had imprisoned.\n\nLeo the Eighth was pope after Benedictus for one year and four months. He was chosen with the common voice, and Johannes was deposed. This Leo decreed that no pope should be made without the consent of the emperor to counteract the malice of the Romans who oppressed them. This Leo granted all the privileges to Otto and his successors, which had been given by Justinian and Charlemagne to the church.That he might defend Italy from rebellions, John the XII was pope after him almost for eight years. This Johannes suffered great wrong from the Romans. He was taken and exiled, but Otto bore this heavily. For he slew the noblemen of Rome, and certain ones were exiled forevermore. Benedictus the VI was pope after him for six years. This man was taken and strangled in the castle Angell.\n\nNote.\n\nThe Empire in this time was translated to the Germans. And the same cause is here as before, for the emperor of Constantinople of Roman blood was crowned by Benedictus the pope.\n\nAnd after this, Edgar reigned, Edward his son, who begat upon his first wife, a willful and noble ruler of the land. For he was full of all manner of goodness and led a fully holy life. Above all things, he loved God and holy church. And the queen Eschylte, his stepmother, caused him to be slain, and this on a day he was.Afterward, on a day when the forest was full of deer and hinds, he decided to leave his hunting and go visit his brother Eldred, who was with the queen near the forest, residing in Corfe Castle at that time. As he made his way through the thicket to spy his game, he strayed off course and lost the little company that had accompanied him. Eventually, he emerged from the wood. That night, the king said he could not go, but he insisted on joining his people if he could find them. When the queen saw he would not stay, she asked him to drink and he agreed. As soon as the drink was brought, the queen drank to the king. The king took the cup and placed it to his mouth. In the meantime,\n\nCleaned Text: Afterward, on a day when the forest was full of deer and hinds, he decided to leave his hunting and visit his brother Eldred, who was with the queen near the forest, residing in Corfe Castle at that time. As he made his way through the thicket to spy his game, he strayed off course and lost the little company that had accompanied him. Eventually, he emerged from the wood. That night, the king said he could not go, but he insisted on joining his people if he could find them. When the queen saw he would not stay, she asked him to drink and he agreed. As soon as the drink was brought, the queen drank to the king. The king took the cup and placed it to his mouth. In the meantime,while he drank, the false knight with the queen stabbed the king to the heart. There he fell down dead onto the earth from his palfroy. The queen, for this deed, gave the knight gold and silver in great abundance, and other riches enough. And the knight immediately went over the sea. And so he escaped from this land.\n\nWhen King Edward was thus murdered, it was in the year of the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ 980. He had reigned for 12 years and a half, and lies at Glastonbury.\n\nAfter Edward's death, Eldred his brother reigned. Saint Dunstan crowned him. And this Saint Dunstan died soon after he had forgiven the queen her trespasses.\n\nAfter the death of Swine, that Dane's son dwelt in England and would have been king. And this knight's son came again from Normandy with a large number of people, and a strong army that the knight could not endure, but fled thence into Denmark. King Eldred had against him again.his realm held such great worship that he began to destroy all those who helped Swyne, a Dane, against him. Afterward, this Knight returned from Denmark with a great power, so that King Eldred dared not fight him but fled to London, where he held him. The Knight besieged him for so long that King Eldred died in the city of London and lies at St. Paul's. He reigned for nine years.\n\nBonu made many Romans captive and convened a council against the king of France, where Gilbert the Nigramante was deposed.\n\nIohannes the XIV was pope after him for eight months. And he was imprisoned in the castle Angelo and was on the verge of death by famine.\n\nIohannes the XV was pope after him for four months.\n\nIohannes the XVI was pope after him almost eleven years. This man was trained in arms and wrote many books, and little else is known about him.\n\nGregorius the V was pope after this man almost three years. And this Gregorius was made pope at the latter end of the year.Instance of Emperor Otto III: He was his consanguineous relative, and during a brief period, he was pope. Crecensius, a consul, placed Placentinus in the papal position for money. A struggle ensued for a few days. But Emperor Otto returned soon after and took Crecensius, the consul, captive. He had Placentinus, the pope, struck on the head and plucked out his eyes. This man, who had usurped his cousin's position as pope, was also injured on other limbs. Neither his knights nor his dukes came to his aid. He had done what he should not have, and he suffered what he deserved.\n\nNote. Gregory and Emperor Otto established the chessboards of the Empire, which have continued to this day. The Frenchmen and no others were unable to break this ordinance. These relics of saints, and he often visited holy places.\n\nThis man was crowned by Gregory, his cousin. He eventually died in Rome.\n\nSilvester the [Pope]Secondus was pope for four years after Gregory. In the life of Saint Laurence, he and his wife were held up as examples. Benedictus was pope for eleven years after John. He had great strife during his papacy; he was deposed and another was put in his place. After his death, Benedictus appeared to a holy bishop in a wretched form. He had great pain and said, \"I trusted in nothing from God's mercy. Nothing profited me that was done for me, for it was obtained through extortion and unjustly.\" Then the bishop left his bishopric out of fear of this sight and went to live in a monastery, leading a virtuous life for the rest of his days. Johannes the Tenth was pope for eleven years after him. He little profited.\n\nAfter the death of Eldred Knight, a Dane, Edmond Ironside, his son by his first wife, gathered a great power of men and began to wage war against King Knighthood. He did this many times and often.war was so strong and harsh, it was wonderful it was to write about. And Queen Emma, who dwelt then in Westminster, had great fear for her two sons, Alfred and Edward, in the war, Alured and Edward. Therefore, she sent them over to Normandy to live with their uncle, Duke Richard. And there they lived in safety and peace for a long time.\n\nEdmund Ironside and Canute the Dane waged war strongly against each other. But in the end, they were reconciled in this way: they agreed to divide the realm between them, and so they did. And after that, they ruled together as King Edmund Ironside and King Canute the Dane.\n\nHowever, it came to pass in the same year that they were reconciled and loved each other so much that they were like brothers, born of one father and one mother, that a false traitor, named Eadric Straton, envied their love and friendship. He was a great lord.Edmond Irensyde owned all the land that he had. Yet he suspected his lord of betrayal, intending to make him king of the land. Edmond Irensyde prayed to his lord on a day for a meal together. The king granted his request and came to the meal. At the meal, the king was royally served with various dishes and drinks. When the night came for him to go to bed, the king took his own men and went to his chamber for rest. As he looked around, he saw a beautiful and well-made image, appearing like an archer with a bow, and in the bow, a fine arrow. Edmond Irensyde approached to look at it better. Anon, the arrow struck him through the body and killed the king. For that engine was made to treacherously slay his own lord. And so, when King Edmond was thus deceased and slain, he had reigned but ten years.And yet he [King Edmond] and his people mourned for him deeply. They urged him to do with their bodies as he pleased. They told him how cunningly he had killed King Edmond, enabling King Knight to rule over all England.\n\nO false traitor, hasten and bring my true brother, the one I loved most in this world, to me, for I will reward your treachery well as you have deserved. And seize him and bind his hands and feet in the manner of a traitor. Cast him into the Tamesis, and in this way the false traitor ended his life.\n\nThe king took the two children and placed them in the care of the abbot of Westminster to guard and keep until he knew what was best to do with them.\n\nSoon after, King Knight had gained control of all the land, and he married Queen Emma, with the consent of his barons. She was a fair woman, the wife of Eldred and the sister of the Duke of Normandy, and they lived together with great joy.The queen suggested that the king deal with Edmond and Ireys' sons. \"They are the rightful heirs to the land,\" she said. \"If they live, they will cause much sorrow through war. Therefore, let them be sent to a distant land, to some man who can defile and destroy them.\" The king summoned a Dane named Walgar and commanded him to take the two children to Denmark and arrange for their care, never to hear from them again. Walgar agreed, took the children, and brought them to Denmark. Because he saw that the children were fair and meek, Walgar felt great pity and compassion for them and wished to spare their lives. Instead, he took them to the king of Hungary to raise them. The king asked when the children had arrived, and Walgar informed him.And they claimed they were the right heirs of England, and therefore men would destroy them. Thus, they have come to you seeking mercy and help. And indeed, if they may live, your men they shall become, and of you they shall hold all their land. The king of Hungary received them with much honor, and let them be worthily kept.\n\nLater on, Edwyne, the younger brother, died, and Edward, the elder brother, lived. He was a fair man and strong, and large of body, and gentle and courteous, so that all men loved him. This Edward is called among the Englishmen Edward the outlaw.\n\nWhen he was made a knight, the king's daughter of Hungary greatly loved him for his goodness and fairness, and she called him her dear one. The king, who was her father, perceived well the love between them two, and had no heir but only that daughter. The king vowed to save his daughter to no man as well as he did to him whom she loved.Edward was greatly welcomed and married her with good intent. King Henry sent for all his barons and held a solemn feast and grand wedding. He made it clear that Edward should become king of that land upon his demise, and everyone was pleased with this news. Edward fathered a son upon his lady, named Edgar the Elder, and later a daughter named Margaret, who became queen of Scotland. Through Margaret, the king of Scotland, there was a daughter named Maude, who later became queen of England, through King Henry, the first son of the conqueror. Henry the Emperor, who is the present-day king of England, is a descendant of this Maude. Edward also had another daughter named Cristen by his wife.We have heard of Edmond Ironsides' sons, who were believed to have been slain as he had commanded Walgar before. King Knight held all of England and Denmark in his reign. After that, they went to Norway to conquer the land. But the king of that land, called Elath, came with his people and decided to keep and defend his land. They fought each other until at last Elath was slain in that battle. And after conquering Norway and taking tribute and homages there, King Knight returned to England and held himself as great a lord that he thought in all the world there was no equal. He came so proud and haughty that it was a great wonder.\n\nOne day, as he had heard mass at Westminster and was about to go to his palaces, the ways of the Thames swiftly approached him, almost touching his feet. The king said with a proud heart, \"I\"The king commanded the water to turn again or I shall make the waves recede. The waves, for his commanded might, would not spare but flowed ever higher. The king was so proud of heart that he would not flee the water and struck it with a rod he held in his hand, commanding the water not to advance further. But for all his commands, the water would not cease but grew more and more high, so that the king was all wet and stood deep in the water. And when he saw that he had remained there too long and the water would not obey his commands, however soon he drew himself and stood on a stone and held his hands high and said these words, hearing all the people.\n\nThis god who makes the sea rise is king of all kings and of all mights most. And I am a captive and a man of death; and he may never die; and all things do his commandment and are obedient to him.\n\nTo that god I pray, that he be my warrant. For I know myself a captive, weak.And so I will go to Rome without further delay, and my wickedness to punish and myself to amend. For by God I claim my land to hold, and of none other. And immediately he prepared his heir and himself, and went to Rome without delay. Along the way, he performed many acts of charity, and when he arrived in Rome, he stayed there to atone for his sins. Upon returning to England, he became a good man and a holy one. He lived a humble life, renouncing all pride and arrogance, and established two monasteries in the name of St. Benedict, one in England and the other in Normandy, as he held a special devotion to this saint. He also held St. Edmund the King in high regard. He frequently bestowed great gifts upon the poor, making the house rich.\n\nAnd when he had reigned for twenty years, he died and lies in Winchester.\n\nBenedict IX was pope after John, and he was a great lecher, and therefore he was condemned. He appeared.A certain man encountered one under a marvelous figure and horrible. His head and tail were like an ass, the rest of his body resembling a bear. He spoke to the man he appeared to, saying, \"Do not be afraid. I was once a man like you, but I now appear to you because I lived unhappily in olden times as a beast when I was pope. In this man's time, there was great division and strife in the church because he was deposed and reinstated twice. Thomae notes that the pride of bishops had an evil end. It was the cause of much unrest and battle.\n\nConrad was the emperor after Henry XX years. He made many laws and commanded strict observance of them by all men. But the earl of Ludolf was accused and fled from his land. He desired to live like a peasant rather than a gentleman. Remarkably, his son was made emperor by the command of God against Conrad's will. In the end, they were reconciled. And he took Cordeis daughter as his wife.A knight named before us had two sons by his wife Emma. One was named Hardyknight, and the other Harold. The latter was so light-footed that men commonly called him Harold Harefoot. Harold did not possess the conditions or manners fitting for a king, and he dwelt with the earl in Flodden. Therefore, after this, there was never good love between him and his brother. Harold Harefoot regarded his brother Hardyknight as a noble knight and a worthy man, and one who loved chivalry and all goodness. After Hardyknight had ruled for a little while, he let his brother Harold go unchecked and struck off his head, at Westergate. He then cast the body into the Tamesis. Afterward, fishermen took the body with their nets by night and carried it to St. Clement's church, where they interred him. In this manner, Hardyknight avenged himself on his brother, for in no other way could he.This king Hardiknot was so generous with food and drink that his tables were set every day with three rich meals and drinks for his own men, and for all who came to his court to be generously served with rich meals. And when this queen, Hardiknot's mother, was driven out of England while Harold Harefoot was the greatest lord of England next the king, and most able to carry out his commands throughout all England, because he had his spoiled daughter of the good king Knut, who was a Dane, Hardiknot's first wife's daughter - when this queen was driven out of England and went to the Earl of Flanders, who was called Baldwin, her cousin, he found her there all that she needed until she went back to England again, which King Hardiknot had sent for and brought back with great honor. This kingAfter King Hardyknight had ruled for five years, he died and lies at Westminster. And after the death of this king Hardyknight, since he had no heir of his body, the earls and barons assembled and made a decree that no man who was a Dane, however great among them, should ever be king of England, due to the spite the Danes had shown to Englishmen. For earlier, and if it had been so that the Englishmen and Danes happened to meet on a bridge, the Englishmen would not be so bold to move or stir a foot, but would stand still till the Dane had passed. And moreover, if the Englishmen had not bowed down their heads to do reverence to the Danes, they would have been beaten and defrauded. And such despites and villainies did the Danes show to our Englishmen. Therefore, they were driven out of the land after King Hardyknight's time, for they had no lord they could maintain. In this manner, the decree was avoided.The Earls and barons, with their common consent and counsel, sent to Normandy to seek out the two brothers Alured and Edward, who were living with Duke Richard, with the intention of crowning Alured as king of England and making him an end to the reign of the current king. However, Earl Godwin of Wessex treacherously planned to kill the two brothers as soon as they arrived in England. His motive was to make his son Harold, whom he had fathered on his wife, Thyra's daughter, king instead. Godwin secretly went to Southampton to meet the two brothers when they were to arrive in London.\n\nMeanwhile, the messengers sent to Normandy found only Alured, the elder brother, as Edward had gone to Hungary to speak with his cousin Edward the Outlaw.Edmond, son of Ironside, received the message that earls and barons of England sent to him, informing Alured that he should boldly come to England and receive the realm, as King Hardknut was dead and the Danes had been driven out of the land. When Alured heard these tidings, he gave thanks to God and set sail with all haste, crossing the sea and arriving at Southampton. There, Godewin the false traitor welcomed him and received him with great joy, declaring that he would lead him to London where all the barons awaited him to make him king. And so they set off for London. When they arrived at Guildford, Godewin told Alured to be on guard on both sides and that, if he became king, he would ordain and make such laws. Therefore, Alured replied, \"I grant you this, and if I am king, I shall ordain and make such laws that God and man will approve.\"with him, those who died. For they killed all the company that were there, the number of whom was twelve gentlemen who had come with him from Normandy, and afterwards took Alured and in the isle of Ely they put out his eyes and rent his body and took the chief of his bowels and put a stake in the ground and fastened the end of the bowels to it, and with needles they pricked the good child and so made him walk about the stake until all his bowels were drawn out of his body, and thus died Alured through the treason of Earl Godwin.\n\nWhen the lords of England learned and knew that Alured, who should have been their king, was put to death through the false traitor Godwin, they were very angry. And they swore between God and themselves that he should die a worse death than Edith of Stratford, who had betrayed her lord Edmund Ironside, and they would have put him to death, but the traitor Godwin fled thence into Denmark, and there he held him for four years and more, and lost all his land.England.\nSilvester III was pope after Benedict IX. This Silvester was chosen, and Benedict IX was expelled. Afterwards, he was expelled, and Gregory VI was made pope. And he was a simple, uneducated man, so he chose another man to be consecrated with him. But many men were displeased with this dual papacy, and the third was brought in to occupy the place of both. They struggled among themselves. However, Henry the Emperor came to Rome and deposed them all, making Clement II pope, whom he had anointed. He told the Romans they should never choose a pope without his consent. And so, with five popes, Sixtus IV was elected. Many men say that Gregory VI was a holy man.\n\nDamasus II succeeded Clement II after twenty days. This man was an usurper of the papacy, and he died suddenly. Immediately, the Romans asked for a new pope.Almayns should have none. For they were so hard-hearted that they could not accept the emperor's decree. The emperor decreed that no pope would be chosen unless he was willing to be part of the election council. However, they put forward this holy man Leo, and after he had given his consent and refused, he was chosen by the common assent. This Leo placed Christ in the form of a lamb in his own bed, and in the midst of his despair, he found nothing there.\n\nAnd when this was done, the barons of England sent another time to Normandy, because Edward had fallen ill. It happened one day that he went from the church of Westminster. He had heard mass of St. John the Evangelist, for he loved St. John the Evangelist more especially after God and his lady than any other saint. And so a pilgrim came to him, praying him for the love of God, his lady, and St. John the Evangelist, to grant him a favor. The king took off his ring from his finger, ensuring that no man could claim it.Perceived it and gave it to the pilgrim, and he received it and went then. This king Edward made all the good laws of England that are most used and held. He was so merciful and full of pity that no man could be more. As the Earl Godwin, who was dwelling in Denmark, had much heard of the goodness of King Edward and that he was so full of mercy and pity. He thought he would go again into England to seek and have grace from the merciful king Edward, who might grant him peace and his land again. He arrayed himself as much as he could and put himself in charge of the sea and came to England to London where the king was at that time and all the lords of England, and held a parliament. Godwin sent to him that he was his friends and the greatest lords of the land, and begged them to intercede for him with the king's great grace and that he would grant him peace and his land. The lords led him before the king to seek his grace. And immediately as the king saw him,The king called out to Godewin, \"You are accused of treason and the death of my brother Alured. Godewin replied, \"I, sir, have not betrayed or killed your brother. Therefore, I place myself at your court's mercy.\" The king then addressed the lords, \"You, my lords, earls and barons of the land who are assembled here, listen well to my appeal and Godewin's response. I will declare war and do what is right.\" The lords gathered together to discuss this matter and spoke variously among themselves. Some argued that there had never been any allegiance, homage, service, or lordship between Godewin and Alured, which could have bound him. In the end, they decided that he should be granted mercy and brought before the king. The Earl of Couentree spoke up, \"God be with us,\"The earl Godwin is the best defended man in England after the king. It could not be argued otherwise. Alured was never put to death, and I, in my part, charge myself, Godwin and his son, and every one of us, the twelve earls who are his friends, to go before the king with as much gold and silver as we can bear between us. We pray the king to forgive Godwin's evil will and receive his homage, and yield back his land. We agreed to this, and came in this manner: each of us, with gold and silver as much as we could bear between us, before the king. We spoke the form and manner of our agreement and our charge. The king would not contradict us, but granted as much as we had ordered. Thus, Earl Godwin was accorded with the king, and he had his land restored to him again. Afterward, he bore himself thus.well and wisely, the king greatly loved him and was full of guile. And within a little time they loved each other so much that the king swore to Godwin's daughter and made her queen. And yet, though the king had a wife, he lived ever in chastity and cleanliness of body without committing any fleshly deed with his wife. And the queen also led an holy life for two years and died. And afterward, the king lived all his life without any wife.\n\nThe king gave the earldom of Oxford to Harold, who was Godwin's son, and made him earl. And so well they were beloved, both father and son, and so trustworthy with the king, that they might do whatever they wanted through right. And against right, he would do nothing for any manner of man, so good and true he was in conscience. And therefore, our Lord Jesus Christ showed great special love to him.\n\nIt happened on a Wednesday that King Edward heard mass in the great church ofwestmestre nyghe att the leuacyon of Ihesu Crystis body / and as alle men were gadred in to the chyrche. and came nyght the awter for to see the sacrynge. the kyng his hon\u00a6des lyfe vp on hygher and a grete laughter to\u2223ke vp. Wherfore all that aboute hym stode gre\u2223tely\nganne wonder. And after masse / they ax\u00a6ed why the kynges laughter was fayre lorde sayd kyng Edwarde. I sawe Swyne the yon\u00a6ger that was kynge of Denmarke come in to the see with hys power for to haue come in to Englonde vpon vs for to warre. And I sawe hym and hys folke drowned in the see / and all thys I sawe in the leuacyon of Crystis bo\u2223dy bytwene ye preestes hondes and I had ther\u00a6fore so grete Ioye that I myght not my laugh\u00a6ter withholde. \u00b6And the erle Leueryk besyde hym stode at the leuacyon / and openly sawe ye fourme of brede torne in the lykenesse of a yon\u00a6ge chylde / and tooke vp hys ryght honde and blessyd the kynge and after the erle and the er\u2223le anone torned hym to ward ye ky\u0304ge for to ma\u00a6ke hym see ye hooly syght. And to saide yeKing Sir Earl said, \"I see well that you see, may God be thanked that I have honored my God, my savior Jesus Christ, in the form of man, whose name He blessed in all worlds. This noble man, St. Edward, reigned for thirteen years. And it happened once that he died. At that time, two men of England were going to the holy land and had completed their pilgrimage. They were going back to their own country from which they had come. As they went on their way, they met a pilgrimage and courteously greeted them and asked in what land and what country they were born. They replied, \"England.\" He who was the king of that pilgrimage asked them, and they answered, \"The good King Edward.\"\n\nFair friends said the pilgrimage, \"When you come back into your countries again, I pray you to go to King Edward and often greet him in my name and often thank him for his great courtesy towards me, especially for the ring that you have given me when he had heard mass at Westminster.\"Saint John the Evangelist gave the gospel to the pilgrims and said, \"Take this ring and give it to King Edward. Tell him I send it and a rich gift I will give him. On the tenth day, he shall come to me and dwell in blessings without end. Sir, what may I call you and in what country do you dwell? Fair friends replied, \"I am John the Evangelist, and I dwell with Almighty God. Your king Edward is my friend, and I love him especially because he has always lived in purity and is a pure maiden. When John the Evangelist had charged them thus suddenly, he disappeared from their sight. The pilgrims, however, thanked Almighty God and went on their way. They had walked two or three miles when they began to feel weary and sat down to rest. One of them woke up after a good sleep.His head turned around and said to his fellow, \"Arise and walk in our way. What said that one fellow to that other?\" That other replied, \"It seems to me that this is not the same country where we laid ourselves down to rest and sleep. For we were three miles from Jerusalem. They took up their hands and blessed them and went on their way. As they went on their way, they saw sheep. The shepherd spoke no other language but English.\n\n\"Good friends,\" said one of the pilgrims, \"what country is this, and who is its lord?\"\n\nOne of the shepherds answered and said, \"This is the country of Kent in England, of which the good king Edward is lord.\"\n\nThe pilgrims, ending their journey as Saint John had charged them, took the ring to King Edward.\n\nAnd it happened on Christmas Eve, as the holy man Edward was at God's service for the high solemn feast. He became filled with joy and in the:Morowe endured much pain after mass and was then taken to his chamber to rest. However, he could not come among his barons and knights in the hall to comfort and cheer them up as he was accustomed to do at the worthy feast. Therefore, all their joy and comfort in the hall was turned into care and sorrow, as they feared losing the good lord, the king.\n\nOn St. John's Day, the evangelist came next. The king received his rights from the holy church as it is befitting for every Christian man and remained in the mercy and will of God. The two pilgrims were allowed to come before him and he gave them rich gifts and dedicated them to God. The abbot of Westminster was also allowed to come before him and took the ring in the honor of God and St. Mary and St. John the Evangelist. The abbot took it and placed it among other relics, and it remains at Westminster and shall be there as long as the king is ill.The twelfth century. And though Edward the good king died at Wareham / and there he lies. For whose love God has shown many a fair miracle.\nAnd this was in the year of the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ M.lxv. And after he was translated and placed in the shrine by the noble martyr St. Thomas of Canterbury.\n\nVictor II was pope after Leo. Little is written about him.\n\nHenry II was emperor after the first Henry, in the seventeenth year. This man was a cousin to Conrad. He was born in the wood, and twice taken as a child to be slain, but God defended him always. When he was made emperor, he built many monasteries in the same place in the wood where he was born. This was a victorious deed. He entered Italy / and there he took Padolphus, the prince of Campania.\n\nStephanus IX was pope after Victor II, for nine months.\n\nBenedictus succeeded him / and took the dignity of the pope Stephanus by force and kept it for nine months / and then died.\n\nHenry IIIEmperor after Henry II: This Henry was an inquisitive man and troubled Holy man Gregory VII on several occasions. He first asked for forgiveness and was granted it, but soon brought another pope against him, claiming the latter was a heretic. Gregory cursed him. The electors of the Emperor, the Duke of Bavaria, were to be Emperor, whom Henry defeated in battle. He then came to Rome with his pope and pursued Pope Gregory and the Cardinals as well.\n\nAnother Robert, King of Naples, drove him out and delivered the pope and Cardinals. Nevertheless, he was a man of great alms-giving. He fought in three battles and at last died wretchedly, as he had done to others, for he was put to death by his own son.\n\nNicholas II was pope for two years after Benedict II. This Nicholas called a council against the Archdeacon of Turin, who was a heretic and taught against the faith.For he erred in the sacrament, and after he was converted, he was a holy man but he could never convert his disciples. Nota. Alexander the second was pope after him for twelve years; this Alexander was a holy man. He ordained it under pain of cursing that no man should hear mass from a priest who was known to have a mistress. (Ut psz. xxxii. per hoc) He had struggled with one Codulo, but he expelled him as a usurper and put him out as a simoniac.\n\nAs St. Edward was gone out of this world and was worthily entered as to such a great lord, the barons of the land would have had Edward the Elder, St. Edmund Ironsides' son, be king immediately. But Harold, through Earl Godwin and the strength of his father Godwin, and through other great lords of the realm, it was seized for him and all England was in his hands. He let himself be crowned king immediately after the interment of Edward.This is the second son of Saint Edward, named Godewin. In the year before Saint Edward's death, he wished to travel to Flanders. However, he was driven off course by a tempest and ended up in the forest of Ponthouse. There, he was captured and brought before Duke William. This Godewin believed that Duke William would seek revenge against him because his father, Earl Godwin, had previously imprisoned Alured, who was Saint Edward's brother and the queen's son, and because Richard, Duke of Normandy, was an ally to Duke William. However, when Duke William had Godewin in custody and under his power, he did not harm him because Godewin was a noble and worthy knight, and because his father and he had been reconciled with King Edward. All matters between them were discussed and arranged. Godewin, by his own will, swore an oath on a book and on the oath he had made before with Duke William, which is why he was greatly respected.Duke William was angry with him and swore to avenge himself against whatever might befall him. And at once, Duke William summoned a great host and came into England to avenge this battle. And this battle was fought. Harold became so proud and would not share with his people the things he had gained, but held them all for himself. Therefore, most of his people were angry with him and departed from him, so that only his soldiers remained with him. And on a certain day, as he sat at a meeting, a messenger came to him and said that William the Bastard, Duke of Normandy, had arrived in England with a great host and had taken all the land around Hastings and also besieged the castle. When the king had heard this news, he went there with a small force as quickly as he could, for few people went with him. And when he had arrived there, he ordered battle against Duke William. But the duke asked him for three things: whether he would give his daughter to him in marriage.as he made and swore an oath or that he would hold the land in fealty, or he would determine this thing in battle. This Harold was a proud man and strong, and trusted greatly in his strength, and fought with Duke William and his people. But Harold and his men in this battle were disconcerted, and himself was slain. This battle ended at Tilbury in the second year of his reign, on the feast day of St. Calixtus, and so he was buried at Waltham.\n\nKing William of England, in Normandy, and no man warned him, and he lay there for no long time. And the king of France said on a day in scorn of King William, \"He lies long in childbed in Rome.\" And this word reached King William of England that he lay in Normandy at Rome. And for this word was he greatly provoked, and by God he swore that whenever he was raised from his sickness, he would light a thousand.The king of France was informed and immediately summoned a great host of Normans and English men. At the beginning of the Harvest, he entered France and burned all the towns they passed through in the forest, robbed and caused all the sorrow he could throughout France. In the end, he burned the city of Mandos and commanded his people to gather wood and burn as much as they could. He helped them with good will. There was great heat, both from the fire which was so intense and from the sun which was extremely hot, that it suffocated him and he fell into a severe illness and disease. When he saw that he was so seriously ill, he designated Robert Curthose, his son, as ruler of Normandy, and William the Rous as ruler of England, and bequeathed all his treasures to Henry Beaclerke. Having done this, he received all the sacraments of the holy church and died 20 years into his reign. He lies at Cante.Pope Gregory VII ordered in a general Synod that no priest should have a wife or live with women, except those permitted by the holy Synod of Micena and other decrees. He set little value on or barely recognized his own ordinance. This pope commanded that no man should hear Mass from a priest who had a concubine. At a certain time when he was Cardinal and Legate in France, he acted harshly against prelates who were accused of simony. Among others was a bishop there who was famed for simony. Those who accused him privately urged the Legate to act against him. The Legate concealed this and called a council at Clermont in front of the king of France. He ordained that matins of Our Lady should be said every day and on Saturdays her solemn Mass. It is said that this was shown to the Carthusian monks. Additionally, he called another council at Tours.For the Holy Land to be won and urged the people towards that matter. And within a little time after that matter, the Holy Land was recovered, and the sepulcher of our Lord, and Antioch with many other cities taken from the Saracens. It is said and believed that 100,000 Christian men went on this journey. Among them were old and young, rich and poor, and no one was compelled to go. This passage was made by the vision of our Lady. The princes of this people were diverse. One was Godfroy de Bouillon, a very noble man of the world and a virtuous man, and another was Bohemond, Duke of Naples. The third was Hugh, the king's brother of France, and many others, who did nobly for the faith of God.\n\nAnd it were too long in this book to recount their glorious acts.\n\nKing William Rufus, William the Bastard's son, destroyed towns and houses of Reilly for making a new forest.\n\nAnd this William was a.A contrarywise man spoke to God and the holy church, urging Amade to rebuild the town of Cardies, which the Paynims had destroyed. This king, William, had destroyed the church and their possessions wherever he found them. There was much debate between him and the Archbishop of Canterbury, Anselm. The king was angry with him because he reproved him for his wickedness in destroying the church. As a result, the king exiled him from the land, and the Archbishop went to the court of Rome and lived with the pope. This king created the New Forest and destroyed 26 towns and 80 houses of Religion, all to make his forest larger and broader. He became very joyful and proud of his wood and forest. The longer he lived, the more wicked he became towards God and man.The king allowed the construction of the great hall at Westminster. On a day, he held his first feast there, and he looked around and said that the hall was too small by half. In the end, he became so contrary that anything that pleased God displeased him, and anything God loved, he hated fiercely.\n\nIt came to pass that he dreamed one night that he was about to die, that he bled a great quantity of blood, and a stream of blood rose up to the height of a hundred fathoms and the clarity of the day was turned into night, and the darkness of the firmament also.\n\nWhen he awoke, he was filled with great fear and did not know what to do. He told his counselors of his dream and said that he had great fear, supposing that some mischance was coming to him.\n\nThe second night, a monk dreamed that the king went into a church with many people.He was so proud that he despised all the people who were with him and took the image of the Crucifix and shamefully bit it with his teeth. The Crucifix meekly suffered all that he did. But only if he had not gone that day for any reason or come into the wood, he remained at home before the meal. But only if he had not eaten, no man could stop him. But he would go alone to the wood to have his dispute.\n\nAnd so it happened that one of his knights, named Walter Tyrell, wanted to shoot an arrow. And through misfortune, his arrow struck a branch and, through misfortune, hit the king in the heart. And so he fell down dead without speaking a word and ended his days. And it was no marvel, for on the day he died, he had allowed the Archbishop of Canterbury and Abbottes to leave, and he caused great destruction to the church through unjust taking and demanding, for no man dared to oppose what he wanted to do. And of his lewdnesses, he would never.With draw another to amend his life. And therefore God would not suffer him to reign in his wickedness any longer. He had been king for thirteen years and six weeks, and lay at Westminster.\n\nPaschal was pope after Urbanus for eighteen years and five months, the which you call the thirteen year fourth Emperor, and they could not be delivered until the pope had sworn that he would keep peace with him, and that he would never curse him. And on this promise, the pope gave the emperor a privilege, and the year after the pope damned that privilege, and said in this way: Let us comprehend all holy scripture, the old testament and the new, the laws of the prophecies, the gospels, and the canons of the apostles, and all the decrees of the popes of Rome, that all they held I hold, and that which they condemned, that same privilege.\n\nAnd when William Rous was dead, Henry Beauclerk, his brother, was made king because William Rous had no child begotten on his body. And this Henry Beauclerk was crowned king at London the fourth day after that.His brother had died on the fifth day of August. Upon hearing this news, Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was at the court of Rome, returned to England. King Henry, upon his first year of reigning and being crowned, married Maude, Margaret's daughter, the queen of Scotland. Ancelmus, Archbishop of Canterbury, performed the wedding ceremony. King Henry had two sons and a daughter with Maude: William and Richard, and Maude. Maude later became the Empress of the Holy Roman Empire.\n\nIn the second year of his reign, his brother Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy, arrived in England with a large army to challenge the land. However, through the counsel of wise men of the land, they were reconciled in this manner: the king would give his brother the duke a thousand pounds every year. The one who lived longest would be the other's heir.And between them should be no debate or strife. After they came to an agreement, the duke returned home to Normandy. And when the king had reigned for four years, a great debate arose between him and Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury. The archbishop refused to grant the king the appointment of churches at his will. In response, Archbishop Anselm went overseas to the Roman court and lived with the pope. In the same year, the duke of Normandy came to England to speak with his brother. Besides other matters, the duke gave the king's brother, the aforementioned thousand pounds per year that should be paid to the duke. And with goodwill, the king and the duke parted ways. Two years later, through the instigation of the devil and simple me, a great debate arose between the king and the duke, which was resolved through counsel.The king went over the sea to Normandy, and when the king of England was come in to Normandy, all the great lords of Normandy turned against their own lord and forsook him, holding instead to the king of England. The duke was taken and brought with the king into England. The king had the duke put in prison, and this was the king's vengeance. For when the duke was in the holy land, God granted him such might and grace that he was chosen to be king of Jerusalem, but he refused it and would not take it upon himself. Therefore, God sent him shame and disgrace to put in the prison of his brother. King Henry seized all Normandy into his hand and held it all his life time. In the same year, Bishop Anselm came to England from the court of Rome. The king and he were reconciled. In the following year, a great conflict began.There was a dispute between King Philip of France and King Henry of England, leading to war between them. After King Philip's death, King Henry went into Normandy and married Maude, his daughter, to the Holy Roman Emperor Henry.\n\nSeventeen years into King Henry's reign, a great dispute arose between King Louis of France and King Henry of England. This was due to the fact that King Henry had sent men to Normandy to help the Earl of Blois in his war against the King of France. King Henry was greatly angered when he learned that these men were ready to heed the call of the King of England instead. This occurred on St. Catherine's Day, and the following names were among those who were drowned: William and Richard, the kings' sons; Ottonell, Geoffrey Ridell, Walter Emurci, Godefroy Archdeacon, and the Countess of Perche.kynges nece the countesse of Chestre / & many other. \u00b6Whan kynge Henry and other lor\u2223des arryued in Englonde / and herde these ty\u00a6dynges / they made sorowe ynough / And alle theyr myrthe and Ioye was torned in to mor\u2223nynge and sorowe.\nANd whan that two yere were agone yt the Erle had dwelled wyth the kynge / the erle went from the kyng / and bega\u0304 to war\u2223re vpon hym & dyd moche harme in the londe of Normandy / & toke there a stronge castell & there he dwelled all that yere. And tho came to hym tydynges yt Henry the Emperour of Al\u2223mayne yt had spowsed Maude hys doughter was deed / and that she dwelled no lenger in Al\u00a6mayne / & yt she wold come ayen in to Norman\u00a6dy to her fader And wha\u0304 that she was come vn\u00a6to hym / he toke her tho to hym & came ayen in to Englonde / & made the Englysshemen to do othe and feaute to the Empresse And the fyrste man that made the othe was wyllyam ye Arche\u00a6bysshop of Cau\u0304terbury And that other Dauid kyng of Scotlo\u0304de / and after hym all ye barons and erles of Englonde. \u00b6Also afterthat the noble man, Earl of Angouleme, a worthy knight, was sent to the King of England, it was granted and consented by the king that he should have his daughter to marry, that is, Maude, the Empress. And because the king knew that he was a noble man, he granted and consented to this. And he took his daughter and brought her to the noble knight Geoffroy, and there he married the aforementioned Maude with great honor, and the Earl asked for a son from her, who was called Henry, the Emperor's son.\n\nAnd after all this was done, King Henry dwelt all that year in Normandy. And after a long time, a grievous sickness took him, through which he died. Henry IV reigned for thirty-five years and four months, and he died as previously stated in Normandy. And his heart was entered into the great church of Our Lady in Rouen. And his body was brought with great honor into England and entered at Reading in the abbey, of which abbey he was the founder and beginner.\n\nHenry IVEmperor in Germany after Henry III for fifteen years. This man imprisoned and held his father until his death. He took Pope Paschal with his cardinals and presented them, as it is said before. For this reason, as it is supposed, he lacked issue. For he married the king's daughter of England, Maude. But later he came to grace, and all the church laws freely he resigned to Calixtus the pope. He begged him to grant him penance, that he might never return to his Empire, so that he might have remission of his transgressions. And after the death of many a man, he was willfully exiled and died, and his wife both in Chester in England.\n\nGelasius was pope after Paschal for two years. He fled from Henry the Emperor to Bourges and died there. This Emperor Benedict, a Spaniard, was made pope by him, with whom Calixtus struggled.\n\nCalistus was pope after him for two years and five months. This Calixtus was the son of the duke of Burgundy and was chosen in the church.place of Gelasius, when he was to come to Rome, he took the man called Benedictus and made him ride shamefully before him. For he turned his face to the mule's tail and held the tail in his hand as a bridle until he passed through the city, and there he was put in prison. And this pope made peace with the Emperor.\n\nHonorius was pope after him for two years, and little is written about him.\n\nNote.\n\nHarry the fourth Emperor of Germany died at this time and was buried with his progenitors, with such an epitaph (Here lies the son: here lies the father: here lies the grandfather).\n\nBut it is likely that Gerald, as stated in his Itinerary, is telling the truth. Therefore, he says that after he had imprisoned his carnal father and his spiritual father, the pope with his cardinals, he was reconciled and then exiled. He left Maude, the king's daughter of England, privately, and lived an hermit's life at Chester for ten years, where he might live unknown to anyone. And heGodyscallus, who is also known as Godyson, called himself that. The emperor secretly went away, and Maude, his wife, the empress, went to her father Henry in Normandy. After she was wedded to Geoffrey Plantagenet, the duke of Anjou, under whom Saint Thomas of Canterbury reigned and died, Lotharius was emperor after Henry IV for twelve years. Little is written about him, but he was mannerly towards the church, and he subdued Roger, the usurper of the king of Cycle. Hugo de Sancto Victore was a nobleman at Paris during this time, as well as a noble doctor, of the Saxon nation. The Order of Saint John Baptist began at Jerusalem during this time, through the efforts of the worthy man Raymond. Innocentius was pope after Honorius, for fourteen years and seven months. He was a very devout man, and he accompanied him with such men, and he had a struggle against Perys of Lyon, who named him.Anacletus took the papacy. Innocentius saw this and fled to Frauce with two galleys, where he was warmly received by Saint Bernarde, who at that time held all the kings and princes in his power. Bernarde urged them to bring Innocentius to trial again. In the end, all was settled, and Innocentius' enemies were destroyed through God's judgment. Anacletus was pope once more and lived profitably, and was buried at Latranence.\n\nAfter King Henry, his new sister's son, Stephen, Earl of Bolonya, came. Hearing news of his uncle's death, he crossed the sea and came to England with the counsel and strength of many great lords in England, opposing those who had made an oath to Maude, the Empress, to take the realm. The Archbishop William of Canterbury, who had first made the oath to Maude, placed the crown upon Stephen.Stephens heeded and heard him out. Bishop Roger of Salisbury supported the king as much as he could. In the first year that King Stephen ruled, he gathered a large army and went to war with the king of Scotland. But Stephen met him peacefully and they came to an agreement. Stephen did not make him any homage, as he had already done so with the Empress Matilda. In the fourth year of his reign, Matilda the Empress came to England and initiated negotiations between Stephen and herself. Matilda went to the city of Nicoll and Stephen besieged it for a long time but could not make progress, as the city was well defended. Remarkably, those within the city managed to escape without any harm. Stephen then took the city and stayed there until Candlemas. The barons who were with Matilda arrived, including Earl Radulf of Chester, Earl Robert of Gloucester, Hugh Bigot, and Robert of Morley.and they brought a strong power with them and fought with the king, and yielded him a great battle in which King Stephen was taken and set in prison in the castle of Bristol. Now, as the king was taken and brought into ward in the castle of Bristol, Maude, the Empress, was made lady of England, and all men held her as lady of the land, except those of Kent, who held with Queen Stephen and William of Prece and his retinue, and waged war against Maude. And immediately after King Scotland came to them with a huge number of people. They went together to Winchester, where the Empress was, and intended to take her. But the Earl of Gloucester came with his power and fought with them. And meanwhile, during the battle, the Empress escaped from them and went to Oxford and held herself there. And in that battle, the Earl of Gloucester was discomfited and taken, along with many other lords. And for his deliverance, King Stephen was delivered out of prison.And he was delivered out of prison, then went to Oxford and besieged the press that was there. The siege lasted from Michaelmas to Candlemas. And the Empress let them clothe her and Tamys from among her enemies. And after this, the king went to Wilton and intended to build a castle there. But the Earl of Gloucester came to him with a strong power, and almost took the king, but the king escaped with much difficulty. William Mare's good castle of Shirburn he had taken.\n\nAnd when this was done, the Earl Robert and all the king's enemies went to Farringdon and began to build a strong castle, but the king came there with a strong power and drove them away. In the same year, Earl Radulf of Chester was reconciled with the king and came to his court at his commandment. The Earl seemed reluctant to come, and the king ordered him taken and put in prison.to pry\u00a6son. And myght neuer for no thynge come out tyll that he had yelded vp to the kynge the cas\u2223tell of Nicholl / the whiche he had taken from the kynge with his strengthe in the .xv. yere of his regne. \u00b6And Gaufride the erle of Angoy\nyaue vp vnto Henry his sone all Normandy. And in the yere that nexte ensewed / deyed the erle Gaufryde. And Henry his sone tho ano\u0304e torned ayen to Angoy / & there was made erle wyt it was knowen and proued / that they were sybbe and nyghe of blood. And tho spowsed her Henry the Em\u00a6presse sone erle of Angoy and the duke of Nor\u00a6mandy / and duke of Gascoyne. \u00b6In ye .xviii yere of thys Stephen thys Henry came in to Englonde with a stronge power / & began for to warre vpon this kyng Setphen. & toke the castell of Malmesbury / & dyde moche harme. And the kynge Stephen had so moche warre that he wyst not whyther for to go. But at the laste they were accorded thrugh the Archebys\u00a6shop Theobaldus / & thrugh other worthy lor\u00a6des of Englonde / vpon this condycyon. that they sholdeDeparted the realm of England but they two, so that Henry the Empress soon should fully have the half of all the land of England. And thus they were accorded; peace was proclaimed throughout all England. When the accord was made between those two lords, King Stephen became so sorry, because he had lost half England, and fell into such a malady, and died in the 19th year, and 8 weeks and 5 days of his reign, all in war and in captivity. Clement II was pope after Innocent V for five months. And little he did. Lucius was after him and little profited, for they both died in a pestilence. Eugenius II was pope after him for five years and four months. This man was the disciple of St. Bernard and, after Abbot of St. Anastasius in Rome. He came to the church of St. Cyprian and was chosen pope by the Cardinales, he knowing nothing of it. And for fear of the Senators, he was consecrated without this city. This man was a holy man, &.Petrus Lombardus, Bishop of Paris and brother to Gracia, compiled the four books of the Sentence during this time. Petrus Comestor, brother to Gracia and to Pierre Lombard, wrote the Historia Scholastica and other books. Frederick I, after Conrad, was emperor in Germany and Rome in the 33rd year. This man, after the death of Adrian who had crowned him, acted treacherously towards him with Alexander, as he helped those who opposed the apostolic see. He waged war fiercely against the king of France. Through the power of the Danes and other nations, he caused much trouble to the pope. However, Richard, king of England, helped to expel him. In the end, after causing many vexations to the pope, he was recalled, as he feared lest.Lombardy wished to rebel against him; he asked for the people's favor. He took the cross upon himself and went to the Holy Land, performing many marvelous things there, almost as much as Charlemagne. And there, in a little town called Armenia, he was drowned, and at Tyrus he was buried. Anastasius became pope after Eugenius for four years and more. This man was abbot of Rufus and then chosen Cardinal, and later pope.\n\nAfter this king Stephen, Henry the Emperor's son, reigned, and was crowned by Archbishop Theobald on the seventeenth day before Christmas. In the same year, Thomas Becket of London, Archbishop of Canterbury, was made the king's Chancellor of England.\n\nThe second year of his reign, he ordered the demolition of all the new castles that had been built longing to the Crown, which King Stephen had given to various men and had made earls and barons to hold with him and help him against Henry the Emperor.And in the fourth year of his reign, he placed the king of Wales under his lordship. In the same year, the king of Scotland held in his own hand the city of Carlisle, the castle of Bamburgh, and the new castle on Tyne, as well as the earldom of Lancaster. In the same year, the king, with a great power, went into Wales, and had woods cut down and made roads, and strengthened the castle of Rutland, Basingwerk. Among the castles, he built a house of the Temple. In the same year, Richard, his son, was born, who later became earl of Oxford. In the fourth year of his reign, he made Gavrain earl of Brittany. In that year, he changed his money. In the sixth year of his reign, he led a great host to Toulouse and conquered it. In the seventh year of his reign, Theobald, the Archbishop of Canterbury, died, and almost all of the city of Canterbury was destroyed by misfortune. In the ninth year of his reign, Thomas Becket, who was his Chancellor, was chosen Archbishop.In the year of Saint Bernard's consecration, King Henry's daughter Eleanor was born. In the tenth year of his reign, Saint Edward the king was translated with great honor. In the eleventh year of his reign, he held his parliament at Northampton. Saint Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, fled from there due to the great dispute between the king and him. If he had been found on the morrow, he would have been killed, so he and three companions escaped on foot, and went over the sea to the pope in Rome. This was the principal cause, as the king intended to put clergymen to death for felonies without any trial by the holy church.\n\nIn the twelfth year of his reign, his son John was born. In the thirteenth year of his reign, Empress Maude, his daughter, died. In the fourteenth year of his reign, the Duke of Saxony married Maude, his daughter, and begat three sons upon her, who were named Henry.Othus. and. Wyllyam \u00b6And in the xv. yere of hys regne deyed the good Erle Ro\u2223bert of Glocestre / that founded the abbaye of Nonne of Eton. And in the same yere Mar\u00a6ke kynge of Ierusalem conquered Babylon \u00b6And the .xvi. yere of his regne / he lete crow\u00a6ne his sone Henry at westmestre\u00b7 & hym crow\u00a6ned Roger Archebysshop of yorke / i\u0304 harmyng of Tho\u0304as archebysshop of Cau\u0304terbury. wher\u00a6fore this same Roger was accusyd of ye pope.\nAFter the cornacyon of kynge Henry the sone of kyng Henry the Empresse lone. That same Henry thempresse sone wen\u00a6te ouer to Normandy & there he lete mary Ele\u00a6nore his doughter of the Dolphyn yt was kyn\u00a6ge of Almayne. And in the .vii. yepe that the Archebysshop saynt\u25aa Thomas had be\u0304 our law\u00a6ed / the kyng of Frau\u0304ce made the kyng & saynt Thomas accorded. And then\u0304e cam Thomas the Archebysshop to Chaunterbury aye\u0304 to his owne chyrche. & this accorde was made in the begynnyng of Aduente & afterwarde he was slayne & martred the fyfth daye of Crystmasse thenne folowynge. For kynge Henry thougheIn the year of the Incarnation of Jesus Christ, 1572. After Henry, the new king, began making war against his father Henry and his brother William and Ottos. And so, on a certain day, the king of France and all the greatest lords of England were raised against King Henry the Father. And, as God willed, he conquered all his enemies. The king of France and he were reconciled. And King Henry specifically requested of the king of France, and earnestly prayed that he would send him the names of those who had begun the war against him. The king of France sent back to him, by letters, the names of the following: John, his son; Richard, his brother; and Henry, his new son. Henry, the king, was greatly angered and cursed the time he had ever begotten him, and during the war he repeated his sins most sorrowfully. Henry, his new son, died, repeating his misdeeds.During King Henry II's reign, a great battle took place in the Holy Land between Christian men and Saracens. The Christian men were betrayed and slaughtered due to the treason of Earl Tyrpe, who desired to marry the Queen of Jerusalem, who was once Baldwin's wife. However, she left him for a knight named Sir Gawain, angering Earl Tyrpe. He then went to Babylon and became the Sudan's man, abandoning his Christianity and the Christian law. The Christian men were unaware of his actions and believed they would still receive help from him as they had in the past.\n\nWhen they arrived at the battlefield, this false Christian man defected to the Saracens.And forsake his own nation. And so were the Christian men there slain with the Saracens. And thus we are the Christian men slain and put to horrible death, and the city of Jerusalem destroyed, and the holy cross borne away. The king of France and all the great lords of the land let them cross to go to the holy land. Amongst them went Richard, king Henry's son, first after the king of France, who took the cross from the Archbishop of Tours. But he did not take the voyage at that time because he was hindered by other matters and necessities. And when King Henry his father had reigned for 36 years, 5 months, and 4 days, he died and lies at Fontenay-le-Comte.\nAdrian IV was pope after Anastasius V for 5 years. This pope was an Englishman, and the common people's voices say he was a bold man. And when he desired to be a monk there, he was expelled. He went over the sea and gave himself to study.Vertu then became bishop of Albanenses. After that, he was made legate in the land of Wormacian and converted it to the faith. He was then made pope and, due to the wounding of a cardinal, entered into a conflict with all of Rome. He cursed William the king of Cecile and forced him to submit. This man, the first of all popes, dwelt in the old city with his cardinals.\n\nAlexander III succeeded him after 12 years. This Alexander had a struggle lasting 17 years, and the four emperors who opposed him, he overcame and cursed, and they all died a bad death. This man also reconciled Frederick the Emperor and Emanuel of Constantinople, as well as the king of the secular world. He also nourished St. Thomas of Canterbury in his exile.\n\nNote.\n\nSt. Bernard was canonized by this Alexander, and his abbot told him he should do no miracles because there was such a great congregation of people. He obeyed him when he was dead and did no more.\n\nLutius III succeeded him.Pope Alexander IV ruled for four years and two months. Little is written about him. In his days, Henry the first son of Henry II died and was succeeded by Henry II. This is his epitaph: \"All honor, honor's decoration and ornament, splendor of military might, glory, light. Julius, in wit and virtues, Hector. Achilles in strength. Augustus in morals, Paris in eloquence. Urban III was pope for two years after Lucius. He died from sorrow upon hearing that Jerusalem had been taken by the Saracens. Gregory VIII was pope for four months after him, and he made great efforts to win back Jerusalem, but he died soon after. Clement III was pope for three years after him, and he did little.\n\nKing Henry then ruled, a steadfast, strong, and worthy man. He was crowned at Westminster by Archbishop Baldwin on the third day of September in the second year of his reign.\n\nIn the second year of his reign, King Richard himself and Archbishop Baldwin of Canterbury, as well as Hubert, bishop of, ruled.Salisbury and Radulf, Earl of Gloucester, and other many lords of England, went to the holy land. In this voyage, the Archbishop of Canterbury died. King Richard went before to the holy land and did not rest until he came forth on his way to Cyprus. He took it with great force. After that, King Richard went forth to ward the holy land and gained as much as the Christian men had lost there before. He conquered the land again through great might, saving only the holy cross. When King Richard came to the city of Acre to take it, there arose a great debate between him and the king of France. The king of France went away to France and was angry towards King Richard. Nevertheless, King Richard went away. He took the city of Acre. When he had taken it, he dwelt in the city a while. But tidings came to him that Earl John of Oxford, his brother, would seize all England into his hands, and Normancy as well.and wolde lette crowne hym kynge of all the londe. \u00b6And whan kynge Rycharde herde telle of these tydynge / he wente ayen to\u2223warde Englond with all the spede that he my\u2223ghte. But ye duke of Ostryche mette with hym and toke hym and brought hym vnto the Em\u00a6perour of Almayne / And the Emperour hym brought vnto pryson. And afterward he was delyuered for an Huge raunson / that is for to saye / an hundred thousande pounde. And for the whiche raunson to be paied / eche other cha\u00a6lyce of Englonde was molten and made in to moneye. And all the monkes of the ordre of Cy\u00a6steaux yaue alle theyr bookes thrugh oute all Englonde / for to doo them to selle / and the ra\u2223unson for to paye.\nSO as this kyng Rycharde was in pry\u2223son / the kynge of Fraunce warred vp\u00a6on hym strongly in Norma\u0304dye / and Iohn\u0304 his broder warred vpon hym in Englonde. But the bysshops and the baro\u0304s of Englonde with stode hym with all theyr power that they my\u2223ghte gete / & tooke the castell of wyndesore and other castelles. And the forsayde Iohn\u0304 sawe yt heHad no might or power against the barons of England to fight, but went immediately over the sea to the king of France. And when Richard came out of prison and was delivered and came to England, he went to Nottingham immediately after Candlemas, and the castle of Nottingham was yielded to him. There he discomfited his brother John and those who were with him. Afterward, he went to Windsor and there let himself be crowned king of England. And after he went to Normandy to wage war on the king of France. The king of France came with 600 knights to guard Gisors. And King Richard met him, and he would have given him battle. But the king of France fled, and 100 of his knights were taken, and 200 horses that were trapped with iron.\n\nAnd immediately after that, King Richard went to besiege the castle of Gaillarde, and all the people in the castle were taken, and the king did what he would with them. He commanded his men to:me: They should bring before him the man who had hurt and wounded me. And when he came before the king, the king asked him what his name was. He said, \"My name is Bertham Gurdon.\" The king said, \"Hasten and kill him, since he has never harmed me.\" \"Sir,\" he replied, \"though you have never harmed me, you yourself with your own hand killed my father and my brother. And therefore I have avenged their death now.\" The king said, \"He who died on the cross brought man's soul from the pain of hell. Forgive him my death, and I also forgive it him.\" He commanded that no one should harm him. But despite the king's protection, some of his men followed him privately and killed him. Six days after the king pardoned him and he showed deep repentance for his misdeeds, and he was housed and anointed. King Richard ruled for nine years and thirty weeks and died, lying beside his father at Fontevraud.\n\nHenry V was Emperor for eight years. This Henry was the son of Frederick, and he:Constantia, the king's daughter of Cecile, was wedded to him. He subdued all the kingdom of Apulia and drove out its inhabitants. Celestinus III was pope for almost three years after Clement. This man was crowned on a Thursday and the following day he crowned Henry as emperor. He built a palace at St. Peter's and died. Innocent III was pope for eight years and five months after him. This man was well-educated and wrote a book on the wretched condition of women's code. He established the Speculum Misse and made many constitutions. He condemned the book of John the Joachim which he had made against Master Peter Lombard, the author of the Sentences. This was the time when Emperor Henry died. The princes of Germany disagreed over who to choose, some choosing Otto and some choosing Philip, brother of Henry. Philip was falsely killed and Otto was crowned by Innocent III in France. However, this immediately led to conflict with the Romans, as they gave him no honorable reception.for that reason, Frederick took the kingdom of Apulia from the Pope, which caused the Pope to curse him. After the fourth year of his reign, the princes of Germany made Frederick Emperor, and he victoriously subdued Otto. William of Paris began the Order of the Friars Minor, also known as the Franciscans, during this time. An Italian man of great perfection and an example to many, Francis of Assisi performed many miracles. He also ordered the establishment of the Minor Friars.\n\nIn the sixth year of Pope Innocent III's reign, the Order of the Friars Preachers began under Dominic. However, it could not be confirmed until the first year of Honorius.\n\nWhen King Richard was dead, as he had no heir, either son or daughter, then his brother John was made king and crowned at Westminster by Hubert, who was Archbishop of Canterbury. When he began to reign, he became so remarkable, and went over into Normandy to wage war against the king of France.They waged war together until at last King John lost Normandy and Angouleme. He was greatly annoyed and it was no wonder. Though he assembled before him at London archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, barons, and held a great parliament, he asked the clergy for the tithe of every church in England to conquer and regain Normandy and Angouleme, which he had lost. They would not grant this, and he was very angry.\n\nAt the same time, Hubert died. The prior and the monks of Canterbury chose against the king's will to be Archbishop Stephen of Langton, a good clerk who lived at the court of Rome. They sent their election to the pope, and he confirmed it and consecrated him at Viterbo.\n\nWhen the king learned of these tidings, he was very angry and drove the prior and the monks from Canterbury and exiled them from England. He commanded that no letter or commandment coming from Rome should be received or obeyed in England.When these news reached the pope, he sent a letter to King John, urging him with good will and good heart to receive Stephen, the Archbishop of Canterbury, back into his church and allow his priors and monks to return to their dwellings. But the king would not grant it for any reason. In the end, the pope sent an authorization and instructed the bishops of England that if the king refused to receive the priors of Canterbury and their monks, they were to carry out a general interdict throughout England. The first of these bishops was William of London, the second was Eustace of Ely, the third was Walter of Winchester, and the fourth was Giles of Hertford. These four bishops pleaded with the king on their knees, begging him to comply with the pope's commandment. They showed him the bulls of the interdict, but for no prayer.And when the bishops saw this, they withdrew from the king. And in the morning after the Annunciation of our Lady, they pronounced the general entry throughout all England, so that the church doors were shut with keys and other fastings and with walls. And when the entry was pronounced, then the king began to wax out of measure and took into his hand all the possessions of the four bishops and of all the clergy throughout all England. The lord he took, and ordered men to keep it, so that the clergy might not have their living. Wherefore the bishops cursed all those who put or should meddle with the church's goods against their will.\n\nAnd when the king would not cease of his malice for no manner of thing. These four bishops aforementioned went over the sea and came to the bishop of Canterbury and told him all things. And the Archbishop to them said, that they should go.When Canterbury was reached, he was to come there to them, or else he would send certain persons in his stead to do as much as he could do himself. And when the bishops heard this, they turned back to England and came to Canterbury. The news reached the king that the bishops had returned to Canterbury, and since he could not come there at that time, he sent bishops Earls and abbots to create an accord with them. The king was to receive Archbishop Stephen and the prior and all the monks of Canterbury, promising never again to take anything from the church against their will. He was also to make full amends to those from whom he had taken anything. And the church was to have all its franchises back, as it had in St. Edward's time, the holy Confessor.\n\nOnce this form of accord was arranged, it was recorded in a document along with their seals.The four bishops brought one part of the indentures to the king, who sealed the other part. The bishops kept the other part with them to show to the king. When the king saw the form and understood, he was fully satisfied with all things they had arranged, except for the restoration of goods. He would not agree to this and sent word back to the four bishops to remove this point. The king came to Canterbury to speak with him there and sent his justices, Gilbert Peyteum and William de la Brener, to ensure his compliance. The bishop made an oath that he would never remove a single word of it, and though the archbishop went to Rome without any delay, this did not prevent the matter from being addressed.King John was angrier than ever before and ordered a proclamation throughout all England that all those who had church rents and went over the sea should return to England at a certain day or else lose their rents forever. He commanded every sheriff throughout England to inquire if any bishop, abbot, priory, or other cleric of the church received any command from the pope after that day. They were to bring the body and present it to him, and take into the king's hands all the lands of the church that had been granted to any man by the Archbishop or the prior of Canterbury, from the time of the Archbishop's election. He commanded that all the woods belonging to the Archbishop should be torn down and sold.\n\nIn the same year, the Irish men began to wage war on King John, and the king ordered him.King John intended to enter Irlington and imposed a heavy tax throughout England, amounting to 30,000 marks. He sent messages to the Cistercian monks to help him collect 6,000 marks in silver. The monks replied that they could not act without the approval of their chief abbot in Cistercian order. When King John returned from Ireland, he was so displeased with their response that they were unsure whether to remain or leave. He took reason from every house, totaling 9,000 and 400 marks, leaving them destitute and deprived of their lands throughout England. The abbot of Waverley was so frightened by the news that he abandoned the abbey and secretly traveled to the house of Cistercian. When the news reached the pope that the king had caused so much damage, he was enraged and sent legates to the king.These two were called Pandulf and Duraunt. They were to warn the king in the pope's name to cease his persecution against the holy church and make amends for the wrongs and transgressions he had committed against the Archbishop of Canterbury, the priory, the monks of Canterbury, and all the clergy of England. He was to restore all the seized goods against their will, or they would curse him. To accomplish this task, the pope gave them his letters in bullate form.\n\nThese two legates arrived in England and came to the king at Northampton, where he held his parliament. They courteously greeted him and said, \"Sir, we come from the pope of Rome for the peace of the holy church and the land. We first admonish you in the pope's name to make full restitution of the goods you have seized and taken from the holy church and the land. You must also make restitution to all the holy places.\"The king answered concerning the church, as touched upon the priory and its monks of Canterbury. I will do all that you have said, and whatever you order. But regarding the archbishop, I will tell you truthfully: he should leave his archbishopric, and the pope would pray for him, and possibly I would give him another bishopric in England on this condition. I will accept and receive him as archbishop in England, but if he stays, he shall never have such safe-conduct, but will be taken.\n\nPandulf spoke to the king, \"Sir, the holy church has never dismissed an archbishop without a reasonable cause. But it has always chastised princes for the obedience to God and the holy church.\"\n\nWhat now do you threaten me?\" said the king. \"No, we only tell you what is in your heart,\" replied Pandulf. \"And we will tell you what...\"is the pope's will. And thus it stands that you have been holy entered and cursed for the wrongs that you have done to the church and to the clergy. And because you dwell and remain in malice and wretchedness, and will not come out of it, nor amend yourselves, you should understand that this sentence is now upon you and holds steadfast and strong, and upon all those who have communed with you before this time, whether they be earls, barons, knights, or any other whatsoever they may be, we pardon them safely up to this day, and from this time forward, if their condition is what it may be, we curse them if they come with you and speak openly and specifically. We pardon clean, earls, barons, knights, and all others of their homages, services, and fealties, that they should do unto you. And this pardoning to confirm, we give plain power to the bishop of Winchester and the bishop of Norwich. And the.same power we grant to Scotlode, the bishop of Rochester and of Salisbury. And in Wales, we grant the same power to the bishop of St. David and of Llandaff & of St. Asse. Furthermore, we command through Christendom that all bishops beyond the sea curse those who aid or counsel you in any manner necessary that you have to do in any part of the world. We also absolve them by the authority of the pope and command them to fight with you as if he were an enemy to the holy church.\n\nThe king asked, \"What more can you do to me?\"\n\nPandulf answered, \"We tell you in the name of God that you shall never again inherit any land that you have, nor be crowned after this day. The king replied, \"By almighty God, I had known that you had come into my land to bring me such tidings. I would have prepared myself for a whole year.\"\n\nPandulf answered, \"We well knew at our first coming that you would be obedient.\"The god and the holy church have fulfilled the pope's commandment, and we have now shown you and pronounced the pope's will as we were charged. And just as you have said, if you had known the reason for our coming, you would have allowed us to ride all year. You could have also asked for a year's respite by the pope's leave. But since you could not prevent what death, we will not hold back from telling you the pope's entire message and will.\n\nThe king then commanded the sheriffs and bailiffs of Northampton, who were in his presence, to bring forth all prisoners that they might be put to death before Pandulf. For the king suspected that they would have bought pardons due to the impending death, and all that they had spoken before.\n\nWhen the prisoners were brought before the king, the king commanded some to be hanged, and some to be drawn and quartered, and some to have their eyes torn out.And among others, there was a clerk who had forged the king's money. The king commanded that he should be hanged and disemboweled. And when Pandulf heard this command of the king, he stirred up quickly and asked for a book and a candle. He wanted to curse the king and all those who would lay a hand on the clerk. And Pandulf himself went to seek a cross. The king followed him and delivered the clerk to him by the head, that he should do with him what he would. And thus the clerk was delivered and went thence.\n\nPandulf and Durant his companion returned from the king and came again to the pope in Rome. They told him that King John would not amend his ways. But nevertheless, the pope granted that priests might sing mass in suitable churches and consecrate the Lord's body and the Legate in all things in which he was accused. He should make full restitution.all of us from the holy church and religion, and the goods that he had taken against their will. And all the great lords of England swore on the book and by their holy dignity that if the king would not hold his oath, they said they would, by force, make him hold it. Then the king was taken to the court of Rome, and he gave up the realm of England and Ireland for him and for his heirs, forevermore, so that King John and his heirs should take the two realms from the hands of the pope and should every year pay a thousand marks of silver to the court of Rome. And then King John took the crown from his head and set it upon his knees. And these words he said in hearing of all the great lords of England: Here I resign up the crown and the realm of England into the hands of Pope Innocent III, the third, and put myself wholly in his mercy and in his ordinance. Then Pandulf received the crown of King John and kept it.\n\nTo all Christian people throughout all.The world dwelling. John, by the grace of God, King of England, greets you all. And it is known that since we have grieved and offended God and our mother, the Holy Church of Rome. And since we have need of the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ. And also we may nothing so worthy of the pope's subdeacon as we make lies, homage, as it were, in the pope's presence, and before him we shall do all manner of things above said. And to this we bind ourselves and all that comes after us, and our heirs forevermore, without any contrary saying to the pope. And also the vacant churches' ward we will confirm and ordain. And in token for this thing foreverlasting, we will confirm and order that our special rents of the aforesaid realms for all manner of customs that we should do for the aforesaid realms, that is to say, to Myghelmas and at Easter. That is to say, 700 marks for England, and 300 marks for Ireland, saving to us and to our heirs our justices and other franchises.other ryaltes belonging to the crown, and we will make these things firm and stable without end. To this obligation, we and our successors and heirs are bound, that if we or any of our heirs, through presumption, should fall in any point against any of the aforementioned things and be warned and will not rightfully amend it, he shall thenceforth lose the aforementioned realm forever. This is the charter of obligation and our warrant for evermore, firm and stable without any gain-saying. We shall, from this day forward, be true to God and to the mother of the holy church of Rome, and to Pope Innocent III, and to all who come after him. The realms of England and Ireland, we shall maintain truly in all manner of points against all manner of men by our power, with God's help.\n\nWhen this charter was made and sealed, the king received his crown from the hands of Pandulf and set one aside for the archbishop.Stephen / and to all his other clerkes and lewede men / that he had exyled out of thys londe / that they sholde come\nayen in to Englonde / and haue agayne theyr londes and allo theyr rentes. And that he wol\u00a6de make restytucyon of the goodes that he had taken of theyrs ayenst theyr wyll. \u00b6The kyn\u00a6ge hymself tho and Pandulf and erles and ba\u2223rons went unto wynchestre ayenst the Arche\u00a6bysshop Stephen. \u00b6And whan he was come the kynge wente ayenst hym and fell adowne to his feet / and thus to hym sayde. Fayre syre ye be welcome. And I crye you mercy by cau\u2223se that I haue trespassed ayenst you. \u00b6The Archebysshop toke hym vp tho in hys armes / and kyssyd hym curteysly oftentymes / and af\u2223ter ledde hym to ye doore of saynt Swythunes chyrche by the honde / and assoylled hym of the sentence / and hym reconsyled to god & to holy thyrche. And that was on saynt Margaretes daye. And the Archepysshop anone wente for to synge masse. And the kyng offred at the mas\u2223se a marke of golde. \u00b6And whan the masse was done / all theyWent received their lands without any gainsaying. And that day they made enough mirth and joy. But the entry wasn't released because the pope had set that the entry should not be done until the king had made full restitution of the goods he had taken from the holy church. And he himself was to do homage to the pope through a certain legate that he was to send to England.\n\nPandulf took leave of the king and the archbishop and went again to Rome. The archbishop also sent prelates of the church before him to Reding to treat and counsel how much, and what they should ask of the king for the restitution of the goods he had taken from them. They ordered and said that the king should give to the archbishop three thousand marks for the wrong the king had done to him. And also by process to other clerks fifteen thousand marks.\n\nNicholas bishop of Tusculum, Cardinal, [was there] at the same time.The penitentiary of Rome came to England through the pope's commandment on the fifth kalends of October and came to London on the fifth nonas of October. King John and all the kings who came after him were required to hold the realm of England and Ireland for God and the pope, paying to the pope annually as stated above.\n\nWhen King John had done his homage to the Legate, who showed him the pope's letter, he was to pay Juliana, Richard's wife, the third part of the land of England and Ireland that he had withheld since King Richard died.\n\nWhen King John heard this, he was greatly angered. For it could not be undone until he had made peace with Juliana, who had asked for it.\n\nIt happened that Juliana died immediately after Easter. And in this way, the king was released from that matter.\n\nBut then, at the feast of...Saint John, who came next after the pope's command, was first released throughout all England and beyond. He was called Romney Mede. And the king made them a charter of franchises, granting them whatever they asked for, in such a manner that they were. None but King Philip of France heard these tidings, and he formed an alliance between them through their common election. His son, Louis, king of France, was to go with them into England and drive out King John. And all who were present made homage to him and became his men. The Barons of England kept them still at London and received Louis, the king of France. And this was the next Saturday before the Ascension of our Lord, that Louis came into England with a strong power. At that time, John had taken all the castles of England into Alien's hands. And then Louis came and besieged Rochester castle and took it with strength. And on the Thursday, he took Rochester castle.Wytson week let hang all the Aliens that were there. And the Thursday next, he came to London, and there he was received with much honor from the lords who were there, and all made homage to him. And afterwards, on the Tuesday next after Trinity Sunday, he took the castle of Reigate. And on the morning after the castle of Guildford, and the Friday next after the castle of Farnham. And the Monday next after the city of Winchester was yielded to him, and the morning after St. John's day, the manor of Wu was his.\n\nAnd in the same time, the pope sent a Legate into England, who was called Swalo, and he was a priest Cardinal of Rome, to maintain King John's cause against the barons of England. But the barons had such a large part and help through Louis, the king's son of France, that King John knew not how much more loathsome was set before him on the table. And the monk said the word that I have spoken, it shall be true.\n\nThe monk who stood there.Before the king was deeply sorrowful in his heart, and thought he would rather suffer death and sought a remedy. The monk went to his abbot and confessed to him all that the king had said. He begged his abbot for absolution, as he intended to give the king a drink that would make all of England happy and joyful. The monk was led into a garden, where he found a large toad. He seized it and put it in a cup, piercing it through with a fork many times until the venom came out of every side in the cup. He filled the cup with good ale and brought it before the king, kneeling and saying, \"Sir, may it be yours, for every day of your life, to drink from such a cup.\"\n\n\"Begin, monk,\" said the king.\n\nThe monk took a large draught, and then gave the king the cup, and the king also took a large draught and set it down. The monk immediately stood up.King Walter entered the farm and died immediately. On his soul, God have mercy, Amen. Five monks sang specifically for his soul and shall while the abbey stands. The king rose up anon, full ill at ease, and commanded to remove the table. He asked after the monk. Men told him that he was dead, for his womb was broken in sundre. When the king heard this, he commanded to be carried out, but it was in vain, for his belly began to swell from the drink he had drunk, and within two days he died on the morrow after St. Luke's day. He had many fair children of his body begotten: Henry, his son who was king after John his father; Richard, Earl of Cornwall; Isabella, Empress of Rome; and Eleanor, queen of Scotland. King John, having reigned twenty-four years, five months, and five days, died in the castle of New Work. His body was buried at Winchester.\n\nFrederick the Second was Emperor for thirty years,\n\nThis man was crowned.Honorius, the pope, opposed Otto due to his intention to fight him and expelled him. First, Honorius nourished the church, but later dispersed it, behaving like a stepmother. For this reason, Honorius cursed him and those who opposed his papacy. This same sentence was renewed by Gregory IX. The same man put Henry, his own son, in prison and had him murdered. Therefore, when this emperor had another opportunity, he was murdered by another one of his sons during the time of Innocent IV.\n\nHonorius III was pope after Innocent X, and he confirmed the Order of Friars Preachers and Minors, and issued certain Decretals.\n\nAfter this, King John ruled, and his son Henry was crowned at Gloucester when he was nine years old on St. Simon's Day and the Ides of Swalo, the Legate of Rome, through the counsel of all the great lords who supported King John's father, that is, Earl Radulf of Chester and Earl William.Marshall, Earl of Penbroke, William Earl of Ferries, Serle the manly baron, and all other great lords of England held a council with Louis, the king's son of France. After King Henry was crowned, Swalo the Legate held his council at Bristol on St. Martin's feast day. There were eleven bishops of England and Wales, and a great number of other prelates of the holy church, earls, barons, and many knights of England. All those present at the council swore fealty to Henry, the king's son.\n\nImmediately after the Legate entered Wales because they were with the barons of England. Also, all those who gave any counsel to make war against the new king Henry were cursed by him. At the beginning, he imposed the sentence on the king's son of France, Louis. Nevertheless, the same Louis would not spare, but took the castle of Barhamsted and also the castle of Herstford, Frenchmen who were with King Louis.The great lords and all the common people of England ordered their preparation to drive Lowys and his company out of England, but some of the barons and Frenchmen had gone to the city of Nichols and took the town, holding it to King Louis' advantage. However, King Henry's men arrived with a great power, including Earl Radulf of Chester, Earl William Marsh, Earl William of Ferriers, and many other lords, and engaged in battle with Lowys' men. The Earl of Perche's death was reported, and Lowys' men were badly defeated. Earl Serle of Winchester, Humfroyde, Bonet Earl of Hertford, and Robert, son of Walter, among others, who had begun the war against the king, were taken there and led before King Henry, who was John's son.\n\nWhen the news reached Lowys, it was the king's son of France who had inflicted the defeat. He withdrew then and went to London, ordering the gates of the city to be shut fast. Another time after the king.sent to the Burgesses of London that they should yield them to him and the city also. He would grant them all their franchises that they were accustomed to have before, and confirm them by his great new charter under his broad seal.\n\nAt the same time, a great lord named Eustace the Monk came out of France with a great company of lords, intending to come to England to help Louis, the king's son of France. But Hubert of Burgh and the five poor earls prevented this. When Louis heard of these preparations, he feared greatly for his life and death. He arranged a truce between King Henry and himself. Louis was then pardoned by the Pope's legate, who was called Swalo of the sentence he was in, and the Barons of England also. After this, King Henry, Swalo the Legate, and Louis went to Merton, where the peace was confirmed, and between them arrangements were made. Afterward, Louis went from there to London to take leave and was brought with great honor to the sea.The archbishop of Canterbury and other bishops, earls, and barons went to France. Afterwards, the king and the archbishop, along with earls and barons, assembled at London during Michaelmas and held a great parliament there. They reviewed all the concessions King John had granted at Runnymede and King Henry confirmed them with his charter, which are still observed throughout England. In the same year, the king took two shillings from every plow load. Hubert of Burgh was made chief justice of England. This was in the fourth year of King Henry's reign. In the same year, St. Thomas of Canterbury was translated one year after his martyrdom. It was ordered by all the lords of England that all Aliens should leave England and not return. King Henry took all the castles into his possession. King John had given them.Take it to Alyens to keep it with him. But the proud Fawkes of Britain richly let arrange his castle of Bedford, which he had received from King John's gift, and held it against King Henry's will with might and strength. And the king came there with a strong power and besieged the castle. And Archbishop Master Stephen of Langton came to the king with a fair company of knights to help. And from the Ascension of our lord until the Assumption of our lady, the siege lasted. And the castle was won and taken. And the king had all those who went into the castle with good will hanged. That is to say, 80 men. And afterwards, Fawkes himself was found and taken in a church at Conters and there he swore off England with great shame and went back to his own country. And while King Henry reigned, Edmond of Abingdon, his daughter in England, who was called Ellenore, he wished to marry.And though she came into England after Christmas. And on the morrow after St. Hilary's day, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Edmond, married them together at Westminster with great solemnity. And there was a sweet sight between them. That is to say, Edward, who was next king after his father, flower of courtesy and generosity, and Margaret, who was after the queen of Scotland, and Beatrice, who was after the countess of Britain, and Katherine, who died a maiden in religion.\n\nAnd it came to pass that the lords of England desired some additional clauses in the charter of France that they had from the king, and they spoke between them. And the king granted them all their requests. And he made for them two charters; one is called the great charter of France, and the other is called the charter of the forest. And for the granting of these two charters, prelates, earls, and barons, and all the commons of England, gave to the king a thousand marks of silver.\n\nWhen King Henry had been king for 43 years, the same year he and his [...]lords/Earls and barons of the realm went to Oxford and ordained a law in amendment of the realm. And first, the king swore to himself, and afterwards all the lords of the land, that they would hold that statute forever, and whoever broke it would be punished. But the second year after that ordinance, the king, through the counsel of Edward his son and Richard his brother, Earl of Cornwall, and also of others, repented himself of that oath that he made to hold that law and ordinance. And he sent to the Roman court to be absolved of that oath. And in the next year coming after, there was a great scarcity of corn in England. A quarter of wheat was worth twenty-four shillings. And the poor people ate nettles and other weeds for hunger. And many thousands died for lack of food.\n\nIn the 48th year of King Henry's reign, war and debate began between him and his lords because he had broken the covenants that were made between them at Oxford.same yere was the towne of Northamton taken / & folke slayne that were wythin / For by cause that they had ordeyned wylde fyre for to bren\u2223ne the cyte of London. \u00b6And in the monethe of Maye that the next after / vpon saynt Pan\u2223cras daye / was the Batayll of lewes / that is to saye / the wenesday before Saynt Du\u0304stans daye. And there was taken kynge Henry hym self / and syr Edwarde his sone / and Rychar\u2223de his broder erle of Cornewaylle / and many other lordes. And in the same yere nextse wyn\u2223ge syr Edwarde the kynges sone brake out of the warde of syre Symonde of Mountforth / erle of Leycetre at Hertforde / and wente vn\u2223to the barons of the Marche / and they rceey\u2223ued hym with moche honour. \u00b6And the same tyme Gylbert of Claraunce erle of Glocetre that was in the warde also of the forsayd Sy\u00a6mon de thorugh the commau\u0304dement of kynge Henry / that wente fro hym wyth grete herte / for cause that he sayd / that ye forsayd Gylbert was a foole / and helde hym with kynge Henry \u00b6And on the Saterdaye nexte after themy desires of August, Sir Edward the king's son discomfited Sir Symond de Mounford of Kelyngworth. But the great lords who were there with him were taken - that is, Baldwin Wake, William de Mouchton, and many other great lords. And the battle next after was fought at Evesham. And there Sir Symond de Mounford was slain. Hugh Spencer and Montfort, who was Rafle Bassett's father of Drayton, and other many great lords were also slain. And when this battle was done, all the gentlemen who had been with Earl Symond were dispersed.\n\nThe next year, coming in May, the fourth day before the feast of St. Dunstan, was the battle and discomfiture of Chesterfield, of those who were dispersed. And Robert Earl of Ferers was taken there, and also Baldwin Wake, and Iohan dela Hay, with many more who escaped with great sorrow. And one St. John the Baptist began the siege of Kenilworth castle, which lasted until St. Thomas' Eve.The apostle surrendered the castle to the king in this way: he and those within the castle were to keep the castle, and in return, they would receive their lives and limbs, as well as their horses and horses' provisions, and a four-day reprieve, to deliver the castle and all other things within it cleanly. And Sir Simon Nottingham and the countess his mother went to France, and there they were held as people banished from England forever.\n\nSoon after, it was decreed by Legate Octavian and other great lords of England that all those who had been against the king and disinherited, should have their lands back due to grave reasons. And thus they were reconciled with the king, and throughout all England, the people cried out, and thus the war ended. And when it was completed, the Legate took his leave of the king.King and the queen, and the great lords of England, went to Rome in the 5th year of King Henry's reign. And of this Henry, Merlin prophesied and said that a lamb would come out of Winchester in the year of the Incarnation of our Lord 1516, with true lips and holiness written in his heart. And he spoke truly, for the good King Henry was born in Winchester in the aforementioned year, and he spoke good words and sweetly, and was a holy man and of good conscience. And Merlin said, this Henry would create the fairest place of the word, which in his time would not be fully completed, and he spoke truly. For he founded the new work of St. Peter's church at Westminster, which is fairer of sight than any other place that any man knows throughout Christendom. But King Henry died before the work was fully completed, and that was a great shame.\n\nAnd yet Merlin said, this lamb should have peace the most part of his reign, and he spoke truly. For he was never troubled.Through war, neither diseased in any manner before his death, and Merlin said in his prophecy that more would follow in the reign and end of the aforementioned lamb. A wolf from a strange land shall do him much harm through his war, and that he should, at last, be master through the help of a red fox that would come from the northwest and overcome him. And he should drive him out of the water, and the prophecy was well known. For within a little time or the king died, Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, was born in France. He began strong war against him, through which doing, many a good bachelor was destroyed and died, and disinherited. And when the king's sickness and disease that they had for his love, and Merlin also said in his prophecy that after that time, the lame should live no while, and then his seed should be in a strange land without any pasture, and he spoke truly, for King Henry lived no while after Simon de Montfort was slain.King Henry did not die immediately after him. In the meantime, Edward, his best son and finest king of the world, was in the Holy Land. There, he begot his daughter Joan of Acres upon Dame Eleanor his wife. She later became Countess of Gloucester and made such a reputation in the Holy Land that the whole world spoke of her knighthood. Every man feared and revered her throughout Christendom, as the story relates more openly later. From the time King Henry died until Edward was crowned king, all the great lords of England were like fatherless children without any support to maintain and govern themselves, let alone defend against their deadly enemies.\n\nGregory IX was pope after Honorius. This man canonized many saints and defended the church vigorously against Frederick. Therefore, he took many prelates and two cardinals with him to counsel against him.Pope was seated in the city of Rome by the Emperor, and he saw that the Romans were corrupt due to the Emperor's money. Then he took in hand the heads of the apostles Peter and Paul and led a procession from the church of San Giovanni Lateran to San Pietro. And so he won over the hearts of the Romans, and the Emperor departed from the city. This pope had Frater Ioannes compile the five books of Decretales from many canons and decrees. And after enduring many trials of captivity and others, he died and went to heaven.\n\nCelestine IV was pope after Gregory for almost a month, and he was in his life and in his reign laudable. He was an old and feeble man and died, and there was no pope after him for almost twelve months.\n\nInnocent IV was pope after him for almost eleven years and six months, this man canonized many saints, and Frederick II, the Emperor, he deposed as an enemy of God in the third year that he was made pope, and he was helped.by the Ianuensis. Then Henry the sixth was chosen and William, against Frederick, by the pope's commandment. But they were unable to overcome his tyranny; for he was overpowering. Neither were they crowned, for they both died immediately. Thomas de Aquino, an holy doctor Albertus Magnus, the bishop of Ratisbon, Euostasius, Bonaventure, a devout doctor, were present at this time. They destroyed much heresy instigated by the Emperor.\n\nAlexander was pope for eight years after Innocentius. Little is written about him.\n\nUrban was pope for three years and three months after him. This man drove away the host of the Saracens with a cross-marked army, which Maurice had sent against the Church. The pope took the kingdom of Cycle for the king's brother of France, so that he would fight against Maurice. And Maurice afterwards lost his life and his kingdom at the hands of Charles.\n\nAlphonso, the king of Castile, Richard's brother, the earl of Cornwall, were also present.After the long vacancy of the Empire, the electors were divided, and there was great strife for many years. At last, Richard and Alphonsus came forward before Gregory the IX, signifying that the enemies of the Church should perish like smoke. And it is believed that God put an end to the Church's troubles through his merits. This man, who had been a husband and father before, was a priest and bishop, and was sent to England as pope, not knowing this. After his death, he was blessed for his virtuous living.\n\nGregory X ruled for four years after him, intending to visit the Holy Land in person. He forbade anyone from assigning his tithes to any church beforehand, but they should be paid to his mother church. He condemned the plurality of benefices and died a blessed man.\n\nInnocent V succeeded him.Adrian was crucified after him for the holy land. Temperlyall's blessing he had not, but the pope allowed the election in favor of the holy land: Marius IV was pope after Nicholas III for four years. This man was a great lover of religious men and attended to virtuous works. This man cursed the Emperor of Constantinople, as he promised to turn to the faith in the general council and did not, for which he suffered many passions and all holy church. He also cursed the king of Aragon, as he expelled the king of Cyprus from his kingdom. And after he had done many battles against men of heresy and suffered many tribulations, he deceased and did many miracles.\n\nNicholas of Cusa was a noble doctor of divinity at this time in Paris. This man was a Jew by nation, and he was converted and greatly profited in the order of the Friars Minors. He wrote over the entire Bible. Grelles was born in the year of our Lord 1330, and some men say he was born earlier.A man named Nicholas visited the Jewish school and learned their language or was informed about the Jews in his youth. Honorius was pope for two years after Martin, little is written about him, but he was a temperate and discreet man. Nicholas the Fourth was pope for four years after Honorius. He was a Minorite friar, and although he was a good man in himself, many unfortunate events occurred during his time for the church. Many battles took place in the city due to his actions. After him, there was no pope for two years and six months.\n\nKing Henry's son, Edward the Earl-Godwinson, who was renowned as the worthiest knight in the world for God's grace, succeeded him. Edward had victories over his enemies, and as soon as his father died, he came to London with a noble company of prelates, earls, and barons. In every place, Sir Edward rode.in London, the streets were covered over his head with tapestry and other rich coverings. And for the joy of his coming, the burgesses of the City cast out at their windowses gold and silver hands full, in token of love and worship, service and reverence. And out of the conduit of Chepe ran white wine and read, as streams both of water, and every man drank thereof at their own will. And this King Edward was crowned and anointed as rightfully king of England with much honor. And after mass, the king went to his place to hold a royal feast among those who did him honor. And when he was set to meet, King Alexander of Scotland came to do him honor and reverence, with a quick might, them catching them still without any challenge. And when all this was done, King Edward did his diligence and his might to amend and redress the wrongs in the best manner that he could, to the honor of God and holy church, and to maintain his honor, and to amend the wrongs.The nobles of the common people. After Edward the king's election, Prince Lewis of Wales was sent to France to the earl of Morton, who, through the counsel of his friends, intended to marry his daughter. The earl, however, persuaded Lewis, and sent his brother Aimer after the damsel. Lewis prepared ships for his daughter and for Sir Aimer, and for her fair company that was to accompany her. However, Lewis committed a great wrong, as it had been agreed that he would give his daughter to no man without the counsel and consent of King Edward.\n\nAnd so it happened that a Burgess of Bristol came out to sea with wine loaded. He encountered them and took them with might and power. Immediately, the Burgess sent them to the king. When Lewis heard this news, he was very angry and also sorrowful, and began to wage war on King Edward, causing much harm to Englishmen, and subdued the kings.castles and began to destroy King Edward's land. And what news came to the king concerning this matter, he went into Wales and, through God's grace and great power, drove Lewis into great misfortune. He fled from all strength and came and surrendered himself to King Edward. And gave him a mark of silver as a pledge for peace. He took the damsel and all his heritage. And made an obligation to King Edward to come to his parliament twice in a year. And in the second year after King Edward was crowned, he held a general parliament at Westminster, and there he made the statutes due to the lack of law by the common assent of all his barons. And at Easter next, the king sent by his letter to Lewis, Prince of Wales, that he should come to his parliament for his land and for holding Wales, as the strength of his letter testified. Though Lewis had scorned and despised the king's commandment, and for pure wrath began war again.King Edward heard that Lewelyn had taken his land and destroyed it. Enraged, Edward assembled his people and went to war against Wales. He fought against Lewelyn until the prince was brought low by sorrow and illness. Realizing his defense could not save him, Lewelyn surrendered and begged for mercy. The king showed pity and commanded him to rise. For Lewelyn's humility, Edward forgave his anger and said that if he transgressed against him again, he would destroy him forever. At that time, David, Lewelyn's brother, lived with King Edward. He was a fell and subtle man, full of envy, and cast far in treasonous thoughts. He made good semblance and seemed so true that no man could perceive his deceit.\n\nIt was not long after this that King Edward gave David, Lewelyn's brother, to Lewelyn.The lordship of Frodesham was bestowed upon him. He was made a knight, and afterwards he never received favor from the Welsh people due to King Edward holding his parliament in London while he was in Wales, changing his money which was poorly received. The people complained severely to the king, and three hundred were summoned for such false dealings. Some were hanged and some drawn and hanged afterwards. Afterwards, the king ordered that the silver halfpenny should circulate throughout his land. He commanded that no man should grant or feoff houses of religion with land or tenement without the king's special leave. Anyone who did so would be punished at the king's will, and the gift would be forfeited. It was not long after this that Prince Lewis of Wales, through the instigation of David his brother, and with their consent, attempted to disinherit King Edward as much as they could.The kings men were unable to enter the well-prepared and fortified castle of Swandon belonging to Lewis and David in Northumberland and Surrey. King Edward heard of this and immediately sent his barons to take them on a tour. However, it was winter there, while it was summer in other countries. Lewis had ordered the preparation and equipping of his castle, and there was a large number of people and ample supplies. King Edward was unsure which entrance to use.\n\nWhen Edward's men discovered the strength of Wales, they ordered the arrival of sea barges and boats, as well as large planks, to transport men on foot and horseback to the castle. However, the Welsh had such a large force and were so strong that they pushed back the Englishmen, causing so much pressure at the point of contact that the barges and boats sank, drowning many good knights.Sir Robert Clyfford, Sir William of Lindesey, it was Sir John Fitz Robert's son, and Sir Richard Tanny, and a large number of others, were all harmed through their own folly. If they had had good spies, they would not have been harmed. When King Edward heard that his people were so drowned, he was sorrowful enough. But Sir John of Vessy came from King Aragon with a large number of bachelors and Gascon soldiers, and they were mercenaries. They dwelt with Sir John of Vessy and received wages from him, and they were noblemen, prepared to fight and burned many Welsh towns and slew many Welshmen. They took all they could. And all these, with strength and might, made an assault on the castle of Swandon and took the castle. When David, the prince, brother, heard of this news, he ordered himself to flee. Lewelyn, the prince, saw that his brother had fled, and he was greatly dismayed because he had no power to maintain his war. So Lewelyn began toFlee quickly to escape. But in the morning, Sir Roger Mortimer met him alone with ten knights and surrounded him. He seized him and cut off his head, presenting it to King Edward. In this way, Llewelyn, the Prince of Wales, was taken, and his head was struck off, and his heirs were disinherited forever through the rightful judgment of all the lords of the realm.\n\nDavid, the Prince of Wales' brother, through pride, wanted to be the Prince of Wales after his brother's death. He sent Welshmen to his parliament at Dinbych and foolishly rose against the king, beginning a war against King Edward and causing as much sorrow and distress as he could with his power. When King Edward heard of this, he ordered men to pursue him. David fiercely defended himself until he reached the town of St. Maurice, where he was taken as he fled and brought before the king. The king commandedthat he should be hanged and disemboweled / and strike off his head / and quarter him / and send his head to London and the four quarters to the four chief towns of Wales. For they should take example from it and beware. And afterwards, King Edward let his proclamation be cried through all the walls and seized all the land into his hands. All the great lords who were still alive came to do fealty and homage to King Edward as to their kind lord. And he let King Edward make himself ready, and\n\nKing Edward sent letters patent to all the lords of Wales, commanding them to come to parliament. And when they were come, he said to them courteously, \"Lordships, you are welcome. It behooves me to have your counsel and your help, for I am going to Gascony to redress the wrong done to me when I was there, and to negotiate peace between the king of Aragon and the prince of Morocco. All the earls, barons, and other liege men consented and granted this.\" And they made him ready.went into Gascoyne and made amends for all the trespasses done to him there. He settled the dispute between the king of Aragon and the Prince of Morrey. While King Edward and Eleanor his wife were in Gascoigne, the Earl of Cornwall was made warden of England until King Edward returned. He questioned his traitors who had conspired against him. Each of them received their due punishment after they had deserved it. However, during this time, when King Edward was beyond the sea to make amends with those who had trespassed against him, a false traitor named Risap Merydok began making war against King Edward. This was due to Sir Payne Tiptot, who had wrongfully grieved and harmed the aforementioned Risap Merydok. When King Edward learned of this matter and fully understood it, he sent a letter with a private seal to the aforementioned rebel, Risap Merydok, instructing him to begin nothing.A wise manner for making and raising war, except that he should be in peace for his love. Upon his return to England, he disobeyed the king's commandment and caused great sorrow to the king's men. However, after being taken and brought to York, he was drawn and hanged for his crime.\n\nKing Edward had dwelt for three years in Gascony when a desire came to him to return to England. Upon his arrival, he found many complaints made to him about his justices and clerks who had committed so many wrongs and falsehoods that it was astonishing. Sir Thomas Wylond, the king's justice, was accused of falsehood at the Tower of London on this account, and was accordingly tried and found false. After the king had dealt with the justices, he ordered an investigation into how the Jews had deceived and led astray his people.Through the sin of falseness and usury, and let a pure parliament be arranged among his lords. And they arranged among themselves that all the Jews should leave England for their misbelief and for their false usury they did to Christian men. And to expedite and bring this matter to an end, all the commonality of England gave the king the fifteenth penny of all their movable goods, and so the Jews were driven out of England. And they went into France. And there they dwelt, through the leave of King Philip who was king of France.\n\nIt was not long after Alexander, king of Scotland, was dead, and David, the earl of Huntingdon, who was the king's brother of Scotland, asked and claimed the kingdom of Scotland after his brother was dead because he was a rightful heir. But many great lords said no. Therefore, great debate arose between them and their friends, as they would not consent to his coronation. And the meantime, the aforementioned David.David had three daughters who were worthy of marriage. The first daughter was married to Bailol, the second to Bruce, and the third to Hastings. The aforementioned Bailol and Bruce challenged each other for the lordship of Scotland, and a great debate and strife ensued between them, as each wanted to be king. When the lords of Scotland saw the dispute between them, they went to King Edward of England. He seized the entire land of Scotland as chief lord. And when the said Bailol, Bruce, and Hastings came to the king's court and asked which of them should be king of Scotland, King Edward, who was full gentle and true, inquired according to the Chronicles of Scotland and the greatest lords of Scotland, who was of the oldest blood. It was found that Bailol was the eldest. And the king of Scotland was to hold of the king of England and do him fealty and homage. After this was done, Bailol went into Scotland.And there was a king of Scotland. And at the same time, there was great war on the sea between the English and the Normans. But at one time, the Normans arrived at Douver. And there, they killed an holy man called Thomas of Douver. Afterward, the Normans were slain. Not one of them escaped. And afterward, King Edward allowed the duchy of Gascony through King Philip of France through his deceitful dealings with the people of the land. Therefore, King Edward's brother, Edmond, gave his daughter to the king of France.\n\nIn the same time, the clerks of England granted to King Edward half of the castle of Swanscombe into his hand. For this reason, the king turned to Wales at Christmas. And because the noble lords of England who were sent into Gascony had no comfort from their lord the king, they were taken by Sir Charles of France. That is, Sir John of Britain, Sir Robert Tippet, Sir Ralph Tanny, Sir Hugh Bardolf.And Sir Adam of Creting and Maddok, the latter also known as Morgan, were taken in Wales at the assession. They were sent to the Tower of London and there they were imprisoned.\n\nWhen Sir John Balliol, king of Scotland, learned that King Edward was at war in Gascony, to whom the realm of Scotland was delivered, he falsely renounced his oath to Edward through the actions of his people and sent envoys to the Roman court to be absolved of the oath he had sworn to the king of England. \u00b6The Scots chose Douglas as their representative to appease Edward. \u00b6In the meantime, two cardinals came from the Roman court to negotiate an accord between the king of England. As the cardinals spoke of an accord, Thomas was taken violently at Lyons and made homage to the ward of Paris, putting his sons in hostage. He intended to go to England to see the country and inform them that he had broken the oath when he arrived in England.kynges pryson of Fraunce by ryght & said that he wolde do yt all Englysshmen & walshe\u2223men sholde aboute the kynge for to brynge to the ende he swore / & vpon thys couenaunt de\u2223des were made bytwene them / & that he sholde haue by yere a thousand pou\u0304des worth of lon\u00a6de. to byrnge this thynge to an ende. This fals traytour toke his leue / & wente thens & came in to Englonde vnto the kynge & seyd. that he was broke oute of pryson & yt he had put hym in suche peryll for his loue wherfore the kyng cowde hym moche thanke & full gladde was of his comynge. \u00b6And the fals traytoure fro that daye / aspyed all the doynge of the kynge & also his counselle / for the kyng loued hym full welle and with hym full preuy But clerke of Englonde / that was in the kynges hows of Fraunce: herde of this treason / and of the fals\u00a6nesse / and wrote to another clerke / that tho was dwellynge with Edwarde kynge of Eng\u00a6londe. all how Thomas Turbeluyll hadde do\u00a6ne his fals c\nSO whan the twoo Cardynalles were gone agayne in to Fraunce forThe king sent his earls and barons, including Edmond Earl of Lancaster and Leicester, Henry Lacy Earl of Nicoll, and William Vescy Baron, and about thirteen of the best and wisest men of England, to deal with the peas of Cambroy. At the same time, King Edward took his journey to Scotland to wage war upon John Balliol, King of Scotland. Robert Roos of Berwick departed from the English and went to the Scots. King Edward advanced towards Berwick and besieged the town. Those within defended themselves, set a fire, and burned two of King Edward's ships. They spoke in defiance and challenged him to come out. The Scots would not yield, so the hall was burned and torn down. All who were there were burned, and King Edward lost no more than twenty-seven Englishmen in this simple expedition. The warden of the castle surrendered the keys.The castle was taken without assault. Sir William Douglas, Symonde Frysell, and the earl Patrick were taken and handed over to the peasants. However, Ingham of Humbres and Robert the Bruys, who were with King Edward, deserted and joined the Scots. They were later taken and imprisoned. King Edward then fortified Berwick with walls and ditches. Robert Rous went to Tyndale, set fire to Wyberbridge, Exham, and Lamerstok, and plundered the countryside. After that, he went to Dunbar. The first Wednesday of March, the king sent the earl of Garenne, Sir Hugh Percy, and Sir Hugh Spenser with a fair company to besiege the castle. However, a traitor named Sir Richard Swarde attempted to deceive the English by sending a message to them, offering to surrender the castle if they granted him eight days of respite to send reinforcements.And tell Sir John Balliol, who was King of Scotland, how those within the castle were faring. He replied that if he would remove the siege of the English men, they would yield the castle to the English. The messenger went to Sir John Balliol, who was with his host, and told him all the news. Sir John took his host and set out early towards the castle the next morning. Sir Richard Swynford saw him come, who was master of the council and keeper of the castle, and said to the Englishmen, \"Now I see a fine company, well-appointed. I will go with them to meet and assault.\" Sir Hugh Spencer saw his deceit and treason and said to him, \"Traitor, prove your deceit shall not save you.\" Sir Hugh Spencer immediately commanded him to be bound. And they all hastened against their enemies and killed twenty-two thousand Scots. The Scots had that number.During this time, only Patrick Graham, a man of honor, bravely fought and was eventually killed. The Englishmen, in triumph over the Scots (I consider these scattering Scots to be mere wrenches), early in the morning on an unfavorable day, you were warned to leave Dubare. As those within the castle saw their defeat, they surrendered the castle to the English. They offered up their bodies and castles to King Edward. In this castle, three earls, seven barons, thirty-eight knights, eleven clerks, and seven Picards were taken. All were presented to King Edward, and he sent them to the Tower of London to be kept.\n\nOnce King Edward had ended the war and taken the key lands, he never returned. Therefore, the Scots chose William Wallace, a ruffian and harlequin, to come up from nowhere and cause great harm to the English and King Edward, who thought he might have delivered his people.take in Gascoyne. And i\u0304 hast wente hym ouer the see in to Flaunders for to werre vpon the kyng of Frau\u0304ce. And the erle of Flaunders receyued hym wyth moche ho\u2223nour and grayntyd hym all his londys at hys owne wyll. And whan the kynge of Fraunce herde telle the kyng of Englonde was aryued in Flaundres and came wyth a greate power hym for to dystroye. He prayed hym of trewes for two yere / so that the Englysshe marchaun\u2223tes & also Frenche myght saufly go and come in bothe sydes. The kynge Edwarde grau\u0304ted e same tyme the Scottes sente by ye bysshop of saynt andrewes in to Frau\u0304ce to the kynge & to syr Charles his brother. ye syr Char\u00a6les sholde come wyth hys power and they of Scotlo\u0304de wolde come with theyr power / and so they sholde go in to Englonde / that loude to dystroye from Scotlonde vnto they came to e thyng they had no maner grau\u0304t & neuertheles ye Scottes beg to robbe & kylle in Northu\u0304berlond / & dyd moche harme.\nAS tydynges was come to kynge Ed\u2223warde that wyllyam walys had ordey\u00a6ned suche a strongeThe king of England was disturbed that all of Scotland was attending to him and ready to sleep, and he was greatly annoyed. He immediately sent letters to the Earl of Garenne, Sir Henry Percy, and Sir Hugh of Cresynham, his treasurer, instructing them to take power and go into Northumberland and Scotland to keep the lands. When William Wallace heard of their coming, he began to flee, and the English followed, allowing no harm to be done to him or any man of order or religious house or any kind of church. But let him see all that he could find where any of his enemies might be, even if it was a spy who came to the king and told him where the Scots were assembled to await battle. On St. Mary Magdalene's day, the king came to Falkirk and gave battle to the Scots, and at this battle, 30,000 Scots were killed, and 18 Englishmen, and no more. Among the English dead was a worthy knight.A knight named Ferdy Bryan Iley slayed William Waleys during a battle. When William fled, Ferdy pursued him relentlessly, and as William's horse stumbled in a marsh, William turned back and killed Ferdy. This caused significant harm.\n\nWhile King Edward was traveling through Scotland to find any enemies, he resided there as long as he pleased, and no enemy dared to confront him.\n\nShortly after, King Edward went to Southampton because he did not wish to remain in Scotland during the winter season for the sake of his people. Upon arriving in London, he rectified many wrongdoings committed against his people and laws while he was in Flanders.\n\nIt was arranged through the Roman court that King Edward should marry Margaret, who was King Philip's sister from France. The Archbishop Robert of Winchelsea officiated their wedding ceremony.King Edward of England made marriage with King Philip of France. King Edward went to Scotland for the third time, and in the first year he subdued the land so effectively that he left no one unmercifully. Except those in the castle of Stirling, who were prepared and provisioned for seven years.\n\nKing Edward went to the castle of Stirling with a large army and besieged the castle, but it availed him little. For he could do no harm to the Scots, for the castle was so strong and well-guarded. And King Edward thought of a ruse and made two high gallows before the castle tower. He took an oath that as many as were within the castle would be hanged on them. Notwithstanding, the Earl of Bothwell was not taken, unless he chose to surrender himself. He would be hanged on the same gallows if he did not. And when those within the castle heard this, they surrendered themselves to the king's grace.The earls of Shotlonde swore to King Edward that they would come to London for every parliament and stand to his ordinance. King Edward then went to London, intending to find rest and peace from his war, which had lasted for twenty years in Gascony, Wales, and Scotland. He thought of how he might recover the treasure he had spent on the war. He ordered justices throughout the realm, who were known as Troylebaston, to inquire about it. In this way, he recovered an immense treasure. His plan was to go to the Holy Land to wage war against God's enemies, as he had been prevented from doing so for a long time. However, the law he had ordained brought great benefit throughout England to those who had transgressed, for they were well chastised. And afterward, the common people were at rest.And peas. At the same time, King Edward imprisoned his son Edward. Bishop Walter of Lanton of Chester, who was the king's treasurer, complained to him, alleging that Edward, through the counsel and instigation of one Gascon named Ganasto, had broken the parks of the said bishop. And the peers counseled and had Edward and his son taken, and for this reason King Edward had his enemies overcome in Wales, Gascony, and Scotland, and destroyed their traitors, except for one notorious traitor, William, falsely named, who was taken and presented to the king. But the king would not see him; instead, he sent him to London to receive his judgment. And on St. Bartholomew's Eve, he was hanged and drawn, and his head struck off and his entrails taken out of his body and burned, and his body quartered and sent to four of the best towns in Scotland. His head was put on a spear and displayed on London Bridge as an example.\n\nAnd at Michaelmas next coming, King Edward held a feast.parlament at westmestre / & thyder came ye Scottes that is to saye the bysshop of saynt Andreas: Ro\u2223berte the Brus erle of caryk. Symonde Fry\u2223sell / Iohan the erle of Athell & they were accor\u00a6ded with the kynge and bounde by othe swore that they afterwarde yf ony of them mysbare them ayenst kynge Edwarde that they sholde be dysheryted for euermore. And whan theyr peas was thus made they toke theyr leue pry\u2223uely / and wente home in to Scotlonde.\nSO after thys Robert the Brus erle of Caryk sent by hys letters to the erles &\nbarons of Sotlonde that they sholde come to hym to Scone in the morowe after the Con\u2223cepcion of our lady for grete nedys of the lon\u2223de. And the lordes came at the daye assygned. And the same daye syr Robert the Brus sayd Fayre lordes fulle well ye knowe / yt in my per\u00a6sone dwellyd the ryght of the reame of Scot\u2223londe / & as ye wote well I am ryghtfull heyer Syth that syre Iohn\u0304 baylol yt was our kynge vs hath forsake / & left his londe. And though it so be ye kynge Edwarde of Englonde wythwrongful power has made me assent against my will, if he will grant that I may be king of Scotland, I shall keep you against King Edward of England and all manner of men, and with you, the abbot of Scone, arose and before them all said that it was reasonable for us to help him and the land to keep and defend. And he said in presence of them all that he would give him a thousand pounds to maintain the land. And all the others granted the land to him and with their power helped him to defend against King Edward of England. And they said Robert Bruce should be king of England.\n\nLordings said, Sir John of Comyn. Consider the truth and the oaths you made to King Edward of England, and touching myself, I will not break my oath for any man. And he departed from their company at that time. Therefore, Robert Bruce and all those who were with him were angry and threatened Sir John of Comyn. They ordered another council at Dumfries to which came Sir John of Comyn, for he dwelt but two miles from it.Robert the Bruce was wont to sojourn and reside at Dumfries. When Robert the Bruce knew that all the great lords had come from Scotland to Scon, save Sir John Comyn, it was the Thursday after Candlemas. And Sir John granted to go with him. And when he had heard mass, he took a sop and drank, and afterwards he mounted his palfrey and rode to Dumfries. When Robert the Bruce saw him come at a window as he was in his chamber, he made joyful noises and came before him, and embraced him about the neck, and made good semblance with him. And when all the earls and barons of Scotland were present, Robert the Bruce said, \"Sir, you know well the cause of this coming and why it is. If you will grant that I be king of Scotland as rightful heir of the land.\" And all the lords who were there said with one voice that he should be crowned king of Scotland, and they would help and maintain him against all manner of men living, and for him if it were necessary to die. The gallant knight, Sir John Comyn, answered, \"Never for me.\"For I will give you as much help as the value of a baton. I have made for King Edward of England, and I will keep this pledge as long as my life lasts. With that word, he departed from the company and wanted to mount his palfrey. But Robert the Bruce pursued him with a drawn sword and killed him through the body. However, when Sir John Comyn's brother, Roger, saw the treachery, he attacked Robert Bruce and struck him with a knife. But the treacherous man was armed, so Roger's stroke did him no harm. And so much help came to Sir Robert Bruce that Robert Comyn was slain and all cut into pieces there. And Robert Bruce turned again and found Sir John Comyn lying wounded. He lay wounded beside the high altar in the church of the Grey Friars and said to Sir John Comyn, \"Traitor, you shall be dead; and never again shall my announcement be made; and I shook my sword at the high altar and struck him on his.\"He who fell upon the ground, and the blood rose high upon the walls; and to this day, that blood is still seen there, which no water can wash away. And so died that noble knight in holy church.\n\nAnd when traitor Robert the Bruce saw that no man would attend his coronation, he summoned all who were of power to attend his coronation at St. John's Town in Scotland. And it fell on our lady day, the Annunciation, that the bishops of Glaston and St. Andrews crowned for their king this Robert the Bruce in St. John's Town, and made him king. Immediately after, he drove out all the Englishmen from Scotland. They fled and complained to King Edward how Robert Bruce had driven them out of the land and disinherited them.\n\nAnd when King Edward heard of this treachery, he swore to avenge himself for it, and said, \"All the traitors of Scotland shall be hanged and drawn, and they shall\"neuer be raunson\u2223ned. \u00b6And kynge Edwarde thought vppon this falsnesse that the Scottes had to hym do\u00a6ne And sente after all the bachelers of Englon\u00a6de / that they sholde come vnto London at wyt\u00a6so\u0304tyde / & he dubbyd at westmestre .xxiiii. score knyghtes. \u00b6Them ordened the noble kynge Edwarde for to go in to Scotlonde / to werre vpon Robert the Brus / And sent before hym in to Scotlonde syr Aymer the valaunce erle of Penbroge. And syre Henry Perey baron with a fayre company / that pursewed ye Scot\u00a6tes and brente townes and castels. And after\u00a6warde came the kynge hymself with erles and barons a fayre companye.\nTHe Frydaye next before the Assumecy\u00a6on of our lady kynge Edwarde mette Robert Brus besyde saynt Iohans towne in Scotlo\u0304de and with his companye / of the why\u2223che company kyng Edwarde slewe .vii. thou\u00a6sande / whan Robert Brus sawe thys mysche\u00a6yf he began to flee / and hydde hym that no ma\u0304 myght hym fynde / But syr Symonde fryseld pursewed hym sore / so that he torned ayen & a\u00a6bode batayll / for he was aA worthy knight and bold, Sir Symond, was pursued relentlessly on all sides, killing the horse he rode upon. They captured him and brought him to the host. Sir Symond then began to flatter and speak fair words, saying, \"Lords, I will give you four thousand marks of silver, my horse, harness, and all my armor, and become a beggar.\" Theobald of Peuens, the king's archer, answered, \"God help me, it is in vain that you speak. I would not let go of him without the king's command in England. He was taken to King Edward and the king would not see him but commanded him to be led away to have his judgment at London. On our lady's nativity, he was hanged and drawn, and his head was set upon London Bridge upon a spear, and against Christmas, his body was burned because the men who kept the body at night claimed they saw many devils.At that battle, Sir John Earl of Aylesford and the bishops of Bathon, St. Andrew, and Scone, armed with iron hooks, tormented the bodies of those hanged and horrified on the gallows. Frightened witnesses reported that some of them became bishops after their deaths, and all were armed like soldiers against each other. They were brought before the king, and he sent them to the pope in Rome to deal with them as he saw fit.\n\nSir John Earl of Aylesford fled from that battle and hid in a church for fear, but he could find no refuge there because the church had been entered through a general sentence. In the same church, he was captured. Sir John would have easily escaped death because he claimed kinship with King Edward. However, the king no longer wished to be deceived by his traitors and sent him to London in haste. There, his head was hung and his body burned to ashes. But at the queen's prayer,Margaret caused King Edward to grant her drawing. The greatest master of Scotland were done to evil death and destroyed for their falseness. John, Willy Wallace's brother, was taken and done to death as was Sir John Earl of Atholl. At the same time, Robert the Bruce was much hated among the people of Scotland, so he didn't know what to do and to hide himself he went to Norway to the king who had married his sister. There he found help. Robert the Bruce could not be found in Scotland. Edward let his people cry out throughout the land, and his laws were used, and his ministries served throughout the land.\n\nKing Edward had suppressed his enemies and turned southward. He encamped at Berwick upon Tweed in the march of Scotland. He called upon him Henry Lacy, Earl of Lancaster, Sir Guy Earl of Warwick, Sir Aymer Earl of Penbroke, and Sir Robert Clifford, baron, and prayed them.Faith that they believed Edward of Carnarvon should become king of England as soon as they could. And that they should not allow peers of Grenville to return to England to stir up his son and they granted him this with good will. And the king took his sacrament of the holy church as a good Christian man should. And he died in repentance. And when he had been king for 35 years, he died and was buried at Westminster with much solemnity. Upon whose soul, God have mercy.\n\nOf King Edward, Merlin prophesied and called him the second dragon of the six kings who were to reign in England. He should be mixed with mercy and strength and fierceness. He would keep England from cold and heat. And he would open his mouth towards Wales and set his foot in Wycombe and close with the walls, causing much harm to his seat. And he spoke truly. For the good King Edward was mixed with mercy and strength.King Edward of Carnarvon showed mercy against his Welsh enemies and those of Scotland, putting them to death for their falseness and treachery as they deserved. He kept England safe from all enemies who sought to harm him. He opened his mouth against Wales and made it quake through its length when he conquered it with the sharpness of his sword. Prince Llewelyn and David his brother, Rhys and Morgan, were put to death for their falseness and folly. He set foot in Wycombe and conquered it there, slaying 25,000 and 700 in the process. Those who were burned in the red hall were taken captive. The walls he had built would be harmful to his seat, as later in the life of Sir Edward of Carnarvon, his son, was foretold by Merlin. Merlin also said that he would make rivers run red with blood and brains, and it seemed well in his wars as he had.Merlin said that during the reign of the aforementioned dragon, a people from the northwest would emerge. They would be led by a man with a grey beard, who would crown the dragon as king. Afterward, the dragon would flee over the sea out of fear of the dragon and never return to Scotland. Merlin also said that the man leading the grey-bearded one would be fatherless for a certain time. The people of Scotland greatly suffered after Sir John Baylol was fled. Merlin further stated that the same dragon would nourish a fox that would move great war against him, and this would not be ended in its time.that seemed true according to Robert Bruce. King Edward was proclaimed in his chamber, and then made his way and waged great war against him, which was not ended in his time. And Merlin said that the dragon would die in the march of another land, and that his land would be long without a good keeper. And men should mourn for his death from the isle of Shephey to the isle of Mercia. Therefore, alas, there would be a song among the common people, fatherless in the land, wasting away. And that prophecy was known over all, full well. For King Edward died at Burgh upon Sands, that is, upon the march of Scotland. The English were dispersed,\n\nPeers of Ganston. Therefore, alas, the song went through all England, for the lack of their good wardens from the isle of Shephey to the isle of Mercia. The people mourned greatly for King Edward's death.\n\nThey believed that King Edward should have gone to the holy land, for that was his purpose. Upon whose soul God have mercy.Celestinus was pope for five months, and nothing noble about him is written, except that he was a virtuous man. Boniface VIII was pope for eight years after him. This Boniface VIII was a man skilled in courtly matters, for he had no peer and therefore put no checks on his prudence. He took such great pride in himself that he declared himself lord of the whole world. He did many things with his might and power, but they failed wretchedly in the end. He set an example for all prelates that they should not be haughty. But under the guise of a very shepherd of God, he entered like a fox. He lived like a lion, and died like a dog.\n\nDuring this time, the year of grace was established from a hundred to a hundred and one years. And the first Jubilee was in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ, three thousand one hundred.\n\nBenedict XI was pope for eleven months after Boniface VIII. This man was a holy man.Order of the Friars Preachers / And Ulphus, while he lived, was emperor for six years. This man was earl of Ancona. Ulphus was not crowned by the pope, for he was slain in battle. Albert was emperor after him, for ten years. He was the duke of Austria and was first reprimanded by the pope, then confirmed by the same pope for the offenses of the king of France, who was an enemy of the church. But it profited him not, for at last he was slain by his new one. Clemens was pope after Benedict, almost for nine years, and he was a great builder of castles and other things. He suppressed the Order of Templars and ordered the compilation of the seven books of the Decretals, which are called the Questions of Clement. And in a council that he held at Vienna, he revoked the same book, which John later called back, corrected it, and published it again.It is this Clement, the first of all popes, who translated the papal seat from Rome to Avignon, and whether it was done by the power of God or by human boldness is a matter of marvel. John XXII succeeded him, ruling for eight years. This man was renowned for his glorious deeds throughout his active life. He published the Constitutions of the Clementines and sent them to all the universities. He canonized many saints and divided these wealthy bishoprics. He ordered many things against the plurality of benefices and condemned many heretics, but whether he was saved or not the Lord would not reveal to those who loved him well.\n\nHenry VII succeeded Albert after five years as emperor. This Henry was a noble man in war. He desired peace by land and water. He was a glorious man in battle. And never overcome by enemies. At the last, he was poisoned by a friar when he received the sacrament.\n\nAnd after this, King Edward ruled, named Edward.This is the son, born at Carnriuan, whom Edward went to France. There, he saw Isabella, the king's daughter of France, on the 25th day of January, at the church of Our Lady at Boloyne, in the year of our Lord 1407. And on the 20th day of February the following year, he was solemnly crowned at Westminster by the Archbishop of Canterbury. The crowd was so great that Sir John Bakwell was killed and murdered. And as soon as good King Edward died, Edward his son, King of England, sent after Pers Ganaston into Gascony. He loved him so much that he called him brother. Immediately after, he gave him the lordship of Walington. It was not long after that he gave him the earldom of Cornwall against the will of the English lords.\n\nAnd Sir Walter of Langton, bishop of Chester, was brought into prison and kept in the Tower of London with two knights only to serve him. The king was angry with him for some reason.cause that syre water made him appear before his father, therefore he was imprisoned during the time of Troylebaston. And the aforementioned Percy of Gansworth made such great mischiefs that he entered the king's treasury in the abbey of Westminster and took the table of gold with its trestles, as well as many other rich jewels, which at one time belonged to the noble and good King Arthur. He took them to a marshal called Ameri of Frisobald, for he was to bear them over the sea to Gascony. And so he went there and they were never seen again, resulting in a great loss to this land. When Percy was richly rewarded, he became so proud and so arrogant. Therefore, all the great lords of the realm hated him for his great bearing. Sir Henry Lacy, Earl of Nottingham, and Sir Guy, Earl of Warwick, along with the good King Edward, King of England, Edward's father, charged Percy of Gansworth not to come to England to bring his son Edward into disorder. And all the lords agreed.The earls and barons of England assembled them at the friars in London on a certain day, and there they spoke of the disgrace King Edward did to his realm and crown. They all agreed, both earls and barons, and all the commoners that the peers of Gascony should be banished from England forever. This was done, for he had sworn allegiance to England and went to Ireland, and there the king made him chiefain and governor of the land by his commission. And there this Perse was chiefain of all the land, and did there whatever he pleased and had the power to do, and at that time the Templars were expelled throughout Christendom because they were accused of doing things against the faith and good belief. King Edward loved the peers of Gascony so much that he could not bear their company. And so much did the king give and grant to the people of England that the expulsion of the aforementioned peers was to be revoked at Stamford, through them it had been granted to him.Exiled, therefore, Percy of Ganston returned to England. Upon his return to his land, he disparaged the greatest lords of this land and summoned Sir Robert Clare, Earl of Gloucester; Sir Henry Lacy, Earl of Lancaster; and Sir Guy, Earl of Warwick, the Black Knight of Ardern; as well as many other scoundrels and shameless men. They were greatly angered and wrathful towards him, and deeply annoyed. At the same time, the Earl of Lancaster died. But before his death, he charged his son in law, Thomas of Lancaster, to maintain his quarrel against this same Peers of Ganston with his blessing.\n\nAnd so, through the help of Earl Thomas of Lancaster and Earl Warwick, the aforementioned Sir Peers was apprehended at Gaveston on the 20th day of June in the year of grace 1312. Therefore, the king was sore distressed.an annoyed Earl of Lancaster and many other great barons met their pitiful deaths due to the aforementioned quarrel. The king was in London and held a parliament, where the laws of Syndon Mountford were ordained. For this reason, Earl Lancaster and all the clergy of England made an oath through the counsel of Robert of Wynchelse to maintain the ordinances forever.\n\nSir Robert Bruce, who had become king of Scotland, had previously fled to Norway out of fear of King Edward's death. He also learned of the dispute between the king and his lords. He organized an army and entered England in Northumberland, completely destroying the country.\n\nWhen King Edward learned of these happenings, he summoned his army and met the Scots at Edstrewery.The day of Saint John the Baptist in the third year of his reign, and in the year of our Lord 1414. Alas, the sorrow and loss that ensued. For the noble Earl of Clare, Sir Robert Clifford, baron, and King Edward were disgraced. Edward was frightened and drowned himself in a fresh river called Bannockburn. Therefore, the maidens of the country of King Edward sang this lament:\n\nMaidens of England, sore may you mourn,\nFor your lovers have been lost at Bannockburn,\nWith heavy heart.\n\nWhat had King Edward gained in Scotland with Rothesay?\n\nAs King Edward was greatly discomfited and, in haste, he and his surviving men fled to Berwick, where they were held. Afterward, he took hostages: two children of the nobility.In the town. And the king went to London and took counsel on matters necessary for the realm of England. At the same time, there was a robber in England called John Tanner. He went and claimed to be King Edward's son, and therefore they called him Edward of Carnarvon. He was taken at Oxford, and there he charged the friar Carthusian church that King Edward had given them what was the king's hall. Afterwards, this John was taken to Northampton and drawn and hanged for his falsehood. Before his death, he confessed and said before all who were there that the devil had tempted him to be king of England and that he had served the devil for three years.\n\nOn a Sunday in the year of our Lord 1416, Beverley was lost through the false treason of one Percy of Spalding. This Percy, whom the king had put there to help the town with many burghers of the same town, betrayed it. Therefore, the children who were put up as hostages were lost.Through the burghers of Berwick followed the kings march, two Cardinals into England, as the pope had sent them to make peace between England and Scotland. And as they went to ward Durham, to have sacred Master Lovis of Beamont, bishop of Durham, they were taken and robbed upon the moor of Wingham. Of this robbery, Sir Gilbert of Mitton was indicted and taken, and hanged and drawn at London, and his head struck off. It was placed upon a spear and set upon Newgate, and the four quarters sent to four cities of England. And at that same time, many misfortunes befell England, for the poor people died in England from hunger, and so much and so quickly that beneath me, I could not bury them. A quarter of wheat was at 40 shillings, and two years and a half a quarter of wheat was worth 10 marks. At that time, the poor people stole children and ate them, and also houses that they might take: and also horses and cattle. And after this, a great pestilence arose among beasts in various places.Countries of England during King Edward's time. And in the same period, the Scots returned to England and destroyed Northumberland. Pope John XXII, after hearing of the great sorrow, urged Bruces of Scotland not to be unjustified and make amends to King Edward of England for their losses and harm they had caused. They were also required to restore the church's goods, as the sentence was to be pronounced throughout all England. However, when the Scots heard this, they refused to relent for the pope's commandment. Therefore, Robert the Bruce, James Douglas, Thomas Radulf, earl of Moray, and all those who came with them or helped them in word or deed were cursed in every church throughout all England every day at mass three times. No mass should be sung in Holy Church throughout all Scotland unless the Scots made restitution for the harm they had caused.In the name of the holy church, many good priests and holy men were slain throughout the realm of Scotland because they refused to sing mass according to the pope's commandment and against his will, and to fulfill the tyrant's will.\n\nIt wasn't long after this that the king convened a parliament at York. Sir Spencer's son was made chamberlain. During the war, the king went back into Scotland and besieged the town of Berwick. But the Scots crossed the water at Solway Firth, which was three miles from the king's host. Privately, they stole a way by night and came into England. When the Englishmen left at home heard these tidings, all who could travel, including monks, priests, friars, canons, and seculars, met with the Scots at Myton-upon-Swale on the twelfth day of October. Alas, for (the fate of)The English husbandmen, who could do nothing about it, were called and drowned in an arm of the sea. Bishop William of Melton, archbishop of York, and the abbot of Selby, with their retinue, fled and came to York. This was their own folly, for they had such misfortune. They passed the River Swale. And the Scots set a fire, so that the Englishmen could not see the Scots. And when the Englishmen had gone over the water, the Scots came with their wings in the guise of a shield and intercepted the English. The Englishmen fled.\n\nNow, when King Edward heard this news, he removed his siege from Berwick and returned to England. But Sir Hugh Spencer, who was the king's chamberlain, kept the king's chamber. He made arrangements with him to do all his bidding, and this exceedingly. Hugh behaved so arrogantly that all men despised and disdained him, and even the king himself was displeased.go governed only by no man but only by his father and by him. And if any knight of England had many ways or lands that they would covet immediately, the King must yield it to them or else the man who ought it would be falsely entitled forfeit or felony. Through such doing, they disinherited many a bachelor, and so much land he gained that it was great wonder. When the lords of England saw the great covetousness and falseness of Sir Hugh Spencer the father and of Sir Hugh the son, they came to the gentle earl of Lancaster and asked him for counsel regarding the disorder that was in the realm, concerning Sir Hugh Spencer and his son. In haste, by one assent, they made a private assembly. At Shirburnee doing between the King and Sir Hugh Spencer and his son, upon their power. And they went to the march of Wales and destroyed the land of the aforementioned Sir Hugh.\n\nWhen King Edward saw the great harm and destruction that the Barons of England did to Sir Hugh Spencer's land and to his son.in every place they came upon the king, through his counsel, Sir Monbray, Sir Roger Clifford, and Sir Goscelin Daundely, and many other lords who were consenting to them. The barons did more harm than before because of this, and the king saw that they would not submit to their cruelty. The king was greatly afraid lest they would destroy him and his realm for his maintenance. But if he assented to them, they came, by his letters, to London to his parliament at a certain day as contained in his letters, and they came with three battalions, well armed at all points. And every battalion had coat-of-arms of great cloth. And therefore the parliament was called the parliament of the white bend. And in their company was Sir Hugh de Bohun, Earl of Hereford, Sir Roger Clifford, Sir John Monbray, Sir Goscelin Daundely, Sir Roger Mortimer, uncle of Sir Roger Mortimer of Wigmore, and Sir Henry of Tracy.Sir John Gyffarde and Sir Bartholomew of Badelessemore, the king's steward, were sent to Shrewsbury in Shropshire to the Earl of Lancaster, and all who were with him, to treat of an accord. Sir Roger Damory and Sir Hugh Dandale, who had married the king's niece, were also present. Sir Gilbert Clare, Earl of Gloucester, who was slain in Scotland as previously mentioned, had two parties of the earldom of Gloucester. Sir Hugh Spencer had a third party in his wife's half, the third sister, and the two lords intended to go with them against Sir Hugh, their brother in law. Accordingly, Sir Robert Clifford, Sir John Mowbray, Sir Goscelin Daundley, Sir Roger Mortimer of Wigmore, his new son, Sir Henry Tracy, Sir John Gyffarde, Sir Bartholomew of Bardesmore, and all their companies came with them. Many other great lords joined them at Westminster to the king.Parliament spoke and acted thus: Sir Hugh Speiser the father and also his son were outlawed from England forever. Sir Hugh the father then went to Douver and mourned greatly, falling down by the seashore. He crossed himself and wept, saying, \"Fair England and good England, I commend thee to Almighty God. I kiss the ground three times and vow never to return. I weep and curse the day I begat Sir Hugh my son. For him, I have lost all of England.\" In the presence of all who were with him, he gave his curse and sailed over the sea to his lands. But Sir Hugh the son refused to leave England; instead, he held himself in the sea. His company took and carried away two dromedaries besides Sandwich, and all the goods that were in them, to the value of \u00a380,000.\n\nIt was not long after this that the king summoned Sir Hugh Speiser the father and Sir Hugh the son back to England against the will of the lords of the realm.After King with great power came and besieged Ledys castle. Inside was Lady Bladelesmore's labyrinth because she refused to grant the castle to Queen Isabel, daughter of King Edward IV, for the principal reason being that Sir Berthylme was against the king and held the lords of England. Nevertheless, the king, with help from men of London and Southern men, took the castle despite all those within. When the barons of England heard these news, Sir Roger Mortimer and many other lords took the town of Brugge in anger. Therefore, the king was very angry and issued outlawry against Thomas of Lancaster, Umfroy de Bohun, earl of Hereford, and all those supporting the same quarrel. The king assembled a huge host and came against the lords of England. However, the Mortimers submitted to the king's grace. They were then sent to the Tower of London.When Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, learned that the barons had yielded to the king and were in his grace, along with the Mortimers, he was filled with great anger and dismay. His companions were also deeply troubled. Hearing this, Thomas assembled his power and besieged the castle of Tickhill. But those within defended themselves manfully, preventing the barons from taking the castle. When King Edward heard of this, he swore by God and by His name that the law would be repealed. He gathered a large army and went to rescue the castle. His power grew from day to day. When Earl Thomas of Lancaster and Earl Hertford, along with the other barons of their company, learned of this, they assembled their forces and went to Burton upon Trent, blocking the bridge to prevent the king from crossing. However, this occurred on the tenth day of March in the year of grace.In the year 1321, the King and the Earls Spencer, Aymer Valance of Penbroke and Joan Earl of Arundell, took control over the waterways and discomfited Lord Thomas and his company. They fled to the castle of Tetbury and then to Pountfret. Robert Holond knight, whom the Earl had brought up from nothing and had given a thousand marks of land by the year, was so favored by him that he could do as he pleased both among the high and low in the Earl's court. The Earl had arranged, through his letters, to go to the earldom of Lancaster to rally men to keep him company on this journey. That is, five hundred men of the army. But the false traitor did not come there; no men were summoned to warn or to help their lord. When the false traitor learned that his lord had been discomfited at Burton,The Earl of Lancaster, Thomas, and Humfrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford, and their companions took counsel together at the first preachers in Poultrey. Thomas contemplated the traitor Robert Holond. Upon Trent, as a false traitor, they stole a way and robbed Lord Raudele's men who came from the comfort. They took from them horses, harness, and all that they could, slaying all they could capture, and surrendered him to the king.\n\nWhen the good Earl Thomas learned of this betrayal, he was so ashamed and said to himself, \"O almighty God, how might Robert Holond find in his heart to betray me, seeing that I loved him so much, O God. Well may a man not discern another rather than him whom he trusts most. He has fully repaid me with evil, and the honor I have shown him, and through my kindness have exalted him, but he will die an evil death.\"\"Holonde has betrayed me, and is involved in some evil deed. They were to go to Dunstanbridge castle, which belonged to the Lancaster domain, and were to wait there until the king had granted them his seal. But when good Earl Thomas heard this, he answered in this way and said, \"Lords, if we go north, the northern men will say that we are going to war with the Scots. We will be considered traitors because of the dispute between King Edward and Robert Bruce, who made him king of Scotland. Therefore, as for myself, I will not go any further north than to my own castle at Poultrey.\" When Sir Roger Clifford heard this, he rose up in anger and drew his sword. He swore by God Almighty and by his holy names that if he went with them, he would kill him there. The noble and gentle Earl Thomas of Lancaster\"sir a ferde and said. Fair sirs, I will go with you, wherever some ever bid me. They went together into the North, and with them they had seven hundred men of arms come to Burbryg. And when Sir Andrew of Herkela, who was in the northern country, heard through the king's ordinance to keep Scotland, he told me. How Thomas of Lancaster was defeated and his company at Burton upon Trent, he ordered him a strong power, and Sir Simon Ward also, who was the sheriff of York, met the barons at Burgbridge. And immediately they broke the bridge that was made of trees. And when Sir Thomas of Lancaster heard that Sir Andrew of Herkela had brought such a power, he was sore afraid. He sent for Sir Andrew of Herkela, and spoke to him in this manner: Sir Andrew said, \"you may well understand that our lord the king is led and misgoverned by much false counsel, through Sir Hugh Spencer the father, and Hugh is his son: Sir John Earl of Warwick, and through Master Robert.\"Baldok, a false clerk, is living in the king's court. Therefore, I pray you that you will come with all your power that you have ordered, and help us destroy the venom of England and the traitors who are in it. We will give you an unspecified part of five earldoms that we have and hold. And we will make an oath to you that we will never do anything without your counsel. So you shall be left as well as Robert Holland was. Thomas, the noble earl of Lancaster, answered Sir Andrew of Herkula and said, Sir Thomas will not I do or consent to it for no reason without the will and commandment of the lord the king. For I would be held a traitor forever. And when noble earl Thomas of Lancaster saw that he would not consent to him for any reason, Sir Andrew said, Will you not consent to destroy the venom of the realm as we have consented at one word, Sir Andrew? I tell you this year, you shall be taken and held as a traitor. And more than any of you.hold vs now / and understand well / that you never did anything that you will regret more. And now go and do what you like / and I will put myself in the mercy of God. And so went the false traitor, Tyrrell, a false sworn man. Through the noble earl Thomas of Lancaster, he received the arms of chivalry, and through him, he was made a knight. Men could see archers draw them in on one side and knights also. And they fought together most fiercely. And among all others, Humfrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford, a worthy knight renowned throughout Christendom, stood and fought against his enemies on the bridge. And as the noble lord stood and fought on the bridge, a thief, Skulking under the bridge, fiercely struck the noble knight in the vitals, so that his bowels came out around his feet. Alas for sorrow and pity. For there was slain the flower of solace and comfort.And Sir Roger Clifford, a noble and worthy knight, stood and fought bravely. He defended himself nobly and valiantly as a baron. But at last, he was severely wounded in the head. Sir William of Sullynd and Sir Roger of Benfield were slain in that battle. When Sir Andrew of Herkela saw that Sir Thomas Mowbray of Lancaster was weakening and yielding, he and his company immediately approached the gentle knight, Sir Thomas, and demanded in a loud voice, \"Yield the traitor! Yield to us!\"\n\nThe noble Earl Thomas of Lancaster answered and said, \"Nay, lords, traitors we are not, and to you we will never yield as long as our lives last. But rather than yield to you, we would prefer to be killed in our truth.\"\n\nSir Andrew replied, \"None of you be so bold on life and limb to harm the body of Sir Thomas Mowbray of Lancaster.\" With that, the good Earl Thomas went into the castle, knelt on his knees, and turned his face towards the cross, saying aloud, \"Almighty God, to Thee I yield, and holy, I commend myself.\"thy mercy. And with that, the vilaines and ribauds leapt about him on every side as tyrautes & wood tormentors & dispersed him of his armour & clothed him in a ribaude's and the vilaines eagerly discerned and cried on high \"yield traitors yield you.\" And when they were yielded, they were robbed & bound as thieves. Alas, the shame and disdain that the gentle order of knighthood had there at that battle. And the land was then without law, For holy church had then no more credence than it had been a brothel house / And in that battle was the father against the son.\n\nIt was no wonder. For the great lords of England were not all of one nation, But were mingled with other nations; that is, some Britons, some Saxons, some Danes, some Peasants, some Frenchmen, some Normans, some Spaniards, some Romans, some Hainaults, some Flemings and other diverse nations which did not agree with the kindred blood of England. And if so great lords had been only wedded to English people.Then should peas have been and rest among them without any envy. And at that battle, Roger Clifford took him. Sir John Mombray, Sir William Tucy and I shall now tell you about the noble earl Thomas of Lancaster. He was taken and brought to York. Many of the city were full glad and upon him cried with a loud voice, \"O traitor, welcome.\" Blessed be God, now you shall have the reward that you long have deserved. And they cast up on him many snowballs and many other reproaches they did him. But the gentle earl remained silent and said nothing further.\n\nAnd at the same time, the king heard of this scoffing and was full glad and joyous, and in great haste came to Pontefract. Sir Hugh Spencer, Sir Hugh his son, Sir John Earl of Arundel, Sir Edmond of Woodstock, the king's brother Earl of Kent, Sir Aymer of Valance Earl of Penbroke, and Master Robert Baldock, a false pilgrim priest who was in the king's court, all came there with the king.The king entered the castle, and Sir Andrew of Herkela, a false tyrant by the king's command, took with him the gentle Earl Thomas of Pountfret. He was imprisoned in his own castle that he had newly built, facing the abbey of King Edward.\n\nSir Hugh Spencer the father and son devised a plan and considered how and in what manner the good Earl Thomas of Lancaster should be done away with, without judgment from his peers. Therefore, it was arranged through the king's justice that the king would accuse him of treason. It came to pass that he was led before the king's justices in a fair hall in his own castle, which he had built there for rich and poor, as a thief before them.\n\nThese were the justices: Sir Hugh Spencer the father, Aymer of Balance, Earl of Shrewsbury; Sir Edmond of Woodstock, Earl of Kent; Sir John of Britain, Earl of Richmond; Sir Robert Malemethrop, and Sir Robert Hume. Thomas' court.Thomas, you are excluded from answering, for the king puts the charge upon you that you have ridden against his people with baner displayed, as a traitor. And Thomas, the earl, with a high voice said, \"Nay, lords, indeed, and by Saint Thomas, I was never a traitor.\" The justice replied to him, \"Thomas, the king puts the charge upon you that you have robbed his people and murdered them as a thief. Thomas, the king also puts the charge upon you that you have disrupted us with his people in his own realm, therefore. You weigh and fled to the wood as an outlaw, and Thomas, as a traitor, you shall be hanged by reason. But the king has forgiven you that judgment, for the love of Queen Isabella. And Thomas, the king would have it that your head be smitten off, but the king has forgiven you that judgment because of your lineage. However, Thomas, as you were taken fleeing and as an outlaw, the king: will that your head be struck off. Have him out of presses.and bring him to his judgment. When the knight Thomas had heard all these words, with a high voice he cried sorrowfully and said, \"Alas, Saint Thomas, fair father. Alas, shall I be done in thus? Grant me now, blessed God, answer. But all in vain it availed him. For the cursed Gascons put him here and there, and on him they cried with a high voice. O most terrible and fearful King Arthur, known and shown now is your open traitor. And an evil death shall you rightly deserve. You have deserved it well.\n\nAnd then these cruel people set upon the good knight Thomas for mockery an old chaplet that was all to rent, not worth a half penny. And after that they set him upon a white palfrey unseemly, and also bare, with an old bridle. And with a horrible noise they drew him out of the castle to ward his death, and they cast upon him many balls of snow in scorn. And as the traitors led him out of the castle, he said these pitiful words.his hands held up high to ward heaven. The king of heaven grant us mercy for the earthly king has forsaken us. A friar went with him out of the castle until he reached the place where he ended his life. The gentle earl held him firmly by the clothes and said to him, \"Fair father, stay with us till I am dead. For my flesh quakes with fear of death.\"\n\nAnd truly, the gentle earl set him upon his knees and turned him towards the east. But a ruffian named Hygon of the Moor left him, weeping sorely. And immediately, a ruffian came to him and struck off his head on the 11th of April. In the year of grace 1421.\n\nAlas, that ever such a gentle blood should be shed without cause or reason. And traitorously, the king was advised, when he suffered his uncle's son, Sir Thomas, to be put to such a death through the false counsel of the Spencer. And so he ordered, against all reason.And grete pyte it was also / that suche a noble kynge sholde be dysceyued and mysgo\u2223uerned thrugh counsell of the fals Spensers / the whyche tho he mayntened thrughe loselry ayenst his honour & also his proffyte. For after warde there fell grete vengaunce in Englon\u2223de. for by cause of the forsayd\u00b7 Thomas dethe. whan the gentyll erle of his lyf was passyd. ye pryour & the monkys of Pounfret gate the bo\u00a6dy of syr Thomas of the kynge & buryed it befo\u00a6re the hyghe awter on the ryght syde. \u00b6That same daye that thys gentyll knyght was dede / were hangyd and drawen / for the same quarel at Pou\u0304tfret syr Wyllyam Tuchet. Syr Wylly\u00a6am. Fitz Wyllyam. syr werreyn of Isell. Syr Henry Bradborn / & syr Wyllyam Cheyne ba\u2223rons al / and Iohn\u0304 page esquyrer. and soone af\u00a6ter at yorke were drawen & hangyd syr Roger Clyfforde / syre Iohan of Mambray barons. & syr Goselyne Deuyll knyght. \u00b6And at Brys\u00a6towe were drawe\u0304 and hangyd / Syr Henry of wemyngton / & syr Henry Moun\nSO whan kynge Edwarde of Englon\u00a6de had brought the floure ofThey might do whatever they liked with him, therefore the king gave Sir Hugh Spencer the earldom of Wynchester and Sir Andrew Herkelf the earldom of Cardiff. So they advised the king much that the king took into his own ward all the goods of the lords who were put wrongfully to death into his own hands. And as well they took the goods that were within the church, as those that were without, and let them be put in his treasury in London, and let them call him for fees. And by their counsel, the king disinherited those who should have had the goods, and through their counsel, he appointed a tally of all the goods of England, wherefore he was the richest king that ever was in England. After William Bastard, it conquered England. Yet through their counsel, it seemed to him that he had not enough. But he made every town of England find a man of arms on their own costs, to go and wage war upon the Scots.his enemies reasoned that King Henry went into Scotland with a hundred thousand men of army at Wysountide in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ M.C.C.xxii. But the Scots retreated and hid in mountains and woods, carrying the Englishmen from day to day, preventing the king from finding them in open field. As a result, many Englishmen who had little provisions died there from hunger suddenly in going and coming, particularly those who had been against Thomas of Lancaster and robbed his men on his lands. When King Edward saw that provisions failed him, he was greatly displeased because his men were dying and he could not engage his enemies. At last, he returned to England, and immediately after came James Douglas and Thomas Radulf with a huge host into England into Northumberland. With them came the Englishmen who had been driven out of England, and they came and robbed the country, killed the people, and burned the two towns calledNorthallerton and many other towns to York. And when the king heard this news, he let so many all manner of men travel. And so the English met the Scots at the abbey of Beverley the fifteenth day after Michaelmas. And in the same year above said, and the English were there defeated. And at this defeat was taken Sir John of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, who held the country and the earldom of Lancaster. After he paid a large ransom and was let go. And after that he went to France and came no more again.\n\nThen at that time was Sir Andrew Harclay, the new Earl of Carlisle, made Earl for the cause that he had taken the good Earl Thomas of Lancaster. He had been ordered through the king's commandment of England to bring all the power he could to help against the Scots at the abbey of Beverley. And when the false traitor had gathered all the people he could and should have come to the king to the abbey of Beverley, the false traitor led them away.And they passed through Country by Copeland and through the earldom of Lancaster, going through the forest and robbed and killed all they could. Furthermore, the false traitor had taken a great sum of gold and silver from Sir James Douglas to be against the king of England and helping and holding with the Scots, through whose treason the king of England was defeated at Biegland or he came there. Therefore, the king was very angry and privately inquired about it through the country. And some men inquired and discovered, so at last the traitor was found and seized. He was Sir Andrew of Harkeley, as the good earl of Lancaster had told him he was put in charge of. And so it was, as the holy ma'am said. Therefore, the king sent privately to Sir Anthony of Lucie, a knight of the country of Cordoba, to take Sir Andrew of Harkeley and bring him to death.The king sent his commission, and Andrew was taken at Cardoil and brought to the bar, dressed and prepared as a worthy earl. Sir Anthony spoke in this way: \"Sir Andrew said that the king had bestowed upon him as much as you had reported in his death. He did great honor to the earl of Cardoil. And as a traitor to your lord, you led away the people of your country who should have helped him at the battle of Beyghel. You led them away through the earldom of Lancastle. Therefore, our lord the king was discomfited there by the Scots because of your treason and falseness. If you had come in time, he would have had the battle and the treason you committed for a great sum of gold and silver that you received from James Douglas, the king's enemy. Our lord the king will have it known that you have received the order of knighthood by which you received all your honor.\"worship upon thy body be brought to nothing and thine estate undone. That other knights of lower degree beware, for this lord has greatly offended in diverse countries of England, and all may take example by their lord afterwards. Truly, to serve. He commanded a knave immediately to hew off his spears from his heels and after let him break the sword over his head. The king gave him command to keep and defend his land with it when he made him Earl of Cardoill. And after he let him be unclothed of his furred tabard and of his hood, and of his furred coats, and of his girdle.\n\nAnd when this was done, Sir Anthony said to him, \"Andrew, thou art no longer a knight but a knave, and for thy treason the king will that thou shalt be hanged, drawn, and quartered, and thy head smitten off, and thy bowels taken out and burned before thee, and thy body quartered and thy head sent to London, and there it shall stand upon London Bridge.\"Four quarters were sent to four towns in England, a warning for all others to heed and be punished. And as Anthony had said, this was done on the last day of October in the year of grace 1532. The sun turned to blood as the people beheld it, and this lasted from morning until the eleventh hour of the clock.\n\nShortly after the good Earl Thomas of Lancaster was martyred, there was a priest who for a long time had been blind and asleep. He was told in his dreams to go to the hill where the good Earl Thomas of Lancaster was put to death. And when he arrived at the spot, he found it devoutly marked by the martyr's prayers. The priest led him to the same place, and when he reached it, the martyr's prayer site, he prayed to God and Saint Thomas, that he might regain his sight. And as he lay in prayer with his right hand upon the same spot where the good man had been martyred, a drop of dry blood and small particles adhered to his hand.With his eyes struck out. And immediately, through the might of God and St. Thomas of Lancaster, he regained his sight. And he thanked the almighty God and St. Thomas. And when this miracle was known among men, the people came from every side. They knelt and made their prayers at his tomb, which is in the priory of Pountfret, and prayed that the holy martyr would be of succor and help to them. And God heard their prayer.\n\nAlso, there was a young child drowned in a well in the town of Pountfret and was dead for three days and three nights. And men came and laid the dead child on the aforementioned Thomas' tomb, the holy martyr. And the child arose from death to life. As many a man saw.\n\nMoreover, many people were out of their minds, and God sent them their minds back through the virtue of that holy man. He also gave back to the cripple their going, and the crooked their hips and feet, and to two blind men their sight. And to many sick people, his holy martyr healed them and they made their pilgrimage.\n\nThe sick man who was present came.They all stripped naked or safely kept their prive clothes. And when they had done, they returned home again into their own country and told of the miracle wherever they came. And two men were healed there by the holy martyr, though evil was held incurable. And when the Spencers heard this, God did such miracles for this holy man that they would not believe it in any way, though he was at Gravenes at Scropton, because the king intended to undo the pilgrimage. And as the rude messenger went to the king to do his message, he came by the hill that he suffered the people to do their pilgrimage at Poultrey, and he counseled the king to shut the church doors of Poultry. In which church the holy martyr was entered. And thus they did, against all fraughts of the holy church, so that for four years after that no pilgrim could come to the holy body. And because the monks suffered men to come and honor that holy body of St. Thomas the martyr.The king, through the counsel of Sir Hugh Spenser and Master Robert Baldock, falsely called Chaucelers, consented that they be allowed their wages and keep ward over their own lands for a long time, with the command of Sir Hugh Spenser. Sir Hugh Spenser's son kept the hill where St. Thomas was done to his death, preventing any pilgrimage from passing that way. He was well on his way to taking Christ's power and the great boons of miracles that he showed for St. Thomas throughout Christendom. At the same time, Robert Baldock, the false cleric, was made Chancellor of England through the intercession of Sir Hugh Spenser's son. Meanwhile, Walington Castle was held against the king due to prisoners within it for St. Thomas's sake. Therefore, the people of the country took the castle from the prisoners. Sir Hugh Sperson.Iohn of Goldyngton and Sir Edmond of Beche, two knights, were taken and sent to Pountfrete, where they were imprisoned. Roger, the aforementioned, was sent to York, and there he was drawn and hanged. Immediately after, Sir Roger Mortimer of Wigmore broke out of the Tower of London in this way. The aforementioned Roger heard that he would be drawn and hanged at London the next day, and officers of the Tower came and supped with him, taking their leave. It was a squire named Stephen who was particularly close to Roger through his counsel. He gave them all such a drink that the least of them all slept for two days and two nights. In the meantime, he escaped a way by water, across the Thames, and went to France. The king was greatly annoyed by this and removed the same Stephen from his Constableship.\n\nThe king then went to London, and through the counsel of Sir Hugh Spencer, the father, and of his son and of Master Robert Baldock,The false clerk falsely seized the Chancellor. He took control of all the queens lands into his hands, as well as those that belonged to Edward his son, and were put in this way, against all reason. This was due to the falseness of the Spencers. And when the king of France learned of this deceit, he was greatly troubled against the king of England and his false counselors. Therefore, he sent a letter to King Edward under his seal, requesting that he come on a certain day to do homage, and summoning him. If he refused, he would lose all of Gascony. It was arranged in England through the king and his council that Queen Isabella should go to France to negotiate peace between her lord and her brother. Oliver of Ingham was sent to Gascony, accompanied by 7,000 men, to be Seneschal and warden of Gascony. And so it was arranged that Queen Isabella came to France, accompanied by Sir Aymer of Valance, Earl of Penbroke, who was already there.Murdred suddenly in apostrophes, but that was through God's vengeance, for he was one of the Justiciaries who condemned Saint Thomas of Lancaster and would never repent of that wicked deed. And all that time, Sir Oliver of Ingham went over into Gascony and did much harm to the king of France, and though King Edward had regained him, he caused even more damage.\n\nThe queen Isabella had only dwelt in France for a quarter of a year when Sir Edward, her eldest son, asked leave to go to France to speak with his mother, Isabella the queen, and his father, the king, granted him with good will and said to him, \"Go my fair son, soon in God's blessing and mine, and think for to come again as hastily as you may.\" He sailed over the sea to France, and the king of France, his uncle, received him with much honor, and said to him, \"Fair son, you are welcome. And for the cause that your father did not come to his homage, for the duchy of Guyon, as his ancestors were wont to do, I give it to you.\"that the lordship holds it in heritage from me, as all manner of subjects did before, for which he was called duke of Guyon.\n\nKing Edward of England learned that the king of France had granted the duchy of Guyon to Sir Edward his son without his consent or will. Having received the duchy, Edward became extremely angry and sent a letter to his son and Queen Isabella, urging them to return to England as soon as possible. Queen Isabella and Sir Edward were greatly afraid of the king's menaced wrath, primarily due to the falsehoods of the Spencers, both the father and the son. They refused to come, which further enraged King Edward. He made an announcement at London that if Queen Isabella and Edward, his eldest son, did not come to England, they would be considered enemies to the realm and the English crown. Consequently, both the mother and her son were exiled.\n\nWhen the queen, however,Her text refers to Queen Isabella and Edward, her son, summoning King Edward and those exiled from England for the cause of Thomas of Lancaster. Queen Isabella and Edward were alarmed, not knowing what to do. They sought counsel among themselves and other exiled knights, including Sir Roger of Wigmore, Sir William Trussell, Sir John Cromwell, and many other noble knights. Their plan was to arrange a marriage between the Duke of Guienne, the king's son of England, and the earl's daughter, a noble knight named Henaude. If this marriage could be achieved, they believed, with God's help, they could recover their heritage in England, which they had lost through the false connections of the Spencers.\n\nCleaned Text: Her text refers to Queen Isabella and Edward, her son, summoning King Edward and those exiled from England for the cause of Thomas of Lancaster. Queen Isabella and Edward were alarmed, not knowing what to do. They sought counsel among themselves and other exiled knights, including Sir Roger of Wigmore, Sir William Trussell, Sir John Cromwell, and many other noble knights. Their plan was to arrange a marriage between the Duke of Guienne, the king's son of England, and the earl's daughter, a noble knight named Henaude. If this marriage could be achieved, they believed, with God's help, they could recover their heritage in England, which they had lost through the false connections of the Spencers.Sir Hugh Spenser the son spoke to Sir Hugh the father in this manner. Father cursed the timing and the counsel that you presented, that Queen Isabella should go to France to negotiate an accord between the king of England and her brother, the king of France, for such was your counsel. At that time, for such was your wit, I feared greatly, lest through her and her son we would be destroyed.\n\nBut if we take better counsel. Now, fair sirs, understand how merciless felony and falsehood the Spencers engineered and committed. They secretly filled five barrels with iron, the same amounting to 5,000 pounds, and they sent those barrels over the sea as secretly as they could. But almighty God would not allow it, for when this Arnold was in the high sea, he was taken.\n\nKing Edward heard tell that Queen Isabella and Edward her son would come into England with a great power of allies. And with them were outlaws from England for their rebelliousness. He was sore afraid.The king intended to maintain his kingdom in Wales as well as in England, with provisions and their retainers. At the feast of Decollation of St. John the Baptist, citizens of London sent to the king at Bristol a thousand men of arms. He also commanded, through letters, that every hundred and twenty should be put in twenties, and in every hundred twenties. He commanded all these men to be ready when any shout or cry was made, to pursue and take the allies who came into England to help him regain his kingdom. He also let it be proclaimed through his patent in every fair and every market of England that Queen Isabella and Sir Edward, his eldest son, and the Earl of Kent, were to be taken. They were to be safely kept without any harm to them, and all other manner of people who came with them. Anyone who brought Sir [name] was to be taken without any ransom.Roger Mortimer, head of Wigmore, should have had a hundred pounds for his travel. And furthermore, he ordered, with his parents' consent, that a fire be made on every hill beside the rivers and in low-lying areas. This was to make high beacons of rimed wood. If the allies came to land by night time, then the inhabitants thereabout should endeavor to light and kindle the beacons, so that the country may be warned and come and meet their enemies. In the time of his death, Sir Roger Mortimer's horse fell in the Tower of London.\n\nQueen Isabella and Sir Edward, her son duke of York, Earl of Kent, and Sir John, the earl's brother of Henault and their company, did not fear the king's menace nor that of his traitors. They trusted in God's grace and came to her within Southwark on the 23rd day of September in the year of grace 1426. The queen and Sir Edward her son sent letters to the Mayor and commonalty of London requestingIsabella, by the grace of God, Queen of England, Lady of Ireland, and Countess of Pountfyre, and Edward, the eldest son of the King of England, Duke of Guynes, Earl of Chester of Pountfyre, and of Moustroyl, to the Mayor and all the commonality of the city of London, sending greetings, as we have before this time sent to you by your letters, informing you of our arrival in this land in good array and in good manner, for the honor and profit of holy church and of our dear lord the king and all the realm, with all our might and power, to keep and maintain, as we and all the good people of the aforementioned realm are bound to do. And upon that we pray you thatYou shall be helpful to us as much as you can in this quarrel, which is for the common profit of the aforementioned realm. And we have had no answer from the aforementioned letters that you have sent to us. For truly, we and all who have come with us into this realm, think of doing nothing but that which is for the common profit of all the realm. But only to destroy Hugh Spearour, our enemy and enemy to all the realm, as you well know. Therefore, I pray and charge you in the faith that you owe to our liege lord, the king, and to us, and upon all that you may owe us fairly, that if the said Spearour, our enemy, comes within your power, that you take him hastily and safely keep him until we have ordered for him. Understanding well that if you do this our prayer and strict command, we shall reward you with honor and profit for us and for all the realm.think on it all the more, considering your willingness. And you shall gain respect and profit. If you promptly respond with your intention by the sixth day of October at Baldok. This letter, at the dawn of the day of St. Denys, was seized upon the new cross in Chepe, and many tops of the same letter were seized upon windows and doors, and upon other places in the city of London, so that all men passing by the way might read and see it. And at the same time, King Edward was at London in the tower at his meal. And a messenger came into the hall and said that Queen Isabella had arrived at Harwich. She had brought in her company Sir John of Henande and with him me, bearing arms without name. And with that word, Sir Hugh Spencer, your father, spoke, and thus to the king he said: \"My most worthy lord and king of England, now make a warm welcome for certainty they are all ours.\" The king saw this word comforting, yet he was deeply sorrowful and pensive in his heart. And the king.Had not yet finished eating when another messenger came into the hall and said that Queen Isabella had arrived at her lodgings beside Wytsweete in Southwark. Sir Hugh Spencer, the father, spoke to the messenger and said, \"Tell the truth in good faith, my fair friends: has she come with a great strength?\" At the same time, King Edward was greatly alarmed, lest the men of London would yield to Queen Isabella and her son Edward. Therefore, he appointed Master Walter Stapilton, his treasurer, to be warden and keeper of the city of London, along with the Mayor. The citizens answered and said that they would keep the city for the honor of King Edward and of Queen Isabella, and of the duke, the king's son, without any more. The bishop was greatly displeased and swore oaths that they should abandon it immediately upon King Edward's return from Wales. The citizens of the city seized the bishop and led him immediately amidst the Chepe, and there they struck off his head and set it up on a pole.King Edward had his heed in his right hand, and with it, he summoned the citizens of London through two of his squires: the Bishop, whose new name was William of Wakefield, and the other was called John of Paxton. They also took a burgher of London named John Mershall. Hugh Spencer, Sir, saw the father and struck off his head at that very moment. At the time, the Bishop had a fair tower under construction in his London close, on the River Thames, without the support of twelve arches, to help and hasten Queen Isabella to her death. Edward and his son were also there. Arnold was put to death outside the city.\n\nKing Edward had sent Master Walter Stapilton, his treasurer, to London to keep the city for him against Queen Isabella, his wife, and against Edward, his son. Edward himself took with him Sir Hugh Spencer, Sir John of Arundell, and Master Robert Baldock, his chancellor, a falsely titled clerk, and they set off for Wardrobe.And the king stayed a little time and made Sir Hugh Spencer the Constable and keeper of the castle. The king and Spencer went to ship and sailed to Wales and took leave of the king's Steward and none of the king's household. They went into Wales to confront Dame Isabella the queen, the duke her son, the Earl of Kent, and Sir John Hendon. He pursued them, and their power increased every day. At last, the king was captured on a hill in Wales, and Sir Hugh Spencer, his son, was captured on the other side of the same hill. The false priest Master Robert Baldock was there beside them. They were brought back to England, as Almighty God would have it. The king himself was put in safe keeping in Kenilworth Castle, and he was kept by Sir Henry, who was St. Thomas' brother of Lancaster, and Sir Hugh the father came and put him in the queen's grace, and Edward her son, the Duke of York. But Sir HughSpenser, after the time that he was taken, would never eat any more food nor drink any kind of drink, for he knew he would have no mercy, only to be dead. And the queen and her council had ordered that he should be done to death at London. But he was so weak from his much fasting that he was near death, and therefore it was ordered that his judgment should be at the Tower, and his head was taken from his body, as well as from Robert Baldock, who was a false priest and the king's chamberlain. And men placed chaplets of sharp nettles on their heads, and two squires blew in their ears with two great bugle horns, so that the sound could be heard more than a mile away. And Sir Hugh Spenser, the king's marshal, bore before them on a spear the army's receiver, as a sign that he was pardoned for eternity. And on the morrow, Sir Hugh Spenser the son was condemned to death and was drawn, hanged, and beheaded. And his bowels were taken out of his body.And Brent, after this, was quarantined, and his four quarters were sent to the four towns of England, and his head was sent to London Bridge. And this Simon, for causing his displeasure towards Queen Isabella, was drawn and hanged in a cart in the midst of Sir Hugh Galowes. And the same day a little from thence, Sir John of Arundell was beheaded because he was one of Sir Hugh Spencer's counselors. And immediately after, Sir Hugh Spencer's father was hanged and beheaded at Bristow, and afterwards was hanged by the armies with two strong ropes. And on the fourth day after, he was hewn into pieces, and hounds ate him. And because the king had given him the earldom of Winchester, his head was sent there and put on a spear. And the false Baldok was sent to London and there he died in prison among thieves, for men did him no more reverence than they would do to a hound. And so died the traitors of England, blessed be almighty God. And it was no wonder, for through their counsel the good Earl Thomas of...Lanchester was done to death, and all who held with Thomas of Lancaster through traitors were undone. And afterwards, the queen Isabella and Edward her son, and all the great lords of England, at one assent, sent to King Edward to the castle of Kenilworth, where he was in keeping under the ward of Sir John Hachin, the bishop of Ely, and of Sir John of Percy, a baron. For the reason that he should ordain his parliament at a certain place in England to redress and amend the state of the realm. And King Edward answered and said, \"The Lord knows it well. Here is my seal. I give to you all my power to call and ordain a parliament where you will.\"\n\nThen they took their leave of him and came back to the barons of England. And when they had the king's patent for this matter, they showed it to the lords. And there was ordained that parliament should be at Westminster, at the Utas of St. Hilarry.And all the great lords of England ordered that the parliament should be convened. And at what day the parliament was to be, the king would not come there for no reason whatsoever, as he had set himself and assigned. Nevertheless, the barons sent to him at one time and another. And he swore by God's soul that he would not come there on foot, whatever the reason might be. It was ordered by all the great lords of England that he should no longer be king but deposed. And he said that they would crown Edward, his son, the elder, who was the Duke of York. He sent messages to the king there, who was in ward under Sir John Earl of Warwick, Sir John of Beaufort, Bishop of Ely, and Sir Henry Percy, a baron, and Sir William Trussell, a knight, who were in the company of Earl Thomas of Lancaster and all the lords of England. I tell you these words: the barons of England at one accord will that you are no longer king of England but utterly have you removed.out of your realm forevermore. The bishop of Ely spoke to King Edward, \"I yield up fealty and homage for all the archbishops and bishops of England and for all the clergy.\" Edward replied, \"Sir John Earl of Garenne yields homage to you on behalf of me and all the earls of England.\" Henry Percy also gave his homage for himself and all the barons of England. Sir William Crusell said, \"I yield up now to you my homage for myself and for all the knights of England and for all those who hold by service or any other thing of you. From this day on, neither I nor the king shall be claimed as a singular man by all the people.\" They then went to London, where the lords of England remained, and Edward remained in prison in good keeping. This was on the day of the Conversion of St. Paul in the 20th year of his reign.\n\nOf King Edward, Merlin prophesied that a goat would come.Should be signified much harm from Hunger and death of people and great loss of his land. And in the beginning of his reign it should be signified much lechery. And he said so. Alas, in the time of King Edward, it was King Edward. He was born at Carnarvon in Wales. For truly, he had horns of silver: and a beard as white as snow when he was made prince of Wales. He gave himself to riot and folly. And Merlin in his prophecy said that there would come out of his nose a drop. For in his time there was great hunger among the poor people and strong death among the rich. They died in strange lands with much sorrow. And after he lost Scotland and Gascony, and while he himself was king, there was much lechery encouraged.\n\nAnd Merlin also told and said that this child should seek the flower of life and of death. He spoke truly. For he saw Isabella, the king's sister of France. And in his time Merlin said that bridges of people should be built upon the ditches of the sea.and that was well seen at Bannockburn in Scotland, when he was discovered there by the Scots; and Merlin also told that stones would fall from castles, and many towns would be made plain. And he spoke the truth; for when King Edward was discovered in Scotland and came southward, the Scots besieged the castles, did them much harm, and burned towns into the ground. And after that Merlin told that an eagle would come from Cornwall, which would have golden feathers; this proud man of Cornwall would have no peer, and he would scorn lords of blood. Afterward, he was heeded at Gauersich through the earl of Lancaster and the earl of Warwick. Merlin also told that in his time it would seem that the beer would burn, and that battle would ensue.should be on an arm of the sea in a field / arrayed like a shield where should die many white heads. And he said so. For by the brining of the beer it signified great fear through the clashing of swords at the battle of Myton / for the Scots came in a shameful manner, and he should overcome them / and clothe him in a lion's skin / should win again what he had lost and more through people who would come from the northwest / that would make him fearsome. And he would avenge himself upon his enemies through the counsel of two owls / the first should be in the northwest and a cousin to the king and his uncle's son. And by law he made the king lose much land / the which he had willingly purchased. Until at last the king took it back in shame / and he himself regained what he had lost and more through people who came from the northwest. The king and the Spencers and the earl of Arundel and their power met with Thomas of Lancaster and Humfrey.theyr co\u0304\u2223pany to burbrugge metinge with syr Andrew of Herkela / that is callyd the vnkynde outpul\u2223ter / and also syr\u25aa Symonde warde erle of yor\u2223ke came and mette with Thomas of Lancas\u00a6tre with an huge power / and the\u0304 dyscomfyted & in that scomfyture the erle of Herforde was slayne vpo\u0304 the brydge cowardly wyth spere in the foundement. and the erle Thomas was ta\u00a6ke & ladde vnto Pou\u0304fret. and tho was heedyd besyde his owne castell. But afterwarde ma\u2223ny hym sought for myracles that god dyde for hym. \u00b6And in that tyme Merlyn sayd. for so\u00a6rowe and harme shold deye a people of his lon\u00a6de / wherfore many londes shold be vpon hym the more bolder / and he sayd sothe for bycause of his barons that were doone to dethe for say\u0304t Thomas quarell of Lancastre. peple of many londes became the bolder / for to meue werre v\u00a6po\u0304 the kyng / for theyr blood was torned to ma\u00a6ny nacyons. And afterwarde Merlyn tolde & sayd that the forsayd owles sholde doo moche harme vnto the flour of lyf and deth / and they shold brynge her toThe queen/moche disease. So she should go over sea to France. to make peace for the flower's delight. And there she should stay until her seat came and fetched her. And though they should both stay until the time that they should be clothed with grace. And the two owls she should seek and put to pitiful death. And that prophecy was well known and true. For Sir Hugh Spencer the father and Sir Hugh the son caused much sorrow and persecution to Queen Isabel through their procurement to her lord the king. So they arranged among themselves that she was waylaid. That is, 20 shillings in the day, wherefore the king of France, her brother, was greatly annoyed and sent letters to King Edward to come to his parliament in Paris in France. But King Edward was greatly afraid to come there, for he thought he would be arrested until he had made amends for the transgressions Sir Hugh Spencer the father and the son had committed and for the harm they had done.Queen Isabella and Spenser acted against King Edward to his people. And Merlin also said more that the court should be put in great distress and in great anguish, and that he should lead his life in sorrow. This was true, for after the time that King Edward was taken, he was kept in custody until the Spencers were put to death. Additionally, because he would not come to his parliament in London as he had ordained and assigned himself to his barony, and because he would not govern and rule his people and his realm as a king should, some of the barons of England gave up their homages to him, and all the others in the realm did the same, on the day of the conversion of St. Paul in the twentieth year of his reign. And they deposed him from his royalty forever.\n\nLodowicus became Emperor after Henry IV, for which the pope, with much labor and many perils, deposed him.The church chose him instead of Frederick, the duke of Ostreich. And he overcame the duke and remained in residence until the end, in great peril to his soul. And at last, Carolus was chosen instead, who prevailed, and suddenly Lodowic fell from his horse and died. John Mandeville, a doctor of physics and a knight, was in England around this time. He made a remarkable pilgrimage, traveling almost around the whole world. He wrote down his deeds in three languages and died, and was buried at St. Albans. Benedictus XXII was pope after John VII years and more. This man was a monk, and throughout his long life he was of good conduct and a doctor of divinity. When he was made pope, he reformed the Order of St. Benedict in that which was necessary, and he was a harsh man in granting favors, lest he had granted it to an unworthy man. He made a decree, which began, \"Benedictus Deus in donis suis.\" He was very cruel in faith.that of some little Lloyd, he was so stout a man that almost he would not know his own cousins.\nAnd after this, King Edward Carnavon reignced, Sir Edward of Windsor his son. The latter was crowned king and anointed at Westminster through the counsel and consent of all the great lords of the realm. The Sunday in Candlemasse eve. In the year of grace M.CCC.xxvi. He was of age at that time but only fifteen years. And because it (his father) was in ward in the castle of Kenilworth and also deprived of his royalty, the realm of England was without a king from the feast of St. Catherine until the feast of Candlemasse. And there were all manner of pleas of the king's bench present. And he was commanded to all the sheriffs of England through writing to warn the parties through summons again. And also furthermore, that all prisoners who were in the king's jails, attached through sheriffs, should be let go free.\n\nKing Edward after his coronation, atthe prayer / & bese\u2223chynge of his lyege of ye reame grau\u0304tyd them a chartre of stedfast peas to all them that wol\u2223de it axe / And syr Iohnn of Henaude. and hys company toke his leue of the kynge & of the lor\u00a6des of the reame. & tornyd home to theyr owne cou\u0304tre ayen. And eche of them hade full ryche yeftes. euery men as he was of value & estate. \u00b6And tho was Englond in rest & peas / & gre\u00a6te loue bytwene the kyng & hys lordes. And co\u00a6mynly englysshmen sayd amonges them that the deuyll was dede but the innumerable / tre\u00a6sour of the kyng his fader / & the tresour of the Spensers / both of the fader & of the sone / and of the erle of Arundell / and of mayster Robert Baldok that was the kyng{is} chau\u0304celer was de\u00a6partyd after the quene Isabelles ordynaunce & syr Roger Mortymers of wygmore / so that the kynge hadde noo thynge therof. but at her wyll & her delyuerrau\u0304ce / ne of theyr lo\u0304des as af\u00a6terwarde ye shall here. \u00b6How kynge Ed\u2223warde we\u0304te vnto sta\u0304thop for to mete ye scottes.\nANd yet in the same tyme was theKing in the castle of Kenilworth, under the keeping of Sir Henry, who was brother of Earl Thomas of Lancaster. The king granted him the earldom of Lancaster, which his father had seized and taken from Thomas of Lancaster's brother. Thus, he became Earl of Lancaster and of Leicester, and also Steward of England, as his brother was in his time. But King Edward's father, Edward, caused endless sorrow, for he could not speak with his wife or his son. Therefore, he was much distressed, for though it was so that he was led and ruled by false counsel, yet Edward's brothers had secretly brought about the capture of a friar named Dunstan the Friar. He was taken and put in the king's father's custody through the king's command. Delivered by Sir Thomas Berkelay, Edward was taken from the castle of Kenilworth to the castle of Berkelay and kept safely there.After Esther's coronation, King Edward ordered a large army to fight against the Scots. Sir John, the Earl of Hanover, came from beyond the sea to help King Edward, bringing with him 7,000 men of arms. They arrived at Douver and waited there until they reached York. The king stayed there, and the Scots came to him to make peace. However, the accord did not last long between them. At that time, the English were all dressed in coats and hoods painted with letters and flowers, and long beards. In response, the Scots made a jest by attaching a bylaw to the church doors of St. Peter's Towardsgate. It read: \"Long beards, heralds, painted coats, witless jesters, make England thieves.\"\n\nOn the Trinity day next after, the conflict began in the city of York between the English and the Hanoverians. In the debate, some were killed.During the earldom of Nicholl and Murdred, there were about 80 men. After they were buried in St. Clement's church in Folgate, the Scots had assembled all their power and came into England, slaughtering and robbing all they could take. They burned and destroyed all the North country, reaching the park of Se Scottes. The Scots were held in a besiegement there, but when the king learned through spies where the Scots were, he quickly assembled an army within the aforementioned park, surprising the Scots who did not know where to retreat, causing them great harm. They remained in the park for fifteen days, and supplies failed them on every side. Since Bruce had come first into Britain up to that time, there had never been seen a fairer host, composed of Englishmen, Welshmen, and foot soldiers, who were ordered to fight against the Scots through the instigation of Sir Henry of Lancaster and Sir John Hendaye.I have removed unnecessary line breaks and irrelevant characters from the text. Here is the cleaned version:\n\n\"I have gone over the water to fight with the earl of Marshall, who was King Edward's uncle, about Thomas not assembling with the Scots at that time. He agreed, but was unaware of the dealings between the Scots and Mortimer. Since he was Marshall of England, it was his duty to deal with war matters thereafter. He sent hastily to the earl of Lancaster and Sir John of Henande, instructing them not to fight with the Scots in prejudice and harm to him and his fee, and if they did, they should stand to their own party. The said earl Marshall was fully armed, ready to fight with him and his people if he had gone to fight with the Scots. In this way, he was deceived and knew nothing of the treason. And when it was night, Mortimer had the watch to keep over the host, which that night disturbed the watch, so that nothing could be done.\"the meane why\u2223le the Scottes stele by nyght to ward theyr ow\u00a6ne cou\u0304tre as fast as they myght. \u00b6And so was the kyng fasly betrayed that wenyd that alle ye traytours of londe had ben brought to an ende as it was sayd before. \u00b6Now here you lor\u2223des how tratoursly kyng Edwarde was dys\u2223ceyued. & how meruayllously. & boldly the scot\u2223tes dyde of werre / For Iames douglas wyth two hu\u0304dred men of armys rode thrught out all the host of kyng Edwarde / the same nyght the Scottes escaped towarde theyr owne cou\u0304tree as is aboue sayd / tyl that they came to ye kyng{is} pauylyon / & slew there many men in theyr bed\u00a6des / & cryed Naward naward / and nother ty\u2223me a Douglas a Douglas wherfore the kyng\nthat was in hys pauylyon & moche other e kynge was not taken / & in gre\u2223to peryll was tho the reame of Englonde. and that nyghte the mone shone full clere / and bry\u00a6ghte. And for all the kynges men the Scottes scapyd harmeles. \u00b6And oon the morowe whan the kynge wyste that the Scottes were escapyd in to theyr owne cou\u0304tree he was\"wonderfully and fully he wept with his young eyes, yet he did not know who had done that treason to him. But that false treason I had known about for a long time, as the story relates. Then King Edward came again to York, full sorrowful, and his host departed, and every man went to his own country with heavy cheer and mournful semblance. And the Henauts took their leave and went to their own country. And the king, for their travail, hugely rewarded them. Because of this journey, the king had spent much of his treasure and wasted it. And at that time, two moons were seen in the firmament, one clear, and the other dark, as men could see through the world. And a great debate was taking place at that time against Pope John XXII after St. Peter. And the emperor of the Germans made him emperor again against the pope's will, who held his see at Avignon. Therefore, the emperor made his cry at Rome and ordained another pope, the one called Nicholas.\"A free minor was this, one who was always against the right of the holy church. Therefore, he was cursed. And the power of that other pope soon declined. And now back to Sir Edward of Carnarvon, father of King Edward of England at one time. Alas for his troubles and sorrow that befall him through false counsel. He loved and trusted upon it too much. Later, they were destroyed through their falsehood, as God would have it.\n\nAnd this Edward of Carnarvon was in the castle of Berkelay under the ward and keeping of Sir Maurice of Herkelay and also of Sir John Matreues. To them he made his complaint of his sorrow and of his illness. He often asked his wardens what he had transgressed against Lady Isabella, his wife, and Sir Edward, his son. It was made new king that they would not acknowledge him.\n\nOne of his wardens answered and said, \"My worthy lord, do not be displeased that I shall tell you\"the cause is that if my lady, your wife, came near you, you would strangle and kill her, and likewise your lordship would do the same to my lord your son. Though he answered simply, \"Alas, alas, am I not in prison, and all at your will? Now God knows I never thought so, and now I would that I were dead. So would God, that I were.\" For then all my sorrow would be passed.\n\nIt was not long after that, through the counsel of Roger Mortimer, the king granted the ward and keeping of Sir Edward's father to Sir Thomas Towers and to the aforementioned Sir John Mautravers, through the king's letter. And they took and led the king unwillingly to the castle of Corfe. The king hated this castle as any death. They kept him there until it came to St. Matthew's day in September in the year of grace 1427, when Sir Roger Mortimer sent the manner of his death.And in what way should one deal with death? And as Thomas and John had seen the letter and commandment, they reassured King Edward Carnarvon, providing good cheer at supper and concealing the king's treachery from him. When the time came to retire, the king went to his bedchamber and slept soundly. And as the king lay sleeping, the traitors and their companions entered the chamber privately and placed a large taketh upon his body. With men pressing down, they held the four corners of the table against him. The good man woke up suddenly and was terribly frightened to be dead and slain, and they turned his body over. Thomas and the traitors took a horn and put it into the king's foundation as deep as they could. They also put a copper spit burning and thrust it through the horn into his body. And so they killed their lord, ensuring that nothing was heard.And after he entered at Gloucester, Sir John of Hanbury brought with him Philip, his sister, the earl of Hanbury, her daughter, into England. The king showed her great honor at York. Sir John of Bothum, bishop of Ely, and Sir William of Melton, archbishop of York, sang the mass on the Sunday before the conversion of St. Paul in the year of grace 1427. However, because the king was young and tender in age when he was crowned, many wrongs were done while his father lived. The counselors, who were false around him, advised him to act otherwise, and therefore great harm was done to the realm and to the king. It was decreed at the king's coronation that the king, because of his tender age, should be governed by twelve of the greatest lords of England, without whom.no thynge sholde be doon. That is to say tharchebysshop of Caunterbury / tarchebysshop of yorke / the bysshop of wynchestre / and the bysshop of Her\u00a6forde / the erle of Lancastre / therle Marchall / & the erle of kent / that were ye kynges vncles. & the erle of Garenne / syr Thomas wake. Syr Henry Percy. syr Olyuer yngham and Iohan Rous barons / all thyse were sworne truly for to counseyll the kynge. And they shold answer euery yere in parlement / of that that shold be done in the tyme of theyr gouernall / but that ordynaunce was sone vndoon / & that was mo\u00a6che harme to all Englonde / For the kyng & all ye lordes that sholde gouerne hym were gouer\u2223ned and rulyd after the quene his moder dame Isabell. and by syr Roger Mortymer: and as they wolde all thynge was done / bothe amon\u2223ge hygh and lowe. And they toke vnto theym castels townes londes / and rent{is} in grete har\u2223me. And losse to the crowne. and of the estate out of all mesure.\nKynge Edwarde at wytsontyde in the se\u2223conde yere of this regne thrughe theThe council of his mother, Sir Roger Mortimer, ordered a parliament at Northampton. At this parliament, the king, through his council and no other of the land, granted the Scots the following terms: all the feudal Scotts should do to the crown of England, they were pardoned forever, by the king's charter sealed. Furthermore, an agreement was made between the Scots and King Edward, who was Edward I's son, which they called the regman. In this agreement were contained all the homages and fealties. Firstly, of the king of Scotland and the prelates, earls, barons of the realm of Scotland with their seals affixed, and other charters and remembrances that King Edward and his barons had of their right in the aforementioned realm of Scotland. It was forgiven against the holy church, and also with the black cross of Scotland, which the good King Edward conquered in Scotland and brought out of the abbey of Scone, that is a very precious relic, and furthermore, he related.and fully forgive the land that the noble barons had before that time in the realm of Scotland / by old conquest. And furthermore, this peace was to be held and continued, the Scots were bound to the king in thirty thousand pounds of silver to be paid within three years, that is ten thousand pounds by every earle by Eve's progeny. And furthermore, above all this, the parties above mentioned spoke. David Drytonautyer, who was Robert Bruce's son, the false tyrant and false oath-breaker against his liege lord, the noble and good king Edward, arose against his legal lord. And this cursed David, the aforementioned David, married at Berwick daughter John of the Tower, who was King Edward's sister, as the gestes tell, on Mary Magdalene's day in the year of grace M.CCC.xxviii. To great harm and impoverishment of all the king's blood, from which that fair damsel came. Alas, the time, for wonder much the fair day has dispersed, since she was married against all.The common will and consent of England. From the time that Brute had conquered Albion and named the land after his own name, Britain: that is now called England after the name of Engyst. And so the realm of Scotland was held of the realm of England and of the crown by feudal tenure and homage. For Brute conquered that land and gave it to Albanact, his second son, and he named the land Albany after his own name, so that his heirs, that is, the kings of Britain, should hold of Brute and his heirs. And from that time until the time of King Edward, the title of Scotland was held of the realm of England by feudal tenure and service, as is said more plainly in the Chronicles of England and Scotland. And cursed be the time that this parliament was held at Northampton. There, by false counsel, the king was falsely disinherited, although he was still within his age.\n\nAnd yet when King Edward was put out of his kingship,Englonde yet men put not out of the feautes & seruyse Scotlonde. Ne of the fraunchyses dysheryted hym for euer mo\u2223re. \u00b6And neuertheles the grete lordes of eng\u2223londe were ayenst to conferme the peas & the t tho was the kynges moder Edwarde / and the bysshop of Ely / and the lorde Mortimer. But reason and lawe wolde not that a fynalle peas sholde be made bytwene them without the co\u2223myn assente of Englonde.\nTHen as the for sayde Dauyd had spow\u2223syd dame Iohan\u0304e of the toure in ye tow\u00a6ne of Berwyk as before is sayde / The Scot\u2223tes in dyspyte of ye Englysshmen called dame Iohanne the countesse make peas / for the co\u2223wardly peas yt tho was ordeyned. But ye kyn\u2223ges persone bare all the wyte and blame wyth wronge of makynge of the accorde / And alle was done thrugh the quene / & Roger Morty\u2223mer. And it was not longe after that the quene Isabell ne toke in to her hond{is} all the lordshyp of Pountfret almoste all the londes that were of ony value that apperteyned to the crowne of Englonde / Soo the kynge had not toDispended was the retinue of the king, but of his uses and of his escheater. The queen Isabella and Mortimer had great power in the king's court, and they took the king's prices for her penny worth at good chatelaine's rates. At the same time, the false traitor Robert of Holland, who had betrayed his lord Sir Thomas of Lancaster, was then dead and out of prison. He was in high favor with the queen Isabella and also with Roger Mortimer. But this availed him little, for he was taken at Michaelmas next, as he rode to join the queen Isabella in London. And Sir Thomas Whyter rode beside the town of St. Albans and struck off his head beside the town. Sir Thomas dwelt with Sir Henry earl of Lancaster, and he kept him hidden out of fear of the queen. The queen loved him greatly and prayed to the king for him, that the same Thomas might be exiled from England. The noble earl Sir Henry.Henry of Lancaster frequently heard about the common sword of the English, the disease that was prevalent in England, and various wrongs done to the common people. The king was blamed for these issues, but he was still young and tender in age. He acted as a good man, intending to eliminate the king's disgrace and kill the king's slanderers, if he could do so without the king being implicated. This put his life and limb in danger.\n\nHenry then gathered all his retainers and spoke to them about the king's honor and the need to rectify the situation. Sir Thomas Brotherton, Earl of Marshall, and Sir Edmond Wodehouse, the king's uncles, and men from London, joined him in this cause. Their reason was that the king should maintain his household and his men as a king ought to do, and have all his royal retinue. The common people were destroyed and greatly harmed as a result.And also inquiries were made concerning how and by whom the king was betrayed and falsely deceived at Stanhope. Through whose counsel the Scots went away by night from the king, and how and through whose counsel the ordinances that were made at the king's coronation were put down. That is, the king, for the amendment and help of his realm, and in honor of him, should be governed and ruled by twelve of the greatest and wisest lords of the realm, and without them nothing should be granted or done, as was before said. These councils were maliciously put down from the king, where many harms, shames, and reproaches have befallen the king and his realm. This is to be understood, for as much as Edward, king of England, was once ordered by assent in a plain parliament to be under ward and governance of Henry Earl of Lancaster, his cousin, for the salvation of his body. He was taken out of the castle of Kenilworth, there that he was.in Ward and through Queen Isabella's and Mortimer's color, without Parliament's consent, they took and led away him who never again could speak or see with any of his kin. And treacherously, they murdered him, causing a scandal throughout Christendom when it was done. Additionally, the treasure that Sir Edward of Carnarvon left in various places in England and Wales was wasted and carried away without King Edward his son's consent, in the destruction of him and all his people. Furthermore, through whose counsel, you, King, gave up the kingdom of Scotland, for which kings' ancestors had suffered greatly, and many a noble man for their right, and was delivered to David, Robert Bruce's son, who had no right to the realm. As the whole world knew. And also, through whom the charters and remembrances they had of the right to Scotland were taken from the treasury and given to the Scots, the kings' enemies, to disinherit him and his.successors/and to great harm of his lieges / and great reproach to all Englishmen for evermore. Also, therefore, Dame Joan of the Tower, the king's sister Edward, was displeased and married to David, who was Robert Rus, soone. He was a traitor and enemy to England. Through his counsel, she was taken into our enemies' hands out of England.\n\nMeanwhile, the good earl of Lancaster and his company took counsel on how the points above mentioned could be worsened to the king's dishonor and profit of his lieges, and Queen Isabel, through conjecture and also the Mortimers, ordered a parliament at Salisbury.\n\nAt the same parliament, the Mortimer was made earl of March against the will of the English barons in prejudice of the king and his crown. And Sir John of Eltham, the king's brother, was girded with a sword of Cornwall and called earl of Cornwall. And moreover, Queen Isabel procured so much against her son, the king, that she hadThe ward of the forementioned Sir Edward and his lands. At that parliament, the Earl of Lancaster would not attend, but ordered his forces against Queen Isabella and the Mortimer. Men of London also allied themselves with five hundred men of the army. When Queen Isabella learned of this, Mortimer intended to seize their lands if he could by any means, for he was covetous and had great desire, which was a great pity.\n\nIt was not long after this that the king of France, through the counsel of his donors, sent a message to King Edward of England, urging him to come to Paris and do homage for the duchy of Guienne. And through the counsel of the English lords, King Edward crossed the sea. He arrived in Paris at the Ascension tide, in the third year of his reign, to do homage to the king of France. The king received his homage with great joy and honor. But when King Edward had hastily completed his homage, he was summoned back to England.the queen Isabella quickly brought him back into England on a Wednesday without taking leave of the king of France. He was very angry about this.\n\nNow, you will hear about Sir Roger Mortimer of Wigmore, who desired and obtained a high station. The king granted him the title of earl of March, despite his lordship. He became so proud and haughty that he wanted to abandon and forsake the name that his ancestors had used before, and for this reason, he was called earl of March. None of the English communes dared to call him by any other name, for he was called so by the king's decree. Mortimer bore himself so proudly and so haughtily that it was a wonder to behold. He also disguised himself with wonderfully rich clothes for no reason, both in shape and in wearing. The Englishmen wondered how and in what manner he could contrive or find such pride. And his pride would not last long.Sir Gifford Mortimer the Young, who was Mortimer's son, was called King of Folly, and it came to pass that he held a round table in Wales for all who came, and counterfeited the doing and manner of King Arthur's table, but in truth he failed, for the noble King Arthur was the most noble lord of renown in the whole world in his time, and yet none came after such a one. For all the noble knights of Christendom, who had performed deeds of arms, dwelled with King Arthur and held him as their lord and sovereign. This was evident, for he conquered in a battle a Roman named Florus, and took from him the realm of France and slew him with his own hands. He also fought with a giant named Dynas, and slew him, who had ravished Fair Elaine, King Howel's net being called Lucan, who had gathered against Arthur to fight him.people of Romans and Picts and Sarasians, whom no man could name, and he discomfited them all, as the story tells. And at that time, voices sprang up in England through the conjuncture and ordinance of the Friar Preachers. Sir Edward of Carnarvon, who was King Edward's father, as the tale tells, was alive in the castle of Corfu. Nearly all the commons of England were almost in sorrow and fear, whether it was true or not, for they did not know how treacherously Mortimer had done him in.\n\nAnd it came to pass that Sir Edmond of Woodstock, Earl of Kent, spoke to Pope John XXII at Avignon, and said that Almighty God had often performed many great miracles for Thomas of Lancaster through various maladies, and brought them to their health. Therefore, Sir Edmond earnestly prayed the pope that he might grant him the grace to allow the aforementioned Thomas to be released.The pope replied that Edward should not be translated until he was better certified by the clergy of England and had been seen by their obedience, concerning the suggestion made by the earl of Kent. When Edward saw he could not achieve his purpose regarding the translation, he asked for counsel. He mentioned his brother Edward of Carnarvon and said that not long ago he had been king of England. He inquired what could be done regarding his delivery, since it was common knowledge throughout England that he was alive. The pope commanded the earl, on his blessing, to help with all the power he could, to secure his delivery from prison, and to save his body in every way possible. To bring this matter to a conclusion, he granted him and his company a pardon and all that was necessary.Edmund delivered the message. Edward of Wodstock took the pope's leave and returned to England. When Edward was informed that Edmond had arrived, some friar preachers came and said that Edward's brother, Sir Thomas Gurnay, was holding Sir Edward in the castle of Corfe. Edward hastened as quickly as he could towards the castle and was received by John Dauerel, the constable, whom he greeted and presented with rich gifts to gain his favor and learn of his counsel.\n\nEdmond earnestly asked John Dauerel to tell him privately about his lord, his brother Sir Edward, alive or dead, and if alive, to allow him a sight of him. John Dauerel, a high-hearted and courageous man, responded briefly to Edmond and said that Sir Edward was in good health and under his keeping. He dared not show him to any man since it was forbidden by the king's half-brother, Edward.Edward's son of Carnuariuan, by the command of Queen Isabel and Sir Roger Mortimer, was ordered to show his body to no one but the priest, and to ensure the disposal and inheritance of his heirs. But the traitor falsely lied. He was not in his ward, but was taken and led to Berkeley Castle by Sir Thomas Gurney, at Mortimer's command, until he was dead, as previously stated. However, Sir Edmond of Woodstock knew nothing of Edward's death. Upon receiving this news, he wrote a letter to King Edward, his brother, as his worthy lord. After receiving his brother's letter and pledging to carry out his message faithfully, Sir Edmond took leave of the aforementioned John, and went to his own country and lordship in Kent. As soon as John learned that Sir Edmond had gone to his own lordship in Kent, he set out with all possible speed from Corfe Castle and came to Sir Edmond.Roger received a letter from Sir Edmond, Earl of Kent, which he had sealed and closed with his own seal. When Roger had received the letter, he opened it and read the following:\n\nRespects and obedience, with brotherly affection and submission, to you, Sir Knight, worthy and dear brother, you shall leave prison and be released from your illness. Understand, by your great lordship's command, that I have obtained the consent of all the great lords of England, with their retinues, that is, with arms and treasures innumerable, to maintain your quarrel so far. You shall be king again as you were before, and they have sworn to me on a book, and not only prelates but earls and barons as well.\n\nUpon reading and understanding the might and strength of the letter, Roger's heart burned with wrath.Edmond of Woodstock, Earl of Kent, went to Queen Isabella, who was the king's mother, and showed her his letter, revealing his will and purpose \u2013 that he had conspired and planned to depose King Edward of Windsor, her son, from his royal position and kingdom. Now, certainly, said Sir Roger, she had acted thus, the queen replied, by my father's soul. I will be avenged, she vowed, if God grants me life, in a short time. And with that, Queen Isabella went to King Edward her son, who was at the parliament at Windsor, to amend the wrongs and trespasses among the people of his realm. She showed him the letter that Sir Edmond of Woodstock had made and sealed with his own seal, and asked him, on her blessing, to avenge himself upon Sir Edmond as upon his deadly enemy. The queen was greatly angered against Earl Edmond of Kent and never saw him again.pray until her son sent all haste after him. And upon that, the king sent by letters through Sir Edmond of Woodstock that he should come and speak with him at Windsor all manner things left. But when Sir Edmond saw that the king sent after him with sealed letters, he hastened himself until he came to Windsor.\n\nBut when the queen knew that Sir Edmond was come to Windsor, she prayed and immediately went to King Edward her son. The good earl was arrested immediately and led before Robert of Hamond, who was Coroner of the king's household. And he associated with him Sir Roger Mortimer. And the aforementioned Sir Roger and Sir Edmond, earl of Kent, spoke, and you shall understand that it is done to our knowledge, primarily to our liege lord King Edward of England, almighty God save and keep him, that you be his deadly enemy, a traitor, and also a common enemy to the realm, and that you have been.About many a day. For to make proof of Sir Edward, sometime king of England, your brother, who was put down from his royalty by the common assent of the lords of England, in penalizing our lord the king's estate and his realm. \u00b6The good man answered and said, \"Forsooth, Sir, understand well that I was never a traitor to my king, nor to the realm, & that I do it on God and on all the world, therefore, by my king's leave. I shall prove and defend it as a man ought to do.\" \u00b6Thus spoke Mortimer. Sir Edmond. It is so, for it may not be well denied, and that in presence of all that here be. It shall be well provided. Now had this false Mortimer the same letter that Sir Edmond had taken to Sir John Daueryll in the castle of Corfe to take to King Edward his brother. Sir Edmond knew not of this, nor supposed anything, that Sir John Daueryll had been so false to deliver his letter in such a way to Mortimer. And thought nothing of it.Then Mortimer said to Sir Edmond and showed a letter sealed. \"Do you know this letter and seal?\" he asked. Sir Edmond looked at it closely, taking a long time to examine the seal, as he knew it was his, and thought it was likely just a letter of little importance. He declared openly to all present, \"This, indeed, is my seal. I will not part with it.\"\n\nMortimer then said, \"Sir, here is what he has said, and that he recognizes this as his letter and seal. Now, you shall hear what it contains.\" Mortimer then opened the letter he had folded together beforehand and read it aloud word by word in the hearing of all. When the letter had been read, he said, \"You have heard all that is written here, and he acknowledges that this is his letter and seal. He cannot go back on it.\"cried and yielded, that he should be hanged and drawn, and his head struck off in the manner of a traitor. He and his heirs were disinherited forevermore. And when this was done, and the queen knew that he had been condemned by law, both for life and limb, and his heirs disinherited through open knowledge in plain court, where they thought it good that Sir Edmond be hastily slain without the king's writ or else the king would lightly pardon him his death, and then it would cause them so much sorrow that he was prevented. And the queen, through the counsel of Mortimer, and without any other counsel, sent in haste to the Bailiff of Winchester that they should strike off Sir Edmond Earl of Kent's head without any delay or reprieve on pain of life and limb. And that he should have no other execution. The bailiffs took Sir Edmond out.of prison and laid him beside Wynchester castle, and there they made a gaoler strike off his head, for none other dared to do so. This occurred on the tenth day of October, in the third year of King Edward's reign. And when the king learned of this, he was deeply saddened and allowed the friars at Wynchester to admit him.\n\nAt that time, Sir Roger Mortimer, Earl of March, was so proud and haughty that he held no lord of the realm as his peer. He became so covetous that he followed Queen Isabella, the king's mother, and besieged her with the officers of her household, in the same manner that the king's officers did. He made his seizure, taking both provisions and carriages, and did all this for the sake of extorting money and amassing treasure. He did this without limit in everything he could.\n\nMortimer grew very favored with Queen Isabella, and so.moche loyalty and respect we had from all the great lords of England towards him, as the reason was that King Edward, his father, had been traitorously murdered in the castle of Corfe, as mentioned more clearly in some part of his book about his death. And some of the king's counselors secretly told Mortimer that the king and his council were planning to destroy and undo him, which is why Mortimer was so annoyed and angry against them, swearing revenge against them, no matter how he accomplished it. It was not long after this that King Edward and Queen Philip his wife, and Dame Isabella, the king's mother, and Sir Roger Mortimer did not intend to go to Nottingham for reconciliation. And it happened that Queen Isabella, through Mortimer's counsel, took the keys of the gates.Of the castle of Nottingham. So that no man could come in or out except by commandment of Mortimer/neither the king/nor any of his counsel. And at that time it fell out that the Mortimer, as a devil for wrath, boiled, and also for wrath that he had against the king's men Edward, and primarily against them who had accused him to the king for the death of Sir Edward his father.\n\nAnd privately a counsel was taken between Queen Isabella and the Mortimer, and the bishop of Lincoln and Sir Simon of Bedford, and Sir Hugh of Tippington, and other private members of their council, to undo them all that the Mortimer had accused to the king of his father's death, of treason and felony.\n\nWherefore all those who were of the king's council, when they knew of the Mortimer's casting: privately came to King Edward and said that Mortimer would destroy them because they had accused him of King Edward's death. His father. And they prayed him that he would maintain them in their right.\n\nAnd these were the men:lords who pursued this quarrel, Sir William Montagu, Sir William de Bohun, Sir William his brother, Sir Rauf Stafford, Sir Robert of Herford, Sir William of Clynton, Sir John Neuell of Hornby, and many other of their companions. And all these swore upon a book to maintain the quarrel as much as they could. And it came to pass afterwards that Sir William Montagu and none of the king's friends were allowed to be harbored in the castle by you, advisors, for taking the Mortimer, since you are keeper of the castle and have the keys in your care. And the Constable said, \"Will you understand that the castle gates are locked with the keys that Dame Isabel sent here. And by night she has the keys there and lays them under the pillow of the bed to the morrow. And so you may not come into the castle by the gates, by any means whatsoever. But I know an alley that stretches out from the ward, under the earth, into the aforementioned castle, which goes into the west.\"whichever Lady Isabel the queen / nor her men nor the Mortimer / nor any of his company knew about it. And so I shall lead you through the alley / and so you shall enter the castle without seeing any man who are your enemies. And the same, near Sir William Montagu / and all the lords of his quarrel / and the same Constable also went with them / and made a show as if it were for them to go out of Mortimer's sight. But as soon as Mortimer heard these tidings, he thought they would have gone overseas out of fear of him.\n\nAnd immediately right he and his company took counsel among themselves to let their passage / and sent letters at once to the porters so that none of the great lords should go home to their own countries / but if they were arrested and taken. And among other things, William Eland, Constable of the forenamed castle, particularly led Sir William Montagu and his company by the forenamed way under the earth / until they came into the castle and went up into the tower that Mortimer was in. But SirThey hid themselves fiercely and cried out, \"Traitors! It is all for naught. Those of you who have come into this castle shall die a wicked death, each one. One of them, with a mace, struck Hugh on the head, and his brain burst out and fell to the ground, killing him cruelly. They seized Mortimer as he stood guard at the tower door when they heard their noise in fear. When Queen Isabella saw that Mortimer had been taken, she was deeply saddened in her heart, and she said to them, \"Fair lords, I pray you do no harm to his body, our dear friend and our kinsman.\" They then went and brought Mortimer and presented him to King Edward, who commanded that he be brought in safely. But as those who were conspiring with Mortimer's actions heard this, they hid themselves and, secretly by night, left the scene.The townspeople, each one, with heavy hearts and mourning cheer, lived upon their lands as well as they could. And in the same year that Mortimer was taken, he had nine score knights without quirrees and sergeants of armies, and footmen. Then Mortimer was taken to London, and Sir Edmond of Bedford was taken with him, and was taken to the constable of the tower to keep. But afterwards, Mortimer's life was examined at Westminster before the king and all the earls of England, for fear that danger might fall upon the realm, and to inquire about the charter of Ragman was delivered to the Scots: they were contained in it that the Scots should do ever more to the English king for the realm of Scotland. Therefore, he was judged to be drawn and hanged for his treason. This misfortune came upon him on St. Andrew's day. In the year of the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ, MCCXXX.\n\nNow have you heard how John Ball, in theIn the time of Peas, a man named John was chosen as King of Scotland because he was the eldest son of Earl David of Huntington, who was Alexander of Scotland's brother and died without heir born of his body. John made his fealty and homage to King Edward, the third son of Henry, for his lands in Scotland in the year 1474. And after making his homage through the counsel of the Scots, he sent word to the pope through a false suggestion that he had taken an oath to King Edward over his estate and will. The pope granted him assent to this oath through his bulls.\n\nAs soon as King Edward learned of this, he summoned his barons and went to Berwick, taking the town. At this conquest, 25,000 and 700 were killed. Ballol, who was King of Scotland, came and surrendered to good King Edward. The king then released him from the Tower of London. And all the great lords were present.with it, those taken at Berwick were granted safe-conduct to go into Scotland. And the Scots, through their deceit, waged war against King Edward. When Sir John Beauclerk, king of Scotland, saw this, he went over sea to Dunbar and lived there on his lands as long as he could. Until the Scots were willing to make amends for their misdeeds and trespasses, he lived with King Edward's son. Therefore, the Scots, in their anger towards him, called him Sir John Turncoat, because he would not offend or trespass against King Edward of England again. And so he regained his realm of Scotland and set its price low. And this Sir John dwelt for a long time in France, until he died there. And Edward, who was Sir John Beauclerk's son, had with him a squire from England who was in Yorkshire, who was calledIohan of Barnaby, who was greatly loved by Edward Baylol, was in dispute with a Frenchman in the town of Dunpier. Iohan slew him and hurriedly made his way to the castle to seek support and help from his lord. Officers of the town immediately came to apprehend Iohan as a felon, but Edward his lord helped him and released him, allowing him to leave the castle by night and safely return to England without harm.\n\nHowever, when the king of France learned that Edward had rescued his felon, he became very angry with Edward. He ordered him arrested and took possession of all his lands. Sir Emma Moriage, who was married to David, Robert Bruces son and Joan of Tour's sister from England, should have come into her rightful inheritance in the end, but if it were Edward Baylol who was rightful...Heir of the realm of Scotland. And King Louis of France greatly desired Sir Henry. He was with him in private, intending to make a treacherous move against Sir Edward Balliol, if he could in any way. The king prayed that he would, out of his grace, grant him Sir Edward Balliol's body to the next parliament. He might live on his own rents in the meantime and stand to be judged with his peers at the parliament. The king granted his prayer, and the aforementioned Edward was delivered out of prison in the aforementioned manner. And immediately upon his release, Sir Henry took him with him and led him into England. He made him dwell privately at the manor of Sandhall on the Ouse in Yorkshire with the Lady Despenser. And he arranged for him an immense retinue of Englishmen and also of allies, to reconquer his heritage. He gave much silver to the soldiers and allies to help him.\n\nSandhall, intoScotlonde / to conquer his right and inheritance in Scotland. The king answered and said, if I allow Ballol to pass through my land into Scotland, then the people will say that I am agreeing to the company. Now, sir, I pray you that you would grant him leave to take with him soldiers from England, so that they might safely lead him through your land to Scotland. And, sir, upon this covenant that if it so happens, as God bids, that he is discomfited in battle through the Scots, I and also all the lords who hold with Ballol will be in greater need of our rents in England than we have. And there the king, upon this covenant, granted them pardon, as concerning him, and also those who were of the same quarrel who claimed to have lands and rents in the realm of England.\n\nThat is to say, sir Edward Ballol, who challenged the realm of Scotland. Sir Henry Beaumont, earl.The earl of Angus/Sir David of Stroboly, earl of Atholl / Sir Geoffrey of Mombray, Walter Comyn and many others, who were displaced from their heritage in Stirlingshire when the peace was made between England and Scotland, as previously stated. You should understand that these lords took with them five hundred men-at-arms and two thousand archers, and foot soldiers. They embarked at Rouen. Poor, and sailed by sea until they reached Scotland. They came ashore at Kinneil, 12 miles from St. John's Town. Immediately, they sent their ships back out, so that they would not be harmed, nor impeded, nor should any man go aboard the ships, though they had need, but remain in all perils and not flee, but rather endure death than flee to maintain their true quarrel. When the earl of Fife, a fiery and stern man, heard that Balliol had come to taste the land of Scotland, he came in haste to Kinneil with 3000 Scots to confront him.destroy him/so that he should not come to land / But Sir Edward Ballou and his company there discomfited him / at the which discomfiture Sir Alexander Seton was there slain & many other. The Earl of Fife / was the bridges that they had made over the water of Erne. So that Ballou could not go over / therefore he lodged him there all that night / but little he took of rest. and said to his people / Now, dear lords, you know full well / that we are now lodged between our enemies / and they may hamper us / there is no other bothe but death. Wherefore if we abide still all this night\u00b7 I wene it shall turn us to much harm. For the power of Scotland may every wax and increase and we may not so do. And we are but little people against them wherefore I pray you for the love of almighty god make us bold and hardy and that we may mightily take the Scots this night / & boldly war upon them. and let us pursue them this night. And if they are travelled through us. & see our hardiness. other.Scotts who see us so traumatized and weary will be more eager to fight us. Pursue them relentlessly, so that through God's grace, the world will speak of our chivalry. Sirs, understand well that the entire company that came with Sir Robert Aske granted their consent to this council and were very pleased. They immediately pursued the Scotts, making them extremely weary. Baylloll and his company pressed them hard, causing them much harm and sorrow, preventing them from helping each other due to their small numbers.\n\nBut the Scotts among them said, \"What has now befallen us that this little people under Baylloll's wing causes us so much trouble and sorrow?\" Indeed, it seems that he is working by grace, for he is most gracious in his quarrel, and we shall either be dead or come to him to yield, since his father set no price on us.Among all others, Ballol and his people passed the water of Erne. Robert Swynerton, his son, was fiery and angry, and went forth. They saw the people of armies well armed and went to meet them. They fought and slew and took as many as would remain: Yet they thought it had been the great host of Scotland. And when it came to the morning, they gathered themselves together and rested a while.\n\nMeanwhile, the Englishmen rested. The noble baron Thomas Vescy and the noble baron Stafford rode up and down the hills to keep the entrances of the country. As they rode up and down, they saw a great host of good men arrayed in their wing with helms and shields shining coming upon them. Then the two barons returned to Ballol's people and said, \"Now, for the love of God Almighty, be of good courage, for you shall have battle one right.\"\n\nSir Fouk, the son of Garenne, a baron, also spoke.I have seen many diverse wings, as among Saracens and Jews as among the Scots. And yet I have never seen the fourth part of a wing fight. Therefore, if you will remain with our enemies, we are enough for them. But if we are not of good heart and good courage, we are lost. And therefore, for the love of God, take good heart within us and let us be bold, and think not of our wives nor of our children, but only to conquer our enemies in battle. And through the help of our Lord, we shall overcome them. And with that, the host of the Scots came to ward them seriously, and against Sir Edward Balliol in three battles well arrayed in armor. And fiercely they came to ward the Balliol company. But when Sir Donald, earl of Mar, who was with the Scots, saw all this, he said to Robert Bruce, the son of Robert Bruce, \"Sir Robert, I am ready for you on account of your threat against me.\" Sir Robert replied, \"I speak it in earnest.\"herte / that thyse people that Bayl\u00a6loll hathe brought wyth hym sholde deye wyth dyt hastyly ye shall se for I wyll fyzt they pryckyd theyr stedys fyee Englysshmen ye thousand / felle vnto the grounde echone ouer vpon other into an hepe hors and man bayllol & his men mygh\u00a6tyly stode ayenst theym / & fast slewe the Scot\u2223tes to the grounde / and many they wounded / soo longe / tyll that they stode vpon theym and foyned theym wyth theyr swerdes and speres thrughe theyr bodyes / and fulle sore they were trauaylled vppon theym / tylle that they beca\u2223me wonder wery / and wyste not what for too doo. And the Scottes that were lete alyue fledde awaye / for to saue them selfe in the beste manere that they myght. And tho pursued the\u00a6ym syre Edwarde baylloll and hys men / and slewe of theym tyll it was nyght. And fro the\u0304s they wente to Saynt Iohannes towne / and toke it. & helde them there and vytaylled them self at there owne wyll / for they fou\u0304de ynough wherwith to make mery. Tho made Baylloll his men yt were wondedgo to ship/sail into England/to help heal their wounds. And in that time, there was a fleeing in the sea. A strong thief, and a robber called Crab, and this fleeing was driven out of Flanders for his wickedness, and therefore he came into Scotland to join the Scots. He did as much harm to the Englishmen as he could. And Crab met Billols men in the sea who were wounded before in battle and were being sent again into England to heal their wounds. This Crab gave them a get-away assault and wanted to kill them each one. But the Englishmen defended themselves well and manfully and discomfited Crab and his company. He then fled into Scotland.\n\nAnd as he approached St. John's town, he found a great company of Scots who had come together again after the discomfiture at Gaskemore. They besieged Billol and his men in the same town of St. John. And immediately, the Scots were told how he had been discomfited by the Englishmen, who were wounded at Gaskemore.that went towards England; for their wounds they told the Scots that they should have no power or might nor grace against Edward Balliol, because he had discomfited and impaired all the chivalry of Scotland with a full hand of men, as to the lords, ladies, and gentles of Scotland came very quickly to St. John's town and yielded themselves to Balliol. And to him they did homage and fealty for their sins and gave them their lands, which he received freely. And from thence he went to the abbey of Scone. There he was crowned king of Scotland, and after he let his peas cry through all the land. And at that same time it happened that King Edward held his parliament among his lieges at the new castle upon Tyne to amend the trespasses and wrongs that had been done in his land. And Sir Edward Balliol, king of Scotland, came to him there and did homage and fealty to him for the realm of Scotland. In this manner, King Edward of England gathered again his homages.Features of Scotland / where he was put out / through the counsel and assent of Dame Isabella his mother / and of Sir Roger Mortimer, earl of March. Ballol, king of Scotland, took his leave of King Edward of England / and went then to his own land of Scotland / and set little by those who had counseled him / and helped him in his quarrel. Therefore they left him / and lived by their own means and rents in Scotland.\n\nAnd so it happened afterwards not long after / that the king of Scotland did not remain / and came to the tower of Annan / and there took up his dwelling. And Thyder came to him a company of knights strong men and worthy / and yielded them to the king. And they bore themselves so faithfully in deed and in courtesy / that he trusted much upon them. And immediately as the traitors saw that he trusted much upon them / they ordered among them fifty in a company / and would have slain their lord the king. But through the grace of almighty God / he broke through a wall / an opening in it.chamber/ and as God would have it, they discovered their treachery/ and all his men were killed/ and he escaped with much fear to the town of Cardolly/ And there he was greatly annoyed. This happened on our lady's eve. / King Edward Balliol of Scotland sent to King Edward of England/ how falsely and traitorously he was, in little time, put to shame and sorrow through his liege men/ upon whom he trusted greatly. He begged him, for the love of God, to maintain him and help him against his enemies. The king of England had great pity for him/ and promised to help him and support him. He set him word that he should remain in the aforementioned city of Cardolly/ until he had gathered his power. / King Edward of England ordered a council at London/ and let his men gather in various shires of England. And when he was all ready/ he went towards the town of Berwick upon Tweed/ and there came to him King Edward Balliol of Scotland with his power/ and besieged the town/ And made an agreement.without the town of Paulyons, they surrounded it and ditched them all around, so that they had no fear of the Scots. They made numerous assaults on the town. With it, they destroyed many fair houses and churches also were brought down to the earth with great stones. Yet the Scots kept the town well, so that the two kings could not stay there for long. No town failed to yield, and they were so weary of waking up that they did not know what to do. And you shall understand that the Scots within the town of Berwick, through coming counsel and their own consent, let it be proclaimed on the walls of the two towns that they might have peace with the English, and they prayed the king for his grace and mercy and true truce for eight days on this covenant. If they were not rescinded on this side of the town towards Scotland by the Scots within eight days, they would yield themselves to the king and the town also. And to hold this truce.The townspeople of Berwick provided the king with twelve hostages. When the hostages were delivered to the king, the townspeople immediately sent word to the Scots, who came quietly across the Tweed River to the abbey's buy. Sir William Dykes, the steward of Scotland, and many others with him, put the hostages in great danger at that time for their own lives. They crossed a bridge that was about to collapse and many of their company were drowned. However, William and some of his companions crossed over and reached the English ships in Hull. Afterward, they entered the town of Berwick via the water side, which is why the Scots held the town in retreat and demanded their hostages back from the king of England again. The king sent them a harsh reply, stating that they had asked for their hostages after they had entered English territory.for the town was to be retaken by the half of Scotland, and then King Edward was commanded to yield the town or he would have the hostages. The Scots said the town was retaken sufficiently, and they would keep it so, but when King Edward saw the Scots break their treaty, he was very angry. And he ordered Sir Thomas Fytz William and Sir Alexander of Fettercairn, warden of Berwick, who was Thomas's person from Dunbar, to be taken first before the other hostages because Alexander's father had kept the town. And he commanded every day two hostages from the town until they were all done to death. But if they yielded the town and he should teach them to break their treaties. And when the men of the town heard these tidings, they became very sorry and sent to the king asking for eight more days of reprieve. Between two hundred men of the army and twenty men-at-arms.myght they go between them to the town of Berwick, to enable it to be held for ransom. And if more than twenty-one or twenty-two were slain of the two hundred before mentioned, it should not be held for ransom. This convention was to be upheld. They sent to him twelve of the said town as hostages. The king of England granted them their request and took the hostages on St. Margaret's Eve, in the year of grace 1433. The Scots came fiercely well-armed in four wings to meet King Edward of England. And King Edward of Scotland, with their power, came quickly and sharply against him, even near Berwick. At that time, the flood was at Berwick in the Tweed, preventing any man from crossing on horse or foot in the English realm. The Scots remained on their side for this reason, as the Englishmen would have been drowned.\n\nThe Earl of Moray: Iamys Frysell, Simon Frysell, Walter Steward, Reynold Cheyn.Patrik of Greham, Iohan le Grant Iamys of Cordoyl, Patrik Parkeys, Roberte Caldecott, Phylip of Melledrum, Thomas Gylbert, Rauf wyseman, Adam Gordon / Iamys Gramat, Roberte Boyd, Huhhe Park. With 10 knights new dubbed & 6.5 men of arms & 3.5 men-at-arms. In the first part of the battle were these lords: The steward of Scotland, the earl of Moray, his uncle, William Douglas, son of Lindesay. Marcolin Fleming, William of Keth Dnsen, Cankok with 30 bachelors new dubbed. In the second part of the battle were these lords: Iamys Steward of Corden, Alan Steward, William Abbrehin, William Morys: Iamys Fytz, Adam lemost, Walter Fytz, Gilbert, John of Cerleton, Robert wallam with 7 men of arms and 17 men-at-arms. In the third part of the battle of Scotland were these lords: The earl of Moray, the earl of Ruf, the earl of Strathern, the earl of South Ronaldsay, William of Kirkkelay, John Cabron, Gilbert of Hey, William ramsey.Predegest. Kyrston Harde / William Gurde / Arnold Garde / Thomas Dolphyn / with 20 knights newly dubbed. IX.C. men of armies & XV.M. of commons.\n\nIn the fourth ward of the battle of Scotland were these lords: Archibald Douglas / Earl of Lennox, Alexander le Brus / Earl of Fife, John Canbeck / Earl of Atholl, Robert Lawther / William of Vypouynt, William of Lonston, John de Lables / Groos de Sherenlaw, John de Lyndesey, Alexander de Gray, Ingram de Vmfreuille, Patrick de Polesworth, David de wymes, Mychell Scot, William Landy, Thomas de Boys. Roger Mortymer with 20 bachelors newly dubbed. IX.C. men of armies, XVIII.M. & IV.C. of commons.\n\nThe Earl of Dunbar, keeper of the castle of Berwick, helped the Scots with 1,000 men of armies. And Sir Alexander of Ceton, keeper of the said town of Berwick, with a C. men of armies. And also the commons of the town with IV.C. men of armies & VIII.C. of foot men.\n\nThe sum of the earls and lords above said / amounts to 66.\n\nThe sum of bachelors newly dubbed.The army consists of about 1,260. The number of men in the armies amounts to 3,500,000. The number of commons amounts to 133,000 and 3,500. The total number of people mentioned above amounts to 165,740. These 16 and 6 great lords summoned all the other greatest lords mentioned beforehand. Informations about battles, as it is told beforehand, all took place on foot. And King Edward of England and Edward Balliol, king of Scotland, had well-appointed their people in four battles to fight against the Scots, their enemies. The English minstrels blew their trumpets and the clear horns, and the Scottes were terrified. And every English battle had two wings of price archers. The which at that battle shot arrows so fast and so sorely: that the Scottes could not help themselves. And they struck the Scottes thousands to the ground. And they began to flee from the Englishmen to save their lives. And when the Scotts knights saw the discomfiture and the Scottes falling fast to the ground, they also fled.ground they prepared their masters' horses with spurs to keep them from danger & set their masters at one force. And when the Scots saw that they leapt on their horses & pursued the Scots fiercely, they all were slain right there. The valiance of King Edward and his men was evident as they manfully pursued the Scots, who fled in fear. Many a Scottish man was cast down to the ground, and their banners hacked into pieces, and many a good haberdashery of steel in the blood, and many a time the Scots were gathered into companies, but they were always discomfited.\n\nIt came to pass as God Almighty willed, that the Scots had no more courage nor strength against the English that day than twenty sheep among five wolves. And so the Scots were discomfited, yet they were five men against one Englishman. The battle was fought on Halidon Hill beside the town of Berwick. At this battle were:The English defeated the Scots numbering 35,000 and 700, with only 13 Englishmen. This victory occurred on St. Margaret's Eve, the holy virgin and martyr, in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 1432. During this engagement, the English took the plunder of the slain Scots, every man whom they could seize, without any opposition from anyone. After this gracious victory, the king turned back again towards the siege of Berwick. When they were besieged and saw and heard how quickly Edward had moved, they surrendered the town with the castle to him on the morning after St. Margaret's Day. The king then appointed Sir Edward Balliol, along with other noble and worthy men, to be governors and keepers of all Scotland in his absence. He himself turned away and went into England after this victory, with much joy and also honor. In the following year, that is, in the year, ...... (year missing)In the year 1333, Lord Jesus Christ was incarnated. King Edward, in the seventh year of his reign, went to Scotland in winter. During this journey, he recovered the castle of Kilbride in Scotland, along with all the lands and lordships his men held there, against the Scots, at his own discretion. In the same year, Sir Edward Balliol, King of Scotland, held his parliament in Scotland with many noble lords of England, due to their lands and lordships in the realm of Scotland. Balliol held them all in his power. In the eighth year of his reign, around the feast of St. John the Baptist, Balliol and his true subjects made their homage and fealty to King Edward of England for the realm of Scotland at New Castle upon Tyne. This was witnessed by many worthy men and commoners from both realms. Immediately after this, in the same year, King Edward.Edward of Englonde received the duke of Brunete's homage for the earldom and lordship of Richmonde. And following this, in the ninth year of his reign, after Michaelmas, Edward marched into Scotland. The town of St. John was almost besieged by the Scots all winter long. And so, he celebrated Christmas at Rochsbrook Castle. In the same year, throughout England, around St. Clement's tide in winter, there arose such a springing and welling up of waters and floods, both from the sea and from the fresh rivers and springs, that the sea banks, walls, and shores broke up. Men and their beasts and houses in many places, especially in low-lying areas, were violently and suddenly drowned. Fruit was dried up from the earth due to the continuance and abundance of seawater. Later, these waters turned into greater saltiness and sourness or savory.\n\nIn the tenth year of King Edward's reign, King Edward entered the Scottish Sea after Midsummer. And to many of the Scots, he...havere battle / and overcame them. Treated and beheaded many through his courage and hardiness. And next following the feast of St. Michael, the earl of Moray was taken at Edinburgh and brought into England, imprisoned. In the months of June and July next following, in the 11th year of his reign, a comet star was seen and appeared in the firmament, which astronomers call Comet. That star was seen in various parts of the firmament. Afterward, in England, there was good cheap and great abundance of merchandise and commerce. Scarcity of hunger, great need of money. A quart of wheat at London sold for two shillings and a good fat ox at a noble, and five good doves for a penny. In which year died Sir John in\n\nAD 1437 and of King Edward XII, in the month of March, during the parliament at Westminster.King Edward at a late time created the earldom of Cornwall into a duchy and named it the Duchy of Cornwall. This duchy he gave to his first son, Edward, along with the earldom of Chester. Additionally, King Edward made six other earldoms at that same time: Henry, earl of Lancaster's son, earl of Leicester; William Bourchier, earl of Northampton; William Montagu, earl of Salisbury; Hugh Earl of Awdeley, earl of Gloucester; and Robert Utsee, earls of those titles. However, only those who could spend one hundred pounds in rent per year were included in this ordinance and statute. This ordinance and statute had little effect, as it was not enforced.\n\nIn the thirteenth year of his reign, King Edward crossed the sea into Brabant with Queen Philip his wife, bearing a child there. He stayed there for more than a year to treat with the Duke of Brabant and other allies concerning the challenge to the kingdom of France. King Edward of England, by right and by inheritance after the death of Charles the Great, king of France, his brother.Gerymaine, daughter of Queen Isabella, king Edward's mother, who was unjustly held and occupied by Philip of Valois, the emissaries of King Charles, was found ready for him by King Edward and he made a true agreement with him through good faith and trust. After the king had him back in England and left the queen behind in Brabant, in the 14th year of his reign, when all the lords of his realm and others who should have been at his parliament were called and assembled together in the same parliament held at London after the feast of St. Hilary, the king's needs were presented and promoted concerning the kingdom of France. To expedite these needs, the king asked for the fifth part of all movable goods in England and the ninth sheaf of every corn, and every lord of every town where such things should be taxed and gathered was to answer to the king regarding this matter.it and held it at his own lust and will, therefore, if I should know the true truth, the inner love of the people was turned into hate, and the common prayers into cursing, because the common people were so strongly grieved. Also, the said Philip Valois of France had gathered a great host and destroyed many of the king's friends in his parties and kingdom, many other lords, and caused many harms unto the queen. Wherefore, King Edward, when he heard this news, strongly moved therwith and sent various letters over sea to the queen and to others that were his friends, gladding them and assuring them that he would be there himself as soon as he could.\n\nAnd anon, after Easter, when he had finished all things that he needed to do, he went over sea again. Of whose coming, the queen and all his friends were wonder glad and made much joy, and all that were his enemies and held against him made as much sorrow.\n\nIn the same year.time the king, through the counsel of his true lies and the council of his lords, wrote the kinship of Frauce's name and took and combined the king's arms of France quartered with those of England. He commanded the best that could be made to be made, that is, the fleur-de-lis that was called the noble price of 6 shillings 8 pence sterling, and the half nobel the value 3 shillings and 4 pence, and the far things the value of 20 pence.\nAnd in the next year after, that is, the 15th year of his reign, he commanded and let write in his charters writs & other letters the date of France's reign as the first. While he was thus doing and traveling in France through his counsel, he wrote to all the prelates, dukes, earls, and barons, and also to diverse common people, diverse letters & mandates.The text bears the date at Gandaue on the 8th day of February. And soon after, within a little time, he returned to England with the queen and her children. In the same year, on midsummer's eve, he set sail for Ward France again. Manfully and fiercely, he fell upon Philip of Valois, who had long lay siege to him in the haven of Seys and had gathered to him a large and boisterous multitude of various nations. They fought together, the king of France and he with their hosts, from midday to three in the morning. In this battle, thirty thousand men of the king's company of France were slain, and many ships and cogs were taken. And thus, through God's help, he obtained victory there. And then, a glorious chivalry. In the same year, about Saint James's tide, Robert of Artois with men of England and Flanders fought against the duke of Burgundy and the Frenchmen. At this battle, fifteen French barons and eighty knights were slain and taken.ships and barges were taken to the number of CC and XXX. In the same year, the king making and abiding upon the siege of Arras, which was said to have been done through evil spirits instigated by the French, caused the king great sorrow. And he said to our lady in this way: \"O blessed lady Saint Mary, what is the cause that going into France, all things and weather have fallen to me, joyful and liking, as I would have them; but always turning into English ward, all things have become unprofitable and very harmful, unless he escaped all perils of the sea as God would have it. And he came to the tower of London by night.\n\nIn the same year, the king held his Christmas at Meneres and sent word to the Scots by his messengers that he was ready and willing to fight with them. But the Scots would not abide that but fled over the Scottish sea and hid themselves as they could.\n\nIn the 17th year of his reign.About the feast of the Coronation of King Edward when he had been in Scotland and saw that the Scots had fled, returning to England. And a little before Lent, there was a tournament at Dunstable. Though this tournament attracted all the young bachelors and knights of England, along with many earls and lords. At this tournament, King Edward himself was present. The following year, at his parliament held at Westminster during Easter, King Edward the Third made Edward his first Prince of Wales. In the 19th year of his reign, immediately before Lent, King Edward let make noble Justices and great feasts in the place of his birth at Windsor. Such feasts and royalty were present there that none had ever been seen before. Two kings and two queens, the Prince of Wales, the Duke of Cornwall, ten earls, nine countesses, barons, and many burgesses were present, who could not be easily named.London beyond the sea was populated by many strangers. At the same time, when the Justices were completed, King Edward held a grand supper in the White Hall, which he ordered and began, and established the day of the round table to be held annually there at Windsor. Englishmen so much mingled and became acquainted with the foolishness of the strangers that from the time of Henry's coming, eighteen years had passed, and they changed and altered their clothing every year. They wore long, large, and wide clothes, distinct and disconnected from all old, honest, and good usage. At another time, they wore short clothes and tight-fitting, gagged and slit, and on every side tapered and buttoned with sleeves and tapestries of surcoats and hoods that were long and overly hanging. If I speak the truth, they were more like torturers and devils in their clothing and shaking and other attire than men, and the women were even more extravagant in their appearance.for they were so tightly clothed that they left tails sewn within their clothes to feel and hide their arses, which disguisings and pride probably brought forth and caused many mishaps and mischief in the realm of England. The truths he falsely and untruly spread by calumny and disquiet, in the 21st year of his reign, King Edward, through the counsel of all the great lords of England, called and gathered together in his parliament at Westminster, before Easter or indicted him for passing over the sea again to dispose of and distress the rebels of France. And when his navy was assembled and made ready, he went with a great host on the 12th day of July. He sailed into Normandy and arrived at Hogues. And when he had rested there for six days due to the turbulence of the sea and to allow all his men to get out of their ships with all their necessities, he went towards Caen, burning, wasting, and destroying all the towns that he found.And on the 26th day of July, at the bridge of Cadony, Edward waged a manly and noble battle with the Normans. It was a strong and lengthy engagement during which a great multitude of people were slain. The earl of Eve, the lord of Thonkeruyll, and a hundred knights and men-at-arms, as well as six hundred footmen, were taken prisoner. The town and its suburbs, carrying away all they could, were reduced to the bare walls. After the king passed on by the countryside about twenty miles, he wasted all that he found. Philip of Valois perceived this, thinking he was surrounded by a strong host. Yet he would not approach him but broke all the bridges beyond the water of Seine from Royn to Paris and fled to the same city of Paris with all the haste he could muster.\n\nUpon Edward's arrival at Paris bridge and finding it broken, he had it repaired within two days.And in the morning after the Assumption of our lady, King Edward passed over the water of Seynge to Wardes Crescy and destroyed towns with the people dwelling there. And on the feast of St. Bartholomew, he passed over some water with all his host without finding any manner of way or passage. There, two thousand were slain who blocked their passage. Therefore, on the 26th day of August, King Edward, feeling unwell near Crescy, encountered and met with Philip of Valois leading four battalions, the smallest of which greatly outnumbered the English forces. And when these two hosts met, the King of Burgundy, the Duke of Lorain, earls also of Flanders, Dalason, Beaufort, Aumarle, Nevers, and many other earls, barons, lords, knights, and men-at-arms, a total of 54,000 without foot soldiers and other armed men who were not counted, attacked him.Philip, the victorious, drew his people back with him. It was said among his own people, \"Do not all retreat.\" That is, our fair one draws him.\n\nKing Edward and the English, in turn, thanked Almighty God for such a victory after their great labor. They took all things necessary for their sustenance and the preservation of their lives, fearing their enemies. Early in the morning after the French returned with a great host to give battle and fight against the English, the Earl of Warwick, Northampton, and Norfolk, with their company, met and killed 2,000 men and took many gentlemen prisoners. The remainder of the same host fled three miles thence. Three days after the battle, the king went to Calais' ward to destroy all the towns as he rode there. That is, on the third day of September, he began to besiege the town with the castle and continued the siege.from the third day of September to the third day of August the next year after. And in the same year, during the siege of Calais, the king of Scotland with a great multitude of Scots came into England to Newcastle, about St. Luke's day, the Evangelist, hoping and trusting to find the land deserted because the king of England was beyond the sea, save only priests and men of the church, women and children, and plowmen and such laborers. But they found themselves opposed by the grace of almighty God, and so a day of battle was signed between them and certain lords and me of the church who were of the country with other common people near the city of Durham. At which day, through the grace and help of God, the Scots were overcome, and yet they were overcome three times as many of them as of the Englishmen. And there was slain all the chivalry and knighthood of the land.reame of Scotlond. And there was taken as they wolde haue fled thens Dauyd of kynge of Scotlonde hymselfe and the erle of mentyf Syr wyllyam Douglas and many other greate men of Scotlande. \u00b6And after that our Englysshemen whan they had rested theym a fewe dayes and had ordeyned theyr kepers of the North countre. they came to London and broughte with them syre Da\u2223uyd the kynge of Scotlonde and all the other lordes that were taken prysoners vnto the tou\u00a6re of London with alle the haste that they my\u00a6ghte. and left them there in sauf kepynge vnto the kynges comynge and wente home ayen in to theyr owne countre. And after warde was the kynge raunson of Scotlond taxed to an hondred thousande marke of syluer to be pay\u2223ed within .x. yere / that is to saye euery yere .x. thousande marke.\nIN the .xxii\u00b7 yere of kyng Edwardes reg\u00a6ne wente ouer see in the wynter tyme / & laye al ye wynter at the sege of Calays / the whi\u00a6che yere whyle the syege lasted & endured Phy\u00a6lyp the kynge of fraunce caste & purposed tray\u00a6toursly &With fraud, Philip broke the siege on the 27th day of July in the same year, approaching Calais. Philip sent word to King Edward on the last day of July that he would give him a plain battle three days later, around Evesham time, if he dared come from the siege and wait. When King Edward heard this, he gladly accepted the day and hour of battle that Philip had assigned. But when King France heard that, on the following night, he set up camp a fire and departed cowardly. Those in the town and the besieged castle saw this and realized they had no other help or support from King France or his men. Moreover, their supplies within were spent and wasted. For lack of supplies and refreshment, they ate horses, hounds, cats, and mice to keep their faith as long as they could. Among them was found:Last they had nothing among them to eat or live by, nor any support or rescue from the French side. They knew they would necessarily die for lack or else yield the town, and so they went and took down the banners and arms of France on every side that were hung out, and went on the walls of the said town at various places, as naked as they were born, save only their shirts and private clothes. They held their swords naked and the point down in their hands, and put ropes and halters about their necks, and surrendered up the keys of the town and of the castle to King Edward of England with great fear and dread of their lives and goods and fear of heart. And King Edward, as a merciful king and lord, received them to grace. He sent few of the greatest prisoners of estate and governance of the town into England to await their reason, and the king's grace released the entire commonality of the town, who wished to go.in the midst of peas and without any harm, let them remain with all their things that they might bear and carry away, keeping the two and the castle for himself. Through the mediation of Cardinals sent from the pope, truces were made between France and England for nine months. And about Michaelmas, King Edward came again into England with a glorious victory. In the 23rd year of his reign, in the eastern parts of the world, a pestilence and death of Saracens and Paynims arose, which was so great that hardly one in ten was left alive. And in the same year, in the eastern and western countries, there fell so much rain and such great waters that from Christmas to mid-summer there was hardly a day or night that it did not rain some. Through these waters, the pestilence was so infected and so devastating in all countries. And notably around the court of Rome and other places.And see that there were people left living to bury those who had died honestly. They made great ditches and pits that were wonderfully broad and deep, and in them buried the dead, and made a range of dead bodies and cast a little earth to cover them above, and then cast in another range of dead bodies and another above them. And thus they were buried, and none other way, unless it was so that they were men of great estate, in which case they were buried as honestly as they could.\n\nIn the 24th year of King Edward's reign, it came to his knowledge and understanding that a treason had begun at Calais and was being orchestrated to sell that town for a great sum of Florins to King Philip of France through the falsehood and treachery of a knight called Sir Geoffrey of Cherney. When King Edward heard this, he took with him the noblest and gentlest lords and many other worthy men of arms who were present with him.The solemnity of that high feast. And wisely and as privately as he could, King Edward went over the sea to ward Calais. And in that same year, the good king Edward held his Christmas at Havering. And the morning after New Year's Day, the king was in the castle of Calais with his men-at-arms, and none of the allies knew of it. And that false conspirator and traitor Geoffrey of Cherney, since he could not openly carry out his purpose against the castle, came in privately and held the town with a great host. And whoever were with him, he paid the said sum of florins to a Genewyne, the keeper of the town, who was consenting to the same Geoffrey in all his wickedness and treachery, and bound the English minstrels and servants in the castle that they might not help themselves or hinder them. And then, thinking they had enough security, they spoke openly of all their wickedness and treachery.all men could enter. Here's how they were deceived: they came in through a secret posterior entrance over a small bridge of trees. The bridge was drawn up and kept so that no one of them who came in could go out, and no more could come to them. Our Englishmen then suddenly emerged from hidden holes and windows and over the walls of the town and castle and fought manfully against the Frenchmen outside. When they were occupied on their side, the king within the town, having scarcely thirty men of arms, drew his sword and with a loud voice cried out, \"Osaunt Edward. Osaunt George.\" And when the people heard this, they came running to him and gave their enemies such a great assault that there were more than two hundred men of arms and many more slain, and many fled away. And so, by the grace of God Almighty, the victory fell to the English. Then the king took with him:This is Geoffrey, the instigator of this treason, and also many other French prisoners. After he returned to England, there was a great pestilence of men from the east to the west, primarily through bites. Those who fell ill died on the third day. The pope Clement, out of his goodness and grace, granted them full pardon and forgiveness of all their sins. This pestilence lasted in London from Michaelmas until August the following year. In these days, death came without sorrow, marriages without happiness, willing penance, and death without respite. People fled from place to place due to the pestilence, but they could not escape death. After the prophet Isaiah spoke.Whoever flees from the face of fear shall fall into the ditch. And he who extracts himself from the ditch will be held and observed with a green mark. But when this pestilence ceased, as God would have it, only about one-tenth of the people were left alive. And in the same year, a wonderful thing began: all those born after the pestilence had checked in their heads less than before.\n\nIn the 25th year of his reign, around St. John's Day in harvest, near Winchelsea, King Edward had a great battle with the men of Spain. Their ships and navy lay chained together, so they had to fight or be drowned. Gathering together all other worthy men and those from the sea costs near Winchelsea and Romeyny, and our navy and ships ready for war, the English met their enemies coming fiercely against them. \u00b6When the Spanish vessels and navy were closed all around, their men could see a strong battle on both sides and a long one.During this battle, few fought, but they were severely hurt. And after the battle, twenty-three ships were taken, giving the English the advantage. In the next year of his reign, that is, the twenty-sixth year, the king, through his council, ordered and minted new money \u2013 the penny, worth four pence and half the value of two pence. However, it weighed less than the old sterling did by five shillings in the pound. In the twenty-seventh year of his reign was the great famine, known as the dear summer. And in the twenty-eighth year of his reign, a parliament was held at Westminster after Easter. In this year, there was such great drought that from March to July, no rain fell, causing most fruits, seeds, and herbs to be lost. As a result, great sickness among men and beasts, and death followed.vytayls in Englonde that thys londe that euer afore had ben plente\u2223uous hadde nede that tyme to seke vitayls and refresshynge at other out yles & countres. And the .xxix. yere of kynge Edwarde it was accor\u2223ded grau\u0304ted and sworne bytwene the kynge of Fraunce & kynge Edwarde of Englonde that he shode haue ayen all his lond{is} & lordshyppes that lo\u0304ged to ye duchye of guyhen of olde tyme the whiche had be\u0304 withdrawen and wrongful\u2223ly occupyed by dyuers kynges of Fraunce be\u00a6fore honde to haue & to holde to kynge Edwar\u00a6de & to hys heyres & successours for euermore. frely pesybly and in good quyete vpo\u0304 this coue\u00a6naunt that ye kynge of Englonde sholde leue of and releasen all his ryght & clayme that he had claymed of the kyngdome of frau\u0304ce and of the tytle that he toke therof / vpon whyche speche and couenauntes it was sente to the courte of Rome on both sydes of the kynges. that ye for\u2223sayd couenaunt sholde de enbulled. but god or\u00a6deyned better for the kynges worshyp of Eng\u00a6londe. for what thrugh fraude &In the same year, the French duchies, due to the interventions of the people and the Roman court, were left in disarray and the staple of Calais was brought back from Flanders to England with all the liberties, French customs, and other things associated with it. The king himself, by wise and discreet counsel, ordered it to be established in various English places, such as Westminster, Canterbury, Chester, Bristol, and Lincoln. He swore to this himself, and Prince Edward, his son, and many other great witnesses were present.\n\nIn the thirty-third year of his reign, at Westminster in the parliament, it was reported and certified to the king that Philip, who held the kingdom of France, had died. And that John, his son, had been crowned king. And that this John had given Charles, his son, the duchy of Guyenne.kynge Edwarde whan he wyst therof he had greate Indygnacyon vnto hym & was wonder wrothe & strongly meued. And therfo\u2223re afore alle the wrothy lordes that there were assembled at that parlement callyd Edwarde his sone vnto hym / to whom ye duchye of Guy\u00a6hen by ryght herytage sholde longe to & gaue it hym there byddynge & strenthynge hym that he sholde ordeyne hym for to defende hym and auenge hym vpo\u0304 his enmyes and saue & mayn\u00a6tene his ryght. And afterwarde kyng Edwar\u00a6de hymself / & his eldest sone Edwarde went to dyuers places and sayntes in Englonde on pyl\u00a6grymage for to haue the more helpe & grace of god and of his sayntes. And ye .ii. kal of Iuyll. whan all thynge was redy to that vyage & ba\u2223tayll & all his retenue & power assembled & hys nauy also redy he toke with hym ye erle of war\u2223wyk the erle of Suffolk the erle of Salysbury and the erle of Oxforde & a thousande men of armes & as many archers / and in the Natyuy\u00a6te of our lady / toke theyr shyppes at plu\u0304mouth & began to sayll. And whan he come & wasArrayed in Guyon, he was there reverently received and welcomed by the most noble men and lords of that country. And immediately after King Edward took with him his two sons: Sir Lionel, Earl of Salisbury, and Sir John, his brother Earl of Richmond, and Sir Henry, Duke of Lancaster, with many earls, lords, and men-at-arms, and two thousand archers. They sailed towards France and halted for a while at Calais. After the king went with his aforementioned host and other soldiers who remained beyond the sea, the second day of November arrived, and he began his journey towards King John of France, as he believed he would find him there, according to his letters and messages.\n\nBut when King John of France heard tell of the king's coming from England, he went away with his men and cowardly and shamefully fled, carrying off all provisions that England should not have there.\n\nAnd when King Edward heard this,The king pursued him with his entire host until Henede, and upon seeing the scarcity and waiting of supplies and the cowardice of the King of France, he turned back, wasting the entire country. Meanwhile, the Scots secretly and by night took the town of Berwick, killing those who resisted and no one else. But blessed be God, the castle was saved and kept by Englishmen who were there when the king learned of all this. He turned back to England as angry as he might be. In the parliament at Westminster, it was granted to the king of every sack of wool .l. shilling during the term of 5 years, so that he might more effectively fight and defend the realm against the Scots and other miscreants. And when all things were ready, the king hastened to the siege.\n\nIn the 31st year of his reign, on the 13th day of January, the king was being in the castle of Berwick with a few men, but he had a great treasure kept there.King Edward was granted the town without any defense or difficulty. The king of Scotland, that is, Sir John Balliol, considering how God had performed many wonderful and gracious acts for King Edward at his will from day to day, took and gave up the realm of Scotland and the crown of Scotland at Roxburgh in the king's hands of England under his patent letter made there. And immediately after King Edward, in the presence of all the prelates and other worthy men and lords who were there, let him be crowned king of Scotland. And when all things were done and ended in that country at his will, he turned again into England with great worship.\n\nDuring this journey in Scotland, Sir Edward, Prince of Wales, was in Guyenne in the city of Bordeaux, negotiating and speaking of the challenge and of the king's right of England that he had to the realm of France, and that he would be avenged with strong hand, and to the prelates present.and men of that country consented well to him. Then, Sir Edward the prince gathered to him a great host on the 6th day of July and departed from Bordeaux, traveling and traversing through many diverse countries. He took more than 6,000 prisoners with him as he went and took the town of Remorantyne in Salzillon and besieged the castle for six days. At the end of the siege, they surrendered it to him, and there were taken the lord of Cornwall and Sir Bursgaude, and many other knights and men-at-arms, more than 80. And from thence, by Toren and Peten, near Chyney, his noble men who were with him had a fierce battle with the Frenchmen. An hundred of their men-at-arms were slain. The earl of Dunbar and the steward of France were taken with an hundred men-at-arms. In this year, on the 19th day of September, the same prince, with a thousand and nine hundred men-at-arms and archers, ordered a battle against King John.France came to the prince's ward with 7,000 chosen men of arms and many other people, a great number of whom were slain. The duke of Bourbon and the duke of Athens, as well as many other nobles, were among the dead. The prince's men of arms numbered 1,000, and the true account and reckoning amounted to 80,000. It was there that the king of France was taken, along with his younger son Philip and many dukes, noble men, and worthy knights. There were about 2,000 men taken prisoner, and they were set free on their word and honor. The prince took the king of France and Philip his son with all the respect due to them and went back to Bourdeaux with a glorious victory. The number of men taken prisoner and of those slain on the day of battle was 400,000. This occurred in the 32nd year of King Edward.The fifth day of May, Prince Edward, King John of France, Philip his son, and many other worthy prisoners arrived graciously in the haven of Plymouth. On the twenty-fourth day of the same month, about three hours after noon, they came to London via London Bridge and proceeded to the king's palaces at Westminster. So great was the crowd and press of people around them that they could not reach Westminster until madday till night. The king of France's ransom was set at three million scutes; two of whom were worth a nobel. And you shall understand that a million is a million thousand, and according to some men's reckoning was set at three thousand thousand florins, all of which is one effect. And this same year, Justitia was solemnized in Smithfield, in the presence of the King of England, the King of France, and the King of Scotland, and many other worthy and noble lords. The thirty-third year ofDuring his reign, King Edward at Windsor showed respect for knighthood and his own dignity, as well as paying homage to the King of France and other lords present. He held a most royal and costly feast of St. George, surpassing any that had been held before. The King of France, in mockery, declared that he had never seen or heard of such solemn feasts or royalty being displayed without payment in gold or silver.\n\nIn the 33rd year of his reign, on the 4th of July, Sir John Earl of Richmond married Blanche, daughter of Duke Henry of Lancaster, with the Pope's dispensation. In the meantime, three days of Rogation were ordered at London in honor of Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, who had died on that very day.\n\nIn the same year, King Edward chose his burial place and lying-in-state at Westminster, near the shrine of St. Edward. Shortly after, on the 26th day of [an unclear month].October. He went over sea to Calais making protestation that he would never join which time come to King Edward before the strong thieves were on the sea under the Earl of Saint Pol on the 15th day of March and the 3rd day of April. The king came to Paris and there his host departed in various battles with 4,000 knights newly dubbed on that side of him. And Sir Henry, Duke of Lancaster, under truce and peace, went to the gates of the city offering to them that he would abide a battle in the field under such condition that if the king of England were to come there, as God forbid it should, he should not challenge the kingdom of France. And there he had from them short and scornful answers, and he told it to the king and his lords what he had heard and what they said. Then the new knights, with many others, made an assault on the city, and they destroyed the suburbs of the city. While all these things were happening, the Englishmen made themselves ready to avenge themselves upon the French.shame and discord that occurred at Wynsheslea, a navy of 80-100 ships of men from London and other merchants, and 13,000 men of arms and archers, were ordered and sailed, and searched and plundered the sea, holding the island of Caux. The French, that is, the Abbot of Cluny, the Earl of Tankerville, and Burgundy, who was steward of France, with many other men of the same country, by the common assent of Lord Charles, showed this written document to the king and his council. When the king and his council had seen it, it pleased him not at all. But since it would not be otherwise, the Frenchmen urgently and with great insistence asked for truces for the sea costs. And the king granted them.\n\nThe following morning, after the vigils of Easter, the king turned himself with his host towards Orlyacuse, intending to destroy and waste the entire countryside on the way. As they went there, they encountered such a storm and tempest that none of ours survived.The nation never heard of such. Through which, thousands of their men and three thousand horses in their journey were suddenly slain and perished. These tempests were great yet the king and his people feared them not but they went forth in their voyage, for which about the feast of Philip and Jacob in May, the lords of Frauce met the king of England at Carnocu, an agreeable accord and a final one was made on certain conditions and grants specifically written together for both the kings. It was written and made under the authority of Carnocu on the fifteenth day of May. They offered and offered to the king of England requesting his grace for both parties to be sworn, on God's body and on the Evangelists, that the aforementioned covenant should be stable.They granted graciously therefore, and on every side two barons, two baronettes, and two knights were ordered and dressed to admit and receive the others of King Charles of France and Sir Edward, the first son and heir of King Edward of England. And on the tenth day of May, a solemn mass was sung at Paris. And after the Agnus Dei was said with \"Donas nobis pacem,\" it was announced that those who were to admit and receive the oaths and of all others who might be present were to do so. Charles laid his right hand on the patent with God's body and his left hand on the missal and said, \"We swear on God's body and the holy gospels that we shall truly and steadfastly hold toward us the peace and the accord made between the two kings and the crown of Christ to the knights of England.\" They took leave of each other courteously, and the Friday next, the same oath was taken in their presence by the aforementioned knights and other worthy princes at Louvres. Afterward, both kings and their sons and the most noble men of both realms gathered within.In the same year, the same oath was made and taken to strengthen all the things aforementioned, the King of England requested the greatest men of France. He asked for six dukes, eight earls, and twelve lords, all noble barons and good knights. When the place and time were assigned for both kings and their councils to meet, all the aforementioned matters were spoken about to retain and make peace and establish a stable truce. The King of England immediately set sail towards the sea and, at Hounfleet, began to sail, leaving his hosts behind due to his absence, which caused much sorrow. After the 19th day of May, he arrived in England and went to his palaces at Westminster on the feast day of St. Dunstan. Three days later, he visited John, King of France, who was in the Tower of London, and released him freely from all kinds of prison, except for the agreement of three million florins for his ransom. The King comforted him and cheered him up in all places with all solace and mirths.That longed to a king in his going homeward to war. And the ninth day of July in the same year, this same John, king of France, who had been here in hostage, went home again to his own land to treat of those things and other matters that had fallen under the governance of his realm. And afterwards, they met and came together at Calais, both kings with their councils, around All Hallows' Time. And there the conditions and the points of the peace and the accord of both sides were shown, and with a gracious saying, they were accorded. And there was sung a solemn mass and after the third Agnus Dei, on God's body and also on the mass book, both kings and their sons and the greatest lords of both realms and of their councils who were present, and had not sworn before the aforementioned oath, were bound by it. And all other conventions that they had ordained between them.And in the same year, beasts, trees, and houses were destroyed by sudden tempests and strong lightning. The devil appeared in human form to many people in various places in the countryside and spoke to them in that form.\n\nKing Edward, in the 36th year of his reign, immediately after Christmas, held a parliament at Westminster. In this parliament, the accord and treaties that had been established and made between the two kings were presented and displayed. The people were pleased with this accord, so by the kings' command, the English and French were gathered together in Westminster church on the first Sunday of Lent. That is, the 2nd of February. The aforementioned English and French were sung a solemn mass of the Trinity by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Master Simon Issepe. And when the Agnus Dei was finished, the king being there with his sons, and also the sons of France, and others.In this year, noble and great lords, bearing candles and crosses, were summoned and those who had not yet sworn did swear the following oath written upon God's body and in the mass book: \"We, N., and N., swear on God's body and on the holy gospels steadfastly to hold and keep towards us the peace and the accord made between the two kings and never to do the contrary. And when they had thus sworn, they took their scrolls, and their oaths were recorded by the notaries.\n\nIn this same year, around midday during the Ascension, the sun's eclipse was seen. And following this, there was such a drought that due to the lack of rain, there was great burning of corn, fruit, and hay.\n\nIn the same month of June, on the sixth kalends, a bloody rain fell at Burgon. A bloody cross appeared from morning until prime and was seen at Bolyn in the hayre, which many men saw. And after it moved and fell in the midst of the sea.In this time, which was once separated from the Earl of Salisbury due to the same knight's cause ... And around this time, a large company of diverse nations began to gather together. Their leaders and governors were English people, and they were called a people without a head, as they caused much harm in France. Not long after, another company of diverse nations arose, known as the White Company, which in the parties and countries of Lombardy caused much sorrow. In the 37th year of King Edward, on the 15th day of January, that is, on the Feast of the Annunciation around evening time, such a wind arose from the south with such fervor and strength that it shattered and brought down to the ground high houses and strong buildings.Churches and steeples and other strong places and all other works that stood style were shaken with that they have been, and remain, the weaker and weaker while they stand. And this wind lasted without any ceasing for seven continuous days. And immediately after there followed such waters in the high time and in the harvest time that all field works were strongly let down and left undone.\n\nIn the same year, Prince Edward took the lordship of Guyen and did homage and fealty to King Edward his father for it, and went over the sea into Gascony with his wife and children.\n\nAnd immediately after, King Edward made his son Lionel duke of Clarence, and Sir Edmond his other son earl of Cambridge. And in the 38th year of his reign, it was ordained in the parliament that men of the law both of the church and temporal law should from that time forth plead in their mother tongue.\n\nIn the same year, three kings came to England, that is, the king of France, the king of Cyprus, and the king of [unknown].In the thirty-ninth year of his reign, King Scotland came to visit and speak with the king of England. After they had been there for a long time, two of them returned to their own countries and kingdoms. However, the king of France remained in England due to a great sickness and illness. During this time, there was a severe and long frost from Saint Andrew's Day to the thirteenth Kalends of April. This made the tilling and sowing of the earth and other field and hand labors difficult and inadequate due to the cold and hardness of the earth. In Britain, a great deadly battle was ordered between Sir John of Montfort, duke of Britain, and Sir Charles of Blois. Victory fell to the aforementioned Sir John through the help and support of Englishmen. Many knights, squires, and other men were taken in this battle, among whom Charles himself and all that were with him were killed. Only seven Englishmen were slain.In the 20th year of King Edward the VII, John, King of France, died. The king ordered and had done worthy things in various places in his service and that of worthy men, at his own cost and expense. From thence, he was brought to France and buried at St. Denis. In the same year, Edward, Prince Edward, son of King Edward, was born. He died when he was seven years old. In this year, it was ordered that St. Peter's Pence, which had begun to reign in the country of Wessex during the reign of our Lord God 600 years earlier, should no longer be paid to Rome for the English school. And in this year, there fell a great rain in high time, which wasted and destroyed both corn and hay. There was much debate and fighting among sparrows in various places, and men found countless dead in the fields as they went. And there fell a great number of sparrows.Also such a pestilence that none in modern days had seen, it killed men who went to bed in good health and in point of fact, they died suddenly. Also, the sickness called the pox claimed both men and women through their infecting. In the 41st year of King Edward, Richard II, the second son of Prince Edward of England, was born at Burdeaux. This Richard, whom Richard II of England was called, was crowned king of England in the 11th year of his age through right lineage and heritage, and also by the consent of the commonalty of the realm. About this time, at King Edward's command, when all the castles and towns were surrendered to him that had long been held in France by a great company assembled together, Sir Bartram Clakyn, a noble knight and good warrior, went and proposed to expel Peter of Spain from his kingdom with the help of the most party of the aforementioned great company, trusting also upon help and favor of the pope, for...\n\nCleaned Text: In the 41st year of King Edward's reign, Richard II, the second son of Prince Edward of England, was born at Burdeaux. He was crowned king of England in his 11th year, both through right lineage and the commonalty's consent. During this time, under King Edward's command, all castles and towns that had long been held in France by a large assembly surrendered. Sir Bartram Clakyn, a noble knight and good warrior, proposed to help expel Peter of Spain from his kingdom with the support of the most party in the assembly and the pope's favor.moche as it come to his eeres that ye same pers sholde lede & vse a synfull lyf / the whiche Pers smyten wyth drede of this tydynge fledde into Gascoyne to prynce Edwarde for to haue so\u2223coure of hym. And whan he was fledde out of Spayne Henry his broder that was bastarde by assent of the moost party of Spayne & thru\u2223ghe helpe of ye ferefull company that I spake of fyrst was crowned kyng of Spayne. & ye nom\u2223bre of that same co\u0304pany was rekened & sette at the nombre of .xl.M. fytynge men. \u00b6This sa\u2223me yere in the moneth of Iune there come a gre\u00a6te co\u0304pany & a nauye of ye Danes gadred them togyder in the Northe see purposynge them to come into Englonde to reue and to robbe and also to sle with whom they countred & mette in the see. maryners and other gode fytynge men oe other there was a boystous vessell and a stronge of theyr nauye that was ouer saylled by the Englysshmen & was perys\u00a6shed & drenched In the whiche the Stewarde & other worthy and greate men of Denmarke were taken prysoners / & the kynge ofEngland and his council imprisoned them. The lords, the Danes, sought them all about afterwards to have them again. They had lost their goods and were not well compensated or pleased with the answer they had given. They turned homewards again, leaving them behind in their inns. Precisely written in scrolls and on walls. Yet, the Danes wasted their time. Then, an English writer wrote against the duke in this manner: \"And in this time pers, the king of Spain, with other kings, that is to say, the king of Navarre and the king of Malaga, were intermediaries and sought counsel and help from Sir Edward the prince. When he had understood their articles and their desire that he was required by those kings, he was reluctant and ashamed to say no and contrary to them. But nevertheless, he was hesitant lest it would be any prejudice against the pope and he delayed them or that he would grant or consent to it until he had...\"The princes requested better counsel from King Edward's deliberation. However, they were with him every day and continually beseeching many noble men, speaking to and sending prayers between them. The prince of Wales sent letters to his father, both through courtesies and comfortingly presenting all their suggestions and causes, along with the letters of the other kings, for comfort and help regarding the wrongs not only done to King Spain but also for such things that might affect other kings. If it were not soon helped and amended through the deeds and help of knighthood for those who asked and desired it.\n\nWhen the king and his council had seen such a king spoiling and robbing with much marvel, they sent comforting letters back to Prince Edward and to those other kings, warning them to arm and order themselves against that misdoer and to withstand them with the help of God, who were such enemies to kings. What noble actions these were.Price had received this letter, along with the other kings, and all their counselors called together or who would undertake the quarrel, he bound and knitted a severe oath to the deposed king, that is, to maintain and defend the rightful belief and faith of the holy church, and also their ministries' rights and liberties to defend from all their enemies and all evils. And all those who were against them bitterly to punish and destroy, and all the wrongful privileges of the holy church to increase and maintain, and amend all things wrongfully taken away, and bear a way by him or by any other on his account to restore them hastily. He should also drive out and put out Saracens and all other misbelievers from his kingdom with all his strength and power, and suffer none such to dwell therein for any reason or cause. Whenever he took a Christian woman, he should never come into any other woman's bed, nor any other man's wife to.defoyle. All these things truly for keeping and fulfilling, as he had sworn by other antecedent notaries in the presence and witness of the kings, as well as other princes.\n\nAnd then, the gracious prince Edward undertook the cause and quarrel of the king who was deposed, and by the grace of Almighty God, he vowed to restore him again to his kingdom, and let him order and gather together, with all possible haste, his navy with men of arms, to wage war and fight in his cause.\n\nIn this same year, on the sand of the Scots, it was seen by many men for three days together that there were two Eagles. One came out of the south, and the other out of the north, and they fought and wrestled together cruelly and strongly. The south Eagle first overcame the north Eagle and rent it with his bill and claws, so that it should not rest or take breath. The south Eagle then flew home to its own coasts.\n\nAnd immediately after, in the morning after the Eagles, it was seen.In the year of our Lord AM.CCC.lxvii and of King Edward XLII, on the third day of April, there was a strong battle in a large field called Przasers Fast by the waters of Narce in Spain, between Sir Edward the Prince and Sir Henry the Bastard of Spain. But the victory fell to Prince Edward by the grace of God.\n\nIn this same year, on the last day of October, there was a great falling of stars, with many of them gathered together on a heap, which fell down to the earth, leaving behind them fire beams in the manner of lightning. Flames burned and consumed men's clothes and men themselves, writhing on the earth as it was seen and known to many a man.\n\nYet the northern wind was ready and destructive to all evil until three days after St. Catherine's eye, causing great loss without a noble gain.\n\nAnd in these same days, there fell and came such lightning, thunder, snow, and hail that it wasted and destroyed men's livestock, houses, and trees.The army numbered around XXX thousand. The king of Spain had men from various nations numbering over one hundred thousand. The sharpness and ferocity of his adversary, with his full boisterous and great strength, forced the rightful party to retreat significantly. However, through the grace of the almighty God, this great host was dispersed mightily by the noble duke of Lancaster and his troops. Or Prince Edward was near him. When Henry Bastard saw this, he and his men retreated in great haste and strength, causing a large company of them in the forefront to fall into the flood and perish. The earl of Denemarche and Sir Bartram Clerk, the chief maker and cause of the war, as well as the chief warden of the battle, were taken with many other lords and knights numbering two thousand. Of these, two hundred were from France and many also from Scotland. And thereIn the field on our enemies' side, six thousand and more lords, knights, and other people, including a few Englishmen, were felled. After this victory, the noble Prince Edward restored the same Peers to the kingdom. These Peers, however, were betrayed and falsely accused by the aforementioned Bastard of Spain. As he sat at his table, he was strangled and died. But after this victory, many noble men of England, as well as hardy men in Spain, through the flux and various other illnesses, took their lives. In the same year, in the March, the star called Comet was seen between the north coasts and the west, stretching towards France. In the following year of King Edward's reign, the forty-third year, in April, Sir Lionel, Edward's son who was Duke of Clarence, went to war with Melaine to wed Galois's daughter and have her as his wife. Through this marriage, he would have had half the lordship of Melaine. But after they were solemnly wedded and about to depart,In the same year, our lady the duke of Melayne died. Frenchmen broke the peace and truewords on the king's ground and in the shire and county of Puttyfe. They took and held castles and towns, falsely and subtly accusing the English of breaking the peace. In this same year, the duchess of Lacastre died and was buried respectfully in St. Paul's church.\n\nThe 43rd year of King Edward's reign was marked by the greatest pestilence among men and large animals. Due to the great falling of waters at that time, there was great scarcity and destruction of corn, such that a bushel of wheat was sold for 40 shillings the next year.\n\nIn this same year, around the end of May, King Edward held his parliament at Westminster. In this parliament, the other and broken peace between him and the king of France was discussed and how he might be avenged for his wrongs.\n\nIn the Assumption of the same year,Our lady Queen Philippa of England, a noble and good lady, is fully buried and entered at Westminster with great worship. Around midsummer, the Duke of Lancaster and the Earl of Hereford, with a great company of knights, went into France. They received little welcome and name there, for there was a great host of Frenchmen on Calais Bridge, and another host of Englishmen camped nearby, who had lived there for a long time. Many worthy and great men of England planned and gave counsel to fight against the French, but the said lords would not consent to it for no reason.\n\nLater, the Earl of Warwick arrived there to wage war. When the Frenchmen heard of his coming, they abandoned their tents and, with all their baggage, fled away privately. When the earl arrived on land with his men, he went in all haste towards Normandy and destroyed the island of Caux with the strength of his army.In this returning to England, Sir John Hawkwood, an Englishman, who at his governance had the White Company (aforementioned), was taken with sickness of pestilence and died, leaving not long after his noble knightly deeds. In his time, the noble knight Sir John Hawkwood reigned and waged war. He, with the White Company, at one time fought against the church and at another time against lords, ordering great battles, and therein he did many marvelous things.\n\nApproximately the conversion of St. Paul's, when the king had ended and done the entry and exequies with great costs and riches about the sepulture and burial of Queen Philip his wife, he held a parliament at Westminster. In this parliament, the clergy were asked for a great sum of three years' payment. That is to say, a large sum to be paid for three years. The clergy put it off and would not grant it to the king next coming. Then they granted it well, in three years, by certainty.termes that dyme sholde be payed and also of the laye fee was a thre yere .xv. graunted to the kynge.\nANd in the .xlv. yere of kynge Edward in the begynnynge kynge Edwarde with vnwyse counseyll & vndyscrete borowed a grete so\u0304me of golde of the prelates marchaun\u00a6tes & other ryche men of his reame saynge that it sholde despended in defendyn he of holy chyr\u2223che & of his reame netheles it profyted no thyn\u00a6ge / wherfore aboute mydsomer after he made a grete host of the worthyest men of hys reame Amo\u0304ges whom were some lordes yt is to say the lorde Fytzwater & the lord graunson and other worthy knyght{is} of whyche knyght{is} the kynge ordeyned syr Robert Knolles a proude knyt fren\u2223shemen durste not fall vpon them. And att the laste about ye begynnynge of wynter for enuye & couetyse that was amo\u0304ge them / and also dys\u2223corde they sondred & parted them into dyuerse co\u0304panyes vnwysely & folesly. But syr Robert Knolles & hys men wente & keped thym saufe within a castell in Brytayne. And whan the frensshmen sawe yt ourmen and felashes were divided into diverse companies and places, not holding together as they had intended; they fell fiercely upon our men, and for the most part took them captive or slew them. Those who could take prisoners led them away. In the same year, Pope Urban VII, king of Frauce, and the king of England entered into an agreement with each other for eternity. But alas, he began his treaties on the 21st day of December and died of illness. He was buried at first in the cathedral church of Avignon, near the high altar. The next year, after he had lain there for a time, his bones were taken out of the earth and reburied in the abbey of St. Victoire near Marcylles. Of this abbey, he had once been abbot himself. And in both places where he was buried, many great miracles were done and worked through the grace of Almighty God, to the help of many souls and to the worship of God Almighty.\n\nAfter him came next and was made Pope Gregory Cardinal Dean, who was previously called Peter Roger.In the same year, Lymoges rebelled and fought against Prince Edward, as other cities did in Guyenne, due to great taxes, expenses, and reasons they were imposed by Prince Edward. But why these charges were important is unknown. Therefore, they turned from him and fell to the King of France. When Prince Edward learned of this, he was greatly angered and returned home to England, bringing with him severe wounds and fierce fighting and great losses. He then took the aforementioned city and nearly destroyed it, killing all who remained. And to tell the truth, for various illnesses and maladies he had and due to a lack of money, he was unable to withstand his enemies. He therefore hurried back to England with his wife and many leaving behind in Gascony, the Duke of Lancaster and Sir Edmond Earl of Cambridge with other worthy and noble men of arms.\n\nIn the 46th year of King Edward, at the ordinance and sending off of King Edward, the King of Navarre came to him.Claryngdon to treate wyth hym of certayne thynges touchynge his warre in Normandye where kynge / Edwarde had left certayne sye\u2223ges in his stede tyll he come ayen. But kynge Edwarde myghte not spede of that that he se\u2223ked hym. And so the kynge of Nauerne wyth grete worshyp & grete gyftes to his leue & wen\u00a6te home ayen. \u00b6And abowte begynnynge of Marche whan the parlemente at westmyster was begon the kyng asked of the clergye a sub\u00a6sydye of .l.M. pou\u0304de the whiche by a good auy\u00a6sement and by a generall co\u0304uocao\u0304n of the cler\u00a6gye it was graunted & ordeyned that it sholde be payed and reysed of the lay fee. And in thys parlement at the request askynge of the lordes in hatred of men of holy chirche. the Chaunce\u00a6ler & the tresourer that were bysshops and the clerke of the pryue sale. were remeued and put out of offyce & in theyr stede were seculer men put in. And whyle thys parlement lasted there come somlepne embassatours fro the pope to treate with the kyng of peas and sayd that the pope desyred to fulfyll hisThe ninth day of June, in the forty-seventh year of King Edward's reign, held his parliament at Westminster, which lasted only eight days. Summoned to this parliament were four bishops and five abbots, without any more. This parliament was convened on behalf of merchants from London and other diverse places for various things and points of treason that they were accused of. That is, they were accused of rebellion and intended to rise against the king that same year. The duke of Lancaster and his brother, the earl of Cambridgeshire, came out of Gascony into England and took and married Peter's daughters, who were once queens of Spain. The elder daughter belonged to the duke, and the younger to the earl. At the same time, two cardinals were sent from the pope: an English cardinal and a cardinal of Paris, to negotiate peace between these two realms. Once they had both been in place for a long time.In this year, the province and counties were near treating with the said peasants at the last, they took their letters of proxy and returned to Rome without achieving any effect of their purpose. In this same year, there was a strong battle at sea between the English and Flemish, and the English gained the victory, taking 25 ships laden with salt and capturing or drowning all the men on board, unwittingly, as they were from that country. Much harm would have ensued had peace and accord not been made between them soon.\n\nAnd in this same year, the French besieged the town of Rochell. For this reason, the Earl of Penbroke was sent into Gascony with a great company of armed men to destroy the siege. He passed the sea safely and arrived at the harbor of Rochell, but when they were at the harbor mouth or could enter, suddenly a strong navy of Spaniards appeared, overwhelming the English in great harm, injury, and killing of many people, as the English were taken unawares.And yet they were not ready to fight or aware of their approach. As the Spaniards encountered them, most Englishmen were taken or slain. Ten of them were severely wounded to the point of death, and all their ships were burned. The earl was among those taken, along with a great treasure from the realm of England, and many other nobles, on Midsummer's day, which is said to be Edeldred's day. This earl was a very poor liver, an open lecher. In a certain parliament, he opposed the rights and franchises of the holy church. He also advised the king and council to ask for more opinions from men of the holy church than from other laymen. The king and other members of his council accepted and took more unfavorable opinions against men of the holy church than they did for defending and maintaining the rights of the holy church. It was later seen that, due to lack of fortune and grace, they would not have survived this misfortune.In the same year, the king with a great army entered the sea to relieve the siege of Rochester, but the wind was continually against him and prevented him from going far from the land. Therefore, he remained a certain time on the sea coast, waiting for a favorable wind, but he still did not come in. And at last, he came with his army to landward again. Shortly after, in the 48th year of King Edward's reign, the Duke of Lancaster with a great power went into Flanders and passed through Paris, Burgundy, and all France without any opposition from the Frenchmen. He did them little harm, but took and ransomed many places, towns, and men, and let them go freely. The same year, the king sent certain ambassadors to the pope, asking him to withdraw and cease his involvement.Not in his court were the bishops and rectors of benefices in England. Those chosen to be bishops saw and received their dignities freely and with full might, and were confirmed to the same by their metropolitans and archbishops, as they had been accustomed to in olden times. These points, and others concerning the king and his realm, were to be answered by them to the pope. When they had their answer from the pope, he enjoined them to certify him again by their letter of the king's will and of his realm, or they were to determine anything regarding the aforementioned articles. In this same year, John, Archbishop of York, John, Bishop of Ely, and William, Bishop of Worcester, died. In their places followed and were made bishops by the pope's authority: Alexander Neuville as Archbishop of York, Thomas of Arden as Bishop of Ely, and Sir Henry Wakefield as Bishop of Worcester. At this time, it was ordained in Parliament that all cathedral churches should have their elections whole, and the king from that time.Afterward, one should not write against those chosen, but rather help them with letters for their confirmation. This statute profited much. In this parliament, the king was granted a tax from the clergy and 15 from the laity. In the 49th year of King Edward, Master William Wykeham, Archbishop of Canterbury, died, and the monks of the same church asked and desired a cardinal of England to be Archbishop. Therefore, the king was agreed and intended to exile the monks. But they spent much to gain the king's grace and love, yet the king would not consent nor grant their election of the cardinal or the pope's as well as his cardinals.\n\nAt the beginning of August, discussions and articles were treated and spoken of between the pope and the king of England at Bruges. These treaties lasted almost a year. At the last, it was agreed between them that the pope would not use [something] from that time forth.In England, one should not remove the reservations of benefits. The king should not grant or allow benefits through his writ, which is called Quare impedit. Regarding the election mentioned above, nothing was touched or done. This was written and put before certain clerks who hoped to be promoted to bishoprics by the Roman court rather than any other elections.\n\nIn the same year around Candlemas, many noble and worthy men from both sides and realms met at Bruges to discuss peace between the two kings. This treaty lasted for two years with great costs and large expenses from both parties. However, they departed without any accord or effect.\n\nThe following year, after the first year of King Edward's reign, the Archbishopric of Canterbury was vacant. Master Symond Sudbury, Bishop of London, was made Archbishop, and Master William Courtenay, who was previously, was appointed.The bishop of Hereford was made bishop of London, and the bishop of Bangor was made bishop of Hereford. At this time, in a certain treaty and speaking of true peace, negotiations took place between France and England from midsummer to midwinter for an entire year. Around the beginning of April, the duke of Britain, with many earls, barons, and worthy English lords, went over to Britain, where he had not yet achieved his desire and purpose, which had been hindered by the aforementioned true peace.\n\nAt this time, the island of Constantinople, where the castle of St. Savior is located, was long fought over and besieged by the French. It surrendered to the French with all its appurtenances, causing great harm and hindrance to the realm of England. This same year, there were great and passing heats, and with them, a great pestilence in England and in other diverse places, destroying and killing violently and strongly both men and women without number. This same year, [name] died.Sir Edward the lord Spencer, a worthy knight, and a bold one, is buried worshipfully in the minster of Tewkesbury. And during this pestilence, the pope, at the instance and prayer of an English cardinal, granted to all people in England that died, sorrowful and penitent for their sins, and also shrived full remission by two bullets under the lead for six months next before their death. In the same year, the earl of Penbroke was taken and reasoned by Bartram Clarence between Paris and Calais as he came towards England on St. Athelred's day, which saint, as it was said, the earl often visited. And in November next after this, at Bruges, the duke of Lancaster and the duke of Burgundy met with many other lords and prelates of both realms to treat peace.\n\nNot long after the 13th year of King Edward's reign, he ordered and held at Westminster the greatest parliament that had been seen for many years before. In this parliament, he asked of the:The commonalty of the realm had previously granted a great subsidy to the king, but they answered that they were daily grieved and burdened with so many taxes they could not endure such burdens and charges any longer. They knew and were well aware that the king had enough resources to save himself and his realm if it were properly governed. However, due to the long history of poor governance by incompetent officers, the realm could not be plentiful in commerce and riches. They pledged themselves to the king that if he were to truly prove it and stand by his word, they would gladly help him with their power and resources, as needed. After this was published and shown in parliament, many complaints and defects of various officers of the realm were presented, including those of Lord Latimer, the king's chamberlain, both to the king and to the public.In the realm. And at last, there was spoken and treated of Dame Alice Perse for the great wrongs and poor governance she had instigated in the realm. Dame Alice Perse, whom the king had long held as his mistress, was the last wonder, as through her father's exhortation and her instigation, he consented to her lewdness and poor counsel. Dame Alice, as well as Lord Latymer and others, had manipulated the king into poor governance to his detriment and that of the realm. The commons asked and desired that they be removed and dismissed, and in their stead, wise and worthy men who were true and well-assessed and proven in good governance should be put in their places. Among all others, there was one among the commons, a wise knight and a trustworthy/eloquent man, whose name was Perse Delamare. And this same Perse was chosen to be the spokesman for the commons in the parliament. For this same Perse, public truth was told and the following was rehearsed:wrongs again opposed the said dame Alice and certain persons of the king's council, as the king was bidden by the commoners. And also trusting much to be supported and maintained in this matter by the help and favor of the prince immediately after the prince's death at the instance and request of the said dame Alice, this Pers de amare was judged to perpetual prison in the castle of Nottingham. And in the 6th of July lasting, the same parliament died Prince Edward, eldest son of King Edward, that is to say, on Trinity Sunday in worship of which feast he was accustomed every year wherever he was in the world to hold and made the most solemn that he could. Whose name and fortune of knighthood but if it had been of another Ector, all men, both Christian and pagan, while he lived and was in good health, greatly feared and dreaded him. Whose body is worshipfully buried in Canterbury at Canterbury. And in this same year, my lord and the earls tenants of Warwick arose maliciously against the abbot.The inhabitants of Evesham and their tenants destroyed the abbey, the town, and wounded and killed many of its men. They went to their manors and places and did much harm. They broke down their parks and closes, killed their wild beasts, and chased them, breaking their fish ponds and heads, and let the water of their ponds stew and rivers run out, taking the fish and carrying it with them. They did them all the harm they could. In so far that, indeed, they had destroyed the abbey with all its members and appurtenances, but if the king had not helped it and taken care of it sooner. Therefore, the king sent his letters to the Earl of Warwick, charging him and commanding him to stop, redress, and amend the evil doers and breakers of his peace. And so, through the means of lords and other friends, peace was made between them. And for this harm, as it is said, the king would not be governed by his lords who were in the parliament at that time. But he took and made his son the [...]duke of Lancaster, his governor of the realm, stood firm as governor until his death. In the same year, the Parliament was concluded, and the King requested a subsidy from the clergy and the lay fee. It was granted, meaning he should have from every layman, man and woman over fourteen years of age, four pence, to be given to known poor beggars. And he should have from every man of the holy church who was beneficed or promoted twelve pence, and all others not promoted three pence. In the same year, Prince Edward's son, Richard, was made Prince of Wales, and the King gave him the duchy of Cornwall and the earldom of Chester. Around this time, the Cardinal of England was struck with the palsy three days before Mary Magdalene's day, after dinner, and he lost his speech on Mary Magdalene's day, the 23rd.In the year of King Edward, at the beginning of October, Pope Gregory the IX brought and removed his court with him from Auye realm. He was covetous and unstable, for he often took large sums of money from the king and his council for wages of men at arms that he should have paid and took it for his own use. He feared that at last he would be punished and accused for the same reason and fled privately to the king of France and was sworn to him and became his man, and pledged him a great navy from Spain into confusion and the destruction of England. But the rightful God, to whom previous is unknown, first allowed him to betray and wickedly destroy his liege lord, King of England and his people in his realm, in which this same John was born. Through battle, he wickedly brought about his cursed purpose. In the feast of St. George, the next King Edward gave to Richard of Burdeux his heir, it was Prince Edward's son at Windsor.This king Edward, who was made knight by the order of chivalry, died when he had reigned for three years and eleven days, on the 11th of June. He deceased at Shene and is buried respectfully at Westminster. May God have mercy on his soul. King Edward was indeed of a passing godly and gracious nature among all worthy men in the world. He surpassed and shone by virtue granted to him from God above all his predecessors, who were noble and worthy. He was a well-loved man and an hardy one, for he feared neither misfortunes nor harm that might befall a noble warrior and a fortunate one. He achieved victory on land and sea and in all battles, and he received the joy of it with passing glory. He was meek and benign, homely, sober, and soft towards all men, whether strangers or his own subjects and others under his governance. He was devout and holy towards God and the church, for he worshipped and maintained the church and their ministers with all manner of reverence. He was treatable and well-advised in temporal matters.A wise and discreet man, meek in speech, gentle in deeds and manners, pitiful towards the distressed, generous in giving alms, eager in helping, bearing and suffering wrongs lightly, leaving all else when occupied, appearing both tall and lowly, having a good temperament. His grace shone so much that any man who beheld his face or even dreamt of him wished all things to happen to him. He governed his kingdom gloriously until old age. Generous and wise in spending, filled with all his honesty of good manners and virtues, living under whom was as if reigning. Therefore, his father and kinsmen spread his worthiness and manhood far and wide, reaching the Greeks and the Barbarians, and no one knew its limits.\"Under heaven, this land had brought forth such a noble king, so gentle and so blessed, or raised up another one when he was dead. Nevertheless, lechery and indulgence of his flesh haunted him in his age, and rather than it being supposed for immeasurable fulfillment of his lust, his life was shortened the sooner. And take heed, for his deeds bring woe; for in his beginning, all things were joyful and pleasing to him, and in his middle age he surpassed all people in high joy, worship, and blessedness. Rightly, when he drew towards an age of decline through lechery and other sins, little by little all joyful and blessed things and prosperity decreased and became miserable and unfortunate things and unprofitable harms with many evils began to spring up, and the more harm it continued for a long time after.\n\nCl\u00e9ment the VI was pope after Benedict X, this man in name and deed was virtuous, and many things that Benedict X was rigorous in, he made easier.\"And certainally, he deprived and restored, and the rigorousness of Benedict's faith was laudable, of the Order of Carthusians. He was a great canonist. Urban V was pope after Innocent. This man was abbot of Myssolens of the Order of St. Benedict, a doctor, and is taken for a saint. He made the cross be preached against the Turks, and he made a passage to the Turks. And to him, St. Brigit was sent from Christ for the confirmation of their rule, and then he was poisoned and died. Gregory XI was pope after him, reigning for eight years. And after him followed the tribulation, which our Lord showed to St. Brigit for the sin of the clergy. Venselaus, the son of Charles, was Emperor for fourteen years. He was a child and was chosen while his father was alive, but he took no care of them pyre. And when he was warned many times to take heed and would not, he was deposed. For he gave all his delight and lust to lechery, and his end was.without honor, he greatly deviated from the manners and virtues of his noble father. And he was crowned with the temporal diadem. The wisdom of his father passed to Sigismund, his brother, as will appear later. \u00b6Urban was pope after Gregory VI. This Urban was chosen in the city of Rome by the strength of the Romans, but the cardinals did it out of fear rather than willingfully. \u00b6Therefore, they fled to the city of Ferentino, and they said that he was not pope, and in his place they chose Sir Robert of Geneva in the same year, which was called the Clement VII. \u00b6Note. And here began the Twelve Schism, and it was worse than any other before, for it was so subtle that the wisest men who were there and the best of conscience could not determine with whom it was best to side and to hold. And this schism lasted for forty years, bringing great scandal upon the clergy and great peril to men's souls due to heresies and other evil things that were introduced then. In so much thatThere was no doctrine in the church for misdoing, and therefore, from this day Urban V (1362) onward, I do not know who was pope. Urban V ordered the Feast of the Visitation of our Lady after the form of the sacrament of the water as a peace and unity offering among them through the mercies of our blessed lady. Boniface IX (1389) was pope after Urban V for 15 years. This Boniface was chosen at Rome instead of Urban VI, and the strife continued. Benedict XIII was chosen in Avignon in place of Clement and was called.\n\nAnd after the good king Edward III, who was born at Windsor, reigned Richard II, who was Edward's son, Prince of Wales. King Richard II was born in the eye debate that was between the Lord Latimer and Sir Rauf Feryers knight, who were against Hawell and Se, prisoner taken in Spain. These two squires wanted to have the prisoner, who was the Earl [of whom?].of the Denes who were taken in the battle of Spain, therefore these two lords came into the church at Westminster. They found one squire hearing his mass beside St. Edward's shrine, and there they saw him, who was called Hawell. And Shakell was arrested and taken to the Tower of London. He was detained for a long time because he refused to deliver the Earl of Denes' prisoner to these two lords, by Sir Alan Borough, constable of the Tower, and Sir Ralph Ferrers, one of his adversaries, until the king had granted him grace.\n\nIn the third year of King Richard, the Galas from France came into England through various ports and burned, robbed, and killed many English people, that is, at Windsor, Rye, Hastings, Portsmouth, and Ham. And in this same year, a parliament was held at Westminster. At this parliament, it was ordered that every poor man, woman, and child who were at the age of fourteen and above throughout the realm were to pay.should pay to the archbishop of Canterbury, Sir Simon Sudbery and Sir Robert Hales, hospitaller, priory and master of St. Anne's house, at the hard ground. They went to Westminster and St. Martin's, the great, and made all within go out for any manner of deceit. And they came to the Temple and to all other inns of men of law and dispersed them and robbed them of their goods and also took their law books. Then they came to London and broke open the prison of Newgate and freed all the prisoners, felons and others, and from both countries and all the people who were with them, and destroyed all the books of the courts. And thus they continued both on Saturday and Sunday until the Monday next after, in all their malice and wickedness.\n\nAnd then on Monday, King Richard with his lords who were with him at that time and William Walworth, the mayor of London, came with the aldermen.The commons of the city and they came into Southwark to hear and know the entreaty of these rebels and misgoverned people. And this Jack Straw made a cry in the elder days that all the people should come nearer and hear his claims and his cry and his will. And the lords and the mayor and the aldermen, with the commonality having indignation of his roguery and falseness and his foul presumption, immediately William Walworth, at that time being mayor, drew out his knife and slew Jack Straw. And right away, his head was struck off and placed on a spear and carried through London and set up on London Bridge. Immediately these risers and misgoverned people were vanquished, as if it had not been they. And then the king, in his great goodness and by the prayer of his lords, made five knights of good and worthy men of the city of London: William Walworth, you are the new mayor and slew Jack Straw; and the second was Nicholas Brembre; and the third John Philipot; and the fourth Nicholas Twyford; and the fifth.In the fifth year of King Richard's reign, Robert Laundes and the sixth Robert Gayton. After the king with his lords and knights returned to the Tower of London, and he rested there until his people were better composed and at peace. Then, by the passage of time, they managed to capture and hang these rebels and risers in every lordship in the realm of England, in groups of twenty, thirty, ten, and twelve, as many as they could get hold of in any parties. In the fifth year of King Richard's reign, there was a great earthquake, which was general throughout the world after Whitsunday in the year of our Lord 1481. Therefore, all manner of people were greatly afraid and long feared for a long time due to the fear of vengeance that our Lord showed and did. In the sixth year of King Richard's reign, Sir Henry Bishops of Norwich went over the sea into Flanders, and there they took the towns of Gravinge and Burburg, Dunkirk and Newport, and there they loaded [the ships].And these ships, laden with furs, were due to arrive in England with these vessels and goods. And the bishop of Norwich and his council ordered that these ships, along with all their cargo, be burned in the same harbor. At Dunkirk, a great battle took place between the Flemings and the English. A large number of Flemings were slain, and a great nobility. The bishop, with his retinue, besieged it for a long time but were unable to take it. They then left the siege and returned to England, for our Englishmen were heavily defeated and many died on the field. In this year, Queen Anne came to England to be married to King Richard. Her father was Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and king of Bohemia. With her came the Duke of Tuscany, her uncle, and many other worthy lords and knights from her country of Bohemia and other ducal lands to pay her homage and respect. Sir Simon Beverley, a worthy knight of the Garter, and other knights and squires.The kings embassadors brought her into England and then to London. The people of the city, that is, the mayor and aldermen and all commons, rode out to welcome her. Every man in good array and every craft with his guildsmen welcomed her on the black heath in Kent and brought her to London through the city and on to Westminster to the king's palaces. There she was married to King Richard in the abbey of Westminster and there crowned queen of England. And all her train that came with her were given great gifts and well entertained and refreshed as long as they remained there. In this same year, there was a battle done in the king's palaces at Westminster for certain points of treason between Sir John Ansley knight defendant and Carton squire the appellant. But Sir John Ansley, this knight, overcame Carton and made him yield within the lists.In the eighth year of King Richard II, Sir Edmond of Langley, Earl of Cambridge, King Richard's uncle, went to Portugal with a strong company of men-at-arms and archers to aid the king of Portugal against the king of Spain. In Portugal, the king of Portugal gained victory over his enemies with the help and support of the English. When the journey was completed, the Earl of Cambridge returned to England with his men in haste. Blessed be God. Amen.\n\nIn the same year, King Richard held his Christmas at Eltham.\n\nAt this same time, the king of Aragon fled from his own land and came to England to seek help and support from our king against his enemies who had driven him out of his realm. He was brought before the king.To Eltham, the king held his royal feast of Christmas. And there our king welcomed him and did much reverence and worship, commanding all his lords to make him all the cheer they could. Then he begged the king of his grace for help and comfort in his need and that he might be brought again to his kingdom and land. For the Turks had devoured and destroyed the most part of his land in the Marches. And then the Scots came down to the king for a treaty with him and his lords for truces for certain years. And so, over king and his council granted them truces for certain years, and our king turned him again into England. And when he was come to York, there John Holand, the earl of Kent's brother, slew the earl of Stafford's son and heir with a dagger in the city of York. Wherefore the king was sore annoyed and grieved, and removed thence and came to London. The mayor with the aldermen and the commons with him.all the pomp that could be done rode against the king and brought him really through the city, and so on to his own palaces at Westminster. In the ninth year of King Richard's reign, he held a parliament at Westminster and there he made two dukes and a marcher lord, and the first duke he made was the king's uncle, Sir Edmond of Langley, earl of Cambridge, whom he made duke of York. And his other uncle, Sir Thomas of Woodstock, who was earl of Buckingham, him he made duke of Gloucester. And Sir Leonorer, who was earl of Oxford, him he made marchioness of Devon. And Henry of Bolingbroke, the duke's son of Lancaster, him he made earl of Derby. And Sir Edward, the duke's son of York, him he made earl of Rutland. And Sir John Holland, who was the earl of Kent's brother, him he made earl of Huntingdon. And Sir Thomas Mowbray, him he made earl of Nottingham, and the earl Marshal of England. And Sir Michel de la Pole, knight, in the reign of King Richard the eleventh year, five lords.The five lords arose at Rattecote bridge during the destruction of the rebels who were then in the realm. The first of these five lords was Sir Thomas of Woodstock, the king's uncle and Duke of Gloucester, and the second was Sir Richard Earl of Arundell, and the third was Sir Richard Earl of Warwick, the fourth was Sir Henry Bohun, Earl of Derby, and the fifth was Sir Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Nottingham. And these five lords saw the mischief and misgovernance, and the falsehood of the king's counsel, wherefore those who were then chief of the king's council fled out of his land over sea, that is to say, Alexander Neville, Archbishop of York, Robert Earl of Devlin and Earl of Oxford, Michael de la Pole, Earl of Southfolk, and Chancellor of England. And these three lords went over sea and never returned, for they died there.\n\nAnd then these five lords above mentioned held a parliament at Westminster and there they took Sir Robert Tresilian, the Justice, and Sir Nicholas Brembre, knight.and cytezeyn of Lo\u0304don & syr Iohn\u0304 Salysbury a knyght of ye kynges housholde & vske sergeaunt of armes & many moo of other peple were taken and Iuged vnto the deth by the counseyll of these .v. Lordes in that parle\u00a6me\u0304te at westmester for the treaso\u0304 that they put vpon theym be drawen from ye tour of Lon\u2223do\u0304 thrugh out the cyte & so fourth vnto Tybur\u00a6ne & there they sholde be hanged & theyr throtes\nto be cutte & thus they were serued and deyed. And after ththyd. And theder came the erle of saynt Poule of frau\u0304ce & many other worthy knyghtes wyth hym of dyuerse party\u2223es full worthely arayed. And out of Holande & Henaude came the lorde Ostruau\u0304t that was ye dukes sone of Holande & many other worthy knyghtes with hym of Holand & full well aray\u00a6ed. And whan this feest & Iustynge was ended the kynge thanked this straungers and gaf the\u0304 many ryche gyftes. And so they token theyr le\u00a6ue of the kynge and of other lordes & ladyes & went home ayen into theyr owne cou\u0304tres with grete loue and moche thanke. \u00b6And in yeIn the thirteenth year of King Richard's reign, a battle took place in the king's palaces at Westminster between a squire from Naverne, who was with King Richard, and another squire named John Walssh. Naverne accused Walssh of treason, but Naverne was overcome and surrendered to his adversary. Immediately, Naverne was disarmed and taken out of the palaces to Tyburn, where he was hanged for his deceit. In the fourteenth year of King Richard's reign, Sir John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, sailed over the sea to Spain to challenge his right to the Spanish crown through his wife's title. He took with him a great host of people and arms, and archers. The king of Spain was to marry the Duke of Lancaster's daughter, who was the rightful heir of Spain, and was to give to the Duke of Lancaster gold, silver, and many other jewels worth as much as eight chariots could carry. Every year after that during the Duke's tenure.In the fifteenth year of King Richard's reign, Lefas of Spaine received from the duke ten thousand marks of gold. The duke also married one of his daughters to the king of Portugal at the same time. Upon returning to England, the duke and his wife also came home, but many worthy men died on the journey.\n\nIn the fifteenth year of King Richard's reign, he held his Christmas at Wadstowe Manor. The Earl of Penbroke, a young and tender-aged lord, wished to learn justice with a knight named Sir John of St. John and Roden together in Wadstowe Park. It was there that this worthy Earl of Penbroke was killed by Sir John's spear as he cast it from him during their sparring session. The king and queen mourned greatly for his death.\n\nIn the sixteenth year of King Richard's reign, John, being:\n\n(Note: The text appears to be incomplete, and it is unclear what follows \"John, being\" in the original text.)That time, the mayor of London, John Walworth, and Henry Vanner, being sheriffs of London, a baker had a basket of horse bread in Fletstreet to guard an hostel and a young man of the bishop of Salisbury, named Romayn, took a loaf from the baker's basket. He asked why he did so, and this Romayn turned away and broke the baker's head. Neighbors came out and wanted to arrest the Romayn, but he broke free and fled to his lord's place. The constable wanted to have him out, but the bishop's men shut the gates and kept the place so no one could enter. Then more people gathered there and said they would have him out or burn up the place and all that were with him. And then came the mayor and sheriffs with many other people and quelled the disturbance of the commons and made every man go home to their houses and keep peace. This Romayn's lord, the bishop of Salisbury, was Master John Waltham at that time.The treasurer of England, Sir Thomas Arundell, Archbishop of York and Chancellor of England, presented a complaint to the Chancellor in the city of London. And these two bishops, of great malice and vengeance, came before the king at Windsor and made a great complaint against the mayor and sheriffs. And suddenly, the entire city appeared before the king and his council, and they cast a grievous heart and great malice upon the city. The king then sent for the mayor of London and the two sheriffs, and they came to him at Windsor Castle. The king reprimanded the mayor and sheriffs severely for the offense they had committed against him and his officers in his chamber in London. For this reason, he deposed and removed the mayor and both sheriffs. This was done fourteen days before the feast of St. John the Baptist. And then the king called to him Sir Edward Dallingridge and made him warden and governor of the city.cyte and chambre of Lo\u0304\u00a6don & ouer all hys people ther in. And so he kep\u00a6te that offyce but foure wekes bycause that he was so gentyl & tendre to the Cytezens of Lon\u00a6don / wherfore the kynge deposed hym & made syr Bunde wyne radyngton knyght that was Conrtrouller of the kynges houshold wardey\u00a6ne & gouernour of his chambre of his people ther in / and chose to hym worthy men of the cy\u00a6te to be shreues wyth hym to gouerne & kepe ye kynges lawes in the cyte / that one was called Gelbert Mawefelde & that other Thomas ne wenton shreues. And than ye mayer & the two shreues and all the aldermen wyth all the wor\u2223thy craftes of London wente on foot vnto the toure of London / & there came out the Cones\u2223table of the towre & gaaf the mayer and ye shre\u00a6ues theyr othe & charge as they sholde haue ta\u00a6ken in the Escheker of westmynster in ye kyn\u2223ges court of his Iustyces & Barons of the Es\u2223cheker & than went they home ayen. And than the kynge & hys counseyll for the grete malyce and despyte yt they had to the Cyte of LondonThe king removed all his courts from Westminster to the City of York, that is, the Chancellor, the King's Bench, and the common place. They held these courts of law from Midsummer, that is, the feast of St. John the Baptist, to the feast of Christmas next coming. And when the king and his council saw that it was not as profitable there as it was at London, they removed it again to London and then back to Westminster for the great ease of his officers and a profit to the king and all the realm.\n\nWhen the people of London learned that these courts were coming back and that the king and his people were also, the mayor and aldermen, with the chief Commons of the city, gave a great sum of gold from all the Commons of the city. They ordered and made great royal rejoicings for his coming to London, to have his grace, lordship, and also their liberties and franchises granted to them as they were accustomed to have before. Through great rejoicing.The queen and other lords and ladies petitioned the king for grace at Shene in Surrey. This was granted, and two days later, the king came to London. The mayor of the city, the sheriff, and all the worthy men rode out to meet him in good array. The mayor submitted himself and his men humbly and obediently to the king. Upon his arrival at London Bridge, they presented him with a milk-white steed saddled and bridled, and trapped with cloth of gold and red. The queen rode a palefrey, also milk-white, similarly decorated. All the conduits of London ran with wine, both white and red, for all manner of people to drink who wished. Between St. Paul's and the cross in Cheap, a stage was made, a richly adorned standing platform, and many angels were present.with various melodies and songs. An angel came down from the stage on high and set a crown of gold crowned with rich pearls and precious stones on the king's head, and another on the queen's. And so the citizens brought the king and queen to Westminster into their palaces. The following morning, the mayor and the sheriffs and the aldermen of London came to the king at Westminster to his palaces and presented him with two basins of silver, filled with coined gold to the sum of 200 pounds, praying for his high mercy, grace, and lordship, and specifically for the confirmation of their franchises and freedoms. The queen and other worthy lords and ladies fell on their knees and begged the king for this grace. Then the king took up the queen and granted her all that she had asked. And they thanked the king.The queen went home again. In the sixteenth year of King Richard's reign, certain Lords of Scotland came into England to seek worship as foot soldiers. These were the persons: the Earls of Mar and Huntly. The Earl of March challenged the Earl of March of England to a duel on horseback with sharp spears. They rode together as two worthy knights and lords, but the Scottish Earl did not make a full challenge, for he was called both horse and man, and two of his ribs broke with that fall, and he was carried out of the battlefield to his inn. And a little time afterward, he was carried home in a horse litter, and at York he died. Sir Walter Darell, knight, and the king's standard-bearer of Scotland, then made another challenge with Sir Percy, the courtly knight and the king's standard-bearer of England, on horseback in the same field. When he had ridden certain courses and tried his might, he could not have the better, and he gave it up and would no longer of his challenge with Sir Percy.A knight of the king's court and the king's banner-bearer of England turned his horse and rode home to his own inn. A squire named Cockborne from Scotland challenged Sir Nicholas Haberdeene, a knight, with sharp spurs in certain courses, and they fought five courses together. At each course, the Scot was thrown down both horse and man. And over English lords, may God have mercy, had the field.\n\nIn the seventeenth year of King Richard's reign, Queen Anne, who was wise and gracious to King Richard, died at Shene in the county of Surrey on a Wednesday. She was then brought to London and to Westminster, and there she was buried and worthy entered beside Saint Edward's shrine. May almighty God have mercy on her soul. Amen.\n\nIn the twentieth year of King Richard's reign, he went himself oversee to Calais with dukes, earls, lords, and many other worthy squires with great array and the common people of the realm in good array as fitting for such a king and prince of his noble and mighty realm.King Richard, of his own person, showed reverence and observation to this worthy and gracious lady, who was to be his wife, a young woman of 19 years, named Isabella, the king's daughter of France, and other noble lords of great name, both barons and knights, with many other people, came to the town of Gravening. Two dukes of France were among them, one being the duke of Burgundy and the other the duke of Bar. They demanded no less than pledges. And King Richard delivered two pledges for them to go safely and return safely, his two uncles, the duke of Gloucester and the duke of York. These two went over the water of Gravening and stayed there as pledges until the marriage was done. And when these two dukes of France came back to Gravening water, the two worthy dukes crossed the water with this worthy lady, Dame Isabella.Isabella, the king's daughter of France, arrived with her, bringing many worthy lords, ladies, knights, and squires in the finest attire possible. They brought her to the king, who took her and welcomed her and her entire company, making all the solemnities that could be done for such a lady. And then the king and his council asked the French lords whether all the conditions and agreements that had been arranged and made on both sides would be truly kept and honored between them. They replied and swore and took their charge upon a book, making a firm and true oath to uphold all the conditions without contradiction or delay in any way. Isabella was then brought to St. Nicholas Church in Calais and there was married with the most solemnities that any king or queen could be with archbishops, bishops, and all the ministers of the holy church.And they were brought to the castle and seated to dine, and were served with all delicacies of rich meats and drinks pleasantly to all manner of strangers. And they came suddenly to Plashe. There, Sir Thomas Woodstock, the good duke of Gloucester, lay, and the good duke came to welcome the king immediately. And the king arrested the good duke himself and led him down to the water's edge. At that time, Lord Marshal was Captain of Calais. And the king and his false counsel commanded the captain to put him to death. And certain men who had the good duke in keeping consulted how they should put him to death. Their appointment was that they should come upon him when he was in his bed and asleep on a feather bed. And when they had done this, they bound his hands and feet and charged him to lie still. And when they had done this, they took two small towels and made on them two riding cloaks.knots and cast the towels about his neck. Then they took the feather bed that lay beneath him and cast it about him, and drew their swords every which way. Some laid upon the feather bed upon him until he was dead, because he should make no noise. Thus they strangled this worthy duke unto death. / On whose soul, God, have mercy. Amen.\n\nWhen the king had rested thus, this worthy duke and his uncle were sent to Calais. He came again to London in all haste with a great multitude. And as soon as he was come, he sent for the Earl of Arundel and for the good Earl of Warwick. And as soon as they came, he arrested them himself. Sir John Cobham and Sir John Chyne, knights, he arrested in the same manner, until he made his parliament. And immediately they were put into custody. But the Earl of Arundel went at large until the parliament time, for he found softy conditioned surrender to the law and to answer to all manner points that the king and parliament would make.his council decreed that he should be put on foot and all the lords, and this was on St. Matthew's day, the apostle and evangelist, in this hall that was made in the palaces at Westminster. Here he was judged unto death in this hall. And this was his judgment: he should go on foot with his hands bound behind him from the place of judgment. And so forth through the city of London to Tower Hill and his head to be struck off and this was done in fact in the same place. Six of the greatest lords who sat on his judgment bench accompanied him to the place of his death, and so they went on foot, men-at-arms and archers, a great multitude of Cheshire men, strengthening the lords who brought this earl to his death, for they feared lest the terce (a type of tax) would be rescinded and taken from them when they came into London. Thus he passed through the city to his death. And there he took it fully.\"And then the free men came. Austin and took up the body and head of this good earl and carried it home to their place and buried him in their quire. The following morning, Richard Earl of Warwick was brought into the parliament where Earl Arundell was being judged. The earl of Warwick was given the same judgment that you mentioned for the earl, but the lords had compassion on him because of his advanced age and released him into perpetual prison, and placed him in the Isle of Man. The following Monday, John Cobham, Knight of Kent, and John Cheyne, knight, were also brought into the same parliament in the same hall, and there they were judged to be hanged and drawn. However, through the prayers and great insistence of all the lords, that judgment was pardoned to them and they were released into perpetual prison. In this same year, Richard Wyttingdon, mayor of London, and John Wodecoke, and William, were also...\"The following lords of London were ordered to station strong watches of men-at-arms and archers at every gate during this parliament: The King made five dukes and one marquess and the first of them was the Earl of Derby, who was made Duke of Hereford. The second was the Earl of Rutland, who was made Duke of Arundel. The third was the Earl of Kent, who was made Duke of Surrey. The fourth was the Earl of Huntingdon, who was made Duke of Exeter. The fifth was the Earl of Northampton, who was made Duke of Northfolk. The Earl of Somerset was made Marquess of Dorset. The Lord Spencer was made Earl of Gloucester. The Lord Lovell of Raby was made Earl of Westmoreland. Sir Thomas Percy was made Earl of Worcester. Sir William Scrope, the Treasurer of England, was made Earl of Wiltshire. Sir John Montagu, Earl of Salisbury. When the King had thus acted, he held a parliament and a royal feast.all his lords and to all manner of people that would come. And in this same year died Sir John of Gaunt, the king's uncle and duke of Lancaster, in the bishop's Inn in Holborne. He was brought from there to St. Paul's and there the king made and held his entry well and worthily with all his lords in the church of St. Paul in London, and there he was buried beside Dame Blanche, who was daughter and heir to the good Henry, who was duke of Lancaster. In the same year there was a dispute between the duke of Hereford and the duke of Norfolk so violent that they waged battle and cast down their gloves. Then they were taken and imprisoned. The battle was joined and the day set and the place assigned. It should be at Coventry.\n\nAnd there came the king with all his lords on that day and was seated in the field. Then these two worthy lords came into the field well and clean armed and well arrayed with all their weapons and ready to do battle. But the king, instead,The king put an end to the quarrel and immediately excluded the duke of Hereford for a term of ten years, the duke of Northfolk for life, and Archbishop Thomas of Arundell of Canterbury forever and deprived him of his see for the king's displeasure. These three worthy lords were then commanded and defended the kingdom. They quickly procured ships at various harbors and sailed to different lands, each his way. Duke Northfolk went to Venice and died there. May God have mercy on his soul. Amen.\n\nKing Richard made Sir Roger Walden Archbishop of Canterbury. In the 22nd year of King Richard's reign, through false counsel and the imaginations of covetous men around him, blank chess pieces were made and enrolled as real men throughout the realm. People were compelled to set their seals to it.\n\nThis was done for great deceit.King Richard, therefore, turned all good hearts of the realm away from him forever. And this was utterly his distrust and end, that such a high and excellent prince and king was betrayed by Courtenay and false counsel. Alas, for pity that such a king could not see. And then King Richard set his kingdom and all his land of England to farm to four persons. These were Sir William Bourchier, Earl of Essex and Treasurer of England; Sir John Bushe; Henry Greville; and Sir John Bagot, knights, who turned them to misfortune and death within a little time, as you shall find written hereafter. And then King Richard made great ordinance and went himself over sea to Ireland and many great lords with him, with a great host for the strengthening of his king with archers and much great equipment and good ordinance, as was fitting for war. And before he passed over sea, he ordained and made Sir Edmund Earl of Langley, his uncle, the duke of York, as guardian of the realm.King York, the Duke of England in his absence, governed and counseled with the four knights who had taken England under his command. Afterward, he crossed the sea and came to Ireland, where he was warmly received. The rebellious men called \"wild Irish\" came down to the king and offered him their bodies and goods willingly. They swore allegiance to him and did homage and good service, and thus he conquered most of Ireland in a short time.\n\nWhile King Richard was thus in Ireland, Henry Bolingbroke, Earl of Derby whom the king had made Duke of Hereford before, had returned to England to challenge the dukedom of Lancaster as his rightful inheritance. He came from France via Calais and met Sir Thomas Arundell, Archbishop of Canterbury, who had been exiled from England.with him came the earl of Arudel his son and heir, who was in keeping of Sir John Shelley knight, at one time with the earl of Huntingdon and the duke of Exeter. They were then in the castle of Reigate in Surrey. The earl of Exeter waylaid him there and came to Calais, where he was kept well and honorably until the other two lords arrived. And then this worthy duke and Sir Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury, shipped in the harbor of Calais and sailed northward, arriving in Yorkshire at Ravenspurne near Wykeham. There the duke came and immediately put him in close and strong confinement, anticipating his coming to London. And then there was a riot in London and a strong noise. King Richard came to Westminster, and the people of London ran there and would have done much harm and hurt, had not the mayor and other worthy men restrained them with fair words and turned them back to London.There was Sir John Slack taken from the king's chapel at Westminster and brought to London, placed in prison in Ludgate. John Bagot was taken in Ireland and brought to London, imprisoned in Newgate to await his answer. Shortly after, the duke brought King Richard privately to London and kept him in the Tower as a prisoner. Then the lords of the realm, with all their counsel, came to the Tower to King Richard and said to him about his misgovernance of the realm with the commons' consent. They chose this worthy lord, Sir Henry Bolingbroke, Earl of Derby, Duke of Hereford and Duke of Lancaster, by rightful heritage and for his rightful manhood, whom the people found before all others. They chose him and made him king of England among them. Innocent VII was chosen in Rome and reigned for only two years. Then Gregory XII succeeded him, and there was much debate. Alexander was then chosen in the council of Pisa and he was\n\n(Note: The text appears to be in Old English, but it is actually in Early Modern English, which is still largely readable without significant translation. The main issue is the inconsistent use of diacritics and the presence of some abbreviations. I have corrected the diacritics and expanded the abbreviations where necessary to maintain the original meaning.)Called first Peter of Candia, and he was set in opposition to each of the three who claimed to be pope. Then there was a council at Pisa where they began to form a concordat and there they deposed the two and the third, making a worse schism than before. For they did not order a proper election.\n\nRobert was Emperor after Wenceslaus, and he had nine battles against the Turk. And he always had the victory, and all other things that were written in praise of Constantine, Theodosius, Carolus, and Otto may truly be written of him. He was crowned in Hungary and died a blessed man.\n\nAfter King Richard II was deposed and out of his kingdom, the lords and commons, along with all other worthy men of the realm, chose Henry Bolingbroke, Earl of Derby, son and heir of John, Duke of Lancaster, for his worthy character which had often been proven in him and in deeds. On St. Edward's day, the confessor, he was crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey.After King Richard's deposition, Westminster was in turmoil next. Henry, his eldest son, was made Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall, and Earl of Chester. The people held false opinions and believed that many had come to great harm and met foul deaths, as you will read later. When King Henry knew for certain that his father was dead, he had him treated with respect and placed in a fine chest with various spices and balms. He then told him that he and the Duke of Surrey and the Duke of Exeter were to proceed to London as quickly as possible to seek help, support, and counsel. But those who intended to put the king to death fled in haste. The dukes of Surrey and Exeter, along with their men, went to the town of Chester. There, the heads of the people were cut off and their knights' heads were displayed.In the same year, Duke of Gloucester had his rival Duke of Exeter's head brought to London and placed on London Bridge. And at Bristol, the Lord Spenser, whom King Richard had made Earl of Gloucester, was taken by the town's commons, brought to the market place, and beheaded. His head was then sent to London and placed on London Bridge. In this same year, Sir Bernard Brokes knight was taken and imprisoned in the Tower of London. Sir John Shelley knight and Sir John Mawdelyn, and Sir William Ferry of London were taken to Tyburn and hanged. Their heads were then placed on London Bridge. And in this same year, King Henry sent Queen Isabella back to France, who was Richard's wife.In the second year of King Henry the Fourth, Sir Roger Clarington and two of his men, the priory of Launde, eight friars minor, and some masters of divinity, and other traitors who acted against the king, were drawn and hanged at Tyburn. A great discord and debate arose in the country of Wales between Lord Grey of Ruthin and Owen Glendower, squire of Wales. Owen gathered a great number of Welshmen and kept them around him strongly, causing much harm and destroying the king's towns and lordships throughout all Wales. He robbed and killed both English and Welsh people, and this lasted for twelve years. Lord Grey of Ruthin took him prisoner and kept him in custody until he was ransomed by the king's marchers and kept him for a long time in custody. At last, he had him executed.One of his daughters kept him with his wife, and soon after he died. And then King Henry, knowing this mischief, destruction, and treason wrought by this Owen, immediately ordered a strong power of men-at-arms and archers, and much other equipment for war, to quell and destroy the malice of this false Welshman. And then the king came into Wales with his power to try this Owen and other false Welsh rebels. But they fled into the mountains, and there the king could do them no harm in any way. And so he returned to England due to the loss of much of his people. In this same year, there was great scarcity of wheat in England, with a quarter of wheat at sixteen shillings. And merchandise from England was sent to Prussia for wheat, and they had loaded and freighted ships enough and came home safely, thank God, for all his gifts. In the third year of King Henry's reign, there was a star seen.in the formation that showed itself throughout the world for various reasons, one of which was the star named by the clergy in the same year, was the battle of Shrewsbury. And there, came Sir Henry Percy, the earl's son of Northumberland, with a great multitude of men-at-arms and archers, and gave battle to King Henry the Fourth through the false and wicked counsel of Sir Thomas Percy, his uncle, earl of Worcester. And there, Sir Henry Percy was slain, and most of his people in the flight. Sir Thomas Percy was judged to death to be drawn and hanged, and his head struck off for his false treason at Shrewsbury. His head was brought to London and set on London Bridge.\n\nAnd the other people who were killed on both sides, the king allowed to be buried.\n\nAnd there were killed on the king's side in that battle the Earl of Stafford.Sir Walter Blunte in the king's coterie, under the king's banner, and many more worthy men, on whose souls God have mercy. Amen.\n\nIn the fourth year of King Henry's reign came the Emperor of Constantinople with many great solaces and knights and much other people of his country into England to King Henry with him to speak and to disport and to see the good governance & conditions of our people & to know the comedies of England. And our king, with all his lords, received and welcomed him and all his numerous retinue graciously and worshipfully. And another king commanded all manner of officers that he should be served as worthy and royally as became such a worthy lord. And Emperor, at his own expense, as long as the Emperor was in England and all his men who came with him.\n\nIn this same year came Dame Jane, the Duchess of Brittany, into England and landed at Falmouth in Cornwall. From thenceShe was brought to the city of Winchester and there she was married to King Henry the Fourth in the abbey of St. Swithin's, Winchester, with all the solemnity it could afford. Shortly thereafter, she was brought from there to London. The mayor and the alderman, with the commons of the city of London, rode against her and welcomed her, bringing her through the city to Westminster, where she was crowned queen of England. There, the king made a royal and splendid feast for her and for all the men who would come. In this same year, Dame Blanche, the eldest daughter of King Henry the Fourth, was sent overseas with the Earl of Somerset, her uncle, and Master Richard Clyfford, Bishop of Worcester, and with many other lords, knights, ladies, and worthy squires who longed to see such a king's daughter. There came the Duke's son of Barre with a fair following and received this worthy lady, and the Bishop of Worcester married and united them.In the church it was held. And a rich feast and great justice were made in the reverence of the Lord and all the people who were there when this marriage and feast were completed. The earl and the bishop, along with all their men, took their leave of the Lord and the lady and returned to England safely, giving thanks to God. In the fifth year of King Henry's reign, the Lord Thomas, his son, crossed the sea with the earl of Kent and many other lords and knights with him, armed and with archers, to chastise the rebels who had caused much harm to our Englishmen and merchants, as well as to many towns and ports in England on the coast. The Lord Thomas, the king's son, came into Flanders before a town called Sluse, among all the ships of various nations that were there. Afterward, they rode with their ships among them and waited on land for two days before returning to their ships and taking to the open sea. There they met with three Caracks of Genoa that were laden with cargo.diverse marauders and well manned. They fought together for a long time, but the Englishmen gained the victory and brought the carriages into the camp before Winchelsea. There, the people of the realm were in great error and grumbling against the king through the influence of lies and false accusations that this Serle had made. For many people trusted and believed in his saving. But at last he was taken in the northern country and there, by law, was judged to be drawn through every city and good borough towns in England and so he was served, and at the last was brought to London unto the guildhall before the justice and there was judged to be brought to the tower of London and there to be laid on an hurdle and then drawn through the city of London to Tyburn and there to be hanged and then quartered and his head struck off and set on London bridge and his quarters to be sent to the four godly towns of England and there set up. Thus ended he for his treason and deceased.\n\nIn the 6th year of King Henry's reign.In the fourth year of King Henry's reign, the Earl of Marr of Scotland came into England to challenge Sir Edmond Earl of Kent to certain courses of war on horseback. And so this challenge was accepted and granted, and the place was taken in Smithfield, London. The Earl of Marr, the Scot, came proudly into the field as his challenge demanded. Immediately, the Earl of Kent rode out to meet him and fought manfully with sharp sword and granted him much worship and thanks from all men for his manly deeds.\n\nIn the seventh year of King Henry's reign, Sir Richard Scrope, Archbishop of York, and the Earl Marshal of England gathered a strong power against King Henry. Hearing of this, the king came with his power northward and met them at York. There, these two lords were taken and brought before the king.\n\nImmediately, the judges were seated, and these two lords were brought forth and condemned to death. Both their heads were struck off.They made an end on whose souls God, for His pity, have mercy. Amen. And when this was done, the king came to London again and there rested himself. Anon, God of His great goodness worked and showed many great miracles for this worthy cleric, Archbishop of York, who had been done to death. In the seventh year of King Henry's reign, Dame Luke, the duke's sister of Malines, came into England and then to London. There she was wedded to Sir Edmond Earl of Kent in the priory of St. Mary Overies in Southwark, with much solemnity and great worship. The king was there himself and gave them at the church door. When they were wedded and mass was done, the king himself brought and led this worthy lady into the bishop's place of Winchester and there was a great feast held for all manner of people who would come. And the same year, Sir Robert Knolles, a worthy warrior, died at his manor in Northfolk. From thence he was brought to London on a horse with much torch light, and so he was.In this year, Sir Thomas Rampston, knight and Constable of the Tower of London, was brought to the White Friars in Fleet Street. A solemn feast and rich entertainment were prepared for him there, for both the rich and the poor. He is buried in the middle of the church body, where God, in His mercy, have pity on his soul. Amen.\n\nAnd in the same year, Sir Thomas Rampston, knight and Constable of the Tower of London, was drenched at London Bridge as he came from Westminster to the Tower in a barge due to negligence. In the same year, Lady Philippa, the younger daughter of King Henry, was taken across the sea with Sir Richard, Duke of York, and Bishop Edmond Courtenay of Norwich, and many other lords, knights, squires, ladies, and gentlewomen who were appointed to such a king's daughter. The king received this worthy lady as his wife and welcomed these worthy lords with great honor. They were brought to a town called London in Denmark, and there was this:In the eighth year of King Henry's reign, there was a man called the Wallseyer cleric. He accused a knight named Sir Percival Sunde of treason. They were ordered to fight each other to the utterance in Smithfield, and on that day, the two men came to the field and fought fiercely. However, in the end, the knight overcame the cleric and made him confess his false accusation against him. The cleric was then disarmed and driven out of the field. They fiercely resisted him.And anyone laid his ordnance and in the lying of a goon there came a quarrel and struck Good Earl Edmond in the head, and there he caught his deceit but yet they left not until they had taken the castle and all that were therein. And this good Lord died, on whose soul God have mercy. Amen. And then this multitude came home again into England with the Earl's body and was buried among his ancestors right worthily. And in the same year was a great frost in England that lasted fifteen weeks. And in the tenth year of King Henry's reign, the fourth came the Son of Henaude with other men to seek adventures and to gain honor in deeds of arms both on horseback and on foot at all manner points of warfare, and the king dubbed him knight at that time. And on the seventh day after came another man of arms of Henaude into the field, and to him came John Standish squire, and manfully he fought him.In the field, and there the king made a knight that same day. And on the same day came another man of arms from Hendon. To him came a squire from Gascony. He proudly and manfully defeated his adversary and, in the field, the king knighted him.\n\nOn the eighth day came into the field two other men of arms from Hendon, and with them met two soldiers of Calais, who were two brothers called Burghes. They fought well and manfully against their adversaries and had the better in the field. And thus ended these challenges with many great lordships.\n\nThen the king, at the reception of these worthy strangers, made a great feast and gave them many great and rich gifts. And then they took their leave and went home again into their own country.\n\nIn the eleventh year of King Henry's reign, there was a great battle in Smithfield between two squires: one was called Gloucester.parlement. And Arthur was the defendaunte / and well & manly they foughten togyder longe tyme / & the kyng for theyr man\u2223fulnesse and of his grace toke theyr quarel into his honde and made theym to go out of the fel\u2223de at ones & so they were deuyded of the batayl and ye kynge gaf them grace. \u00b6And in the .xii. yere of kynge Henryes regne the fourth. Rys\u2223dye a squyre of wales that was arybelle a ryset dyde moche dystruccyon to the people of wales was taken and brought to London & there he came afore the Iustices and was dampned for his treson / and than he was layd on an hurdell & soo dra\u2223wen to Tyburne thrugh the cyte and there he was hanged and lete downe aye\u0304 & his heed smi\u00a6te\u0304 of and the body quartred & sente vnto foure townes and his hede sete on London brydge. \u00b6And in the .xiii. yere of kynge Henryes reg\u2223ne tho deyed syre Iohan Beauforde erle of So\u00a6mersette. that was Capytayne of Calays and was buryed at the abbaye of the Tour hyll on whos soule god haue mercy Amen. And in the same yere the lorde ThomasKing Henry's son married the Countess of Somerset. In the same year, French embassadors came to England from the Duke of Burgundy to Prince Henry, son of King Henry, seeking help and soldiers against the Duke of Orl\u00e9ans. They sailed over the sea with the Earl of Arundell, Sir Gilbert Umfreville, Earl of Kendal, Lord Cobham, Sir John Oldcastle, and many other good knights and worthy squires, and numerous archers to France. They were received and warmly welcomed by the Duke of Burgundy in Paris, and then it was revealed to him that the Duke of Orl\u00e9ans was approaching Semur-en-Auxois near Paris with a large army and arbalests. Our Englishmen and their lords went there and fought against them, securing the bridge of Semur. The Duke of Orl\u00e9ans sent embassadors to King Henry IV of England to ask for his help and support against his deadly enemy, the Duke of Burgundy.The king made Thomas his son duke of Clarence, John duke of Bedford, and Humfrey duke of Gloucester, as well as Thomas Beaufort earle of Dorset and the duke of York. The king ordered his son Thomas, Thomas Beaufort earle of Dorset, and Sir John Cornwall, along with many other lords, knights, squires, and men-at-arms and archers, to sail over the sea to Flanders to aid and strengthen the duke of Orl\u00e9ans. These worthy lords embarked from Hampton and sailed over the sea to Normandy and landed at Hogges. There they met the lord Hamme and his seven thousand men-at-arms of Frenchmen and three sergeants-at-arms with them. They were all put to flight and taken by them. Seven hundred men-at-arms and four hundred horses, excluding those slain in the field, were captured. They then rode through all of Flanders, taking castles, towns, and killing many Frenchmen.that they stopped them and took many prisoners as they rode. And so they passed on until they came to Bourdeaux, where they rested a while and set the country in peace until the wind was ready to sail. And then the duke with his men returned safely to England, thanking God. And in the same year, the king's coin was changed throughout England by the king and his council - it is said, the noble half noble and farthing of gold.\n\nIn the fourth year of King Henry's reign, he allowed Galas to make preparations for war, for he had hoped to have passed the great sea and so forth to Jerusalem and there to end his life. But God visited him with infirmities and great sickness, so that he could not endure while he was so fiercely taken and brought to Westminster in a fair chamber. As he lay in his bed, he asked his chamberlain what they called that chamber, and he answered and said Jerusalem. And then he said that the prophecy said that he should make it his dwelling place.An end and death in Jerusalem. Then he made his peace with God and disposed all his will. And so, after he died, he was carried by water from Westminster in a barge to Feversham. From there, he was carried to Canterbury by land with much torch light burning into the abbey of Christ Church and there he was entered and buried beside St. Thomas of Canterbury's shrine. Thus ended the worthy king Henry around mid-Sunday in the year of our Lord 1421. God have mercy on his soul. Amen.\n\nMartin V was pope after John XXI for 13 years. This man was chosen by the council of Constantinople and the other was deposed. And so peace came in the church which was long desired and necessary for the defense of the faith. This was the mightiest pope ever in riches and a great judge. He built town walls, streets, and destroyed heresies. He did much good through the noble prince Sigismund. And he gathered much money to obtain the holy land.\"But death came upon him and let him make a counsel before his death for the matter, and there he deceased. Eugenius became pope after Martin's seventeenth year. This Eugenius was chosen peaceably after Martin's death, and there was no doubt that he was pope. But soon after, he was expelled from Rome. He was cited to Basilian's council and deposed, but he did not resign. This began the strife once again, which lasted until his death. Those who favored him said he was worthy of much loving, and the contrary said those who were against him. Regardless of what he was after he had taken the dignity upon him before he was obstinate and of good fame, and what he did after that I leave to the judgment of God.\n\nAnd after the death of King Henry the Fourth, King Henry his son, who was born at Monmouth in Wales, reigned. He was a worthy king, gracious, and a great conqueror. In the first year of his reign, for great love and goodness, he sent\"At the ferries of Langley, there, as his father had done, buried King Richard the Second and let take his body out of the earth again, bringing it to Westminster in a royal chariot covered with black velvet and banners of diverse arms about it. And all the horses drawing the chariot were draped in black and beaten with various arms. Moreover, many torches burning all the way until he came to Westminster. And there he let make for him a royal and solemn entrance and buried him by Queen Anne his wife, as his own desire was, on further side of St. Edward's shrine in the abbey of St. Peter's in Westminster. God have mercy on his soul, Amen.\n\nIn this same year, there were certain lollards and false heretics taken who had purposed, through false treason, to slay our king and to destroy all the clergy of the realm. But our Lord God would not suffer it. In haste, our king had warning of this and of all their false ordinances and workings.and suddenly appeared before Saint John, outside the city, and took some of the Lollers and false heretics and brought them before the king. They confessed their false intentions and plans had they been able to reign. They identified their captains and governors, and the king commanded them to the Tower of London. More were taken within and without the city and sent to Newgate. They were brought before the clergy and the king's justices for their false heresy and condemned for their treason before the justice.\n\nThis was their sentence: they were to be drawn from the Tower of London to St. Giles' Field and there hanged and burned at the gallows.\n\nSir Roger Acton, knight, was taken for heresy and treason against the king and the realm.He came before the clergy and requested that they play with him and for his lords, as it would be more beneficial for him since he had sent word to our king. And when the king had heard their words and the Dolphin's response, he was greatly surprised and very displeased towards the Frenchmen and the king and the Dolphin. He thought to avenge himself as soon as God granted him grace and might. He also ordered the preparation of ten balls for the Dolphin, large ones for him to play with. Then, the king immediately summoned all his lords to a great council at Westminster. He informed them of the Dolphin's response and the worthy embassy he had sent to him and his lords to play with. At the council, the king and his lords agreed to be ready in arms with as much power as could be gathered and all other supplies necessary for war. They were to assemble at a specified time.Southampton, without delay, the king ordered his navy of ships, along with all manner of ordnance, into the harbor of Southampton, numbering around 300 and 20 sailes. And there a great disease and a foul mischief arose, for there were three lords who, whom the king trusted much, and through false covetousness they had planned and imagined the king's death and thought to have slain him and all his brothers, had they not taken the sea. These three lords before mentioned, for gain of money, had made a promise to the Frenchmen to slay King Henry the Eighth and all his brothers by a false trick. But Almighty God held His holy hand over them and saved.them from these perilous men. And to carry out this act, they received a million of gold from the Frenchmen, and this was openly known. For their false treason, they were all three indicted and sentenced to be led through Hampton and without Northgate to be beheaded. And thus they ended their lives for their false covetousness and treason. Immediately after this was done, the king and all his men made ready and set sail with five hundred ships and arrived at St. Catherine's in Normandy on Lady Day with all his ordinance. And so he went forth to Harfleur and besieged the town both by land and water. He sent to the captain of the town and demanded its surrender. The captain said he would yield none of it to him, but urged him to do his best. And then the king laid his siege engines, trebuchets, and artillery, and shot.cast at the walls and also against the town, and cast down both towers and the town and laid them onto the earth. And those within the town, when they should play their songs, were all away, and alas that such ten-balls were made, and cursed all those who began the war and the time that they were born. And on the morrow the king cried out at every gate of the town that every man should be ready early in the morning to make an assault upon it. And William Boucher and John Grante with twelve other burgesses came to the king and begged him with their royal prince's princely power to withdraw his malice and destruction that he did to them, and begged him for eight days of respite and true if any rescue might come to them; otherwise, to yield up the town to him with all their goods. Then the king sent for the captain and kept the remainder with him. And Lord Gaucort, who was captain of the town, went forth.Roy in all haste to the Dolphin for help and succor, but there was none, no man to rescue. The Dolphin would not abide. And thus this Captain returned to the king and delivered him the keys and begged him to go and put out all the Frenchmen, both men, women, and children, from his town of Harlech. The duke of York fell on his knees and begged the king above that he would grant him the wardship in his bailiff's place that day. And the King granted him his request and said, \"Thank you, cousin of York, and pray make yourself ready.\" Then he had every man prepare himself a stake of tree and sharp both ends, so that the stake might be set in the earth at a slope, so that their enemies should not overcome them on horseback, for that was their false purpose. And they arrayed themselves to overrun their enemy suddenly at the first coming of them at the first, and all the night before the battle the Frenchmen made many great fires and much noise.The day arose, and the king ordered his battalion and wings to assemble. He instructed each man to remain together and prayed for their safety. When they were ready, he asked for the time and they replied, \"prime.\" The king then declared, \"It is now good time for all England. Pray for us,\" and therefore, \"be of good cheer and let us begin our journey.\" The king then loudly proclaimed in the name of the almighty God and St. George, \"Banner and St. George, aid us this day.\"\n\nThe Frenchmen approached, attempting to ride over our men. But God and our archers made them stumble. Our archers never missed their shot, and it perished both horse and man. They shot that day for a wager, and their stakes caused them to topple over each other, lying on stakes two feet long. The king, with his men and his men-at-arms and archers, proceeded with the journey.And they hacked at them thickly with arrows and laid on with staves, and our king with his hood fought fiercely that day. And thus God Almighty and St. George brought our enemies to their knees and gave us the victory. There were more than 11,000 Frenchmen slain in the field of Agincourt that day, along with our prisoners, and there were more than sixty thousand Frenchmen in the field. But God fought for us that day. And news came to our King that a new battle of Frenchmen was being readied to attack him and was approaching. And our King cried out that every man should kill his prisoners and prepare them to fight again with the French. And when they saw that our men were killing their prisoners, they withdrew and broke their battle lines and all their array. And thus our king was a worthy conqueror, having won the victory in the field of Agincourt.Pycardye / And our king returned there where the battle was to see what Englishmen were slain and help those who were injured. The duke of Berkeley, the duke of Alva, the duke of Brabant, the Earl of Naunton, the Chief Constable of France, and eight earls, the Archbishops of Rouen and of good barons numbering over a hundred and fifty, and worthy knights in great armor numbering a thousand and five hundred, were among those killed on the English side. And the duke of York and the Earl of Southfolk, as well as all other Englishmen, were not killed except for twenty-six. This battle took place on a Friday, which was the feast day of St. Crispin and Crispian in the month of October. And the king immediately commanded that they be buried, and the duke of York and the Earl of Southfolk be carried with him. Prisoners included the duke of Orl\u00e9ans, the duke of Bourbon, the Earl of Vendome, the Earl of Ew, and Sir Burghersh Marshall.Of Frauce and many other worthy lords were taken in this battle of Aygncourte and brought to the town of Calais and over the sea with the king to England, landing at Dover in Kent, with all prisoners safe, thank God Almighty. And so they came to Canterbury and offered at St. Thomas shrine, and he rode forth through the countryside of Kent the next way to Eltham, where he rested until he would come to London. Then the mayor of London and the aldermen shrewly dressed, with all the worthy commuters and craftsmen, came to the Blackheath well to welcome our king with diverse melodies, and thanked Almighty God for his gracious victory shown to him. And so the king and his prisoners passed by them until he came to St. Thomas watering, and there met him all religious men with procession and welcomed him. And so the king came tidings with his prisoners through the city of London, where many a fair sight was shown.at the conduits and at the cross in Cheape, as in heavenly array of angels archangels, patriarchs, prophets, and virgins with diverse melodies singing and singing to welcome the king, and all the conduits running with wine. The king passed forth to St. Paul's and there met him the bishops, all revered and mitered with censers to welcome the king. They sang for his gracious victory. Tedeum laudamus. And there the king offered and took his horse and rode to Westminster. Then the mayor took his leave of the king and rode home again.\n\nIn the third year of King Henry's reign, the fifth came the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and King of Hungary into England and to the city of London. The mayor and aldermen with the sheriffs and worthy craftsmen of London, by the king's commandment, met him on the Blackheath in the best array that they could live to show.\n\nHe thanked the king and all his lords. Then the king and he went over the sea.In the year following Calais, the king stayed there a long time to receive an answer from the French king. At last, it came and pleased him right enough, and the Emperor took his leave of the king and passed on in God's name. Our king crossed the sea into England as quickly as possible, arriving at Lambeth on St. Luke's Day. The following Monday, he came to the parliament at Westminster. In the fourth year of King Henry's reign, the fifth parliament was held at Westminster at the beginning of October and lasted until the purification of our lady next after. A great famine of corn occurred in England that year, but thank God it did not last long.\n\nIn the fourth year of King Henry's reign, he held the fifth parliament at Westminster at the beginning of October and it lasted until the purification of our lady next after. A grant was made to him for maintaining his spiritual and temporal wars. The whole king and all his lords embarked and set sail for Normandy, landing on Lammas Day next after. There, he made forty-eight captures.The king, hearing of nine great caracks, galleys, and ships approaching to destroy his navy, commanded the Earl of March to be chief captain and summoned other worthy lords with armed men and archers to the sea. The Earl took his men and set sail, keeping the sea coasts to prevent any enemies from rowing upon the sea. The king then sent his heralds to the Captain of Tower and demanded the delivery of his castle and town, threatening neither man nor child's life if they refused. The Captain and four other town burgeses brought the keys to the King, who delivered them to Sir John Kee. The Earl was then given the keys, and he handed them over.The king took them back and made him captain of the castle of Louers and all that belonged to it, charging him to deliver out all the Frenchmen or else he would take it with the strength of his hand. And they answered and said that he took none to keep nor the ward deliver to him. So he immediately laid siege to the town and placed guns on every side and battered down both walls and towers, killing many people in their houses and in the streets. The good duke of Clarence brought down the walls on his side towards the barbican. And soon, with the king's counsel, they assaulted the town all around. The duke of Clarence was then entered into the town and killed right up to the king, sparing neither man nor child.Clarence and Saint George cried out, and on the walls near the king's side was a worthy man named Springs, whom the king commanded to be buried in the abbey of Canterbury by William the Conqueror. \"May God have mercy on his soul. Amen.\" Afterward, the king entered the town with his brother, the Duke of Clarence, and many other noble lords, with great solemnity and merriment. The king then commanded the captain to deliver him the castle. The captain begged the king for fourteen days of respite if any resistance would come, and if none would come to deliver him the keys and the castle at his command. Under this composition were the towns and castles of Bayeux, with others, and a villa for a castle. He charged them to keep the town and castle well. Before our king went there, he laid siege to Chirbury, and this siege kept the Duke of Gloucester with a strong power.and the mighty/ and by process of time made him a captain of the same town. And at this time, the good Earl of Warwick laid siege to Donnfronte and took it, installing a captain. Regarding the Earl of March, the king had ordered him to sail the seas and protect the coasts of England against all enemies. The wind rose against them, and they feared they would all be lost, but through the grace of almighty God and good governance, they rode before the eye of the storm all that turmoil. Two carracks and two balingers, laden with merchandise and other great goods, were lost, and all the people within them. Another carrack was wrecked before Hampton and three of its masts were carried over the walls of the town. This occurred on St. Bartholomew's day. Once the storm had passed, this worthy Earl of March took his ships with his men and went to the sea, landing in Normandy at Hogges, and then proceeded to join the king. As he traveled,French men fled and an Anthony Pig came and followed the host all the way until they reached a great water. There they feared being drowned or soaked, for the water closed in on them so they could not get out. But at last, God almighty and this Anthony Pig brought them all safely out. And there they caught a guide who knew the country and he led them through a quick sand. And so they continued on to an island. They also took many prisoners along the way to work for the king in their journey. And then they went to the castle Can and there the king welcomed him and took his journey from Argentun immediately. Then the king went from there to Lord Cobham, who was arrested for heresy and brought to the Tower of London. Immediately after, he broke the Tower and went to Wales and there he stayed for a long time. And at last, Lord Powys took him, but he held out at great defense for a long time.In the sixth year of King Henry the Fifth, he sent his uncle, Sir Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter, with a large army and archers before the city of Rome. There, he displayed his banner and sent heralds to the town, ordering them to yield to our king, their liege lord. They replied that he took none of them to keep nor any heed.should have found it there, if it had been bought and paid for with their hands, they would have given nothing but guns. And there, the duke took a good sign of the ground all around. And immediately, a great multitude of armed men issued out of the city, both on horseback and on foot, and our men met them and overcame a great part of them there, taking and killing thirty persons of good men's bodies, and the remainder fled back into the town. And the duke went to Pountlarge to the king. And told him all how he had fared and how he liked the ground.\n\nAnd immediately, as the duke was gone, they pulled down all the suburbs around the city to the hard ground. Because the king should not refuse. And on the Friday before Lammas Day then following, one king with his host came before Ronne. And he set his siege around that city. And he let lay his ordinance against the town. And the king with hisLords were lodged within the charter house and great strength around them, which was in the eastern part of the city. And then the duke of Clarence lodged himself with all his strength and power at the western end in a waste abbey before Proce Chans. And the duke of Exeter with his men at the northern side before the Porte Beauesyn. And between the duke of Clarence and the duke of Exeter was the Earl Marshal lodged with many people and a strong power before the castle gate.\n\nAnd then the Earl of Ormond, Lord Harrington, and also Lord Talbot with their retinue and company were next to him.\n\nAnd then Sir John Cornwall with many other noble knights and squires of name with all their retinue lay with the noble duke of Clarence.\n\nAnd from the duke of Exeter towards the king we lodged the Lord Roos and the lord Willoughby with the Lord Pheh\u00e9, Sir William Porter knight with their retinue before the porte of Saint Hilary. And then the Earl of Mortain.With his retinue lodged in the abbey of St. Katherine. The Earl of Salisbury, with his retinue, lay on the other side of St. Katherine's, and Sir John Grey knight was lodged at the abbey called Mont-de-Saint-Michel, and Sir Philip Leche, the king's treasurer, was lodged between the waters of the Seine and the abbey, keeping watch under the hill. The Baron of Carrow was lodged under the water side to keep the passage, and Ienyco the squire lay next to him on the water side, and these two squires kept the waters of the Seine and fought with their enemies often. And on the other side of the Seine lay the Earl of Huntingdon and Master Newell, the Earl's son of Westmoreland, and Sir Gilbert Umfraville. Above the chain, the king allowed a bridge to be made over the waters of the Seine for man and horse and all other transportation at all times when needed. Then the Earl of Warwick arrived and had reached King Henry of England. Immediately, the king sentThe earl of Warwick went to Caubec for a siege. When he arrived before the town, he sent his heralds to the captain and demanded that he surrender the town under threat of death. He immediately laid siege. The captain begged the earl to come before him, and the earl granted his request. The captain and four other burghers then came out and pleaded with the earl, and he granted that the town would be placed under composition, as was the case with the City of Rome.\n\nMateruas was the captain of the Porte de la Castelle. Mon sir de Preant was the captain of the Porte of St. Hilary. The Bastard of Tine was the captain of the Porte Martenville. Grant Iakes was a worthy warrior and governor outside, both on horseback and on foot, of all men of arms who issued from the city through all the gates. Then he arrayed them all, preparing them to encounter the enemy.Our men carried on the siege. And each captain brought five thousand men of arms and some more. And when our king first arrived, they were numbered by Herodes into three hundred thousand people, men, women, and children, young and old. Among them were many a man full of hands, and they proved themselves when they issued out of the city, both on horseback and on foot. They never came to one gate alone, but at three or four gates, and at every gate, two or three thousand good men's bodies, armed and manfully encountered us. And this siege lasted twenty weeks. Each person in the town expected to be rescued, but none came. So they kept the town for so long that many thousands died within the town due to a lack of food for men and children. They had eaten their horses, dogs, and cats that were in the town. And often times, the men of arms drove out the defenders.The people gathered at the gates of the town for spending vital supplies, and immediately our Englishmen drove them back into the town. Eventually, the captain of the town showed us the misery and that they were not rescued, as well as the scarcity of supplies, and that many thousands died every day due to lack of food. Young children lay and sucked their mothers' breasts and were dead. Then, they sent to the king begging for his grace and mercy and brought the keys of the town to the king and delivered the town to him, along with all the soldiers, who plundered the town with their horses and harnesses, and the common people were to remain and dwell in the town yearly to pay him and his successors for all manner of customs and fees and markets. And then the king entered the town and rested in the castle until it was set in rule and governance.\n\nAfter that, Ronne was taken deep and many other towns in lower Normandy.In this year, the townspeople surrendered without strike or siege once they understood that the king had taken Rome. A peace had been made and sworn between the Duke of Burgoyne and the Dauphin, sworn on God's body that they would love and assist each other against their enemies. However, contrary to this oath, Duke John of Burgoyne was slain and pitifully murdered in the presence of the Dauphin. The French were greatly divided and in desperate need of a treaty with the King of England. The King of England daily took their towns, castles, and fortresses.\n\nThis same year, Queen Jane was arrested and brought to the castle of Leeds in Kent. And on the 21st day of the same month, the queen came. And on the 24th of the same month, she was crowned at Westminster.\n\nImmediately after Easter, the king held a parliament at Westminster. At this parliament, it was ordered that the gold in English coin should be weighed, and none received except by weight. The body of the coin.In the same year between Christmas and Candlemas, the town of Mylon was yielded to the king. And in the second year, on St. Nicholas Day in December, Henry, the king's first-born son, was born at Windsor. Whose godfather at the font was Sir Henry Bishop of Winchester and John, Duke of Bedford, and the Duchess of Holland was godmother. And in the tenth year, the city of Meaux in Brittany was obtained, which had been long besieged. And this same year, the queen shipped at Southampton and sailed over to the king in France where she was reverently received by the king, and also by the king of France, her father, and her mother. And thus, King Henry quickly gained France and held great estate, and sat at a great feast in Paris, crowned, and the queen also, who had not been seen before, was crowned as well. And all the people resorted to his court.but the king of France held no estate or rule, but was left almost alone. In this year, the weather vane was set upon St. Paul's Steeple at London. And in the month of August, the king fell ill at Bois de Vicomtesse / and when he saw he was going to die, he made his testament and ordered many noble deeds for his soul, devoutly receiving all the rights of the holy church. When he was anointed, he said the service with the priest, and at the verse of the psalm of \"Miserere mei Deus\" that was \"Benigne fac, Domine, in bona voluntate tuas,\" ut edificentur muri Ierusalem, he asked the priest to tarry and said, \"O good Lord, you know that my intent has been and is, if I might live, to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem.\" Then the priest proceeded and anointed the most noble and virtuous prince and leader in Christian chivalry of his time, whom the whole world doubted had given his soul to God and died.The body was embaled and carried in a richly adorned chariot, with an image resembling him placed on top of it. Various banners and horses, adorned with the arms of England and France, accompanied the procession. The king of Scotland and many other lords joined the procession until it reached Westminster in England. At every town along the way, the king paid his respects with a solemn dirge and mass on the morrow, and alms were given to the poor. Seven days after the corpse arrived, it was solemnly buried at Westminster, where it now lies. A royal image of silver and gold, made at, was placed on his tomb.King Henry the Fifth's expenses for Queen Katherine. And thus ended and was entered and buried the noble king Henry the Fifth, upon whose soul and all Christian souls, God have mercy, Amen.\n\nNote that King Henry the Fifth was a noble prince after he became king and was crowned, as previously mentioned. And since his father had deposed him by his labor and pitifully caused him to die, and for the offense done against him, he had gone to Rome to seek absolution. For this offense, our holy father the pope enjoined him to be prayed for perpetually. And just as he had been taken from him his natural life, therefore he should have four tapers burning perpetually about his body, so that for the extinction of his bodily life, his soul may ever be remembered and live in spiritual life in heaven. And also, every week on the day approaching his death, there should be a solemn Requiem Mass and on the eve before, a dirge to be sung to the poor people.always on that day of axix shellings and vii pens to be dealt with a penny meal, and one in the year at his anniversaries, his term to be held in the most honest way, & every monk xx shellings. Whych all these things this noble king performed for his father, for King Henry the fourth, his father performed not during his life, of whom it is said that God touched him and he was leperous that he died.\n\nAnd also this noble prince allowed all the abbots and priests of St. Benet's order in England to be called into the chapel house of Westminster for the reform of their order. In which he had communion, and also with bishops and me of the spirituality. So far that they doubted sore that he would have taken the temporalties out of their hands. Wherefore by the advice of his labors and the encouragement of the spirituality, the king challenged Normandy and his right in France, to that intent to set him a work there.That he should not seek any occasions to enter into such matters, and throughout all his life time afterwards he labored and was busy in the war and in conquering a great part of the realm of France. And afterwards, by the grant of King Charles, he had the governance and rule of the realm of France, and he was proclaimed king and heir of France. And so, notwithstanding all this great war, he remembered his soul and also thought that he was mortal and needs must die for which cause he ordered by his life time the place of his burial where he is buried, and has every day three masses perpetually sung in a chapel of his sepulcher. The first and the last mass shall be as it is assigned by him, as it appears by these verses following.\n\nFirst let the assumption be made on the feast of the Virgin.\nAsks the last Christ, rising from death.\nThe first greeting is from the feast of the Virgin.\nThe angelic choirs announce the last praise.\nBe.\n\n(Note: The text appears to be in Middle English, and the given text is likely a transcription of a manuscript. The text seems to be a part of a will or a testament, where the person is ordering the arrangements for his burial and the perpetual singing of masses in his chapel. The verses following the text are likely hymns or prayers to be sung during the masses.)The text reads: \"deum natum de virgine prima fatetur, Comemorat natam sic vicima missa Mariam, Prima celebretur ad honore Neupmatis almi. Ultima conceptam denunciat, Semper prima colideber de corpore Christi, Ultima sit facta de virgine purificata, Concedet ut prima celebretur de truce sancta, Atque salutate omnes ad sanctos est prima colenda super nos, Ultima de requie pro defunctis petitet esse. Semper erit media de proprietate d. And yet the noble King Henry the fifth founded two houses of religion, one called Syon beside Brainford, of the order of St. Brigid. He did so many noble acts, not only for his soul to be perpetually remembered and prayed for, but also in his conquests and being in his most luxurious age, he strove to avoid sin and was a great justicar. All the princes of Christendom feared him and also of pagans. He had determined within himself, if God would have spared him, to have waged war on the Saracens and to know the aid of other princes and all the passages in the journey, he sent a knight of Henaude named Hugh.\"de Lanoye en route to Jerusalem, but before he returned, he died at the walls of Venice in the 36th year of his age. May God have mercy on his soul, Amen.\nFelix V was pope when Eugenius was deposed in the ninth year. This man, Felix, was duke of Savoy and descended from the princely line. And he saw his child, this man, live a holy life, who was chosen pope of the council of Basyle when Eugenius was deposed. And there was strife for a long time. He had little obedience for the deposition of Eugenius. And at last Eugenius died. And then Felix's mother, for some said one way and some another, could not determine this day because one party said that the pope was about to be chosen. So they left it undetermined. And therefore God must dispose for the best.\nAlbert was emperor after Sigismund for one year. This Albert was the duke of Austria and new to Sigismund. And therefore he was king of Bohemia and Hungary for his daughter, for other heirs he left none. This man was chosen emperor of the Germans.but he was poisoned and died. He was in every way a virtuous man, as all men said. Frederick the third succeeded him. This Frederick was the duke of Austria and was elected Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, but it was a long time before he was crowned by the pope. And at last there was a schism, and he was crowned with great honor by the pope in the city. He was a peaceful and quiet man and of singular piety. He did not hate the clergy (he married the king's daughter of Portugal). During his reign, he made a great assembly of princes in Regensburg to confront the Turkish incursions. He showed them that within these twenty years, Christianity had been reduced by two hundred miles. And he warned them to be ready to resist him.\n\nThe Imperial City of Constantinople was taken at the same time by the treacherous Turks and betrayed by a Janus, whom the Turk made king as he had promised him. And on the fourth day, he calledhym hanged him for his disciple's mistake to his master. Great sorrow and weeping among the Christian people for the loss of the noble city. Many a Christian man was slain, and innumerable were sold. The emperor was slain, and out of jealousy, the Turk had his head struck off when he was dead. Almost all the faith in the land of Greece perished. Nicholas the Fifth, Januarius was pope after Felix VIII, after eight years. This Nicholas was chosen at Rome instead of Eugene. Strife still persisted, yet they obeyed him. In the year following, a peace was made. Felix resigned because it pleased the Lord for Nicholas to be glorified by an objective of the world, as Januarius was in comparison to the duke. This Nicholas was a master of piety and an active man.A rich man in consulates and many things that had fallen built again, and he renewed all the walls of Rome out of fear of the Turk. And there was a verse made about this event and publicly published in the city.\n\nLux fulsit mudus: ceasit felix Nicolaos.\nAnd that in the year of our Lord MCCCXLIX.\nThe year of grace was confirmed with great devotion, and innumerable people went to the apostles' seats.\n\nAfter King Henry V ruled, his son reigned but was a child and had not reached one year of age. Whose reign began on the first day of September in the year of our Lord MCCCCXXII. This king, being in his cradle, was much doubted and feared because of his father's great conquest and also the wisdom and guidance of his uncles, the duke of Bedford and the duke of Gloucester.\n\nThis year, on the 21st day of October, King Charles of France died and lies buried at St. Denis. And then the duke of Bedford was made king of France, and the duke of Gloucester was made protector and defender of England.\n\nAnd the first day ofAfter William Taylor, the priest, was dismissed from his priesthood, he was burned at the stake the following morning for heresy. In this year, James Stewart, King of Scotland, married Jane, the duchess's daughter of Clarence, whom she had previously married to the earl of Somerset at St. Mary Overies. Also this year, on the 27th of August, the battle in Perche took place between the duke of Bedford, representing France, and the duke of Alencon. The duke of Bedford had on his side the earl of Salisbury, Montagu, the lord Talbot, and all the power they could muster in Normandy, as well as the garrison's keep and many captains with a large number of Burgundians. On the other side was the duke of Alencon. The duke of Touraine, who was the earl of Douglas, and the earls of Bourbon were with many French lords and a great company of Scots and Armagnacs. The earl Douglas taunted the duke of Bedford with the leaden sword, and he sent:The word again indicated that he should find the day on which his sword was of steel. And the battle killed Duke John of Burgundy and many others numbering over ten thousand, and the Duke of Alva and many other lords and gentlemen of France. But Scots were slaughtered that day to the point of extinction. In the third year of King Henry VI, the Duke of Gloucester married the Duchess of Holland and sailed over sea with her to take possession of his wife's inheritance in Holland, where he was honorably received and taken as lord of that land. But soon after, he was forced to return home again to England. He left his wife and all the treasure he had brought with him in a town called Moule in Holland, which had promised him loyalty. However, they delivered the lady to the Duke of Burgundy, who sent her to Gaunt. And from there, she escaped in a man's clothing and came to a town in Zeeland.In the year called Syria, the duchess went to a town in Holland named The Gold, where she was strong and withstood Duke Burgoyne. Afterward, Duke Gloucester sent Lord Fitzwater and certain men of arms and archers over to Zeeland to help and support the aforementioned duchess of Holland, who had landed at a place called Brewers Haven. The lords of the country came down and joined him, and in conclusion, he feigned to withdraw with his men to the sea again. But he slaughtered and killed various lords and much people of the same country and returned home again into England with his men, making no further preparations.\n\nThis same number of thirty-six.\n\nIn the fourth year, on the same night that the mayor of London, John Coucher, had taken charge, there was a great watch in London for a fight between the bishop of Winchester and Duke Gloucester.The mayor and the citizens of the city wished to remain with the Duke of Gloucester as protector and defender of the realm, but through the efforts of lords who intervened, particularly the Prince of Portugal, it was agreed that no harm was done. After the battle of Vernon in Perche, the Duke of Bedford arrived in England. On Whitsunday of the same year at Leicester, he knighted King Henry. And immediately after, King Henry dubbed these knights: Sir Richard, Duke of York; the son and heir of the Duke of Norfolk; the Earl of Oxford; the Earl of Westmoreland; the son and heir of the Earl of Northumberland; the son and heir of the Earl of Umfraville; Lord Roos; Sir James Boutiller, Lord Marquess; Sir Henry Gray of Tankerville; Sir William Neville; Lord Fauconbridge; Sir George Neville; Lord Latimer; Lord Welles; Lord Barkley; and the son and heir of.The lord Talbot, Sir Rauf Gray of Werke, Sir Robert Ver, Sir Richard Gray, Sir Edmond Hungerford, Sir John Botteler, Sir Rainold Cobham, Sir John Pasheley, Sir Thomas Tustall, John Chidyok, Sir Rauf Langeford, Sir William Drury, Sir William Thomas, Richard Carbonell, Sir Richard Widewyle, Sir John Shrydelow, Sir William Chayne, Sir John Juno, and Sir Gilbert Beauchamp.\n\nIn the fifth year, the Duke of Bedford, with the duchess his wife, crossed the sea to Calais. A little before, Henry Bishop of Winchester also crossed the sea. And on Lady Day Annunciation in our Lady's church at Calais, the Bishop of Winchester, as he had supposed mass, was made Cardinal. He knelt before the high altar after the Duke of Bedford and set his hat upon his head. His bulls were red both from his charge and from the rejoicing of his benefits, spiritual and temporal. And this same year there was great abundance of rain, which also affected the high and low lands.corne was destroyed because it rained almost every other day. And in the same year, the good earl of Salisbury, Sir Thomas Seymour of Maltravers, laid siege to Orlyancez, where he was killed by a gun that came out of the tower. Amen. For truly, English men never gained ground nor prevailed in France, but began to lose little by little until all was lost. Also in this year, a Briton murdered a good widow in her bed at Southwark, which widow we found for alms. He took away all that she and [redacted] had. And afterwards, he took the girth of the holy church at St. George's in Southwark, and there he took the cross and swore this land. And as he went, it happened that he came by the place where he had committed this cursed deed in the suburbs of London, and the women of the same parish came out with staves and cauldrons and killed and ended him there. Nevertheless, the constables and many other men were present to keep him, but there were so many of them that they could not.Many women had no pity. In the same year, the duke of Northfolk, with many gentlemen and yeomen, took his barge on the seventh day of November at St. Mary Overies to pass through London Bridge. Due to the misfortune of the barge, it overturned on the piles, and many men drowned. However, the duke himself, with two or three lepers, managed to climb onto the piles and were saved with the help of those above the bridge by lowering down ropes. In the same year, on St. Leonard's day, King Henry, who was seven years old, was crowned at Westminster. Thirty-seven knights were made at his coronation. In the same year, on St. George's day, he sailed over the sea to Calais to ward off France. Around this time and before, the realm was in great misery and turmoil. The Dolphin, with his party, began to make war and gained control of certain places, causing distress to the English through his captains. That is, they were La H\u00e9ret and Poton de Xaintrailles. A maid whom they took captive.They named the maiden La Pucelle of Dicu. This maid rode like a man and was a valiant Captain. Amongst them, she took upon herself many great enterprises to such an extent that they had a belief for recovering all their losses through her. Nevertheless, at last, after many great struggles, the help of Sir John Lukemburgh, a noble Captain of the Duke of Burgundy, and many Englishmen Picards and Burgundians who were of our party before the town of Compagnie on the 23rd day of May, said that the Pucelle was taken in the field armed like a man, and many other Captains with her were all brought to Rome. There she was judged by the law to be burned. And then she said that she was with child, whereby she was respite for a while. However, those who found out that she was not with child, and then she was burned in Rome. The other Captains were put to ransom and entertained as men of war are accustomed.\n\nIn the same year, around Candlemas, Richard Hunter, a captain, died.Wulley Packer was condemned as a heretic and burned at Tower Hill. Around the middle of the year, Sir Thomas Baggely, priest and vicar of the Manor in Essex beside Waldon, was also condemned as a heretic and burned in Smithfield. And in the same year, while the king was in France, there were many heretics and Lollards who had planned to rise and cast hills in various places. But praise be to Almighty God, the captain of them was taken, whose name was William Manners, a man of Abington and bailiff of the same town. He named himself Jack Sharp of Wigmore in Wales. Afterwards, he was beheaded at the aforementioned Abington in the witwood week on the Tuesday. In the same year, on the 6th day of December, King Henry VI was crowned king of France at Paris in the church of Our Lady with great solemnity. Present were the Cardinal of England, the Duke of Bedford, and many other lords of France and England. After this coronation and great feast held at Paris,The king returned from then to Rochester and on to Wardrobe Calais. On the ninth day of February, he landed at Dover, where all the commons of Kent met him between Canterbury and Dover, all in red hoods. He came forth until he reached the black heath, where he was met by Mayor John Welys with all the craftsmen of London, dressed in their guises, and they brought him to London on the twenty-first day of the same month. And in the same year, a restraint of the walls of Calais was made by the soldiers because they were not paid in Easter week. And then, on the morning after, many soldiers of the town were arrested and put in ward. And in the same manner, he rode to Thanet, and by the means of the bishop of Thanet, he wedded the earl's daughter of St. Paul and came again to Calais. And then, on the eleventh day of June, on St. Barnabas' day, there were four soldiers of Calais. Around this time, Pope Martin died. And after him, Eugene, who was Cardinal of St. Cross, succeeded him. (Eugene had been golden.)In this year, the knights of the same order enacted statutes and ordinances that were in accordance with the Order of the Garter. Additionally, the Frenchmen had planned to steal the Calais Calais's statues and weapons during the fishing season. Many fishermen of the town had a custom of coming to the church door. The Frenchmen, disguised as fishermen, had intended to steal their statues and weapons and win the town. However, one of them lay with a common woman the night before, and she told the lieutenant the next morning. He commanded every man to keep his weapon in hand during that time, and when the Frenchmen discovered they had been betrayed, they sailed away and took the town. On New Year's day of this year, there was great commotion throughout England due to the duke of Burgundy's intention to besiege Calais. The earl ofMortain, leading his army, was ordered and charged to go to Calais, which at that time was well fortified and garrisoned, as Levenauntes for the king were Sir John Ratcliffe, the Baron of Dudley. And on the ninth day of July, the Duke of Burgundy, with all the power of Flanders and many others, came before Calais and set siege to the town. Each town of Flanders had their tents by themselves. This siege endured. In the meantime, the Duke of Gloucester, being protector of England, took the majority of English lords and crossed the sea to Calais to rescue the town or to fight with the duke and his host if they would remain. The city of London and every good town of England sent over the sea to his rescue certain people well armed with the best and chosen men for the war.\n\nThe second day of August, the aforementioned Duke of Gloucester arrived at Calais.With all his army and five hundred ships, and the duke of Burgoyne and all his host that lay in the siege, as soon as they saw the sails in the sea before they approached Calais, had suddenly in a morning departed from the siege, leaving much supplies and vituals behind him and fled into Flanders and Picardy. And likewise did the siege that lay before Guy, with much people. But Sir Rauf Grey departed from the castle and ordered for a rescue. But as soon as the king of Scotland understood his departing, he suddenly broke his siege and waited for him and left much ordinance behind him, where he gained no worship. This same year, the second day of January, Queen Katherine, who was the king's mother and wife to King Henry the Fifth, died and was brought royalty through London and so to Westminster. And there she lies worshipfully buried in our lady's chapel. And also this same year, the fourth day of January, the gate with the tower on it fell down in London.brydge to warde South warde with two arches & al the stone theron \u00b6This same yere was a greate treate holde\u0304 bitwene Graue\u00a6nynge Calays bytwene the kyng & the duke of Burgoyne / where was i\u0304 the kynges name the Cardynall of Englonde the duke of Norfolke and many other lordes / & for the duke of Bur\u00a6goyne was the duchesse hauynge fulle power of hyr lorde as regnette and lady of hys londes where was taken by thaduyse of bothe party\u2223es an abstynence of warre for a certayn tyme in the name of the duchesse and not of the du\u2223ke by cause he had gone frome his othe and le\u2223gaunce that he had made to kynge Henry the fyfte therfore the kynge neuer wolde wryte ne appoynt ne haue to doo with hym after. but all in the duchesse name. \u00b6Also thys same yere quene Iane deyed the seconde day of Iule whi\u00a6che had ben wyfe to Kynge Henry the fourthe and was caryed frome Bermondsey to Caun\u00a6terbury where she lyeth buryed by kynge Hen\u00a6ry her husbonde. This same yere deyed all the Lyons in the toure of London. the whiche had not benIn the 15th year of King Henry VI, Emperor Sigismund of Austria and Knight of the Garter died. His body was kept at St. Paul's in London, where a richly decorated hearse was made. The king, dressed in blue, mourned at the funeral, and on the following morning attended mass. After him, Albert, Duke of Austria, was elected and chosen as king. He was received as king of Bohemia and Hungary due to his wife, who was Sigismund's daughter, leaving no other heir after him. Albert was emperor for only one year; some say he died of plague, but he was a virtuous and pitiful man whom all knew, and they said the world was not worthy of his presence. In the same year, Owen, a squire from Wales, who had secretly married Queen Katherine for many days before, had three sons by her and ruled the realm. And this year, he broke the peace.\"Prys was taken by means of a priest who was his chaplain, and after was taken by my lord Bonham and brought to Newgate. One of his sons afterwards became a good earl of Warwick, dying at Rome during the time he was lying in wait in Normandy. His body was then brought to Warwick, where he lies worshipfully in a new chapel on the south side of the choir. And also in this year there was a great famine throughout all England for a bushel of corn, which was worth 40 pence in many places of England. And yet they could not have enough, so Stephen Brown, who was then Mayor of London, sent to Prussia and brought to London certain ships laden with rye, which did much good to the poor people. For corn was so scarce in England that in some places of England poor people made their bread of fern roots. This year the general council of Basel chose Eugene and they chose Felix, who was duke of Savoy. And then began the schism which endured until\"This was a devout prince named Felix, who saw his son's son, and lived a holy life. He was chosen pope of the Council of Basile and Eugenius, but was deposed. The schism lasted a long time. Felix had little obedience because most of Christendom obeyed and regarded Eugenius as the true pope instead. Both occupied the position during Eugenius' lifetime. In this year, Sir Richard, who was vicar of Hermetworth, was deprived of his priesthood at Poulton and burned at Tower Hill as an heretic on St. Botulph's day. He died a good Christian man, and after his death, many people came to the place where he was burned and offered prayers. They built a heap of stones and set up a cross of wood and venerated him as a saint until the mayor and sheriffs, by the king's commandment, and the bishops destroyed it and built a ditch there instead.\n\nAdditionally, the sheriffs of London granted land from St. Martin's.In this year, six wary persons who had previously been restored to the wary by the kings Justices were sent. After Albert the third, Frederick was chosen as Emperor. This Frederick, Duke of Austria, was long Emperor and differed from being crowned at Rome due to the schism. However, after a while, he was crowned with the imperial diadem by Pope Nicholas the Fourth. This was a peaceful man. quiet. and of singular patience, not hating the Church. He wedded the king's daughter of Portugal.\n\nIn the same year, the Duchess of Gloucester, Eleanor Cobham, was arrested for certain points of treason laid against her. She was examined in St. Stephen's Chapel at Westminster before the Archbishop of Canterbury. And there, she was enjoined to do open penance by going through the Cheape bearing a taper in her hand and after that.In the isle of Man, perpetual prisoner Sir Thomas Stanley kept perpetual prison. At the same time, Master Thomas Southwell, a canon of Westminster, Master John Hawes, a chaplain of the said duchess of Gloucester, Master Robert Bolingbroke, a clerk, and Margaret Jouroemayn, called \"the Witch of Eye,\" were arrested for being in consultation with the said duchess. Master Thomas Southwell died in the tower the night before he was to be tried. He himself said he would die in his bed and not by the justices. In the 20th year, Master John Hume and Master Roger Bolingbroke were brought to the Guildhall in London. There, before the Mayor, lords, and chief of England, they were tried and sentenced to be drawn and hanged and quartered. However, Master John Hume had a charter from the king. But Master Roger was drawn to Tyburn, where he confessed that he died innocent of this matter and had never transgressed in what he died for. Despite this, he was.And Margaret, the jurat, was burned in Smithfield. There was also a great disturbance in London, in Fleet Street by night, between me and the men of the court and the Londoners. Many were slain by me and some were hurt. One Herbotel was the chief instigator of the disorder and unrest.\n\nThis year, at the mayor of London's feast, the commons named Robert Clopton and Raulyn Holande tailor and the alderman took Robert Clopton and brought him before the mayor as customary. And then certain tailors, who were Padyshlye's men, sent them to Newgate where they remained a great while and were punished.\n\nThere were diverse embassadors sent to Guyon from Margaret for the king for the earl of Armagnac's daughter, which was concluded. But by the earl of Suffolk's means, it was delayed and put aside.\n\nAfter this, the said earl of Suffolk went himself to France and there he arranged the marriage betweenThe king of England and the daughter of Cycles and of Jerusalem,\nand the following year, that marriage was fully concluded. By this marriage, the king should deliver to her father the duke of Angouleme and the earldom of Maine, which was the key to Normandy. Then, the earl of Suffolk departed with his wife and diverse lords and knights in the most royal state that could be out of England, with new chariots and palfreys. They passed through the cheape and so crossed the sea and received her, and afterward, in Lent, brought her to Hampton. There, she was royally received. And upon Candlemas, even before, a great tempest of thunder and lightning at after none. Poules style was set on fire on the middle of the shaft in the timber, which was quenched by the labor of the people and especially by the priest of the Bow in the cheape, who was thought impossible, except for the grace of God. This year, the earl of Stafford was made and created duke of Buckingham; the earl of Worcester.This year, Earl Warwick of Dorset and Earl of Dorset, who was also made Earl of Suffolk, married Queen Margaret at Southwark. And she came to London on the 28th day of May. All the lords of England received her with reverence in various places. In particular, the Duke of Gloucester and the Mayor with all the aldermen and all the craftsmen in blue gowns, signifying their crafts, accompanied her with red hoods and brought her to London. There were various pageants and displays of different historical stories in various parts of the city, costly presented. And on the 30th day of May, the said queen was crowned at Westminster, and there were three days of festivities within St. Mary's before the abbey. This year, the prior of Kilmain was called Earl of Ormond for treason. He had been assigned a day for battle in Smithfield. The lists were made and the field prepared. However, when it came to the point, the king commanded that they should not fight.But he took the quarrel into his hand. This was done at the instance and labors of certain preachers and doctors of London, such as Master Gilbert Worthyngton, a person of St. Andrew's in Holborn, and others. Also, in this year, a great embassy came into England from France to conclude a perpetual peace. However, in conclusion, it turned into true truces for a year. Around this time, St. Bernardine, a gray friar, died. He began the new reform of the order in many places, and those who were reformed were called Observants. These Observants had greatly increased in Italy and elsewhere. This Bernardine was canonized by Pope Nicholas V in the year of our Lord 1441. Johannes de Capistrano was his disciple, who profited much from the reform of that order, for God had shown many a fair miracle. Also, it is to be noted that from this time forward, King Henry never profited or went forward, but fortune began to turn against him on all sides, both in France.In Normandy, Guyon of England was believed to have received a commission from King Henry specifically for Sir Edward Hull, Sir Robert Roos, the Dean of St. Senerines, and others, to arrange a marriage for him with the sister of the Earl of Armagnac. This marriage was proposed and concluded, but it was later broken, and he married Queen Margaret as previously mentioned. This marriage was significant for England, as it was known that delivering her would have granted the duchy of Anjou and the earldom of Maine, which were key to the French to enter Normandy. Around this time, the Marquess of Suffolk asked for a ransom of fifteen and a half in plain parliament to fetch her out of France.\n\nThis marriage contrasted greatly with the other marriage. Many castles and towns in Guyon would have been delivered, and a vast amount of gold would have been given with her, enriching all of England. However, contrary to this, every great prince should keep:\n\n\"In Normandy, Guyon of England was believed to have received a commission from King Henry for Sir Edward Hull, Sir Robert Roos, the Dean of St. Senerines, and others, to arrange a marriage for him with the sister of the Earl of Armagnac. This marriage was proposed and concluded but later broken, and he married Queen Margaret instead. This marriage was significant for England as delivering her would have granted the duchy of Anjou and the earldom of Maine, essential for the French to enter Normandy. The Marquess of Suffolk asked for a ransom of fifteen and a half in parliament to fetch her out of France.\n\nThis marriage contrasted greatly with the other one. Many castles and towns in Guyon would have been delivered, and a vast amount of gold would have been given with her, enriching all of England. However, every great prince should keep such marriages under control.\"hys pro\u2223myse / For bycause of brekynge of this promy\u00a6se / & for maryage of quene Margarete. what losse hath the reame of Englond had / by lesyn\u00a6ge of Norma\u0304dye & Guyon / by dyuysyon in the reame / ye rebellynge of comyns aye\u0304st ther prin\u00a6ce and lordes / what dyuysyon amoge ye lordes what murdre and sleynge of theym / what fel\u2223des foughte & made / in conclusyon soo many yt many a man hathe loste his lyfe / & in conclusy\u00a6on the kynge deposed. & the quene wyth her soo\u00a6ne fayne to fle into Scotlo\u0304de / & from thens in to Frau\u0304ce. & so to Loreyne / the place that she ca\u00a6me fyrst fro. many me\u0304 deme that the brekynge\u00a6ge of the kynges promyse to the systyr of the er\u2223le of Armynack / was cause of his greate losse & aduersy\nIN the .xxvi. yere of kynge Henry was a parlyament at Bury. called Saynt Ed\u00a6mondes\nbury / abowte whiche was co\u0304maun\u2223ded all the comyns of the countre to be there / i\u0304 their moste beste defensyable araye. for to way\u00a6te vpon the kynge / To whiche parlyament ca\u00a6me the duke of Gloucestre. Vmfry the kyngesA uncle who had protected England, all the king's non-age, was arrested by the Constable of England, Vycounte Beaumont, who accompanied the Duke of Buckingham, and many other lords. And immediately after, in his lodgings, he was arrested, and his chief servants were commanded to depart from him. Forty-two of the foremost among them were arrested and sent to various prisons. And immediately after this arrest, the said duke was dead on the morrow. May God have mercy on his soul. But how he died and in what manner the certainty is not known. Some say he died of sorrow, some said he was murdered between two featherbeds, some said a sprite was put in his fundament. But how he died, God knows. To whom nothing is hidden. And when he was dead, both lords and knights of the shire came and saw him lying dead. But they could not perceive how he died. Here men may mark what this world is.\n\nThis duke was a [unknown] [end of text]A noble man and a great clerk ruled worshipfully the realm on behalf of the king, and never faltered in his duty. But envy from those who were governors, who had promised the duchy of Anjou and the earldom of Myan, caused the destruction of this noble man. They sent his body to St. Albans with certain lights for burial. Sir Gerard of Clyfton was then in charge of conveying the corpse. It was buried at St. Albans in the abbey. Five persons from his household were sent to London, and there they were tried, sentenced to be drawn and hanged, and also quartered. Among them were Sir Roger Chamberlain, a knight, and one Midelton, a squire, and Richard Denham, who were drawn from the Tower of London through Chepe and there had their heads struck off and quartered. The marquess of Suffolk showed the king's pardon for them under his great seal. So they were spared.\"Perdoned were the remainder of all other excuses and had they lives. They were brought accordingly to London. And after freely delivered, trouble began in this realm of England. For the death of this noble duke of Gloucester. And all the commons of the realm began to murmur and were not content.\n\nAfter the pope Eugenius was dead, Nicholas the Fifth was elected pope. This Nicholas was chosen as Eugenius' successor, yet hangings still continued. He gained the obedience of all Christian realms. For after he was elected and sacred pope, certain lords from France and England were sent to Pope Felix in Sauoy to entreat him to assume the papacy. And by the special labor of St. John, he assumed the second year after Pope Nicholas was sacred. And the said Felix was made Legate of France and Cardinal of Savoy, and he resigned the entire papacy to Nicholas. And after living a holy life, he died as a holy man. And it is said that almighty God showed miracles for him.\"The cause was this: Eugeny and Felyx were at odds with each other for sixteen years. The reason was that Basyle had deposed Eugeny, who was the only pope and Indubitably, because he did not observe and keep the decrees and statutes of the Council of Constance as stated before. There was a great disagreement among writers on this matter (pro et contra), which cannot be resolved to this day. One party says that the council is above the pope. The other party says no, but the pope is above the council. God grant and give his peace in the holy church of Christ, amen.\n\nNicholas was from Genoa, of lowly degree, a doctor of divinity. An active man, he restored many places that were broken and ruins. He built a wall around the palaces and made the new wall around Rome out of fear of the Turks. The people marveled and wondered greatly at the easing and ceasing of these things.In the year of King Henry XXVII, with true peace between France and England, a knight from the English party named Sir Frances de Bourbon took a town in Normandy named Foissy. This taking caused great sorrow and loss for the truce, as previously stated. Around this time, the City of Constantinople, which was the imperial city in all of Greece, was taken by the Turks \u2013 infidels who betrayed it, as some hold. There, the holy church of St. Sophia was taken and plundered, and its relics and images were robbed and dispersed. This was done in contempt of Christian faith, and soon after, Christian faith in Greece perished and ceased to exist. There were many Christian men there.slayne. and innumerable solde and put in captyuyte. \u00b6By the takynge of this towne. the Turke gretly was enhau\u0304ced in pryde. and a grete losse to all crystendome. \u00b6In the .xxviii. yere was a parlyament holde\u0304 at westm\u0304) & from thens adyourned to the blac\u2223ke freres at Londo\u0304 / and after cristmas to west\u00a6mynster ayen. \u00b6And this same yere Robert of Cane a man of westcountre wyth a fewe shyp\u2223pes comynge out of the bay. lade with salt whi\u00a6che shyppes were of Pruce flandres Hollande and zelande / and brought theym to Hampton wherfore the marchauntes of Englonde be\u2223ynge in Flaundres were arested. in Brydges / Ipre and other places. and myghte not be dely\u00a6uered / ne theyr dettes dyscharged / tyll they had made apoyntment for to raye ye hurtes of shyp\u00a6pes / whiche was payde by the Marchauntes of the staple euery peny. & in lyke wyse ye Mar\u00a6chauntes and goodes beynge in Dansyke / we\u00a6re also arested / and made grete amendes This same yere the frensshme\u0304 in a mornyng toke by a trayne the towne of Pounte al Arche. & thereIn the Lord Fawconbridge was taken prisoner. After that, in December, Rone was taken and lost, with Sir Edmond, Duke of Somerset, and the Earl of Shrewsbury, who had left pledges and lost all of Normandy, returning to England. During the same parliament, the Duke of Suffolk was arrested and sent to the tower, where he remained for a month. After the king had fetched him out, the commons were in great rumor about the release of Anguilla and Maine, and after the loss of all Normandy, particularly for the death of the good Duke of Gloucester. In some places, the captains were even threatened and made to capitulate, such as Blubberde and others. The said parliament then adjourned to Leicester. There the king brought with him the Duke of Suffolk. And when the commons understood that he was out of the Tower and had come there, they desired for execution on those who were responsible for the release.During Normancy/And because of the death of the Duke of Gloucester, they sold Gascoyne and Guyon, whom they named as guilty. The Duke of Suffolk, as chief, had been exiled from England for five years. And during the parliament, he went to Norfolk and took shippings there to leave the realm of England for France. This year, as he sailed on the sea, a ship of war named Nychoeras met with his ship and found him there. They took him aboard their ship to the master and captain, and there he was examined and eventually sentenced to death. And so they put him in a cabin and his chaplain with him for confession. Then they brought him to Dover, rode him into the boat, and beheaded him there. They brought the body ashore and set the head there. This was done.The first day of May. Lo, what troubled him now in his delivery from Normandy. And here may you see he was rewarded for the death of the duke of Gloucester. Thus began sorrow upon sorrow and death for death.\n\nThis year of our Lord, M.cccc. and 1, was the great grace of the Jubilee at Rome where was great pardon. In so much that from all places in Christendom, great multitudes of people restored themselves there. And in this same year, there was a great assembly and gathering together of the commons of Kent in great numbers. And they made an insurrection and rebelled against the king and his laws. And they appointed a captain called John Cade, an Irishman, who named himself Mortimer, cousin to the duke of York. And this captain held them together and made orders among them. And brought them to the Blackheath where he made a proclamation of penned color. For them to come to his above, and he had a great multitude of people.\n\nThe twenty-seventh day of June. The king and many lords, captains, and men of war.The captain went to Ward, and when the captain of Kent understood the king's coming with great power, he withdrew him and his people to a small village. On the 28th day of June, being withdrawn and gone, the king came with his army, set in order, and led to the black heath. Sir Umfred Stafford, two valiant captains, and certain people were sent to fight with the captain and bring him and his accessories to the king, who went to Senok.\n\nAnd the captain with his companions met them. They fought against them, and in conclusion, he slew both of them, and those who remained and would not yield were killed.\n\nDuring this skirmish, a great variation arose among the lord's men and common people against their lords and captains on the black heath, openly saying they would go to the captain of Kent to assist and help him, but if they could have execution on the traitors being there.about the king who said no. They replied directly that the Lord Saye, the Bishop of Salisbury, the Baron of Dubbs, the Abbot of Gloucester, Drynnel, and Truelo, and many more were traitors. Worthy of death for pleasing the lords and some of the king's household. The Lord Saye was arrested and sent to the Tower of London. After hearing news of the death and overthrow of the Staffords, the king withdrew to London and from thence to Kelso worth. For the king and lords did not dare trust the town holders.\n\nAfter this victory over the Staffords, the captain took Sir Umfreys' fate and his brigandines, filled with guilt, not black with sin. To him came the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Duke of Buckingham to the black heath and spoke with him. And as it was said, they found him witty in his speaking and his request. And so they departed.\n\nThe third day of July, he came and entered into London with all.his people made cries in the King's name and in his name, that no man should rob or take any gods unless he paid for them. He came riding through the city in great pride and smote his sword upon London stone in Cannon Street. And being in the city, he sat to the tower to have the Lord say. And so they fetched him and brought him to the guildhall before the mayor and aldermen where he was examined. He said he would and ought to be judged by his peers. The men of Kent took him by force from the mayor and officer and concluded to drive away the captain and his host. They sent to the Lord Scales to the tower and to Matthew, a captain of Normandy, that they would assault the captain that night with their men from Kent. And so they came to London Bridge, and if the captain had any knowledge of it, they fought with those who kept the bridge and burned the drawbridge. Many of Londoners were among those burned.In the same night, the alderman of London, named Roger Heysaunte, and Mathegough, along with many others, were drowned. After this, the Chancellor of England sent a pardon to the Captain, along with one for his men, and they departed from such work. And once they were all departed and gone, proclamations were made in Kent, South Sex, and other places, promising a thousand pounds to anyone who could capture the Captain quickly or dead.\n\nAfter this, one Alexander Ide, a squire from Kent, took him in a guard in South Sex. And in Take, John Cade, the Captain, was slain and beheaded. His head was then set upon London Bridge. And immediately after, the king came to Kent and held his justices sit at Canterbury. He inquired who were the causes and chief cause of this insurrection. And there were eight men judged to death in one day and in other places more. From then, the king went to Southsex and to the western country, where a little before the bishop had been slain.In the 30th year of the king, the duke of York came out of Wales with the earl of Devonshire and Lord Cobham, leading a great reform of certain injuries and wrongs. They also intended to seek justice against certain lords close to the king and took the field at Brentheth beside Detford in Kent. This was a strong field, which is why the king with all his lords went to Blackheath. With a great and strong multitude of people, they prepared for war in the best way. When they had assembled on the heath, certain lords were sent to him for treaty and appointment. These were the bishops of Ely and Winchester, the earls of Salisbury and Warwick. They agreed that the duke of Somerset should be held in custody and answer to such articles as the duke of York would put upon him. Then the duke of YorkThe duke of Somerset should break his field and come to the king, as promised by the king. And so, the king commanded that the duke of Somerset be put in charge. Then, the duke of York broke up his field and came to the king. However, when he arrived, contrary to the previous promise, the duke of Somerset was present in the field, awaiting and standing before the king. He made the duke of York ride before him as a prisoner through London. And afterwards, they intended to keep him in custody. But a noise arose that the Earl of March's son was coming with ten thousand men to London ward, so the king and his council fled. And then, they concluded that the duke of York should depart at his own will.\n\nAround this time, great discord and strife emerged between the great master and the knights of the ducal order, who were lords of that court. The commons and towns rebelled against the lords and made such great war. At last, they called the king of Poland to be their lord.The king arrived and was reverently received. He besieged the castle of Marmion. The alderman and craftsmen rode on horseback, which had never been done before. Previously, they had always gone by water in boats and barges. You have understood before how the king, contrary to his promise and the conclusions reached between the king and the Duke of York at Brentford, had not gone to war but had remained in charge. Afterward, he was made Captain of Calais and ruled the king and his realm as he pleased. For this reason, the great lords of the realm, as well as the commons, were displeased. The Duke of York, the Earl of Warwick, the Earl of Salisbury, with many knights, squires, and many other people came to remove the said Duke of Somerset and others from the king. Hearing of their approach, the king, by his counsel, thought to go westward instead of meeting them. He took the Duke of Somerset with him.Duke of Buckingham, Earl of Stafford, Earl of Northumberland, Lord Clyfford, and many others. When Duke of York and his retinue understood that the king had departed from London with the lords, he changed direction and came to St. Albans on the 23rd of May. There he met the king, whom the king had sent certain lords to keep the peace and depart. However, in conclusion, York's journey was significant as the Duke of Somerset, Earl of Northumberland, Lord Clyfford, and many knights and squires were killed. The following morning, they brought the king in a great state to London, where he was lodged in the bishops' palaces of London. Shortly after, there was a great parliament at London, in which parliament Duke of York was made protector of England, Earl of Warwick Captain of Calais, Earl of Salisbury Chancellor of England, and all such persons who had ruled before were removed.About the king, a dispute arose, and they could not rule as they did before. In this same year, Pope Nicholas the Fifth died, and after him came Calixtus the Third. This Calixtus was a Catalan, and his acts will be shown hereafter. In this same year, a great disturbance occurred in London against the Lubardes. The cause began because a young man took a dagger from a Lubarde and broke it. Therefore, the young man was set before the Mayor and the aldermen on the morrow and was committed to ward. But then the Mayor departed from the Guildhall to go home to dinner. However, in Cheape, Mercer, for the most part, held the Mayor and the Sheriffs' procession in Cheape. He would not allow them to depart until their fellow, who was committed to ward, was delivered. And when that was done, the Mayor departed, and the Sheriffs also, and the prisoner was released. Had he been put to prison, this would have been the outcome.The young man had been in Leipordye (Leipzig) throughout his life. And then, a rumor against the Lombards arose in the city. Crafty men of the town instigated this, raiding and robbed several of them. The mayor and aldermen came with the honest people of the city, drove them away, and sent some of the thieves to Newgate. The young man was rescued by his companions. This great rumor, affray, and robbery, provoked him for the first time against the Lombards, and he departed and went to Westminster to see Saint Wary, or else it would have cost him his life. Immediately after came down an Oyer and Terminer (judge and jury) to do justice on all those who had rebelled against the Lombards in the city. Sitting with the mayor at that time were William Marowe, the Duke of Buckingham, and many other lords, to witness the execution. But the common people of the city secretly prepared themselves and were planning to riot.This year, Belle, who was also called Bowe Belle, and those men who had come to the knowledge of the Duke of Buckingham and other lords, arose in the continent because they dared no longer stay, as they feared that the whole city would rise against them. But still, two or three of the city were judged to death for this robbery and hanged at Tyburn. Afterward, the king and queen, and other lords, rode to Coventry and withdrew them from London for this reason. And a little before the Duke of York was sent for to Grimsworth. And there, the Protector was discharged from his office. And the Earl of Salisbury from his Chancellorship. And after this, they were sent forth by private seal to come to Coventry, where they were almost discovered, and the Earl of Warwick also would have been destroyed had they not seen to it.\n\nHow Lord Egremont was taken by the Earl of Salisbury, and the robbery of Sandwich\n\nThis year, four great fish were caught between Eres and London.that one was called Mors Maryne / the seconde was a swer\u00a6de fysshe & the other two were whalys. In this same yere / for certayne affrayes done i\u0304 the nor\u2223the cou\u0304tre bytwene lord Egremo\u0304de & the erle of Salysbury sones. ye sayd lord Egremond who\u0304 they had co\u0304dempned in a grete som\u0304e of money to ye sayd Erle of Salysbury. & therfore he was co\u0304mytted into pryson in Newegate in London where whan he had be a certayne space he bra\u00a6ke the pryson / & thre prysoners with hym / & es\u00a6caped & we\u0304t his waye. Also this yere the erle of warwyk & his wyf we\u0304t to Calays with a fayre felisshyp & toke possessyon of his offyce. about this tyme was grete reformaco\u0304n of many mo\u2223nesteryes of relygyo\u0304 in dyuerse partyes of the worlde wiche were refourmed after the fyrst Instytutycyon and co\u0304tynued in many places \u00b6This same yere was a greate batayll in the Marches bytwene the londe of Hu\u0304gry & Tur\u2223key. at a place is called Septedrad where Innu\u00a6merable Turkes were slayne / more bi myracle than\u0304e by ma\u0304nes honde / for oonly the hondeof god smote theym / saynt Iohan of Capystrane was there prese\u0304ce. & prouokyd the criste\u0304 people beynge the\u0304ne aferde for to pursue after ye Tur\u00a6kys where an Infynyte multytude were slayne & dystryed & the Turkys sayd / yt a grete no\u0304bre of armyd me\u0304 folowed the\u0304 that they were aferde to turne ayen & they were holy angelles. This same yere the prysoners of Newgate in Londo\u0304 brake theyr pryson / & went vpon the sedes and fought aye\u0304st theym of the Cytee / & kepe the ga\u00a6te a longe whyle / But att the laste the towne ga\u00a6te the pryson be theym. And then\u0304e they were so\u00a6re punysshed in ensample of other. \u00b6In this yere also there was a grete erthquake in Na\u2223ples / in so moche that there perysshed .xl. thou\u2223sande people that sanke there in to the erthe. \u00b6Also in the .xxxvi. yere saynt Osmonde so\u0304ty\u00a6me bysshop of Salysbury was canonysed att Rome by pope Calyst. & the .x daye of Iuly he was translated at Salysbury by the bisshop of Cau\u0304terbury & many other bysshoppes. \u00b6And in August after syr Pers de brasay seneschal ofnormadye, with the captain of the garrison and many other captains, and I, went to the sea with a great navy. And into the dunes by night. And on the more early before day, they landed at Sandwich, both by load and water, and took the town, rifled and dispersed it. And took many prisoners. And left the town all bare, which was a rich place and much good therein. And they took with them many rich prisoners. In this same year, in many places of France, Alsace, Flanders, Holland, and Zeeland, children were gathered together by great companies. For to go on pilgrimage to St. Michael's mount in Normandy, which came from far countries, whereof the people marveled. And many supposed that some wicked spirit moved them to do so. But it did not last long due to the long way and also for lack of provisions as they went.\n\nIn this year, Reynold Pecock, bishop of Chester, was found heretical. The third day of December was ended. The lord Clifford with 150 men,& lodged without the towne. \u00b6And the Mayer that tyme Geffraye Boloyne / kept grete wat\u2223che with the comyns of the cyte / & rode about the cytee by Holborne and Fletestrete / with a .v. thousand men well arayed and armyd. for to kepe the peas / \u00b6And the .xiiii. daye of Feue\u00a6rer the erle of warwyke came to London / fro Calays well beseen and worshypfully with .v hundred men In red Iakettes broudred wyth a ragged staffe behynde & before. and was lod\u2223ged at the graye freres / \u00b6And the .xv. daye of Marche the kynge came to London and the quene. And ther was accorded and peas made amonge the lordes / and they were sette in pe\u2223as. And on our lady daye the xxv. daye of Mar\u00a6che. in the yere of oure lorde .M.CCCC.lviii\u00b7 the kynge & the quene & all the lordes went on processyon at Poules in London. & anone af\u2223ter the kyng & the lordes departed. & in this ye\u2223re was a grete fraye in Fletstrete bytwene me\u0304 of courte & men of the same strete. In whyche fayre the quenes Attourney was slayne\nALso this same yere as the Erle ofwar\u2223wyk was at counseyll at westmynster alle the kynges housholde meny gadred them togyder / for to haue slayne the sayde erle. But by the helpe of god & his frendes he recouered his barge / and escapyd theyr euyll enterpryse / how well the cokes came rennynge oute wyth spytes and pestels ayneh hym. And the same daye he rode to wardes werwyk and soone af\u2223ter he gate hym a commyssyon / and went ouer the see to warde Calays. \u00b6Soone after thys therle of Salysbury comynge to Lo\u0304don / was encou\u0304tred at Bloreheth which the lord Audley. And moche other people ordeyned to dystroy hym But he hauynge knowlege that he shold be met wyth was acco\u0304panyed with hys two so\u00a6nes syr Thomas & syr Iohn\u0304 Neuell / & a grete felyshyp of goodmen. And so they faught togy\u00a6der / where the erle of Salysbury wanne ye fel\u2223de / And the lorde Audley was slayne / & many gentylmen of Chesshyre. & moche people hurt And the erles two sones were hurte. & goynge homewarde afterwarde they were taken / and hadde to Chestre by the quenes menye. \u00b6AfterCalixtus III was pope in the year MCCCCLVII. He was known as an eloquent man and a poet laureate before becoming pope. He served as an ambassador before that time. He wrote a treatise on the arts for Basil in the council. He also canonized Catherine of Siena. This pope granted great indulgences and pardons to those who wished to wage war against the Turks and wrote a letter to the great Turk, exhorting him to become Christian. He also ordered a passage against the Turks at Ancona, which drew many people from various parts of Christendom. Of these people, he sent many home again because they did not succeed, and he died at Ancona in the year MCCCCLXIII, on the 14th day of August.\n\nThe duke of York, the earls of Warwick and Salisbury saw that the governance of the realm stood most on the queen and her council. The great princes of the land were not called to council but set aside.It was said throughout the realm that lords should be destroyed, as it openly was shown at Boroughbridge by those who would have slain the Earl of Salisbury. Then, for the sauciness of their lives and also for the commonwealth of the realm, they assembled together with many people and took a field in the western country. The Earl of Warwick came from Calais with many old soldiers, such as Andrew Trollop and others, in whose wisdom he trusted much. When they were thus assembled and made their field, the king sent commissions and precious seals to all the lords of his realm to come and wait on him in their most best defensible array. And so every man came in such a way that the king was stronger and had more people than the Duke of York and the Earls of Warwick and Salisbury. It is here to be noted that every lord in England at this time dared not disobey the queen, so she ruled peaceably over all that was done above the.A good and well-disposed king arrived at the place where the Duke of York and his army encamped in a strong formation, intending to remain and fight. But in the night, Andrew Trollop and the old soldiers of Calais, with a great army, suddenly departed from the duke's host and went straight to the king's camp, where they were received joyously because they knew the intentions of the other lords and the nature of their army. The Duke of York, along with the other lords, discovering this, took a council in that same night and departed from the field, leaving behind the largest part of their people to guard it until the morning. The Duke of York and his second son then departed through Wales towards Ireland. They left their eldest son, the Earl of March, with the Earls of Worcester and Salisbury, who rode together with three or four men directly into Devonshire.The ship of Lord Denham, which cost 110 nobles, sailed from thence to Jersey and refreshed there. From Jersey, they sailed to Calais, where they were received into the castle through the postern. Or the town's people knew of it. The Duke of York took shipping in Wales and sailed over to Ireland, where he was well received.\n\nKing Henry, with his host in the field, not knowing of this sudden departure, found none of the said lords there the next morning. He sent out all haste to follow and pursue them to take them, but they did not meet with them as God would have it. The king went to Ludlow and dispersed the castle and the town. He set the Duchess of York and her children with the Duchess of Beauchamp, her sister, where she was kept for a long time after. And the king immediately ordered the Duke of Somerset to be Captain of Calais, and these other lords departed as before is said. We were proclaimed rebels and great.The duke of Somerset took to him all the soldiers who departed from the field and made them ready with great haste to go to Calais. Upon his arrival, he found the earl of Warwick there as captain, as well as the earls of March and Salisbury. He landed at Scales and was received. It happened that some of those ships that came over with him arrived in Calais of their own free will, for the ships favored the earl of Warwick more than the duke of Somerset. In these ships were taken diverse men, including Jenyn Fynyk, John Felowe Kaylls, and the purser. They were beheaded soon after in Calais. After this, I came daily over the sea to these lords in Calais, and I began to grow stronger. They borrowed much good from the Staple, and on the other side, the duke of Somerset, being in Genoa, was gathering people to him who came out and quarreled with those of Calais, and they, in turn, endured.many days the Duke of Exeter, Admiral of England, was seen with many ships of war accompanying the Earl of Warwick and his fleet. But they did not fight for the substance of the people with the Duke of Exeter. The Earl of Warwick had previously obtained those ships from Sandwich. He had ordered a guardian to remain and keep the town. He appointed one master of the town / and forbade any merchant from going to Flanders or Calais.\n\nThey of Calais, hearing this, sent Denham and many others to Sandwich to assault the town by land and sea and by gate number nine. They captured the master of the town and beheaded him. Daily men came over to them from all sides.\n\nAfter this, the aforementioned earls of Warwick and Salisbury came over to Dover with a large army and landed there. All the country came to them.The army drew and came to London, intending to inform the lords of the king's council of their truth and intentions. They assembled them and told that they intended no harm to the king's person, only seeking to remove certain individuals around him. After departing from London with a great procession, they headed towards Northampton where the king was accompanied by many lords. A strong field was made outside the town, and both parties met for a great battle. In this battle, the Duke of Buckingham, Earl of Shrewsbury, the Viscount Beaumont, Lord Egremont, and many other knights and squires were killed, along with the king himself, who was taken in the field. After the battle, a parliament was held at Westminster. During this parliament, the Duke of York came from Ireland with the Earl of Rutland, riding with a great procession into the palaces and entering the parliament chamber, where he took the king's place.And claimed the crown as his inheritance and right, and cast forth in writing his title. He was declared rightful heir, and it was appointed and concluded that King Henry should reign and be king during his natural life. For as much as he had been king so long and was possessed of it and after his death, the duke of York should be king, and his heirs kings after him. They should also be proclaimed heir apparatus and should also be protector and regent of England during the king's life, with many other things ordained in the same parliament. And if King Henry, during his life, withdrew from this point or any article concluded in the said parliament, he should be deposed, and the duke should take the crown and be king. These things were enacted by the authority of the same parliament. At which parliament, the commons, the abbey of Westminster, which was taken for a production or taken, the reign of King Henry was ended.The crown that stood on the highest tower of the style in Durham Castle fell down this same year. Because the queen, with the Prince her son, was in the north and absent from the king, and obeyed not such things concluded in Parliament, it was ordained that the Duke of York as protector should go northward to bring in the queen and subdue those who would not obey. With him went the Earl of Salisbury. Sir Thomas Nevill, his son, with many people. At Wakefield in Christmas week, they were overcome and slain by the lords of the queen's party, that is, the Duke of York, the Earl of Rutland, Sir Thomas Nevill, and many others. The Earl of Salisbury was taken, as were John Horwood of London captain and ruler of the footmen and Hause of Hull, who were brought to Pontefract. And there they were headed and their heads sent to York. Thus was the noble prince slain: the Duke of York. May God have mercy on his soul.The earl of March, being in Shrewsbury and hearing of his father's death, sought aid from the town to avenge his father's death and then went to Wales. At Candlemas after this, he had a battle at Martymers Cross against the earl of Penbroke and of Wiltshire. The earl of March gained the victory there. Then the queen, with the northern lords, after they had distressed the duke of York and killed him and his followers, came southward with a great multitude of people to come to the king and reverse such conclusions that had been reached before through the parliament. Against their coming, the duke of Northumberland, the earl of Warwick, with many people and ordinance, went to Saint Albans. They encountered each other in such a way and fought so that the duke of Northumberland and the earl of Warwick, with many others of their party, had certain carts loaded with victuals sent to Saint Albans. And those carts came to Crepple Gate. The citizens of the city intercepted them.kept the gate. took the victuals from the carts and would not allow it to pass. Then there were certain aldermen and commons appointed to go to Bernet to speak with the queen's council about entreating the northern men to be sent home again, as the city of London feared they would be plundered if they came. During this treaty, tidings came that the Earl of Warwick had met the Earl of March on Cotteswold, coming out of Wales with a great multitude of Welshmen. Both were coming towards London ward. As soon as these tidings were known, the treaty was broken off by the king, Queen Priscilla, and the other lords who were with them. Yet, before they departed thence, they beheeded Lord Bonville and Sir Thomas Kyrrell, who were taken in the journey done on Shrove Tuesday. Then the Duchess of York, being at London, hearing of the loss of the field of St. Albans, sent over her two young sons.George & Rycharde / whiche wente to Vtrech. and Phylyp malpas a ryche marchau\u0304t of Londo\u0304 Thomas vaghan Squyre. mayster wyllyam Ha\nTHen whan the Erle of warwyke hadde wette to gader on Cote Mayre & to the Cytie that they wolde come / & anone ye cytie was gladde of theyr comynge / hopynge to be releuyd bi the\u0304 & so they came too / london / & wha\u0304 they were co\u00a6me & had spoke with the lordes & estates beyn\u2223ge there. co\u0304cluded for as moche as kynge He\u0304ry was gone with the\u0304 north warde. that he hadde forfeyted his crowne & ought to be deposed ac\u2223cordyng vnto ye actes made passyd in the laste parleme\u0304t And so by the aduys of ye lordes spyry\u00a6tuall & te\u0304porall / thenne beyng at london. the er of Marche Edwarde by the grace of god / eldest sone of the duke Rychard of yorke. As ryght\u2223full heyre. and nexte enherytour to his fader the fourth daye of Marche / the yere of our Lorde god .M.CCCC.lix. toke possessyon of the Rea\u00a6me / at westm\u0304. in the chyrche of the abbaye and offred as a kynge wyth ye ceptre ryall. To who\u00a6meall the spiritual and temporal lords did homage to their sovereign lord and King. It was proclaimed through the city that King Edward the Fourth, by name, rode in his royal estate northward with all his lords to subdue his subjects who were in the north at that time, to avenge his father's death. And on Palm Sunday after, he had a great battle in the north country at a place called Towton, not far from York, where, with God's help, he gained the field and had the victory. Thirty thousand and more of his adversaries were slain there.\n\nAbout Midsummer in the year of our Lord 1461, and the first year of his reign, he was crowned at Westminster and anointed king of England, having possession of all the realm.\n\nCalixtus the Third was pope for three years and five months. This Calixtus was an old man when he was chosen pope. He was continually sick and could not fulfill his desires.Entitled to do against the Turks, for death came upon him in the year of our Lord M.C.LV. He died on the 6th day and he made the figure. Also, he canonized Saint Vicet, a Friar Preacher. There was a great reformacyon of many monasteries throughout the world. These reformations were made many times. But almost none remained. However, they returned again home. By succession of time, after the death of the revered fathers, the feast of the Transfiguration was ordained by Calixt for the gift of grace of the marvelous victory done against the Turk in Hungary on St. Sixtus day M.CCCC.LVII. For there was a marvelous victory given to Christ in Hungary against the great Turk, and there he lost many a man and fled in shame for fear of enemies. No man followed him, but alone the host of God feared the Turk and his host on St. Calixtus day. Saint John Capistrano was present there. He provoked the people who were afraid to follow the misbelieving Turks, and there fell a great vegeance.on them the Turks claimed there was such a great number of knights who followed them. Unable to look back, they fled and left all their treasure behind. Angels were said to have caused their fear.\n\nIn Maguncio, printers of books were greatly multiplied. This was the beginning, and they held their crafts there. At this time, many more were inspired to be more subtle in their crafts than ever before.\n\nPius II was pope after Calixtus, six years later. He was chosen in the year of our Lord 1458. He was called Pius, an eloquent man, a great orator, and a laureate poet. In the council of Basyle, he wrote a noble treatise for the same cause. He desired to have a passage to the Turks, and many people from various countries came to Rome. He gave them his blessing and sent them home, as they were not sufficient for the Turkish host.\n\nPoles a Venetian was pope after Pius, seven years later. Thispoule was chose in the ye yere of our lorde .M.cccc.lxiiii. And anone he halowed ye feste of the presentacyo\u0304 of our lady. as pius dyd This ma\u0304 was a toughma\u0304 in ryght wysnes & he sayd it was bett to make fewe thin\u00a6ges. and make them stedfastly than for to ma\u00a6ke many. & sone reuoke the\u0304. And he mad a grete pallays at saynt Markys and he decessed or he had ended it in ye yere of our lorde M.cccc.lxxi. \u00b6Leodin\u0304 ye londe of luke was oppressed with many trybulacyons. & after in the yere of our lorde .M.cccc.lxviii. vterly it was distroyed bi Carolu\u0304 ye duke of Bourgoyn. that whiche wed\u00a6ded dame Margarete syster to kynge Edwar\u2223de the forth of Englonde. Also the same karolu\u0304 entred in the londe of Gelder. and conquyred it hooly. The yere of grace also was chaunged by pope Poule for fauoure of ma\u0304nys soule fro\u00a6me .xxv. yere to .xxv. yere. And by case ye cursyd\u00a6nesse abou\u0304ded so sore. grea\nSIxtus the fourth a Iohannes. & a frere minor was pope after paule. This ma\u0304 was geneall in ye ordre of ye frere mynors or he wasCardinal. He was chosen in the year of our Lord 1461. And was called Franciscus de Sancto Nina. Of good fame and virtuous, he was made cardinal without his knowledge until he was made pope. The Turk had taken from me Christendom two empires, four kingdoms, twenty provinces, and two hundred cities. He had destroyed me and my wife without nobility. And the pope ordered him to negotiate with him. And for an army to be raised against the Turk, the pope granted great indulgences of pardon from the church's treasury to all Christian realms. That he might order some treasure to withstand the unbelieved Turk. In England, John Abbot of Abingdon was the pope's legate, to distribute this good treasure of the church to every faithful man who was able to receive it.\n\nHere ends this present Chronicle of England with the fruit of times. Compiled in a book. And also newly printed in the year of our Lord God.I. 1400s. By me, Julian, Notary dwelling in Poulsy's churchyard beside my lords' palaces\n\nHere follows a little treatise concerning the description of this land, formerly known as Albion, and now called England, and dealing with its nobility and worth.\n\nSince many common chronicles of England have been had and recently printed, and since the description of this land, which in olden times was named Albion and after Brytainia, is not commonly described nor is the nobility and worth of the same known, I intend to set forth the description of this island of Britain and its advantages in this book.\n\nChapter 1. The name of the land.\nChapter 1.1.\n\nChapter 2. Its setting, boundaries, length, and breadth.\nChapter 2.1.\n\nChapter 3. Its worthiness and prerogatives.\nChapter 3.1.\n\nChapter 4. Its marvels and wonders.\nChapter 4.1.\n\nChapter 5. The chief parties.Of the same land. Chapter V.\nOf the adjacent islands. Chapter VI.\nOf the kings highways and streets. Chapter VII.\nOf the famous rivers and streams. Chapter VIII.\nOf ancient cities and towns. Chapter IX.\nOf provinces and shires. Chapter X.\nOf the laws and names of the laws. Chapter XI.\nOf kingdoms and bounds between them. Chapter XII.\nOf bishoprics and their sees. Chapter XIII.\nOf how many manner of people have dwelt therein. Chapter XIV.\nOf the languages, manners, and usage of the people of that land. Chapter XV.\nOf the land of Wales. Chapter XVI.\nOf the name and why it is named Wales. Chapter XVII.\nOf the commodities of the land of Wales. Chapter XVIII.\nOf the manners and rites of the Welsh. Chapter XIX.\nOf the marvels and wonders of Wales. Chapter XX.\nOf the discovery of Scotland, sometimes named Albany. Chapter XXI.\nOf the discovery of Ireland. Chapter XXII.\nOf the boundary of Ireland. Chapter XXIII.\nOf the greatness and quality of that land. Chapter XXIV.\nOf the defects of the land.ca. xxv.\nOf the first inhabitants of Ireland. Chapter xxvi.\nOf the conditions and manners of Irish men. ca xxvii.\nOf the wonders and marvels of Ireland. ca. xxviii.\nOf the wonders of saints of Ireland. Chapter xxix.\n\nFirst, according to Geoffrey, this land was called Albion, the oldest daughter of Jupiter and had thirty-two sisters. They first inhabited this land. And because she was the oldest sister, she named the land Albion after her own name, as Cornuelle rather sets forth. Others say that this land was named Albion, as if it were the white land of white rocks about the cliffs of the sea that were seen from afar. Afterwards, Brutus conquered this land and called it Britannia after his own name. And then, the Saxons or Englishmen conquered this land and called it Anglia, that is England, or it is called Anglia after a queen who owned this land, named Angla, who was a noble duchess's daughter of the Saxons. Or, as some say, Ethyl, the fifteenth angel, has that name.it were an angle and a corner of the worlde. Or els as Beda saythe lii.: Saynt Gregory sawe Englysshe childre\u0304 to sell atte Rome and he accorded to the name of the londe. And sayde they ben southely An\u2223gles / for her face chyned as angels / for the no\u2223blyte of the londe shone in the childrens faces. \u00b6Alfre. The Bryteysshe Anglia is called the\nother worlde / and for greate plente of all good the greate Charles called in hys owne Cham\u2223bre. \u00b6Solinus The edge of Frensshee clyfe sholde be the ende of the worlde / yf the ylonde of Brytayne ne were not / whyche is worthy to haue the name of an other worlde. \u00b6Alfry thys ylonde ys called insula for yt ys in salo / that is the see / And is beten of wyth dyuerse cours of waters wyth stremes and wyth wa\u2223wes of the see.\nTHis Brytayne is accou\u0304ted a noble lon\u00a6de both in our storyes & also in ye story\u2223es of Grekes. and is sette ayenste Germania. Gallia. Frau\u0304ce & Spayne bytwene the north and the west & the see bytwene. This londe is fyfty myle from the clyf of the men thatThe text is in Old English and needs translation and some corrections. Here's the cleaned text:\n\nMorini are called Gesici. It lies under the northern head of the world. And it has light and bright nights in summer time. So that sometimes at midnight men have doubts and questions whether it is night or day, because the sun does not go far under the earth by night but passes by the north side and comes soon into the east again. Therefore, in summer there are long days of eighteen hours and short nights of six hours. Also in Armenia, Macedonia, Italy, and other lands of the same line, the longest day and longest night are of fifteen hours, and the shortest day or night is of twelve hours. In Alexandria in Egypt, it is thirteen hours; in Italy, fifteen hours; in Britain, eighteen hours. In the island named Tyre, all the six summer months are day and all the six winter months are night.\n\nBritain is Isidore's Brytain.Set within Occania, as we are without the world, and is set against France & Spain. Geraldus. Britain is in length longer in the middle than in the ends. Orosius. Britain stretches in length from the south into the north, and in the south it has France, in the south Spain, the north Wales, and in the west Ireland, that is the Isle of Man. When sailors pass the next cliff of that land, they see a city that is called Rupemouth by Englishmen. Beda. This city is now called Reptingham by Englishmen. Sozinus. Britain is 800 miles long, and it is more than 15 miles from Chepstow in Cornwall to Chester, which is beyond Scotland. Alfred. From Chepstow street, 15 miles beyond Michelston Stoke in Cornwall, to Carisbrooke, which is beyond the Isle of Wight, Britain is more than 2.2 centuries broad from Menevia, the westernmost place in Wales, to Yarmouth in Northfolk. Beda. Only take the longest shoreline of various lands with which Britain is surrounded. It is approximately 148 syllables.Thousands pass through France, as France passes Britain, and Britain passes Ireland in fair weather and nobility, but not in health. Beda. This Isle is best. To bring forth threshes and fruit, Rutherne and beasts. Wine grows there in some places. The land is plentiful and the sea also. The land is noble, copious, and rich in noble wells and rivers, with an abundance of fish. There is great abundance of small fish, of herring and eels. Wilhelms de Pontifice. There, in some places, the people feed their swine with fish. Beda, li.i. There are taken dolphins. See calves and whales, great fish of the whale kind. And various kinds of shellfish among which, shellfish have muscles. Within them are Margery pearls of all manner of color and hue, red and pure, blue, and specifically and most of white, with fine red, the redness of which is wonderfully fair and stable and never fades. Merle the thrifty of.the thickness dries him within / So that the thicker you felt in it, the better corn it will bear / There is also another manner of white merle / whose load is better after eighty years that is merled with it. / Solinus: In this island grows a stone that is called Gagates / if you want to know its fairness, it is black as jewels are / if you want to know its kind, it burns water and quenches in oil / and as much as it can, it holds what it negates, so it is called sucucus. / Pliny.xv: There was sheep that bore good wool / There are many hearts and wild beasts and few wolves / therefore sheep are the surer ones without keeping left in the field. / R: In this island also there are many cities and towns fair and noble and rich. many great rivers and streams with great abundance of fish / many fair woods and great. with right many tame and wild beasts. / The earth of that land is fruitful of metal and salt wells of quarries of Marble of various kinds.England is rich in stones of reed, white, soft, and hard chalk, and white limestone. There is also white clay and red for making pots, crocks, stones, and other vessels. This land is also named Samos. The Flemings love the wool of this land. Flanders the hides and pelts of all manner of beasts. Guyana the iron and lead. Ireland the ore and salt. All Europe loves and desires the wheat metal of this land. Alfred the Briton has enough material that there is no need to buy or sell, or it is unnecessary for human use. There is neither salt nor iron lacking. Therefore, a verse in his meter praises this land as follows:\n\nEngland is a good land, fruitful,\nIn Britain, there are wells well-arranged and addressed to mankind,\nThe masters of those wells are the great spirits of the mines,\nIn her house, the fire endures forever,\nThat fire never changes into ashes,\nBut there the fire slakes. It changes into stone clothes.In Britain, there are many wonders, yet four are most remarkable. The first is at Peton, where a strong wind blows out of the earth's chin, casting upwards. A man standing by the pond turned his back towards it, and the water would draw him violently towards the pond and wet all his clothes. Horses would be drawn in the same way. If a face turned away from the water, it was not wetted. There is a well where no stream flows towards it, and yet four kinds of fish are caught there. The well is only twenty feet long and twenty feet wide, and has no great depth but to the knee. It closes with high banks on every side.\n\nIn the countryside around Winchester, there is a den or cave. Out of the cave blows a strong wind all the way, so that no man can endure to stand before it. There is also a pond that tears trees into iron if they are there in a year. Trees are shaped into whetstones. Additionally, on the top of a hill, there is a well.Every man who comes and meets a burial, he shall find it even of his own length and measure. And if a pilgrim kneels there immediately, he shall be fresh and feel no grief of weariness.\n\nTop. Near the minster of Winchester, not far from that, is a wood that bears much fruit. If the trees of that wood fall into water or ground, they lie there all a year. The trees torn into stones.\n\nGisborne. Under the city of Chester runs the River Dee. That side of it has the worst end and is overset. And men of the other side shall have a better end and be above when the water changes its course so that it brings such happenings. This River Dee runs and comes out of a hot lake. Pymplestead. In this river is great abundance of salmon; nevertheless, none is ever found in the lake.\n\nWill help thee, Re, le ii. Take heed how great light and brightness has been shown upon England since they first turned to right belief. So that of no men in any province.After finding many whole bodies of men after her death in a state of everlastingness, as it well seems in these holy Saints as Edeldred, Edmond, King Elphege, Edgar, Cutberd, and St. Edward, and many others I believe. It is likely due to a special grace of God Almighty for the nation that is set aside as it were, outside of the world, to bury bodies without corruption and decay. And they are more bold and steadfast to trust in the final rising of dead bodies for the last day.\n\nAfter the first Brute's time, the island of Britain began to have the principal parties, that is, Logria and Cambria, which is Wales. And Albania, now Scotland. Logria is named after Loegria, Brute's oldest son, and Logria is called England now. The borders and markets were there once, the French sea laps by east and south. Beda, 1.i.c. ii. And by the north, two arms of the sea.The sea that breaks into the land either against each other, they do not come together. The eastern arm of these two begins about two miles from the monastery of Ebburcurynge. In the west side of Penulton in that arm is a town called Guidy. The western arm of these two has a strong city on the right side called Alcluith, which in their territory is called Clintstone and stands on a river called Clyde. Some men mean that Logria ends at Humber and stretches no further northward. The second party of Britain is called Albinia, that is Scotland, and has that name of Albanactus Brutus' son. It stretches from the aforementioned two arms of the sea northerly ward to those of Norway. Nevertheless, the southern parties of Albania, where the Picts dwelt sometime, lie from the waters of Tweed to the Scottish sea. All this once belonged to the kingdom of Northumberland, Bernicia, the northern part of Northumberland from the first time of the English king.to that tyme whan Kynadius kynge of Scotlonde that was Alpinus sone dyd a way the Pyctes and so Ioyned that countre to the kyngdome of Scotlonde. The\u0304 thyrde partye of Brytayne is wales walia that heet Cam\u00a6bria also / & hath that name Cambria of Cam\u00a6bre Brutes sone / for he was prynce of wales. In the eest syde Seurnee departed some tyme bytwene Englonde & wales. But in the north syde the Ryuer of Dee atchestre and in the sou\u00a6the ye Ryuer that is named Vaga at ye castel of\nSrygelyn departeth Englonde and wales. All so kynge Offa for to haue a dystynccyon for e\u00a6uermore bytwene the kynges of Englo\u0304de and of wales made a longe dyche that dretched for the out of the southe syde by Brystowe vnder the hylles of wales Seuerne and Dee almoste to the heedes and vnto the mouthe of the Ry\u2223uer of Dee beyonde Chestre faste by the castell it reenneth bytwene Colehyll and the mynstre of Basyngwercke into the see. This dytthe is yet in many places seen In saynt Edwardes tyme walsshmen sholde not passe that was att ErleHarold procuring, as it shall be said hereafter, is in either side, both apart and specifically in the shires of Chester, Shrewsbury, and Hereford, in many places, Englishmen and Welshmen have mingled together.\nBritain has three islands that are night and longing towards them, Orkades, as it were, answering to the three chief parts of Britain. For the island of white lies to the north-west, that is England. The island Mon, called Anglesey, also lies to the west, and the island Esbonian, which has two other names and is called Meneuia and Man, lies to the north. And all these three islands, White, Mon, and Man, are almost alike in size. \u00b6Beda.li.i.ca.iii-\nClaudius sent Vespasian. And Vespasian, who was a tall man, stretched out from the east into the west thirty miles. And from the south into the north twelve miles. He is in the eastern side six miles.myle from the south cliff of Brytainy. And three miles from the western side. Beda.li.iiii.ca.v. The measurement of this island, as Englishmen estimate, is a thousand householders and two hundred. Gir. in itinere. A man named Anglesey also departed from north Wales by a short arm of the sea, as it were two miles broad. In Mon there are three hundred towns. XIIIIII. And are accounted for Cadredes, who were three hundred. The island is as it were thirty myle in extent, of which thirty myle of its territory produces serpents born in other lands. Molyuncyus, king of the Britons, was the thirteenth of them and the first to grant safety to every man who went to any of them for aid or for peace, provided he had sought his leave. But afterwards, due to uncertain ways and strife, Belinus, the son of Molyuncius, was appointed to put an end to all strife and doubt. He established four high kingly ways, privileged with all privileges and freedom. The ways stretch through the land.ylonde. The fyrste and gretest of all the foure wayes is called Fosse & stretcheth out of the south in to the northe and begynneth frome the corner of Cornewayle & passeth forthe by Deuenshyre by Somersete & forth be sydes Tetbury vpon Cotteswolde be\u00a6syde Couentre vnto Leycestre / & soo forthe by wylde playnes towarde Newarke and endeth at Lyncoln. The seconde chyfe kynges hyghe waye is named watlyngstrete and stretcheth thwarte ouer Fosse out of the southeest in to ye norwest and begynneth at Douer and passeth by the myddell of Kente ouer Temse besyde London by westmestre and so forthe by saynt Albon in the west syde by donstaple by Scrat\u00a6forde by Towcetre by wedo\u0304 by southe Lylle\u2223born by Atheryston vnto gylbertes hylle that nowe is called wrekene and forthe by Seuar\u00a6ne and passeth besydes wrokcestre / and then\u0304e forthe to Stratton and soo forthe ay the myd\u00a6dell of wales vnto Cardyka\u0304 and endeth atte Irysshe see. The thyrde waye is called Eryn\u2223nugestrete and stretcheth oute of the west nor weste in to theThis text appears to be written in Old English, with some modern English words interspersed. I will attempt to clean and translate it into modern English while preserving the original content as much as possible.\n\nThe text begins in the southeastern part, starting in Meneuia, which is Saint David's land in west Wales. It extends to Southampton. The fourth is called Rykenylstreet and goes through Worcester, Wycombe, Brymingham, Derby, Chestrefelde, York, and ends at Tynmouthe.\n\nThere are three famous rivers, which three rivers that come in ships beyond the sea enter Britain from all manner of nations and lands. These three rivers are the Thames, Severn, and Humber. The sea ebbs and flows at these three rivers and separates the provinces of the island as if they were the three kingdoms separately. The three parts are Logria, Cambria, and Northumbria. The east sea holds its name 20 miles beyond London and departs in some place Kent & Essex, westsex, and Mercia, which is as it were a great deal of midland England. \u00b6R. Severn is a river of Britain and is called Havern in British, and it has the name Habern, which was Estryd's daughter Guendolon.\n\nCleaned Text:\n\nThis text begins in the southeastern part, starting in Meneuia, which is Saint David's land in west Wales. It extends to Southampton. The fourth is called Rykenylstreet and goes through Worcester, Wycombe, Brymingham, Derby, Chestrefelde, York, and ends at Tynmouthe.\n\nThere are three famous rivers, which come in ships beyond the sea from all manner of nations and lands. These three rivers are the Thames, Severn, and Humber. The sea ebbs and flows at these three rivers and separates the provinces of the island as if they were the three kingdoms separately. The three parts are Logria, Cambria, and Northumbria. The east sea holds its name 20 miles beyond London and departs in some place Kent & Essex, westsex, and Mercia, which is as it were a great deal of midland England. \u00b6R. Severn is a river of Britain and is called Havern in British, and it has the name Habern, which was Estryd's daughter Guendolon's name.The queen drenched this river in it / therefore the Britons called the river Humber after the woman who was drowned in it / by corrupt Latin it is called Sabrina in English. Sabrina begins in the middle of Wales and passes first to Wardle towards Shrewsbury, then turns southward to Bridgnorth, Worcester, and falls into the west side of Bristol and departs into some place in England and Wales. William de Pon. III. Sauerne is swift-flowing; fish craft is found there; its waters are turbulent and the swirling water casts up and gathers great heaps of gravel. Seuarne often rises and overflows the banks. R. Hubert, the name of Hubert, king of Huns, is given to Hubert, for he was drowned there. It first issues a crook out of the south side of York / then it leaves the province of Lindsey and joins the Merces from the other northern province Thirty and Ouse run into Hubert\nand make the river full great. Trevisa. The Mercians were men asThe kingdom of Britain was once made fair with 28 noble cities, with few castles that were strongly built with towers, walls, and gates. After these were the names of the cities: Caerlud (London), Caerbra\u0304k (York), Caerkent (Canterbury), Taergoraukon (Worcester), Caerlyryon (Leicester), Caerclon (Gloucester), Caercolde\u0304 (Chelmsford), Carrency (Cirencester), Caergunt (Winchester), Caergraunt (Cambridge), caerleyll (Lichfield), Caerporis (Peterborough), caerdrom (Dorchester), Caerludcoyt (Lincoln), Lyndecolyn, Caermarthyn (Carmarthen), and cersege\u0304t (Salisbury). Near these were also Reading (Caerlegeon), first called Leggester and now named Chester. Caerbathon (Bath) and once called:\n\n(Note: The text seems to be listing the names of cities in ancient Britain. No major cleaning is necessary as the text is already readable and understandable, but some minor corrections have been made for clarity.)\n\nThe kingdom of Britain once consisted of 28 noble cities, with only a few castles. These cities were fortified with walls, towers, gates, and strong bars. Here are their names: London (Caerlud), York (Caerbra\u0304k), Canterbury (Caerkent), Worcester (Taergoraukon), Leicester (Caerlyryon), Gloucester (Caerclon), Chelmsford (Caercolde\u0304), Cirencester (Carrency), Winchester (Caergunt), Cambridge (Caergraunt), Lichfield (caerleyll), Peterborough (Caerporis), Dorchester (caerdrom), Lincoln (Caerludcoyt), Salisbury (cersege\u0304t), and Reading (Caerlegeon), which was originally called Leggester and is now named Chester. Bath (Caerbathon) was also among them.Athamanus, the bishop of Citeaux, now known as Shaftesbury. Other cities are mentioned in chronicles for the understanding of following stories. Wyll de la Pon. London is a royal and wealthy city upon Thames. It was once called Kent's chief town, Caer Kent, by its burghers, marchants, and Norman conquerors. Afterwards, the English called it Dorobernia, but this is not Dover that stands on the cliff of the French sea and from it 22 English miles away. Dorobernia was and is also called Canterbury. The same king, Rudhudibrys, bought Winchester and called it Caergue\u0304t, and afterwards it was called Winchester after the name of an Englishman who was bishop there. All of Wessex was subject to him. The same king built Palatine, now known as Shaftesbury. The Britons tell that an eagle prophesied there at that time. Bladud. Nynia, the ninth king of Britain, was his son. He built Bath and called it Caerbathon.Englishmen called it Bathonia, or Bath, after Athermannus city. Willhelm depons II in this city wells up and springs hot Baths, and I believe Julius Caesar made such baths here. But Gaufridus hot baths, neither did Julius Caesar do such a deed, though Bladud built and made the city. However, it seems more reasonable to kindly reason that the water rises from the earth through channels of brimstone and sulphur, and is therefore naturally hot and springs up in various places of the city. And there are hot baths that wash with this bath's water which are more troubling and sour in taste and smell than other hot baths I have seen at Aken in Germany. And eyes in Saueoye, which are fair and clear as any well stream I have been bathed in and tested. Claudius Caesar married his daughter to Arviragus, king of Britons. This Claudius Caesar built Gloucester in the wedding of his daughter. Britons first called this city after Claudius' name butAfterward, it was called Gloucester, named after Gloria, who was duke of the country and stood on the Severn in the march of England and Wales. Shrewsbury, a city on Severn in the march of England and Wales, is situated on top of a hill, and is called Shrewsbury from the shrubs and fruit that grew there once. Bryton was sometimes called Pengre, it is said, and was the head of powers in the middle of Wales, facing the Irish Sea. Nottingham stands on Trent and was sometimes called Nottingham. It is uncertain who first built this city, but if it were King Lud, as suggested by the name, for \"caer\" is British and means a fortified town, and \"coit\" is a wood, so Caerlud coit could be translated as Lud's wood town.King Leir, middle of England, on the River Ouse at York and on Fosse, the king's byway. York is a beautiful city on either side of the River Ouse, seeming as fair as Rome to the time it was, when the five kings of Britain built it and called it after his own name, Caerbran. He also built two other cities, one in Scotland, called Edinburgh, and another towards the end of England, also called Edinburgh. R. Edinburgh is a city in the land of the Picts between the River Tweed and the Scottish sea, where Brytons, Picts, and Englishmen reigned. It was a noble city to the coming of the Danes. But afterwards, around the year 812 AD, it was destroyed when the Danes destroyed the countryside of Northumberland. However, in what part of Britain the city Aldcluth was built is uncertain. Beda says differently. He says it was built on the western shore of the sea.The city of Alcliud, situated between the Bryto\u0304s and the Pyctes, is believed to be the one now called Alo\u0304burgh. It is an old town and lies upriver, not far from Barghbrydge. It is fifteen miles west of York. According to Geoffrey of Monmouth in his \"Deserts of the Britons,\" King Elidur of the Britons stayed at the city of Alcliud for solace and found his brother north of it, a distance of twenty miles. The most devastated part of that region is now destroyed. Some might suppose that Alcliud is the town now called Burgham in the north country of Westmoreland, which stands fast by Comberland, and is situated on the River Eden. You may now determine its location.\n\nTreuysa. It is not hard to assume, if men pay attention, that many towns bear the same name, such as Carthage in Africa and Cartago in Spain. New Porte in.Wales and Newport are in the parish of Berkeley, Wotton-under-Edge, and Wotton, which is near Wyke in the parish of Berkeley. And there are two towns there called Hampton, as Southampton and Northampton, so it seems from the stories. One Alcliud was in Yorkshire, another in Westmerland, and one was on the right side of the western arm of the sea, which separates England and Scotland. But the Alcliud was a large city, as Bede says. And the city stands by a river called Cliud. There is no such river in Yorkshire, in Westmerland, as I have been told. Some men say that the river Cliud is now named Sulwach. Sulwae is northwest and has another name, which is Luguball. Leyil, the seventh king of the Britons, built Caerleon. \u00b6R. In this city is some part of the famous wall that passes northward through Northumberland. \u00b6William de Ponte in this city still stands, a thing that could never be destroyed by tempest or weather nor with burning of fire. Also in the country near Westmerland, in front of it,The three-chambered place is written in this manner: Marii. victory. What this writing means I doubt somewhat, but if it refers to the Combes who lay here when the council of Marius had expelled him from Italy, it seems better. However, it appears to be written in the mind of Marius, king of the Britons, who was Arviragus' son. This Marius was overcome in that place by Roderyk, king of Pictes. So says Gaufre in his British book. At Hagustaldes church, which is 80 miles northwest of York, the place is said to have been destroyed. So says Willyam malmesbury. That place once belonged to the bishopric of York. There were once houses with vicious arches and vaults in the Roman manner. Now the place is called Hestolesham and Eglesham. \u00b6Beda, 1.iii. ca. i. says, \"Then that place is fast by the long wall of the work of Rome in the northern half.\" \u00b6R.\n\nThere is a difference between the princedom of Lindisfarne and the church Lindisfarne. For the:The province of Lindisfarne and Lindesey is one and lies to the east of Lindisfarne, of which Bede writes in his Ecclesiastical History, Book IV, chapter XI, that Sexwulf was the first bishop there. However, Bede writes in Book XIV that Lindisfarne church is an island called Holy Island in the river Tweed next to Barwick. And so, according to Bede's accounts, the Tweed river runs into the famous arm of the sea that is now separated into English and Scottish waters in the eastern half. Among these islands, one is Mayros, now called Mayrox. To the west of Lindisfarne church, which is called Holy Island, is Lindisfarne Abbey, also known as Ferny Island. About two miles above it is a royal city on the Tweed bank, which was once called Bebanburgh but is now called Bamburgh and has a strong castle. Girvan's Introduction: There are two cities there, each called Carlisle and Caerleon.Demycia in south wales that is named caeruske / also there the Ryuer of Vske falyeth into Seuerne faste by glamorgan Bellynus kynge of Brytons somtyme buyled the cytye and was somtyme the chyef cyte of Demecya in south wales. Afterwarde in Claudi{us} cezare latyn wryttynge. For he yt made it in latyn tor\u00a6ned it not into Englysshe ne it was torned into Englisshe in the same place yt it was fyrste in la\u00a6tyn\u00b7 The vnderstondynge of hym yt made this Cronycles is thus the begnnyng of this booke. \u00b6Presentem cronicam compliauit frater Ra\u00a6nulphus Cestre\u0304sis monachus. That is to sa\u00a6ye in Englysshe. Broder Ranuiphe monke of\nChestre conpyled and made this Booke of the Cronycles / \u00b6R. The of Legyons that is che\u2223stre stondeth in ye marche of Englonde towar\u00a6de wales bytwene two armes of the see yt been namedde and Mersee \\ This Cytie in tyme of Brytons was heed and cheyf cyte of all Vene\u00a6docia / that is North wales The fou\u0304der of this cyte is vnknowen\u00b7 For who that seeth the fou\u0304\u00a6dementes of the grete stones wolde ratherWe noticed that it was Romans' work or work of Gaunties before it was set by Britons. This city, in British speech, was called Caerleon Legionaria in Latin and Chester in English, and the city of Legions as well. Further, the legions of knights that Julius Caesar sent for to conquer Ireland were delayed here a winter. And after Claudius Caesar sent legions out of that city for the conquest of the isle called Orkades, whatever William Malmesbury meant by this city. This city has plenty of livestock, corn, flesh, fish, and especially of the price of salt. This city receives much merchant commerce and sends out as well. Near this city are salt wells. Metellus and Oros destroyed this city sometime, but after wards, Elfleda, lady of Mercia, built it again and made it much more. In the same city are ways under the earth with vows and stone work wonderfully wrought. There are chamber works, great stones gravelled with old men's names therein.Iulius Caesar's name is wonderfully inscribed in stones here, and other men's with writing about this. This is the city that Edelfride, king of Northumbria, destroyed and slew nearly two thousand monks of the monastery of Bangor here. This is the city that King Edgar came here sometime with seven kings who were subjects to him. Ametre broke out in this manner in praise of this city: Chester castle town as it were. The name takes from a castle. It is known what man built this city anew: Tholancestre, these towns are now called the towns of the Legions. Now Welsh and English hold this City of great price. Stones on the wall seem like work of Hercules all. There long with might endures this hope is high. Saxon small stones are set upon great benches. There under the ground, a double vault is found that helps with sounds. Many men of western lands, Fish flesh and corn low. This city town has yon ships and trade. See, water brings you there. God's shrine is located there that was.Emperor Harald's court. Earth dwells rightly there. Powder still remains. Bacchus and Mercury reside. Mars and Venus, Lauerna, Proserpina, and Pluto reign there.\n\nThese poets speak as if every kind of craft and living had distinct gods, each from the other. And so they feigned a god of war and fighting, whom they called Mars, and a god of desire and riches, Mercury. Bacchus is called the god of wine, Venus the goddess of love and beauty. Lauerna, the god of theft and robbery. Proserpina, the god of deceit and cunning. Pluto, the god of the underworld, is not mentioned.Unreservedly, this refers to the god of Hell. R. There, Babylon lore might have truth the more / Take heed, you Englishmen contained in the hundred and thirty-two shires and provinces now called Earloms: Cernevale, the Isle of Wight, Southsex, Sothery, Hampshire, Barkshire (it has its name from a bare oak that is in the forest of Windsor), Wiltshire (sometimes called the province of Somerset), Dorset, Deynshire (now Deuonia in Latin), and the southern shires: Surrey, Sussex, Essex, Medesex, Southerne, Northfolke, Herdforthe, Huntingdon, Beddeforsh, Bo(o)kyngham, Leicester, Derby, Nottingham, Lincolnshire, Yorkshire, Durham, Northumberland. Five little shires. These fifteen northern and eastern shires were once governed and ruled by the law called Mercia in Latin and Marche.In English, Yorkshire stretches from the River Humber to the River Tees. And in Yorkshire there are approximately 2200 hundred and four hundred and forty towns, all one. Candred is a word made up of Welsh and Irish, meaning a country that contains a hundred towns, also known as Wentworth. For a time, tenants were accustomed to yield up their weapons in place of homage in this shire. Durham stretches from the River Tees to the River Tyne. And to speak properly of Northumberland, it stretches from the River Tyne to the River Tweed, which is in the beginning of Scotland. If the county of Northumberland, which was once from Humber to Tweed, is now counted as one:\n\nDunwallus, who was called Mollius, also made the first laws in Britain. These laws were called Mollian laws and were solemnly observed until William the Conqueror's time. Mollius ordained among his laws that cities, temples, and ways be:That led men there / and plowmen should have privilege and freedom to save all men who fled there for succor and refuge. Then, Mercia, queen of Britain, whose province was called Mercia by some, made a law full of wisdom and reason, and was called Merchene law. Gildas, who wrote the Chronicles and histories of the Britons, translated these two laws from British speech into Latin. And afterwards, King Alfred translated all of them from Latin into Saxon speech, and was also called Marchene law. Then, after the Danes became lords in this land, the third law arose, which was called Danelaw. Of these three laws, Saint Edward the Third made one common law, which is still called Saint Edward's law. I hold it well done to write here and explain many terms of these laws. Mindenburg, hurting of honor and worship. I translate honor as French bleschurd honor.The text \"burbruck in French, Bishops in Flanders defended highways. Saka, Sute of bondemen fighting, Amerasement fighting. blood-writing, A Mersement for shedding blood, Flytwytte, Amendes for Danes that were of every good territory. That is every ox land three pence and a hundred is all one for the courtesies of towns where they used to give up weapons in the coming of a lord Lestage custom charged in cheping fares and stallage / custom for standing in streets in fair time.\n\nThe kingdom of Britain stood without departing whole and all one kingdom to the Britons from the first Brute unto Julius Caesar's time, and from Julius Caesar's time unto Severus' time, this land was under tribute to the Romans. Nevertheless, kings they had of the same land from Severus unto the last prince Gracyan, successors of Britain failed, and Romans ruled in Britain. Afterwards, the Romans left their ruling in Britain by\"The kingdom of Scotland and Northumbria, ruled by the Scots and Piedmontese for great reasons on our lord's side, lasted for three hundred and fifty-eight years, from the time Baldred was deposed until Egbert, king of Wessex, joined it to his own. The second kingdom was at South Saxon, which had the sea on the east side, Hampshire in the west, and Ella ruled first with his three sons, beginning to reign the year after the arrival of the Angles, even though the kingdom did not last long and passed into other kingdoms. The third kingdom was of East Saxon, which had the sea on the east side, London in the west, the Thames in the south, and South Folk in the north. The kings of the kingdom of Wessex from Sebert's time to the Danish period numbered ten, some of whom were subject to other kings. However, from the north side, the sea, and in the east:The kingdom of Northumbria, located in the northwest, included the areas of Yorkshire in the west, Saint Edmond's Dyche and Hertfordshire, and Essex in the south. This kingdom lasted for twelve dynasties until the time of King Edmond's death. Afterward, the Danes took control of both the kingdoms of East Anglia and East Saxon. The Danes were later driven out or made subject, and the elder King Edward then joined both kingdoms to his own. The fifth kingdom was that of Wessex, which lasted the longest of all the kingdoms. It had the Isle of Wight in the east, South Saxons in the south, Tamise in the north, and the sea to the west. In this kingdom, Serdryd ruled with his son Kenryk, beginning to reign in the year of our Lord five hundred and twenty. After the arrival of the Angles, the other kingdoms were absorbed into this kingdom. The sixth kingdom was that of Mercia, which was the largest. Its borders were in the west by the River Derwent, near Chester, and by the Severn in the east, near Shrewsbury, extending to Bristol.This kingdom lies in the south towards Tamworth to London, in the north the River Humber. And so westward and downward to the River Mersey to the corner of Wyrehall. Here, the Humber falls into the west sea. Penda's son first ruled in this kingdom in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 547, according to Denys, and from the coming of the Angels, a hundred and seventy-five years. This kingdom lasted under eighteen kings for about two hundred and sixty-three years, until the last Colwulf. The Danes took possession of the kingdom, driving out the king. But Elder Edward, the king, expelled the Danes and built a castle at Manchester in Northumberland. However, the city of Manchester is scarcely three miles from the River Mersey.\n\nLlewelys was the first king of the Britons to be christened. In his time, there were three archbishoprics in Britain. One was at London, another at York, and the third at Caerleon, the city of legions in Glamorgan. That city is now called Caerleon.\n\nTo these archbishoprics were called:In the Saxon time, the Archbishopric of London extended from Cornwall in the south-west of England, to York in the north, including Northumberland and all of Scotland, as well as Wales. There were seven Bishops in the dioceses, and now there are only four. Thomas de Beauchamp, the Archbishop of London, departed from England and Wales. In the time of Saint Gregory, London was granted the privilege of an Archbishopric. However, Saint Austen, who was sent to England by Saint Gregory, became the Archbishop of Canterbury instead. After the days of Saint Gregory, at the request of King Ethelbert and during the reign of a king of Mercia, the men of Canterbury and those who worshipped Adulph, Bishop of Lichfield, were granted the pallium by the Archbishop, with the consent of Adrian the Pope at the Council of Reims. Armonica, the last British bishop, took the pallium from him and went to Britain, becoming the Bishop of Dolomieu. From that time until the first Henry's reign in England.were at Meneuia whiche is called saint Dauyds .xxi. bysshops all without palle / whe\u00a6ther it were for vnconnynge or for pouerte. Neuertheles alway fro that tyme ye bysshops of wales were sacryd of the bysshop of Mene\u00a6uia of saynt Dauyds / and the bysshop of Me\u2223neuia was sacred of the bysshops of wales as of his suffrigans & made no professyon ne sub\u00a6iection to none other chirche. Other bysshops that come after warde were sacred at Caunter\u00a6bury compellynge and heest of the kynge / in token of that sacrynge & subieccyon\u00b7 Bonefa\u2223ce Archebysshop of Caunterbury that was le\u2223gate of the Crosse songe in euery Catheralle chirche of wales solempnely. Amas he was ye fyrste Archebysshop of Caunterbury that soo dyde in wales / & yt was dene in the second He\u0304\u2223ryes tyme. R. But nowe ben but two prima\u2223tes in all Englonde of Cau\u0304terbury and of yor\u00a6ke. To the prymate of Caunterbury ben sub\u2223gette .xiii. bysshops in Englonde & .iiii\u00b7 in wa\u2223les. The premate of yorke hath but two suffry\u00a6gans in Englonde that ben the bysshop ofCaerlelyll and Durham: In the beginning of the holy church in England, bishops established their sees in lowly and simple places, suitable for contemplation and devotion. However, during William the Conqueror's time, by law, it was decreed that bishops' sees should move from small towns into great cities. Therefore, the see of Durham was changed to Lincoln; Leicester to Chester. Tetford to Norwich. Shirburn to Salisbury. Wells to Bath. Conisbrough to Exeter, and Selesey to Chichester. The bishop of Rochester has no parish but he is the archbishop's chaplain of Canterbury. Since the see of Canterbury was first ordained by St. Augustine, its place has never changed. Chichester has only Southwark and the Isle of Wight under it, and its see was first in the time of Archbishop Theodore. It lasted there for 334 years under 20 bishops from the first.Wulfhere, at the commandment of King William the Conqueror, changed the name of the sea from Selsey to Chichester. Remember that the province of Wessex had always had one bishop from the beginning, up to the time of Theodore. King Ise of Wessex, the first, ordained a see at Dorchester, a simple town south of Oxford, beside the Thames between the meeting of the Temese and Tame, when Birinus was dead. Kehewalcus the king ordained a see at Winchester, as his father had intended. There, Aethelbert, a Frenchman, was the first bishop of all the province of Wessex. For a time, the city and see of Dorchester belonged to the province of Mercia; that city stands within the Temese. The Temese separates Mercia and Wessex. After Aethelbert was expelled from Winchester, Wintun, an Englishman, was bishop there, who was called Wine. Some men suppose that this city has the name of this Wine, and is called Winchester accordingly.In the city of Winchester, after Wynne, Leutherius, the aforementioned Angelbertsnew, served as bishop. After Leutherius, there was a brief interval. When he died, Theodorus, the Archbishop, appointed two bishops to the province of Wessex. Danzel at Winchester was subject to him, and to him were subject the counties of Somerset, Dorsetshire, Devonshire, Wiltshire, and Cornwall. \u00b6Treves. It seems that Wessex contained these counties: Somerset, Dorsetshire, Devonshire, Wiltshire, and Cornwall. \u00b6Wilhelm. In Edward the Elder's time, three other sees were ordained for these two provinces by the command of Pope Formosus. At Wells for Somerset. At Cerne for Devonshire. And at St. Germain for Cornwall. Not long after, the sixth see was established at Ramsbury for Wiltshire. At the last, by command of King William, all these sees except Winchester were torn down and changed from small towns into great cities.Shyrborn and Rummesbury were transferred to Salisbury. Now, to that see is subject Barkshire, Wiltshire, and Dorset. The see of Welles was transferred to Bath. There, all Somerset is subject. The sees of Kirton and Cornwall were changed to Exeter. There, Deveshire and Cornwall are subject. It is known that the East Saxons, from the beginning to now, were subject to the bishop of London. But the province of the East Angles, which contains Norfolk and Suffolk, had one bishop at Dunwich. The bishop was named Felix and was a Burgundian. He was bishop for seventeen years. After him, Thomas was bishop for five years. Boniface was bishop for seventeen years after that. Then, Bisy was ordained by Theodorus and ruled the province as long as he could by himself. After him, until Egbert's time, king of Wessex, one hundred and forty-three bishops ruled that province, one at Dunwich and another at Elyngham. Nevertheless, after Ludecan's time, king of Mercia, left and there was only one see at Elyngham until the five-year reign of William.When Herfast, the 23rd bishop of the eastern see, changed his see from Thetford, and his successor Herbert changed it from Thetford to Norwich at the behest of King William the Red. The see of Ely, which is nearest to it, was established by King Henry in the 9th year of his reign, and he made Cambridgeshire subject to it, which was previously a part of the bishopric of Lincoln. In return, he gave the bishop of Lincoln a good town called Spalding.\n\nTake note that, just as the Kingdom of Mercia was always greatest for the time, it was also divided into many bishoprics, and especially under King Offa. He changed the archbishop's see from Canterbury to Lichfield with the consent of Adrian, the pope. Then, in the earliest days of its Christianity during King Wulfra's time, the province of Mercia and Lindsey had one bishop at Lichfield. The first bishops were Dwyna and Celath, both of Scottish descent.The third Trumphere, the fourth Iarmuanus, the fifth Chedde. In Edelfydes time, when Chedde was dead, Theodorus, the archbishop, ordained Wynfride, Chedde's deacon. Nevertheless, at Hindon after that, for he was unworthy in some point, he ordained there Sexwulf as abbot of Medstead, which is named a borough. But after Sexwulf's fourth year, Theodorus, the archbishop, ordained five bishops in the province of Mercia.\n\nAt York was one see for all the province of Northumberland. Paulinus held the see first and was ordained by the bishop of Canterbury. He held the see at York for seven years. Afterward, when King Edwin was slain and things were disturbed, Paulinus went away by water into Kent from whence he came first and took with him the pall. Wilhelms. liii. And so the bishopric of York ceased for thirty years, and the use of the pall ceased there for a hundred and twenty-five years until Egbert, the bishop who was the king's brother of the land, recovered it by the authority of the pope. R.When Saint Oswald ruled, Aidan was bishop in Bernicia, which is the north side of Northumbria. After him came Finian, then Salman. Wilfrid succeeded him. At last, he went into Scotland with great dignity, for Wilfred was taken against his will by the Welsh. Thirty years after Paulinus had left, Wilfrid was made bishop of York. Beda, Book IV.\n\nBut while he dwelt long in Francia about his consecration at the instigation of the Quartadecimonarians, who held it on the fourteenth day of the month, Cedd was taken out of his abbey of Lindisfarne and wrongfully cast out to sea with the assent of King Oswy. But three years later, Theodorus, bishop, made a way for him and assigned him to the province of Mercia, restoring Wilfrid to the see of York. However, due to the wrath between him and King Ecgfrith, Theodorus, the corrupt bishop, did this after Wilfrid had been deposed.The bishop of York and Cumbria at Hagasthalde church, and Eata at Lindisfarne church, now called Holy Island in the River Tweed. Aidan founded the see. Theodorus made Eadhred bishop of Ripon, who had returned from Lindisfarne. Wilfred was abbot of Ripon. Theodorus sent Trunwynus to the land of Pyetes in the ends of England, fast by Scotland, in a place called Candida Casa. And Whitern also. There St. Ninian, a Briton, was first founder and doctor. But all these sees, except York, failed little and late for the see of Candida Casa, which lay long in England and lasted many years under ten bishops, until it had no power due to the destruction of the Picts. The sees of Hagasthalde and Lindisfarne were once one, under sixty bishops for about forty-six years, and lasted until the coming of the Danes. In that time, under Hyngar and Hubba, the bishop journeyed long with St. Cubert's body to King Athelred's time, king of Wessex, and the see of Lindisfarne was.Set at Kunyngsbury, called King's Lynn, is a place also known as UVbesforde, on the Trent. In the last year 17 of King Athelred the Unready's son, Edgar, the see was changed to Durham, and Saint Cuthbert bishop had jurisdiction thereafter. The first King Henry, in the 9th year of his reign, established the new seat at Caerleon. The archbishop of Canterbury has under him 13 bishops in England and 4 in Wales. He has Rochester under him, and that sees jurisdiction includes a part in Kent alone. London has under it Essex, Middlesex, and half Herfordshire. Chester has under it Southsex and the Isle of Wight. Winchester has under it Hampshire and Wiltshire. Salisbury has under it Barkshire, Wiltsire, De provinces that lie between Trent and Humber, the shires of Lincoln, Leicester, Northampton, Huntingdon, Bedford, and Bockingham, and half Herfordshire. Ely has under it Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely. NorwichThe archbishop of Canterbury has under him Merlonde of Norfolk and Suffolk. The archbishop of York has now only two bishops under him, Durham and Caerlell. There are four suffragans in Wales under the archbishop of Canterbury: Landaff, St. David of Bangor, and St. Asaph. The archbishop of York has, in things concerning the worship of God and the belief of the holy church, only two primates in England. The one who is primate of York shall be subject to the primate of Canterbury in such places in England where the primate of Canterbury wishes and convenes a council of clergy. When the primate of York comes to Canterbury and with other bishops, he shall consecrate the one chosen, and with other bishops, he shall consecrate his own primate. If the primate of York is dead, his successor shall come to the bishop of Canterbury, and he shall consecrate him.Take his ordiance of him and take his oath with procession and lawful obedience. Around the year 1135 AD, during the time of King Richard, reasons were set forth for each party regarding primacy, and what one primate did to the other from the Conquest until the third reign of Henry. This place is but a summary and not a full treatment of the subject. Therefore, it is unnecessary to charge this place with all those reasons.\n\nBritons first dwelt in this land the eighteenth year of Helias the prophet, the eleventh year of Solinus Postumus, king of the Latins, the forty-third year after the taking of Troy, 332 years before the building of Rome. (Bede, Li.i.) They came here and took their course from Armorica, which is now that other Britain. It happened afterwards in Vespasian's time, duke of Rome. The Picts shipped out of Sicily.In ancient times, Scottes and their king Occan entered the north coast of Ireland and found Scottes there, requesting a place to dwell. Scotland could not support both peoples, so Scottes sent Pietes to the north side of England for help against their enemies, the Brytons. The condition was that if doubt arose, the one chosen as king should be from the mother's side rather than the father's side of the women's kin, rather than the men's kind. Gaufre reigned during the time of Emperor Vaspasian when Marius, king of the Scottes, slew Rodryk, king of Pietes, who had come from Scycya to destroy Scotland. Marius gave the northern part of Scotland, which was called Cathenesia, to the men who came with Rodryk and were overcome by him, for them to dwell in. However, these men had no wives, nor could they have any from the local women.The Britons, for they sailed into Ireland and took to their wives Irishemens' daughters, by that covenant that the maternal blood should be put forward in succession of heritage. According to Giraldus, ca. xvii. However, Sirinus says that Pyctes, Agatyrses, who had some dwelling place about the waters of Scythia, are called Pyctes of Painting and Smiting of wounds. Therefore, they are called Pyctes, as painted men. These men and these gods were all one people. For when the sea, that breaks into the land on the western side, separated in old time between Britons and Pyctes. Of this Duke Renda, the Scots had the name and were called Darrelendians, as it were Renda's part, for in her speech, a part is called dall. Giraldus. The Pyctes might have no wives of Britons but took them as wives from Irisian Scots and promised them fair for dwelling with them. And granted him a land by the sea side, there the sea is now. That land is called now. Galway Marianus, Irisian Scotesshe.lo\u0304\u2223de datte Argall that is Scotten clyfe for Scot\u00a6tes londed there for to doo tharme to the Bry\u2223tons or for that place is nexte to Irlonde for to come a londe in Brytayne. \u00b6Beda. And soo the Scottes after Brytons and Pryctes made the thyrde people dwellynge in Brytayne. \u00b6R. Thenne after that come Saxons atte prayenge of the Brytons to helpe them ayenst the Scottes and Pyctes. \u00b6And the Brytons were soone put out in to waies. And Suxons occupyed the Londe lytell and lytell. And efte more to the Scottysshe see. And soo Saxoas made the fourthe manere of men in the ylonde of Brytayne. \u00b6Beda li.v. ca. ix. For Saxons and Angels came oute of Germania / yet so\u2223me Brytons that dwelled nyghe callen hem shortly Germans. \u00b6R. Netheles abowte the yere of our lorde .viii. hondred Egbartus kyn\u00a6ge of westsaxon commaunded and badde alle men calle the men of the londe Englysshmen. \u00b6Alfre. Thenne after that the Canes pursu\u2223ed the londe. Abowte two hondred yere / that is for to saye fro the for sayde Egbarteus tyme vnto sayntDuring Edward's time, the people in the land, except they faltered afterwards. In the end, Normans came to Duke William and subdued Englishmen. And yet, they kept the land and made the terms they had often used against them in treason. They invited all the Picts, and especially the leaders, to a feast. They waited for their time when the Picts were merry and had well drunk. They drew up nets that held hollow beech logs under the Picts and the Picts, unaware, suddenly fell into a wonderful pitful one. Then the Scots fell upon the Picts and slew them, leaving none alive. And so, of the two warring peoples, the better warriors were holily destroyed. But the other, those who were the Scots, traitors unlike the Picts, took profit by that false treason. For they took all that land and hold it until this time and it. Scotland, after her own name, In King Edgar's time, Kinadin Alpinus was duke and leader of the Scots.Scottes fought in Picte land and destroyed the Pictes. He fought six times in Saxon lands and took all the land between Tyde and the Scottish sea with wrongs and strength. Although many manners of people have been in this land, the Welsh and Scots, who have not been mixed with other nations, keep their language and speech. However, the Scottes who were once confederates and dwelt with the Pictes draw some things after their speech. But the Flemings who dwell on the western side of Wales have left their strange speech and speak like Saxons. Englishmen, though they had three manners of speech from the beginning, have southerne, northern, and midland speech in the midst of the land as they come from three manners of people. Nevertheless, through mixing and mingling first with Danes and later with Normans in many things, the court language has appeared, for some use, with strange waving chiming harrying garting.This appearing of the language comes from two things: first, children who go to school learn to speak English first and are then compelled to constrain their lessons in French. Second, Genoese children are taught and brought up to speak French from their youth, and lords want to imitate them and are eager to do so, therefore it is said by a common proverb: \"Jack would be a gentleman if he could speak French.\"\n\nTruth was much used before great death. But since it has been somewhat changed: Sir John Cornwall, a master of grammar, changed the teaching of grammar schools and the construction of French into English. And other schoolmasters use the same method in the year of our Lord 1485, the ninth year of King Richard the Second, and leave off all French in schools and use all construction in English where they have advantage.That is why they learn you children sooner their grammar and in another disadvantage. For now they learn no French nor can any. Which is harmful for those who will pass the sea. And gentlemen have much left to teach their children to speak French. \u00b6R. It seems a great wonder that Englishmen have such great diversity in their own language, both in sound and in speaking of it, which is all in one island. And the language of Normandy has come from another land and has one manner of sound among all those who speak it in England. For a man from Kent, a southern, western, and northern man speak French all alike in sound and speech, but they cannot speak their English so well. \u00b6Treuysa. Nevertheless, there are as many diverse manners of French in the realm of France as diverse English in the realm of England. \u00b6R. Also of the aforementioned tongue, which has separated into three, there is great wonder, for men of the east agree better in the sounding of the speech than men of the north with men of the south.Therefore, it is you men of mercy from the middle of England, as it were, partners with the ends, who understand better the northern and southern languages than the northern and southern do each other. William de Pon. li.iii. All the languages of the northumbrians and especially those at York are so sharp and unshapely that we southern men may have difficulty understanding that language. I suppose the reason is that they are nearer to the aliens who speak strangely. And also because the kings of England dwell and reside more in the southern county than in the northern county. The reason why they dwell more in the southern county than in the northern county is because there is better corn land, more people, more noble cities, and more profitable harbors in the southern county than in the northern county.\n\nFor the manners and doings of Welshmen and Scots have been somewhat declared. Now I purpose to tell and declare the conditions of the mixed people of England. But the Flemings who have been in the west.The people of South Wales have all turned English due to their association with the English. These men are mighty and strong in battle and are the greatest enemies of the Welsh. They engage in merchandise and clothing and are always ready for adventures and to peril at sea because of great winnings. Sometimes they are farmers and other times they are soldiers, depending on the time and place. It seems that these men possess a great wonder, for when the flesh is boiled away from a lamb's right shoulder, they can tell what has been done, is being done, and will be done, as if by the spirit of prophecy and a remarkable craft. They reveal what is happening in distant lands, concerning peace or war, the state of the realm, the killing of men and adultery \u2013 such things they declare with certain tokens and signs that are in such a shoulder bone. \u00b6R. However, the English who dwell in England are mixed with the Welsh and are far removed from the places they originally came from.\"These women lightly turn to the contrary without the consent of any other men by their own assent. And Vinesy, also, are unwilling and enemies of business, full of sloth. William de Pon. says, \"When they have destroyed their enemies to the ground, then they fight with each other and kill one another, like an empty stomach working within itself. R. Neithles, men of the south are easier and more mild than men of the north. They are more unstable and more cruel and more unwilling. The middle men are partners with both. They use them to gluttony more than other men and are more costly in food and clothing. Men suppose that they took this vice of King Hercules from it being a Dane. For he set forth double meals at dinner and supper as well. These men are swift on horseback and on foot. Able and ready for all manner of deadly deeds of arms, and accustomed to have victory and mastery in every fight where no treason is walking, and curious and able to tell\"These men have seen and experienced wonders in various lands, where they have not been rich or more gracious in their own land but have been able to win and acquire new things in foreign lands rather than keep their own heritage. Therefore, they spread far and wide and believe that every land is their own. The men are able to all manner of cunning and wit, but before the deed they are blonder and hasty. And wiser after the deed than before. A people lightly disposed of what they have begun. (Solon, Lib. vi. Therefore Eugenius the pope said that Englishmen were able to do whatever they wanted and were set before all others, for light wit lets them down. And as Hannibal said that the Romans could not be overcome except in their own country, so: the English may not be overcome in foreign lands but in their own country they are easily overcome.) These men despise their own and praise other men's, and are neither pleased nor appeased with their own estate, whatever befalls and becomes other men's, they will gladly take to themselves.them self. Therfore it is that a yeman arayeth hym as a squyre: a squyre as a knight a knyght as a duke / a duke as a kynge / yet some go abote & wyll be lyke to all manere state & ben in no sta\u00a6te. For they take euery degre that be of no de\u2223gre for in derynge out ward they be myntrals and herowdes. In talknynge grete spekers In etynge & drynkynge glotons / In gaderyng of catell hucksters and tauerners. In araye tor\u2223mentours. In wnynynge argry. In trauayle tantaly. In takynge hede dedaly. In beddes Sardanapaly / In chyrches mawmetes. In courtes tho\u0304dre only in preuylege of clergy and in prebendes they knowlee poctes feyned of them. Argus was an harde and kept bestes he had an ho\u0304dred een. and Argus was also a shyp / a shyp man & a chapman / & so argus myght se before & behynde & on euery syde. Therfore he yt is wy\u00a6se & ware & can se that he be not deceyued may be called Argus. And so the Cronycle sayth in plurell nombre yt Englysshmen ben argy. that is to saye they se about where as wynnynge is That otherTantalus, the poet feigns, slew his own son, hence he is condemned to perpetual torment. He stands ever in water up to his neck and has ripe apples and noble fruit hanging down to the over lip. But the fruit and the water cannot come within his mouth. He is so held and stands between meat and drink and may neither eat nor drink. And is ever hungry and thirsty, this is the likeness of Tantalus. They that do nothing are called tantalus. The third word is sardanapalus. Among all Englishmen mixed together is so great a changing and diversity of clothing and of a race and so many manners and diverse shapes that scarcely is there any man known by his clothing and his array of what degree that he be. Of predicted holy Anker in.During King Alfred's time, Englishmen, who were the most wretched and of least worth, were overcome by the problems in this manner. The world would be so unstable and diverse that the instability of thoughts would be indicated by various types of clothing.\n\nNow, this book takes hold.\n\nWales after England.\nI take my tales\nAnd go into Wales\nTo that noble blood.\nOf Priamus lineage,\nI intend to win\nThe great Jupiter's kin.\nI keep in mind\nThe kindred of Dardanus.\nIn these four titles, I find\nMatters to tell of that land.\n\nI shall relate the reason for the man I will tell of,\nThen praise the land and extol it,\nThen I shall write with my pen.\nI shall find and tell\nThe manners of the men,\nAnd I shall tell marvels of the land.\n\nWales is now called Wales.\nAt one time, it was called Cambria.\nFor Cambria, the son of Brutus,\nWas prince there and ruled alone.\nThen Wales was called by that name.\n\nFor Guinevere, King Ebranus' child,\nWas mildly wedded there.Of that lord Gwalon,\ndraws from the son, and puts to the letter L I A,\nAnd thou shalt find Wales.\nAnd though this land\nBe much less than England,\nAs good glebe is one as another,\nIn the daughter in the mother,\nThough that land be thine,\nIt is full of corn and of fruit,\nAnd hath great plenty indeed,\nOf flesh and also of fish,\nOf beasts tame and wild,\nOf horses and sheep.\nGood land for all seeds,\nFor corn, grass, and herbs that spread,\nThere are woods and meadows,\nHerbs and flowers there spread,\nThere are rivers and wells,\nValleys and also hills,\nValleys bring forth flood,\nAnd hills metals good,\nCool grows under the land,\nAnd grass above at hand,\nThere is lime copious,\nAnd slates for houses,\nHoney and milk white,\nThere is delight and not slight,\nOf baked meat and ale.\nIs great plenty in that valley,\nAnd all that ends to the life,\nThat land brings forth rye,\nBut of great riches to be drawn,\nAnd closes many in short saw,\nIt is a corner small,\nAs though God first of all\nMade that land so small,\nTo be select of all hell.\nWales.A water called Twy delivers North Wales from the south. Twy deletes in places full of couches. The south heats Demicia and the other Venedocia. The first shoots and draws their arrows, the other deletes all with a spear. In Wales, there were three courts. One was at Carmarthyn, another in Mona, and the third in Powys. In Pegwern, which is now Shrewsbury, there were seven bishops and now there are four. They all lived at home under Saxons, sometimes under princes of that land. The manner of living in that land is well diverse from England. In food, drink, and clothing, and many other doings. They are clothed wonderfully in a shirt and a mantle, a crisp breath says they do, in wind and rain. In this clothing they go fight, play, and leap, stand, sit, lie, and sleep, without surcoat, without laces or chaplets that bind their lapels, without hooded hats or caps. Thus arrayed, the segges go and always with base.They keep none other going. Though they meet with the king,\nwith arrows and short spears,\nThey fight with those who challenge them.\nThey fight better if they need to.\nWhen they go, rather than stay,\nIn place of castles and courtyards,\nThey take wood and marsh for support.\nWhen in battle, they would rather go,\nGyldas says they are unstable in peace and not steady.\nIf men take them from the land,\nTo take others would find,\nBut all in vain at this stand,\nFor many woods lie at ground,\nAnd put the sea among them.\nThe men may endure long without meat,\nAnd love well to consume it,\nThey eat and remain unmoved,\nWithout great care.\nThey eat cold and hot bread,\nOf barley or wheat,\nAnd round and thin loaves,\nAs great a kinship seems,\nSeldom they eat bread of wheat,\nAnd seldom do they eat one meal,\nThey have porridge to eat,\nAnd leeks kindly to come as a dish,\nAlso butter, milk, and cheese,\nShaped like land and corner wise,\nSuch meals they eat quickly,\nAnd that makes them drink well.\nThere they spend day and night.The wine is redder. They find it finer when they drink at ale. They tell many lewd tales When drink is in handling. They are full of jangling At meetings and afterwards. Their solace is salt and leeks The husband, in his wisdom, tells That a great price To give a gadron with growler To those who sit on his meal. He deals his meat at the meal And gives every man his share And keeps the overflow for himself. Therefore they have woo and misfortunes. They always eat hot samon, Though physics say no. Their houses are low with all And made of small yards Not as in cities nearby But when all their eating is at home. Then to their neighbors they will run And eat what they may find and see And then return home again The life is idle that they lead In burning sleeping and such deeds. Wallmen use with her might To wash their guests' feet a night If he washes her feet all and some. Then they know that they are welcome They live so easily in a route That fields they bear pursuants about.At her birth and home they come,\nHang their money and combine.\nIt is wonderful they are so kind,\nAnd hate to crack at either end,\nAnd without any core,\nMake their wardrobe at the door.\nThey have in great plenty,\nHarps, tabors, and pipes for minstrelsy,\nThey bear corpses with great sorrow,\nAnd blow loud horns of grief,\nThey praise fast the Trojan blood,\nFor there come all her brothers. \u2234\nNigh kin they will be,\nThough they pass a hundred degrees\nAbove other men they will honor him,\nAnd worship priest with her might,\nAs angels of heaven right,\nThey worship servants of God almighty.\nOftentimes this brood,\nAnd yearned for battle all for wood,\nFor Merlin's prophecy,\nAnd often for sorcery,\nBest in manners of Britons,\nFor the company of Saxons,\nHave been turned to better,\nThat is known as clear as light,\nThey till gardens, fields and downs,\nAnd draw him to good towns,\nThey ride armed as God wills,\nAnd go shod and shod,\nAnd sit fair at her meal,\nAnd sleep in fair and in felicity.\nSo they seem now in mind,\nMore Englishmen than.walsshe's kind.\nWhy do men now do more than they wanted,\nThey live in more peace,\nBecause of their riches.\nTheir cattle would perish if they often worked,\nFear of losing their good,\nMakes them now remain idle.\nHave nothing and fear nothing,\nThe poet says a proverb of preference,\nThe foot soldier sings before the thief,\nAnd is bolder on the way,\nThan the rich and gay horseman.\nThere is a pole at Brechnok,\nTherein is much fish,\nOftentimes he changes his hue on the cop,\nAnd bears above a garden crop,\nOftentimes it is time how it be,\nShape of house there shall thine be,\nWhen the pole is frozen it is wonderful,\nOf the noise that is there under,\nIf the prince of the land is hot,\nBirds sing well merry not,\nAs merely as they can,\nBesides Caerleon,\nTwo miles from the town,\nIs a rock well bright of limestone,\nRight against the sunbeam.\nGoldcliff that rock is called,\nFor it shines as God full bright,\nSuch a flower in stone is nothing,\nWithout fruit if it were sought,\nIf men could.The ways of the past and come thither\nMany benefits of kind are hidden\nAnd are unknown yet\nFor lack of man's wit\nGreat treasure is hidden in the ground\nAnd after this it shall be found\nBy great study and labor\nOf those who come after us\nOld men had by great need\nWe have diligently discovered Traitsa.\nIn books you may read\nThat nature fails not at need\nWhen no craft was in mind.\nThen of craft, help God and nature\nWhen no teacher was in the land\nMen of craft, by God's hand\nThey who had such craft then.\nTaught forth craft to other men\nSome craft that have not yet come to pass\nSome man shall have by God's grace\nR. An island is with noise and strife\nIn west Wales at Cardiff\nFirmly by Saunders shore.\nBarry named that island\nIn that place on the side in an oak\nYou shall here wonder dwell\nAnd diverse noises also\nIf you put your ear to\nNoises of lews and wind\nNoises of metals you shall find\nFrothing of iron & slag you shall hear\nHeating of ovens then with fire\nAll this may be.By the waves of the sea,\nThat breaketh there with such noise and fare.\nAt Pendrock in a stead,\nFeuds often quelled,\nAnd throws foul thing in,\nAnd despised also sin.\nNeither craft nor prayers can\nAlleviate the sorrow when it grieves so.\nTo the men it seems woeful,\nAt Crucynar in west Wales.\nIs a wonder, burial mounds,\nEvery man who comes to see it\nSeems to him as much as he,\nHollow weapons there a night\nShall be broken ere daylight\nAt Nemyn in north Wales,\nA little isle there is,\nThat is called Bar,\nMonks dwell there always,\nMen live so long in that wood\nThat the oldest dies first,\nThey say that Merlin there is buried,\nHe also was called Silvestris,\nThere were Merlins two,\nAnd prophesied together,\nOne was named Ambrose and Merlin,\nAnd was taken by Gobelyn,\nIn Demicia at Carmarthan,\nUnder King Vortigern,\nHe told his prophecy,\nEven in sonnudonye.\nAt the head of the water of Conway,\nOn the side of the mount Eryri,\nDynas embreys in Welsh.\nAmbrose's hill in English,\nKing Vortigern sat on,\nThe water's edge and was full.Then Ambrose Merlyn prophesied. Before rightly it was Tresa. What would wit witness,\nThat a fiend might get a child,\nSome men meant\nThat he may not such work wield,\nThat fiend that goes a night,\nWomen full often to beguile,\nIncubus is named truly,\nAnd beguiles men otherwhile,\nSuccubus is that wight,\nGod grant us none such vile,\nWho that comes in her guile,\nWonders shall he smile,\nWith under deed \u00b6,\nBoth men and women said,\nFiends will keep,\nWith craft and bring an heir.\nSo fiends wild,\nMay make women bear a child,\nYet never in mind,\nWas a child of fiends kind,\nFor without an eye,\nThere might no such child die.\nThe clergy makes it known,\nDeath slew no fiends kind,\nBut death slew Merlyn,\nMerlyn was therefore no goblin,\nAnd another Merlyn from Albyn land,\nThat now is named Scotland,\nAnd he had names two,\nSilvestris and Calidonius also,\nOf that wood Calidonia,\nFor there he told his prophecy,\nAnd he called Silvestris as well,\nFor when he was in battle,\nAnd saw above a ghastly kind,\nAnd filled anon out of his mind,\nAnd made.But ran anyone to the wood,\nTo Truysa. Silvester dwells in wood,\nOther wild ones, elsewhere,\nThat at the wood he dwells,\nR. Silvestris Merlyn.\nTold prophecy well and fine,\nProphesied well, sure under King Arthur,\nOpenly and not so close as Merlin Ambrose,\nThere are hills in Snowdonye,\nThat are wonderfully high,\nWith heights as great a way,\nAs a man may go a day,\nAnd they are hot in Welsh,\nSnowy hills in English.\nIn those high hills there is,\nLease Inough for all beasts of Wales,\nThese hills on top bear,\nTwo great fish wears,\nContained in that one pond.\nMeueth with the wind an iland,\nAs though it did swim,\nAnd near to the brimme,\nSo that herds have great wonder,\nAnd believe that the world meueth under,\nIn that other is perch and fish,\nEvery one eyed is,\nSo fareth all well,\nIn Albania the mylwell,\nIn Rutland by Tetyn well,\nThere is a little well,\nThat flows not always,\nAs the sea twices a day,\nBut sometimes it is dry,\nAnd sometimes full by the eye,\nThere is in North Wales,\nIn Mon that heats.A man once found a stone, born from any man. At night, it went home its way, which he discovered through trial and error. Hugh of Shrewsbury, during the time of the first Henry, sought to find this stone for himself. He bound it with great chains of iron and threw all iron into deep water. Yet the stone was amorous and was seen early in the month. An friar held it to his side. His thigh was rotten that day, and the stone went away. If men commit lechery, near that stone, a sweet scent comes. But no child comes there. There is a rock there, wonderfully. The rock of hearing in the country, though any man is born and blows with a horn, no noise will reach you on this side. There is another island fast by, where hermits dwell. If any of them fight, all the strife that can be gotten comes and eats all their food. Then the quarrel never ceases until the...wryfe ceases also in this land, as men in this country are,\nAngry as in Ireland, say the saints of this country,\nWretched always, in this land, in Ireland, and in Scotland.\nThere are believers and statues,\nWhich men have in worship,\nAnd were worshiped then,\nBy clerks and lewd men.\nFear also falls on one of those,\nEither beautiful or ugly,\nAs it swears the gospel,\nAt Basing work is a well.\nIt spurts out so violently that men can see,\nWhat is cast into it always flows,\nTherefrom spurts out a great stream,\nIt would be enough for all that land.\nSeek at that place,\nHave both healing and grace,\nIn the wells often more than once,\nWere found red speckled stones.\nIn token of the blood red,\nThat the maiden suffered,\nShe shed at that pit,\nHe who did that deed,\nHas sorrow on his seat,\nHis children at all times,\nBow as whelps and hounds,\nFor their prayer that maiden's grace.\nRight at that well's edge,\nEither in Shrewsbury street,\nThere that maiden rested sweetly,\nIt is a common saying that the country which\n(It is unclear what follows the last sentence)Scotland, now named, is an extending of the north side of Britain and is separated in the south by the sea's arms. On the other side, it is bordered by the sea. This land was once named Albania, and it was named after Albanactus, the son of Brute, who first dwelt there, or from the province Albania, which is the country of Scythia and near Amazons. Therefore, Scotland is called Scotia, as it was called Scythians because they came from Scythia. Afterwards, it was called Pictavia, as the Picts ruled there for a thousand and sixty years. Lastly, it was called Hibernia, as Ireland was called Germanus in the topography. For many reasons; one is because of the intermarriage between them and the Irish, which is evident in their belief, clothing, language, and speech, in their ways and manners. Another reason is that the Irish lived there at some time. Beda, Book I, Chapter I: Out of Ireland, which is the proper country of the Scots, came Irishmen with their duke.And he was called Rendar. With love and strength, they made him chief sees and Cities beside the Pyctes in the North side. (Gir. Now the land is briefly called Scotlonde of Scots who came out of Irlonde and ruled there for 315 years, until red wiliams time, who was Malcolyn brother. (R. Many euydences we have of this Scotlonde that it is often called and bright Hibernia, as Irlonde is called. (Beda .li.ii. ca. xi. says that Lawrence Archbishop of Dunbar was Archbishop of Scots who dwelt in an island called Hibernia, which is next to Britain. (Beda .li.iii. ca. xxvii. says that the Pestilence of moreyn bore down Hibernia. Also .li.iii. ca. ii. says that the Scots who dwelt in the south side of Hibernia. Also .li.iiii. ca. iii. he says that Cladde was a youngling and learned the rule of monkes in Hibernia. Also .li.iiii. ca. xxii. Egfridus king of Northeumberlonde destroyed Hibernia: Also .li.iiii. ca. xv. the most part of Scots in Hibernia and in the same chapter are called)Hibernia, properly named the western isle, is a hundred miles from every English shore and separated by the sea, called Hibernia, the country now known as Scotland. There, Adamua, the Abbot of this isle, sailed to Ireland to test the Irishmen on the lawful Easter day. The Scots and Picts are named after this Scotland in their own language. For some time, their bodies were painted in this manner: they would sometimes mark their bodies with a sharp-edged tool and carve various figures and shapes into them, then paint them with ink or other paint. Because they were so painted, they were called Picti, meaning painted. The Scots were light-hearted and windy, but they were greatly improved by the English. They were cruel towards their enemies and hated bondage most of all. They considered it a foul sloth if a man died in his bed and held great worship if he died in battle.They dwell in the field. They are little of meat and eat seldom when the sun is up, and eat fish milk and fruit more than bread. Though they are fair of shape, they are defiled and made unseemly enough with their own cloth. They praise fasting and the uses of their own for fathers, and despise other men's doings. In Scotland, the princes, like the king of Spain, are not accustomed to be anointed or crowned. In Scotland, there is great reverence for St. Andrew the apostle: For St. Andrew, we had the northern parties of the world, Scythians and Picts, assigned to him for preaching and converting the people to Christ's belief. And at last, he was martyred in Achaea, in Greece, in a city named Patras. His bones were kept there for 562 years until they were translated to Constantinople and kept there for 10 years until Theodosius' time, and then to Hungary.King of Pictes in Scotland destroyed a great part in Britain and was besieged with a great host of Britons in a field called Mark. There he heard St. Andrew speak to him in this manner. \"Unknown uncle, I am Christ's apostle. I promise you help and succor when you have overcome your enemies with my help; you shall give the third part of your heritage in alms to God Almighty, in the worship of St. Andrew, and the sign of the cross was before his host, and on the third day he had victory and so returned home again and dealt with his heritage as he had been commanded. And because he was uncertain which city he should choose for St. Andrew, he fasted for three days, he and his men, praying St. Andrew to show him which place he should choose. One of the wardens who kept the body of St. Andrew in Constantinople was warned in his sleep to go to a place where an angel would lead him, and so he came to Scotland with seven men from Irelan-d.Old time, this land entered into the lordship of Britain, as Gerard in his population decrees in full. Yet it is worthy and seemly to pray that the land, with large praising, come to it, following the open way. Therefore, I shall tell of the place and stead of the land: Irlande is the last of all the western isles and high Hybernia, named after the river Hydaspes in Spain, which was the brother of Hermionus. Alternatively, it is called Hybernia of that river Hydaspes, which is the western end of Spain. And that land is also called Scotland, for Scots dwelt there sometime before they came into that other Scotland that belonged to Britain. Therefore, it is written in the Martyrology, \"Such a day in Scotland, St. Bride was born,\" and that was in Irlande. This land has, in its southeastern side, three days sailing from Spain thence aside half; and in its eastern side, more Britain than that thence a day's sailing; in the west, the endless Ocean; and in the north.Side. Yselonde threathes three days sailing thence. Solinus. But the sea that is between Irlonde and Ireland is all the year full of great waves and winds that men may scarcely sail\nIreland is the greatest island after Britain / and stretches northward from Brendas hills to the land Columbyna and contains .viii. days journey every journey .xi. miles and from Develyn to Patricks hills and to the sea in that quarter in breadth .iiii. leagues\nAnd is called Iris also, as it were the rainbow, if that stone be held against the sun\nWhere corn grows there are very small, unless encouraged by man's hand / reserved men / all beasts are smaller there than in other lands. There lack fresh water and fish, except those generated in the sea there lack uncivilized falcons, grebes, nightingales, and pies. There lack also roe and buck, and Ilesypyles, and other venomous beasts. Therefore some men feign and say that Saint Patrick cleansed that land of worms and ofVenomous beasts are less probable and less likely that this land was, from the beginning, always without such worries. For venomous beasts and worms dwelled there naturally if men brought them there from other lands. And also poison and poisonous powder brought there from other lands lessened their malice as soon as it passed the middle of the sea. Powder and earth of that land, cast and sown in other lands, drove away worms. Therefore, if a turf of that land is put about a worm, it slew him or made him thrill with fear, causing him to escape a way. In that land, cocks crow little before day. The first crowing of cocks in that land and the third in other lands are like far apart to determine the day.\nGisrad says that Casera Noah's niece feared the flood and fled with three men and fifty women to that island and dwelled there first, the last year before Noah's flood. But afterward, Bartholomew the son of Japheth, Noah's son, came there with his three sons.by Happy or Craft, three years after the Noah's flood, lived there and increased to a population of 9,500 men. After ward, due to the stench of carcasses of wild animals they had killed, they also saved one Ruanus who lived 1,500 years earlier. They informed the holy man Saint Patrick about the aforementioned woman and all the doings and deeds. The third time, Nymeth came from Scicia with his four sons and lived there for 160 years. Lastly, due to various misfortunes of wars and famines, they were completely destroyed and the land was left desolate for 50 years after their fourth stay. Five dukes, brothers Gandius, Genandus, Sagandus, Ruthe, successors of Nymethes, came from Greece and occupied that land, dividing it into five parts. Each party contained 22 cantreds. A cantred is a territory that contains about 100 towns. They set a stone in the middle of the land as if in its navel and began five king domains. At that time.The last Salius was made king of all the land. The fifth time this nation was together they grew weak. Four noble men, sons of Mil\u00e9sius the king, came from Spain with many others in a navy of 40 ships and two of the worthiest of these four brothers, named Hyberus and Hermon, divided the land between them. But after a truce was broken between them, Hyberus was killed. Then Hermon became king of all that land. From his time to the first Patricius' time, there were 325 kings of that nation. They were called Hibernenses and Hibernians, either from the aforementioned Hiberus or from Hyberus, a river in Spain. They were also called Gaels and Scots, of one Gaelicus, who was Phennis Newe.\n\nThis Gaelicus could speak many languages, after the languages that were made at Nemeth's tower. He married a Scottish Pharoah's daughter. Of these dukes, the Hibernenses say that this Gaelicus:Made the Irish language and called it Gaelic, a language supposedly formed from all languages and tongues. In the last days, Belinus, king of Britain, had a son named Gurguncius, who came from Denmark in the Orkney Islands. He encountered men called the Balclenses, who had come from Spain. These men begged and requested a place to dwell. And the king sent them to Ireland, which was then vacant and waste. He ordered and sent with them dukes and captains of his own, and it seems that Ireland should long belong to Britain by right of old time. From the first Saint Patrick until Fedlimidius, the kings' time was 1,000 years, with various kings in between in Ireland. In Fedlimidius' time, Turgesius, duke and captain of Norway, brought men there and occupied the land. He built deep ditches and castles, single, double, and triple, and many strongly walled wards, and many of them still stand whole. However, the Irish do not call them castles; they refer to woods as castles.and Marius and Moores built castles in Wales, but at last Turgesius died by cunning schemes of women and Englishmen. Gundemar is said to have conquered Ireland and built those castles, but he made no mention of Turgesius, and the Irish speak of Turgesius and not of Gundemar. Therefore, it is written that Gundemar had conquered Britain and dwelled there, and sent Turgesius with great strength into Ireland to conquer that land. Since Turgesius was captain and leader of that expedition, and Iernaeus was among them, therefore the Irish speak much of him as a noble man who was seen in that land and was known at last when Gundemar was slain in France. Turgesius loved the king's daughter of Ireland and her father granted Turgesius that she would send him to the low country with fifteen maidens. Turgesius promised to meet there with fifteen of the noblest men he had, and held a covenant and brought no jesters but fifteen young boys came disguised as women with short swords under their clothes.And filled Turgesius and slew him right there. Thus, he was traitorously slain after he had reigned for thirty years. Not long after, three brothers, Almelanus of Sicily and Iuorus, came to Ireland with their men from Norway, as it had been for love of peace and merchandise. They dwelt by these sides with the consent of Irish men who were always idle, like Polish knights. The Norwegians built three cities, Deventer, Limerick, and increased. After this, from the time of Turgesius to that of Roderick, king of Connacht, who was king of all the land, there were seventeen kings in Ireland. And so, the kindred that ruled in Ireland from the Hermon's time to the last time of Roderick numbered in all 121 kings who were not crowned nor anointed nor by law of inheritance but by nightly mastery and strength of arms. The second Henry, king of England, made Roderick a subject in the year of King Henry's age forty and of his reign eighteen. The year of our [unclear]Lord of the XI hundred and LXXII:\nSir Glynns says that men of this land are strange in nature, homeless and great fighters, and account right and wrong all one thing, and clad in single clothing, scarce clothed, cruel of heart, angry or speechless, and drink the first blood of slain men and then wipe their faces with it, and pay them with flesh and fruit instead of meat and with milk instead of drink in the end. Instead of bites with trenches of bridles of reeds, they use bridles that let not their horses eat their meat, they fight unarmed, naked in body, but with two darts and spears, and broad spars.\nThey use long beards and locks hanging down behind their heads.\nThere are many men in that land foul-shaped in limbs and body. For in their limbs they lack the benefit of kind, so that nowhere are there better shaped than those who are well shaped there, and none worse shaped than those who are ill shaped. And skillfully nature is hurt and defiled by wickedness.In the north side of Ireland is a land where no man may die but when they are old and afflicted with great sicknesses. They are carried into the next land and die there. There is another land in Ireland where no woman there can bear a child, but she may conceive. Also, in a land in Ultonia, which is Vlstre, there is an island in a lake strangely separated into two parts. In one part, there is great disturbance and discomfort from friends, and in the other part, great joy and comfort from holy angels. There is also St. Patrick's purgatory, which was shown to him in answer to his prayer to confirm his preaching and learning when he preached to misbelieved men of sorrow and pain. He tells that whoever endures the pains of purgatory, if it is enjoyed as penance, will never suffer the pains of hell, but will finally die.Within the repentance of sin, as the example sets more fully at this chapter's end. Truly, no man may be saved unless he is truly repentant and endures some penalty. In an island in the sea of Conaccia, consecrated by St. Brandan, there are no dead bodies buried there but are kept out of the earth and rot. In Moneria, there is a well. Whoever washes himself in its water will become hale. There is another well in Ultonia. Whoever washes in it will never become hore afterward. There is a well in Monstra or Moneria. If any man touches that well, great rain will fall immediately in all the province, and that rain will never cease until a priest who is a chaste maiden sings a mass in a chapel that is fast by and blesses the water, and with milk of one of his cows, anoints the well. And so reconcile the well in this strange manner. At Glyndal.About St. Keynes' oratory, witches bear apples as if they were apple trees, and are more wholesome than sauery. This holy saint brought forth these apples through prayers to heal his shield that was sick. In Ulster, there is a lake and much fish in it, which is thirty miles long and in breadth. The River Ban runs out of that lake into the northern ocean, and I say that this lake began in this manner. There were men in that country who were evil-living counts and earls. And in that land there was a well in great reverence in olden times. And all around, it was covered. If it were left uncovered, the well would rise and drown the entire land. And so it happened that a woman went to that well to fetch water and held her child fast in the cradle, who wept, and left the well uncovered. Then the well sprang up so fast that it drowned the woman and her child and made the entire country a lake and a fish pond. To prove that this is so, there is great argument that:When the weather is clear, fishermen of that water see round tours and high-shaped forms under the water, resembling stees and churches of that land. In the north side of Ireland, in the country of Ossory, every seven years, at the prayer of a holy Abbot, two who are married, a man and a woman, must be exiled and shaped like wolves and live out seven years. At the end of seven years, if they survive, they return home again and take back their own shape. Then, other two go forth in their place and are shaped for seven years. There is a lake in this land. If a pool of tree trunks and sticks are placed and stuck in that part of the earth, the part of the trunk or pool shall turn into iron, and that part is called Oweynagat, during Lord Luedesis' life, who was of the Chrysostom order, and told many wonders he had seen in Purgatory. That place is called Purgatory, and the church is named Regulus Nona, and it is enjoined for people to go to it.purgatory. But the soul was urged not to enter therein, but to take upon himself other penance. And if a man had confessed and repented and was determined to go there, he was first to go to the bishop, then to be seated with letters to the priest of the place, and both were to urge him to leave. If he was resolute and wished to enter, the door would be opened, and he would be blessed and named in God's name and led forward, and the door would remain shut until the next day. Whenever the time came, the priest would come and open the door. If the man had arrived, he was led into the church with procession, and there he was to remain for fifteen days in prayer and fasting.\nGeraldus remarks that souls of this nation are more angry and hasty than others in taking vengeance.The clerks of this land are more wretched than those of other lands. They are chaste, say many prayers, and do great abstinence daily. They drink all night, and lechery does not reign there as wine does. They are chosen out of monasteries into the clergy, and they should behave as monks should, no matter how evil they may be. Among them, though there are few who are good, the prelates are slow in correcting transgressions and eager in contemplation, not in preaching God's word. Therefore, all the saints of this land are confessors and no martyrs are among them. No wonder, for the clerics and prelates should act as they do towards the unknowing. Therefore, it was put before the bishop of Cashel how it might be that so many saints were in Ireland and yet no martyr among them all since then, and I have been so revealed and so angry, and the prelates so rich.The bishop said this because King Henry II was about to come into Ireland and Wales Frenchly after the martyrdom of St. Thomas Becket in Gir. In this land in Wales and Scotland, there were beautiful and statues with crooked heads and other such things for relics in great reverence and worship. So I, of this land, feared more to swear upon one of those relics and golden statues than upon the gospel. The chief of all such relics is held to be Ihus staff, which is at the Devil. With this staff, they say that the first saint Patrick drove the worms out of Ireland, Augustine. de. ci-dei. ca. vii. If I am asked how it may be that various kinds of beasts come and be in yonder islands after Noah's flood, I suppose that such beasts swam into the islands first and then forwards into others. Or else, sailing into the islands brought such beasts with them for the sake of hunting or angels that God almighty had created.\"commanded brought such beasts into your lands about or the earth, brought the for the first time and fulfilled the god's commandment: you earth bring forth grass and quick beasts. Here ends the description of Britain, which contained England, Wales, and Scotland. And because Ireland is under the rule of England, and it has so continued from olden times. Therefore I have set forth the description of the same after the said Britain. Which I have taken out of Polybios. And also printed by one someone.\nPrinted in London in Poultry churchyard at the west door of Poultry.\"", "creation_year": 1515, "creation_year_earliest": 1515, "creation_year_latest": 1515, "source_dataset": "EEBO", "source_dataset_detailed": "EEBO_Phase1"},
{"content": "\"Father and a man shall have as great remission and forgiveness of sins, as if they had visited the said chapel of our blessed lady. Also, it is granted to all Christian people, who visit our Lady chapel in the said parish church of Boston on any Friday in the year, the full liberties and power of Scala celi in Rome. Also, our said holy Father has given liberty and power forever to the Alderman of the said Guild, during the feasts, to appoint and ordain as many religious and secular priests as they think necessary and convenient, to sit in the stalls with all manner of vows and oaths. Also, the said priest or any other whom the brother or sister may choose, may release all manner of oaths or juraments without harm or prejudice to any other man's right, and to change all manner of vows into other good and virtuous deeds of mercy, except\"To Rome, St. James in Compostella, Raguyon, and Chastity. The note on Irregularity.\n\nThe said ghostly Father may dispense with all manner of notes of Irregularity, whether it occurs by the holy law Canon or otherwise by sentence of man, except only in causes that pertain only to the holy see Apostolic, except only for wilful murder and bigamy, and that only in the Court of conscience. For forgetting of divine service.\n\nAlso for forgetting of divine service as canonical hours or penance enjoined, whether it be due to debility of body or negligence and obstinacy or for default of books, the said ghostly Father may absolve all Religious and secular persons, both men and women.\n\nTo receive all the sacraments in designated places.\n\nAnd the said brethren of the said confraternity or Guild may, at any time of interdiction done by the ordinary minister, receive the [sacraments].All individuals are to be buried in Christian burial, in places not forbidden for that purpose and not causing such interdictions. All brothers and sisters, regardless of death, shall be buried in Christian burial without denial or delay. During Lent and other fasting days when white meats are forbidden by law or custom, all brothers and sisters may eat eggs, butter, cheese, milk, and other white meats, with the advice and consent of their spiritual fathers and physicians. Every Christian man or woman, regardless of dignity or degree, who assists the chamberlains or their deputies, is also entitled to this privilege.of the said Fraternity in such things as is rehearsed, and induces Christian people to put their helping hands to the maintenance of the said Guild and to become brethren of the same, as often times as he or they shall do so, has five hundred years of Indulgence and pardon.\nAlso, our holy father the pope to all his beloved brethren in Christ, archbishops, bishops, and their officers, with all other curates and ministers of God's church, gives in commandment to be helpful and supportive assistants to the Chamberlains and their substitutes for the yearly duties and gatherings of the aforesaid precept.\nAlso, all those of whatever state or condition they be of, who unlawfully retain or withhold any parcel of lands, tenements, goods, or other property of the said Guild.For all those who retain or withhold anything from the said Guild, / legacies / or other things given and belonging to the said Guild, Our holy father curses them (not willing them to be associated) until they have made recompense and satisfaction to the said Guild for all such hurts and damages.\n\nAlso, our said holy Father has granted that all these persons,\n\nAlso, our holy Father wills that no man be so bold to contradict or gainsay this his confirmation, absolution, extension, amplification, Statute, ordinance, and decree, or by any wilful or foolish boldness to break or contravene this his precept or commandment, on pain of the indignation of almighty God and his apostles, Peter and Paul.\n\nFor all those,\n\nAlso, our said holy Father makes all brethren and sisters partakers of all the suffrages, masses, prayers, and other divine service and of all the benefits which shall ensue from this our confirmation, absolution, extension, amplification, Statute, ordinance, and decree.all good works of pity and mercy, done in the said Guild, are for all the brothers and sisters, and shall be done as long as the world stands, and God's blessing and all holy Churches. That all the brothers and sisters shall be partakers of all:\n\nVisa et.", "creation_year": 1515, "creation_year_earliest": 1515, "creation_year_latest": 1515, "source_dataset": "EEBO", "source_dataset_detailed": "EEBO_Phase1"},
{"content": "O mighty Father in heaven, one God and three persons,\nWho made both day and night,\nAnd as it was your will,\nYour own Son you sent to us in a maiden,\nSince the wild Jews hanged him who was so mild,\nAnd to death he was led,\nWhen he was dead, the truth to speak,\nHe rose on the third day through his own might,\nThen to hell he went alone,\nAnd took out many souls,\nFrom that hold he freed,\nMaugre the bold demons,\nHe took the prisoners out of the hold,\nWith them to heaven he went,\nOn his Father's right hand he set him,\nThat all should know without fail,\nThat he was omnipotent,\nAnd after wisdom he was sent,\nThat all should keep his commandments,\nAnd believe in him truly,\nHe is our savior,\nBorn of that blessed flower,\nMary I say,\nWho will judge us without error,\nSome to pain and some to bliss,\nAt the dreadful day's dominion.\nThose who believe in him truly,\nTo bliss they give with angels bright,\nGive them joy this pledge will show.And hear of right\nSome men love to tell\nOf valiant knights that were fell\nAnd some of bright ladies\nAnd some miracles that are told\nAnd some of daring old knights\nWho for our Lord did fight\nAs Charles did that noble king\nWho brought down heathens\nThrough the help of almighty God\nHe won from the heathen hounds\nThe spear and nails of Christ's wounds\nAnd also the crown of thorn\nAnd many a rich relic more\nMaugre of them he won also\nAnd killed them even and morn\nThe Turks and the pagans bold\nHe felled down many a fold\nDared none stand before him\nCharles began them so in awe\nThat the captives might curse the day\nAnd the time that they were born\n\nNow Machamyte, that untrue Turk\nTo our Lord Christ Ihesu\nAnd to his law also\nHas slain many Christian men\nAnd took Constantinople\nWith many towns more\nHe burned and slew, leaving none alive\nNeither man, child, nor wife\nTo death he made them goYoung Innocents you never deceived,\nThat false Turk had spied,\nHe played the role of Pharaoh,\nThroughout the streets of Constantinople,\nRedder ran blood than wine,\nSuch a marvel to see,\nNo man could set his foot down,\nI give you knowledge without delay,\nBut on a true body,\nThe Christian men avenged,\nThe churches and our images they broke,\nMade of stone and tree,\nThe crucifixion of our Savior,\nThey cast it down with dishonor,\nAnd also our lady,\nThey slew our priests at the mass,\nGod's men had no grace,\nThey killed them down in every place,\nBoth priests and clerks they put to death,\nWithin God's holy place,\nThe Turks fierce with shield and spear,\nOur priests before the high altar,\nThey ran through in a rage,\nMany died for Christ's love,\nAngels bared their souls above,\nTo bliss and much consolation,\nThus the Turk, the wicked one,\nPut Christian people to death,\nLeaving few alive,\nThe heathens cried with great dissent,\nOn Mahound and Mahomet,\nThe Turk's men rejoiced.There was one who dared to cry on Jesus, but they were taken and slain on the spot. Anyone who believed [in the Turk] made a cry for him. The Turk himself cried out, \"No man should be a prisoner taken.\" God let them never succeed. Then the dogs you believed in Mahound, The Christian people killed to the ground. No gold could be their reward. The Christians saw that they should die, And on their masters they quickly laid hands and fought well. Every prisoner then was alive, Killed four or five Turks. Their souls went to hell, Or our prisoners were taken afterwards. Many a Turk they made black. There was no helmet or hauberk, Plate or mail nor good auction. Their dints could not withstand. Macamyte saw his men so die, And loudly on Mahound he cried out, \"In heart he was not pleased.\" Our Christians needed no weapons to ask for. The streets lay full, who would have, To fight with men of might. Immediately within a little throw, Five M. Turks in a row, In the streets lay slain. When Mychamyte spied this, Out on Mahound he cried, And as a fiend did yell.Our Christian soldiers stood in great doubt\nAs valiant men laid fast about\nUpon the hounds of hell\nOur Christian men were then few\nFor the Turks came ever new\nIn truth as I tell\nOur men hewed on hastily\nAnd made Turks loud to cry\nThe false ones they fell\nThus counted with Saracens keen\nUntil eighty thousand were laid by the den\nIn a little thought\nMychamyte was never so we\nTo see so few so many slain\nHis sorrow was not short\nHe cried Mahound as he would burst\nOur Christians on Jesus cried fast\nThat all the world worked\nSome escaped away with God's grace\nOn live maugre the Turks' face\nBut many then began to die\nAt the destruction of Cyus\nWere not so many slain then, indeed,\nAs were both parties\nAlas, save Christian will of heaven\nOur Christians were made uneven\nWith a false company\nFor of the Turks and Saracens keen\nAn. C. were without wene\nAgainst one of our men.\n\nThe emperor of Constantinople\nA doughty man at a time.The Turk took the heathen prisoner and gave him many gruesome wounds. I pray God give him pain. He bound him until the blood burst from his body and ordered him to renounce Jesus in haste or else you shall have shame. Do it at once and defy him, and also his mother Mary, whom you call his mother. Valerian answered and said, \"You shall never see that day when I forsake him. Turn the Turk and all your men or else in hell you shall burn among the black demons. Believe in Jesus full of might and in the maiden who bears the light for the sake of Christian men. Then the Turk became very angry. He commanded his men to seize him at once and make him naked. They beat him with sharp scourges and after plucked out his eyes with hot pincers. They tore out his heart and both his eyes. They cut off his head. With pincers they broke his teeth. They ordered him to renounce his god or else he would never eat bread. They saw in no way that it would be. Immediately they made a saw of tree and sawed him to pieces.The Turks, with much pain,\nSlayed these valiant men for Christ's sake,\nAnd so they did, with many more.\nThe Turks might curse the time that day,\nThat they came to face Christ's people.\nThere were many parts of Christ's people martyred.\nNo Turk paid for his part.\nBy the last end of the fight,\nThey had hell to face.\nChrist's people went to heaven bright,\nTo buy bliss for eternity.\nThus is Constantinople, the noble city, won.\nBattered down with many a gun.\nAnd Christ's people slain.\nThere, the Turk and his men\nKept still that noble city.\nDared no man speak against him.\nForty miles around,\nDared no man come near him.\nNeither on hill nor plain.\nThe Turk kept the field many days.\nChrist's people in the countryside\nLived in fear of him, Isayne.\nWhere they might find any Christian,\nI tell you now without a doubt,\nThey left their lives to wed.\nAll suffered death for Christ's sake,\nSo that this Turk might overcome.\nBut thus they fled from him.\nThere, a holy friar heard,\nThe works of the demons fear,\nAnd sped to Rome.Iohan Capistranus, the friar, was a godly man. He went to the pope and knelt before him. He said, \"Father, for Christ's sake in heaven, who made this world and the seven days, listen to me. There is a Turk I understand, who burns and destroys God's land. It is a great sorrow to see. His purpose is to win all Hungary. Therefore, Father, put your holy hand and help to wage God's land. He burns churches in every place. Christian men go to death at a pace to see this. It is a great pity. Now, Father, help with your support, for Mary's sweet flower is our hope. With two hundred men on this same day, he took the way to Grecuswyssyngburgh. This is no mockery. Many thousands there will die if he wins that royal city. All are lost if hungry is won.\" I am the messenger of Jesus. Truly, Lord, it will be thus, as I have said before. Therefore, help with all your might, for God's love, to fight.That was born of Mary,\nThe pope said at once,\nGood brother friar John,\nAs I understand,\nThou preachest God's words wide\nIn the country on every side\nIn many a diverse land,\nThou knowest many a noble man,\nTake a captain where thou can,\nWherever he be free or bond,\nAnd as I am God's true by-car,\nThis false Turk his reign shall rue,\nAnd therewith my holy hand,\nNow, father, I thank thee heartily,\nTo choose a captain the biddeth me,\nCertainly without any mis,\nNow, holy father, without delay,\nThis shall be my captain,\nHe said the pope to me,\nA banner of Christ's passion,\nThat man's soul did redeem,\nAnd brought them from pain to light,\nHold it with thy hand,\nThe people may the better stand,\nThat under it doth fight,\nThis shall be my captain,\nAnother I would have fain,\nThat is thy bull of lead,\nThat all that under it doth fight\nFor God's love most of might,\nEver in any land,\nIf it happen them to be slain,\nThat their souls come never in pain,\nAfter that they be dead,\nThe people said, \"Blessed might thou be.\"A holy man held the banner, I will do as you command. The banner was made and consecrated. The bull was sealed and folded up. The pardon of grace was delivered to the friar truly. The people blessed him three times. And thus he took his leave. Barefoot, he carried the banner of Christ's Passion out of the town. Towards the Turk he hastened and preached God's law as he went. Many people hastened to him to get their souls solace. Great gold and silver was given to him, and he distributed it evenly. Those who went with him were certainly as you say. All of Rome prayed for him. And so it was greatly needed. Such friars we have too few. Pray all we Christians, I Jesus, be his help and speed. From this I find a fitting verse. Further along and you will sit. Listen and take good heed. This friar went to Hungary. And many men went with him truly, for our Lord they fought. To a university he took the way. The greatest in Hungary I dare well say. Gottauntas it is called. Out of the university, six and twenty men, including the friar, went in.Of religious men, I say,\nThe most party were priests.\nEach proved himself that day\nThat he was God's knight.\nThe friar with great devotion\nBore the banner of Christ's passion\nAmong the people all\nDisplayed abroad great joy to see.\nMen of diverse countries\nFell fast to him.\nThus passed forth Capystranus\nAnd met with the good earl Obedianus,\nA captain principal,\nTwenty thousand and more,\nAmong them were but knights two,\nAnd thus men call them.\nRichard Morpeth, a knight of England,\nAnd Sir John Elake, I understood,\nThat was a Turk before,\nAnd now he is a courteous knight.\nI let you know and a weight,\nAnd steadfast in our lore.\nMany a Turk has grieved sore,\nTheir lives they left behind,\nHe has made them hopeless,\nMany one without less,\nWhere he might find them.\nThere were twenty thousand met in fear,\nWith Obedianus and the friar.\nIn helm and hauberk bright,\nTo Greco-Swabianburg he took the way,\nThere the Turk laid siege,\nWith many a knight.\nFourteen weeks the Turk had been there.And put the crystals near him, they had no might. Five C. went he let shoot at once, Break down the walls with stones. The wild fire flamed light, To hear it was great wonder. The noise of guns much like the thunder. That was a fearful din. The noise was heard many a mile. Obedience entered the town within. At 6 of the clock, the truth to say, After noon on the Maudeleyne, And neither less nor more. And Capystranus, good brother John, Assuaged our men each one, To battle or they died gone, And cried loud with voice clear, Let us fight for our supper. In heaven is ready night, Our banner shall I bear today, And to Jesus fast shall pray, To speed us in our right. Anon they together met, Five M. died without delay, In helmet and hauberk bright, Obedianus that noble man, Slew them fast that served Satan. Through Christ they their crowns had care. All that he with his falcon fought, There was no salvation I let you know, That ever might heal that sore. There was no Turk that he with me.But he received such a blow\nThat he grieved no Christian man more\nHe was a valiant knight\nThe false one he felled for God's right\nI pray God he farced well\nMorath and Black John\nThat day killed many a Turk\nCertainly without delay\nThere was none so good armor\nThat their blows could not pierce\nHelm or bright basinet\nThey hewed upon the heathen high\nTheir fire flew from every side\nSo boldly they pressed\nMany a Turk there was cast\nBitten till the brains burst\nTheir masters they met\nMany a priest there was\nThe Turks heard never such a mass\nAs they heard that day\nOur priests sang te Deum\nThe heathen fell down\nThen peace was put away\nThere were schoolmasters of the best\nMany of them were brought to rest\nThose who would not learn their law\nThus our Christian people fought\nFrom 5 of the clock on Maudlin's night\nTill 10 on the other day\nThen came the Turks with new battle\nClad in plate and mail\nA.C. thousand and more\nOn dromedaries they rodeAnd killed our men on every side, two thousand were there slain. Our men had no choice but to flee to the town at once. With wide and bloody wounds, twenty thousand of our men were brought down at the bridge end. The Turks were so thorough. Dromedaries over them ran and killed both horse and man. In the field, none dared to stay. Obedianus had many wounds or he would have fled the ground. Morpath and Black John had many one, those wounds were wide and bloody. They fled on foot to the town. It was no better for them. Their steeds were slain that day. The Turks followed into the town and killed all before them. It was a great sorrow to see. Into the town the great Turk came and killed wife, child, and man. The Innocents began to die thickly. John Capistranus saw it was thus and seized a cross of Christ. He ran up to a high tower. The holy banner with him he bore. In the top of the tower he set it there. And he cried pitifully. He said, \"Lord God in heaven on high.\"Where is thy old might,\nThat men were wont to have,\nO Lord Jesus Christ, why have thou forgotten us?\nNow we cry out for help,\nLook upon thy people who thus die,\nLord, once cast down thine eye,\nAnd help thy men to save.\nNow, Lord, send down thy great might,\nAgainst these fiends to fight,\nThat so thy people may not perish,\nThink, Lord, how I have preached thy law,\nGone barefoot both in frost and snowe,\nTo please thee with my pay,\nI have fasted and suffered disease,\nPrayed alone to please thee,\nThe psalms I often say,\nFor all my service I have done thee,\nI ask for no more as my fee,\nBut help thy men today,\nFor if thou lettest them thus spill,\nI am right in good will,\nFor ever to forsake thy law,\nNow, Mary, maiden, help me today,\nOr else thy matins I shall never say,\nDays of all my life,\nNo prayer that shall please thee,\nBut if thou help us now in our distress,\nMay none deny thy joys.\nA point is for thy maidenhead,\nThat all this people are suffering death,\nNow help to stop our strife,\nNow, lady, have pity on thy men.Pray for them to your son in heaven,\nAs you are maiden and wife,\nO Lord, all-powerful Father,\nConsider the miracle you, Charles, sent,\nFor the deed's sake,\nThrough your prayer and grace,\nThe Son shone for three days' span,\nAnd shone with beams bright,\nPharaoh, you were drowned in the sea,\nThose you let go free,\nAway, you led them right,\nThis day, Lord, help your men,\nYou are also built now as you were then,\nAnd of as much might,\nThe brother loudly cried on God,\nA mile on every side,\nThe people heard his voice,\nTwenty thousand rose to life,\nIn the twinkling of an eye,\nEach one with a weeping hand raised,\nAnd freely began to fight,\nAnd felled down their foes,\nThe good earl Obedianus,\nFought freely for our Lord Jesus,\nOn every side sprang his banner,\nHe drove the trickster out of the town,\nThe Christians felled the false one down,\nAnd drove them to the field again,\nTwenty thousand with them met,\nOrelles the Turk without delay,\nWould certainly have been slain,\nThen they were eager to fight.Once upon a foul day,\nA new battle began,\nI'll make it clear without ambiguity,\nOf mighty men in the fray,\nEach man fought against the other with anger,\nThe field seemed ablaze,\nAs bright as lightning,\nEvery man injured the other in haste,\nAnd struck them on helmets, shattering skulls,\nThe false ones fell beneath,\nBlood covered the entire field,\nOf brave men shielded,\nA great sight to behold,\nThere were heads torn from necks,\nHelmets and heads alike,\nRich knights were unknitted,\nMany a Turk tumbled over tail,\nNever rising again,\nThey struck so hard on helmets,\nFew Turks remained,\nUnable to sit steadily,\nThere was no Turk present,\nBut he could recount much sorrow,\nI make it plain to you,\nMany a steed was struck,\nGreat dromedaries bled,\nThough they faltered,\nThe Christian men had quarrels,\nThey feared nothing to shed their blood,\nWhen Jesus called them,\nThey fought with sharp swords,\nOf helmets with skulls in hand,\nThey tumbled like a ball.They struck on a braide (braid)\nThat no Turk held him back\nThe proudest of them all\nThere was hurriedly fighting near\nBroken were many a sharp spear\nAnd drawn many a knife\nHorses reared up from the strife\nAnd kept their masters in the way\nUtterly disbelieved\nMany a heathen in their midst\nHis following went down there\nAnd drove him to the earth\nThe blood ran through his breast", "creation_year": 1515, "creation_year_earliest": 1515, "creation_year_latest": 1515, "source_dataset": "EEBO", "source_dataset_detailed": "EEBO_Phase2"},
{"content": "Qvs decet in mensa mores servare docamus,\nVt studeas virtuti simul litteris.\nQuos decet, auctor praelibat materia,\nQuae dictur est, et dicit: Hoc opusculo\nUniitu docere iuvenes, quos mores debeant servare in mea. Addit causam finalem, dicens:\nO puer hoc carmen tibi posui, ut studes, i.e., diligenter incubas, simul virtuti et literis, i.e., scientijs, pro caput tuum.\n\nAdmonitur hic lectore: hic praea Socrates res elegans est, si modice quispiam attigit aetate: sed si supra modum ipsum in ea conquirere oportet, ut qui sapientia voluptas adiungat et ad vocabula: O puer.\n\nDecet semper ponere impersonale verum actuose vocis, rarius impersonale et regit virum quoque modum actum: ut talis pertus decet deus.\n\nFacit verilia multa: ut decus quod est ornatum: decor corporis pulchritudo formarum: decor pulchritudo loquendi.\n\nMesa mihi a metior, quod habet praeterito mensussum, et supio meis: et est aut tabula ad quam vescimur aut id sit ea ponitur.Study is to love someone's work and to strive to learn and acquire knowledge. It often signifies \"please\" and \"frequently\" in old texts: and knowledge is written for those who seek it. If one is not able to seek it, the doors of learning cannot be opened for him in these carms. In his youth, we do not discuss great knowledge, but rather little knowledge, that is, the beginnings of knowledge.\n\nI first remind you, boy, to keep these my commands before you\nKeep these my orders before your eyes.\n\nHere the author advises that before speaking of morals, one should have these commands beforehand, always before your eyes. The boy, who is obedient and good-natured, should observe and keep these commands before your eyes. This is memory, these are my commands that I advise you to observe before I speak of morals. Or read it.\n\nI first advise: be obedient, boy, and have a good disposition. Keep this obedience which I exist because of you.demes be benignus and non rigidus instructor, advise a boy to serve a mild idol. That is, permit things that make for admonition of vices: and more in Greek. In Greek, serve the Seruius image of virtue. And the Nonius entirely given to adolscence, says. The commands of Laurentius concerning the wall are straight and declination. In the singular, it is masculine gender and declension, and in the plural neuter and scde. It is dealt with. Here is the law of this law, and more literally: these commands of these laws, whatever this command is called.\n\nLet there be no stain on the toga, and let the face be clean and the hands.\nStiria let not your nose hang down from your own.\n\nHere the author puts the first precept concerning decency of clothing and bodies: and says that the toga, that is, any outer garment, should be clean and the face and hands should be washed before eating: and the nose should not be dirty and hang down.\n\nConstruction will be put forth.Labels are called stains, which are found on daqd where something is syncopated. And through the change of this diphthong, the au in o logic becomes lotu. Frequently read it thus transformed.\n\nNothing should emerge and be without dirt. Let the hair be clean, let the turpi calceus be without luto. Let the tongue not rule: may teeth be free from rubigine. Let it be shameful for you to have rubbed your head publicly. Expel and crush scabies, and the noxious vermis. Do not let the sordid one who sees these things call you sordidum.\n\nHere the author shows how other members should be cared for and says that vngues are not logi and dirty: and hair and calcei are not lutosi: let the tongue not be rigid with impuritia concreta, and may the teeth be pure and without rubigine. He warns us to be cautious and circumspect in caring for our bodies there. And palam and so on, and he says that it is shameful to rub the head of cora hoominis honestis or to extract pulices or other vermiculi or to rub pruriginosa cutis, or if he sees you doing such things, he will call you sordidu. Emerge is to appear above and beyond the rest.vn\u0304 qui exceeds others in height and exceeds the walls of the city: therefore, theungs are taller than logical men, not flesh. They are also theungs: leonis, silvam. A woman's hair is more attractive to her than a man's. It is also metaphorically a frodibus arborum's hair. Calcei are what galli call sandals in a light-hearted way. Rigere is to be rigid, that is, to be hard and inflexible. Rubigo is a stain that often contracts under the rough color of neglect.\n\nIf you are spuius or mungis, remember to turn your back and head after a concussion.\nPost tua concussum vertere terga caput\n\nM\n\nPanniculo nasum mungere nempe decet\nEt ructare caue quin ora in terga reflectas\nStringe os et crepitum coge tenere nates.\n\nThis teaches how such things can come to be inhumanly indecent, even in the form of letters: ut ferueo feruo: tergeo tergo: caueo cauo: sorbeo sorbo. Pa\u0304niculsi here also said it in the Italian way. Nates are the posterior parts of the body, cessa anu\u0304Mundicique be pleasing to you: in the middle way turn, lest you appear base or light.\n\nIt teaches to maintain moderation in clothing between luxury or elegance and wealth: it warns that our garments be clean, lest we appear base and be in moderate cultivation, not too cultivated lest we appear light in manners and spirit.\n\nDo not repeat curses nor promise foul words.\n\nIt also teaches to maintain modesty in speech and avoid obscenity, saying: \"O boy, do not repeat curses, that is, if you are provoked and if anyone has spoken ill to you, do not repeat curses, that is, do not answer with cursing and do not provoke the one who cursed first. It also warns against vulgar words and those inciting to lust, saying: neither let us promise nor let us bring forth foul words from our breast, that they may not be spoken or while they are being spoken. It furthermore warns to maintain decorum, that we do not avoid words that do not belong to our age. However, it is not becoming for a boy to use stomach-turning words.id est alto stomacho cum granitate et iracundis prolatis. Moribus urbanis curatus esse. Parce turpi gula: luxuriamque fuge. Parce et avaritiae: bilem frenare memento. Invidulus tumidus non odiosus eris. Desidiam fugies: atque omnia turpia pelle. Et ludi turpes sint proeul: atque viris.\n\nDocet vitare rusticitate et vitia capitalia seu mortalia gula, luxuria, avaritia, ira, iuidicia, superbia, odium et odiositas, & desidia. Quia scriptum est. Cuiuscedam praeter ceteros donatum a natura vel deo aliqua virtute vel arte. Parce gula. Abstine a gula, ut Vergilium dicit. Parce mihi. Bilis est sanguis melancolicus. Ira furor brevis est et cetera. Iracundia autem prolixior. Naetracundus naturaliter ad iram incitatur. Sole praeterire in pueros nosse iudicia magna: ideo pulchre vitium diminutio dicens. Non eris in invidulus. Timidus et inflatus elatus superbus.Odiosus porius passive sight and is very annoying, and makes a man bothersome to a boy: as annoying as odious. But it should not be said: one hates in the present tense. Cicero is said to have hated once. Desidia is called from de sedere: it is in the slothful and lazy.\n\nBe faithful and daring, temerarius is rash, but not audacious if timid and little.\n\nMonet ut inuenis serve in faithfulness and fortitude: you, boy, be faithful and dare. I.e., in the face of vice, and it is necessary to overcome the defect of cowardice: where. Quid: que admiratus quam tu qui bus and quibus audetur audedum e. Estque fortis audes et timees aliquem.sed neque audax neque timidus,\nnec penitus mutum: nec te decet esse loquacem,\nconuenit ille thoro: conuenit iste foro,\nHortatur ut puer servet modum, i\u0304 loquedo ne sit munus,\net mansuetus eris, rectum te lectus habebit,\nDetege nec sociorum: nec tua membra moue,\nDocet servare modum in lecto, ubi puere,\nne sit difficilis nimium: nec credulus esto,\nDedecus et metues et reuerere bonos,\nMonet servare modum meredulitate & ad hibendande dicens quod non erit nimis difficulis et tardus ad credendum: nec nimis fac. lis seu credulus,\nMonet euam generaliter ut vitemus omne dedecus & reuereamur omnes bonos.\nFutilis et mendax nunquam nimiumque seuerus,\nesto sed et comein munificum velim,\nDocz servare modum i\u0304 seueritate & rigore verborum: dices quod puer ro\u0304 erit futilis, i.e. vaniloquus, qui verba sua i\u0304 utiliter effundens aut mendar: nec nimiu\u0304 seueqd improbat dic\u0304es sed & come\u0304 munificu\u0304que velim sup. te esse.Comis Cocinus, affable and comfortable, held himself steadfastly, lest he should be unable to stand when the liquor flowed out of him; when there was no place on earth for the sacrifice to be placed, he believed it was a sign of piety from the gentiles.\n\nBe pious and honor the gods, and respect your parents.\nDo no harm to anyone; do not steal or covet anything.\n\nThe man is exhorting the boy to be pious towards the gods and parents, and warning him against excessive drinking. He advises the boy not to be a drunkard, nor to drink unmixed wine, but only diluted wine. He also warns against the effects of wine on women and the man who loves them, and the inclination of the man Aulus Gaius Vinosus towards such things. The term \"vinosus mulierosus religiosus\" signifies a copious and immoderate rejection of these things.Quo circa religiosus apellabat quemquam supesteriosa religioe se alli gauerat: eaque res vitio dabatur. Post multa tamen vba Aug. leg. dare videtur: ut earum rerum quasus certus et finitus acclimatus esse debet: ut vini mulieris et cetera copia vitie datur: earude uoiosa iosus vituperia habeat. Earum vero rerum quamquam copiosus et decorus convivium et importat: ut formosus, speciosus, generosus, animosus, gnosus, studiosus sus. Est ergo vinosus nimius amator vini. Potare autem quandamodo significat unum et vilipenduntur potatores. Non ergo quod fama est. Cathone bibisse quia hoc fere necessarium est: sed potasse et ad superfluitate. Unus potatus deebit ebrius. Si quaeres ubi legi si Cathone potasse: dices in multis locis tamquam apud Cesareum, ut auctor est Plini. scdus III lib. epistularum quae inquit. Erunt officia lucani in que icidere Cathoni quididee licuit.Quee thou. C.\nDo not be a scoffer: do not be a malicious gossip\nDo not be a judge: nor wilt thou be an unjust witness\nPray that a boy be not a scoffer or malicious gossip. I pray that in all things thou be modest.\nBe eager for praise: let good care be thine\nThus we shall praise and rejoice in one who lives well / and thou shalt also be honorable.\nVarious things are called holy emulation: and this man, says he, makes one honorable and grave in the sight of all good and honest men. He is called well-bred who has good manners. He is called morose who is excessively difficult in manners.\nDo not make my ears hard to hear whatever thou mayest trade.\nI will give thee orders to obey:\nHigh precepts make attentive and benevolent hearers, praying that they accommodate themselves to easy and docile ears, and an untroubled mind. Adding, O boy, to bear and carry out my orders. That is, to carry out my customs and I will give thee gentle orders. That is, easy and not harsh.I am not able to output the entire cleaned text directly here due to character limitations. However, I can provide you with the cleaned text in a text file or share it with you through a messaging platform. Here's the cleaned text:\n\n\"I am not the one who praises you by lying at your feet in the morning. A fitting hour will be given to me by the judge for food. Do not bring long meals before the fireplace for you. Let the innkeeper do this: he who knows, flees from these. Monet warns me not to begin ingurgitating before the first light of day. Summon the warm beds, lay out the couches, and pour out salted wine and dishes. The one who serves at the table or attends to the guests says that one should first summon the warm beds, for we used to recline on them in ancient times. Tereti think that this is where he said it. Whoever has salt, let him bring it to you. Whoever brings wine and water, let him bring them. You will lay out bread, I will bring the water, and you will pour wine and the newest dishes.\"I. Avoid, you who are greedy, speaking with a sonorous voice,\nII. It is proper to open your jaws rightly when making contracts,\nIII. Although the ancients may have lain prone on their chests,\nIV. This age commands that you keep your necks straight,\nV. And let the powerful sit near the table,\nVI. You alone make the easy ones sit and stand,\n\u00b6 Monet warns that you should eat honorably without a sonorous voice and sit upright at the table. A lurco is one who, with avidity, gulps down food. A lurca is the mouth of a dog or a pig. Whence lurcones are men with capacious gullets.\nVII. You, boy, I order you to sit down rarely: but standing,\nVIII. Send away the cups quickly: put or take away the dishes,\nIX. Let the guests not overburden themselves with the service,\nX. Flee: for often a shameful thing comes from there,\n\u00b6 Let him not always think he should sit to himself; Monet warns him to sit rarely. Or say that I have spoken before about the rich man and his son: not about the servant. You, boy, and so on. He also teaches you to place food and cups quickly and to place and replace them carefully so that the liquids or waters in which they are cooked do not spill on the dishes or their clothes.Quodque iubebit herus facilis semper quemque tibi dederit tu tibi sume locum. Quodque vir egregius pauido tibi porrigit: illud supe libens, grates aptaque verba refer.\n\nPulchre precipit ut scolastici morigeri sint, utque non difficiles, sed dum iubentur, pareant sumentes locum. Esto tribus digitis manos nec sumito morsus. Ne duplices offas mandere quicumque iuuet.\n\nDocet quomodo et quantum capiatur cibus: dice. Esto I. comede tribus digitis. Scluzz pollice et duobus proximis nec subito magnos morsos: nec inbet te mandere, id est mastigare, utinam ab utraque parte oris duplices offas, frusta et pulmenta.\n\nDapsilis et largus semper blandeque sodali. Impetere tuo pauperibusque dapes.\n\nInuitat ditiores ad beneficentia et largitate dicetis. Tu dapsilis et largus iperire. I. paruin largiri tuo sodali, qui tecu sedet: et letis rebus vacat: et pauperibus dapes, ci. Impetere hic est impetatiui modi verbi deponeatalis.Legitur etiam untio active\nNec vos obscenos laudabimus aut comedones\nEsse decet vivas: vivere non ut edas\nNamque cibus nimius capiti stomacho nocebit\nCorporis et vires ingenium rapit\nMandat ite vitare gulositate proter damnum et turpitudinem que ex ea sequuntur. Comedones qui nimis comedunt dicuntur sicut maducones / bibones qui nimis bidunt &c. Esse decet. Ordo est. Decet esse. Id est manducare. Est emim ab edo non a sum infinitivus. Sup.: ut vivas et non decet vinere ut edas\nGausape non maculas aut pectora nec tibi mentum\nStillet: sitque tibi ne manus uncta cave\nSepe ora et digitos mapa siccabis apta\nIn quadra faciet non tua palma moram.\nIteru cohortatur ad mudiciam servanda inter comedendum dice. No macules gausape. I. illud quod super mensam sternitur, nec macules cibo & potu pectora tua mentu. No stillet tibi ex cibo aut potu dependetes & cave ne manus sit tibi uncta. I. pignis. Siccabis aut & terges sepe ora. I. labia & digitos mapa. I. manuli apta.i. You are given to him. And your palm is your hand: but most of all, your palm will not cause delay, that is, with a square vessel, be it Italian style or otherwise.\nWhatever is near to you, take it as a companion.\nYour companion will report to you while he still holds your hand.\nWhile he is cutting off the heads, be careful not to have taken any pieces.\nLurco reads sweet bolus without blushing.\n\nBeautifully it teaches each one to take his own porridge, and it is enough and sufficient for you. This is the nearest to you, the porridge, and it is not enough until the salt has mixed with it or until the entire meal has been cut up. Order is as follows. Take when it is either casu or larger, but do not take it from your companion's food. Wait until he reports it back, returns your hand, and be careful not to have taken any pieces, fragments, or cut-up parts. The elders then cut smaller pieces.\nDo not take more than what the minister or your servant has divided for you or the meal has been cut up for you.ea quod ceasas ut duo sodalis secat obsoiuus tuo in frusta. Lurco, i.e., ligurio or liguritor: et vorax homo legit, i.e., excerpit absque rubore, i.e., pudore et verecundia dulces bolos: quos quidam morsellos dicunt.\n\nNo manibus gremio immissis tibi vellicet unguis.\nQuod sumes residens non agitato pedes.\n\nMonet ne inhonestus sis imitetedo manu i. gremio tuo vel ad pudenda & poesta ud cibu vellicado eum eisdem unguibus quibus & illa. Ite precipit ne quid inhonestum esset.\n\nIncidasque prius quam dens contundat ofellam.\nTingantur rursus ne tibi morsa caue.\nNec lingas digitos: nec rodas turpiter ossa.\nAst ea cutello radere rite potes.\n\nIterum docet quomodo superflua congeras.\n\nea quod ceasas ut two companions obsoiously cut up your obsolete parts. Lurco, that is, a Ligurian or Ligurian man: and the greedy man took, i.e., excerpted, absque shame and modesty, the sweet cakes: which they call morsels.\n\nDo not put your hands in the lap, immersed in unguis, without your permission.\nSince you remain seated without moving your feet.\n\nMonet warns you not to imitate an unchaste man and put your hand in his lap or towards his genitals and his food, using the same unguis with which she does. He urges you to leave if anything is unchaste.\n\nCut the morsels first before the teeth crush the morsel.\nWash your hands again so that the morsas do not harm you.\nDo not lick your fingers: do not shamefully touch your bones.\nBut you can properly shave them with a knife.\n\nHe teaches you again how to deal with superfluous things.You requested the cleaned text without any comment or explanation. Here is the text with the specified requirements met:\n\nNam si ita cogeres, congeses cortice panis, pomorum et casei super mensa. Ossa autem in patera, id est vas, pates et amplu ad hoc appositu. Vl iace pedibus: sic ut nemine contigas nec offendas.\n\nNec quam ficos tentas, nec diliges frusta.\n\nEt quocunque manus huc tibi lumen eat.\n\nMonet ne fusta obsoniorum turpiter attrahamus prius quam sumus et adhuc iho, nec teeta i. frequeater tene nec dilige unum ex multis tibi ad eligendum segrega frusta obsoniorum quam ficos, id est sicut tentas, et lumen id est visus vel oculus, et id est dirigatur tibi huc, id est hanc partem; quocunque id est quaecunque manus tua ierit, hoc autem dit ne qui desis aut fundas aut frangas aut turpiter contractes, non video quo manum ipellas.Nec socium tuum inspectare: quidve edet ille, avertas et gestus tuos inspice frequenter, ut si quid offenderit, corrigamus. Pocula cum sumes, terga labella tibi, si tergas manibus, non mi carus eris. Una manu sumat pateram, nisi hanc iacet in hostem. Theseus aut bellis sint monumenta patris, hanc si binis manibus captabis, id apte efficies digitis, pocula sume tribus.\n\nDoczo quo pocula sumas: dices prius terga os tuum mapa et non manibus. Summus sumus medio est una manus sumat pateram, quam gallitarisiam voca. Et tenebas oculos: nec supra pocula fari. Plena aliquid vita sit tibi bucca cibo. Deme merum ciatho multum, ne forte supersit. Quod nolit socius sumere recte, tuus qui sapit, extinguit multo cum fonte falernum, et ille parco lympham diluet mero.I.teach you how to drink: hold in what you drink, keep your eyes closed so they do not wander while you drink, be careful not to speak too much, hold the cup in your hand, take care to empty it, do not pour wine into another vessel or it may spill in the Falernian amphora. In the verse of Vulcan or Hypnea, do not take two drafts, do not be weary or panting, Sibyl do not touch your lips, nor drink too quickly like a yellow fly. Nor should you drink too slowly, nor should you delay in taking Falernian wine. Drink one or two cups to the full, if you exceed this number, you will be drunk to me. Look carefully at what you drink, and say first what you intend to drink, do not speak afterwards as if you were drunk or like a Sibyl. Drink neither too quickly nor too slowly, and do not let your red mouth become too long: nor should the delay be too great. Thirdly, it says that if you drink often and frequently, you will be considered drunk.Quarto, do not be compelled to take a cup or bottle, nor be impelled to drink dammy or incur a hangover: until there is a remedy, I espie.\nWhomsoever you throw away from the cups, always extend your hands.\nApproach the table with a blue countenance and withdraw your lips.\nBending your knee and stretching out your arms, it will be of service.\nSay: but you will remove in your own order whatsoever.\nAfter showing how to approach the table and how to muddle and drink there, he showed how to depart from it, saying that after drinking, you should wipe your mouth and hands, similarly. Departing, bend your knee and join your hands, saying, \"It is fitting for the inept one to profit and for the importunate one to depart.\" This said, you remove all who have been accustomed to serve you and, having placed them in their proper places, you bathe yourself and leave when they call you.Hec apud Sulpium,\nNEc satis est humile comede et accede mensa,\nNi probus in omnibus conspicere locis,\nProinde puer quem sages deducere vitam,\nTe quam paucis admonuisse velim,\nMane experrectus quas condidit optimus auctor,\nChristus: eas referes supplice mente preces,\nDeinde salutatum properabis utrumque parentem,\nEt cuiquam tuae cura filii erit,\nTum quemcumque vides venerandum religione,\nSanguine canicie: moribus: officio:\nHuic si forte sedes properare assequeris / si stas\nAut transis retegens tempora / flecte genu,\nTum magistri tibi patris amore colendi,\nAuribus atque oculis mente verba capias,\nQue si forte tibi minus intellecta reliquerunt,\nA discipulis sunt repetenda tuis,\nIntellecta autem: ne mox neglecta queraris,\nInscribes nitido sepe legenda libro,\nTandem ubi doctus eris: reliqua est bene vivare curabis,\nIgnorantibus tibi cognita precipias.\n\n[FINIS.]\n\nImpressed at London by Wynand de Worde in the English street called Fletestrete, under the sign of the sun with the motto \"stay and rest.\" In the year of our Lord MCCCCXV.\nprinter's device of Wynkyn de Worde", "creation_year": 1515, "creation_year_earliest": 1515, "creation_year_latest": 1515, "source_dataset": "EEBO", "source_dataset_detailed": "EEBO_Phase2"},
{"content": "Eight, by his letters patent assigned and deputed, are named and appointed for the ordering and assessing of every person dwelling, residing, or having their greatest residence in: or in the said city of London, chargeable and contributing to a subsidy granted to our said sovereign lord King Henry the VIIIth, by authority of his parliament held at Westminster, and begun on the fourth day of February in the third year of his reign and continued by prorogations to the fourth day of November next coming to:\n\nWe, on behalf of our said sovereign lord the king, and by authority of the said letters patent and act, charge and command you, and each of you, upon pain of \u00a320, that you personally appear before us, or before us and the other commissioners in the said letters patent appointed, or before us, six of us at the value of 40s. or above, the names of women having husbands, and beggars living only by alms, except:And certify by your writing the annual value of the said profit, as previously stated, and the value of movable goods and chattels of every person whose name you will certify before us at the said day and place. Also, identify which of them are knights, and which are foreign-born and not denizens. Which are laborers, handicraftsmen, artisans, apprentices, and servants not having lands or other profits to any annual value, nor movable goods to the value of 40s. And which are householders, according to the tenor and effect of the following cycles and declarations, as near as you can by your discretion and wisdom, through search, questioning, or other means.\n\nFirst, you shall certify by your said writing in one article by itself the names of every person residing within the said ward and having their greatest resort to or in the said parish.And having profits of lands, tenements, freehold, copyhold, fees, annuities, offices, or corrodies to his or her own use to the yearly value of \u00a340.10s or above in any place or places within this realm.\nAlso in another article, the names of every person being within the said ward, & dwelling or having his or her greatest resort in or to the said parish, and having profits of any lands or any other (the premises) to his or her own use to the yearly value of \u00a320 or above and under the said value of \u00a340.10s in any place or places.\nAlso in another article, the names of every person being within the said ward, & dwelling or having his or her greatest resort in or to the said parish, and having profits of any lands or of any other (the premises) to his or her own use to the yearly value of \u00a31 or above and under the said yearly value of \u00a320 in any place or places.Also in another article, the names of every person being within the said ward / and dwelling or having their greatest residence in or to the said Parishes, and having profits from any lands or other premises to their own use, to the yearly value of \u00a340 or above, and under the said value of \u00a310.\nAlso in another article, the names of every person being within the said ward / and dwelling or having their greatest residence in or to the said Parishes, and having profits from any lands or other premises to their own use, to any yearly value under \u00a340.\nAlso in another article, the names of every person being within the said ward / and dwelling or having their greatest residence in or to the said Parishes, and having goods or merchandise movable to the value of \u00a33. 10. 0. or above, and under the value of \u00a39. 0. 0.Also in other articles, the names of every person being within the said ward / and dwelling or having their most residence in or to the said Paris / and having goods or merchandise movable to the value of 100 li. or above / and under the said value of 400 li. in any place or places.\nAlso in other articles, the names of every person being within the said ward / and dwelling or having their most residence in or to the said Paris / and having goods or merchandise movable to the value of a 100 li. or above / and under the said value of 100 li. in any place or places.\nAlso in other articles, the names of every person being within the said ward / and dwelling or having their most residence in or to the said Paris / and having goods or merchandise movable to the value of 40 li. or above / and under the said value of 100 li. in any place or places.And in one article, the names of every person being within the said ward / and dwelling or having their greatest resort in or to the said Paris / and having goods or chattels movable to the value of 20 li. or above and under the said value of 40 li. in any place or places.\n\nAnd in another article, the names of every person being within the said ward / and dwelling or having their greatest resort in or to the said Paris / and having goods or chattels movable to the value of 1 pound or above / under the said value of 20 li. in any place or places.\n\nAnd in another article, the names of every person being within the said ward / and dwelling their greatest resort in or to the said Paris / and having goods or chattels movable to the value of forty shillings or above / under the said value of 1 li. in any place or places.In another article, the names of every person residing within the said ward, and having their greatest residence in or to the said Parishes, who were alien and stranger, not born under the king's allegiance nor made denizen:\n\nIn another article, the names of every laborer, journeyman, artificer, handicraftsman, and servant, male and female, above the said age of fifteen years, residing within the said ward, and having their greatest residence in or to the said Parishes, earning wages or other profits to the yearly value of 40s. or above. Women having husbands excepted:\n\nIn another article, the names of every person residing within the said ward, and having their greatest residence in or to the said Parishes, earning wages or other profits to the yearly value of 20s. or above, and under the value of 40s., and being above the age of fifteen years. Women having husbands excepted.In articles, the names of every person residing or having their main residence in the same ward, above the age of 15, earning wages or profits from wages under the value of 20 shillings per year, and of every apprentice and other person not earning wages or profits for wages, nor having lands, annuities, fees, offices, or corrodies for their own use, except women with husbands (and beggars).\n\nIn other articles, the names of all householders and the names of laborers, servants, artificers, apprentices above the age of 15, earning wages from them or not earning wages, residing within their houses, except women with husbands (and beggars).\n\nGiven under our seals in the 4th year of the reign of our sovereign lord King Henry VIII.", "creation_year": 1515, "creation_year_earliest": 1515, "creation_year_latest": 1515, "source_dataset": "EEBO", "source_dataset_detailed": "EEBO_Phase2"},
{"content": "\u00b6 The kynge our souerreyne lorde Henry the .viii. after the conquest by the grace of god kyng of Englande and of Fraunce / and lorde of Irlande / at his Patlyame\u0304t hol\u2223de\u0304 at westmester / the .xxiii. daye of Ianuarii after the last Porrogacion. In the .v. yere of his most noble Reygne to the honoure of god & holy Churche / and for the Co\u0304mon welth & profyte of this his Royalme / by the assente of the Lordes\nspirituall & temporall: & the Co\u0304mons in this pre\u00a6sent Parlyame\u0304t assembled: and by auctoryte of the same hath do to be ordeyned made and enacted certayne Sta\u2223tutes / and ordynaunces in maner & fourme folowynge.\nHec rosa virtutis de celo missa sereno. Eternu\u0304 florens regia sceptra feret.\nroyal English blazon or coat of arms with Tudor rose, supported by angels,a dragon and a dog, between two portcullises\nWHere as the Kynge oure Soueraygne Lorde gre\u2223atly desirynge to recouere ye Realme of Frau\u0304ce his very trewe Patrymonye and inherytaunce & to reduce the same to his obey\u00a6saunce. And for the same purpose andThe king lately prepared great royal armies both by sea and land at great and marvelous cost and charge. Since, by his great wisdom and singular policy, he has now reduced the cities and towns of Tyrewyn and Turney to obedience, amity, familiarity, and commerce will follow and ensue between the citizens and inhabitants of the said cities, towns, and precincts, as well as the king's natural subjects in this his realm of England. Therefore, the king our sovereign willingly and intending that true and impartial justice be administered in all matters and causes, both to citizens and inhabitants dwelling and inhabiting in the same cities, towns, and precincts, as to his natural subjects dwelling within this his realm of England, and to the same end, the king our sovereign has deputed and ordained in the said cities, towns, and precincts:City and town of Turney, and its bailwick and precincts, various officers and ministers, including two of them called Notaries or Graffers, are to accept, take, and record the knowledge of all contracts, bargains, convenants, pacts, and agreements made and to be made within the said city and town of Turney, bailwick and precincts, by any manner of persons who will and shall come before them to make known such things. These Notaries or Graffers shall present and deliver in writing all such knowledge thus taken under their Notary seals to another officer of the same city and town. The sovereign lord, our king, has there appointed and deputed this officer to accept and take them from the Notaries or Graffers. The king, our sovereign lord, by the assent of his lords spiritual and temporal,Commons in this present Parliament assembled and by authority thereof have ordained and enacted that upon every writing obligatory and knowledge to be made of all contracts, conventions, and agreements, signed and sealed in the form above mentioned, by any of the king's subjects inhabited in this realm of England, to any citizen or inhabitant within the said city and town of Turney Baylly or precinct thereof, or by any citizen or inhabitant within the same city, town, or precinct to any of the king's subjects inhabited within the realm of England, or by any of the king's subjects inhabited in the realm of England to another of the same, shall be shown and exhibited to the Chancellor of England. For the time being the Chancellor shall have full authority and power upon the sight of the same to seat a Serjeant-at-Arms.an officer is to present this to the person bound to request and command the person bound to perform the contents of every such writing obligatory and knowledge. If the same persons bound deny this, and object or allege any cause why they should not do so, then the same sergeant or officer shall immediately bring the same person bound before the Chancellor of England to answer to these matters. And if the person bound and brought before the said Chancellor objects or alleges any matter or cause reasonable why they should not perform the contents of the same writing obligatory and knowledge, then they shall be ordered to bring sufficient surety and pledge to the king's Court of Chancery, or else to remain in prison. And then the said Chancellor, by his wisdom and discretion, shall assign and appoint a convenient term to prove his objection and allegation.The party bound shall not present their objection and allegation before the Chancellor before or on the day previously fixed, or else they shall perform the content of the said obligation and knowledge then not performed, or else forfeit the said gages and pledges to the party to whom the obligation or knowledge was made. And similarly, on all recognizances to be made before the king in his Chancery or Bench or any other king's court of record within the realm of England, and on all obligatory writings to be made and acknowledged before the Mayor of the Staple of Calais of all debts and bargains by any of the said citizens or inhabitants of the said city or town of Turney or Baylywicke or precinct thereof, to any of the king's subjects. And the same knowledge or obligatory writing shall then be certified to the Bailiff of the same city and town by the Chancellor of England.The king's great seal of England: the bailiff of the same city and town, during his tenure, has full authority and power to summon and send a sergeant or other officer of the city and town to the person bound by it, requiring and commanding him to perform the contents of the same knowledge and writing in an obligatory manner. If the person bound refuses to do so and objects, presenting a reason why he should not, then the said sergeant or officer shall immediately bring him before the bailiff of the city and town for the time being to answer to these matters. If the person brought before the bailiff objects and alleges any matter or cause why he should not perform the contents of the same obligatory writing and knowledge, then he shall be adjudged to bring sufficient surety and pledges to the very value of the contents of the same obligatory writing or knowledge.Knowledge into the Court before the same bailiff or his deputy or else remain in ward / And then the said bailiff or his deputy, by his wisdom and discretion, shall assign a convenient permitory day to prove his objection and allegation. If the party so bound fails to prove his objection and allegation before the said bailiff or his deputy on the said day assigned:\n/ that the said party so bound, without delay, shall perform the contents of the said writing obligatory and knowledge not performed then, or else forfeit the said wages and pledges to the party to whom the obligation or knowledge was made / This act to endure during the king's pleasure.\nRequest the Commons and inhabitants, cloth makers and buyers of the same within the County of Devonshire, that diverse and many clothes called white straits be and have been continually made within the said county, to the great profit of the king's subjects there.In the past, clothes were adequately made with breadth reaching halfway down the raw hide and fifteen yards in length, and each maker marked their clothes with a specific mark. However, this is no longer the case, causing inconvenience for both the king's subjects, buyers and sellers, as well as merchants. Therefore, it was considered necessary to enact this by our sovereign lord, with the assent of the spiritual and temporal lords and the common assembly present, and by their authority:From the feast of Pentecost next coming, no person shall sell such clothes called white Straits without being ready to be taken off the loom of a yard and a half, and of a length of fifteen yards. No person shall make such clothes unless he sets his mark on every piece of the said clothes, either by himself or by those made, and no person shall use any mark on his clothes such as another person has used before him, on pain of a forfeiture of every such cloth the one half to the king, and the other half to him who seizes the said clothes made or marked contrary to the form and effect expressed herein. And this Act to continue until the next Parliament.\n\nWhereas in this present Parliament, before its first prorogation, it was ordained and enacted that no woolen Cloth above the price of 4 marks shall be conveyed overseas, unrowed, unbarbed, and unsorned on certain penalties expressed in the same Act.A large number of acts put into execution will not only lead to the diminishment of kings' customs, but also result in the ruin of cloth makers and merchants who convey the clothes. Since wool has risen to a much greater price than it was at the time the act was made, a cloth that was commonly sold for 4 marks is now sold for 5 marks. Furthermore, due to the act, merchants should dress every white cloth above the value of 4 marks on this side of the sea after they have bought them. These dressed white clothes, when brought into the territories beyond the sea and dyed and put in colors, must then be newly dressed, barbed, shorn, and rowed. As a result, they will be of less substance to themselves and of poorer quality to the seal and sell for a lower price by 10 or 12 shillings beyond the sea than they would be if they were undressed. Therefore, beware.It was ordered and enacted by like authority that every white woolen cloth sold at 5 marks and under in the towns be carried and conveyed into the territories beyond the sea to be sold at the pleasure of the buyers, provided no act to the contrary had been made, and over this it was further ordered and enacted by the same authority that if any person or persons conveyed or caused to be conveyed into the territories beyond the sea any white woolen cloth unrowed, unbarbed, and unsorn above the value of 5 marks in any other form than that stated, that then the person or persons offending shall forfeit the value of the said cloth or clothes so conveyed into the territories beyond the sea. The one moiety of the same forfeiture to be to our said sovereign lord the king, and the other moiety to every person who will or shall seize by bill, writ, or other means information or other action against any person for the same, and it be defended.in any plea on such an account be not admitted to wage his law nor any protection or easement for such a defense be allowed in the same.\nPray the Commons in this present Parliament assembled that whereas worsted which have been truly shorn, dyed, and calendared as of old time has been one of the handsomest merchandise & greatest commodities for this Realm / and not only worn within this Realm / But also much worn and used in other Realms / And so it is that now of late diverse strangers beyond the sea have taken upon them to dry, calendar worsted with gums oils and presses so that a course piece of worsted not being past the value of 26s. 8d.\nIs and shall be made by their said gums oils / & presses to show like to the value of 40s. or better / And if the same worsted so dried, calendared takes any wet inconvenience it will show spot and show foul / And ever after continue still soule and will not endure to the great.Disputes and harm of those who practice it, and loss of the said Commodity, and for the said disputes and falsehood, the said dry calendar making is shunned and abhorred beyond what you see. Therefore, no person shall use such worsted for dry calendar making in those territories. Furthermore, lately, the said Strangers called dry calendars have come into this Realm and there use the said dry calendar making of worsted and the great harm to the said common wealth and Commodity of this Realm. Wherefore, it is enacted, ordained, and established by the assent of the Lords spiritual and temporal, and the Commons in this present parliament assembled, and by their authority, that no person within this said Realm shall take upon himself or themselves to dry calendar any worsted within this said Realm, on pain to forfeit for every worsted so dry calendared one shilling. And over and above, where the said old calendar making of worstedes, called wet calendar making, has been used well and substantially in:It is furthermore enacted and established by the authority aforementioned that no person or persons hereafter take upon himself or themselves to act as calendars, but only such persons as have been bound apprentices to other persons of the same craft or occupation, called \"weavers of worsteds,\" by the space of seven years or are conying in the same. And their conying approved and admitted by the Mayor of the said city of Norwich and the two Masters of the said craft and occupation yearly, within the said city of Norwich or in the County of Norfolk, upon pain of every such person or persons, forfeiting for each piece so acted against the ordinances and purchases aforementioned, .C.s. The one moiety of which penalties and forfeitures above specified and of every of them to be to the king our sovereign lord.And the other half thereof is to be given to the Masters of the said occupation of wet calculating, for the time being, and it shall be lawful for the Masters of the said occupation for the time being and their successors to show for one half of all such penalties hereafter forfeited against every such person or persons who shall do contrary to the form and effect of this statute by action of debt in writing at common law or by bill or plaint according to the custom of such city, port, or town where such forfeiture shall happen or occur, or by information in the king's Eschequer. And no protection or essoins nor any waiver of law for the defendant in any such action or information be allowable before any manner of justice, where any such suit or information shall be used for the said forfeiture. And this Act to endure until the next Parliament.\n\nWhereas in this present Parliament held at Westminster the\nIV day of February in the III year of the reign.Of our sovereign lord the king and prolonged to the 4th day of November in the 4th year of our sovereign lord the king, and adjourned to Westminster aforementioned, as issues were joined in actions and suits commenced in the king's court before him and in his Common Bench, and in his Exchequer at the king's suit or at the suit of the parties tryable in the city of London. The king and the parties suffered great delay many times for lack of jurors impanelled to try the said issues, and many times for lack of attornies not having lands and tenements of the yearly value of 40s. It was on the 4th day of November ordained and enacted by the authority of this present Parliament that the Sheriffs of London for the time being should have full authority and power to return in panels or arrays of all actions and suits then depending or that would depend in any.The persons of the said Court or Exchequer, being citizens, shall bring actions or suits if they have goods valued at \u00a35 mark or above. And those persons returning with goods valued at \u00a35 mark or above should be sworn and act in every jury in the same way as others having lands worth the yearly value of 40s over all charges. And the sheriffs of the said city for the time being shall return on the first distress in every such action or suit on every juror enpaneled to try the issues thereof 20d, and on the second distress 40d, and on every subsequent distress on every same juror double, until a full jury in every such action. And the sheriffs who make any return contrary to the aforementioned form shall forfeit for every such return.suche default. The one half thereof to be to the king, And the other half to the party that will sew therefor. And that the defendants in any such action should not be admitted to wage his law nor protection therein for him allowed, which statute was only made for the good Expediency of Justice, for the quick appearance of jurors citizens of London at St. Martin's, the grant within the said city, where all jurors were and are bound only to appear to try the issues joined of all things tryable in London by processes of Nisiprius out of the said Courts, and in none other place according to their Ancient liberty, privilege, and custom. Therefore, for a more plain declaration of the same good statute, it is ordered and established by the authority of this present Parliament that the said Act be expounded, interpreted, and taken, that the Sheriffs for the time being be bound to Return at every first distress of Nisiprius to be had at the said St. Martin's in every.suche action or summon every of the jurors impanelled to try the issues thereof. Twenty shillings and upon the second distress of Nisiprius, forty shillings, on every distress of Nisiprius after that, every juror the double, until a full jury in every such action and suit shall appear and be sworn to try the issue joined in the same. And no sheriff of the said city or other thing be seized by force or color of the said statute for every return to be made, except only upon returns to be made contrary to the form, declaration, interpretation, and exposition of this Statute, that is to say, upon writs of distresses before justices or the justice of Nisiprius within the said city. And upon all other writs and processes that be and shall be awarded out of the said court or eschequer, it shall be lawful to the sheriffs for the time being to make their returns according to the order of the law, as the sheriffs of London were wont to do before.The making of the said Estate without any loss or forfeiture. Shows to your discrete wisdoms our humble petitioners, the wardens and fellowship of the craft and Mystery of Surgeons established in the City of London, not exceeding twelve persons, who have been, as they and their predecessors, since the time that no memory is contrary, in this noble city of London, as well as in all other cities and boroughs within this Realm, for the continual service and attendance that they daily and nightly at all hours and times give to the king's leige people, according to their science, have been exempt and discharged from all offices and businesses, in which they should use or bear any manner of armour or weapon, and with like privilege have been entertained as Harbingers of Arms, as in battles and fields as in other places, to stand unheralded and unweponed according to the law of Arms because they are persons that never used Feet of.surgeons should only use their skills and exercise for the help and comfort of the king's lying people in times of need. In the city of London, from the time of their first incorporation, they have never been called or charged to be on quest, watch, or any other office where they should be unwilling and prevented from practicing their healing of those in peril. Therefore, due to the small number of the said fellowship of the craft and mystery of surgeons, I consider the great multitude of patients that are and daily chance and misfortune that occurs in the said city of London, and that many of the king's lying people are suddenly wounded and hurt due to the lack of help in time, and so various have done as evidently is known by occasion, your said Supplies have been compelled.to attende vpon shuche Co\u0304sta\u00a6bleshyp / watches and Iuryes as a foresayd. \u00b6 Be it enacted & establysshed by the kynge our Soueraygne lorde and the lordes spirituall and temporall / and by the Commons in this present Parlyament assembled & by actoryte of the same / That from hensforth your sayd supplyauntes be discharged and not chargeable of Co\u0304\u2223stablyshyppe / watche and all maner of offyce berynge and Armour / And also of all Enquestes and Iuryes within the cytie of London / And also that this Acte in all thynge do extende to all Barboures Surgyons admytted and aproued to ex\u2223ercyse the sayd mysterye of Surgyons acccordynge to ye fourme of ye statute late\u00a6ly made in that behalfe / So that they excede ne be at one tyme aboue the nombre of .xii. parsones.\nIN the moste humble wyse shewen and complayneth vnto your hygh\u2223nes your pore and dayly Oratoures the Felyshyppe and broderhed of the blessed Trinite at the blacke Fryers in your Cytie of Londo\u0304 of the crafte of Cordewayners straungers / that where at your lasteParliament held at Westminster in the third year of your most noble Reign, among other things, it was agreed and enacted by an Act made and granted to the wardens and fellowship of the Corpus Christi to have search for certain causes in the said Act, largely named and expressed, for ledder:\n\nThat no stranger alien not born within your Realm of England, Ireland, Wales, Calais, or the marches of the same, dwelling within any franchised place or places within the precincts of the said City of London and suburbs, should buy or cause to be bought to his or their use any ledder or wares in any secret place, but only in the open market where it should be seen, assessed, sealed, and able to be good and sufficiently tanned and cured. And also that the wardens of the Corpus Christi, their successors, and assigns should have search in the craft and brotherhood of the Trinity aforesaid, as well in France, for ledder.places as in any other place for all manner of such ledger or ware in sufficiently tanned, sealed, and corried as often as they think convenient. And the same ledger found insufficient to be forfeited with other penalties, as stated in the said Act, let it be remitted and expressed the making of which statute many and the most part of all your said poor orators have fallen into great decay and poverty by the means of which statute, the craft of Coriors wrongfully compels your said poor orators, strangers born under the dominion of the emperor, and the prince of Castile, to buy their ledger and wares from them and no one else, except their own price, without any right or conscience. Inasmuch as by the above-named Act, your poor orators, strangers, may not buy red ledger as they were accustomed to do before the making of the said statute, but it must be corried. And so, if the said ledger is unlawfully dressed or corried, all fault returns to your said poor orators.Whereas before, they bought both red lead and other [things], and saw that it should be sufficiently carried and dressed ordeals to be forfeited. Therefore, your said Orators may not please and serve your lords, states, and commons of this your realm as they were accustomed to do in times past before the making of the said Act. For it is openly known that the said warden and craft of Corours daily sell the best leather in gross to merchants, strangers, Italians, and other persons. Thus, your poor orators are compelled to take and buy from them unlawful leather in retail or hides in gross with overchargeable prices due to a lack of a due order and provision, for the most comfort and relief of the said brotherhood and the felicity of the blessed Trinity. It will please your said highnesses and the spiritual and temporal lords, and the Commons in this your present Parliament assembled, therefore, that it may be ordained, enacted, and established by the authority of the same, that from:It is fitting for all persons, strangers and otherwise, in the fellowship of the Blessed Trinity, to buy in England, with a four-named guild, all manner of red lead or other lead, corned or uncorned, at open markets and fairs, sufficiently worked, assayed, and sealed, in all places, franchised or unfanchised, as they have done and occupied in times past before the making of the aforementioned Act in the third year of your reign, without any hindrance, interruption, and trouble from any person or persons according to the old usage and custom.\n\nProvided that this present Act does not extend to any other person but such as are of the said brotherhood, and to all others.Persons born under the Emperor and the king of Castile.\nProvided that this act shall not extend to give any person born out of the king's obedience liberty to buy any untanned or unsufficiantly tanned leather.\nProvided furthermore that no person born out of the king's obedience, by color of this act, shall have authority to buy any leather anywhere but only in open markets and fairs.\nProvided also that no person, by color of this Act, shall have authority to buy or sell any leather within the City of London, except if either the buyer or seller is a freeman of the said City according to ancient customs and liberties of the said City, and according to diverse statutes in that case made and provided, except only in St. Bartholomew's fair.\nProvided also that this Act shall not extend to take away or minimize any power or authority given by the said former statute to the wardens of the fishery of Corios and to their successors for debt.Search for violations by them and their deputies in any place or on any person for leading unsufficiently dressed, wrought, tanned, or unsealed, or in the execution of such penalties as are contained in the said former act and statute for the punishment of such defects that shall be discovered by the said search.\nProvided also that no person born out of the king's obedience may have authority by reason of this act to begin any new market within St. Martin's the Grant of London or in any other franchised place, but shall only be allowed to buy in such markets that have been of old time accustomed. Where it has pleased the king's highness of his mere motion and most abundant grace to grant to every of his subjects a general pardon, by his letters patent to be obtained upon and concerning all and singular Articles contained and specified in a bylaw signed with his most gracious hand and delivered and remaining in the custody of his Chancellor of England for the warrant for the same.enacted by our sovereign lord the king with the assent of the spiritual and temporal lords, and the Commons in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, that all and every of the king's subjects who at any time hereafter shall sue for any of the said pardons shall have the advantage and benefit of the same pardon in all and every of the king's courts to them allowed, without writ or writs of allowance thereupon to be made or sued, the same person or persons paying only such fees as well for sealing as other duties in the king's chancery. And all other the king's courts as shall be ordered, assigned, limited, and appointed by our said sovereign lord or by such of his most honorable council as his highness shall name, and no more, neither other fees to be paid for the premises.\n\nFinis Anno Quinto.\n\nFirst an Act concerning Ministry of Justice to the king's subjects of his City of Turney.\nChapter 1.\nAn[An act for true making of clothes in Devon, called White Straits .II.\nAn act concerning white woolen clothes of 5 marks and under, which may be carried overseas unshorn .III.\nAn act for avoiding disputes in worsted .IIII.\nAn act concerning juries in London .V.\nAn act concerning Surgeons to be discharged of quests and other things .VI.\nAn act concerning Strangers for buying leather in open market .VII.\nAn act concerning the manner and form of Suit for the King's most gracious Letters of general pardon .VIII.\nExplicit Tabula.]", "creation_year": 1515, "creation_year_earliest": 1515, "creation_year_latest": 1515, "source_dataset": "EEBO", "source_dataset_detailed": "EEBO_Phase2"},
{"content": "\"The remorse of conscience. Here begins certain demonstrations from our Lord to all sinful persons with the Remorse of Man. Jesus confronts a man on his knees. Our gracious God most in magnificence. His mercyful eyes cast from heaven on thee. Seeing his creatures in deadly violence. He himself complains pitifully and ruthfully. Say, O man of intelligence, open thine eyes unto my call and cry, and tell me if I have done to thee the offense that thou forsakest my willingly. Man, such love I did take of thee. I created this world in seven days. Thou was the last thing that I made. Because I would thee want for nothing. What thing could help thee not lack. If it were sought at thy need, I gave thee fish, a foul fish, for thy sake. For thy comfort, all was brought forth. More over I gave thee that dignity and free will. Me to serve that thou shouldst see. To choose the good and leave the evil.\"I ask for nothing but to love your sovereign as it is skill, but you take no heed of this, you turn from me unkindly. Your love is ungenerous, your heart does not behold heaven so high. For all the goods I have sent, it does not once say thank you. In time to come or if you repent, man makes amends or that you die, remorse of conscience. A Christian soul conceived in sin, received in conscience thus complaining, he fell down flat with bitter din, and said, \"Lord, mercy, sovereign king.\" I, most unkind wretch of mankind, I know I am your traitor untrue in my living. This wicked life that I live in, I may not hide it from your knowing. I want words and also wit to speak a cause, that I have thou given me, of your kindness without cause. Though I have grieved you and do yet, your benefits you withdraw not. I have deserved to have pitied hell, so have I lived against your law. But Lord, you know man's frailty, how fragile it is and has been always.For the soul has its likeness,\nMan is but a foolish earth and clay,\nConceived in sin and wretchedness,\nAnd the soul rebels always.\nFirst, a man grows like grass,\nAnd wastes away like flowers or hay,\nSince man is so frail a thing,\nAnd thy power so great in kind,\nThis world is but a twinkling,\nThou mayst destroy the might of the foe,\nWith thy right lordly mercy,\nAnd to my sore salvation thou send.\nSore repentant am I of my misdoing,\nMercy, Lord, I will amend,\nIf thou wilt grant me leave to make,\nGive thine alms of thine own goods,\nAnd let no man work for vengeance,\nAgainst any other man's moods,\nIf thou untruly from any take,\nAnd therewith find forty their foods,\nSuch sacrifice I forsake,\nThey are to me as sour as wormwood.\nThou oppressest the poor people,\nWith subtleties and wiles many one,\nThou makest churches and sing mass,\nThou mendest ways where men have gone astray,\nAnd some men curse and some men bless,\nWhich shall I here of these two?\nI will have thy grace as I guess.Let all falseness flee from thee,\nThe moths that destroy thy clothes,\nAnd thou lettest poor men go bare.\nThy drink sours and poisons thy food,\nWith which the poor man might well fare.\nThe rust that thy silver frets,\nThy goods that have been ill-gotten are,\nThey cry for vengeance greatly.\nThe foolishness of spilling yet I spare,\nWith honesty here against the right,\nFrom thy servants on the cry.\nThou oftentimes hast held me in high regard,\nThou wouldst amend and leave folly,\nThou speakest fair both day and night,\nThou breakest my commands continually,\nYet it is loathsome to me to fight with thee,\nBut make amends or thou shalt die,\nSweet lord, I may not speak against thee,\nI have not held myself in high esteem,\nI grieve greatly every day,\nI do not act as I promised,\nI would do well but alas,\nWith enemies I am ever beset,\nWhen my soul longs to pay,\nMy flesh is first to hold me back,\nAnd ever the father that I have fed,\nEver the fresher it is, my foe.\nYet bear it about I must endure,\nIt is very weak, it will slowly kill me.The world the devil the flesh they bid\nSome with well and some with woo\nWhat may I do with a wicked weed\nTo fight against three enemies so\nWhen I enforce myself otherwhile\nAnd think I will live a true life\nAnd forsake all battles and giles\nThe world bids me believe in battle\nAnd but I will use wrath and wiles\nThe coming voice is I shall not yield\nSome scorn me and smile at me\nAnd count me but a kind captive\nBut now I think withstanding this\nTo forsake falseness without end\nAnd restore that I took amiss\nAnd pay my debts fairly and honestly\nAnd reward each man his\nAs reason is then will I spend\nAnd give my alms where they need are\nMercy, Jesus, I will amend\nMan, I have sent the kindly sight\nAnd understanding shall and can\nTo rule yourself by reason right\nAs rehearses holy write\nThat clearly shows the godly light\nHow thou shouldst deadlessly sin forsake\nAnd on that manner thou shalt please me.Fish/beasts/and birds of the air,\nThese seem lovely to see,\nThat thing which perishes and appears,\nTo your sight, thus pleasing be,\nWell may you write, I am fair,\nOf whom each thing has this beauty,\nBut man, as you witless are,\nYou look always downward as a beast,\nIt behooves you to hear,\nFoul speaking is to thee a feast,\nI comfort thee, I make the cheer,\nAnd you in wardly love me least,\nI call you to me year by year,\nYou will not come at my request,\nAs from your foe you flee from me,\nI follow thee fast and on the cry,\nYou wrap yourself with all vanities,\nAnd think my speech to thee but folly,\nAnd a thing that nothing is, you will lose,\nMy joy that lasts endlessly,\nMan yet vices leave and virtues choose,\nAnd make amends or that you die,\nSweet Jesus, none answer I can,\nBut often cry mercy with heart stable,\nAlas for woe, why is a man,\nWorse than a beast, unreasonable,\nAll beasts signify that the world began,\nIn kindly working be durable,\nSave only I of will wane,\nThat do full many deeds damnable.I was made to know my maker,\nAnd to love him above all things,\nAnd I a sleeper, never waking,\nTo take kindly knowledge of my king,\nTo trifles have I been a great taker,\nA song of sorrow may I sing,\nFor had I been a sinner forsaker,\nOf Christ should I have had some knowing,\nMy ghostly eyes are full of lust,\nCursed covetousness has blinded me,\nThey are bloodshot with fleshly lust,\nThat heavenly king may I not see,\nBut Lord, though I have been unjust,\nThrough your benevolence I hope,\nTo rub away the rust,\nWith repentance and grace from you.\nAnd where I have before this,\nMy will in worldly things have spent,\nFrom henceforth my purpose is,\nYour law to learn to my life's end,\nThy. x. commandments truly I will,\nKeep them I will, my mind I'll bind,\nAnd there as I have done amiss,\nMercy, Jesus, I will amend,\nMan, if you will get my mercy,\nThrough my passion of most virtue,\nWhy do you cease not to scourge me,\nEvery day on the cross you do renew,\nWith deadly sin at morning meal,\nAs torturers to me untrue.And namely with your great oath, you will not shrink from anything. No compulsion from me or you, why do you speak evil against the good? By my soul, often have you sworn this. By my body and my blood, with your tongue you torment me when you are angry and almost in despair. Man, with your unkindness you do me more harm than they rent me on the cross. You have more pity for yourself if it hurts and causes a little bleeding. And all that I ever did, I suffered for your misdeeds. When you are taught that you should swear only when necessary, you scorn those who say so. You take no heed of my bidding. Loud lies you make against me sometimes to win a half penny. When you take me as a witness and yet for swearing you do not forsake. But in vain and falsely you swear to me. When you do this, you bring harm upon yourself. Man, make amends or else you will die. Sweet Jesus, how should I again say this, but that I am a captive and more cursed. That I do undergo the curse every day.With great oaths and works worst of all,\nAnd much more grievous than they,\nOn Calvary that flew first,\nFor had they known that thou art God omnipotent,\nThou art worthy to be shown reverence.\nHow mayst thou, Lord, suffer to move\nOf the traitors that inflicted torment,\nIt is a marvel I do not misconceive,\nOr am not killed / drowned / or burned,\nThe earth opened and swallowed quickly,\nSatan and Abaddon for their sin,\nAnd as I believe they were never so wicked,\nAs most certain men now die,\nIndeedly sinful men die thick and fast,\nDisease brings great suffering now,\nYet in my sin I stand and persist,\nEvil custom is very hard to extinguish,\nI would be wanton and do evil,\nBut I would not reprove myself,\nBut let me live according to my will,\nThis was pleasing some time I thought,\nBut now I see that it is folly,\nMan does penance while thou art,\nLest suddenly I take vengeance,\nBid,\nFor I would that thou do penance,\nMan, I am always more ready,\nTo forgive thy misgovernance,\nWhen thou hast made trial of all thy friends,\nThou shalt find none like unto me.Thou wilt amend oftentimes thou say,\nAgain, amends no man may,\nDo true penance and I am paid,\nFrom endless pain to make thee free,\nFor thy love my life I laid,\nWhat friend should have done so for thee,\nWith sorrowful heart thy sin thou shrive,\nAnd make amends to thine enemy,\nIf thou thus leave thy wicked life,\nI will be therof glad truly,\nThink oftentimes of love's wine,\nAnd turn not to thy sin again,\nLet no despair down the drive,\nThink on Peter and Magdalen,\nMan wipe away thy wickedness,\nAnd keep my bidding by and by,\nAnd thou shalt have in my presence,\nWorship without vanity,\nNo poverty but all riches,\nHealth, strength, & wisdom truly,\nThou shalt be full of all sweetness,\nAnd then to live and never more die,\nGrant mercy, Ihesu, crop and rot,\nOf all friendship for in none fails,\nAyen,\nBut as often as I evil ail,\nI will fall down flat to thy foot,\nTo help me in ghostly battles,\nNow I know where I shall hide,\nWhen I am stirred to any sin,\nIn the great wound of thy right side.And be truly hidden therein,\nAs in a tower there may I abide,\nFor all you find can me imagine,\nFor this wide world, there is sovereign medicine,\nThere may no despair make me care,\nWho have of their angels so good,\nTo keep me from myself,\nAnd thy mildest mother,\nLord, send us thy wounds then,\nAnd then of mercy we may not miss,\nAnd then to help Christian men,\nNow Jesus, Lord, thou us wise,\nThat we with thee may abide in bliss,\nIn joy and bliss without end,\nThat to thy people ordained is,\nThat leave sin and them amend,\nAMEN.", "creation_year": 1515, "creation_year_earliest": 1515, "creation_year_latest": 1515, "source_dataset": "EEBO", "source_dataset_detailed": "EEBO_Phase2"},
{"content": "Commissioners for our sovereign lord King Henry VIII, who is now by his letters patent assigned and deputed for the ordering and assessing of every person dwelling, residing, or having their innermost residence in or the said City of London, charged and contributing to a Subsidy granted to our said sovereign lord by authority of his Parliament last held at Westminster to A.B.\n\nPlease present the following goods and chattels movable at the utmost of every person, whose name you shall certify to us at the said day and place. And which of them are born within the king's obedience, and which of them are aliens born outside the king's obedience, according to the tenor and effect of the Articles hereafter specified and declared indifferently as near as you can, by your discretions, and after your conscience, by way of search, demanding of questions or otherwise you can or may.First, you shall certify in one article by itself the names and surnames of every person, man or woman, fifteen years or above, and with whom of the said persons they live in household, and not having lands, tenements, services, annuities, fees, offices, or corrodies to their proper use to the yearly value of 20s., nor goods and chattels movable to the value of 40s., nor begging, nor living only by alms or charity, nor woman without a husband, nor taking wages or profits for wages to the value of 20s., or above. And also the names and surnames of every person taking wages or profits for wages to the value of 20s., or above, and then the value of each such person in any place or places within this Realm of England.\n\nAlso in the same article to certify the names and surnames of every person, man or woman, fifteen years or above.Persons holding lands or tenements, rents, services, annuities, fees, offices, or corrodies to their own use, to the annual value of less than 20 shillings, nor having movable goods and chattels to the value of less than 40 shillings, nor being beggars nor living only by alms of charity nor taking wages or profits for wages to the value of less than 20 shillings, nor women having husbands. And also the names and surnames of every such person taking wages or profits for wages to the value of 20 shillings or above, And to what value each such person takes by the year in wages or profits for wages, And with which of the said persons they dwell or are in household, And that you certify by your said writing which of the said persons are born under the king's obedience, And which are born out of the king's obedience, both masters and all others above specified.In this article, the names and surnames of every person being within the said ward, dwelling, abiding, or having their most residence in or to the said Parishes, and being of the age of fifteen years or above, having no profits of lands, tenements, or other (premises) to the yearly value of 20s, nor goods and chattels movable to the value of 40s, nor being a beggar, nor a woman living only by alms or charity.", "creation_year": 1515, "creation_year_earliest": 1515, "creation_year_latest": 1515, "source_dataset": "EEBO", "source_dataset_detailed": "EEBO_Phase2"},
{"content": "[Pope Leo X's coat of arms: Madonna and Child]\n[Pope Leo X, Giovanni de' Medici: depiction of the Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ]\n[King Henry VIII's coat of arms: crowned, with an angel on either side]\nPope Leo X considers the case of John Busset and Richard Busset.", "creation_year": 1515, "creation_year_earliest": 1515, "creation_year_latest": 1515, "source_dataset": "EEBO", "source_dataset_detailed": "EEBO_Phase2"}
]