[
{"source_document": "", "creation_year": 1936, "culture": " English\n", "content": "Produced by Ren\u00e9 Anderson Benitz, David Starner, and the\n                           under Hapsburg Misrule\n              _A Study of the Ideals and Aspirations of the\n                 Bohemian and Slovak Peoples as Related\n                  to and Affected by the European War_\n\u201cThe story is both argument and appeal. As argument, it reveals that\nBohemian character, citing the place of Bohemia in the art of citizenship,\nin the power of self-control, in its national ideals, in its policies of\naccommodation to the plans of neighboring states, in its contribution to\nthe world of creative arts, and in its personal views of national duty and\nresponsibility. As appeal it enumerates, point by point, the injustice of\nmany years of Hapsburg rule, and sets out in clear light the many reasons\nwhy the Bohemians deserve freedom.\u201d\n[Illustration:\n                          THE COVNTRYE SCITVATION,\n                    _the name and nature of the people_\n                        AND COMPENDIOVSLY CONTINV\u012aG\n                _the Historie from the from the begining of_\n                         the Nation to their first\n                          Christian Prince about\nThe History of Bohemia\nHarleian MS., British Museum. The earliest story of the nation in English,\nwritten by an unknown author, presumably in the first quarter of the\nseventeenth century]\n           _A finding list of writings in English relating to\n                        ANNA VOSTROVSK\u00dd \u010cAPEK\n                       Fleming H. Revell Company\n                       FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY\n                       Chicago: 17 North Wabash Ave.\n                       London: 21 Paternoster Square\n                       Edinburgh: 75 Princes Street\n     VI. DICTIONARIES. GRAMMARS. INTERPRETERS                         72\n     IX. FOLK AND FAIRY TALES. MYTHOLOGY. LEGENDS                     83\n    XII. JOHN HUS. JEROME OF PRAGUE. UNITED BRETHREN. MORAVIANS      108\n  XXIII. TRAVEL. DESCRIPTION. GEOGRAPHY                              187\n   XXIV. BOHEMIA IN BRITISH STATE PAPERS AND MANUSCRIPTS             194\n  Protest against the burning of John Hus                             40\n  Why the Bohemian Estates rejected Ferdinand                         70\n  Why Frederick accepted the Bohemian Crown                           80\n  Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia                                  90\n  Unjust Mandates against the Bohemians                              100\n  Komensk\u00fd\u2019s first work translated into English                      120\n  Komensk\u00fd\u2019s History of Bohemian Persecution                         130\n  Wenceslaus Hollar\u2019s Memorial Tablet                                160\n  Sir John Bowring\u2019s Bohemian Anthology                              170\nNOTE ON BOHEMIAN PRONUNCIATION\nA noted authority has said that \u201cno other modern language can translate\nthe ancient classics so readily, and yet so completely and forcibly as the\nBohemian.\u201d\nThe Bohemian is the most developed of the Slavic tongues. Consistently a\nphonetic tongue, it is pronounced as it is written.\nThe vowels are pronounced as in Italian.\nInvariably the accent falls on the first syllable, irrespective of the\nlength of the word.\nBefore Hus\u2019s time Bohemian orthography resembled somewhat that of the\npresent day Polish. By introducing the diacritic mark, the reformer did\naway with groups of consonants such as cs, cz.\nThe diacritic mark occurs on the following letters: \u00e1, \u00e9, \u010d, \u010f, \u00ed, \u0148, \u0159,\n\u0161, \u0165, \u00fa, \u016f, \u00fd, \u017e. \u010e and \u00f3 are used least of all. The mark tends alike to\nsoften and shade the sound of the letter.\n  \u00e1 is pronounced long as in darling.\n  \u00e9 as a in care.\n  \u011b as ye in yellow.\n  \u010d as ch in cherry.\n  \u00ed and \u00fd as ee in tree.\n  \u0148 as \u00f1 in ca\u00f1on.\n  \u0159 is thought to be unpronounceable by a non-Bohemian.\nThe Germans taunt the Bohemians with the \u0159. The rsh in Pershing approaches\nthe sound though it does not quite express it.\n  \u0161 as sh in shall.\n  \u00fa and \u016f long as in rule.\n  \u017e as in j in the French word jour.\n  ch as in the Scottish loch.\nINTRODUCTORY\nIt sounds incredible, yet it is literally true, that every Slavic nation\nwas, before the war, and probably still is, better known to the English\nspeaking people than the Bohemians (\u010cechs). What is the reason? That the\nBohemians, who are the most literate of all the Slavs, have remained\nundiscovered may be attributed to three main causes: They are not a free\nnation. They are a landlocked nation. They are rated a small nation.\nThe opportunities which a seacoast offers to a people, to mention the\nDutch, Irish, Belgians, Norwegians, Swedes and Danes, all of whom are\nnumerically smaller than the Bohemian-Slovaks are inestimable. In the\nforum of world\u2019s commerce and politics, the sea is their powerful sponsor.\nTo a landlocked people this great boon is denied. Inland nations may reach\nthe outside world through an intermediary only, and if that intermediary\nhappens to be a powerful and ungenerous state, the policy of which is to\nkeep its little neighbor in the background, the consequences are obvious.\nThat there live in Central Europe Teutons and none others but Teutons was\nbeing daily demonstrated to the Americans by a most convincing proof.\nAlmost every box of merchandise shipped here from that part of the world\nbore the tell-tale mark \u201cMade in Germany.\u201d Rarely one saw at the terminals\ngoods labelled \u201cMade in Austria,\u201d and rarer still, \u201cMade in Bohemia.\u201d And\nyet many an article of merchandise thus marked was really made in Bohemia,\nfor parts of Bohemia teem with all kinds of wonderful industries.\nBecause of centuries of political and economic subjection, the very\nexistence of the nation has been lost sight of by the Anglo-Saxons. In\nthe interval between the catastrophal defeat of the Bohemians in 1620 and\n1848, the year of revolutionary changes, nothing has occurred in Bohemia\nto attract the attention of the world to the Bohemian nation. The Seven\nYears\u2019 War, and later the Napoleonic Wars, were events that concerned not\nBohemia as an independent state, but the whole of the Hapsburg Empire. The\nRussians acquired renown in the first quarter of the nineteenth century\nby their defeat of Napoleon. Later, during the Crimean War, Russia again\ncame into prominence in the Anglo-American press. Kosciuszko and Pulaski\nwere names to be conjured with by the Polish immigrant. The uprisings\nin 1830 and in 1863 made sufficiently known to the Americans the ideals\nand the miseries of Poland. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877 and the Berlin\nCongress following it made the English reader familiar with the geography\nand political ambitions of the Balkan Slavs. The Serbs, the Bulgars,\nthe Montenegrines were successively introduced to the newspaper man\nand through him to the public at large. Alone the Bohemians remained\nundiscovered, unknown.\nBefore the war the average reader did not know where Bohemia was located\nwith respect to Austria-Hungary. That ethnically, there might be a\ndifference between a \u010cech, Hungarian and an Austrian he suspected, yet it\nwas not wholly clear to him wherein the dissimilarity lay. One could cite\ncountless instances of astonishing naivet\u00e9 concerning the history of the\nnations which inhabit central and southeastern Europe. Four years ago a\njournalist and a writer who served on the western front in the capacity of\na war correspondent made the astounding discovery that \u201cthe ancient Czech\n(Bohemian) language still continues to be spoken in Prague.\u201d It would no\ndoubt amuse a Dutchman to read that \u201cDutch is still spoken in Amsterdam\u201d;\nyet transpose Dutch for Bohemian and Prague for Amsterdam and the analogy\nis precise. When one remembers with what fine scorn an American looked\ndown upon that corner of Europe, which in his opinion exhibited altogether\ntoo many superfluous boundary dots, one begins to realize what thankless,\nalmost futile task it was to talk to him of the trials, ambitions and\ntriumphs of the Bohemian O\u2019Connells, Emmets, Shelleys, Macauleys and\nHallams. With the rest, the Bohemians had to pay the penalty of being\nthought a small nation.\nAgain there are the Bohemians and bohemians and how to differentiate\nbetween the two is still a puzzle to a considerable portion of the public.\nAre all the Bohemians artists, who \u201csecede from conventionality in life\nand art\u201d? That even cultured--let us not hope educated--Americans and\nEnglishmen entertain the weird notion that there exists some distant\nrelationship between Bohemians, bohemians and gypsies, is, alas, too\ntrue. In the novel _Strathmore_, Louise de la Ram\u00e9e (Ouida) for instance,\nasserts quite seriously that gypsies in Bohemia have Slavonic features,\nthat their language is a dialect of the Bohemian and that the \u201clawless,\nvagrant, savage race\u201d is a Slavic tribe domiciled in Bohemia.\nNot a few are misled by the term Czech, thinking it probably signifies\na people other than the Bohemians. A New York paper, in enumerating the\ndisaffected races of Austria-Hungary, named the Bohemians _and_ the\nCzechs. This is precisely like saying Yankees _and_ Americans or Germans\n_and_ Teutons, for, as informed readers are aware Bohemians and the Czechs\nare one and the same.[1]\n  [1] The race name of the Slavic inhabitants of Bohemia in the native\n  language is _\u010cech_ (singular), _\u010cechov\u00e9_ (plural). The country is called\n  _\u010cechy_. _\u010cech_ is pronounced nearly like Chech (the last ch as in the\n  Scottish loch). The use of the form Czech should be discouraged, inasmuch\n  as it wholly fails to bring out the proper sound. The _Cambridge Modern\n  History_, a distinguished work, adheres consistently to the spelling\n  \u010c-e-c-h.\nOf the continental nations, Germany excepted, the French were the first\nto look inquiringly into the queer Austrian household. No doubt they\nwere led to study Slavic Austria largely because of their alliance with\nRussia and because of their historical friendship for the Poles. Due to\nthe labor of three pioneers, Saint-Ren\u00e9 Taillandier (1817-1879), Louis\nLeger (1843-) and Ernest Denis (1849-) _La Nation Tch\u00e8que_ is no longer\nunknown in France. Other and younger Frenchmen,--to name one, Andr\u00e9\nCh\u00e9radame, the author of the widely quoted volume, _The Pangerman Plot\nUnmasked_,--continue the apostolary work in France; but Taillandier, Leger\nand Denis will always be honored as the pioneers of this propaganda. Of\nthe trio, Ernest Denis, Professor of the Sorbonne, stands closest to\nthe Bohemian heart. Denis\u2019 monumental researches, _Huss et la Guerre\ndes Hussites_, _La Boh\u00eame depuis la Montagne Blanche_, and _Fin de\nl\u2019ind\u00e9pendance Boh\u00eame_, when published, may be said to have caused a\nsensation. Unhampered by the censor, Denis was able to bring out facts\nof Bohemia\u2019s past which were a revelation to the Bohemians themselves.\nThe Anglo-Saxon who visited the Hapsburg dominions thirty or forty years\nago was yet unable to see anything but Teuton Austria; that is to say, he\nlooked at Bohemia and the other Austrian states wholly from the official\nviewpoint of Vienna.\nAs a sample of the notions of Bohemia and the \u010cechs professed in America\nand England a generation ago, suffice it to cite a passage or two from\nBayard Taylor\u2019s _Views A-Foot_, or _Europe seen with Knapsack and Staff_:\n\u201cThe very name of Bohemia is associated with wild and wonderful legends,\nof the rude barbaric ages. The civilized race, the Saxon race, was left\nbehind; I saw around me the features and heard the language of one of\nthose rude Slavonian tribes whose original home was on the vast steppes\nof Central Asia(!)\u201d Again: \u201cIn passing the shrines by the wayside, the\npoor degraded peasants always uncovered or crossed themselves, but it\nappeared to be rather the effect of habit than any good impulse for the\nBohemians are noted all over Germany for their dishonesty....\u201d\nTaylor\u2019s grossly distorted appraisal of Bohemia was not shared by Henry\nWadsworth Longfellow, as appears from the following lines by the famous\nAmerican poet:\n   \u201cHold your tongues! both\n    Swabian and Saxon,\n    A bold Bohemian cries;\n    If there\u2019s a heaven upon this earth,\n    In Bohemia it lies.\u201d\nOvernight the Great War has changed many a wrong notion. \u201cTime changes\nall, and by time is truth to victory guided; what in their errors the\nyears planned, in a day is o\u2019erthrown,\u201d prophetically sings John Koll\u00e1r,\nthe great Slovak poet. Following the example of the French, several\nEnglish and American writers, Henry Wickham Steed, R. W. Seton-Watson and\nWill S. Monroe among them, have in recent years paid visits to Bohemia,\nand the result is both surprising and gratifying. It is certain that, once\naroused, Anglo-Saxon curiosity will not abate until it has learned all\nabout Bohemia, even though the knowledge obtained may disagree with the\nAlice in Wonderland tales that have been related in Vienna to the old\ntime British and American travelers.\nA new development in the study of Bohemia and her people by foreigners\nmay be said to date from the time the dual system of government was\nintroduced (1867). Until then the interest of scholars was confined wholly\nto historic and sectarian questions; from that time on, political and\nethnological issues began to engage their serious attention.\nThe present bibliography lists, besides books and pamphlets, magazine\narticles only; it does not pretend to register items appearing in the\nweekly, much less in the daily press. To attempt the latter would be\nbeyond the scope and purpose of the catalogue. Exceptions to the rule have\nbeen made in favor of articles bearing the signature of authors who are\nknown to be especially qualified to discuss the subjects selected by them.\nScarcely a book has been written on Austria or the Slavs which does not,\ndirectly or indirectly, discuss Bohemia and the \u010cechs. The catalogue\ncannot take cognizance of such publications, although, in this respect\nalso, the rule has been relaxed and books have been indexed, dealing\nbroadly with Austria and the Slavs. Colquhoun\u2019s _The Whirlpool of Europe:\nAustria-Hungary and the Hapsburgs_, Steed\u2019s _The Hapsburg Monarchy_ and\nSeton-Watson\u2019s _German, Slav, and Magyar_ may be cited as typical examples\nof these publications.\nQuite correctly the spelling of proper names, though obsolescent, has\nbeen left undisturbed. The Bohemians spell Hus, not Huss; \u017di\u017eka, not\nZisca. Comenius is a Latinized form dating back to an age when it was the\ncustom to Latinize one\u2019s surname; the real name is Komensk\u00fd and Bohemian\nhistory knows the educator by this name only.\nThe authors have availed themselves of the skilled services of Leonard\nC. Wharton, who was asked to look into the rare Bohemica preserved in\nthe British Museum. Mr. Wharton performed this part of the work with\npainstaking care.\nMany of the seventeenth century items have been extracted from the\n_British Museum Catalogue of Printed Books_. _The Catalogue of the\nHarleian Manuscripts_ in the British Museum has yielded _The Historie\nof Bohemia_, written presumably in the first quarter of the seventeenth\ncentury. Items of minor value were obtained from the _State Papers of John\nThurloe_; the _Harleian Miscellany, or a collection of scarce, curious and\nentertaining Pamphlets and Tracts_; Robert Watts\u2019 _Bibliotheca Britannica,\nLiterature_ and the _Readers\u2019 Guide to Periodical Literature_.\nThe reader will probably agree with the present authors that but for\nBohemia\u2019s Protestant past, Anglo-American Bohemica would be practically\nnon-existent. Strip the source book of Hus, of the events which followed\nthe Reformation and the anti-Reformation, of the United Brethren and\ntheir alleged offspring, the Moravians, of Komensk\u00fd, and Bohemia would\nstand before the Anglo-American world like Cinderella from the fairy\ntale--unwritten about, still waiting to be discovered.\nThe bibliography proper is subdivided into twenty-two parts, a brief\nand relevant comment accompanying each part. The respective sub-titles\nare: Art, Bibliography, Biography, Bohemian Glass, Dictionaries, Drama,\nFiction, Folk and Fairy Tales, Guides, History, John Hus, John Amos\nKomensk\u00fd, Language and Literature, Miscellany, Music, Periodicals, Plans\nand Maps, Politics, Prague, Sociology and Economics, Sokols, Travel\nand Description. A separate chapter, entitled Bohemia in the British\nState Papers and Manuscripts, contains bibliographical extracts from\nthe _Calendar of State Papers_, the _Reports of the British Historical\nManuscripts Commission_, the _Reports of the Royal Commission on\nHistorical Manuscripts_, _Papal Registers_, etc.\nThe especial acknowledgments of the authors are due to Prof. Will\nS. Monroe, author of _Bohemia and the \u010cechs_, and to Mr. Leonard C.\nWharton of London. Prof. Monroe kindly read and compared with his own,\nthe bibliography on Komensk\u00fd. The material which Mr. Wharton has sent\nfrom England emphasizes anew the enthusiastic interest he takes in the\nlanguage, history and literature of the Bohemian people.\nART. Reference is made in this biographical manual to the work of three\nartists. The first is V\u00e1clav Holar of Pr\u00e1che\u0148, or Wenceslaus Hollar, as\nhis name was spelled in England. A Protestant exile, whom the edicts of\nanti-reformation had driven from his home, Hollar drifted to England,\nwhere he gained the reputation as the foremost etcher of his time.\nHis plates, which number about 2,400 pieces, are highly prized by art\ncollectors. \u201cHe drew plans, prospects and portraits; habits and dresses;\nchurches, monuments and antiquaries, or etched designs by famous Italian,\nGerman, Dutch and English masters, some done from the collection of King\nCharles I. and especially from those belonging to Thomas Earl of Arundel,\nwho brought Hollar to and supported him in England.\u201d (Vertue). Born in\n1607 in Prague, he was buried in St. Margaret\u2019s, Westminster, 28th of\nMarch, 1677. He showed the lasting attachment to his fatherland by signing\nmany of his works \u201cWenceslaus Hollar Bohemus.\u201d\n[Illustration: Anne of Bohemia (1366-1394)\nDaughter of Charles IV., wife of Richard II. of England]\nV\u00e1clav Bro\u017e\u00edk (1851-1901) was a noted painter of historic subjects. His\ngreatest picture is \u201cMaster John Hus condemned to death by the Council\nof Constance,\u201d now the property of the municipality of Prague. American\nart lovers will remember Bro\u017e\u00edk\u2019s \u201cDefenestration, or thrown from the\nwindow at Prague,\u201d exhibited at the Chicago World\u2019s Fair. The New York\nMetropolitan Museum of Art owns a large canvas by him, \u201cColumbus at the\nCourt of Ferdinand and Isabella.\u201d The Lenox Library (now the New York\nPublic Library) has \u201cRudolph II. in the Laboratory of his Alchymist,\u201d and\n\u201cThe Grandmother\u2019s Namesday.\u201d \u201cAs a historical painter, Bro\u017e\u00edk equals\nthe greatest by his breadth of conception, fine composition, strength of\nwork and dramatic effect.\u201d This is the estimate of the painter by Mr.\nLarroument, Secretary of the French _Acad\u00e9mie des Beaux Arts_. For his art\ngalleries in New York and Philadelphia, John Wanamaker purchased several\nof the artist\u2019s smaller themes, and from his executors the entire contents\nof his Paris studio, studies, sketches, antiques, draperies and hangings.\nAlfons M. Mucha, born in 1860 in Moravia, earned his spurs in Paris as\na poster artist. He is not unknown in the United States, having visited\nthis country on two or three occasions, working here as portraitist,\nillustrator and interior decorator. For several years he has been engaged\non a series of allegories intended to portray the historical development\nof the Slavs. When finished, the canvases are to be presented to the City\nof Prague as the gift of the well-known Slavophile, Charles R. Crane of\nChicago and New York.\nBIBLIOGRAPHY. So far as the writers know, no one has before this concerned\nhimself with a systematic compilation of a bibliography of this kind. The\nlate Herman Rosenthal, Director of the Slavonic Department of the New York\nPublic Library, is said to have been at work on a Slavic bibliography;\nbut his literary executors have not yet published it. Dr. A. Sum, member\nof the English Club in Prague, has taken more than a passing interest in\nEnglish Bohemica. The late Jeffrey D. Hrbek, an exceptionally gifted young\nman (see his biography published posthumously), prepared for the _Osv\u011bta\nAmerick\u00e1_ (1908) what was then considered to be a fairly exhaustive\nbibliography. The list mentions ninety volumes, many of them containing\nbut remote and irrelevant allusions to Bohemia. The bibliography appended\nto Miss Balch\u2019s _Our Slavic Fellow Citizens_ is quite considerable;\nhowever, this work treats not of Bohemians alone, but of all the Slavs,\nand, when the process of elimination is applied, it will be seen that the\npurely Bohemian share of reference books is small. Then there is Leonard\nC. Wharton\u2019s list, printed in the _Guide to the Kingdom of Bohemia_; this\ntakes notice of thirty-five items. As regards the Hus and the Moravian\nChurch literatures, Wm. Gunn Malin\u2019s catalogue is, without doubt, the\nrichest and the most valuable of all.\nBIOGRAPHY. Biographical material in the several encyclop\u00e6dias is meagre\nand perfunctory and what there is of it has been chiefly extracted\nfrom German lexicons. Count L\u00fctzow edited items on Bohemia for the\n_Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica_. J. J. Kr\u00e1l has written for _Johnson\u2019s Universal\nCyclop\u00e6dia_ short biographical sketches of several authors--Jungmann,\nKoll\u00e1r, N\u011bmcov\u00e1, Neruda and the Jire\u010deks among them. The _Biographical\nDictionary of the Library of the World\u2019s Best Literature_ contains the\nlives of some two dozen men of letters. Injudiciously the editor of the\n_Biographical Dictionary_ has included among Bohemian (\u010cech) writers\nCharles Sealsfield (pseudonym of Karl Anton Postl, by some written Postel)\nand Fritz Mauthner. While it is true that the first named was born in\nMoravia and the other in Bohemia, both Sealsfield and Mauthner were, as a\nmatter of fact, Germans.\nP. Selver in his _Anthology of Modern Bohemian Poetry_ gives, besides\nspecimens of their verse, an illuminating account of the lives of a number\nof poets. The biographies of the literary workers of old Bohemia are\ntreated adequately in L\u00fctzow\u2019s _History of Bohemian Literature_.\nNo \u010cech has been more written about than Hus; and, incidentally, none\nhas shed greater lustre on his native land than he. Every volume dealing\nwith the causes and effects of the Reformation necessarily considers\nHus\u2019s part therein. Associated with Hus usually appears the name of his\nfellow-martyr, Jerome of Prague.\nBiographies of Komensk\u00fd are not wanting, for which thanks are due\nprincipally to educators the world over, who regard Komensk\u00fd\u2019s writings as\nmilestones in the progress of education.\nMusic, speaking as it does a language which is universally understood,\nhas granted a passport to Anton Dvo\u0159\u00e1k and in a lesser degree to Bed\u0159ich\nSmetana and Zd\u011bnek Fibich.\nThe interested public will find many portraits and life sketches in\nVicker\u2019s, Gregor\u2019s, Maurice\u2019s and Monroe\u2019s volumes. Some have been\npublished in _The Bohemian Voice_; however, complete files of this\nmagazine are now exceedingly rare.\nBOHEMIAN GLASS is renowned everywhere for its excellence and beauty.\nThe industry is an old one and there are some two thousand shops and\nfactories in the country engaged in the making of it. As an export article\nBohemian glass constitutes a major item.\nDICTIONARIES. GRAMMARS. INTERPRETERS. Adolf William Straka, (died in\nLondon in 1872), a political exile, who lived for years in England,\nbecoming a British subject, was the first to write an _English Bohemian\nGrammar_. It was printed in Prague in 1862.\nThe first English Bohemian dictionary, by Charles Jon\u00e1\u0161, was published\nin Racine, Wisconsin. Before emigrating to the United States in 1863,\nJon\u00e1\u0161 spent some time in London. In the English metropolis he associated\nwith Straka and the inference is that the author of the _English Bohemian\nGrammar_ inspired a liking for lexicographical work in his younger\nfellow-exile.\nCharles Jon\u00e1\u0161, the \u201cfirst Bohemian in America\u201d was born in 1840 and died\nabroad in 1896 while serving the United States in the capacity of Consul.\nHe was buried in Prague, \u201cin the land he loved above all else.\u201d Although\nhe was not a philologist by training, having studied in a technological\ninstitute, he plunged courageously into lexicography. His introductory\nwork was the _Bohemian English Interpreter_ (1865), followed by the\n_Dictionary of the English and Bohemian Languages_ (1876). Like every\ninitial effort, the dictionary was deficient in many respects. Each\nsucceeding edition, however, was improved and amplified, so that now\nJon\u00e1\u0161\u2019 dictionaries compare favorably with like German publications.\nOther American Bohemians have achieved political distinction in the\nUnited States (Jon\u00e1\u0161 was successively State Senator, Lieutenant Governor\nof Wisconsin and U. S. Consul at Prague), yet Jon\u00e1\u0161 the journalist, Jon\u00e1\u0161\nthe author, Jon\u00e1\u0161 the politician had not, in the estimation of pioneer\nimmigrants, an equal among his American co-nationals.\nF. B. Zdr\u016fbek\u2019s _Anglick\u00e1 mluvnice_ (1870) is the earliest publication\nof its kind in America. Crude typographically and faulty textually, the\nvolume is a compliment neither to the printer nor to the author. Jon\u00e1\u0161 and\nZdr\u016fbek, one will observe, worked along parallel lines. This is explained\nby the circumstance that the two men were attached to two rival newspaper\nand printing concerns--Jon\u00e1\u0161 to the weekly _Slavie_ published in Racine,\nand Zdr\u016fbek to the daily _Svornost_ of Chicago.\nF. B. Zdr\u016fbek, for over thirty years editor of the Chicago _Svornost_,\nand one of the leaders of the Bohemian rationalists in the United States,\nwas born in 1842 and died in Chicago in 1911. He took a course first in a\nCatholic, then in a Protestant theological seminary. Convinced that \u201cas\na minister of the gospel he could not make an honorable living unless\nhe chose to make of his vocation a vulgar traffic and practiced from\nthe pulpit pious extortion,\u201d as he wrote in his autobiography, he gave\nup the ministry and devoted himself to journalism. Most prolific of all\nthe American Bohemian men of letters, Zdr\u016fbek was in fact not a creative\nwriter but a translator. As a journalist he was distinctly commonplace.\nJaroslav J. Zmrhal, teacher in a Chicago school, has given the public in\nhis _Anglicky snadno ve t\u0159iceti \u00faloh\u00e1ch_, one of the best hand-books for\nthe learning of the English language thus far compiled. Zmrhal\u2019s method of\npronunciation is clearly an improvement over all previous books; certainly\nit is superior to Zdr\u016fbek\u2019s, who after all, possessed but a book knowledge\nof English.\nLast, but not least, is a comprehensive _U\u010debnice_ by F. Francl of New\nYork. Altogether it may be stated that grammars and interpreters by\nAmerican Bohemians who know alike the vocabulary and the spirit of the\nEnglish tongue, are more serviceable, if not wholly superior to most of\nthe \u201cEnglish Easy and Quick\u201d hand-books which have been published in\nPrague.\nThe most versatile linguist in Bohemia was Francis Vymazal (1841-1917),\nwho compiled a lengthy row of manuals of the \u201cEnglish at a glance\u201d type.\nVymazal\u2019s series includes the study of English, Bulgarian, Russian,\nFrench, Hebrew, Dutch, Latin, Magyar, German, Gypsy, Modern Greek, Polish,\nPortuguese, Rumanian, Slovak, Slovene, Serbo-Croatian, Old Greek, Spanish,\nTurkish and Italian. Owing to his manner of life and dress--he was not\nafraid to lead the life of a lowly proletarian--the people of Brno, in\nwhich city he lived and died, nicknamed him \u201cBohemian Diogenes.\u201d\nDRAMA. That the Poles and the Bohemians, two submerged nations, have each\ngiven to the American stage a tragic actress--the Poles Helena Modjeska,\nthe Bohemians Frances Janauschek--may and may not be accidental. Many\npeople have supposed Janauschek to be a German tragedienne, because in the\nearly years of her career, before she mastered the English language, she\nplayed in German, on the German stage. But she was of pure Bohemian stock,\nborn in Prague in 1830. By virtue of her long residence in America and her\ndevotion to and life-long association with the American stage, she was\nreally an American actress.\nFICTION. Translations from fiction are disappointingly few. Of course,\nthis is no evidence that Bohemia has no fiction writers; the truth is that\nshe has not found Isabella Hapgoods and Jeremiah Curtins to translate\nwhat she has. With one notable exception, Bo\u017eena N\u011bmcov\u00e1\u2019s _Babi\u010dka_,\nnothing worth note has been rendered into English from the prose. The\nstory _Maria Felicia_ by Karolina Sv\u011btl\u00e1, which an American Bohemian\nwoman has translated into English, is no more typical of Bohemia than it\nis of Finland, Spain or any other country. One should not only know how\nto translate, but, what is just as essential, what to translate. A. V.\n\u0160milovsk\u00fd, whose story, _Nebesa_, the Moureks translated, is a meritorious\nwriter, but by no means of the high type of Alois Jir\u00e1sek or Julius Zeyer.\nSeveral foreign writers of fiction have made use of a Bohemian theme\nmore or less successfully, the earliest of them being George Sand.\nUnfortunately Sand\u2019s Bohemians in _Consuelo_ and in its sequel _The\nCountess of Rudolstadt_, are about as real as Robinson Crusoe\u2019s Man\nFriday.\nFOLK AND FAIRY TALES. Karel Jarom\u00edr Erben (1811-1870), whose folk tales\nRev. Wratislaw translated into English, is recognized as an authority on\nfolk lore. \u201cIf Erben had left nothing else but his _Nosegay of National\nFolk Tales_, his name would always rank among Bohemian writers of the\nfirst magnitude,\u201d says a critic. Most of the writers of folk tales here\nlisted have borrowed from Erben.\nTHE GUIDE TO THE KINGDOM OF BOHEMIA, published in Prague in 1906, is\nprimarily intended to attract travelers to the ancient capital of the\ncountry; however, the information it contains is of interest alike to\ntravelers and to non-travelers.\nHISTORY. Probably the first instance in which the English and the\nBohemians came into contact with each other, although as foes on the\nfield of battle, occurred in 1346 at the battle of Cr\u00e9cy. Here fell,\nfighting on the side of the French, against the English, John of Luxemburg,\nthe blind King of Bohemia. King John\u2019s crest was three ostrich feathers\nand his motto \u201cI serve\u201d; which the Prince of Wales and his successors\nadopted in memorial of this great victory of the English.\nA more agreeable event in the relationship of England and Bohemia took\nplace thirty-six years later (1382), when Richard II. engaged himself to\nAnne of Luxemburg, the granddaughter of the very ruler whom the English\nhad fought at Cr\u00e9cy. The popular though erroneous belief is that through\nQueen Anne the writings of Wicliffe were introduced into Bohemia. In her\nreadable _Lives of the Queens of England_, Agnes Strickland devotes a few\nwarmly written pages to \u201cAnne of Bohemia, surnamed the Good, first Queen\nof Richard II.\u201d\nThe gallant knight, Sir Simon Burley, the English ambassador, was\ncharged with bringing Richard\u2019s bride from Prague to London. \u201cEngland\nwas to Bohemia a sort of terra incognita; and as a general knowledge of\ngeography and statistics was certainly not among the list of imperial\naccomplishments in the fourteenth century, the empress (Anne\u2019s mother)\ndespatched duke Primislaus of Saxony on a voyage of discovery, to\nascertain, for the satisfaction of herself and the princess what sort\nof country England might be.\u201d[2]\n  [2] Agnes Strickland: _Lives of the Queens of England_, v. 1, p. 592.\nEngland may have seemed an out of the way land to the Bohemians of old,\nyet the English people were by no means unknown to them. The fondness\nof the Bohemians for travel in foreign countries was well known.[3]\nThat entertaining compilation of wonder-stories comprised in _Sir John\nMandeville\u2019s Travels_ was translated at an early date into the national\nlanguage. Students from Bohemia were wont to go to the universities at\nOxford and Paris in order to broaden their education. Jerome of Prague is\nknown to have studied at Oxford. Like others of his countrymen he had been\ndrawn thither by the fame of Wicliff\u2019s name.\n  [3] See in History: Wratislaw\u2019s _Adventures_; \u0160a\u0161ek\u2019s _Diary of an\n  Embassy_. The Embassy which \u0160a\u0161ek describes was led by Leo z Ro\u017emit\u00e1lu\n  (Leo von Rosmital), a highly distinguished personage. The Embassy,\n  or mission, consisted of forty persons with fifty-two horses and a\n  Kamer-wagon and set out from Prague November 26, 1465. \u0160a\u0161ek (Shassek)\n  relates how, when the mission reached London (p. 430) \u201ccrowds assembled\n  in the streets to stare at these Bohemian Samsons and Absolons.\u201d In\n  London they remained for forty days, being feasted by the King and the\n  nobility. At Dunkirk they (the Bohemians) caught the first view of the\n  sea--Shakespeare\u2019s description of Bohemia in the _Winter\u2019s Tale_ as\n  \u201cdesert country near the sea\u201d to the contrary notwithstanding.\nMost readers will be surprised to learn that a Bohemian had been one\nof the torchbearers of Reformation in Scotland. The name of this minor\nreformer is Paul of Krava\u0159 or Crawar, as Scotch writers spell the name.\nAccording to Burton[4] \u201cCrawar was a German, believed to have come from\nBohemia to propose the doctrines that had been preached by John Hus and\nJerome of Prague. All that we are told of him personally is that he\nprofessed to be a physician, and to be traveling and visiting in the\npractice of his calling.\u201d Krava\u0159 was burned at St. Andrews, July 23, 1433,\nas a heretic Hussite. \u201cThe churchman who records his burning,\u201d relates\nBurton, \u201ctakes occasion to enlarge on the characteristics of Taborites\nand other Bohemian heretics.\u201d Lang[5] states that \u201che was an envoy of the\nHussite \u2018miscreants.\u2019 Lawrence of Lindores attacked him, but he found him\nwell read in scriptures.\u201d\n  [4] John Hill Burton: _The History of Scotland_, v. 3, p. 114. The lords\n  of Krava\u0159 were an ancient Bohemian family, who took a prominent part in\n  the affairs of their nation already in the thirteenth century. Certain\n  branches of the family were strong Hussite partisans.\n  [5] Andrew Lang: _History of Scotland, from the Roman Occupation_, v. 1,\n[Illustration: John Hus\nPortrait by Hans Holbein]\nAt no time before or after have the English taken a more genuine interest\nin Bohemia and her affairs than during the events which followed the\noutbreak of the Thirty Years\u2019 War. Their concern over what was happening\nin Bohemia at that time was due, mainly, to two reasons. The first was\nthat an Englishwoman, a daughter of the reigning family, had been elevated\nto the dignity of queen of that country. The second motive was a religious\none. Bohemia lay in the direct zone of the conflict raging between\nCatholicism and Protestantism and Protestant England could not but be\ngravely concerned over the fate of Protestant Bohemia. Money was collected\nand troops were raised to sustain the cause of the Stuart Queen in Prague\nand incidentally of Protestantism and it has been said that if James\nhad given his daughter the support which she and her husband expected\nfrom him, Bohemia\u2019s position might have been wholly different today.\nBut \u201cKing James,\u201d a historian tells us, \u201cnever stood greatly affected,\neither to this war, or to the cause thereof and thereupon some regiments\nof inexperienced volunteers going over, instead of a well composed army,\nit was one reason, among many others, that not only Bohemia, but the\nPalatinate were also lost....\u201d\nElizabeth graced the Bohemian throne only for a few months between\n1619-1620, but she insisted upon bearing the title of Queen of Bohemia\nto the end of her days (1596-1662). Likewise her husband, Frederick,\n(1596-1632) \u201cwas resolved to foregoe not the title of the King of Bohemia\nthat he hath allreadie gotten.\u201d\nAll Britain rejoiced when Elizabeth the \u201cPearl of the Stuarts\u201d was wedded\nto Frederick of the Palatinate. John Taylor, the Water-Poet, wrote a\npoem about the \u201cbeloved Marriage of the two peerelesse Paragons of\nChristendome.\u201d Historians have dutifully chronicled the event of \u201cthe\nmost blessed and happie marriage betweene the High and Mightie Prince\nFrederick the Fifth, Count Palatine of the Rhein, Duke of Bavier, etc. And\nthe most Vertvous, Gracious and thrice excellent Princesse, Elizabeth,\nSole Daughter to our dread Soueraigne, James by the grace of God, King of\nGreat Britaine, France and Ireland, etc., celebrated at White-Hall the\nfourteenth of Februarie, 1612.\u201d\nIn 1619, the Bohemian Protestant Estates deposed their King and offered\nthe crown to Frederick, in the hope that the \u201cKing of England would,\nout of his three kingdoms, send such a continued stock of men to the\nPalatinate, that the crown of Bohemia should be established on the head\nof the Elector Palatinate and that by no course sooner than by virtue\nof the English arms.\u201d\nWe read of the \u201cDeparture of the high and mightie Prince Frederick King\nElect of Bohemia: With his royall and vertuous Ladie Elizabeth: And the\nthryse hopefull yong Prince Henrie, from Heydelberg towards Prague, to\nreceive the Crowne of that Kingdome. Whereunto is annexed the Solempnitie\nor maner of the Coronation.\u201d\nOn another page the reader will find a quaint account of the coronation\nceremonies in Prague written by an eyewitness, presumably John Harrison.\nOn the 8th day of November, 1620, near Prague, on the slopes of the White\nHill (B\u00edl\u00e1 Hora), was fought a fateful battle between the Imperialists\n(Austrians) and the Bohemian Army.\nReferring to this catastrophal battle, which cost Bohemia her independence,\nSir Charles Montagu, English Ambassador stationed at Vienna wrote to his\nkinsman, Sir Edward Montagu: \u201cTo begin with the worst first, there is news\ncome now of more certain truth than heretofore from Bohemya, which is that\nthe King\u2019s army hath had a great overthrow, and Prage is lost, but the\nKing and Queen are at a strong place called Presslaw in Selecya, and the\nKing of Hungary and he have met and they both intend to raise a far greater\nforce to set on them (the Imperialists) suddenly; God give them better\nsuccess.\u201d\nThe King of Bohemia, as subsequent events proved, did not meet with better\nsuccess. In a day or two after that fatal 8th day of November, when\nBohemia was going to her destruction, he left Prague precipitately with\nhis queen, never to return to that capital....\nBohemian historians speak in terms of warm praise of Elizabeth, the\n\u201cWinter Queen,\u201d but their estimate of Frederick, \u201cFirst Prince of the\nImperiall bloud, sprung from glorious Charlemaigne,\u201d falls lamentably\nshort of the measure taken of him by the Bohemian Estates, as reprinted\non another page.\nConceivably for the \u201cWinter Queen\u2019s\u201d enlightenment, John Harrison, who\naccompanied the royal pair to Prague in the capacity of court chaplain,\nsketched the \u201cHistorie of Bohemia, the first parte describing the\nCountrye, Scituation, Climate, Commodities, the Name and Nature of the\nPeople and compendiously continuing the Historie from the beginning of\nthe Nation to the First Christian Prince, about the year of Christ 990.\u201d\nSpeaking \u201cin the name of all our exiled nation\u201d the Bohemian Church\nappealed for help \u201cto the lord protector, his highness council, and the\nparliament.\u201d[6]\n  [6] John Thurloe: _Collection of State Papers_, v. 2, p. 441.\nAs in the case of the Waldenses, Protector Cromwell ordered a national\nsubscription; and a handsome amount was collected during the spring of\n1658 to relieve the distress of Bohemian Protestants. Komensk\u00fd and his\nfellow exiles were invited to settle in Ireland, the Protector desiring to\nstrengthen the Protestant element there. The \u201cAct for the Satisfaction of\nAdventurers and Soldiers\u201d authorized \u201call persons of what nation soever\nprofessing the Protestant religion to rent or purchase forfeited lands,\u201d\nbut the Dutch, German and Bohemian emigrants whom this clause contemplated\nnever came.[7] Believing in the fulfillment of Drab\u00edk\u2019s false prophecy,\nthat the cause of Protestantism in Bohemia would prevail in the end and\nthat the exiles would yet return home in triumph, Komensk\u00fd hesitated to\naccept England\u2019s proffer.\n  [7] Charles Harding Firth: _The Last Years of the Protectorate,\n  1656-1658_. Also Vaughn: _Protectorate of Cromwell_, v. II, p. 447.\nProtestant refugees, who had been driven from home by Ferdinand\u2019s edicts,\nwandered to England in pursuit of religious freedom and livelihood.\nSimon Partlicius (1593-1639), preacher and author and Samuel Martinius\n(1588-1640), writer and mathematician, both enjoyed England\u2019s hospitality\nfor a time. So did Komensk\u00fd who came in 1642 to London to visit friends\nand to further his literary projects. Wenceslaus Hollar established a\npermanent residence in England. Letters are extant written by Komensk\u00fd\u2019s\nson-in-law, Peter Figulus, and dated at Oxford. At least two exiles,\nWenceslaus Libanus and Paul Hartmann, both members of the Brethren\u2019s\nUnity, had been ordained as ministers of the Church of England.\nThat the Irish Franciscans had been invited to Bohemia during the Thirty\nYears\u2019 War to assist in the re-Catholisation of the country, is known.\nIn Hybernsk\u00e1 ulice, a famous thoroughfare in Prague, named after them,\nthe Irish Friars founded a monastery in 1630. Later (1659) they built\nthere the Church of Our Lady of Immaculate Conception. Although the\nmonastery has long passed out of existence and even the church edifice\nhas been forced to give way to business, the name, Hybernsk\u00e1 ulice, still\nreminds the tourist of the presence of the Hibernians in Prague. An Irish\nname--that of Count Edward Francis Josef Taafe--has figured largely in\nAustrian and Bohemian politics of yesterday. The Taafes secured an\nincholate in Moravia in the middle of the eighteenth century and have\nintermarried with the \u0160lik, Chotek and Pachta families.\nNo narrative of the Thirty Years\u2019 War is complete or understandable\nunless the student knows what part Bohemia took in the great struggle.\nA recognized authority on the subject is Anton Gindely, (1829-1892)\nProfessor at the Prague University. Gindely\u2019s _Geschichte des\ndreissigj\u00e4hrigen Krieges_ has been translated by A. Ten Brook.\nA quarter of a century ago one could not find on the shelves of an\nAmerican library a comprehensive history of the Bohemian nation written\nin English. The task and the distinction of writing such a work fell to\nthe lot of a Chicago lawyer of Scotch-Irish ancestry, Robert H. Vickers.\nVicker\u2019s _History of Bohemia_ was published in 1894 in Chicago, the\nmunificence of the Bohemian National Committee making the publication\npossible. Stranger to the subtle modern forces of the nation\u2019s life,\nunfamiliar with its language, unduly in love with the rust of the past,\nVickers produced a volume suffering obviously from bookiness. The Chicago\nBohemians erected a monument in the National Cemetery to the memory of\ntheir Scotch-Irish friend.\nA year later (1895), there appeared another history of the nation: Frances\nGregor\u2019s _Story of Bohemia_.\nIn translating into idiomatic English the little classic, N\u011bmcov\u00e1\u2019s\n_Babi\u010dka_--the first story book by a Bohemian author to be so\nhonored--Frances Gregor rendered an actual service to literature. Many\nan American Bohemian youth has had his or her first glimpse of the charms\nof Bohemian country life from _Babi\u010dka_, but her _Story of Bohemia_ has\nsince been supplanted by newer and abler historical studies. Frances\nGregor\u2019s talents lay not in historical research but in light fiction\nwriting and literary criticism. An incurable malady greatly interfered\nwith intensive literary labor, making her life all but unendurable. She\ndied in Colorado in 1901, aged fifty-one years.\nTwo additional histories were put on the market by publishers in 1896:\n_Bohemia: an Historical Sketch_, by Count L\u00fctzow; and Charles Edmund\nMaurice\u2019s _Bohemia: from the earliest times to the fall of national\nindependence in 1620_.\nIt is no secret that English Bohemica cost Count L\u00fctzow (born 1849 in\nHamburg, died 1916 in Switzerland) his diplomatic career, making him\n_persona non grata_ at the Vienna court. Of the several volumes written\nby this high-minded, unselfish nobleman, the most erudite and mature is\n_The Hussite Wars_. L\u00fctzow is especially esteemed by English-speaking\nBohemians, for they alone are able to appreciate the measure of his labors.\nWill S. Monroe\u2019s _Bohemia and the \u010cechs_ was published in 1910. It\nis profusely illustrated and contains an informative review of the\nliterature, art, politics and the economic and social conditions of the\npeople. Monroe knows his Bohemia from close personal association and\nnot from books alone, and his _Bohemia and the \u010cechs_ has achieved wider\npopularity than any of the accounts preceding it.\nIn the _Cambridge Modern History_ the student will find abundant and\nreliable material on Bohemia, from such noted writers as Robert Nisbet\nBain, A. W. Ward, Louis Eisenmann, and others.\nJOHN HUS. JEROME OF PRAGUE. UNITY. MORAVIANS. The Hussite Reformation\nin the fifteenth century was a movement which concerned not Bohemia\nalone, but the entire Christian world. \u201cThus begun,\u201d remarks Bishop de\nSchweinitz, \u201cone of the most remarkable and at the same time terrific\nwars the world has seen; for sixteen years Bohemia single handed defied\npapal Europe.\u201d Two Englishmen, John Wickliffe and Peter Payne, the first\nimpersonally, through his writings, the other personally, played not an\ninconspicuous r\u00f4le in the great religious awakening which followed the\nburning of Hus at the stake in 1415.\nThe Hussite literature, as the reader will perceive, is quite bulky. Of\nthe non-Bohemian Hus scholars, whose works have been written in English or\ntranslated into that tongue, these deserve to be mentioned: De Bonnechose,\n_Les R\u00e9formateurs avant la R\u00e9forme_, known as _Reformers before the\nReformation_; Johann Loserth\u2019s _Hus und Wiclif_; De Schweinitz\u2019s _History\nof the Church known as the Unitas Fratrum, or the Unity of the Brethren_;\nCount L\u00fctzow\u2019s _The Hussite Wars_; David S. Schaff\u2019s _John Huss; His\nLife, Teachings and Death_; W. N. Schwarze\u2019s _John Hus, the Martyr of\nBohemia_. Knowing the Bohemian language and being in a position to make\nuse of native sources, some of them still unpublished, Count L\u00fctzow has\nhad an undoubted advantage over Hus commentators who were not so fitted.\nRev. E. H. Gillett\u2019s _Life and Times of John Huss_, was, after it had been\npublished, adversely commented upon, the author being openly charged with\ntaking bodily sentences, paragraphs and pages from De Bonnechose, without\ngiving the Frenchman due credit. (See _North American Review_, July,\n1865.) Rev. A. H. Wratislaw\u2019s _John Huss, the commencement of resistance\nto papal authority_, has for its basis the trustworthy researches of the\nhistorians Palack\u00fd and Tomek.\nThe Moravian Church, claiming direct descent from the Unity of Bohemian\nBrethren, has produced noteworthy sectarian literature. In fact, the\nMoravians, to mention only one scholar, the late Bishop de Schweinitz,\nhave done more than any other evangelical church in the way of\ninterpreting to the English speaking people the most stirring chapters\nof Bohemian history.\nThere is this criticism to be made, however, in reference to the Hus\nliterature, that while non-Bohemian writers regard Hus as a religious\nreformer only and treat the reformation inaugurated by him wholly in the\nlight of a religious upheaval, the Bohemians insist on taking a broader\nview of Hus and of Hussites. To them Hus reveals himself not only as\na religious reformer, but likewise as a champion and purifier of the\nnative tongue. In the Hussite Wars they recognize a political-spiritual\nrevolution, having for its purpose the liberation of the Bohemian nation\nalike from papal trammels and from German domination.\nThe Bohemian Church, Unity, Unitas Fratrum, Unity of Bohemian Brethren,\nBrethren\u2019s Unity, are the names given to a church which originated in the\nsecond half of the fifteenth century. In the severely strict notions as\nto what is proper in the practice of religious duties, the Unity bore a\nstriking resemblance to the Puritans.\nIts doctrine and discipline are admirably set forth in the articles\npassed in 1616 at the Synod of \u017deravice. These articles, provided with\nannotations by Komensk\u00fd have been translated into English, under the\ntitle _Ratio disciplinae, or the Constitution of the Congregational\nChurches_. Thus one is able to trace the influence of the Unity upon the\nChurch of England. When the Bohemian Revolution broke out (1618) the\nnobility belonging to the Unity were powerful enough to influence the\nselection of a new King in the place of Ferdinand II., who was dethroned\nby the Estates. The choice, as we know, fell upon Frederick of the\nPalatinate. The Patent of Tolerance, (1781) allowing Protestant worship\nin Austria, purposely excluded the Unity. To the Government the church\nwas objectionable, first because of its Bohemian national traditions,\nand secondly because of the leading part its members had taken in the\nrevolution against Ferdinand.\n[Illustration: Protest\nDated Sept. 2, 1415, by 100 Bohemian Lords against the burning of John\nHus. Since 1657 property of the University of Edinburgh]\nSome of the greatest writers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries\nwere members of the Unity: John Augusta (1500-1572, Bishop and writer),\nJohn Blahoslav (1523-1571), collaborator on the _Kralice Bible_, author\nof _Grammatika \u010cesk\u00e1_, Charles, Lord of \u017derot\u00edn (1564-1636), John Amos\nKomensk\u00fd. The Unity reformed schools and promoted literature by setting up\nprinting shops in Bohemia and Moravia. Toward the close of the fifteenth\ncentury a printing shop was opened in Mlad\u00e1 Boleslav; in the first part of\nthe sixteenth century another was established at B\u011bl\u00e1, near Bezd\u011bz, and\nstill another at Litomy\u0161l. The last named town was, up to 1547, looked\nupon as the chief seat of the administration of the church. Because of\npersecution, the Unity transferred its centre to P\u0159erov in Moravia. Here\ntoo, it set up printing establishments, the one at Ivan\u010dice becoming\nin time far-famed. In 1578 the Ivan\u010dice concern was moved to Kralice\n(Moravia).\nBy common consent, the _Kralice Bible_, so called from Kralice, where it\nwas printed, is regarded as the most enduring literary work of the Unity.\nFor fourteen years eight eminent scholars worked on this Bible, rendering\nthe translation into a language idiomatic, and pure beyond that of any\nother book. It was published between the years 1579-93, and Lord \u017derot\u00edn\nbore the expense of it. The British Bible Society in publishing a Bohemian\nBible followed exactly the edition of 1613.\nThe New York Lenox Library, which is now a part of the New York Public\nLibrary, owns: 1. A complete set of the _Kralice Bible_; the sixth volume,\nhowever, is of a later edition. 2. Two copies of the _Prague Bible_. 3.\nOne copy of the _Paul Sever\u00edn of Kap\u00ed Hora Bible_ of the edition of 1537.\nThe _Kralice Bible_ was bought by Lenox, the founder of the Lenox Library,\nfrom the collection of the Duke of Sussex.[8]\n  [8] See article _Morav\u0161t\u00ed Brat\u0159i v Americe_ by Thomas \u010capek, _Osv\u011bta_,\nJOHN AMOS KOMENSK\u00dd. John Amos Komensk\u00fd (or Comenius, which is the\nLatinized form of the name), one of the great figures in Bohemian history,\nwas born in 1592 in Moravia, (hence the suffix \u201cMoravus\u201d seen on some of\nhis works) and died as an exile in 1670 in Holland.\nThough he was a churchman of prominence, being the last Bishop of\nthe Unity, his reputation is founded not on his ecclesiastical and\nphilosophical writings, but on his pedagogical studies. As a school\nreformer he was the first to carry out the principle, long since\nrecognized as sound by all teachers, of appealing to the senses; so he\ncalled the artist to his aid. The result was the _Orbis Sensualium Pictus_\nor the _Visible World_. \u201cThe circumstances of his life were as unfavorable\nas possible to his career as a writer,\u201d remarks L\u00fctzow. \u201cTraveling\nfrom Moravia to Bohemia, thence to Poland, Germany, England, Sweden,\nHungary, Holland, ever unable to obtain tranquillity, often in financial\ndifficulties, twice deprived of his library by fire, forced to write\nschool-books, when he was planning metaphysical works that he believed\nto be of the greatest value, he always undauntedly continued his vast\nliterary undertakings.\u201d\nFrom Cotton Mather[9] we learn (a fact which is confirmed by other\nsources) that Governor Winthrop offered to Komensk\u00fd the Presidency of\nHarvard College. \u201cThat brave old man Johannes Amos Comenius, the fame\nof whose worth hath been Trumpetted as far as more than Three Languages\n(Whereof everyone is endebted unto his Janua) could carry it, was agreed\nwithal by our Mr. Winthrop, in his travels through the Low Countries, to\ncome over into New England and Illuminate this Colledge and Country in the\nQuality of President: But the Solicitations of the Swedish ambassador,\ndiverting him another way, that Incomparable Moravian became not an\nAmerican.\u201d\n  [9] _Magnalia Christi Americana_; or, _The Ecclesiastical History of New\n  England_. Book IX., p. 128.\nBiographers are not agreed as to the number of Komensk\u00fd\u2019s works. F. J.\nZoubek has enumerated 137 of them; Keatinge lists 127. Some were written\nin Latin, others in Bohemian, though Komensk\u00fd, having received his\ntheological training in Germany, was conversant with the language of that\ncountry also.\nAs a master of Bohemian diction he had few, if any, peers. To the\nrevivalists Komensk\u00fd\u2019s writings were a safe and never-failing storehouse\nof philologic material and even today, despite the circumstance that\nBohemian syntax and orthography like the English, have undergone an\nessential change, his style is a source of delight to literary purists.\nHis chief writings that have been translated into English, and the main\nfacts of their publication, are as follows:\n_The Gate of Tongues Unlocked_ first appeared in Latin in Leszno (Lissa),\nPoland, in 1631; the same year in German. The Bohemian edition is dated\n1633, the English 1633.\n_The School of Infancy._ This manual was written primarily for the use of\nBohemian schools, but when the author realized that he could not return to\nhis fatherland, being a Protestant, the work was translated into German.\nThe English edition is dated 1641. The Bohemian manuscript was discovered\nonly in 1856 and put into print two years later.\n_A Reformation of Schooles_ was printed for Michael Sparke, London, 1642.\n_The History of the Bohemian Persecution_, which is one of the author\u2019s\nchurch works, was completed in Bohemian in 1632, but was not published\nin that tongue until 1655. The date of the Latin version is 1647; of the\nEnglish, 1650.\nJeremy Collier\u2019s rendering into English of the _Pansophiae_, or, as the\ntranslator entitled it, _Patterne of Universall Knowledge_, is dated,\nLondon, 1651. Published in 1643, in Danzig, it was printed two years later\nin Amsterdam. The Bohemian translation is quite recent, dating from 1879.\n\u201cNo one can impartially claim for Komensk\u00fd a high rank as a philosopher,\u201d\ncomments Count L\u00fctzow, \u201cand it is certainly a mistake to speak of\nKomensk\u00fd\u2019s system of philosophy. There is no philosophical system of\nKomensk\u00fd in the sense that there exists a philosophical system of Spinoza.\u201d\n_The Physicae_ or _Naturall Philosophie Reformed by Divine Light_ was\nprinted in Leipsic in 1633, in Amsterdam 1643, 1645, 1663, etc. The\nBohemian translation is recent. The English edition, in this catalogue,\n_The True and Readie Way to Learne the Latine Tongue_ appeared in Leszno,\n1633. It was translated later into Dutch, English (our catalogue\u2019s London\nedition is of 1654), Magyar, Swedish and Polish. The Latin-Bohemian-German\nedition is dated Tren\u010d\u00edn, Hungary, 1649.\nKomensk\u00fd\u2019s most popular book, the _Orbis Sensualium Pictus_, was printed\noriginally in Nuremberg, in 1658. The English translation by Charles Hoole\nfollowed one year later. The Latin-German-Magyar-Bohemian edition was\nissued in 1685; the first American edition, a reprint from Hoole\u2019s twelfth\nLondon edition, in New York, in 1810.\nThat the English translation of _The Great Didactic_, which Komensk\u00fd wrote\nbetween 1627-1632 in the Bohemian language and in 1640 in Latin (published\nin Amsterdam, 1657), was not undertaken until our time (1896) is a matter\nof great surprise. The same comment is pertinent to Komensk\u00fd\u2019s most\nreadable little volume, _The Labyrinth of the World and the Paradise of\nthe Heart_, which strikingly reminds one of Bunyan\u2019s _Pilgrim\u2019s Progress_.\nIt was only in 1905 that it found an able translator in the person of\nCount L\u00fctzow. _The Praxis Pietatis_, an oft-quoted book which passed\nthrough several editions in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries has\nnot been translated for the very good reason that it, in itself, was an\nadaptation, from the _Practice of Piety_, a volume by an English divine.\n_The Exhortation of the Churches of Bohemia to the Church of England_,\nEnglished by Joshua Tymarchus and printed for Thomas Parkhurst, in\nCheapside, 1661, was used eighty-seven years later as an argument and a\nplea by a distinguished English American, Gen. Oglethorpe.\nAddressing the English Parliament (1748) in favor of the passage of a\nbill to relieve the United Brethren, or Moravians, from military duty and\noaths, General Oglethorpe explained that the \u201cBrethren were received\nin England under King Edward the Sixth, and countenanced under his\nsuccessors.... And to speak a few words of their further intercourse with\nthe Church of England. Their Bishop, Comenius, presented the history of\nhis church to King Charles the Second, in the year 1660, with a moving\naccount of their sufferings, addressed to the Church of England.... In\nthe year 1683, a most pathetic account of these Brethren was published by\norder of Archbishop Sancroft and Bishop Compton. They also addressed the\nChurch of England, in the year 1715, being reduced to a very low ebb in\nPoland; and his late Majesty, George I., by the recommendation of the late\nArchbishop Wake, gave orders in Council for the relief of these reformed\nepiscopal churches, and Letters Patent for their support were issued soon\nafter.\u201d\nThe prognostications made in _Revelation Revealed by two Apocalyptical\nTreatises_, is a book which relates to prophecies and alleged visions by\nChristopher Kotter, Christina Poniatovia and an unscrupulous impostor,\nNichols Drab\u00edk by name. Genuinely believing in the truth of the prophecies\nof this trio, Komensk\u00fd was ridiculed and criticized by contemporaries,\nespecially by the Frenchman, Pierre Bayle (1647-1706) in his _Dictionnaire\nHistorique et Critique_. Hallam\u2019s belittling appraisal of the author of\n_Orbis Sensualium Pictus_ (\u201cthis author, a man of much industry, some\ningenuity, and a little judgment, made himself a temporary reputation by\nhis _Orbis Sensualium Pictus_, etc.\u201d) is no doubt traceable to Bayle\u2019s\nunfavorable estimate. Bayle\u2019s writings, be it remarked, were held in high\nregard by men of letters of his time.\nIn 1892 educators the world over observed the three hundredth anniversary\nof Komensk\u00fd\u2019s birth. The March (1892) number of the _Educational Review_\nwas wholly devoted to him; it contained articles by the editor, Nicholas\nMurray Butler (now President of Columbia University), S. S. Laurie, C. W.\nBardeen, Paul H. Hanus. The American Bohemians in several cities, Chicago,\nNew York, Omaha, Milwaukee and Cleveland, by appropriate ceremonies\nalso celebrated the anniversary of the birth of their distinguished\nfellow-countryman.\nLANGUAGE AND LITERATURE. _The Cheskian Anthology_ (1832) compiled by\nSir John Bowring (1792-1872) is the earliest known effort to acquaint\nthe English reading public with Bohemian literature which was just then\nbeginning to revive from the d\u00e9b\u00e2cle of the Thirty Years\u2019 War. Before\nthis, Bowring had written a sympathetic review for the _Foreign Quarterly\nReview_ (1828) of Joseph Jungmann\u2019s _Historie literatury \u010desk\u00e9_. For the\n_Westminster Review_ (1830) he wrote a resum\u00e9 of the _Manuscript of the\nQueen\u2019s Court_ (Rukopis Kralodvorsk\u00fd) since pronounced by philologists,\nlike Macpherson\u2019s Songs of Ossian, spurious.\nAnother Englishman who formed a deep attachment for the youthful Bohemian\nrepublic of letters was the Rev. Albert Henry Wratislaw (1821-1889). By\nhis several translations and original studies Wratislaw rendered valuable\nservice in England to the nation from which his ancestors had sprung.\nWratislaw claimed descent from the ancient and honorable family of the\nWratislaws of Mitrovic. Conceivably the relationship with the Wratislaws\nof Bohemia prompted him to translate into English _The Adventures of Baron\nWenceslas Wratislaw of Mitrowitz_. Wratislaw\u2019s _Bohemian Poems, Ancient\nand Modern_, from the original Slavonic (Bohemian) is a skillful piece of\nwork.\nWriting under the pen name Talvj, Mrs. Robinson, wife of the Rev.\nRobinson, has devoted a chapter in her _Historical View of the Languages\nand Literatures of the Slavonic Nations_ to the _History of the Czekhish\nor Bohemian Languages and Literature_. Mrs. Robinson\u2019s views on Bohemian\nliterature are by no means her own. Palack\u00fd and \u0160afa\u0159\u00edk have pointed\nout that the chapter is nothing but an extract from Paul J. \u0160afa\u0159\u00edk\u2019s\n_Geschichte der slavischen Sprache und Literatur nach allen Mundarten_.\nThe pseudonym Talvj, by the way, she conceived by putting together the\ninitial letters of her maiden name, T. A. L. v. J., that is, Theresa\nAlbertina Louisa von Jacobi.\nFlora P. Kopta\u2019s _Bohemian Legends and Other Poems_ is not a satisfying\nwork. Far more felicitous than her poetry is her prose volume, _The\nForestman of Vimpek_.\nThe credit for worthily introducing Bohemian poetry belongs to an\nEnglishman, P. Selver. _The Anthology of Modern Bohemian Poetry_ is an\nadmirable achievement. Not only is Selver\u2019s interpretation faithful, but\nthe selection of authors is representative.\nLeo Wiener, a well-known Slavic scholar connected with Harvard University,\nhas presented to the public a fine rendition of J. S. Machar\u2019s _Magdalen_.\nRichard William Morfill (1835-1909), late Slavic Professor at Oxford,\nhas written voluminously on Slavic history and philology. Among his\nphilological studies are: a simplified grammar of the Polish language, a\ngrammar of the Russian language, a grammar of the Bulgarian language, _A\nGrammar of the Bohemian or \u010cech language_. The last named is the only work\nof its kind in English, Charles Jon\u00e1\u0161\u2019 _Bohemian Made Easy_ being really\nan interpreter and not a scientific grammar. The Bohemian Literary Society\nof Chicago, it is reported, has in preparation a new English grammar for\nthe study of the \u010cech language.\nIn Count L\u00fctzow\u2019s _History of Bohemian Literature_, the student will find\nan excellent manual. With his usual painstaking care, the author recounts\nin a lucid manner the story of Bohemian literature, its glory and its\nvicissitudes.\nMISCELLANY. Attention is called to a meritorious volume under this\nsubtitle, by de Moleville, _The Costumes of the Hereditary (!) States of\nthe House of Austria_. Fifteen plates portray old Bohemian, Slovak and\nMoravian costumes.\n[Illustration: The Kralice Bible\nThough not the oldest in point of date, the Kralice Bible (1st ed.\n  1579-93, 6 vs.) is the most renowned of all the Bohemian Bibles. Formerly\n  in the Lenox collection, it is now the property, with other rare Bohemian\n  Bibles, of the New York City Public Library]\nMUSIC. Critics rate Bed\u0159ich Smetana (1824-1884) as the greatest Bohemian\ncomposer, yet it is Dr. Anton\u00edn Dvo\u0159\u00e1k (1841-1904) who is the most widely\nknown outside of his native country. The reason for this is that Dvo\u0159\u00e1k\nvisited England and spent a number of years in New York as director of a\nconservatory of music. \u201cThe forcefulness and freshness of Dvo\u0159\u00e1k\u2019s music,\u201d\nwrites H. E. Krehbiel, the noted New York musical critic, \u201ccome primarily\nfrom his use of dialects and idioms derived from the folk-music of the\nChekhs.... Dvo\u0159\u00e1k is not a nationalist in the Lisztian sense; he borrows\nnot melodies but the characteristic elements from the folk-songs of his\npeople.\u201d\nSmetana\u2019s renown was won on precisely the same ground which made Dvo\u0159\u00e1k\nfamous, the only difference being that Smetana applied the principle of\nthe folk-song before Dvo\u0159\u00e1k. Previous to Smetana\u2019s time one could speak of\nmusic in Bohemia, but not of Bohemian music. George Benda (1721-1795),\nJoseph Myslive\u010dek (1737-1781), John Ladislav Dus\u00edk (1761-1812--the name\nof this \u201cneglected composer\u201d is also spelled Dussek), V\u00e1clav John Tom\u00e1\u0161ek\nor Tomaschek (1774-1850), author of the usual method of fingering double\nscales, were writers of music who belonged to the period when there was\nmusic in Bohemia, when composers were content to imitate Beethoven, Bach,\nMozart and Wagner; when they strove to out-German the Germans in music.\nSmetana was the first to strike the true chord of inspiration--the chord\ntouching the nation\u2019s soul--the folk-song. It was the influence of the\nfolk-song which lent to his masterpiece, the _Bartered Bride_, (Prodan\u00e1\nNev\u011bsta) its exquisite charm and enduring freshness. Apropos, the Bartered\nBride was introduced to the American public at the New York Metropolitan\nOpera House on April 29, 1909, and the baton on this unforgettable\noccasion was wielded by Gustav Mahler, also a native of Bohemia, though\nnot a \u010cech.\nOf the several musical artists who have visited the United States, none\nhave won larger recognition from the critics and the public than Jan\nKubel\u00edk (born 1880), violinist, Emmy Destinn (born 1878), soprano.\nPERIODICALS. The long cherished wish that there might be an English\nlanguage newspaper which should interpret to the Americans the ideals of\nthe Bohemian race was realized in September, 1892, when _The Bohemian\nVoice_, a monthly printed in Omaha and published by the National\nCommittee, was issued. Through lack of funds _The Bohemian Voice_ was\nforced to suspend publication in November, 1894. The first editor of this\n\u201corgan of the Bohemian-Americans in the United States\u201d was Thomas \u010capek;\nupon his resignation, in April, 1894, J. J. Kr\u00e1l took charge as editor.\nThe speculative _American Bi-Monthly_, launched in Chicago in 1914, failed\nafter publishing two numbers.\nIn February, 1917, the Bohemian National Alliance in America started a\nmonthly in Chicago, _The Bohemian Review_. In the initial number the\neditor, Dr. J. F. Smetanka, argues as follows: \u201cIf some two hundred\nthousand people[10] can support more than eighty publications in the\nBohemian language, why should not three hundred thousand of their\nchildren, more used to the English language, establish and support just\none organ devoted to their interests as Americans of Czech descent?\u201d\n  [10] The 1910 U. S. census has found in the country 539,392 people of\n  Bohemian stock, of whom 228,738 were foreign born, 310,654 native born.\nIn conclusion it may be added, that _The New Europe_, of London, though\nby no means a Bohemian or a Slavic magazine, has paid generous attention\nto Bohemian questions as affected by the war. Among the collaborators of\n_The New Europe_ are such able students of Austrian politics as Thomas G.\nMasaryk, late Professor at the Bohemian University of Prague, Dr. R. W.\nSeton-Watson of King\u2019s College and H. Wickham Steed of the London _Times_.\nPLANS, MAPS. ETC. Of especial interest to the students of American\nColonial history is the _Map of Virginia and Maryland this present\nYear 1670 Surveyed and Exactly Drawne by the Only Labour and Endeavour\nof Augustin Herrman, Bohemiensis_. A copy of this rare map is on file\nin the Library of Congress in Washington.[11] In addition to the Map of\nMaryland, Herrman made a sketch of New Amsterdam (New York) as that city\nlooked in 1650. Herrman is reputed to be the first Bohemian immigrant to\nAmerica, coming here in 1633. On the site of the former Bohemia Manor\nin Cecil County, Maryland, there is still preserved a tombstone bearing\nthis inscription: \u201cAvgvstine Herrmen Bohemian The First Fovnder Seater of\nBohemea Manner Anno 1661.\u201d Like Wenceslaus Hollar, John Amos Komensk\u00fd,\nPaul Sk\u00e1la ze Zho\u0159e, (the historian) and thousands of other Protestants,\nHerrman, the son of a minister of the gospel, was forced to flee from\nBohemia after the overthrow of the Protestants there.\n  [11] For Augustine Herrman\u2019s life see _Pam\u00e1tky \u010cesk\u00fdch Emigrant\u016f v\n  Americe_ (Data on Bohemian Immigration to America), by Thomas \u010capek,\n  Omaha, 1907. J. V. Nigrin described Herrman\u2019s map in the Chicago\n  _Svornost_, August 2-9, 1914.\nPOLITICS AND WAR PUBLICATIONS. Publication has received an unwonted\nimpetus from the war. Never since the Thirty Years\u2019 War have the\ngrievances and political aspirations of the Bohemians been given more\nwidespread publicity. Woodrow Wilson stated the situation precisely in one\nof his books when he declared that \u201cno lapse of time, no defeat of hopes,\nseems sufficient to reconcile the Czechs of Bohemia to incorporation with\nAustria.\u201d Since 1848, the year which saw the dawn of constitutionalism\nin the Hapsburg monarchy, the Bohemians have been asking for home rule;\nthe lessons of war at once suggested a bolder program, a new orientation.\nPresently their leaders demand a separation from Austria and the inclusion\nin an independent Bohemian State of the Slovaks of Hungary. Under this\nsubtitle the reader will find indexed articles by opponents (Heilprin)\nas well as by well-wishers. Of the new orientation, that is, of a\nBohemian-Slovak State, free and independent, the leading intellect outside\nof Bohemia is Professor Masaryk, temporarily an exile in England.\nThomas Garrigue Masaryk (the middle name is assumed from that of his\nAmerican wife, Miss Charlotte Garrigue of New York) is writing his name\nlarge in what posterity will joyfully call Bohemian Emancipation. Masaryk\nwas born of humble Moravian-Slovak parentage in 1850. From the time he\nentered public life, he was always a rebel, though in the finest sense of\nthe term; rebel in politics, rebel in literature, rebel in the manner he\ninterpreted Bohemian nationalism. That he was not summarily removed from\nthe chair he occupied in the Prague University was due to fear of the man,\nto fear of his large following, and not to the want of powerful accusers\nor because of scruples on the part of the government. In native literature\nand politics alike, Masaryk\u2019s activities are bound to leave a deep mark.\nFortunately for the cause, he was able to effect his escape from Austria\nin the early stages of the war.\nAn able writer and a forceful advocate of Bohemia\u2019s cause in the United\nStates is Charles Pergler, vice-president of the Bohemian National\nAlliance in America.\nPRAGUE. Von Humboldt was not the only traveler who thought that the\ncapital of the Bohemian Kingdom was the most beautiful inland town of all\nEurope. American and English tourists who have visited the city all concur\nin the opinion of von Humboldt. \u201cPrague to a Bohemian,\u201d to quote Arthur\nSymons (_Harper\u2019s Magazine_, Sept., 1901), \u201cis the epitome of the history\nof his country; he sees it as the man sees the woman he loves, with her\nfirst beauty.\u201d L\u00fctzow\u2019s _Story of Prague_ will fully repay the reader who\nwould like to know more of this beautiful medi\u00e6val city.\nSOCIOLOGY AND ECONOMICS. The theme of Slavic immigration to America within\nthe last twenty-five years has been considered by politicians, settlement\nworkers, immigration \u201cspecialists,\u201d professional labor agitators and\nothers. The caption of Alois B. Koukol\u2019s article in _The Charities and\nCommons, A Slav\u2019s a Man for A\u2019 That_, sums up the situation precisely.\nYes, the American Slav is a man, for all that has been said about\nhim--chiefly against him--by professional labor agitators; but it took the\nGreat War to demonstrate his utility to America. No economist has written\nof him with greater sympathy, understanding and tact than Emily Greene\nBalch, teacher at Wellesley College. To get a more accurate perspective on\nthe subject, Miss Balch went to the source, to their homelands to observe\n_Our Slavic Fellow Citizens_.\nSOKOLS. The \u201cSokol Union\u201d (Sokol in Bohemian means falcon, a bird typical\nof strength and fearlessness) is, or rather was, until the Great War,\nthe most powerful non-political organization in Bohemia. Suspecting its\nmembers of disloyalty, the authorities in the first stages of the war,\ndissolved it. Miroslav Tyr\u0161 and Henry F\u00fcgner founded the \u201cSokol Union\u201d in\n1862. Body culture is the primary though not the sole aim of the society;\nconsidered from its ethical aspect the \u201cSokol Union\u201d contemplates nothing\nless than the moral and physical regeneration of the Bohemian race.\nFrom Bohemia the Sokol idea has gradually found its way into other Slav\ncountries, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Bulgaria and there are Sokols, men and\nwomen, even in America.\nTRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION. The old time travelers like Christian Frederick\nDamberger, Georg Robert Gleig, Johann Georg Keysler, Johann Georg Kohl,\ndescribed not the kingdom of the \u010cechs, but Bohemia, the Province of\nAustria. After 1621 Bohemia ceased to exist as an independent state and\nthe veneer of Teutonism thickened from year to year. So complete seemed\nthe denationalization of Bohemia in the eighteenth century and even in\nthe first part of the nineteenth, that foreigners visiting the baths at\nCarlsbad and Marienbad were surprised to hear peasants talk in an unknown\ntongue. As for the real Bohemia, after she had again found herself, no\nEnglish or American traveler has more trenchantly described her castles,\nher medi\u00e6val churches, her splendid ruins, her roads, her industries, her\nschools, than James Baker.\nTwo books by travelers of Bohemian nationality might be mentioned,\nthough, strictly speaking, they have no place in our Bohemica. They are\nDr. Emil Holub\u2019s _Seven Years in South Africa; travels, researches, and\nhunting adventures between the diamond fields and the Zambesi_, 1872-79,\ntranslated by Ellen Frewer and published in London by Low, Marston, Searle\n& Rivington in 1881. The other is B. Kroupa\u2019s _An Artist\u2019s Tour; gleanings\nand impressions of travels in North and Central America and the Sandwich\nIslands_. With illustrations by the author. Published by Ward & Downey,\nLondon, in 1890.\nThe opinion has been expressed that John Lederer, the Virginia traveler,\nwas not an Austrian, as some surmise, but a Bohemian.[12] Lederer is by\nno means an uncommon surname among Bohemians; moreover, there is evidence\nthat Bohemian exiles began settling in Virginia during the Thirty Years\u2019\nWar.\n  [12] _The Discoveries of John Lederer, in three several marches from\n  Virginia to the west of Carolina, and other parts of the Continent_:\n  Begun in March, 1669, and ended in September, 1670. Together with a\n  General Map of the whole territory which he traversed. Collected and\n  translated out of Latine from his Discourse and Writings by Sir William\n  Talbot, Baronet. London. Printed by J. C. for Samuel Heyrick, at Grays\n  Inne-Gate in Holborn. 1672.\nII\nART\nPUBLICATIONS\nBerlin Photographic Company. Catalogue of an exhibition of contemporary\n    graphic art in Hungary, Bohemia and Austria, December 6-27, 1913.\n    Introductory by Martin Birnbaum. Portraits. Plates. 50 pp. New\nBro\u017e\u00edk, V\u00e1clav. Catalogue of the studies, sketches, paintings,\n    antiques, tapestries of ---- fully described with sketch of his\n    life. 60 pp. Exhibited at John Wanamaker Art Gallery. New York.\nHol\u00e1rek, Emile. War. Pictures by ---- with readings in the subject from\n    the writings of Leo Tolstoy and others. Edited by V. Tchertkoff.\n    Christchurch. Free Age Press. 4\u00ba 17 l. New York.\nHollar, Wenceslaus. The foremost reference book is George Vertue\u2019s,\n    Description of the Works of the Ingenious Delineator and Engraver\n    Wenceslaus Hollar, disposed into Classes of Different Sorts; with\n    some account of His Life. Printed in London, for the editor G. V. A\n    Member of the Society of Antiquaries. 1745. Lists over 1000 works.\n    Included therein is: A small view of Prague, Another small view of\n    Prague from St. Lorentzberg to Schloss, Two Coins in Honour of the\n    Garter, upon the Investiture of Frederick, King of Bohemia, View of\n    Prague, Another View of Prague by the River Molda, A large Prospect\n    of Prague, in three plates, drawn in 1636 and done at Antwerp.\n    With F. Place, Hollar drew among others: An exact Map of America,\n    A Map of Hungary, A Map of Africa, A Map of England. Under Various\n    Habits of Nations is found, Mulier Pragensis, Civis Pragensis\n    Filia, Mercatoris Pragensis Uxor, Mulier Bohemica bon\u00e6 qualitatis,\n    Nobilis Mulier Bohemica, Rustica Bohemica, Two different heads of\n    Hollar\u2019s wife. The Guide to the Drawings and Prints exhibited to\n    the Public in King\u2019s Library, British Museum, enumerates nearly two\n    hundred portraits of eminent personages of the time, views, etc. A\n    valuable reference is: A catalogue of a collection of Prints, the\n    work of ----, the property of a distinguished collector. Added,\n    a small collection of portraits of distinguished artists; also\n    some choicer productions of Morglen, Hogarth, Wille, etc. Sold by\n    auction, by Mr. Sotheby, 16th July, 1827. 8\u00ba. 28 pp. Davy. London.\n    1827. Of the more noted subjects mention is made of: Solemn League\n    and Covenant, for reformation and defence of religion, the honour\n    and happinesse of the King and the peace and safety of the three\n    Kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland. 1643. The Holy Bible,\n    etc. With large engravings chiefly by ----, 1659. fo. The Fables\n    of \u00c6sop paraphrased in verse, by J. Ogilby. The frontispiece and\n    the engravings to \u00c6sop. Pt. 1, fables 1, 2, 4, 5, 7-19, etc.;\n    pt. 2, fables 1-13, etc., and to the Ephesian Matron, being by\n    ----, 1665. fo. Exact surveigh of the streets, lanes and churches\n    contained within the ruines of the city of London. 1667. London\n    Topographical Society. London. 1908. Dance of Death, painted by\n    J. Holbein, and engraved by ----. The Dance of Machabree, wherein\n    is lively expressed ... the state of manne.... Made by Dan John\n    Lydgate, Monke of S. Edmunds Bury. The whole edited, with preface\n    and description of the plates, etc., by F. Douce. London. 1794. 8\u00ba.\n    33 plates, including the portrait of Hollar and that of Holbein.\nHolme, Charles, editor. Peasant Art in Austria and Hungary.\n    Introduction by A. S. Levetus; Peasant Art by M. Haberlandt.\n    Bohemia-Egerland, plates Nos. 226-300; Moravia, 301-360; Silesia,\n    363-373. Illustrated. The Studio. London. Paris. New York. 1911.\nLehner, Ferdinand. \u010cesk\u00e1 \u0160kola Mal\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e1 XI. v\u011bku. The Bohemian School\n    of Painting of the XI. Century. Bohemian text; preface translated\n    into English by Jane Mourek. Illustrated. Reprodukc\u00ed a tiskem \u010cesk\u00e9\n    Grafick\u00e9 Spole\u010dnosti Unie. Prague.\nLessing, Karl Friedrich. Notices in English of his painting: The\n    Martyrdom of Huss. From a catalogue of the D\u00fcsseldorf Gallery.\nMucha, Alphonse Marie, in Posters by Charles Matlack Price.\n    Illustrated. George W. Bricka. New York, 1913.\n[Illustration:\n               Made by the States of the Kingdome of Bohemia,\n                   shewing the Reasons why those of the\n                   Reformed Religion were moued to take\n                    Armes, for the defence of the King\n                       and themselues, _especially\n                          against the dangerous\n             A plaine Declaration, that those who belong vnto\n              the Monasteries and Ecclesiasticall Iurisdiction\n               (according vnto his Maiesties Letters, and\n                 Agreements made betweene the States of\n                  the Reformed Religion and the Papists)\n                   haue good right, as being Subiects\n                     of the Imperiall Maiestie, to\n                       _the peaceable exercise of\n                        their Diuine Seruice, and\n                Translated out of Dutch into Latine, and\n                _thence into English_, _by_ Will. Philip.\n       Printed by _George Purslow_ for _Ralph Rounthwaite_, and are\n              to bee sold at his Shop, at the Signe of the\n                  Flower de luce and Crowne, in _Pauls_\nNews from Bohemia\nRecital of reasons why the Protestants resorted to arms to protect\nthemselves]\nN\u00e1prstek\u2019s Bohemian Industrial Museum ---- from ----. Our Mothers\u2019\n    Work. A Selection of Bohemian National Embroidery. fo. 25 plates.\n    33 pp. English and French preface, signed Jan Koula. Prague. 1898.\n\u0160\u00edma, Joseph. Selections of native designs of embroidered work from\n    Bohemia, Moravia and northeastern Hungary. fo. 30 colored plates\n    and 19 illustrations. A. P\u00ed\u0161a. Brno, Moravia. 1909.\nVojan, J. E. S. Some Thoughts on the Graphic Arts. Introductory to, A\n    Portfolio of Prints. Etchings by Rudolph R\u016f\u017ei\u010dka, etc. The Graphic\n    Arts Club. New York. 1908.\nVondrous, J. C. The Etchings of ----, by William B. M\u2019Cormick.\n    Exhibited in the gallery of Arthur H. Hahlo & Co. Illustrated. 27\nARTICLES\nConnolly, Louise. What Shall \u201cMade in America\u201d Stand For? The Woman\nCzecho-Slovak Exhibition of Art, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New\n    York. The New York Times Magazine Section. Dec. 23, 1917.\nFred, W. Two Bohemian Painters: F. Jennewein and E. Hol\u00e1rek.\n    Illustrated. Artist. New York. 32:196-200. 1902.\nKorbel, Mario. The Work of ----. The International Studio. New York.\n---- Memorial Sculpture in Denver by ----. Illustrated. The International\n    Studio. New York. 59:LXI. Sept., 1916.\n---- Sculptures by ----. Town and Country. New York. 71:27. Nov. 1,\n---- American Art News. New York. 15:1. Nov. 11, 1916.\n---- by C. Owen Lublin. Illustrated. Town and Country. New York. 71:26.\n---- Three plates from an exhibition of sculpture by ----. The New\n    Country Life. New York. 32:53-5. June, 1917.\n---- A Portrait Bust: The Art World. New York. 3:135. Nov., 1917.\nKratina, Joseph. Exhibit of the Work of ----. Illustrated. The\n    International Studio. New York. 58:61-3. Apr., 1916.\nLevetus, A. S. Austrian Peasant Embroidery. The International Studio.\n    New York. 29:111-18; same, The Personal Ornaments of the Austrian\nMcCabe, Lida Rose. Peasant Art in New York\u2019s Bohemia. Joseph Mrazek\u2019s\n    Peasant Art. The Art World. New York. 3:356-58. Jan., 1918.\nMoravian Slovakei Art. A. S. L. Illustrated. The International Studio.\nMucha, Alphonse M. and the New Mysticism. By Christian Brinton.\n    Illustrated. Century. New York. 69:216-25. Dec., 1904.\nPolasek, Albin. The Exhibition of the works of ----, by Agnes Gertrude\n    Richards. Fine Arts Journal. Chicago. 35:122-26. Feb., 1917.\nPrinsep, V. C. Bohemia: New Country for the Artist. Illustrated.\n    Magazine of Art. New York. 28:125-28. Jan., 1904.\nRuzicka, Rudolph. An Appreciation of ----, by D. B. Updike.\n    Illustrated. The Printing Art. Cambridge. 30:17-24. Sept., 1917.\n---- Wood Engraver. By S. H. Horgan. The Inland Printer. Chicago.\nSchanzer, Hedwig. Teaching of Design at the Prague Arts and Crafts\n    School. Illustrated. The International Studio. New York. 45:277-86.\nTyr\u0161, Renata. Bohemian Needlework and Costumes. The Bohemian Review.\nVojan, J. E. S. Indians in Bohemian Art. Daily News. Chicago. Dec. 14,\n---- Story of Bohemian Graphic Art. The Sunday Republican. Cedar\n---- Fine Arts in Bohemia. The Bohemian Review. Chicago. 1:8-10. Oct.;\nIII\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\nPUBLICATIONS AND ARTICLES\nBalch, Emily Greene. Bibliography. Pp. 483-512. Our Slavic Fellow\n    Citizens. Charities Publication Committee. New York. 1910.\nBibliography. Division of ----. Library of Congress. Supplementary to\n    list of books on immigration, 1907. List of references on Slavs in\n    America. Select list 52. Typewritten. Washington. 1915.\nFirkins, Ina Ten Eyck. Slavs in the United States. A reading list\n    compiled by ----. Bulletin of Bibliography. Boston. 8:217-21. Oct.,\nHrbek, Jeffrey D. List of books in English relating to Bohemians and\n    Bohemia. Osv\u011bta Americk\u00e1. Omaha. Dec. 30, 1908.\nKerner, R. J. Foundations of Slavic Bibliography. Reprinted from\n    the Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America. 10:3-39.\n    Jan., 1916. Published for the Bibliographical Society of America.\n---- Slavic Europe. A Selected Bibliography in the Western European\n    Languages comprising history, languages and literatures. 500 pp.\n    Harvard University Press. Cambridge. 1918.\nMalin, Wm. Gunn. Catalogue of books relating to, or illustrating the\n    history of the Unitas Fratrum, or United Brethren, as established\n    in Bohemia and Moravia by followers of John Huss, overthrown and\n    exiled by Ferdinand II, of Austria, renewed and reorganized under\n    the auspices of Count Zinzendorf, and now generally known as the\n    Moravian Church. Pp. 1-131. Includes Bohemian, English, Latin,\n    German, Dutch and French books collected by Wm. Gunn Malin, member\n    of the Church. The Malin Library, so-called, numbers (1881) 690\n    works and is the property of the Moravian Church at Bethlehem, Pa.\n    Philadelphia. 1881.\nRosenthal, Herman. A List of Russian, other Slavonic and Baltic\n    periodicals in the New York Public Library. 36 pp. Bohemian\n    periodicals pp. 30-31. New York Public Library. 1916.\nSum, A. Bohemica. List of books in English. Prague. 1913.\nWharton, Leonard Cyril. English books on Bohemia, including\n    translations. Pp. 145-48. Guide to the Bohemian Section and the\n    Kingdom of Bohemia. Prague. 1906.\nYarros, Gregory. The Slav Peoples. A study outline. Tentative edition.\n    23 pp. The H. W. Wilson Co. White Plains and New York. 1915.\nIV\nBIOGRAPHY AND PORTRAITS\nPUBLICATIONS AND ARTICLES\nAugusta, John. Portrait: De Schweinitz\u2019s The Unitas Fratrum.\nBiographical Dictionary of the World\u2019s Best Literature. Lives of\n    numerous Bohemian writers. Charles Dudley Warner, editor. J. A.\n    Hill & Co. New York. 1896.\nBro\u017e\u00edk, V\u00e1clav. Portrait and biographical note: The Bohemian Voice.\n    Dec., 1892; Biography: Art. New York. 47:130. 1895; Portrait:\n    Monroe\u2019s Bohemia and the \u010cechs.\nBudovec, V\u00e1clav of Budova. Portrait: De Schweinitz\u2019s The Unitas Fratrum.\n\u010cech, Svatopluk. Portrait and biographical note: The Bohemian Voice.\n    Nov., 1893; Portrait: Monroe\u2019s Bohemia and the \u010cechs.\nDestinn, Emmy. Portrait: Illustrated London News. April 30, 1904. See\n    Music.\nDignowity, Anthony M. Autobiography: Bohemia under Austrian Despotism.\n    12\u00ba. 236 pp. By the author. New York. 1859.\nDobrovsk\u00fd, Josef. Portrait: Vicker\u2019s History of Bohemia.\nDussek (Dus\u00edk) Jan Ladislav. Biography: Baker\u2019s Biog. Dict. of Music.,\n    160; Paine\u2019s Famous Composers, 2:588.\nDvo\u0159\u00e1k, Anton\u00edn. Portrait and biographical note: The Bohemian Voice.\n    Nov., 1892; Portrait: Baker\u2019s Biog. Dict. of Music., 161; Century,\n    22:642. 1892; Critic, 30:241. 1897; Elson\u2019s Modern Composers of\n    Europe; Hadow\u2019s Studies in Mod. Music, 2:190; Harper\u2019s Magazine,\n    Paine\u2019s Famous Composers, 2:50; Review of Reviews, 29:750; Monroe\u2019s\n    Bohemia and the \u010cechs. See Music.\nFibich, Zd\u011bnek. Portrait: Monroe\u2019s Bohemia and the \u010cechs.\nGr\u00e9gr, Edward. Portrait and biographical note: The Bohemian Voice.\nHavl\u00ed\u010dek, Karel. Biography: J. E. S. Vojan in Memorial (English and\n    Bohemian), issued by the Publication Committee of the Association\n    for the erection of a monument to Karel Havl\u00ed\u010dek in Chicago, July\n    30, 1911; Portrait and biographical note: The Bohemian Voice. July,\n    1893; Portrait: Vicker\u2019s History of Bohemia; Gregor\u2019s Story of\n    Bohemia; Biography: J. E. S. Vojan in the English Section of Org\u00e1n\nHerrman, Augustine. Portrait and biography: New Amsterdam and its\n    People. J. H. Innes.\nHollar, Wenceslaus. Portrait and biography: Douce\u2019s edition, 1794, of\n    Dance of Death; portrait and biography: Vertue\u2019s Description of the\nHrbek, Jeffrey D. Biographical Sketch in his Linden Blossoms. Poems.\n    With foreword by C. F. Ansley. 8\u00ba. 126 pp. The Torch Press. Cedar\nHus, John. Portrait and biography: Hume\u2019s Portraits of Leading\n    Reformers. 1851; Illustrated London News, 119:821. 1901; Maurice\u2019s\n    Story of Bohemia; Rolt\u2019s Lives of the Principal Reformers, 12-22.\n    1759; De Schweinitz\u2019s The Unitas Fratrum; Vicker\u2019s History of\n    Bohemia; Gregor\u2019s Story of Bohemia; The Bohemian Voice. July, 1894;\n    Review of Reviews, 43:620-21. 1911; Portraits are very numerous.\n    The only monument in the United States to Hus stands in Bohemia\n    Village, Long Island. Description and picture in the Bohemian\nJanauschek, Frances. Portrait: McClure\u2019s Magazine. Sept., 1894. See\n    Drama.\nJerome of Prague. Portrait: Hume\u2019s Portraits of Leading Reformers.\n    1851; Rolt\u2019s Lives of Reformers. 1759.\nJir\u00e1sek, Alois. Portrait: Monroe\u2019s Bohemia and the \u010cechs.\nJon\u00e1\u0161, Charles. Portrait and biographical note: The Bohemian Voice.\nJungmann, Josef. Portrait: Vicker\u2019s History of Bohemia.\nKoll\u00e1r, Jan. Portrait and biographical note: The Bohemian Voice.\n    Aug., 1893; Vicker\u2019s History of Bohemia; Gregor\u2019s Story of\n    Bohemia. Biography: Louis Leger\u2019s article Le Po\u00e8te du Panslavisme,\n    translated for the Bohemian Voice. June to Sept., 1894; The Life of\n    ----, a biography. 32 pp. English version by John Kulamer, Slovak\n    version by Peter S. Kompi\u0161. Slovak League of America. Pittsburgh.\nKomensk\u00fd, John Amos. Portrait and biographical note: The Bohemian\n    Voice. Oct., 1892; Harper\u2019s Weekly, 36:326. 1892; Maurice\u2019s Story\n    of Bohemia; De Schweinitz\u2019s The Unitas Fratrum; Vicker\u2019s History of\n    Bohemia; Review of Reviews, 43:620-21. 1911.\nKubel\u00edk, Jan. Portraits: Century, 41:745. 1902; Critic, 40:6. 1902;\n    Harper\u2019s Weekly, 45:1131. 1901; same, 46:1. 1902; Illustrated\nKvapil, Jaroslav. Biography: \u0160\u00e1rka B. Hrbkova, Poet Lore, 27:76-80.\nL\u00fctzow, Count Francis. Biography: J. E. S. Vojan, English section of\n    Org\u00e1n Bratrstva \u010c. S. P. S. 24:55. 1916.\nMasaryk, Thomas G. Biography; J. E. S. Vojan, English section of\n    Org\u00e1n Bratrstva \u010c. S. P. S. 23:260. 1915; same, and portrait, The\n    Bohemian Review, 1:3-7. 1917.\nMucha, Alphonse M. Portrait: Lamp, 28:330. 1904.\nN\u00e1prstek, Vojta. Biography: Clara Vostrovsk\u00fd, The Sequoia, Palo Alto,\n    Cal., Mar. 8, 1895; Portrait and biography: The Bohemian Voice,\n    Sept., 1893; same, Oct. and Nov., 1894; Portrait: Monroe\u2019s Bohemia\n    and the \u010cechs.\nN\u011bmcov\u00e1, Bo\u017eena. Portrait and biographical note: The Bohemian Voice,\n    May, 1893; Biography: Frances Gregor\u2019s Grandmother.\nNeruda, Jan. Portrait and biographical note: The Bohemian Voice. June,\nOnd\u0159\u00ed\u010dek, Franti\u0161ek. Portrait and biographical note: The Bohemian\nPalack\u00fd, Franti\u0161ek. Portrait: Vicker\u2019s History of Bohemia; Gregor\u2019s\n    Story of Bohemia.\nRieger, Franti\u0161ek L. Portrait and biographical note: The Bohemian\nRokycana, Jan. Portrait: De Schweinitz\u2019s The Unitas Fratrum.\n\u0160afa\u0159\u00edk, Paul Josef. Portrait: Vicker\u2019s History of Bohemia.\nSl\u00e1dek, Josef V\u00e1clav. Portrait: Jacks\u2019 Robert Burns in other tongues,\nSmetana, Bed\u0159ich. Portrait and biographical note: The Bohemian Voice.\n    Feb., 1893; Baker\u2019s Biog. Dict. of Music., 549. 1900; Elson\u2019s\n    Modern Composers of Europe; Portraits: Monroe\u2019s Bohemia and the\n    \u010cechs; Review of Reviews. May, 1911; by Max \u0160vabinsk\u00fd in, Bohemia,\n    published by The Bohemian National Alliance in America. See Music.\nSv\u011btl\u00e1, Karolina. Portrait and biographical note: The Bohemian Voice.\nTyr\u0161, Miroslav. Portrait and biography: Introduction to the foundations\n    of gymnastics. See Sokols.\nVrchlick\u00fd, Jaroslav. Portrait and biographical note: The Bohemian\n    Voice. June, 1894; Biography by Charles Recht. Poet Lore.\n    24:309-11. 1913. Portrait: Monroe\u2019s Bohemia and the \u010cechs.\n\u017derot\u00edn, Lord Karel. Portrait: De Schweinitz\u2019s The Unitas Fratrum.\n\u017di\u017eka, Jan. Portrait of monument: The Bohemian Voice. Feb., 1894;\n    Portrait: Review of Reviews, 43:620-21. 1911.\n[Illustration:\n            compelled the States of _Bohemia_ to reiect the\n                 Archiduke Ferdinand &c. & inforced\n                        VVITH THE PROPOSITION\n              which was made vppon the first motion of the\n               chocie of th\u2019 _Elector Palatine_ to be King\n                  of _Bohemia_, by the States of that\n                  Kingdome in their publique assembly\n                   on the 16.th of August, being the\n                Translated out of the french copies.\nThe Reasons\nWhich compelled the Bohemian Estates to reject Ferdinand of Austria and\nchoose Frederick of the Palatinate as their King]\nV\nBOHEMIAN GLASS\nPUBLICATIONS\nDillon, Edward. Glass. 4\u00ba. 374 pp. Bohemian Glass, pp. 242-93. G. P.\n    Putnam\u2019s Sons. New York. 1907.\nSauzay, A. Wonders of Glass Making in all Ages. 63 engravings. Bohemia,\n    pp. 49-55; 146-47. Scribner, Armstrong & Co. New York. 1872.\nARTICLES\nBaker, James. The Glass Trade of Bohemia. Chamber\u2019s Journal. London.\nBohemian Glass. Illustrated. National Magazine. New York. 3:489-94.\nDyer, W. A. Bohemian Glassware. Illustrated. Country Life. New York.\nPowell, H. J. Glass-Blowing in Bohemia. Magazine of Art. New York.\nSchwartz, H. Bohemian Glass. Popular Science Monthly. New York.\nVI\nDICTIONARIES. GRAMMARS. INTERPRETERS\nPUBLICATIONS\nEli\u00e1\u0161ov\u00e1, B. M. (Cvi\u010debnice anglick\u00e9ho jazyka pro \u0161koly.) Text Book of\n    the English Language for Schools. 250 pp. Burs\u00edk & Kohout. Prague.\nFejfar, F. (Anglick\u00e1 fraseologie obchodn\u00ed.) Business Phraseology in\n    English. Prague. 1904.\nFrancl, F. (U\u010debnice jazyka anglick\u00e9ho pro samouky.) Text Book of the\n    English Language for Self-tuition. 248 pp. Bohemian Publishing and\n    Importing Co. New York. 1912-13.\nJon\u00e1\u0161, Charles. (\u010cesko-anglick\u00fd Tluma\u010d.) Bohemian English Interpreter.\n    Teaching English to the Bohemian Immigrant in America. Two parts.\n    Racine. 1865. Enlarged in 1884 under the title New American\n    Interpreter (Nov\u00fd Tluma\u010d Americk\u00fd). 16th edition in 1915.\n---- (Slovn\u00edk \u010desko-anglick\u00fd i anglicko-\u010desk\u00fd s dopl\u0148ky.) A complete\n    Pronouncing Dictionary of the English and Bohemian Languages, for\n    general use. Two parts: Bohemian-English and English-Bohemian.\n    1176 pp. Slavie. Racine. 1876. Numerous editions since.\n---- Bohemian Made Easy. A practical Bohemian course for English\n    speaking people. 294 pp. Racine. 1890.\nJung, V. A. Unabridged Dictionary of the English and Bohemian\n    Languages. 8\u00ba. 1576 pp. J. Otto. Prague. 1911.\nKrupi\u010dka, Franti\u0161ek. (U\u010debnice jazyka anglick\u00e9ho pro obchodn\u00ed\n    akademie.) Text Book of the English Language for the use of\n    business schools. Society for the support of the Bohemian Slavic\n    Business Academy in Prague. Three parts. 442 pp. 1907.\nMorfill, R. W. A Grammar of the Bohemian or \u010cech Language. 8\u00ba. 170 pp.\n    Clarendon Press. Oxford. 1899.\nMourek, V. E. (Slovn\u00edk jazyka anglick\u00e9ho i \u010desk\u00e9ho.) A Dictionary of\n    the English and Bohemian Languages. Two parts: English-Bohemian and\n    Bohemian-English. I. L. Kober. Prague. 1879. Second edition, Otto\n    Holtze\u2019s Nachfolger. Leipsic. 1912.\n---- (U\u010debn\u00e9 listy jazyka anglick\u00e9ho pro samouky.) Lessons in English\n    for Self-tuition. Two parts. 748 pp. F. A. Urb\u00e1nek. Prague. 1889.\nNigrin, Jaroslav Victor. Bohemian Grammar. (Bohemian Made Easy.) 200\n    pp. Slavie Publishing Company, Chicago. 1918.\nPac\u00e1k, L. English for Emigrants. 119 pp. Prague. 1912.\nShearer, James William. A combination method of instruction for\n    quickly teaching English pronounciation to foreigners. Bohemian.\n    144 pp. William R. Jenkins Company. New York. 1914.\nSl\u00e1dek, J. V. (Anglick\u00e1 \u010d\u00edtanka se slovn\u00ed\u010dkem.) English Reader and\n    Pocket Dictionary in one. Prague. 1875.\n---- (Pr\u016fpravn\u00e1 mluvnice anglick\u00e9ho jazyka.) Preparatory Grammar of the\n    English Language. 294 pp. F. \u0158ivn\u00e1\u010d. Prague.\nSoukup, Anthony M. (Praktick\u00e1 \u0161kola anglick\u00e9ho jazyka.) Practical\n    School of the English Language. 366 pp. By the author. Chicago.\n---- (Znalec angli\u010diny.) Teacher of English. New English Grammar. 250\n    pp. By the author. Chicago. 1899.\n---- (\u010cten\u00e1\u0159 novin anglick\u00fdch.) English Newspaper Reader. 240 pp. By\n    the author. Chicago. 1900.\n---- (Nov\u00fd velk\u00fd anglicko-\u010desk\u00fd slovn\u00edk.) New Unabridged\n    English-Bohemian Dictionary. 360 pp. By the author. Chicago. 1900.\n---- (Samouk \u010desko-anglick\u00fd.) English Self-Taught. 144 pp. By the\n    author. Chicago. 1906.\nStraka, Adolf W. English Grammar. Prague. 1862.\nV\u00e1\u0148a, Jan. (Stru\u010dn\u00e1 anglick\u00e1 mluvnice.) Brief English Grammar and\n    Reader. Prefaced by, How to Pronounce. For the use of schools and\n    self-instruction. 160 pp. 3rd revised edition. Prague. 1911.\n---- Pocket Dictionary of the English-Bohemian and Bohemian-English\n    Languages. Two parts. 16\u00ba. 474 pp. Jind\u0159ich Lorenz. T\u0159eb\u00ed\u010d.\nVymazal, F. (Anglicky snadno a rychle.) Easy Method for Learning\n    English Quickly. 70 pp. F. Ba\u010dkovsk\u00fd. Prague. 1902.\nZdr\u016fbek, F. B. (Anglick\u00e1 mluvnice.) English Grammar, or a new proved\n    method to learn to read, write and speak English in three months.\n    206 pp. Cedar Rapids. 1870.\n---- (Nov\u00e1 anglick\u00e1 mluvnice.) New English Grammar. Do you speak\n    English? \u010cen\u011bk Duras. Omaha. 1874; same, amplified, two parts. 272\n    pp. August Geringer. Chicago. 1874.\n---- (\u010c\u00edtanka prvn\u00ed s obr\u00e1zky.) Illustrated First Reader for the use of\n    American-Bohemian Schools. 116 pp. August Geringer. Chicago. 1875.\n---- (Anglick\u00fd vyslovovatel.) English Pronouncer, for the use of\n    American-Bohemian Schools and Self-instruction. 215 pp. August\n    Geringer. Chicago. 1883.\n---- (Kapesn\u00ed slovn\u00edk anglick\u00e9 a \u010desk\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di.) A Pocket Dictionary\n    of the Bohemian and English Languages, with full pronunciation\n    and accentuation. Part 1, English and Bohemian, 288 pp. Part 2,\n    Bohemian and English, 390 pp. August Geringer. Chicago. 1886.\n---- (\u010ceskoanglick\u00fd Tluma\u010d.) Bohemian and English Interpreter. 258 pp.\n    August Geringer. Chicago. 1898.\nZmrhal, Jaroslav J. (Anglicky snadno ve t\u0159iceti \u00faloh\u00e1ch.) Easy Method\n    for Learning English in Thirty Lessons. 112 pp. August Geringer.\nVII\nDRAMA\nARTICLES\nHilbert, Jaroslav. Whom the Gods destroy. A one-act drama of the war of\n    1866. Prefaced and translated by Charles Recht. Poet Lore. Boston.\nHrbkova, \u0160\u00e1rka B. A Brief History of Modern Bohemian Drama. University\n    (of Nebraska) Bulletin. Lincoln. July, 1914.\nJanauschek, Francesca Romana Magdalena. Famous American Actors of\n    today, by F. E. McKay. Janauschek, pp. 18-25. Portrait. 8\u00ba. T. Y.\n    Crowell & Co. New York. 1896.\n---- Passing of ----. Current Literature. New York. 33:395. Oct., 1902.\n---- Estimate of ----. E. Fuller. Bookman. New York. 20:541-3. Feb.,\n---- Portraits of ----. McClure\u2019s Magazine. New York. 3:346-47. 1894.\nKvapil, Jaroslav. The Will o\u2019 the Wisp; a drama in four acts.\n    Translated by \u0160\u00e1rka B. Hrbkova. Poet Lore. Boston. 27:1-75. Jan.,\n---- Appreciation of ----, dramatist. By \u0160\u00e1rka B. Hrbkova. Poet\n    Lore. Boston. 27:76-80. Jan., 1916; same, Komensk\u00fd, Organ of the\n    Federation of Komensk\u00fd Educational Clubs. Omaha. June, 1917.\n---- The Clouds. A play in three acts. Translated by Charles Recht.\n    Poet Lore. Boston. 21:417-66. Nov. and Dec., 1910.\n\u0160ubert, Franti\u0161ek Adolf. Jan V\u00fdrava; a drama in five acts. Translated\n    by \u0160\u00e1rka B. Hrbkova. Poet Lore. Boston. 26:281-350. 1915.\n---- The Four Bare Walls; a drama in four acts. Translated by Beatrice\n    M. M\u011bkota and Francis Haffkine Snow. Poet Lore. Boston. 28:497-552.\n    The Message of The Four Bare Walls, p. 553. Autumn. 1917.\nVrchlick\u00fd, Jaroslav (Emil Frida). At the Chasm; one-act play for the\n    library table. Translated by Charles Recht. Poet Lore. Boston.\n---- By Charles Recht. Poet Lore. Boston. 24:309-11. 1913.\n---- The Witness. Translated by Charles Recht. Poet Lore. Boston.\n---- Vengeance of Catullus. Translated by Charles Recht. Poet Lore.\n---- and his place in Bohemian Drama. Charles Recht. Poet Lore. Boston.\nVIII\nFICTION\nPUBLICATIONS\nAlcock, Deborah. Crushed, yet Conquering: a Story of Constance and\n    Bohemia. 576 pp. Fleming H. Revell Company. New York. 1892.\nBaker, James. The Gleaming Dawn. A Romance of the Middle Ages. 8\u00ba. 391\n    pp. Chapman and Hall. London. 1896.\n---- The Cardinal\u2019s Page. A Story of Historical Adventure. Bohemia in\n    the fifteenth century. 8\u00ba. 314 pp. Chapman and Hall. London. 1899.\n---- Mark Tillotson. 8\u00ba. 548 pp. Chapman and Hall. London.\nBertram, Paul. The Fifth Trumpet: A story of the last years of the\n    Council at Constance. John Lane Co. London and New York. 1912.\nCrawford, F. Marion. The Witch of Prague. A Fantastic Tale.\n    Illustrated. 8\u00ba. 435 pp. The Macmillan Company. London. 1891.\nHay, Marie. The Winter Queen. Being the unhappy history of Elizabeth\n    Stuart, Electress Palatine, Queen of Bohemia. A Romance. 8\u00ba. 432\n    pp. Houghton Mifflin Company. New York and Boston. 1910.\nKopta, Flora P. The Forestman of Vimpek. A Bohemian Forest Village\n    Story. 8\u00ba. 345 pp. Lathrop Publishing Company. Boston. 1900.\nKryshanovskaya, V. I. The Torch-Bearers of Bohemia. Translated from the\n    Russian by Juliet M. Soskice. 302 pp. Chatto and Windus. London.\nLeslie, Emma. Before the Dawn. A Tale of Wicliffe and Bohemia.\n    Illustrated. 240 pp. The Religious Tract Society. London. 1880.\nLucas, Annie. Wenzel\u2019s Inheritance; or, Faithful unto Death. A Story of\n    the Hussites. T. Nelson & Sons. London. 1880.\nMorfill, R. W. The Last Days of John Hus. A Historical Romance.\n    Anonymous. Translated from the original \u010cech and prefaced by\n    ----. Illustrations by J. D\u011bdina. 8\u00ba. 173 pp. The Religious Tract\n    Society. London. 1909.\nMylechreest, Winifred B. The Fairest of the Stuarts (Queen Elizabeth of\n    Bohemia). 8\u00ba. S. Low, Marston & Co. London. 1912.\nN\u011bmcov\u00e1, Bo\u017eena. The Grandmother (Babi\u010dka). A Story of Country Life in\n    Bohemia. Translated with a biographical sketch of the authoress, by\n    Frances Gregor. 8\u00ba. 352 pp. A. C. McClurg and Co. Chicago. 1892.\nPaalzow, Henriette von. Thomas Thyrnau: The Citizen of Prague.\n    Translated from the German by Mary Howitt. 12\u00ba. 3 vs. London. 1846.\nRam\u00e9e, Louise de la (Ouida.) Strathmore; or, Wrought by His Own Hand.\n    A Life Romance. 12\u00ba. 622 pp. J. B. Lippincott & Co. Philadelphia.\nSand, George (Amantine Lucile Aurore Dupin Dudevant). Consuelo.\n    Translated from the French by Francis G. Shaw. 12\u00ba. W. H. Graham.\n    New York. 1848. Numerous translations.\n---- The Countess of Rudolstadt. Sequel to Consuelo. Translated by\n    Francis G. Shaw. 12\u00ba. W. D. Ticknor & Co. Boston. 1847. Numerous\n    translations.\n\u0160milovsk\u00fd, Alois Vojt\u011bch. Heavens (Nebesa). Translated from the Czech\n    by V. E. and Jane Mourek. 8\u00ba. Bliss & Sands. London. 1894.\nSv\u011btl\u00e1, Karolina. Maria Felicia, the Last Mistress of Hlohov. A Story\n    of Bohemian Love. Translated by Antonie Krejsa. 278 pp. A. C.\n    McClurg and Co. Chicago. 1900.\nVickers, Robert H. Zawis and Kunigunde, a Bohemian Tale. 307 pp. C. H.\n    Kerr & Company. Chicago. 1895.\nWinlow, Clara Vostrovsk\u00fd. Barbora: Our Little Bohemian Cousin.\n    Illustrated. 12\u00ba. 99 pp. L. C. Page & Company. Boston. 1911.\n[Illustration:\n                   OF THE CAVSES, FOR THE WHICH,\n                    WEE Frederick, BY THE GRACE\n                      OF GOD KING OF Bohemia,\n                       COVNT PALATINE OF THE\n                   _ACCEPTED OF THE CROWNE OF_\n                  Bohemia, AND OF THE COVNTRYES\n                  Printed by _Abraham Schilders_.\nThe Declaration\nWhy Frederick of the Palatinate accepted the Bohemian Crown]\nARTICLES\nArbes, Jakub. A Modern Bohemian Novelist. By J. J. Kr\u00e1l. Poet Lore.\n---- Newton\u2019s Brain. Translated by J. J. Kr\u00e1l. Poet Lore. Boston.\n    4:429-634. Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec., 1892. Reprinted in Clever\n    Tales. Copeland and Day. Boston.\n---- Under a Bush of Lilacs. Translated by J. J. Kr\u00e1l. Poet Lore.\n    Boston. 4:318-28. June, July, 1892. Reprinted in Clever Tales, a\n    collection of Twelve Stories by European authors. Copeland and Day.\n---- The Solomon of a Country Town. Translated by J. J. Kr\u00e1l. The\n    Bohemian Voice. Omaha. May, June, July, Aug., 1894.\nArt-Life in Bohemia. All the Year Round. (A weekly journal conducted by\n    Charles Dickens.) London. 23:601-9. 1870.\nBene\u0161-T\u0159eb\u00edzsk\u00fd, V\u00e1clav. Farmer Kr\u00e1kora. Translated. The Bohemian\n    Voice. Omaha. Oct., 1894.\nBreuer, Libbie A. St. Lucy\u2019s Eve. A Bohemian legend. University of\n    Texas Magazine. Austin. Nov., 1910.\n---- A Bohemian Ballad in verse. University of Texas Magazine. Austin.\n\u010cech, Svatopluk. The Woes of a Literary Critic. Translated by Thomas\n    \u010capek. The Bohemian Voice. Omaha. July, 1893.\n---- The Tailor and the Sparrow. Translated by J. J. Kr\u00e1l. The Bohemian\n    Voice. Omaha. Apr., 1894.\n---- A Pawned Character (Zastaven\u00e1 povaha). Englished by Rose M.\n    Humpal. The International Magazine. Chicago. 1:267-70. Oct., 1896.\n---- Same, translated by J. J. Kr\u00e1l, under title, Character in Pawn.\n    Truthseeker. New York. 1901.\nHerites, Franti\u0161ek. A City Son. Translated by Thomas \u010capek. The\n    Bohemian Voice. Omaha. May, 1893.\nN\u011bmcov\u00e1, Bo\u017eena. Twelve Months (Dvan\u00e1ct m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f). Translated by Flora\n    P. Kopta. Illustrated by F. C. Gordon. Short Stories Magazine. New\nNeruda, Jan. How She Ruined a Beggar. Translated by Thomas \u010capek. The\n    Bohemian Voice. Omaha. May, 1893.\n---- He was a Rascal. Translated by Clara Vostrovsk\u00fd. The Bohemian\n    Voice. Omaha. Feb., 1894.\n---- The Little White Stranger (Ballada D\u011btsk\u00e1.) Adapted by Libbie A.\n    Breuer from a poem by ----. University of Texas Magazine, Austin.\n---- A Week in a Quiet House. Translated by Guido Bruno. Lantern.\n    Chicago. Dec., 1913; Jan., and Feb., 1914.\n---- Stories Told by the Moon. Translated by Guido Bruno. Saturday\n    Lantern. Chicago. Jan., 1914.\n---- Day and Night. Translated by Guido Bruno. Greenwich Village. New\n---- Dead Men\u2019s Eyes: After a Motive in Trhani (Hoboes). Translated by\n    Guido Bruno. Greenwich Village. New York. 1:26. Feb., 1915.\n---- A Reporter\u2019s Diary. Translated by Guido Bruno. The Bohemian\n    Review. Chicago. 1:9-13. Nov., 1917.\nSvobodov\u00e1, R\u016f\u017eena. The Penitence of Bla\u017eena. Translated by Beatrice M.\n    M\u011bkota. The Storyteller\u2019s Magazine. New York. Christmas. 1916.\nZeyer, Julius. Phenicia\u2019s Sin. Englished by Frances Gregor. The\n    International Magazine. Chicago. 1:147-62. Sept., 1896.\nIX\nFOLK AND FAIRY TALES. MYTHOLOGY. LEGENDS\nPUBLICATIONS\nCarlyle, Thomas. Tales translated from the German. Libussa; a myth\n    about the origin of Bohemia, pp. 58-97. Chapman and Hall. London.\nCurtin, Jeremiah. Myths and Folk Tales of the Russians, Western Slavs\n    and Magyars. 8\u00ba. 555 pp. Six Chekh Myths and Folk Tales, pp.\n    273-370. Little, Brown & Co. Boston. 1890.\n---- Fairy Tales of Eastern Europe. Illustrated in color by Geo. Hood.\n    259 pp. Three Fairy Tales from the Bohemian. McBride, Nast & Co.\nCzech Folk Tales. Collected and translated from different Czech\n    sources. Illustrated. By Josef Baudi\u0161. 8\u00ba. 175 pp. George Allen &\n    Unwin. London. 1917.\nMythology of all Races. Herbert Gray, editor. The Slavic Section, by\n    Jan M\u00e1chal of the Bohemian University of Prague. Marshall, Jones\n    Company. Boston. 1917.\nNaak\u00e9, John T. Slavonic Fairy Tales. Collected and translated from the\n    Russian, Servian, Polish and Bohemian. 12\u00ba. 272 pp. 4 pl. H. S.\n    King & Co. London. 1847.\nVernalecken, Theodore. In the Land of Marvels. Folk Tales from Austria\n    and Bohemia. Sonnenschein & Co. London. 1884.\nWratislaw, A. H. Sixty Folk Tales from exclusively Slavonic sources.\n    Translated from the Bohemian, with ... introduction and notes based\n    on Karel J. Erben\u2019s Folk Tales. 12\u00ba. 315 pp. E. Stock. London. 1889.\nARTICLES\nKoerner, K. T. Hans Heilings Rocks: a Bohemian Legend. Translated from\n    the German of ----. Blackwood\u2019s Magazine. Edinburgh and New York.\nLegends of the Giant Mountains of Bohemia. Colburn\u2019s New Monthly.\nX\nGUIDES\nPUBLICATIONS\nBaedeker, Karl. Section V. Bohemia and Moravia, pp. 219-72. Leipsic.\n    London. New York. 1900.\nBohemian Section at the Austrian Exhibition, Earl\u2019s Court, London,\n    1906. Under the auspices of the City Council of the Royal Capital\n    Prague and under the honorary presidency of Francis Count L\u00fctzow\n    and Vladim\u00edr Srb, ex-mayor of Prague. With a Guide to the Bohemian\n    Section and the Kingdom of Bohemia. 224 pp. Illustrated. Map. Plan.\n    Alois Wiesner. Prague. 1906.\nGuide, to Carlsbad. By Franz R. von Gintl. Translated by Henry S.\n    Langridge. Otto Maass\u2019 Sons. Vienna. 1909.\n---- of the Bohemian Union for promoting visits of foreigners to the\n    Kingdom of Bohemia. Illustrated. 40 pp. Prague. 1911.\n---- to Prague and to the Kingdom of Bohemia. Illustrated. 105 pp.\n    Bohemian Union for promoting visits of foreigners to the Kingdom of\n    Bohemia. Unie. Prague.\n---- of the City of Prague. Illustrated. 12 pp. Bohemian Union for\n    promoting visits of foreigners to the Kingdom of Bohemia. Prague.\n---- to the Royal Castle on the Hradschin in Prague. 4 pp.\n---- to Luha\u010dovice, Moravia. Cure Resort. Illustrated. Politika. Prague.\nXI\nHISTORY\nPUBLICATIONS[13]\n  [13] Most, if not all, the seventeenth century publications here listed\n  are found in the British Museum.\nA Declaration of the Cavses, for the which, Wee Frederick, ... By the\n    Grace of God King of Bohemia, ... Covnt Palatine of the Rhine,\n    Elector of the Second Empire, etc., haue accepted of the Crowne\n    of Bohemia and of the Covntryes therevnto annexed. 4\u00ba. 23 pp.\n    Middlebvrg. Printed by Abraham Schilders. Nov. 7, 1619.\nA Short Relation of the Departure of the high and mightie Prince\n    Frederick King Elect of Bohemia: With his royall & vertuous Ladie\n    Elizabeth. And thryse hopefull yong Prince Henrie, from Heydelberg\n    towards Prague, to receive the Crowne of that Kingdome. Whearunto\n    is annexed the Solempnitie or maner of the Coronation. Translated\n    out of dutch. And now both togither published (with other reasons,\n    and iustifications) to give satisfaction to the world, as touching\n    the ground, and truth, of his Maties proceedings, & vndertakings\n    of that Kingdome of Bohemia: lawfully and freelie Elected, by\n    the generall consent of the States, not ambitiouslie aspiring\n    thearvnto, etc. 4\u00ba. Printed by George Waters. At Dort. 1619.\nNewes from Bohemia. An Apologie Made by the States of the Kingdome of\n    Bohemia, shewing the Reasons why those of the Reformed Religion\n    were moued to take Armes, for the defence of the King and\n    themselues, especially against the dangerous Sect of Iesuites. With\n    a plaine Declaration, that those who belong vnto the Monasteries\n    and Ecclesiasticall Iurisdiction (according vnto his Maiesties\n    Letters, and Agreements made betweene the States of the Reformed\n    Religion and the Papists) haue good right, as being Subiects of\n    the Imperiall Maiestie, to the peaceable exercise of their Diuine\n    Seruice, and building of Churches. Translated out of the Dutch into\n    Latine, and thence into English, by Will. Philip. Printed by George\n    Purslow for Ralph Rounthwaite and are to bee sold at his Shop, at\n    the Signe of the Flower de luce and Crowne, in Pauls Church-Yard.\nThe Reasons which Compelled the States of Bohemia to reiect the\n    Archiduke Ferdinand, etc., inforced them to elect a new king.\n    Togeather vvith The Proposition which was made vpon the first\n    motion of the chocie (choice) of th\u2019 Elector Palatine to be King of\n    Bohemia, by the States of that Kingdome in their publique assembly\n    on the 16th of August, being the birth day of the same Elector\n    Palatine. Translated out of the french copies. 4\u00ba. 30 pp. By John\n    Harrison. Printet by George Waters. At Dort. 1619.\nGallants, to Bohemia, Or, let vs to the Warres againe: Shewing the\n    forwardnesse of our English Souldiers, both in times past, and at\n    this present. To a pleasant new Warlike tune. In two parts, with\n    two cuts. Imprinted at London, by G. E. 1619.\nThe Declaration and Information of the High and Puissant King of\n    Bohemia, against the vniust Mandates in the name of the Emperour:\n    As also against those that are further threatned to be decreed and\n    executed, touching the Crowne of Bohemia. Given at Prague the 1. of\n    July, 1620. No imprint. London.\nA Most true Relation of the late Proceedings in Bohemia, Germany and\n    Hungaria. Dated the 1. the 10. and the 13. of July, this present\n    yeere 1620. As also the happie Arrivall of Sir Andrew Gray into\n    Lusatia. Together with the Articles of Peace betweene Maximilian,\n    Elector of Bavaria, on the part of the Catholikes and Joachim\n    Ernest, Margrave of Brandenburg, on the part of the Princes of the\n    Reformed Religion in Germany in the Citie of Ulme, the third of\n    July last. Faithfully translated out of the high Dutch. 4\u00ba. 14 pp.\n    Ornamented. Dort. 1620.\nA Letter written by a French Gent: of the King of Bohemia his Army:\n    Concerning the Emperour Ferdinand his Embassage into France.\n    Translated out of the French Coppie. 4\u00ba. 13 pp. Printed at\n    Flushing. 1620.\nThe Popes (Paul V.) Complaint to his Minion Cardinals, against the good\n    successe of the Bohemians and their generall Proceedings. In verse.\nProsopopoe. Or, a Conference held at Angelo Castle, between the Pope,\n    the Emperor, and the King of Spaine. In verse. 1620(?).\nThe Late Good successe and victory, which it pleased God to give to\n    some of the King of Bohemia\u2019s Forces, vnder the Conduct of the\n    Prince Anhalt, Generall for the said King, Against the two great\n    Generalls of the Emperour, Bucquoy and Dampiere, atchieued neare\n    Horne in Austria. With many other considerable things concerning\n    the affaires of that Countrye. Vnto which is added the Articles\n    of agreement, made betweene the said King of Bohemia and Bethlem\n    Gaber, Prince of Hungaria and Transiluania. Printed by Abrahm\n    Schilders. Middleburg. 1620.\nA Cleare Demonstration that Ferdinand is by his own demerits fallen\n    from the Kingdome of Bohemia and the incorporate Provinces. Written\n    by Nobleman of Polonia. And translated out of the second edition\n    enlarged. Printed by George Waters. 4\u00ba. 25 pp. Dort. 1620.\nAn Answere to the Qvestion: Whether the Emperour that now is, can bee\n    Iudge in the Bohemian Controuersie or no? Together with the Extract\n    taken out of the Acts of the Dyet at Auspurghe, in the yeare 1584;\n    Concerning the Kingdome of Bohemia. 1620.\nTwo Letters of Embassies. The one Sent by the States of Bohemia, to\n    the Elector of Saxony. The other from the Popes Holines to the\n    Emperour, concerning the Troubles of Germany. (William Barlow\n    writes dedication to H. C. & Thos. Frodringham to W. B.) Printet\n    (!) at Amsterdam. 1620.\n[Illustration: Elizabeth Stuart (1596-1662)\nDaughter of James I. of England, wife of Frederick of the Palatinate,\nQueen of Bohemia from 1619 to 1620]\nA Proclamation made by the High and Mighty Fredericke by the Grace\n    of God King of Bohemia, etc., Commanding All those his Subjects\n    (altered in MS. to Feodaries) which are now in the Service of his\n    Majesties Enemies, to repair Home within the space of 14. dayes,\n    vpon paine of his Highnes displeasure, and Confiscation of Goods\n    and Lands. Translated out of the Dutch Coppie 4\u00ba. 6 pp. Printed at\nA Relation Containing the Manner of the Solemnities at the Election\n    and Coronation of Ferdinand the Emperour, in Francford the 30. of\n    August last past, 1619. With other occurrences in Bohemia, and\n    divers parts of Germany, for three Moneths last past. 4\u00ba. 43 pp.\n    Printed for Robert Mylbourne. London. 1620.\nThe Trve Copies of Svndrie Letters concerning the Affaires of Bohemia,\n    as they have beene seuerally written in High Dutch, Latine and\n    French, to Princes, and other men of account. Ornamented. No\n    imprint nor note of the translator. 1620.\nThe Present State of the Affaires betwixt the Emperor and the King\n    of Bohemia, and their Confederates as it hath beene very Truely\n    related, by certaine Letters Sent by Persons of extraordinary\n    qualities, etc. Together with the occurents lately happened in the\n    Armies of Generall Veere, the Princes of the Vnion and Spinola.\n    Translated out of the French, and High Dutch Coppies. 4\u00ba. 22 pp.\nThe Bohemian Lawes or Rights Defended, Against the Informer: or an\n    Answer to an Information, falsly so called, secretly printed and\n    divulged against the Writings published by the States of Bohemia.\n    Translated out of Latin by I. H. (John Harrison). This is followed\n    by & forms one with: The Instruments of the Pactions or Conditions\n    concerning a Perpetuall Succession in the Kingdomes of Hungary and\n    Bohemia, and the Provinces thereunto belonging. 4\u00ba. 16 pp. 1620.\nA Plaine Demonstration of the Vnlawful Succession of the now Emperovr\n    Ferdinand the Second, because of the incestuous Marriage of his\n    Parents. Translated out of the Latine printed copie. Printed at the\nBohemia Regnum Electivum. That is, A Plaine and True Relation of the\n    proceeding of the States of Bohemia, from the first foundation of\n    that Province, by Free Election of Princes and Kings vnto Ferdinand\n    the eighteenth King of the house of Austria. Wherein is evidently\n    manifested, that the first Princes were elected, and no true and\n    simple Hereditary Succession established, nor practiced in all that\n    time, containing about 900. yeares; taken out of vnpartial and\n    Classique Authors. 4\u00ba. 26 pp. 1620. No further imprint.\nThe Last Newes from Bohemia, with all the adioyning Prouinces that be\n    now vp in Armes. Wherein is related all the passages that haue\n    happened since the high and mighty Prince Elector Palatine of the\n    Rhine was elected and Crowned King of Bohemia, with other accidents\n    very delightfull to the Reader. 4\u00ba. 1620.\nEn English-Man\u2019s Love to Bohemia; with a friendly Farewell to all the\n    noble souldiers that goe from Great Britaine to that honorable\n    expedition, etc. In verse by John Taylor. 4\u00ba. 10 pp. Dort. With\n    the arms of Sir M. M. Sykes stamped on the covers. London. 1620.\nThe Instruments of the pactions or conditions concerning a perpetuall\n    succession in the Kingdomes of Hungary and Bohemia and the\n    prouinces thereunto belonging ... made at Prague, Philip the III.\n    King of Spaine, renouncing his right.... Ferdinand, Arch-Duke of\n    Austria accepting ... them.... Mathias the II. Emperor of Rome ...\n    confirming them. 16 pp. London. (?) 1620.\nTwo Letters or Embassies. The one Sent by the States of Bohemia to\n    the Elector of Saxony: the other from the Popes Holines to the\n    Emperour, concerning the Troubles of Germany. Translated by W.\n    Barlow. 4\u00ba. Amsterdam. 1620.\nA Briefe Description of the reasons that make the Declaration of the\n    Ban made against the King of Bohemia, as being Elector Palatine,\n    Dated the 22 of Januarie last past, of no value nor worth, and\n    therefore not to be respected. 4\u00ba. 13 pp. Printed at the Hayf by\n    Arnold Meuris. 1621.\nA True Relation of the Bloudy Execution, lately performed by the\n    Commaundment of the Emperors Maiestie, vpon the persons of some\n    Chiefe statesmen, and others, in Prague, the chiefe City of the\n    Kingdom of Bohemia; the 11th of June, 1621. With the Manner and\n    Proceedings therein observed. Faithfully translated out of the\n    Dutch copye. 4\u00ba. 24 pp. Printed the 21st of July, 1621.\nThe King of Bohemia\u2019s Welcome to Count Mansfield, And into the\n    Palatinate: With the defeat of Bavaria\u2019s and Monsieur Tilley\u2019s\n    Army, since his Arrivall: (the King being there in person). Their\n    resolution to March into Bavaria. The Papists feare of his good\n    successe, and further progression: And many other remarkable things\n    concerning Brvnswick and his Actions. Faithfully taken out of the\n    Letters of best Credit. 4\u00ba. 19 pp. Printed. 1622.\nThe Apollogie of the illustrious Prince Ernestus, Earle of Mansfield, &\n    Wherein from his first Entertainment, are laid open the Occasions\n    of his Warres in Bohemia, Austria, and the Palatinate, with his\n    faithfull Services to the King of Bohemia. Translated out of the\n    Originall French coppie. 4\u00ba. 76 pp. Printed at Heidelbergh. 1622.\nThe Continvation of the German History. Part V. The History of the\n    Present Warres of Germany. Part VI. The German History Continued.\n    Part VII. The Modern History of the World. Printed for Nath. Butter\n    and Nicholas Bourne. London. 1632-35.\nThe Great and Famous Battle of Lutzen, fought between the renowned\n    King of Sweden and Walstain. Wherein were left dead upon the Place\n    between Five and Six Thousand of the Imperialists, where the King\n    himself was unfortunately slain, whose Death counterpoised all\n    the other. Pappenheim, Merode, Isolani, and divers other great\n    Commanders, were offered up like so many Sacrifices on the Swedish\n    Alter, to the memory of their King. Here is also inserted an\n    Abridgdment of the King of Bohemia\u2019s Death, faithfully translated\n    out of the French copy. 4\u00ba. 45 pp. London. 1633.\nThe Relation of the Death of Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von Waldstein,\n    the Duke of Friedland. Together with the cause thereof. A coppy of\n    the oath taken by his Commandere (to be faithfull unto him) but a\n    little before the same, etc. London. 1634.\nMonroe or Munro, Robert Colonel. Monro his expedition with the worthy\n    Scots Regiment (called Mac-Keyes Regiment) levied in August 1626 by\n    Sir Donald Mac-Key Lord Rhees, Colonell for his Majesties service\n    of Denmark, and reduced after the Battaile of Nerling, to one\n    Company in September 1634, at Wormes in the Paltz.... Collected and\n    gathered together ... by Colonell Robert Monro, etc. Dedicated to\n    the Elector Palatine, son of Frederick. Part I, 84 pp., and table.\n    Part II, 244 pp., and table. 8\u00ba. Printed by William Jones. London.\nA Protestation of the Most High and Mighty Prince Charles Lodowicke,\n    Count Palatine of the Rhine, Archidapifer, and Prince Elector of\n    the sacred Empire, Duke of Bavaria, etc. Translated out of the\n    High-Dutch, into English, French, and Latine and Printed at London\n    for Richard Whitaker. 4\u00ba. 26 pp. 1637.\nThe Dutie of Sir Francis Wortley deliniated, in his pious pitty and\n    Christian Commiseration of the sorrowes or sufferings of the most\n    vertuous, yet unfortunate lady Elizabeth, queene of Bohemia;\n    being a dedication to fame and truth, prefer\u2019d to both the houses\n    of Parliament. By her humble servant and honourer, Sir Francis\n    Wortley, Knight and barronet. London. 1641.\nA Declaration of his Highness, for a collection towards the relief of\n    divers Protestant Churches driven out of Poland; and of twenty\n    Protestant families driven out of the confines of Bohemia. Printed\n    by Henry Hills and John Field. London. 1658.\nAn Animadversion upon the late Lord Protector\u2019s Declaration, for the\n    distressed Churches of Lesna, etc. London. 1659.\nA Prospect of Hungary, and Transylvania, With a Catalogue of the\n    Kings of the one, and the Princes of the other; Together with an\n    account of the Qualities of the Inhabitants, the Commodities of the\n    Countries, ... An Historical Narration of the bloody Wars amongst\n    themselves, and with the Turks; continued to this present Year\n    1664. As also A brief Description of Bohemia.... 4\u00ba. Printed for\n    William Miller. London. 1664.\nDeath of John of Luxembourg, King of Bohemia, described in The French\n    King Conquered by the English. 8\u00ba. 31 pp. Printed for William Birch\n    at the Sign of the Peacock, at the lower end of Cheapside. London.\nThe Annals of King James and King Charles the First. Both of Happy\n    Memory. Containing a Faithful History, and impartial Account of the\n    Great Affairs of State, and Transactions of Parliaments in England,\n    etc. Printed by Tho. Braddyll, for Robert Clavel, at the Peacock in\n    St. Pauls Church-yard, London. 1681.\nHistorical Register and Chronicle of English Affairs, before and\n    after the restoration of King Charles II. Comprehending the most\n    authentick materials relating to the Transactions of this Kingdom,\n    Ecclesiastical, Civil and Military. Letter by Joh. A. Comenius\n    (Latin) on behalf of the Bohemian Church, dated Amsterdam Sep.,\nBenger, Elizabeth Ogilvie. Memoirs of Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of\n    Bohemia, daughter of King James the First. 2 vs. 8\u00ba. Longmans,\n    Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green. London. 1825.\nBerkeley, George Monck. Literary Relics; containing Original Letters\n    from King Charles II., King James, the Queen of Bohemia, Swift,\n    Berkeley, Addison, Steele, Congreve, The Duke of Ormond and the\n    Bishop Rundle; with an Inquiry into the Life of Dean Swift. London.\nBlaz\u00e9, de Bury (Marie Rose Stewart). Memoirs of the Princess Palatine\n    of Bohemia; including her correspondence with the great men of her\n    day. 8\u00ba. 400 pp. R. Bentley. London. 1853.\nBohemia. Elizabeth, Queen of ----. Twenty-five Unpublished Letters from\n    the Queen of Bohemia, daughter of James I. to Sir Edward Nicholas\n    between April, 1655 to January, 1656. Footnotes by John Evans. The\n    letters which passed between the Queen and Sir Edward, from August,\n    1654 to January, 1655, fifteen in number, have been published in\n    the Appendix to Evelyn\u2019s Diary, edited by Bray. Arch\u00e6logia: or,\n    Miscellaneous Tracts relating to Antiquity. Society of Antiquaries\n    in 1758 to the Year 1819. London. 1826. Invaded by the King\n    of Prussia, 1:9, 16, 42; Battle of Prague, 1:16; Prince Henry\n    enters, 2:9; Ravaged by the Prussians, 14:83, 16:43; Mortality in,\n    15:152, 16:43; Abridgment of statute work, 18:153; Insurrections\n    in, 18:151, 103, 187; Abolition of slavery, 27:13; Enrolment of a\n---- A Brief Evaluation of Bohemia\u2019s Contribution to Civilization.\n    Illustrated. Edited by J. J. Zmrhal and Vojta Bene\u0161. Articles by:\n    Harry Pratt Judson, Bohemia--A Foreword. J. J. Zmrhal, Contribution\n    to Literature. J. E. S. Vojan, Music. Vojta Bene\u0161, Art. L. J.\n    Fisher, The Sokols. 64 pp. The Bohemian National Alliance in\n    America. Chicago. 1917.\nBolton, Henry Carrington. The Follies of Science at the Court of\n    Rudolph II., 1552-1612. 217 pp. Illustrated. Plates and portraits.\n    The Pharmaceutical Review Publishing Co. Milwaukee. 1904.\n\u010capek, Thomas. Bohemia Past and Present. 12 pp. Reprint of an article\n    in the Omaha Bee, on Bohemian Day at the Trans-Mississippi\n    Exposition, held at Omaha, Nebraska, Aug. 27, 1898.\n---- The Slovaks of Hungary, Slavs and Panslavism. 8\u00ba. 214 pp. The\n    Knickerbocker Press. New York. 1906.\nCarleton, Sir Dudley. Letters from and to ... during his Embassy in\n    Holland, from January to December 1620. 510 pp. London. 1780. The\n    Bohemian Estates have a secret agent at the Hague, p. 317. Queen\n    Elizabeth gains the love of the Bohemians by her free and gracious\n    demeanor, p. 419. King Frederick (of the Palatinate) not supported\n    by his father-in-law, King James I. Aid given him by the Holland\n    states general, p. 425. His ambassador to the states, pp. 436, 438,\n    442. Not acknowledged by King James I., his father-in-law, nor the\n    French King, p. 436. His election disliked by the latter, p. 440.\n    The Bohemians desire to borrow the sum of 600,000 florins of the\n    states general, p. 314. Assistance for them from the states general\n    solicited, p. 337. Preparations in all parts against them, p. 339.\n    Suspension of arms between them and the emperor, p. 347. They send\n    two agents to the states general, p. 355. Troops raised for them,\n    p. 357. A letter written in their favor by the states general to\n    King James I., p. 359. The Bohemian agents furnished by the states\n    with two months advance, p. 369.\nChapman, Benjamin. The History of Gustavus Adolphus and of the Thirty\n    Years\u2019 War, up to the King\u2019s Death: with some account of its\n    conclusion by the Peace of Westphalia, anno 1648. 8\u00ba. 441 pp.\n    Bohemia, chap. 5. Longmans, Brown, Green and Longmans. London. 1856.\nColquhoun, Archibald R. and Ethel. The Whirlpool of Europe.\n    Austria-Hungary and the Hapsburgs. Illustrated. 338 pp. Dodd, Mead\nCox, William. History of the House of Austria, from the foundation of\n    the Monarchy by Rhodolph of Hapsburgh, to the death of Leopold the\nEden, Lizzie Selina. A Lady\u2019s Glimpse of the Late War in Bohemia. 8\u00ba.\n    313 pp. Hurst & Blackett. London. 1867.\nEisenmann, Louis. Austria-Hungary. Chap. 7, v. 12, pp. 174-212.\n    Cambridge Modern History. University Press. Cambridge. 1910.\nEnglishman. The Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Policy of Count Beust.\n    A Political Sketch of Men and Events from 1866 to 1870. By an ----.\n    8\u00ba. 331 pp. Chapman and Hall. London. 1870.\nFitz-Simon, Henry. Words of Comfort to Persecuted Catholics. Written in\n    exile, anno 1607. Letters from a cell in Dublin Castle, and Diary\n    of the Bohemian War of 1620. With a sketch of his life by E. Hogan.\nGardiner, Samuel Rawson, editor. Letters and other Documents\n    illustrating the relations between England and Germany at the\n    Commencement of the Thirty Years\u2019 War. From the Outbreak of the\n    Revolution in Bohemia to the election of the Emperor Ferdinand II.,\n    pp. 212. From the Election of the Emperor Ferdinand II. to the\n    Close of the Conferences at M\u00fchlhausen, pp. 194. Camden Society.\n---- The Thirty Years\u2019 War, 1618-1648. Longmans, Brown, Green and\n    Longmans. London. 1874.\nGindely, Anton. History of the Thirty Years\u2019 War. Translated by A.\n    Ten Brook. With an introduction and a concluding chapter by the\n    translator. 2 vs. Maps. Portrait. 8\u00ba. G. P. Putnam\u2019s Sons. New\n[Illustration:\n                  Of the High and Puissant King of\n              _Bohemia_, against the vniust Mandates\n                      published in the name of\n              _As also against those that are further_\n               threatned to be decreed and executed,\n                       touching the Crowne of\nThe Declaration\nConcerning the unjust Mandates against the Bohemians]\nGlenn, Thomas Allen. Some Colonial Mansions. Edited by ----. Augustine\n    Herrman of Bohemia Manor, v. 1, pp. 121-38. Fredrych Philipse, v.\n    2, pp. 243-78. Henry T. Coates and Company. Philadelphia. 1897.\nGreen, Mary Anne Everett. Elizabeth, Electress Palatine and Queen of\n    Bohemia. Revised by her niece, S. C. Lomas. With a prefatory note\n    by A. W. Ward. 8\u00ba. 469 pp. Methuen & Co. London. 1855.\nGregor, Frances. The Story of Bohemia. 8\u00ba. 486 pp. Cranston & Curts.\n    Cincinnati. Hunt & Eaton. New York. 1895.\nHayes, Carleton J. H. Political and Social History of Modern Europe. 2\n    vs. 8\u00ba. Maps. The Macmillan Co. New York. 1916.\nHazen, Charles Downes. Europe since 1815. Henry Holt and Company. New\n---- Modern European History. Illustrated. Maps. Henry Holt and\n    Company. New York. 1917.\nInnes, J. H. New Amsterdam and its People. Studies, social and\n    topographical, of the town under Dutch and early English rule. With\n    maps, plans, views. 365 pp. Augustyn Herrman\u2019s life, portrait, etc.\n    Charles Scribner\u2019s Sons. New York. 1902.\nJenkins, Robert Charles. The Last Crusader: or, The Life and Times of\n    Cardinal Julian, of the House of Cesarini. A Historical Sketch. 8\u00ba.\n    408 pp. R. Bentley. London. 1861.\nJi\u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd, J. Rudi\u0161. Historical Sketch of Bohemian Freethought in the\n    United States. 20 pp. Freethought Society. Cedar Rapids. Reprint of\n    an article from the Truth Seeker. New York. 1908.\nKerner, R. J. Bohemia under Leopold II., 1790-1792. A study in\n    the political, economic and social history of Bohemia in the\n    eighteenth Century. 415 pp. MS. Harvard University Library. 1914.\nLeger, Louis Paul Marie. A History of Austro-Hungary from the earliest\n    times to the year 1889. Translated from the French by Mrs. Birbeck\n    Hill, with a preface by Edward A. Freeman. 672 pp. G. P. Putnam\u2019s\n    Sons. New York.\nLodge, Henry Cabot, editor. Austria-Hungary. Based on the work of Louis\n    P. M. Leger, by Wm. E. Lingelbach. v. 17. Illustrated. 468 pp. John\n    D. Morris and Company. Philadelphia. 1906.\nL\u00fctzow, Count. Bohemia. An Historical Sketch. 12\u00ba. 359 pp. J. M. Dent\n    & Sons. London. E. P. Dutton & Co. New York. 1896.\n---- Lectures on the Historians of Bohemia; being the Ilchester\n    Lectures for the year 1904. 8\u00ba. 120 pp. Henry Frowde. London. 1905.\n---- Later Thoughts of the Apostles of Moravia and Bohemia.\n    Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature. v. 30. London.\n---- Bohemia. Reprint from the 11th edition of the Encyclop\u00e6dia\n    Britannica. 55 pp. Bohemian National Council. Prague. 1911.\nMallery, Charles Payson. Ancient Families of Bohemia Manor, their homes\n    and their graves. 4\u00ba. 74 pp. The Historical Society of Delaware.\n    Wilmington. 1888.\nMaurice, Charles Edmund. The Revolutionary Movement of 1848-49 in\n    Italy, Austria-Hungary and Germany, with some examination of the\n    previous thirty-three years. 515 pp. G. Bell & Sons. London. 1887.\n---- Bohemia: from the earliest times to the fall of national\n    independence in 1620: with a short summary of later events.\n    Illustrated. 8\u00ba. 533 pp. T. Fisher Unwin. London. G. P. Putnam\u2019s\n    Sons. New York. 1896.\nMichiels, Alfred. Secret History of the Austrian Government and of its\n    systematic persecutions of Protestants. The Austrian System applied\n    in Bohemia, pp. 18-45. Compiled from official documents. Chapman\n    and Hall. London. 1859.\nMitchell, John, Major General. The Life of Wallenstein, Duke of\n    Friedland. 8\u00ba. 368 pp. James Fraser. London. 1837.\nMonroe, Will S. Bohemia and the \u010cechs. The history, people,\n    institutions, and the geography of the Kingdom, together with\n    accounts of Moravia and Silesia. Illustrated. 12\u00ba. Map. 45 pl. 10\n    portraits. 488 pp. D. C. Page & Co. Boston. 1910.\nNewman, Francis William. The Crimes of the House of Hapsburg against\n    its own Liege Subjects. 12\u00ba. 60 pp. John Chapman. London. 1853.\nPeabody, Elizabeth P. Crimes of the House of Austria against Mankind.\n    Collected from accredited history and edited by ----. 230 pp.\n    Bohemia, pp. 65-90. For the benefit of the Hungarian fund, by\n    Rudolph Garrigue. New York. 1852.\nPoyntz, Sydnam. A True Relation of these German Warres from Mansfield\u2019s\n    going out of England which was in the yeare 1624 until this last\n    yeare 1636 whereof my self was an ey-witnesse of most I have here\n    related as followeth. By Mee Sydnam Poynes. 144 pp. Edited for the\n    Royal Historical Society by A. T. S. Goodrick. London. 1908.\nPutnam, Samuel P. 400 Years of Freethought. Pp. 634-37 allude to\n    Bernard Bolzano, Francis M. Kl\u00e1cel, Karel Havl\u00ed\u010dek, Augustin\n    Smetana, Jakub Arbes, Jaroslav Vrchlick\u00fd; pp. 155-58 to J. A.\n    Komensk\u00fd. Illustrated. 8\u00ba. 874 pp. The Truth Seeker Company. New\n    York.\nReich, Emil. Hungary and the Slavonic Kingdoms. Chap. 10, v. 1, pp.\n    329-46. Cambridge Modern History. University Press. Cambridge. 1902.\n\u0160a\u0161ek, V\u00e1clav of B\u00edrkov (?). Diary of an Embassy from King George of\n    Bohemia to King Louis XI. of France in the year of Grace 1464. From\n    a contemporary MS. Literally translated from the original Slavonic\n    (Bohemian) by A. H. Wratislaw. 8\u00ba. 80 pp. Bell & Daldy. London.\nSidney, Sir Philip and Hubert Languet. Correspondence of ----. Now\n    first collected and translated from the Latin with notes and a\n    memoir of Sidney by Steuart Pears. Letters dated Prague, 18 Sep.,\n    1575, relates to Bohemia, p. 100; John Hus, p. 94; Baron Slavata,\n    pp. 22, 113. William Pickering. London. 1845.\nSmith, Charlotte Fell. Life of John Dee (1527-1608), astrologer at\n    the Court of Rudolph II. Portraits and illustrations. Numerous\n    references to persons and places in Bohemia. Constable & Company.\nSteed, Henry Wickham. The Hapsburg Monarchy. 8\u00ba. 304 pp. Constable &\n    Company. London. 1913.\nStiles, William H. Austria in 1848-49: Being a history of the late\n    political movements in Vienna, Milan, Venice and Prague. 2 vs.\n    Harper & Bros. New York. 1852.\nStrickland, Agnes. Lives of the Queens of England, from the Norman\n    conquest; with anecdotes of their courts now first published from\n    official records and other authentic documents, private as well\n    as public. Anne of Bohemia,[14] surnamed the Good, First Queen\n    of Richard II., pp. 206-22. 3 vs. in 1. 8\u00ba. Blanchard & Lea.\n    Philadelphia. 1855.\n  [14] \u201cIt is possible,\u201d says Wickliffe in his work called _The Threefold\n  Bond of Love_, \u201cthat our noble queen of England, sister of the C\u00e6sar, may\n  have the gospel written in three languages,--Bohemian, German and Latin;\n  now, to heredicate her on that account, would be Luciferian folly.\u201d Agnes\n  Strickland\u2019s _Lives of the Queens of England_, v. 1, p. 599.\nVickers, Robert H. History of Bohemia. 8\u00ba. 757 pp. 1 map. 21\n    illustrations. Charles H. Sergel Company. Chicago. 1894.\nWard, A. W. The Outbreak of the Thirty Years\u2019 War. Chap. 1, v. 4, pp.\n    1-34. The Protestant Collapse 1620-30. Chap. 3, v. 4, pp. 64-84.\n    Cambridge Modern History. University Press. Cambridge. 1906.\nWilliams, W. H. Elizabeth Stewart, Queen of Bohemia, pp. 189-92.\n    Portrait. Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and\n    Cheshire for the year of 1916. Printed for the Society. Liverpool.\nWratislaw, Mitrowitz Wenceslas, Baron. Adventures of ----. What he\n    saw in the Turkish metropolis, Constantinople; experienced in his\n    captivity; and after his happy return to his country. Committed to\n    writing in the year of our Lord 1599. Literally translated from the\n    original Bohemian by A. H. Wratislaw. 8\u00ba. 256 pp. Bell & Daldy.\nWratislaw, A. H. How Saints are made at Rome in Modern Days. An enquiry\n    into the canonization of St. John Nepomucen (patron saint of\n    Bohemia) in 1729. 16\u00ba. London. 1866.\n---- Life, Legend, and Canonization of St. John Nepomucen, Patron Saint\n    and Protector of the Order of the Jesuits. 8\u00ba. 86 pp. Bell & Daldy.\nARTICLES\nBaker, James. A Great Historian (Palack\u00fd) Honoured. The Times and\n    Mirror. London. July 15, 1912.\n---- Bohemia. An Historical Sketch. Athen\u00e6um. London. Sept. 19, 1896.\nBohemian History. English Historical Review. London. 29:131-33. Jan.,\nCope, G. Will of Augustine Herrman. Pennsylvania Magazine of History.\n    Philadelphia. 15:321.\nHrdli\u010dka, Ale\u0161. Civilization of Bohemia. Science. New York. 30:880.\nHye, Isadoor. Bohemian Embassy to England, Spain, etc., in 1466.\n    Quarterly Review. London. 90:413-44. 1852. See, V\u00e1clav \u0160a\u0161ek of\n    B\u00edrkov.\nJacox, F. Seacoast of Bohemia; a vexed question in Shakespearian\n    geography. Bentley\u2019s Miscellany. London. 61:205-11. 1867; same,\n    Bohemian Voice. Omaha. 3:8-9. Sept., 1894.\nKr\u00e1l, Josef Ji\u0159\u00ed. Shakespeare in Bohemia. Poet Lore. Boston. 4:231-32.\nPalack\u00fd, Francis. History of Bohemia; the most part from MS. and\n    original documents. Review in Foreign Quarterly Review. London.\n\u0160afa\u0159\u00edk, Paul J. Sclavonian Antiquities. Review in Foreign Quarterly\nVericour, L. R. de. Bohemia Past and Present. Transactions of the Royal\n    Historical Society. London. 2:54-76. 1873.\nWratislaw, A. H. How History is Sometimes Written. Frazer\u2019s Magazine.\n---- Bloody Parliament of Wilemow. Frazer\u2019s Magazine. London.\n---- St. Procop of Bohemia: a Legend of the Eleventh Century.\n    Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. London. 4:439-48.\n---- History of Bohemia. Athen\u00e6um. London. 2:597-734. 1882.\nXII\nJOHN HUS. JEROME OF PRAGUE. UNITED BRETHREN. MORAVIANS\nPUBLICATIONS\nBaker, James. A Forgotten Great Englishman; or the Life and Work of\n    Peter Payne, the Wycliffite. Illustrated. 8\u00ba. 160 pp. The Religious\n    Tract Society. London. 1894.\nBenham, David. Notes on the Origin and Episcopate of the Bohemian\n    Brethren. 148 pp. Dalton & Lucy. London. 1867.\n---- Bohemian and Moravian Brethren. Translated from the German. 12\u00ba.\n    Bradford. 1822.\nBohemian Brethren. Note on the Reformation in Poland. V. 2, pp. 634-38.\n    Cambridge Modern History. University Press. Cambridge. 1903.\nBonnechose, Francois Paul Emile Boisnormand de. The Reformers before\n    the Reformation. The Fifteenth Century. John Huss and the Council\n    of Constance. Translated from the French by Campbell Mackenzie. 8\u00ba.\n    2 vs. 659 pp. William Whyte & Co. Edinburgh. 1844.\n---- Letters of John Huss, written during his exile and imprisonment.\n    With Martin Luther\u2019s Preface, and containing a general view of\n    the works of Huss. Translated by Campbell Mackenzie. 8\u00ba. 244 pp.\n    William Whyte & Co. Edinburgh. 1846.\nBost, Ami. History of the Bohemian and Moravian Brethren. Translated\n    from the French, and abridged, with an appendix. 12\u00ba. 428 pp. The\n    Religious Tract Society. London. 1838.\nChase, Edith Fowler. The Bohemians. A Study of the Land of the Cup and\n    the Book. Illustrated. 8\u00ba. 63 pp. Fleming H. Revell Company. New\nCranz, David. The Ancient and Modern History of the Brethren.\n    Translated from the German of ---- with Notes and Emendations, by\n    Benjamin La Trobe. 8\u00ba. 726 pp. W. & A. Strachan. London. 1780.\nCreighton, M. A History of the Papacy during the Period of Reformation.\n    2 vs. Houghton Mifflin Company. Boston. 1882.\nFisher, George Park. History of the Christian Church. With maps. 701\n    pp. Bohemia, pp. 164-409. Charles Scribner\u2019s Sons. New York. 1887.\nFox, John (Martyrologist). The History of the Ten Persecutions in the\n    Primitive Church. To which is added, An Account of the Martyrdom of\n    John Huss and Jerome of Prague; together with divers Letters, wrote\n    by John Huss while he was under Persecution. Extracted from the\n    Martyrology of Mr. John Fox. Printed by John Gray and Gavin Alston\n    ... for Andrew Leslie.... 8\u00ba. 402 pp. Edinburgh. 1761.\n---- Book of Martyrs: a complete and authentic Account of the Lives,\n    Sufferings and triumphant Deaths of the Primitive and Protestant\n    Martyrs in all parts of the World. With Notes, comments and\n    illustrations, by the Rev. J. Milner. 8\u00ba. London. 1848. Numerous\n    editions.\n---- Book of Martyrs. Hus, \u017di\u017eka and Jerome, pp. 150-68. John F.\n    Winston Co. Chicago.\nGataker, Thomas and others. The City Ministers unmasked, or the\n    Hypocrisie and Iniquitie of Fifty nine of the most eminent of\n    the Clergy, in and about the City of London. Clearly discovered\n    out of two of their own pamphlets, One Intituled, A Serious and\n    Faithful Representation; The other a Vindication of the Ministers\n    of the Gospel, in and about the City of London. Together with a\n    Prophesie of John Hus, touching the Choosing of a new Ministry; and\n    an ancient Prophetical farewel of Hildegards, to the old corrupt\n    Ministry. Both very useful for the Knowledg of the long deceived\n    Nations. By a friend of the Armies, in its ways of Justice and\n    Righteousness. 4\u00ba. 31 pp. Printed for Giles Calvert. London. 1649.\nGillett, Ezra Hall. The Life and Times of John Hus, or the Bohemian\n    Reformation of the Fifteenth Century. 8\u00ba. 2 vs. 632 pp. Gould and\n    Lincoln. Boston. 1863-64.\nGilpin, William. The Lives of John Wickliff; and of the Most Eminent of\n    his Disciples, Lord Cobham, John Huss, Jerome of Prague, and Zisca.\n    8\u00ba. 368 pp. 1 portrait. J. Robson. London. 1765.\n[Illustration: IOHAN-AMOS COMENIVS MORAUVS. A\u00ba \u00c6TAT. 60, 1652,\n    _Loe, here an Exile, who to serue his God,\n      Hath sharply tasted of proud Pashurs Rod,\n    Whose learning, Piety, & true worth beeing knowne\n      To all the world, makes all the world his owne,_\nJohn Amos Komensk\u00fd\nPortrait after Wenceslaus Hollar]\nGradin, Arvid, member of the church. A Short History of the\n    Bohemian-Moravian Protestant Church of the United Brethren. In a\n    letter to the Archbishop of Upsal. Primate of Sweden. 8\u00ba. 64 pp.\n    James Hutton. London. 1743.\nHamilton, John Taylor. A History of the Church known as the Moravian\n    Church, or the Unitas Fratrum, or the Unity of the Brethren, during\n    the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. 631 pp. 20 port. Times\n    Publication Co. Bethlehem. 1900.\nHasse, A. C. The United Brethren (Moravians) in England, from\nHerrick, S. E. Heretics of Yesterday. Houghton Mifflin Company. Boston.\nHodgson, William. The Lives, Sentiments and Sufferings of some of the\n    Reformers and Martyrs before, since and independent of the Lutheran\n    reformation. 8\u00ba. 465 pp. J. B. Lippincott & Co. Philadelphia. 1867.\nHolmes, John. History of the Protestant Church of the United Brethren.\nHus, John, and Jerome of Prague, the Bohemian Martyrs. Sketches of\n    their Lives. Presbyterian Board of Publication. Philadelphia. 1868.\nHus, John. Article on, 9th ed. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, by John\n    Sutherland Black.\n---- De Ecclesia. The Church. Translated, with notes and introduction\n    by David S. Schaff. 8\u00ba. 304 pp. Charles Scribner\u2019s Sons. New York.\n---- The Letters of ---- with introductions and explanatory notes. By\n    Herbert B. Workman and R. Martin Pope. 8\u00ba. 286 pp. Hodder and\n    Stoughton. London. 1904.\n---- or, The Council of Constance: a Poem. With historical and\n    descriptive notes. 12\u00ba. C. J. G. and F. Rivington. London. 1829.\n---- The Five Hundredth Anniversary of the Birth of ----, the Bohemian\n    Reformer and Martyr. 8 pp. Celebrated at Bethlehem, Pa. July 6,\n---- Independent Bohemia. Memorial in honor of the quincentenary of\n---- Martyrdom, Semi-millenial Commemoration of ----, held in\n    Cleveland, O., July 6th, 1915. With articles by Herbert Adolphus\n    Miller, Count L\u00fctzow, \u0160\u00e1rka B. Hrbkova. 16 pp. Cleveland. 1915.\n---- Memorial of the Central Association of Freethought Societies for\n    the Hus Celebrations in Chicago. 62 pp. By J. J. Kr\u00e1l. 1915.\n---- In honor of the quincentenary of ----. The Future of Bohemia: a\n    lecture delivered at King\u2019s College, London, by Robert William\n    Seton-Watson. 8\u00ba. 31 pp. Nisbet & Co. London. 1915.\n---- The Man and the Martyr. An address delivered before the faculty\n    and the students of Lincoln University, by John James Carter. 39\n    pp. Westminster Press. Philadelphia. 1915.\n---- Program of Celebration (1415-1915) by the Jan Hus Bohemian\n    Presbyterian Church and Neighborhood House. 8 pp. New York. July,\n---- The Five Hundredth Anniversary Celebration of the Martyrdom of\n    ----, Bohemian Reformer. 4 pp. Held at Oberlin College, Oberlin.\nHutton, J. E. A History of the Moravian Church. 8\u00ba. 520 pp. Moravian\n    Publication Office. London. 1909.\nJames, Henry. Sketches of Moravian Life and Character. Chapter 2, The\n    Ancient Unitas Fratrum. J. B. Lippincott & Co. Philadelphia. 1859.\nKautsky, Karl. Communism in Central Europe in the time of the\n    reformation. Heretical Communism: its general character. The\n    Taborites. The Bohemian Brethren. Translated by J. L. and E. G.\n    Mulliken. London. 1897.\nKitts, Eustace John. Pope John the Twenty-Third and Master John Hus of\n    Bohemia. Illustrated. 8\u00ba. 446 pp. Constable and Co. London. 1910.\nKrasinski, Count Valerian. Sketch of the religious history of the\n    Slavic nations. Being a second edition of his lectures on the\n    subject, revised and enlarged. 8\u00ba. 358 pp. Johnstone and Hunter.\n    Edinburgh. 1851.\nKuhns, L. Oscar. John Huss: The Witness. 12\u00ba. 174 pp. Jennings &\n    Graham. Cincinnati. 1907.\nLatrobe, C. I. Select Narratives extracted from the History of the\n    Church known by the name of Unitas Fratrum, or United Brethren....\n    Chronologically arranged. Part I, containing the ancient history.\n    Translated from the German. 8\u00ba. 132 pp. London. 1806.\nLatrobe, Bishop James. Historical Sketch of the Church of the United\n    Brethren or Moravians. 24\u00ba. 32 pp. Samuel Gibbs. Bath. 1850.\nLenfant, Jacques. The History of the Council of Constance. Translated\n    from the new edition, printed at Amsterdam, which the author not\n    only revised and corrected, but considerably augmented. With\nLoserth, Johann. Wiclif and Hus. Translated from the German by M. J.\n    Evans. 8\u00ba. 366 pp. Hodder and Stoughton. London. 1884.\nL\u00fctzow, Count Francis. Article on Hussites, 11th ed. Encyclop\u00e6dia\n    Britannica.\n---- The Life and Times of Master John Hus. Illustrated. 8\u00ba. 398 pp. J.\n    M. Dent & Co. London. E. P. Dutton & Co. New York. 1909.\n---- The Hussite Wars. 8\u00ba. 384 pp. 1 portrait. J. M. Dent & Sons.\nMcCorry, John Stewart. Four Catholic Lectures, dedicated to the Hon.\n    Lord Ardmillan, in answer to the Four Protestant Lectures of the\n    Rev. William Hanna, on the Dawn of the Reformation in England and\n    Bohemia; in sketches of the lives of Wycliffe, Huss and Jerome of\n    Prague, which were delivered in connection with the Philosophical\n    Institution, February 1858. 8\u00ba. 63 pp. Marsh & Beattie. Edinburgh.\nMalin, William Gunn. History of the Bohemian Bible, with an examination\n    of its claim to European priority. Appendix to Catalogue of books\n    relating to or illustrating the History of the Unitas Fratrum, or\n    United Brethren, pp. 135-47. Philadelphia. 1881. Same, Transactions\n    of the Moravian Historical Society. Nazareth, Pa. 1:143-53. 1876.\n---- Ziska. Brief notices of the career of this great captain of\n    the Hussites. Appendix to Catalogue of books relating to or\n    illustrating the History of the Unitas Fratrum, or United\n    Brethren, pp. 133-135. Philadelphia. 1881.\nMangasarian, M. M. John Hus, the man who struck the first blow.\n    A lecture delivered before the Independent Religious Society\n    (Rationalist). 23 pp. Chicago. 1915.\nMears, John W. Heroes of Bohemia: Huss, Jerome and Zisca. Presbyterian\n    Board of Publication. 8\u00ba. 345 pp. Philadelphia. 1879.\nMoravians. Primitive Church Government, in the Practice of the\n    Reformed in Bohemia, or, an Account of the Ecclesiastick Order and\n    Discipline among the Reformed; or, (as they call\u2019d themselves) the\n    Unity of the Brethren in Bohemia. With same Notes of John-Amos\n    Comenius, serving to illustrate the same; and a preface pointing\n    out the True way to a Solid Peace, Order and Unity. And giving\n    an Abstract of the History of the said Brethren, in so far as it\n    relates to this account. 4\u00ba. 55 pp. Edinburgh. 1703.\n---- A short View of the Continued Sufferings ... and heavy Oppressions\n    of the Episcopal Reformed Churches, formerly in Bohemia and now in\n    Great Poland and Polish Prussia. Printed by John Baskett ... and by\n    the Assigns of Thomas Newcomb and Henry Hills, deceas\u2019d. 4\u00ba. 4 pp.\n---- The Contents of a folio History of the Moravians or United\n    Brethren.... Printed in 1749 and privately sold ... under the title\n    Acta Fratrum Unitatis in Anglia: with Suitable Remarks. Humbly\n    addressed to the Pious of every Protestant Denomination in Europe\n    and America. By a Lover of Light. (Said to be John Wesley.) By G.\n    Lavington, Bishop of Exeter. 8\u00ba. 60 pp. Printed for J. Roberts.\n---- A Brief History of the Protestant Episcopal Church, Known by the\n    name of Unitas Fratrum, or the United Brethren. Together with the\n    Reasons for and against the Privileges granted them in the British\n    Dominions in the Year 1749: So as they are inserted in the Months\n    of April and May of the Universal Magazine. 32 pp. Printed by S.\n    Powell. Dublin. 1750.\n---- Some Observations. I. On the Antiquity of the Present United\n    Brethren, called Moravians. II. On some of the Extracts of their\n    General Synods. III. On the Doctrine of the Trinity and Person of\n    Christ. 8\u00ba. 24 pp. W. Owen. London. 1751.\n---- Narrative of the Rise and Progress of the Herrnhuters, commonly\n    called Moravians or Unitas Fratrum. London. 1754.\n---- Compared and detected. By the author of the Enthusiasm of the\n    Methodists and Papists compared. G. Lavington, Bishop of Exeter.\n    8\u00ba. London. 1755. (Opponent of Moravians.)\n---- Brief Narrative of the Origin and Progress of the Church of the\n    United Brethren commonly called Moravians, especially as connected\n    with their recognition by the Church and Government of England. No\n    title page. 8\u00ba. 7 pp. London. 1820. (?)\n---- Sketch of the History of the Church and Missions of the United\n    Brethren. 8\u00ba. London. 1822.\n---- A Concise History of the Unitas Fratrum, or Church of the United\n    Brethren commonly called Moravians. 12\u00ba. 190 pp. W. Mallalieu & Co.\n---- Historical Society Transactions of.... 1st v. in 1876. Nazareth,\n---- Debate in the English Parliament on a bill to relieve the United\n    Brethren, or Moravians, from military duty and taking oaths. As\n    reported for the Universal Magazine. Remarks made by Lieutenant\n    Gen. Oglethorpe when the Petition of the Deputies of the said\n    People was brought in, Feb. 9, 1748. Printed in Catalogue of books\n    relating to or illustrating the History of the Unitas Fratrum, or\n    United Brethren. Pp. 148-72. Philadelphia. 1881.\nOgden, John C. An Excursion into Bethlehem and Nazareth in Pennsylvania\n    in the year 1799; with a succinct history of the Society of the\n    United Brethren commonly called Moravians. 12\u00ba. 167 pp. Charles\n    Cist. Philadelphia. 1800.\nOldham, Samuel S. John Huss: His times, life, faith and martyrdom. A\n    Lecture delivered before the Young Men\u2019s Christian Association, at\n    the Rotundo, Dublin. 8\u00ba. 47 pp. Seeley. London. 1854.\nPastor, Ludwig. The History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle\n    Ages. Drawn from the secret archives of the Vatican and other\n    original sources. From the German of ----. 8\u00ba. K. Paul, Trench,\n    Tr\u00fcbner & Co. London. 1906-1912.\nPennington, Arthur Robert. Epochs of the Papacy, from its Rise to the\n    Death of Pope Pius IX., in 1878. 496 pp. Hussites, p. 234. G. Bell\n    & Sons. London. 1882.\nPescheck, Christian Adolf. The Reformation and Anti-reformation in\n    Bohemia. From the German of ----. 2 vs. 8\u00ba. 901 pp. Houlston &\n    Stoneman. London. 1845.\nPrynne, William. A Seasonable Vindication of Supream Authority and\n    Jurisdiction of Christian Kings, Lords, Parliaments, as well over\n    the possessions, as Persons of Delinquent Prelates and Churchmen;\n    or, an Antient Disputation of the famous Bohemian Martyr John Hus,\n    in Justification of John Wickliff\u2019s 17. Article. Transcribed out\n    of the printed Works of John Hus, and Mr. John Fox his Acts and\n    Monuments.... With an additional appendix thereunto of Proofs, and\n    Domestick Presidents in all ages, usefull for present and future\n    times. Printed by T. Childe and L. Parry and are to be sold by\n    Edward Thomas. 4\u00ba. 118 pp. London. 1660.\nRashdall, Hastings Stanhope. John Huss. Historical Essay. 8\u00ba. 41 pp.\n    Simpkin, Marshall & Co. London. 1879.\nReincke, Abraham. A register of members of the Moravian Church and of\n    persons attached to said church in this country and abroad, between\nRisler, Jeremias. Select Narratives from the History of the Church\n    known by the name of Unitas Fratrum or United Brethren. Translated\n    from the German. Part 1, Ancient History. 8\u00ba. 132 pp. Wm. McDowell.\nRogers, Henry. The Story of John Huss. 8\u00ba. 12 pp. Reprint from Good\n    Words. London.\nRolt, Richard. The Lives of the Principal Reformers. Embellished with\n    the heads of the reformers in mezzotinto by Houston. fo. 202 pp. 21\n    portraits. E. Bakewell and H. Parker. London. 1759.\nRundle, Charles Elizabeth. Sketches of Christian life in England in the\n    olden time. Sketches of the United Brethren of Bohemia and Moravia.\nSchaff, David Schley. John Huss. His Life, Teachings and Death. After\n    five hundred years. 349 pp. Charles Scribner\u2019s Sons. New York. 1915.\nSchwarze, W. N. John Hus, the Martyr of Bohemia. A Study of the Dawn of\n    Protestantism. Illustrated. 8\u00ba. 152 pp. Fleming H. Revell Company.\nSchweinitz, Edmund de. The Moravian Episcopate. 8\u00ba. 28 pp. Bethlehem,\n---- Who are the Moravians? A discourse preached at the dedication of\n    the lecture room of the Second Moravian Church in Philadelphia. 8\u00ba.\n    12 pp. Philadelphia. 1867.\n---- A History of the Unitas Fratrum, from its overthrow in Bohemia\n    and Moravia to its renewal at Herrnhut, 1627 to 1722. 8\u00ba. 16 pp.\n    Bethlehem. 1877.\n---- The History of the Church known as the Unitas Fratrum, or the\n    Unity of the Brethren, founded by the followers of John Hus, the\n    Bohemian Reformer and Martyr. 8\u00ba. 693 pp. Bethlehem. 1885.\nSmall, J. Some account of the original protest of the Bohemian nobles\n    against the burning of John Hus. Edinburgh. 1861.\nSmith, J. Milton. Stars of the Reformation; being short sketches of\n    eminent reformers and of the leading events in Europe which led to\n    the revival of Christianity. Bohemian Reformation, pp. 18-36. S. W.\n    Partridge & Co. London.\nTrench, Richard C. Bohemia and Huss. Lectures on Medi\u00e6val Church\n    History. 8\u00ba. 321 pp. London. 1877.\nUllmann, C. Reformers before the Reformation, principally in Germany\n    and the Netherlands, depicted by ----. Translated by Robert\n    Menzies. Hussites included. 8\u00ba. 2 vs. T. & T. Clark. Edinburgh.\nVan Dyke, Paul. The Age of the Renascence. 397 pp. Charles Scribner\u2019s\n    Sons. New York. 1913.\nVarillas, Antoine. The Pretended Reformers: or, a true History of the\n    German Reformation, founded upon the heresie of John Wickliffe,\n    John Huss and Jerom of Prague; and an impartial account of the\n    wars, which ensued thereupon. Made English from the French\n    original, by Matthias Earbery. 8\u00ba. 93 pp. Printed for T. Jauncy.\nWhately, Jane E. The Gospel in Bohemia. Sketches of Bohemian Religious\n    History. 8\u00ba. 190 pp. The Religious Tract Society. London. 1876.\nWilliams, Robert F. Lives of the English Cardinals. English Opinion in\n    Bohemia, pp. 33-58. William H. Allen & Co. London. 1868.\n[Illustration:\n                   A Seminarie or seed-plot of all\n                       Tongues and Sciences.\n        A short way of teaching and thorowly learning within 1\n        yeere and a halfe as the farthest, the Latin, English,\n        French, and any other tongue, together with the ground\n           and foundation of Arts and Sciences, comprised\n                  under an hundred Titles, and a\n         And now as a token of thankfulnesse brought to light\n          in Latine, English, and French, In the behalfe of\n            the most Illustrious Prince CHARLES, and of\n                       British, French and Irish\n               The Second Edition, much enlarged.\n         _By the labour and industry of_ IOHN ANCHORAN,\n                     Licentiate in Divinity.\n       Printed by _Tho. Cotes_, for _Thomas Slater_, dwelling\n               at the White Swan, in duck-Lane. 1633.\nKomensk\u00fd\u2019s The Gate of Tongues Unlocked]\nWorthington, John. The Diary and Correspondence of ---- United Brethren\n    316, 318; account of the life of the United Brethren exiled in\n    Hungary, by Figulus (Komensk\u00fd\u2019s son-in-law), pp. 153-56.\nWorkman, Herbert B. The Dawn of the Reformation. v. 1, The Age of\n    Wiclif; v. 2, The age of Hus. 8\u00ba. 374 pp. Charles H. Kelly. London.\nWratislaw, A. H. John Huss and the Ultramontanes. 8\u00ba. 22 pp. Reprint\n    from the Contemporary Review. London. 1872.\n---- John Huss. The Commencement of Resistance to Papal Authority on\n    the Part of the Inferior Clergy. Society for Promoting Christian\n    Knowledge. 12\u00ba. 408 pp. London. 1882.\nWyatt, Margaret Anne, translator. A Memoir; illustrating some of the\n    workings of Popery in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.\n    Translated from the German. With an introductory note on Popery,\n    by a Beneficed Clergyman of the Anglican Church. 8\u00ba. 136 pp. L. B.\n    Seely and W. Burnside. London. 1841.\nWylie, James Hamilton. The Council of Constance to the Death of John\n    Hus. 12\u00ba. 192 pp. 3 plates. Being the Ford Lectures delivered in\n    the University of Oxford. Longmans, Green & Co. London. 1900.\nARTICLES\nAnketell, John. The History of the Church in Bohemia and Moravia. The\n    American Church Review. New York. 29:357-87; 29:557-91, 1877.\nBaker, James. Sion-Bohemia. Morning Post. London. June 1, 1892.\nBanks, J. S. The Story of Jan Hus. Wesleyan Methodist Magazine. London.\nBehringer, G. F. John Huss. Lutheran Quarterly Review. Gettysburg.\nBlaikie, W. G. The Bohemian Centenary. The Catholic Presbyterian.\n---- The Bohemian and Moravian Centenary. Postscript. The Catholic\n    Presbyterian. London. 3:240. 1881.\nBohemia: How it became Romanist. Christian Observer. London. 71:91.\n---- Protestant clergy in ----. Kitto\u2019s Journal of Sacred Literature.\n---- Counter-Reformation in ----. Christian Remembrancer. London.\n    53:271-89. April, 1867. London Times military correspondent at the\n    seat of war.\n---- Reconquered, in 1620-28. The Congregationalist. London. 4:615-19.\n---- Commemoration. The Catholic Presbyterian. London. 3:70. 1881.\nBrown, D. John Hus and Wicklif. British and Foreign Evangelical Review.\n    Athen\u00e6um. London. 1:625. 1884. Review of Johann Loserth\u2019s Wickliff\n    and Hus.\nC\u00edsa\u0159, F. Los von Rom. The Presbyterian and Reformed Review.\n    Philadelphia. 12:660-66. 1901. Translated from the author\u2019s MSS.\n    by V\u00e1clav Losa and Charles E. Edwards.\nCramer, M. J. John Huss; Letters to his Church in Prague. Christian\n    Literature. New York. 13:179-85. Aug., 1895.\nCrawford, W. H. John Hus and the present demand for home rule in\n    Bohemia. The Methodist Review. New York. 58:681-95. 1898.\nDu\u0161ek, V. Early Struggles in the Bohemian Church. The Catholic\n    Presbyterian. London. 3:356-66. May, 1880.\n---- Bohemia after the Death of John Hus. The Catholic Presbyterian.\n---- Bohemia during the Reformation. The Catholic Presbyterian. London.\nFelts, P. Jerome of Prague. The Lutheran Quarterly. Gettysburg.\nGiddins, George H. John Hus; the Preacher of Prague. The Methodist\nGillett, E. H. The Taborites and the Germ of the Moravian Church. The\n    American Presbyterian Review. New York. 13:391-410. July, 1864.\n---- The Sermons of John Huss. The New Englander. New Haven. Oct., 1864.\nGood, James I. John Huss and the Reformed Church. The Reformed Church\nHallivell, George W. The Oldest Protestant Denomination. The Sunday\n    School Times. Philadelphia. 40:523-24. 1898.\nHark, J. Max. History of the Church of the Moravians. Andover Review.\n    Boston. 4:587-93. Dec., 1885. Review of De Schweinitz\u2019s Unitas\n    Fratrum.\nHus, John. Our John Hus Celebration. Jubilee number of the Radost,\n    published by the John Hus Bohemian Presbyterian Church. New York.\n---- Five Hundredth Anniversary of the Death of ----, by Herbert B.\n    Workman. Quarterly Review. London. 124:145-49. July, 1915.\n---- His Message to the Preachers of To-day. Portrait. By Count L\u00fctzow.\n    Homiletic Review. New York. 70:3-9. July, 1915.\n---- The Life and Work of ----. An address delivered April 1, 1915,\n    in honor of the five hundredth anniversary of the martyrdom of\n    ----, by Remsen du Bois Bird. The Princeton Theological Review.\n---- His Work, Trial and Martyrdom. Spectator. London. 115:10-12. July\n---- Five Hundredth Anniversary. By Father Sebastian. Supplement to the\n    Herald of the Serbian Church, San Francisco. 1915.\n---- Quincentenary of ... Nation. New York. 101:73-5. July 8, 1915.\n---- and the Hussites. The Treasury. New York. 17:335-45. 1899-1900.\n---- and the Hussites. United States Catholic Magazine. Baltimore.\n---- Jerome of Prague. Methodist Magazine. London. 45:508.\nJewett, J. L. Life and Times of John Huss. Methodist Quarterly. London.\nMi\u0161kovsk\u00fd, Louis Francis. The Catholic Counter-Reformation in Bohemia.\n    Bibliotheca Sacra. Oberlin. July, 1900.\n---- The Unitas Fratrum. Bibliotheca Sacra. Oberlin. July, 1908.\nThe Moravians. The American Quarterly Church Review. New Haven.\n---- Antecedents of ----. The American Presbyterian Review. New York.\n---- History of ----. Southern Review. St. Louis. 10:189-215. Jan.,\nNeisser, George. A List of Bohemian and Moravian Emigrants to Saxony.\n    Collected from various sources in print and manuscripts; begun and\n    completed at New York from June 2, to July 20, 1772. Translated and\n    edited by Albert G. Rau. Transactions of the Moravian Historical\n    Society. 9:41-93. Bethlehem Times Pub. Society. 1913.\nPiper, C. R. Protestantism of John Huss. Portrait. Open Court. Chicago.\nRogers, Henry. The Story of John Huss. Good Words. London. 7:21-30.\nSchaff, David S. A Spurious account of Huss\u2019s Journey to Constance,\n    Trial, and Death. An exposure of a book in German, published in St.\n    Louis, 1875, on the Infallibility of the Pope, etc. With note by\n    Preserved Smith. The American Journal of Theology. Chicago. 276-82.\nSherwood, J. M. Comment on Gillett\u2019s Life and Times of John Hus.\n    Reformation in Bohemia. The American Presbyterian Review. New\n    York. 13:114-36. Jan., 1864; same, The Biblical Review. London.\nSmyth, J. J. Life and Times of John Huss. Evangelical Review. London.\nSpalding, M. J. John Huss and the Hussites. Miscellanea. London. 1855.\nStevenson, W. F. How John Hus became a saint in the Romish Calendar.\n    Month. London. 15:425; same, Good Words. London. 4:339-44. 1863.\nThe Taborites and the Calixtines. The American Presbyterian Review. New\nThurston, Herbert. John Huss. Month. London. 156-64. Aug., 1915.\nTorry, H. W. Life and Letters of John Huss. The North American\n    Review. Boston and New York. 65:265-305. Oct., 1847. Review of de\n    Bonnechose\u2019s The Reformers before the Reformation and of Letters of\n    John Huss written during his exile and imprisonment.\nVojan, J. E. S. Bohemian-American Freethinkers and John Huss. English\n    Section of the Org\u00e1n Bratrstva \u010c. S. P. S. 23:223. Chicago. 1915.\nWratislaw, A. H. Protestants of Bohemia. Good Words. London. 3:607-8.\n---- An Account of the Writings of John Huss, in the Czeskish or\n    Bohemian language (including his letters from Constance), most\n    of them now printed for the first time. Review of the collected\n    Bohemian writings of Magister John Huss by Karel Jarom\u00edr Erben.\n    The Contemporary Review. London. 10:530-55. 1869; same, Kitto\u2019s\n    Journal of Sacred Literature. London. 40:97; same, The American\n    Presbyterian Review. New York. 5:228.\n---- Precursors of John Huss in Bohemia. The Contemporary Review.\n---- John Huss and the Ultramontanes. The Contemporary Review. London.\n\u017di\u017eka, John, the Bohemian Patriot. Leisure Hour. London. 10:263-67.\n---- and the Reformation in Bohemia. Macmillan\u2019s Magazine. London.\nXIII\nJOHN AMOS KOMENSK\u00dd\n(Comenius)\nPUBLICATIONS\nBristol, Frank M. John Amos Comenius. Lecture delivered March 29, 1892.\n    Fleming H. Revell Company. New York. 1892.\nButler, Nicholas Murray. Place of Comenius in the History of Education.\n    20 pp. C. W. Bardeen. Syracuse, 1892.\nCompayr\u00e9, Gabriel. The History of Pedagogy. Translated by W. H. Payne.\n    Comenius, pp. 122-37. D. C. Heath & Co. Boston. 1907.\nField, E. M. The Child and His Book. Gardner, Darton & Co. London. 1891.\nGraves, Frank Pierrepont. A History of Education in Modern Times.\n    Comenius, pp. 271-91. The Macmillan Company. New York. 1914.\nHanus, Paul H. Educational Aims and Educational Values. Comenius, pp.\n    193-211. The Macmillan Company. New York. 1899.\nHark, J. M. The Private Life and Personal Characteristics of John\n    Amos Comenius, pp. 196-204 of Proceedings of the Department of\n    Superintendence of the National Educational Association for 1892.\n    C. W. Bardeen. Syracuse. 1892.\nHoyt, Charles Oliver. Studies in the History of Modern Education.\n    Comenius and Realism in Education, pp. 21-48. Bibliography, p. 27.\n    Silver, Burdette & Co. Boston. 1908.\nKiddle, Henry and Schem, A. J. The Cyclop\u00e6dia of Education. Comenius,\nKomensk\u00fd, John Amos. Janua Linguarum Reserata. The Gate of Tongues\n    Vnlocked and opened, or else, A Seminarie or Seed-plot of all\n    Tongues and Sciences.... In Latine first; and now as a token of\n    thankfulnesse brought to light in Latine, English, and French. In\n    the behalfe of the most illustrious Prince Charles, and of the\n    British, French and Irish youth. The second Edition, much enlarged.\n    By the labour and industry Iohn Anchoran, Licentiate in Divinity.\n    Printed by Tho. Cotes, for Thomas Slater, dwelling at the White\n    Swan, in Duck-Lane. London. 1633.\n---- The School of Infancy. An essay on the Education of Youth during\n    the first six years. 76 pp. To which is prefixed a Sketch of the\n    Life of the Author by ... David Benham. 176 pp. W. Mallalieu & Co.\n    London. 1858. Another edition by D. C. Heath & Co., Boston, 1896,\n    edited with notes and introduction by Will S. Monroe. First English\n---- A Reformation of Schooles, Designed in two excellent Treatises:\n    the first whereof Summarily sheweth the great necessity of a\n    generall Reformation of Common Learning. What grounds of Hope\n    there are for such a Reformation. How it may be brought to passe.\n    The second answers certaine objections ordinarily made against such\n    undertakings and describes the severall Partes and Titles of Workes\n    which are shortly to follow. Written many yeares agoe in Latine\n    by that Reverend, Godly, Learned, and famous Divine Mr. John Amos\n    Comenius, one of the Seniours of the exiled Church of Moravians.\n    And now upon the request of many translated into English, and\n    published by Samuel Hartlib, for the generall good of this Nation.\n    4\u00ba. 94 pp. Printed for Michael Sparke, Senior, at the Blew Bible in\n    Greene Arbor. London. 1642.\n---- His Last Porch of the Latin Tongue: Setting out the agreement of\n    Things and Language (made fit unto the Rules of the last Method\n    of Languages) made English, according to the Copy thereof, turned\n    into Low-Dutch by Henry Schoof and carefully compared with the\n    Original. Also so fitted with a Vestibulary Grammar, and an English\n    Table, that hence the Latin Tongue may be perfectly well learned\n    in a short time: By J. Brookbank. 8\u00ba. 221 pp. Printed by R.\n    Hodgkinsonne. London. 1647.\n[Illustration:\n                        Bohemian Persecution,\n                    From the beginning of their\n               conversion to Christianity in the year\n             _Ferdinand_ the 2. of _Austria_, Reigning.\n             In which the unheard of secrets of policy,\n              Counsells, Arts and dreadfull Judgements\n         Printed by _B. A._ for _Iohn Walker_ at the Star in\nKomensk\u00fd\u2019s History of the Bohemian Persecution]\n---- A Continuation of his School Endeavours. Or a Summary Delineation\n    of Dr. Cyprian Kinner Silesian. His thoughts concerning Education:\n    or the Way and Method of Teaching. Exposed to the ingeneous and\n    free Censure of all Piously-learned men The which shal shortly\n    be seconded with an Elucidarium or Commentary to open the sense\n    of whatsoever is herein contained, chiefly of what is paradoxall\n    and obscure, (if any such shall appear to be). Together with an\n    advice of how these thoughts may be successfully put in practice.\n    Translated out of the Original Latine, transmitted to Sam. Hartlib\n    and by him published and in the name of very Godly and Learned Men,\n    recommended to the serious Consideration, and Liberall Assistance,\n    of such, as are willing to favour the Reformation of all Christian\n    Churches and Commonwealths: but more especially the Good and\n    Happiness of these United Kingdoms. Published by Authority. 4\u00ba.\n    Printed for R. L. London. 1648.\n---- The History of the Bohemian Persecution, From the beginning of\n    their conversion to Christianity in the year 894 to the year 1632.\n    Ferdinand the 2nd of Austria, Reigning. In Which the unheard of\n    secrets of policy, Counsells, Arts, and dreadfull Judgements are\n    exhibited. 12\u00ba. 284 pp. Printed by B. A. for John Walker at the\n    Star in Popes-Head-Ally. 1650.\n---- Pansophi\u00e6 diatyposis. A Patterne of Universall Knowledge, in\n    a plaine and true Draught; or, A Diatyposis, or Model of the\n    Eminently Learned and Pious Promotor of Science in generall, Mr.\n    John Amos Comenius. Shadowing forth the largenesse, dimension,\n    and use of the intended Worke, in an Ichnographicall and\n    Orthographicall Delineation. Translated into English by Jeremy\n    Collier. 8\u00ba. 180 pp. Printed by T. H., and are to be sold by Thomas\n    Collins, Bookseller in Northampton. 1651.\n---- Naturall Philosophie Reformed by Divine Light; or, a Synopsis\n    of Physicks. Exposed to the censure of those that are Lovers of\n    Learning, and desire to be taught of God. Being a view of the World\n    in generall and of the particular creatures therein contained;\n    grounded upon Scripture Principles. With a briefe Appendix touching\n    the Diseases of the Body, Mind, and Soul; with their generall\n    Remedies. 8\u00ba. 256 pp. Printed by Robert and William Leybourn, for\n    Thomas Pierrepont, at the Sun in Pauls Church-yard. 1651.\n---- Revelation Revealed by two Apocalyptical Treatises, translated out\n    of the High Dutch, with a Dedication to Oliver St. John by Sam.\n    Hartlib, and a long Discourse by John Durie. London. 1651.\n---- The True and Readie Way to Learne the Latine Tongue. Attested by\n    Three Excellently Learned and Approved Authours of three Nations.\n    By Samuel Hartlib, London. Printed by R. and W. Leybourn for the\n    Common-wealth of Learning. London. 1654.\n---- The Gate of the Latine Tongue Unlocked. Exhibiting in a natural\n    order the structure of Things and of the Latine Tongue (according\n    to the Rules of the newest Method of Tongues). With an etymological\n    Scaliger, Isidore, Martinus and other Classical Autors, and\n    Alphabetically disposed by W. D. 8\u00ba. 332 pp. Printed by William\n    Du-Gard; and are to be sold by John Clark at the entrance into\n    Mercer\u2019s Chappel, at the lower end of Cheapside. A. Dom. 1656.\n---- Orbis Sensvalivm Pictus (Visible World), or, A Picture and\n    Nomenclature of all the chief Things that are in the World, and\n    of Mens employments therein. A Work newly written by the Author\n    in Latine, and High-Dutch (being one of his last Essays, and the\n    most suitable to Childrens Capacities of any that he hath hitherto\n    made) & translated into English. By Charles Hoole, Teacher of a\n    Private Grammar-School in Lothbury. London. For the use of young\n    Latine-Scholars. With portrait of Komensk\u00fd. 8\u00ba. 309 pp. Printed for\n    J. Kirton, at the Kings-Arms, in Saint Paules Church-yard. 1659.\n---- An Exhortation of the Churches of Bohemia to the Church of\n    England: Wherein is set forth the Good of Unity, Order, Discipline\n    and Obedience, in Churches rightly now, or to be Constituted.\n    With a Description premised of the Order and Discipline us\u2019d in\n    the Churches of the Brethren in Bohemia. Written in Latine and\n    dedicated to his most Excellent Majesty Charls the Second, in\n    Holland, at his Returning into England; if possible it may be\n    for an Accomodation amongst the Churches of Christ. By J. Amos\n    Comenius, the only surviving Bishop of the Remains of those\n    Churches. 4\u00ba. 78 pp. Translated by Joshua Tymarchus. Printed for\n    Thomas Parkhurst, at the Three Crowns, over-against the great\n    conduity at the lower end of Cheapside. 1661.[15]\n  [15] On p. 447 of his _P\u00edsemnictv\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9_ (Bohemian Literature), Dr.\n  Flaj\u0161hans asserts that Komensk\u00fd wrote in 1660 a Latin treatise on the\n  Unity of the Brethren, entitled _De Bono Unitatis_, etc., which he\n  dedicated to Charles II. Obviously the treatise referred to by Flaj\u0161hans\n  and the _Exhortation of the Churches of Bohemia to the Church of England_\n  is one and the same.\n---- A General Table of Europe, representing the Present and Future\n    State thereof: The Present: Governments, Languages, Religions,\n    Foundations and Revolutions both of Governments and Religions.\n    The Future: Mutations, Revolutions, Government and Religion\n    of Christendom, and of the World. From the Prophecies of the\n    three late German Prophets, Kotterus, Christina (Poniatovsk\u00e1)\n    and Drabicius, etc. All Collected out of the Originals, for the\n    common Use and Information of the English. 4\u00ba. 288 pp. Benjamin\n    Billingsley. London. 1670.\n---- Janua Linguarum. Translated into English, and printed according\n    to J. A. Comenius his last Edition, delivered with his own Hand.\n    So much altered, augmented, and amended, that it may be accounted\n    as a new Work. 8\u00ba. 285 pp. Illustrated. Printed by John Redmayne.\n---- Ratio Disciplin\u00e6, or the Constitution of the Congregational\n    Churches. By T. C. Upham on the model of K\u2019s and Mather\u2019s books.\n    Portland, Maine. 1829.\n---- Rules of Life. Regul\u00e6 vit\u00e6. 19 pp. W. Mallalieu & Co. London. 1865.\n---- The Great Didactic. Now for the first time Englished, with\n    introduction, biographical and historical, by M. W. Keatinge. 319\n    pp. Adam and Charles Black. London. 1896.\n---- The Labyrinth of the World and the Paradise of the Heart. Edited\n    and Englished by the Count L\u00fctzow. 16\u00ba. 2 pl. 306 pp. 1 portrait.\n    The Temple Classics. J. M. Dent & Co. London. 1905.\nKva\u010dala, John, editor. Korrespondence Jana Amose Komensk\u00e9ho. Collection\n    of Latin, Bohemian, English and German letters written by or\n    concerning Komensk\u00fd. Three volumes, two edited by John Kva\u010dala and\n    one by A. Patera. Published by the Francis Joseph Bohemian Academy\n    of Sciences, Letters and Arts. Prague. 1892, 1898, 1902.\nLang, Ossian H. Comenius: His Life and Principles of Education. E. L.\n    Kellogg & Co. New York. 1891.\nLaurie, S. S. John Amos Comenius, Bishop of the Moravians; His Life\n    and Educational Works. Reading circle edition; with five authentic\n    portraits and a new bibliography with fifteen photographic\n    reproductions from early editions of his works. 272 pp. C. W.\n    Bardeen. Syracuse. 1892.\n---- Studies in the History of Education. Comenius, pp. 138-58.\n    University Press. Cambridge. 1903.\nMaxwell, W. H. The Text-Books of Comenius ... address before the\n    Department of Superintendence of the National Educational\n    Association at Brooklyn. 24 pp. C. W. Bardeen. Syracuse. 1892.\nMonroe, Paul, editor. A Cyclop\u00e6dia of Education. Comenius, v. 2, pp.\n    135-41. The Macmillan Company. New York. 1911.\nMonroe, Will S. Comenius, the Evangelist of Modern Pedagogy. 7 pp.\n    Reprint from Education. Boston. Dec., 1892.\n---- Comenius and the Beginnings of Educational Reform. 8\u00ba. 184 pp.\n    Charles Scribner\u2019s Sons. New York. 1907.\nMunroe, James P. The Educational Ideal. Comenius, pp. 68-94. D. C.\n    Heath & Co. Boston. 1896.\nPainter, F. V. N. A History of Education. Comenius, pp. 200-12. D.\n    Appleton & Co. New York. 1891.\n---- Great Pedagogical Essays. John Amos Comenius; selections from his\n    Great Didactic, with biographical sketch. American Book Company.\nParker, Samuel Chester. A Text-book in the History of Modern Elementary\n    Education. 12\u00ba. 505 pp. Illustrated. Comenius, pp. 136-48.\n    Bibliography. Ginn and Company. Boston. 1912.\nPaterson, Maurice. Johann Amos Comenius. A sketch of his life and\n    educational ideas. 8\u00ba. 48 pp. Blackie & Son. London. 1892.\nPayne, Joseph. Lectures on the History of Education. London. 1892.\nPayne, W. H. A Short History of Education. Bibliography of Comenius.\n    Pp. 100-04. C. W. Bardeen. Syracuse. 1881.\nQuick, Robert Herbert. Essays on Educational Reformers. Comenius, pp.\n    119-71. D. Appleton & Co. New York. 1902.\nSloane Manuscripts, in the British Museum. By J. L. Scott. London.\n    1904. Letters to and from J. H\u00fcbner, between 1638-40, alluding to\nVaughn, Robert. The Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell and the state\n    of Europe during the early part of the reign of Louis XIV.\n    Letters written by Samuel Hartlib relating to Komensk\u00fd, pp.\nWilliams, Samuel Gardiner. The History of Modern Education. 16\u00ba. 481\n    pp. Comenius, pp. 163-86. C. W. Bardeen. Syracuse. 1899.\nThe World\u2019s Best Essays, from the earliest period to the present time;\n    edited by David Brewer. Comenius, pp. 1122-28. Fred P. Kaiser. St.\nWorthington, John. The Diary and Correspondence of ----. From the Baker\n    MS. in the British Museum and the Cambridge University Library and\n    other sources. 2 vs. Edited by James Crossley. Printed for the\n    Chetham Society. 1847. Copious references to Komensk\u00fd.[16]\n  [16] On pp. 78-9, v. 2, part 1, is a poem by James Montgomery, reprinted\n  from his _Greenland_, edit. 1850, pp. 73-4, which pictures Komensk\u00fd\n  leading out the remnant of the United Brethren from the land of their\n  sires.\nARTICLES\nBlodgett, J. H. Was Comenius called to the Presidency of Harvard?\n    Educational Review. New York. 16:391-93. 1898.\nBusse, F. Object Teaching. American Journal of Education. Hartford.\nCalkins, N. A. The History of Object Teaching. American Journal of\n    Education. Hartford. 12:633-45. 1862.\nEaton, John. Comenius. The Philadelphia Sunday School Times. 39:562-63.\nFisher, Philip Melanchton. Celebration of the 300th Anniversary of the\n    Birth of Comenius, at Pasadena, California. Pacific Educational\nGregor, Frances. A Pioneer of Learning. The Chicago Times. Mar. 26,\nKlos\u00e9, Edwin G. John Amos Comenius: His Life, Services to the\n    Brethren\u2019s Church and to Education. The Moravian. Bethlehem. Mar.\nKomensk\u00fd, John Amos. On the occasion of the three hundredth anniversary\n    of the birth of ---- the Educational Review, New York, Mar.,\n    1892, printed four papers: 1. John Amos Comenius, by the editor,\n    Nicholas Murray Butler. 2. The Place of Comenius in the History of\n    Education, by S. S. Laurie. 3. The Text Books of Comenius, by C. W.\n    Bardeen. 4. The Permanent Influence of Comenius, by Paul H. Hanus.\n---- the Encyclop\u00e6dist and Founder of Method. Journal of Education.\n---- Labyrinth of the World. Review in Athen\u00e6um. London. 2:343. Sept.,\n---- Orbis Sensualium Pictus. American Journal of Education. Hartford.\n---- Writes a Letter, June, 1644. Educational Review. New York. Pp.\nKr\u00e1l, J. J. (J. G. Krall.) Comenius and His Views of the Drama. The\n    Theatre. London. 19:195-96. April, 1892.\nLaw, Mary E. Comenius or Komensk\u00fd. Kindergarten Primary Magazine.\nLippert, Emanuel. Child Study in Bohemia and Moravia and Report of\n    the Bohemian National Committee for the Protection of Children.\n    Pedagogical Seminary. V. 4. Worcester. 1916.\nMonroe, Will S. Comenius, the Evangelist of Modern Pedagogy. Education.\n---- At Comenius\u2019 Grave (Naarden, Holland). Journal of Education.\n---- Was Comenius called to the Presidency of Harvard? Educational\n---- Comenius and the Beginnings of Educational Reform. Review by P.\n    Monroe. Educational Review. New York. 20:525-26. Dec., 1900.\nQuick, Robert Herbert. John Amos Comenius; his life and educational\n    works. Academy. London. 21:57-8. 1882.\nRaven, J. H. Comenius. An Old School Book. Living Age. Boston.\n    169:373-80. 1886; same, Macmillan\u2019s Magazine. London. 53:437-44.\nRaumer, Karl von. John Amos Comenius. American Journal of Education.\n    Hartford. 5:257-98. 1858; same, Chamber\u2019s Journal. Edinburgh.\nVojan, J. E. S. John Amos Comenius, Bohemian, not German savant. The\n    Iowa Citizen. July 11, 1910.\nVostrovsk\u00fd, Clara. A European School of the Time of Comenius.\n    Education. Boston. 17:356-59. Feb., 1897.\nWatson, Foster. Comenius. Academy. London. 43:149-50. 1893.\nXIV\nLANGUAGE AND LITERATURE\nPUBLICATIONS\nBain, Robert Nisbet. National influences in Bohemian and Polish\n    Literature. The Cambridge Modern History. 11:653-60. Bibliography,\nBiographical Dictionary of the Library of the World\u2019s Best Literature,\n    Ancient and Modern. Charles Dudley Warner, editor. 31 vs. Contains\n    among others, biographical notices of these Bohemian authors:\n    Emanuel Bozd\u011bch, Svatopluk \u010cech, Franti\u0161ek Lad. \u010celakovsk\u00fd, John\n    Amos Komensk\u00fd (Comenius), Josef Dobrovsk\u00fd, Josef V\u00e1clav Fri\u010d,\n    V\u00edt\u011bzslav H\u00e1lek, Karel Havl\u00ed\u010dek (Borovsk\u00fd), Boleslav Jablonsk\u00fd\n    (Karel Eugen Tup\u00fd), Bohumil Janda, Alois Jir\u00e1sek, Jaroslav\n    Kalina, Josef Kalousek, Josef Vlastimil Kamaryt, V\u00e1clav Kliment\n    Klicpera, Josef Ji\u0159\u00ed Kol\u00e1r, Jan Koll\u00e1r, Karel Hynek M\u00e1cha,\n    Ferdinand B\u0159etislav Mikovec, Otakar Mokr\u00fd, Bo\u017eena N\u011bmcov\u00e1, Jan\n    Neruda, Franti\u0161ek Palack\u00fd, Pavel Josef \u0160afa\u0159\u00edk, Julius Zeyer. The\n    International Society. New York. 1896.\n[Illustration: Augustine Herrman and his Map of Virginia and Maryland.\nPortrait by Himself\nHerrman is the first known Bohemian immigrant to America]\nBohemian Classics. School edition. Readers for the teaching of the\n    Bohemian language in American High Schools, Colleges, etc. V. 1.\n    Tale by A. V. \u0160milovsk\u00fd; v. 2. Bohemian Folk-lore. Bohemian text;\n    English introduction. Arranged by J. V. Nigrin. Bohemian Literary\n    Society of Chicago. 1916.\nBotta, Anne C. Lynch. Handbook of Universal Literature, from the best\n    and latest authorities. The Bohemian Language and Literature, pp.\n    373-75. Houghton Mifflin Company. Boston. 1883.\nBowring, Sir John. (W\u00fdbor z b\u00e1snictw\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho.) Cheskian Anthology.\n    Being a history of the Poetical Literature of Bohemia, with\n    translated specimens. 16\u00ba. 270 pp. Rowland Hunter. St. Paul\u2019s\n    Church-Yard. London. 1832.\n---- Manuscript of the Queen\u2019s Court. A collection of old Bohemian\n    lyrico-epic songs, with other ancient Bohemian poems. Translated.\nHavl\u00ed\u010dek, Karel. Gleanings of Epigrams of ----, translated by Jaroslav\n    J. Zmrhal. English-Bohemian Memorial, published on the occasion of\n    the unveiling of a monument to ---- in Chicago, July 30, 1911.\nKopta, Flora P. Bohemian Legends and other Poems. 8\u00ba. 183 pp. William\n    R. Jenkins. New York. 1896.\nLongfellow, Henry Wadsworth, editor. Poems of Places. Switzerland and\n    Austria. Moldava, the river, by James Gates Percival, p. 227; The\n    Student of Prague, by Karl Immermann, translated by J. C. Mangan,\n    pp. 230-33; Battle of Prague, translated by H. W. Dulken, p. 234;\n    The Old Clock of Prague, by Josiah Gilbert Holland, pp. 236-38; The\n    Beleaguered City, by H. W. Longfellow, pp. 238-40; On the River\n    Tepl, Bohemia, by R. E. Egerton-Warburton, p. 248; J. R. Osgood &\nL\u00fctzow, Count. A History of Bohemian Literature. 8\u00ba. 425 pp. D.\n    Appleton & Company. New York. 1899.\nMachar, J. S. Magdalen. Authorized translation, by Leo Wiener. 257 pp.\n    Mitchell Kennerley. New York. 1916.\nMorfill, Richard William. The Dawn of European Literature. Slavonic\n    Literature. 16\u00ba. 264 pp. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.\nSelver, P. An Anthology of Modern Bohemian Poetry. 12\u00ba. 128 pp. Henry\n    J. Drane. London. 1912.\nSonnenschein, W. S. Best Books. Slavonic Philology and Literature, p.\nTalvj (pseud. of Theresa Alberta Louisa von Jacobi, Mrs. Robinson).\n    Historical View of the Languages and Literature of the Slavic\n    Nations; with a sketch of their popular poetry. Preface by Edward\n    Robinson. History of the Czekhish or Bohemian language and\n    literature, pp. 147-211. 8\u00ba. 412 pp. G. P. Putnam. New York. 1850.\nVickers, Robert H. Martyrdoms of Literature. 8\u00ba. 456 pp. Sassawa, pp.\n    70-73; John Hus, pp. 120-22; Bohemia, Ferdinand I., pp. 203-12;\n    Bohemia, Ferdinand II., pp. 295-313. Charles H. Sergel & Co.\nWratislaw, A. H. (Lyra \u010czecho-Slowansk\u00e1.) Bohemian Poems, Ancient and\n    Modern; translated from the original Slavonic, with an introductory\n    essay. 16\u00ba. 120 pp. John W. Parker. London. 1849.\n---- Patriotism: an ancient lyrico-epic poem, translated from the\n    original Slavonic (Bohemian), with introduction. 8\u00ba. 20 pp.\n    Whittaker and Co. London. 1851.\n---- Manuscript of the Queen\u2019s Court. A collection of old Bohemian\n    lyrico-epic songs, with other ancient Bohemian poems. Translated.\n    Polyglotta Kr\u00e1lodvorsk\u00e9ho Rukopisu. F. \u0158ivn\u00e1\u010d. Prague. 1876.\n---- The Native Literature of Bohemia in the Fourteenth Century. Four\n    lectures delivered before the University of Oxford on the Ilchester\n    Foundation. 8\u00ba. 174 pp. Geo. Bell & Sons. London. 1878.\nARTICLES\nBohemian National Hymn (Kde domov m\u016fj.) Translated. Chicago University\n    Settlement Song Book; same, Charities. New York. 13:205. 1904.\nBowring, Sir John. History of Bohemian Literature. Review of Joseph\n    Jungmann\u2019s Historie literatury \u010cesk\u00e9. Foreign Quarterly Review.\n---- Ancient Bohemian Ballads. Westminster Review. London. 12:304-21.\n    Apr., 1830. Commentary on the Queen\u2019s Court MS.; a collection of\n    old Bohemian Lyrico-Epic Songs, with other ancient Bohemian poems.\n    Discovered and published by Wenceslaus Hanka and translated by\n    Wenceslaus Aloys Swoboda.\nBohemian and Slovak Literature. History of ----. 31 pp. Westminster\nBlind, K. Vicissitudes and Literature of Bohemia. National Quarterly\n\u010capek, Thomas. Revival of the Bohemian Language. The Bohemian Voice.\n---- Hapsburgs and the Bohemian Language. The Bohemian Voice. Omaha.\n---- The Decline and Rise of Bohemian Letters. The Bohemian Voice.\n    Omaha. Sept. and Oct., 1893.\n\u010cech, Svatopluk. Songs of the Slave. Third Song, translated by Jan\n    Havlasa. Osv\u011bta Americk\u00e1. Omaha. Aug. 5, 1908.\n---- Songs of the slave. Translated by Otto Kotou\u010d. Komensk\u00fd, Organ of\n    the Federation of Komensk\u00fd Educational Clubs. Omaha. 4:1. 1912;\n    4:481-82; other Songs in Poet Lore. Boston. 27:114-16. 1916.\n\u010cerm\u00e1k, B. Bohemian Literature. Athen\u00e6um. London. 2:8; 1888-89. 2:9;\nFairfield, A. R. Slavonic Literature. Academy. London. 24:344. 1883.\n    Review of R. W. Morfill\u2019s Slavonic Literature.\nFarnham, Amos W. Bohemia, Bohemia. A poem adapted to the music of\n    Maryland, My Maryland. Oswego Daily Times. Sept. 27, 1916.\nGregor, Frances. Bohemian Novelists. The Bohemian Voice. Omaha. Sept.\nGurowski, A. de. Slavic Languages and Literatures. North American\n    Review. Boston and New York. 71:329-59. 1850. Review of Talvj\u2019s\n    Historical View of the Languages and Literature of the Slavic\n    Nations.\nH\u00e1lek, V\u00edt\u011bzslav. Evening Songs. Translated by Libbie A. Breuer.\n    University of Texas Magazine. Austin. Jan., 1911. Feb., 1912.\n---- Evening Songs. Translated by Otto Kotou\u010d. Poet Lore. Boston.\nLiterature of Bohemia. Westminster Review. London. 116:372-91. 1881.\nL\u00fctzow, Count. Ancient Bohemian Poetry. New Review. London. 16:181.\n---- The Literature of Bohemia. Transactions of the Royal Society of\n    Literature. 21:207-22. London. 1900.\nMachar, J. S. The Passing of Satan. A poem. Translated by J. J. Kr\u00e1l.\n    The Truth Seeker. New York. Mar., 1901.\n---- A Fantastic Ballad. Translated by Otto Kotou\u010d. Komensk\u00fd, Organ of\n    the Federation of Komensk\u00fd Educational Clubs. Omaha. 2:2. 1910.\n---- On Golgotha. Translated by Otto Kotou\u010d. Poet Lore. Boston.\nMarchant, Francis P. An Outline of Bohemian Literature. The\n    Anglo-Russian Literary Society. The Imperial Institute. London. Pp.\n    48-75. Proceedings of Feb., Mar., Apr., 1911.\nNeruda, Jan. An Ancient Cottage. (Star\u00e1 chatr\u010d.) A poem translated by\n    Libbie A. Breuer. The New South. Dallas. May, 1912.\nNigrin, Jaroslav Victor. Teaching of Bohemian in (American) High\n    Schools and Colleges. The Bohemian Review. Chicago. 1:11. June,\nPeriodical Press of Bohemia. Illustrated. Review of Reviews. New York.\nPolitical and Social Poetry among the Czechs. Review of Reviews. New\nSclavonic Traditional Poetry, in a letter to ... Zaboy, Slawoy, and\n    Ludeck. A Sclavonian Tale. Translated from the Bohemo-Sclavonian\n    Dialect. Blackwood\u2019s Magazine. Edinburgh. 10:145-51. Sept., 1821.\nSl\u00e1dek, Josef V. A Handful of Bohemian Heather. The Bohemian Voice.\nTalvj (Mrs. Robinson). Slavonic Popular Poetry. North American Review.\nTille, V\u00e1clav. Bohemian Literature. Athen\u00e6um. London. 1891-92, 2:6,\nVrchlick\u00fd, Jaroslav. An Arabic Motive. Translated by Jan Havlasa.\n    Osv\u011bta Americk\u00e1. Omaha. Oct. 7, 1908.\nWard, A. W. Bohemian Literature in the 14th Century. Macmillan\u2019s\nXV\nMISCELLANY\nPUBLICATIONS\nBaker, James. Report on technical and commercial education in East\n    Russia, Poland, Galicia, Silesia, Bohemia. 122 pp. Wyman & Sons.\nBohemian-American Letter Writer; or Directions how to compose\n    correctly, letters, documents, etc., which occur in the social\n    relations and business life of the United States. 122 pp. August\n    Geringer. Chicago. 1907.\nBorn, Baron Inigo. (Mineralogist and Counsellor of the Mines at\n    Prague.) Series of Letters to Prof. Ferber on the Mines and\n    Mountains of different Countries. To which is added John James\n    Ferber\u2019s Mineralogical History of Bohemia. 8\u00ba. Translated from the\n    German by R. E. Raspe. 1777. London (?).\nChamber of Commerce and Industry in Prague. 6 pp. Politika. Prague.\nMerrylees, John. Carlsbad and its environs. With a medical treatise\n    on the use of the waters by B. London. Illustrated. 8\u00ba. 199 pp.\n    Sampson, Low & Co. London. 1886.\nMoleville, M. Bertrand de. The Costumes of the Hereditary States of\n    the House of Austria. Displayed in fifty coloured engravings; with\n    descriptions and an introduction. 15 plates are Slovak, Bohemian\n    and Moravian. Translated by R. C. Dallas. fo. 50 pl. W. Miller.\nRosick\u00fd, Marie Bayer. Bohemian-American Cook Book. Tested and Practical\n    Recipes for American and Bohemian Dishes. Translated into English\n    by Rose Rosick\u00fd. 8\u00ba. 306 pp. National Printing Company. Omaha. 1915.\nRoyal Bohemian Coal and Mining Company, Limited. Reports. 8\u00ba. 16 pp.\n    Printed by McNeil and Moody. London. 1864.\nSchoberl, Frederick. Austria: containing a description of the manners,\n    customs, character and costumes of the people of that Empire.\n    Illustrated. Bohemia, chap. 2, and pp. 28-31. C. S. Williams.\n    Philadelphia. W. Brown, printer. 1828.\nZmrhal, Jaroslav J. (Prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00edtanka ob\u010dansk\u00e1.) A Primer of Civics;\n    designed for the guidance of the immigrant. English and Bohemian on\n    opposite pages. 66 pp. Colonial Dames of Illinois. Chicago. 1912.\nARTICLES\nBaker, James. Manual Training in Central Europe. The Practical\n    Teacher\u2019s Art Monthly. London, Aug., 1900.\nCanalization of the Elbe (Labe) and the Moldau (Vltava). Illustrated.\n    Scientific American Supplement. New York. 57:23598. Mar., 1904.\nCleef, E. van. Overlooked Bohemia. Map. Journal of Geography. Appleton,\nExecutioner\u2019s Sword. The Sabbath School Visitor. Philadelphia. 36:19.\n    Oct. 1, 1885. Reprint from the Edinburgh Children\u2019s Record.\n    Description of the (supposed) sword with which Bohemian Martyrs\n    were beheaded at Prague, June 21, 1621.\nFeistmantel, O. The Bohemian Coal Beds. Nature. London. 14:268-70. 1876.\nHawes, J. B. Streets and Roads of Bohemia. U. S. Consular Reports.\nKay, C. de. Trout Farms of Bohemia. U. S. Consular Reports. 49:41. 1895.\nKrabschitz Institute. A Singular History. By R. S. A. The\n    Congregationalist. London. 7:611-14. Oct., 1878.\nKr\u00e1l, J. J. Reminiscences of a Bohemian Gymnasium. The Inlander. Ann\n---- The Three Bohemias. Music. Chicago. 5:103-05. 1893.\n---- Prokop Divi\u0161, Inventor of the Lightning Rod. Popular Science\n    Monthly. New York. Jan., 1893.\nMilles, Jeremiah. Of the Carlsbad Mineral Waters in Bohemia.\n    Philosophical Transactions. London. Abr. 11:68. 1757.\nNewbigin, M. I. Departments of Natural History of the Bohemian Museum.\n    Natural Science Magazine. London. 8:168.\nSlavic Transliteration. Report of the A. L. A. Committee. International\n    Congress of Librarians in Paris. 1900. Report by Bo\u0159ivoj Prus\u00edk of\n[Illustration:\n             Of the Ingenious DELINEATOR and ENGRAVER\n                   CLASSES of DIFFERENT SORTS;\n                     Some Account of His LIFE.\n             Printed in LONDON, for the EDITOR _G.V._\n              A Member of the SOCIETY of ANTIQUARIES.\nWenceslaus Hollar\nPortrait by Himself]\nXVI\nMUSIC\nPUBLICATIONS\nBaker, Theodore, editor. A Biographical Dictionary of Musicians.\n    Contains short biographies of Anton\u00edn Dvo\u0159\u00e1k, J. L. Dussek, F.\n    \u0160kroup, B. Smetana, Z. Fibich, V. Nov\u00e1k, V. J. Tom\u00e1\u0161ek, etc. G.\n    Schirmer. New York. 1905.\nBendl, Karel. Twelve Gypsy Songs. Czech and English texts. Novello,\n    Ewer & Co. London.\nBurchenal, Elizabeth, editor. Folk Dances and Singing Games: twenty-six\n    folk dances including Bohemian. Illustrated. G. Schirmer. New York.\nCelebrated Pianists of the Past and Present Time. Contains portraits\n    and biographies of V. J. Tom\u00e1\u0161ek, J. L. Dussek, etc. H. Grevel and\nDickinson, Edward. The Study of the History of Music. Recent Music in\n    Bohemia, pp. 375-76. Charles Scribner\u2019s Sons. New York. 1905.\nDickinson, Clarence and Helen A. The Influence of the Reformation on\n    Music: 1517-1917; in, Excursions in Musical History. The H. W. Gray\nDussek, Jan Ladislav. The Captive of Spillburg, in two acts. Altered\n    from the favourite French drama called Le Southerrain, with a\n    preface by the translator. The music by ----. 8\u00ba. 47 pp. M. Stace.\nDvo\u0159\u00e1k, Anton\u00edn. Saint Ludmila; an oratorio, written by Jaroslav\n    Vrchlick\u00fd, the music composed by ----. The English version by the\n    Rev. Dr. Troutbeck. Book of words, with analytical notes, by Joseph\n    Bennett. Novello, Ewer & Co. London. 1886.\n---- The Spectre\u2019s Bride; a dramatic cantata, written by K. J. Erben.\n    English version by the Rev. Dr. Troutbeck. Novello, Ewer & Co.\n---- Four Songs. English words by Mrs. John Morgan, authorized by\n    Dvo\u0159\u00e1k. N. Simrock. Berlin. 1887.\n---- by Henry T. Finck in, Famous Composers and their Works, edited by\n    John Knowles Paine and others. J. B. Millet Co. Boston. 1891-1900.\n---- in, From Grieg to Brahms; studies of some modern composers and\n    their art, pp. 72-95, by Daniel Gregory Mason. The Outlook Co. New\n---- Sketch of his life and estimates of his genius and place in art.\n    Portrait and bibliography in, Masters in Music, v. 4, p. 20. Daniel\n    Gregory Mason, editor. Bates and Guild Company. Boston. 1904.\nElson, Arthur. Modern Composers of Europe. Bohemians and others, pp.\n    91-114. Portraits of Dvo\u0159\u00e1k and Smetana. Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons.\nGrove\u2019s Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Includes mention of V.\n    J. Tom\u00e1\u0161ek, B. Smetana, Anton\u00edn Dvo\u0159\u00e1k, Z. Fibich, V. Nov\u00e1k, O.\n    Nov\u00e1\u010dek, F. Ond\u0159\u00ed\u010dek, Jan Kubel\u00edk, etc. The Macmillan Co. London\n    and New York. 1904.\nHadden, J. Cuthbert. Modern Musicians. Jan Kubel\u00edk, pp. 166-71.\n    Portrait. T. Foulis. London. 1914.\nHadow, W. H. Studies in Modern Music. Anton\u00edn Dvo\u0159\u00e1k, pp. 171-225.\n    Portrait. Seeley and Co. London. 1895.\nKappey, J. A., editor. Songs of Eastern Europe, a collection of 100\n    volkslieder. Includes 18 Bohemian songs. English translation by\n    Clara Kappey. William A. Pond & Co. New York.\nNarrative History. The Art of Music. A comprehensive library of\n    information for music lovers and musicians. Illustrated. 14\n    vs. Daniel Gregory Mason, editor-in-chief. Includes: Musical\n    Development in Bohemia, v. 3, pp. 165-86; Bohemian and Polish Folk\n    Song, v. 5, pp. 127-28; Chamber Music Works of Smetana and Dvo\u0159\u00e1k,\n    v. 7, pp. 338-585; The Orchestra, Modern Bohemia, v. 8, pp. 374-82;\n    Bohemian Opera, v. 9, pp. 439-41. The National Society of Music.\nPisek, Vincent. Twenty Bohemian Folk Songs. English and Bohemian texts.\n    Translated and compiled by ----. 70 pp. New York. 1912.\nPratt, Waldo Selden. The History of Music. A Handbook and Guide for\n    Students. G. Schirmer. New York. 1907.\nRunciman, John F. Old Scores and New Readings: Discussions on Musical\n    Subjects. 8\u00ba. 279 pp. Anton\u00edn Dvo\u0159\u00e1k, pp. 249-54. Unicorn Press.\nSmetana, Bed\u0159ich. The Bartered Bride: a comic opera in three acts,\n    libretto by K. Sabina. English version by Helen J. Harvitt. 8\u00ba. 43\n    pp. F. Rullman. New York. 1908.\n---- Synopsis of the Bartered Bride in, A Guide to Modern Opera, by\n    Esther Singleton. Pp. 1-9. Dodd, Mead & Co. New York. 1909.\n---- The Bartered Bride: For the benefit of the Legal Aid Society,\n    Metropolitan Opera House, April the twenty-ninth, nineteen hundred\n    and nine. 7 plates. New York.\n---- Bohemian Cradle-Song from the Opera Hubi\u010dka (Kiss), adapted for\n    concert use by Kurt Schindler. English version by Henry G. Chapman.\n    G. Schirmer. New York. 1910.\n---- in, The Opera Goers\u2019 Complete Guide, by Leo Melitz. Translated\n    by Richard Salinger. Synopsis of The Bartered Bride, pp. 31-32.\n    Dalibor, pp. 63-65; The Kiss, pp. 169-71. Dodd, Mead and Company.\n---- Synopsis of The Bartered Bride in, The Opera Book, by Edith B.\n    Ordway, pp. 28-30. Sully and Kleinteich. New York. 1915.\n\u0160pa\u010dek, Anna and Boyd, Neva L. Folk Dances of Bohemia and Moravia\n    for School Playground and Social Center. Harmonizing of music by\n    Gertrude Shoemaker. Saul Brothers. Chicago. 1917.\nStories of the Operas and the Singers. Emmy Destinn, p. 40. Portrait.\n    John Long. London. 1910.\nZaj\u00ed\u010dek, Frank. John Huss Oratorio. English words by ---- according to\n    the Bohemian version of V. J. Dvo\u0159\u00e1k and a short sketch of the\n    life of Huss. National Printing and Publishing Co. Chicago. 1915.\nARTICLES\nDvo\u0159\u00e1k, Anton\u00edn. By H. E. Krehbiel. Portrait. The Century Magazine. New\n---- Biographical Sketch. Metronome. New York. July, 1894.\n---- Saturday Review. London. 81:323-24. Mar., 1896.\n---- The Return of ----. Portrait. The Critic. New York. 21:236. 1892;\n---- Symphonies of ---- by W. B. S. Mathews. Music. Chicago. 17:615.\n---- The Work of ----. Portrait. By Daniel Gregory Mason. The Outlook.\n---- Some Appreciative Remarks on ---- by P. M. F. Hedley. Portrait\n    modelled from life. Musical Standard. London. 20:506. Sept. 12,\n---- Sketch and portrait. Athen\u00e6um. London. 1:603. May 7, 1904.\n---- Dead. Sketch of his life with list of his works, and portrait.\n    Musical Courier. New York. 48:18; 25. May, 1904.\n---- Bohemian-American Composer. Portrait. Review of Reviews. New York.\n---- The Music of ----. Musician. Boston. 15:89. Feb., 1910.\n---- Portrait of. Review of Reviews. New York. 43:621. May, 1911.\n---- Student Days with ----. By H. P. Hopkins. Etude. Philadelphia.\nDestinn, Emmy. An Opera Singer, who is a musician, a musician who is\n    a cultivated woman. By Katherine M. Roof. Musician. Boston. 19:4;\nDussek, John L. A Neglected Composer. By J. Mendelsohn. Musician.\nHejda, F. K. The Echo. Translated by J. J. Kr\u00e1l. Music. Chicago.\nHensel, Octavia. Student Days in the Imperial Land. Music. Chicago.\nHlav\u00e1\u010d, V. J. His Sustaining Piano-forte. Music. Chicago. 4:311-15.\nKr\u00e1l, J. J. Bohemian Popular Poetry and Music. Music. Chicago.\n---- Bohemian Music in 1894. Translation of an article by F. K. Hejda\n    in Dalibor (Prague). Music. Chicago. 7:514-19. Mar., 1895.\n---- History of the Polka. Music. Chicago. 9:305-12. Jan., 1896.\nKrehbiel, H. E. Folk-music Studies of the Magyars and Slavs, including\n    Bohemia. New York Daily Tribune. July 30; Aug. 6, 1899.\n---- Jan Kubel\u00edk, with portrait sketch by Cecelia Beaux. The Century\nMackenzie, A. C. The Bohemian School of Music. Quarterly Magazine\n    of the International Musical Society. Part 2. 7:145-72. Leipsic.\nSmetana, Bed\u0159ich. The Famous Czech Composer. The Review of Reviews. New\n---- Father of Bohemian Music. By J. J. Kr\u00e1l. Music. Chicago. 9:144-53;\n---- Celebrated Original Compositions: Overture to the Bartered Bride.\n---- By J. E. S. Vojan. The Sunday American. Cedar Rapids. Apr. 21,\n---- Dvo\u0159\u00e1k and Fibich. By J. E. S. Vojan. The Sunday Republican. Cedar\n---- My Country: Six Symphonic Poems. By J. E. S. Vojan. The Sunday\n    Tribune. Chicago. Oct. 9, 1912.\nVojan, J. E. S. The Bohemian Opera. The Daily News. Chicago. Nov. 8,\n    1911; same, The Record-Herald. Chicago. Nov. 19, 1911.\n---- Composers of Genius, whose works are neglected in the United\n    States. The Sun. New York. Nov. 18, 1911; same, The Daily Tribune.\n---- A Sketch of the Modern Musical History of Bohemia. English section\n    of the Org\u00e1n Bratrstva \u010c. S. P. S. Chicago. 25:258. 1917.\nZelenka, Lerando L. Music in Bohemia. Komensk\u00fd, Organ of the Federation\n    of Komensk\u00fd Educational Clubs. Omaha. 8:271-76. Dec., 1916.\nXVII\nPERIODICALS\nPERIODICALS[17]\n  [17] Josef Pastor published a monthly journal devoted to the interests of\n  emigrants, in Hamburg, 1884. Lessons in elementary English were printed\n  in every issue. The publication was called _\u010cesk\u00e9 Osady v Americe_.\n  (Bohemian Settlements in America.)\n  _The Org\u00e1n Bratrstva \u010c. S. P. S._, Chicago, official organ of the\n  Bohemian Slavonic Benevolent Societies in the United States of America\n  and Canada, has an English section.\n  _The Bratrsk\u00fd V\u011bstn\u00edk Z. \u010c. B. J._, Omaha, official monthly of the\n  Western Bohemian Fraternal Association, maintains an English section.\n_The Bohemian Voice._ Omaha. Organ of the Bohemian Americans in the\n    United States. Published from Sept., 1892, to Nov., 1894. Thomas\n    \u010capek edited the magazine from the beginning to Apr., 1894, when J.\n    J. Kr\u00e1l became editor.\n_American Bi-Monthly. Chicago._ Two numbers published, Dec., 1914 and\n    Feb., 1915. A. G. Melichar and J. J. Zmrhal, editors.\n_The Bohemian Review._ Monthly. Chicago. Official Organ of the Bohemian\n    (Czech) National Alliance in America. First number Feb., 1917.\n    Jaroslav F. Smetanka, editor.\nXVIII\nPLANS. MAPS. VIEWS. JOURNALS\nPUBLICATIONS\nBohemia, Account of the Campaign of 1756, in Bohemia, Silesia and\n    Saxony. 8\u00ba. Griffith. London. 1757.\n---- The Theatre of War in the Kingdom of ---- by T. Jefferys. Drawn\n    from the Survey of J. C. M\u00fcller. London. 1757.\n---- Moravia, Saxony, Silesia, etc. Correct Map of ----. Showing the\n    Seat of War between the Prussians and Austrians in those parts.\n---- Cruchley\u2019s New Map of the Seat of War in ----. Showing all the\n    fortified Towns, Railways, Roads, etc. London. 1866.\n---- Two Views of ---- by Walmsley, engraved by Bluck. 1801.\n---- The Campaign in ----, 1866, by G. J. R. Gl\u00fcnecke. Maps and Plans.\nPrague. An Internal View of a Great Hall at ----. George Egidius\n---- An Exact Plan of ---- with the particular Disposition of ye French\n    and Austrian Armies, in ye present Siege, with ye Retrenchments\n    made by ye Marshals de Broglio and de Belleisle for its defence.\n    Taken by M. de Broglio\u2019s Chief Engineer and sent to Mr. Donnelly.\n    Engrav\u2019d, Printed and Publish\u2019d for D. Donnelly. Sept. 6, 1742.\n---- A Plan of the City of ---- with the French Camp, and the\n    disposition of the Austrian Army to attack the same in their\n    Trenches. Copyed from an original Draught sent from the Austrian\n    Camp. M. Senex. London. 1742.\n---- An Exact Account of all that passed at ----, from the French\n    Army\u2019s flight thither after the battle between the King of Prussia\n    and Prince Charles of Lorrain, down to the raising of the Siege\n    ----. By an Engineer in the French Armey at Prague. Translated from\n    the French. With a postscript, containing a few reflections on\n    Marshall Belleisle\u2019s evacuating Prague, etc. 8\u00ba. London. 1743.\n---- A Journal of the Siege of ----, wrote by a principal officer to\n    one of his friends. 8\u00ba. Dublin. 1743.\n---- A Plan of the City of ---- with the Prussian Camp and Batteries.\n    1757. With a Map of the Country round ---- showing ye Junction and\n    March of the Prussian Armies.\n[Illustration:\n  Winceslaus Hollar a Bohemian Gent, born in Prague, famous\n  in Arts, by his indefatigable Labours has left many Works to\n  externize his Memory; being first encouraged by his Noble Patron.\n  belov\u2019d and esteem\u2019d by the Curious, having peregrinated on\n  Earth (in many parts) at last was here deposited to Rest. He\n  liv\u2019d in London and dyed in this Parish 28 of March 1677. A\u00ba \u00c6t 70\nWenceslaus Hollar\u2019s Memorial Tablet]\nHerrman, Augustine. View of New Amsterdam (New York) about the year\n    1650. Appended to J. H. Innes\u2019 New Amsterdam and its People.\n---- Virginia and Maryland. As it is Planted and Inhabited this present\n    Year 1670 Surveyed and Exactly Drawne by the Only Labour and\n    Endevour of ----, Bohemiensis. W. Faithorne, Sculpt.\nThe Czecho-Slovak State, map of ---- colored. Supplement to The New\nXIX\nPOLITICS\nPUBLICATIONS\nAustrian Terrorism in Bohemia. Introduction by Thomas G. Masaryk. 12\u00ba.\n    38 pp. Chap. I., The Political Murder of Dr. Kram\u00e1\u0159, reprint from\n    The New Statesman. London. June 17, 1916; Chap. II. and III.,\n    reprint from articles in La Nation Tch\u00e8que. Paris. May 1 and June\n    15, 1916. Czech National Alliance in Great Britain. Printed by J.\n    Truscott & Son. London. 1916.\nBailey, W. F. The Slavs of the War Zone. 8\u00ba. 266 pp. Illustrated.\n    Chapman and Hall. London. 1916.\nBene\u0161, Edouard. Bohemia\u2019s Case for Independence. Introductory by Henry\n    Wickham Steed. Map and bibliography. 129 pp. George Allen and\n    Unwin. London. 1917.\nBene\u0161, Vojta. A Memorial (appeal) to the International. Pp. 3-8.\n    Signed: Bohemian Section of the Socialist Party in America. In\n    Russian, French, English, German, Bohemian. Chicago. 1917.\nBrown, Charles L. Our Fellow Citizens--The Bohemians and Slovaks. 8\n    pp. Address delivered at Philadelphia, Apr. 14, 1917.\n\u010capek, Thomas. Austria-Hungary and the Slavonians. 22 pp. Written in\n    commemoration of the Mass Meeting of citizens of Slavic origin,\n    held at Carnegie Hall, New York City, December 14, 1912, for\n    the purpose of protesting against Austria-Hungary\u2019s unjustified\n    interference with the Balkan Slavs.\n---- Bohemia Under Hapsburg Misrule. A Study of the Ideals and\n    Aspirations of the Bohemian and Slovak Peoples, as they relate to\n    and are affected by the great European War. Articles by, Thomas\n    \u010capek: Have the Bohemians a Place in the Sun? and, The Slovaks\n    of Hungary. Bohumil \u0160imek: Why Bohemia Deserves Freedom. H. A.\n    Miller: The Bohemian Character. Will S. Monroe: Place of Bohemia\n    in the Creative Arts. Leo Wiener: The Bohemians and the Slavic\n    Regeneration. Emily G. Balch: The Bohemians as Immigrants. Edited\n    by ----. 8\u00ba. 187 pp. Fleming H. Revell Company. New York. 1915.\nCh\u00e9radame, Andr\u00e9. The Pangerman Plot Unmasked. Berlin\u2019s Formidable\n    Peace-Trap of the Drawn War. With an introduction by the Earl of\n    Cromer. Maps. 235 pp. Charles Scribner\u2019s Sons. New York. 1917.\nCurtin, D. Thomas. The Land of Deepening Shadow; Germany-at-war. 8\u00ba.\n    337 pp. Police Rule in Bohemia, pp. 194-201. George H. Doran\n    Company. New York. 1917.\nCzech Hatred of Austria Grows. Reprint of an article in the New York\n    Sun. 4 pp. Bohemian National Alliance in America. New York. 1917.\nGayda, Virginio. Modern Austria; her racial and social problems.\n    Czechs, pp. 66-89. Dodd, Mead and Company. New York. 1915.\nHeadlam, J. W. The Dead Lands of Europe. 31 pp. Bohemia, pp. 13-18.\n    George H. Doran Company. New York.\nThe Independence of the Czecho-Slovak Nation. Quotations from Wilson,\n    Viviani, Balfour, Palack\u00fd, Masaryk, Seton-Watson and others. 20 pp.\n    Printed for the Czecho-Slovak Arts Club of New York City. Feb. 26,\nKelly, R. J. Bohemia and the Czechs. 12 pp. Illustrated. Dublin. 1915.\nKratochvil, Slavom\u00edr, editor. The Voice of Freedom (Revolu\u010dn\u00ed V\u00fdzva.)\n    English issue of the Czech-Slovak monthly. Pp. 153-92. New York.\nLowell, A. Lawrence. Governments and Parties in Continental Europe. 2\n    vs. Bohemia, chap 8. Houghton Mifflin Company. New York. 1896.\nMamatey, Albert. The Situation in Austria-Hungary. 16 pp. Reprint of an\n    article published in the Journal of Race Development. Worcester.\nMarchant, Francis P. Bohemia: Her Story and her Claims. 15 pp. Czech\n    National Alliance in Great Britain. London. 1917. Reprint of an\n    article in the Asiatic Review. London. 22:147-62. Aug., 1916.\nMasaryk, Thomas G. The Problem of Small Nations in the European Crisis.\n    Inaugural Lecture at the University of London, King\u2019s College. 32\n    pp. Council for the Study of International Relations. London. 1916.\n    Condensed in Times Current History Magazine. New York. Dec., 1915.\n---- The Slavs among the Nations. Reprint of an article from La Nation\n    Tch\u00e8que. Paris. May 15, 1916. Lecture delivered by ---- Feb. 22,\n    1916, before the Institute of Slav Studies in Paris. 38 pp. Czech\n    National Alliance in Great Britain. Printed by J. Truscott & Son.\n---- Declaration of the Bohemian (Czech) Foreign Committee. Comments\n    of London papers. 14 pp. Bohemian National Alliance in America.\nMemorandum submitted by the Bohemian (Czech) Presbyterians to the\n    General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. at\nNamier, Lewis B. The Czecho-Slovaks, an Oppressed Nationality. 24 pp.\n    Hodder and Stoughton. London. 1917.\n---- The Case of Bohemia. 10 pp. Czech National Alliance in Great\n    Britain. London. 1917. Reprint from The New Statesman. London.\nPergler, Charles. Bohemia\u2019s Claim to Independence. An address\n    delivered before the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of\n    Representatives of the United States, February 25, 1916. 12 pp.\n    Bohemian National Alliance in America. Chicago. 1916.\n---- Bohemian (Czech) Hopes and Aspirations. A lecture delivered before\n    the State University of Minnesota, March 28, 1916. 19 pp. Bohemian\n    National Alliance in America. Chicago. 1916.\n---- An Open Letter to Miss Jane Addams and Other American Advocates of\n    Peace. 2 pp. Signed: Bohemian National Alliance in America. 1916.\n---- The Bohemians (Czechs) in the Present Crisis. An address delivered\n    on the 28th day of May, 1916, in Chicago, at a meeting held to\n    commemorate the deeds of Bohemian volunteers in the Great War. 23\n    pp. Bohemian National Alliance in America. Chicago. 1916.\n---- The Heart of Europe. An address delivered in Washington, December\n    11, 1916, at a Conference of oppressed or dependent nationalities.\n    With a foreword by Alois F. Kov\u00e1\u0159\u00edk. 39 pp. Bohemian (Czech)\n    National Alliance in America. Chicago. 1917.\n---- The Bohemian Question. 6 pp. Reprint from Annals of the American\n    Academy of Political and Social Science. Philadelphia. 1917.\n---- Should Austria-Hungary Continue to Exist? 14 pp. Reprint from\n    The Yale Review. New Haven. 7:308-21. Jan., 1918. Yale Publishing\n    Association. New Haven.\nProchazka, J. Bohemia\u2019s Claim for Freedom. Edited by ----. Introduction\n    by G. K. Chesterton. Illustrated. Map. 12\u00ba. 66 pp. Chatto & Windus.\nRecht, Charles. Bohemia and her Position in the War. 14 pp. Map. 24\u00ba.\n    Czech Relief Association. New York. 1915.\nSchierbrand, Wolf von. Austria-Hungary: The Polyglot Empire. Map. 8\u00ba.\n    352 pp. Frederick A. Stokes. New York. 1917.\nSeton-Watson, Robert William (pseud. Scotus Viator). The Future of\n    Austria-Hungary and the Attitude of the Great Powers. 8\u00ba. 77 pp.\n    Archibald Constable & Co. London. 1907.\n---- German, Slav and Magyar. A Study in the Origins of the Great War.\n    198 pp. Maps. Williams and Norgate. London. 1916.\nSmetanka, J. F. The Position of the Bohemians (Czechs) in the European\n    War. 40 pp. Bohemian National Alliance in America. Chicago. 1916.\nSteed, Henry Wickham. A Programme for Peace. Reprint from the Edinburgh\n    Review. London. 24 pp. Bohemian National Alliance in America. New\nToynbee, Arnold J. Nationality and the War. With many colored maps.\n    Tchech (Czech) and German in the New Austria, pp. 261-72. J. M.\n    Dent & Son. London. 1915.\nThe Voice of an Oppressed People. 48 pp. Two maps. Articles by T. G.\n    Masaryk and Jaroslav F. Smetanka. Bohemian National Alliance in\n    America. Chicago. 1917.\nARTICLES\nAllen, Frederick H. Austria the Crux of the Peace Problem.\n    Renationalization of Dual Monarchy and abolition of autocratic rule\n    over subject races necessary forerunner of any permanent settlement\n    of world troubles. Position of Czechs, as vassals of Vienna. War\n    section magazine of the New York Herald. Sept. 30, 1917.\nAustria and Bohemia. By the Bohemian National Alliance in America. The\n    New York Times. Jan. 21, 1917.\n---- Hungary and the Slavs. The New Europe. London. 5:312-16. Dec. 20,\n---- Constitutionalism. The Westminster Review. London. 79:175-97.\nBaker, James. The Struggle at Prague. The Quiver. London. 700-05;\nBarry, Canon William. How to Break Austria. The Nineteenth Century.\nBene\u0161, Edouard. Germany and the Hapsburg Problem. The New Europe.\nBohemian Settlement. New Diet of Bohemia. The Spectator. London.\nBohemia, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Edinburgh Review. London.\n---- Two Rival Nationalities. Political Science Quarterly. Boston.\n---- Troubles. Independent. New York. 75:524-25. Aug. 28, 1913.\n---- Under Hapsburg Misrule. Review. The Spectator. London. 115:19-20.\n---- The Outlook. New York. 114:159. Sept., 1916.\n---- The Round Table. London. 333-41. Mar., 1917.\n---- Future. Review of Reviews. New York. 55:307-08. Mar., 1917.\n---- and Hungary. The Outlook. New York. 116:282. June 20, 1917.\n---- Fighters. The Literary Digest. New York. Illustrated. 54:1920.\n---- The Voice of. The New Europe. London. 5:223. Nov. 29, 1917.\n---- Army. The New Ally. The New Europe. London. 5:284-86. Dec. 13,\n---- and Alsace. The New Europe. London. 5:318. Dec. 20, 1917.\n---- and the Allies. The New Europe. London. 6:27-29. Jan. 17, 1918.\nBonsal, Stephen. Bohemia. The Submerged Front. The North American\nBrooks, Sydney. Fifty Years of Francis Josef. Harper\u2019s Magazine. New\nBruno, Guido. The Czechs and their Bohemia. Pearson\u2019s Magazine. New\nBuxton, N. and Masaryk, Thomas G. Liberation of Bohemia. The New\nCatholic Crisis in Bohemia. The Literary Digest. New York. 53:1036-37.\nCh\u00e9radame, Andr\u00e9. How to Destroy Pan-Germany. The Atlantic Monthly.\nCrumbling of Austria-Hungary. The Spectator. London. July 10, 1915.\nCzech Aspirations. The Literary Digest. New York. 51:11. July 3, 1915.\nDorrian, Cecil I. Ideal of re-nationalized Europe unfolded by great\n    Czech leader. (Masaryk.) The Globe and Commercial Advertiser. New\nDu\u0161ek, V. Liberal Austria. The Catholic Presbyterian. London. 2:27-33.\nForman, Josef. Liberation of the Czecho-Slovaks. The Nineteenth\n    Century. London and New York. 81:570-78. Mar., 1917; same, The\n    Spectator. London. 118:98. Jan. 27, 1917.\n---- Liberation of Bohemia. The New Statesman. London. 8:443-44. Feb.\nGooch, G. P. Czechs: Elections in Austria. Westminster Review. London.\nGrande, Julian. Austria Seething with Dissension. The New York Times.\nGribble, Francis H. Bohemia in the Battle. The Aspirations of the\n    Czechs. A Problem of the War. Map. The Graphic. London. 95:120.\n---- Czech claims and Magyar intrigues. The Nineteenth Century. London\nHamlin, C. Slavic Races and Panslavism. Bibliotheca Sacra. Andover.\nHapsburg Monarchy and the Slavs. Nation. New York. 87:541-42. Dec. 3,\n[Illustration:\n                    W\u00ddBOR Z B\u00c1SNICTW\u00cd \u010cESK\u00c9HO.\n                       CHESKIAN ANTHOLOGY:\n                  Poetical Literature of Bohemia,\n                     WITH TRANSLATED SPECIMENS\n                   Prawan wlast gen w srdc\u00ed nos\u00edme,\n                   Tuto nebze b\u00edti ani kr\u00e1sti.\n            Our heart--our country\u2019s casket and defence--\n            Our country, none shall steal--none tear it thence.\n                      Hudbu a zp\u011bwy \u010cech milug.\n                ROWLAND HUNTER, St. PAUL\u2019S CHURCH-YARD.\nSir John Bowring\u2019s Bohemian Anthology]\nHard, William. The Case of Austria-Hungary. Metropolitan. New York.\n---- To Split the Germans. Metropolitan. New York. 47:12. Feb., 1917.\nHeilprin, A. Bohemia and Bohemians. Nation. New York. 60:305-06. 1895.\n    Review of Robert H. Vickers\u2019 History of Bohemia and James Baker\u2019s\n    Pictures from Bohemia.\nHeilprin, M. The Bohemian Question and the Bohemians. Nation. New York.\n---- Slavic Agitations in Austria. Nation. New York. 12:38. 1871.\n---- Nationality Strifes in Austria-Hungary. Nation. New York. 36:291.\n---- Czech Revival in Austria. Nation. New York. 36:545. 1883.\nHrbkova, \u0160\u00e1rka B. The Attitude of the Bohemians. Nebraska State\n    Journal. Lincoln. Feb. 13, 1916.\n---- An Eloquent Appeal for a Free Bohemia. Omaha Nebraskan. Omaha. May\n---- Why Bohemia? Why Czechs? Omaha Nebraskan. Omaha. July 26, 1917.\nHrdli\u010dka, Ale\u0161. Austria\u2019s Babel of Tongues Brings her Low in World\u2019s\n    War. Public Ledger. Philadelphia. Aug. 31, 1916.\nJerrold, Walter C. The Czechs. Pall Mall Gazette. London. Oct. 26, 1914.\nKelly, R. J. The Slavic and Other Small Nations and the War. The\n    Outlook. London. Oct. 30, 1915.\n---- Repression in Bohemia. The Outlook. London. Nov. 20, 1915.\nKram\u00e1\u0159, Karel. Europe and the Bohemian Question. National Review.\n---- Condemnation of ---- with portrait. The Bohemian Review. Chicago.\nLanda, M. J. Bohemia and the War. The Contemporary Review. New York and\nLevine, Isaac Don. Bohemia. The Birth of New Nations. Series of\n    articles in the New York Tribune. July 8, 1917.\nLong, R. C. Race questions and the British policy; a letter from\n    Vienna. Fortnightly Review. London and New York. 92:160-74. July,\nL\u00fctzow, Count. The Bohemian Question. The Nineteenth Century. London\n---- American Influences on Austria-Hungary. World\u2019s Work. New York.\nMasaryk, Thomas G. Pangermanism and the Eastern Question. The New\n---- Austria Under Francis Joseph. The New Europe. London. 1:193-203.\n---- Bohemia and the European Crisis. The New Europe. London. 2:33-47.\n---- The Future Bohemia. The New Europe. London. 2:161-74. Feb. 22,\nMika, G. H. The Army of Victory or Death. The Outlook. New York.\nMiller, H. A. Nationalism in Bohemia and Poland. North American Review.\nNosek, V. Austria: a Study in Confusion. The New Europe. London.\nOrd\u00e9ga, L. Bohemia and Austria. Chautauquan. Meadville. 19:203-07. 1894.\nPalda, L. J. The Bohemians and their Struggle for Home Rule. Lecture\n    prepared for the Astor (New York) Library Club. Midland Monthly\n    Magazine. Des Moines. Feb., Mar., 1896.\nPanther, (pseud.) Poles, Czechs and Jugoslavs. The New Europe. London.\nPan-Slav Congress meeting in St. Petersburg in 1908. Fortnightly\n    Review. London and New York. 90:145-46. July, 1908.\nPergler, Charles. Independent Bohemian-Slovak State. The New Republic.\nPrince, J. D. Pan-Slavonic Ideal. Canadian Magazine. Toronto. 47:15-18.\nRoosevelt, Theodore. The Peace of Victory for which we Strive. With\n    Map. Metropolitan. New York. July, 1917. (The Czech and his close\n    kinsmen outside of Bohemia should form a new commonwealth.)\nRubicon. (pseud.) The Czechs and Austria. The New Europe. London.\nSchauffler, R. H. The Bohemian. The Outlook. New York. 97:558-61. Mar.,\nSchmitt, Bernadotte E. The Liberation of all Peoples. The New York\nSellers, Edith. Rival Leaders of the Czechs. Temple Bar. London.\nSeton-Watson, R. W. Pan-Slavism. The Contemporary Review. London.\nSlav Mutterings in Austria-Hungary. Map. The Literary Digest. New York.\nSloss, Robert. Hope for Small Nations. The Globe and Commercial\n    Advertiser. New York. July 27, 1916.\nSmetanka, J. F. The Demands of the Bohemian People. The Journal of Race\n    Development. Worcester. 8:157-70. Oct., 1917.\nSteed, Henry Wickham. The Quintessence of Austria. The Edinburgh\n---- Austria and Europe. Lecture delivered at King\u2019s College, London.\n    The New Europe. London. 5:359-66. Jan. 3, 1918; same cont.\nStevenson, I. P. Bohemia\u2019s Attitude Toward Francis Joseph. Independent.\nToynbee, Arnold J. The Slav Peoples. Political Quarterly. London.\nTwain, Mark. Stirring Times in Austria. Harper\u2019s Magazine. New York.\nVoice of the Little Peoples. The Literary Digest. New York. 655-56.\nVojan, J. E. S. Charles Havl\u00ed\u010dek, a National Poet and Martyr. The\n    Record-Herald. Chicago. Feb. 6, 1911.\nWashington, Booker T. Bohemia: Races and Politics. The Outlook. New\nWertenbaker, T. J. Bitter war of races spurs cause of Middle Europe.\n    Germans in Dual Monarchy look to the Hohenzollerns for help\n    against Czech and Magyar encroachments upon their dominance. The\n    Ledger. Philadelphia. July 30, 1917.\nWiener, Leo. The New Bohemia. Nation. New York. 73:128-29. Aug. 15,\nWistein, Rose. The Little Peoples. Fra. East Aurora. June, 1917.\n---- What Bohemia Demands. Address. Fra. East Aurora. August, 1917.\nWittelsh\u00f6fer, O. Race Question in Austria-Hungary. Chautauquan.\nXX\nPRAGUE\nPUBLICATIONS\nHaven, Gilbert. The Pilgrim\u2019s Wallet; or, Scraps of Travel Gathered\n    in England, France and Germany. 12\u00ba. Prague, pp. 461-70. Hurd &\n    Houghton. New York. 1869.\nHowell, Charles Fish. Around the Clock in Europe; A Travel Sequence.\n    Illustrated by H. F. Kellog. Prague, 4 P. M. to 5 P. M., pp.\n    101-134. Houghton Mifflin Company. Boston. 1912.\nL\u00fctzow, Count Francis. The Story of Prague. Illustrated by Nelly\n    Erichsen. 212 pp. J. M. Dent & Co. London. 1902.\n---- The Old Town Hall of Prague. Illustrated. 18 pp. Extract from a\n    speech delivered at the Old Town Hall of Prague on the occasion of\n    the visit of the Lord Mayor and Deputation of the Corporation of\n    the City of London on the 18th day of September, 1911.\nPrague and its Environs. 8\u00ba. Charles Bellmann. Prague. 1905.\n---- Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 Hlavn\u00ed M\u011bsto Praha. Preface in Bohemian, French,\n    English. 30 plates. City of Prague. 1908.\n---- English Club. Annual Report. 33 pp. Prague. 1913.\nSymons, Arthur. Cities. 8 photogravures. Prague, pp. 133-54. Pott,\n    James & Co. New York. 1903.\nARTICLES\nBaker, James. The Carl\u2019s Bridge at Prague. Leisure Hour. London.\n---- Prague and Bristol. Bristol Times and Press. Feb. 21, 1907.\nBedford, H. Visit to Prague and Vienna. Month. London. 39:33.\nDavis, Mrs. J. W. Glimpse of Prague. Harper\u2019s Magazine. New York.\nGlaser, M. Pictures of Prague by Modern Artists. The International\n    Studio. New York. 34:118-22. April, 1908.\nJansa, V. An Entrance Gate, Prague. Artist. New York. 31:111. 1902.\n---- Ostrov Kampa, Prague. 1 pl. International Studio. New York.\nPite, Beresford. The Cathedral of St. Vitus, Prague. The Architectural\nPrague. During the Feast of St. Nepomuk. Fraser\u2019s Magazine. London.\n---- and its Memories. Leisure Hour. London. 7:451-54. July, 1858.\n---- Thein (T\u00fdn) Church. American Architect. New York. 3:42. Feb. 2,\n---- Rudolphinum. American Architect. New York. Dec. 20, 1890.\nRalston, W. R. S. Huss Festival at Prague. Good Words. London.\n---- Poor of Prague. Good Words. London. 11:257-62. 1870.\nRenselaer, M. G. van. Prague. American Architect. New York. 18:123.\nSweny, H. W. Prague. Cassel\u2019s Magazine of Art. London. 1:37.\nSymons, Arthur. Prague. Illustrated. Harper\u2019s Magazine. New York.\n    103:508-17. Sept., 1901; same condensed, Current Literature. New\nXXI\nSOCIOLOGY AND ECONOMICS\nPUBLICATIONS\nBalch, Emily Greene. Our Slavic Fellow Citizens. 8\u00ba. 536 pp. Charities\n    Publication Committee. New York. 1910.\nHodges, LeRoy. Slavs on Southern Farms. An account of the Bohemian,\n    Slovak and Polish agricultural settlements in the Southern States.\n    21 pp. Washington. Government Printing Office. 1914.\nHrbkova, \u0160\u00e1rka B. History of the Bohemians in Nebraska. 48 pp. Nebraska\n    State Historical Society. Lincoln. 1914.\nKarpeles, Benno. Moravian and Silesian Miners; statistical inquiries\n    into their social and economic condition. V. 1. Tables.\n    Sonnenschein & Co. London. 1894.\nMcClure, Archibald. Leadership of the New America, Racial and\n    Religious. 12\u00ba. 314 pp. The Bohemians, pp. 47-60. George H. Doran\nRiis, Jacob. How the Other Half Lives; studies among the tenements of\n    New York. 304 pp. The Bohemian tenement house cigar making, pp.\n    136-47. Charles Scribner\u2019s Sons. New York. 1891.\nStanton, Theodore, editor. The Woman Question in Europe. Introduction\n    by Francis Power Cobbe. 8\u00ba. Chapter on Bohemian Women by Eli\u0161ka\n    Kr\u00e1snohorsk\u00e1. G. P. Putnam\u2019s Sons. New York. 1884.\nSteiner, E. A. On the Trail of the Immigrant. Illustrated. 8\u00ba. 375 pp.\n    Fleming H. Revell Company. New York. 1906.\n---- From Alien to Citizen. The story of my life in America.\n    Illustrated. 8\u00ba. Among the Bohemians, pp. 169-76. Fleming H. Revell\n    Company. New York. 1914.\nARTICLES\nBaker, James. Small Holdings in Ireland and Bohemia. Times. London.\nBalch, Emily Greene. The Story of a Bohemian Pioneer. Chautauquan.\n---- Slav Emigration at its Source. Charities. New York. 15:438, 591.\n---- Our Slavic Fellow Citizens. The question of assimilation.\n    Illustrated. Charities. New York. 19:1162-74. 1907.\n---- Peasant Background of our Slavic Fellow-Citizens. Illustrated.\n[Illustration: Bed\u0159ich Smetana\nPortrait by Max \u0160vabinsk\u00fd]\n\u010capek, Thomas. The Bohemians in America. The Chautauquan. Meadville.\n---- Christmas Day and how it is celebrated in old Bohemia. Illustrated\n    by E. V. N\u00e1dhern\u00fd. Christmas number Herald. New York. Dec. 12, 1897.\nCensus of the U. S. As a country of birth Bohemia has appeared at every\n    census from 1870 to 1900. See Bulletin of Population: 1910, pp.\nDavis, Catherine B. Modern Conditions of Agriculture in Bohemia.\n    Journal of Political Economy. Chicago. 8:491. 1907.\nHrbkova, \u0160\u00e1rka B. Bohemian Citizens have done much for Cedar Rapids.\n    Illustrated. Semi-Centennial edition of The Cedar Rapids\n    Republican. June 10, 1906.\n---- The Immigrant. Nebraska State Journal. Lincoln. May 29, 1910.\n---- The Melting Pot. The Daily Star. Lincoln. Feb., 1914.\n---- Bohemians in Nebraska. The Bohemian Review. Chicago. 1:10-4. July,\nHrdli\u010dka, Ale\u0161. Bohemia and the Czechs. Illustrated. The National\n    Geographic Magazine. Washington. 31:163-87. Feb., 1917.\nIndustrial Census of Bohemia. Scientific American Supplement. New York.\nJon\u00e1\u0161, Charles, late U. S. Consul to Prague. Bohemian and Hungarian\n    Emigration to the United States. U. S. Consular Reports. 32:491-94.\n---- Bohemians in Chicago. Preface by ---- to page article.\n    Illustrated. The Chicago Sunday Times. Jan. 24, 1892.\nKissner, J. G. The Catholic Church and Bohemian Immigrants. Charities.\nKohlbeck, Valentine. The Bohemian Element. Short History of the\n    Bohemian Catholic Congregations in Chicago. The New World. Chicago.\n---- The Catholic Bohemians in the United States. Champlain Educator.\n    25:36-54. Jan., Mar., 1906; same, Mt. Angel Magazine. Oregon. Jan.,\nKotou\u010d, Otto. The Bohemian Settlement at Humboldt in, A History of\n    Richardson County (Neb.). 1917.\nKomensk\u00fd Club of Columbia University, New York. Memorial. 16 pp.\n    English and Bohemian. Apr. 21, 1917.\nKoukol, Alois B. A Slav\u2019s a Man for A\u2019 That. Illustrated. Charities and\nKu\u010dera, Magdalena. The Slavic Races in Cleveland. Charities. New York.\nMcLaughlin, Allan. The Slavic Immigrant. Popular Science Monthly. New\nMasaryk, Alice Garrigue. The Bohemians in Chicago. A Sketch. Charities.\n---- Thomas Garrigue. The Labor Academy of Bohemia. A new feature of\n    the labor question. Translated by Josefa Humpal-Zeman for the\n    Chicago Record. Public Opinion. London. 22:203-04. Feb. 18, 1897.\nMashek, Nan. Bohemian Farmers in Wisconsin. Charities. New York.\nMiller, Kenneth D. Bohemians in Texas. The Bohemian Review. Chicago.\nRobbins, Jane E. The Bohemian Women in New York: Their work as cigar\n    makers. Home work among them. Charities. New York. 13:194-96. Dec.\nRoss, E. A. Slavs in America. Illustrated. Century Magazine. New York.\nRudi\u0161-Ji\u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd, J. Bohemians in Linn County. Linn County Atlas. Iowa\n    Publishing Co. Davenport. 1907.\nSchauffler, H. A. Slavonic Populations in the United States.\n    Evangelical Alliance. 89:248.\nSteiner, E. A. Character of the Bohemians in the U. S. Outlook. New\n\u0160varc, V\u00e1clav. The Culture which the Slav offers America. The\n    handicraft and industrial exhibition conducted by the Slavic\n    Alliance in Cleveland. Illustrated. Charities. New York. 14:875-81.\nSwehla, Francis J. The Bohemians in Central Kansas. Portraits. Map.\n    Kansas Historical Society Collections. 13:469-512. Topeka. 1915.\nTurner, R. W. Emigration from Bohemia. U. S. Consular Reports.\nVlach, J. J. Our Bohemian Population. Proceedings of the State\n    Historical Society of Wisconsin. Pp. 159-62. Madison. 1902.\nZeman, Josephine Humpal. The Bohemian People in Chicago, pp. 115-28.\n    In, Hull House Maps and Papers. A presentation of nationalities\n    and wages in a congested district of Chicago. By residents of Hull\n    House. T. Y. Crowell & Co. New York. 1895.\n---- Bohemian Settlements in the United States. Industrial Commission.\n---- Bohemia: A Stir of its Social Conscience. The Commons. New York.\nXXII\nTHE SOKOLS\nPUBLICATIONS\nTyr\u0161, Miroslav. Historical Sketch and Introduction to the foundations\n    of Gymnastics. Translated from the original manuscript by J.\n    Rudi\u0161-Ji\u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd. 28 pp. National Printing & Publishing Co. Chicago.\n---- Our Task, Aim and Goal. Translated by J. Rudi\u0161-Ji\u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd. 32 pp.\nARTICLES\nBaker, James. The Historical and Athletic F\u00eates at Prague. Queen\n    Magazine. London. July 13, 1912.\n---- The Sokol Festival at Prague. Illustrated London News. July 13,\n---- Woman\u2019s Work in the Famous Sokol Organization. Queen Magazine.\n---- The Palack\u00fd and Sokol Commemoration at Prague. Author\u2019s Magazine.\n---- National Renaissance and its Motive Power. The Sokol Organization\n    of the Slavs. Illustrated. Review of Reviews. London. 47:369-71.\nJerrold, Walter Copeland. The Bohemian Sokol. Fortnightly Review.\n    London and New York. 94:347-58. Aug., 1913.\nXXIII\nTRAVEL. DESCRIPTION. GEOGRAPHY\nPUBLICATIONS\nAbsolon, K. and S\u00fdkora, A. J. Description in Bohemian, German, French,\n    Russian, Polish, Slovene and English of the Moravsk\u00fd Kras (Moravian\n    Carso), particularly the far-famed chasm Macocha in Moravia, near\n    Brno. 40 illustrations. The Moravian Union for promoting visits of\n    foreigners. Brno. Moravia. 1904.\nBaker, James. Pictures from Bohemia. Drawn with Pen and Pencil.\n    Drawings by Walter Crane, H. Whatley and the best Bohemian artists.\n    4\u00ba. 192 pp. The Religious Tract Society. London. 1894.\n---- Austria: Her People and Their Homelands. 48 illustrations by\n    Donald Maxwell. 8\u00ba. 310 pp. John Lane. London. 1913.\n---- Days Afoot and European Sketches. 4\u00ba. Simpkins, Marshall & Co.\n    London.\nBird, A. F. R. Boating in Bavaria, Austria and Bohemia. 4\u00ba. Andrews,\nClark, Francis E. Old Homes of New Americans. The Country and the\n    People of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and their contribution to\n    the New World. With illustrations from photographs. 8\u00ba. 266 pp.\n    Bohemians, pp. 10-58. Houghton Mifflin Company. New York. 1913.\nCole, G. A. J. The Gypsy Road. A Journey from Krakow to Coblentz.\n    Illustrated by Edmund H. New. 8\u00ba. 166 pp. Macmillan & Co. London\n    and New York. 1894.\nCyclists Touring Club. Continental Road Book. V. 3. Maps. London. 1901.\nDamberger, Christian Frederick. Travels in Bohemia between the years\n    1781 and 1797. Translated from the German. London.\nDominian, Leon. Linguistic Areas in Europe: Their Boundaries and\n    Political Significance. Maps. Reprint from the Bulletin of the\n    American Geographical Society. New York. 47:6. June, 1915.\n---- The Frontiers of Language and Nationality in Europe. 20 Maps.\n    Bohemian, Moravian, and Slovakian, pp. 141-53. Henry Holt and Co.\nDoughty, Henry Montague. Our Wherry in Wendish Lands from Friesland\n    through the Mecklenburg lakes to Bohemia. 4 maps and 89\n    illustrations. 8\u00ba. 406 pp. Jarrold and Sons. London. 1893.\nGleig, Georg Robert. Germany, Bohemia and Hungary visited in 1837. 3\n    vs. Bohemia and Moravia, pp. 272-372. John W. Parker. London. 1839.\nHandbook for Travellers in South Germany and Austria: being a guide\n    to W\u00fcrtemberg, Bavaria, Austria, Tyrol, Salzburg, Styria, the\n    Austrian and Bavarian Alps, and the Danube from Ulm to the Black\n    Sea. With maps and plans. Bohemia, Moravia and Gallicia (!), pp.\nHodgson, Randolph L. On Plain and Peak. Sporting and other sketches of\n    Bohemia and Tyrol. Illustrated by Princess Mary Thurn and Taxis and\n    from photos. 8\u00ba. 254 pp. A. Constable & Co. London. 1898.\nKeysler, Johann Georg. Travels through Germany, Bohemia, Hungary, etc.\n    Translated from the German. Bohemia, v. 4, p. 247. Printed for A.\n    Linde in Catherine Street. London. 1760.\nKohl, Johann Georg. Austria, Vienna, Hungary, Bohemia and the Danube,\n    Galicia, Styria, Moravia, Bukovina and the Military Frontier. From\n    the German. 8\u00ba. London. 1843. Philadelphia. 1844.\nMacdonald, James. Glimpses of Bohemia, Past and Present. 8\u00ba. 55 pp. 1\n    plate. Lorimer & Gillies. Edinburgh. 1882.\nMeynier, H. The Tradesman\u2019s Travels in Germany, Silesia and Bohemia.\nMoryson (or Morison), Fynes. An itinerary written by ----. First in the\n    Latin Tongue, and then translated by him into English. Containing\n    his ten yeeres travell through the twelve dominions of Germany,\n    B\u00f6hmerland, Switzerland, Netherland, Denmark, Poland, Italy,\n    Turkey, France, England, Scotland, and Ireland. 3 vs. J. Beale.\nNiederle, Lubor. Geographical and statistical views of the contemporary\n    Slav peoples. Smithsonian Report 1910, pp. 509-612. Extracted by\n    Ale\u0161 Hrdli\u010dka, from Niederle\u2019s Slovansk\u00fd Sv\u011bt (Slavic World).\n    Government Printing Office. Washington. 1911.\nPatin, Charles. Travels through Germany, Bohemia, Switzerland, Holland\n    and other parts of Europe; describing the most considerable citys,\n    and the palaces of Princes.... Made in English and illustrated.\n    12\u00ba. London. 1696. Another edition. 1701.\nSalvo, Marquis Carlo de. Travels in the year 1806 from Italy to England\n    through the Tyrol, Styria, Bohemia, Galicia, Poland and Livonia ...\n    containing particulars of the liberation of Mrs. Spencer Smith from\n    the hands of the French police. Translated from the Italian by W.\n    Fraser. 12\u00ba. London. 1807.\nSilesia. An Autumn in Silesia, Austria Proper, and the Ober Enns. By\n    the author of Travels in Bohemia. 8\u00ba. London. 1859.\nStoddard, J. L. Lectures. Illustrated. Bohemia, supple. v. 5, pp.\n    237-328. Geo. L. Shuman & Co. Chicago and Boston. 1913.\nTaylor, Bayard. Views A-Foot; or Europe seen with Knapsack and Staff.\n    Scenes in Prague, pp. 140-55. George P. Putnam. New York. 1850.\nTravels through Germany, Bohemia, Switzerland, Holland, and other parts\n    of Europe in 1756. Also, Travels in the year 1806 through Bohemia.\n    No particulars as to author or publisher.\n[Illustration: Anton\u00edn Dvo\u0159\u00e1k]\nTravels in Bohemia; with a walk through the Highlands of Saxony. By an\n    Old Traveller (Thomas Brown of Edinburgh?). V. 1, 341 pp; v. 2, 397\n    pp. 8\u00ba. Guildford (printed). London. 1857.\nVizetelly, E. A. In Seven Lands: Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bohemia,\n    Spain, Portugal, Italy. 16 illustrations. 8\u00ba. 393 pp. Chatto and\n    Windus. London. 1916.\nWhite, Walter. A July Holiday in Saxony, Bohemia and Silesia. 8\u00ba. 305\n    pp. Chapman and Hall. London. 1857.\nARTICLES\nBaker, James. Round about Haida, Bohemia. Cornhill Magazine. London.\n---- Undiscovered Bohemia. Saturday Review. London. 62:48; same,\n    American Architect. Boston, 20:101. 1886.\n---- At the Oybin, Bohemia. Cornhill Magazine. London. Aug., 1886.\n---- At Bosig, Bohemia. Gentleman\u2019s Magazine. London. Apr., 1887.\n---- Why not Bohemia? Illustrated by H. Whatley. Illustrated London\n---- Schreckenstein, the Key of the Elbe (Labe). Gentleman\u2019s Magazine.\n---- A Pompeii in Bohemia. Cornhill Magazine. London. Jan., 1891; same,\n---- Some Rock Towns and Castles of Bohemia. Times. London. Oct. 23,\n---- A Visit to Peter Payne\u2019s Prison. Leisure Hour. London. Dec., 1894.\n---- In the Haida District. Sunday At Home. London. Apr., 1897.\n---- Prachatice, a Perfect Medi\u00e6val Town. Leisure Hour. London. Sept.,\n---- An Ancient Treasure Town--Kutn\u00e1 Hora. Sunday At Home. London. May,\n---- English Writers and Journalists in Bohemia. Author\u2019s Magazine.\n    London. 1905-08; same, Publisher\u2019s Circular. London. July 15, 1905;\n    same, Times and Mirror. July 21, 28, 1908; same, Author. London.\n---- In a Bohemian Cottage. Queen Magazine. London. Aug. 12, 1911.\nBohemia: Manners, Fashion and Things in General. A Summer Tour.\n    Fraser\u2019s Magazine. London. 21:425. Apr., 1840.\nBohemian School Master. Household Words. London. 3:496. 1851.\nBohemian Forest. Cornhill Magazine. London. 50-257-72. 1884.\nBrinton, Christian. Midsummer in Bohemia. Illustrated by Alfons M.\n    Mucha. Appleton\u2019s Magazine. New York. 8:131-38. Aug., 1906.\nFarnham, Amos W. The Land of Bohemia. The Vocationist. Oswego. 2:4.\nKopta, Flora P. Peasant Life in Bohemia. Southern Magazine. Louisville.\nMacdonald, James. A Visit to Moravia and Bohemia. The Catholic\n    Presbyterian. London. 3:446-55. Dec., 1881.\nMidsummer Eve in Bohemia. Once a Week. London. 11:54-6. 1864.\nMud-Larking in Bohemia. Temple Bar. London. 84:371. 1888.\nNedobyty, Anna. Bohemia Revisited. Illustrated. Overland Monthly. San\nRae, W. Fraser. Life at Bohemian Baths. Blackwood\u2019s Magazine.\nReminiscences of a Ride in a Schnell Wagon. Fraser\u2019s Magazine. London.\nStreet, G. S. Visit to Bohemia. People. London. 275-301; same,\n    Fortnightly Review. New York. 93:541-53. Mar., 1910; same, Living\nWalk Across Bohemia. Fraser\u2019s Magazine. London. 29:290-301. 1884.\nThe Travels of Three English Gentlemen, in the Year 1734. A Journey\n    from Vienna in Austria; to Prague, the Capital of Bohemia. The\n    Harleian Miscellany; or, a Collection of Scarce, curious and\n    entertaining Pamphlets and Tracts, as well in Manuscript as\n    in Print, found in the late Earl of Oxford\u2019s Library. London.\nXXIV\nBOHEMIA IN BRITISH STATE PAPERS AND MANUSCRIPTS\nIn the compilation of the material here given the authors have consulted\nand drawn from the following sources:\n_Close Rolls_, preserved in the Public Record Office; _Calendar of the\nPatent Rolls_; _Calendar of entries in the Papal Registers_ relating to\nGreat Britain and Ireland; _Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic of\nthe reign of Henry VIII._, preserved in the Public Record Office, the\nBritish Museum and elsewhere in England; _Calendar of State Papers_, of\nthe reign of successive English Kings; _Rolls of Parliament_, comprising\nthe Petitions, Pleas and Proceedings of Parliament from A.D. 1278 to\nA.D. 1503; _Journal of the House of Lords_, compiled by the direction\nof the Lords Committee for the _Journal_; _Collection of the State\nPapers of John Thurloe_ (Thurlow), Secretary first to the Council of\nState, and afterwards to the two Protectors Oliver and Richard Cromwell,\nbeing Authentic Memorials of the English Affairs from the Year 1638 to\nthe Restoration of King Charles II.; _Papers relating to John Drury\u2019s\nMission to the Continent_; _Reports of the British Historical Manuscripts\nCommission_; _Reports of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts_.\nFrom the mass of references to Bohemia which one finds stored in the\n_Calendar of State Papers_, the authors have practically noted only such\nas have some bearing on the relationship between that country and England.\nEngland\u2019s most genuine concern in Bohemia dates to the first quarter of\nthe seventeenth century, when Elizabeth Stuart had been called to guide\nthe state affairs of the ancient Kingdom. \u201cElizabeth Stuart, Queen of\nBohemia\u201d occupies a leading place in every index to the _Calendar of State\nPapers_.\nCertain school histories would make it appear that it was Austria and\nAustria alone which combated the Turkish invasion of southeastern Europe.\nA perusal of the reports which English ambassadors sent home from various\nposts on the continent, make it clear that the Bohemian State contributed\nits full share, in men and in treasure toward crushing the Turkish menace.\nIt is well worth recalling in this connection, that the present Hapsburg\nmonarchy really originated as a result of a voluntary union entered into\nin 1526 between Austria, Bohemia and Hungary. United we stand, divided we\nfall before the Turkish peril, was the chief argument used to effect the\nunion of these three states.\n1302, Nov. 10. Westminster. Safe-conduct, until Easter, for Gotfried,\nchaplain and envoy of the King of Bohemia and Poland, returning home.\n1302, Nov. 13. Westminster. To Wenceslaus king of Bohemia and Poland.\nThe king has received his letters of credence presented by Godfrey,\nWenceslaus\u2019 chaplain, the bearer of the presents, and he understands what\nthe chaplain wished to say to him on Wenceslauses behalf. He has caused\nthe relics of St. Thomas, sometime archbishop of Canterbury, which the\nchaplain prayed on Wenceslauses behalf might be sent by the king, and\nalso other relics be sent by the chaplain to Wenceslaus whom he prays to\nreceive them and to have and keep in fitting reverence. Close Rolls, v.\n1339, Dec. 3. Antwerp. Whereas of late when the king was passing with\nhis army through France certain enemies of the household of the king of\nBohemia lying in ambush attacked the king\u2019s clerks, William de Dalton and\nWilliam de Hugate, parsons of the churches of Southdalton and Northburton,\ntook them and brought them against their will to High Almain, where they\ndetain them in captivity, to the king\u2019s distress, he requests the provost\nof Beverley, his officers and ministers and all others interested to be\nfavorable and gracious to the prisoners in those matters wherein they\nhave to do with them, not seeking occasion against them in respect of\ntheir beneficies or the fruits thereof, and pardoning William de Dalton if\nduring the present impediment he be not ordained to the orders which his\nbenefice requires. Same, v. 1338-40, p. 400.\n1346, Sept. Rome. To John, King of Bohemia. Exhorting him to assist\ncertain nuncios in their mission, and to interpose in the interests\nof peace between the Kings of France and England. Calendar of Papal\nRegisters, v. 7, p. 28.\n1354, Dec. 2. Westminster. Protection and Safe conduct, until Michaelmas,\nfor John le Hammer of Boemia, who lately came to England on business\naffecting the King, who is going back to his own parts with three Knights\nand their grooms, and returning with thirty six Knights and their grooms,\nhorses, armour, goods and things. Patent Rolls, v. 1354-58, p. 132.\n1354. Enrolment of indenture made between the King (of England) and Master\nJohn Hanner and Herman de Reynesthorp of Boem, mynours (miners). The King\nhas committed to John and Herman his mines in Devonshire and elsewhere\nin England, rendering to the King the tenth part of their receipts and\nprofits both of gold and silver and of lead and copper extracted from\nthose mines. Same, v. 1354-60, p. 98.\n1381, May 1. Westminster. Grant of life annuities at the Exchequer to the\nfollowing, whom the King has retained to stay with him for life, they\ndoing homage therefor: Peter de Wartemberg, Knight, master of the chamber\nof the King\u2019s brother, the King of the Romans and Bohemia, 250 marks.\n1382, March 14. Westminster. Gives to Simon de Burle, Kings Knight,\ncertain grants for life, as recompense of his labor and expense in\njourneying to Germany and Bohemia to conduct the King\u2019s consort to\n1385, May 21. Westminster. Grant to the King\u2019s esquire Roger Siglem of\nBohemia, for his habitation, of a tenement at the corner of a lane called\nWyndgooslane. Same, v. 1381-85, p. 107.\n1388. Simon de Burley impeached for retaining sundry Bohemians in the\nKing\u2019s household. Rolls of Parliament, v. 3, 242a.\n1388. Chancellor, etc., to warn such Bohemians as are not retained in the\nQueen\u2019s service, to void the Realm. Same, v. 3, 247a.\n1388. Duke of Norfolk banished the Realm, and ordered to abide only in\nAlmain, Hungary, and Bohemia. Same, v. 3, 383b.\n1398, Oct. 3. Westminster. Licence for the king\u2019s lieges Thomas Gray of\nHeton, knight, William Elmham, knight, George Felbrigg, knight, Richard\nCraddock, knight, Richard Burgh, John Lancastre, Thomas de Brunham, Thomas\nYokflete, clerk, and John Rome, clerk, to be of the entire and continous\ncouncil of Thomas, duke of Norfolk, going to stay in Almain, Bohemia and\n1418, Mar. Constance. To the Archbishops of Canterbury and York, the\nBishops of London, Rochester, Chichester, Winchester, Exeter, Lincoln,\nBath and Wells, Salisbury, Worcester, Hereford, Coventry, Lichfield,\nNorwich, Ely, St. Davids, St. Asoph, Llandoff, Bangor, Durham, Carlisle\nand Candida Casa, and inquisitors of heresy in the provinces of Canterbury\nand York. Condemnation of the errors of John Wickleff of England, John\nHuss of Bohemia and Jerome of Prague; Form for examining heretics and\nsuspected heretics, etc. Calendar of Papal Registers, v. 7, p. 22.\n1427, April. Rome. To Henry, Cardinal priest of St. Eusebius\u2019s, papal\nlegate. The Pope has from time to time sent divers nuncios and legates for\nthe extirpation of heresy in Bohemia and neighbouring parts, but without\nresult, nevertheless, he does not lose hope, and daily prays that the\nsick flocks may be healed of their leprosy or be cut off from the land\nof the living, lest with their contagion they infect others. As the most\nfitting leader of the attack on heresy and the defense of the church,\nto convert or do battle with the heretics, the pope has singled out the\ncardinal for many reasons, his wisdom and prudence, as shown formerly (at\nConstance) in the matter of the union of the church, his high lineage,\nhis experience of great affairs, the glory of the realm and nation, which\nwill make him the more to be feared in war. The pope has therefore made\nhim legate a latere throughout all Germany and the realms of Hungary\nand Bohemia, and urges him not to refuse to undertake the burden. The\nenterprise will bring great and lasting glory to the King of England; etc.\n1427, July. Rome. To Henry, Cardinal of England, legate of the Apostolic\nsee. The Pope rejoiced to receive his letters dated at Mechlin on the 15\nof last month containing that he had undertaken the office of legate and\nis hastening against the Bohemians. Same, v. 7, p. 34.\n1427, Oct. Rome. To Henry, Cardinal of England, legate of the apostolic\nsee. The pope has with grief heard, from the legates chancellor, Nicholas\nBildeston, of the disgraceful flight of the army of the faithful in\nBohemia Aug. 2, 1427, from the siege of Meis (St\u0159\u00edbro) to Tachau (Tachov)\nwhere it was met by the legate, and from Tachau to the frontier on Aug.\n4. He commends the cardinal for promptly betaking himself to Bohemia, and\nfor his efforts with the princes and the army. The cardinal must persevere\nwith his enterprise, and is to strive in season and out of season with\nthe princes and prelates of Almain. The clergy and prelates of Almain,\nthe archbishops of Cologne and Mainz if they had joined those in Bohemia\nas they ought, and as had been arranged, the army would not have retreated\nwith such disgrace. Same, v. 7, p. 35.\n1429. Kingdom of Bohemia destroyed through Infidelity. Rolls of\nParliament, v. 4, p. 335.\n1518, Mar. 19. London. Ratification by Henry VIII. with Charles King of\nSpain, as principal contrahent, of the treaty of London, including his\nallies, Bohemia among them. V. 3, p. 40.\n1524, Jan. 20. Greenwich. Henry VIII. to Frederick, John, and George,\nDukes of Saxony. His (Luthers) doctrine is like that of Wycliffe, which,\nhe doubts not, they abhor, as German Princes and their progenitors\nendeavoured to exterminate it, and have confined it to Bohemia. Feels sure\nthey will prevent it from flooding Saxony and the whole of Germany. V. 4,\n1527, Jan. 12. Sir John Wallop to Wolsey. It is thought the King of\nBohemia is sending Salamanka to ask the King of England for aid against\nthe Turk. Thinks he intends first to make himself King of Hungary. V. 4,\n[Illustration: Count Francis L\u00fctzow\nPioneer worker in English Bohemica]\n1527, May 20. Pressell, in Silesia. Wallop to Wolsey. I assure your Grace\nthat I was not in all my journey so well entreatid, as I was with Hym\n(King of Bohemia) and his nobles. Howe be it, me thowght afore I was as\nwell entreatid as cowde be, but this chere was so goode and with so goode\nhartes, that I cannott write to moche thereof. And also presentes was\ngeven to me, not allone by the King Hym selfe, but also by his nobles.\nOver all this tyll I came into the King of Beemes contrey,\nI lay every nyght yn the Kinges castelles, or some of his noble mennys,\nall waies well providid for. As towching newes, I have none of any\ncertainte, but that the King of Beeme departithe frome hens the 21th\nday of this moneth towarde Prage, there to tary 7 other 8 daies att the\nferdest, and fro thens to departe to Vienne where he entendith to putt\nHym in a redynes to invade the royalme of Hungarie. And the likelyhode is\ngrete as I before tyme in my laste letters have written to your Grace,\nfor the Beemes have promysed Hym 6000 fotemenn and 1000 horsmenn; The\nMoraviens 3000 fotemenn and 500 horsmenn; and the Slesiens 2000 fotemenn\nand oone thowsond horsmenn, the space of half an yere. V. 6, part 5, pp.\n1536, Feb. 8. Reginald Pole to Gasper Cardinal Contarini. Writes to\ncommend Peter Bechimius, of Bohemia. Is pleased that he is looking for his\nwritings. Asks him to read like an enemy, not like a friend. Will send\nimmediately the portion about the authority of the Pope, and will not\ncease to work at the rest. Hears that Peter the Bohemian has delayed his\njourney, and still has Pole\u2019s letters to the Cardinal. V. 10, p. 101.\n1544, Aug. 16. Antwerp. Stephen Van Hassenpergk, a gentleman of Moravia,\nto whom Henry, with his accustomed liberality has given something in his\nrealm, fears to be hindered in the enjoyment and receipt of it, and asks\nher (Queen of Hungary) to write in his favour; which both for his virtues\nand because he is her subject as dowager of the Kingdom of Bohemia, she\ncannot refuse, and therefore begs Henry to give orders to his officers and\nsubjects therein. V. 19, part 2, p. 37.\n1554, April 6 and 12. Switzerland. Extracts of letters from the French\nAmbassador ----. King Ferdinand has sent to levy 4,000 horse in Bohemia\nand a number more in Hungary (against the Turk).... Last Friday, the\nAmbassadors of the Kings of Bohemia and the Romans left England.... V. 18,\n1556, March 29. Bruxelles. Masone to Devonshire. Foreign News. The King\u2019s\njourney to England deferred by reason of a visit from the King of Bohemia.\n1559, Jan. 17. Gottorp. Adolf, Duke of Holstein, to the Queen. Desires her\nlicence for Joachim Bekeman, Henry of Czevona, and John Militor to export\nfrom England to Bohemia and Poland each of them 500 white clothes of the\nsort called \u201cWilser et Westerlaken,\u201d to be purchased by them from the\nweavers at Blackwall hall. V. 1559-60, p. 202.\n1578, June 1. Grenwich. The Queen to the Princes of the Empire, professing\nthe Augsburg Confession. We therefore earnestly pray You that certain\ndelegates from various regions in Scotland, France, some of the provinces\nof Belgium, Poland, Bohemia, and elsewhere, who invoke Jesus Christ, may\nbe peaceably joined in a common council, to consider of the common cause.\n1619, May 8. Lord Doncaster has set out for Bohemia, his expenses will be\n1619, Oct. 2. Sir Horace Vere to Carleton. Great longing for news of the\nKing of Bohemia\u2019s coronation. Much suing for the command of the troops to\ngo to Bohemia, but his Majesty has not yet resolved to send any. V. 10, p.\n1619, Oct. 5. Thos. Locke to Carleton. Greater difficulty than ever\nin getting money. It is thought that letters from Bohemia must be\nintercepted in the way, they are so long in coming. V. 10, p. 83.\n1619, Oct. 11. The general loans will not supply the Bohemian wants. V.\n1619, Nov. 21. A gentleman has arrived from the King and Queen of Bohemia,\nto announce their arrival at Prague; their coronation is fixed for the\n1620, Jan. 18. Sir Fras. Nethersole to (Carleton). To be zealous in the\ncause of Bohemia is thought a fault in the eyes of those that govern. V.\n1620, Feb. 20. Sir Fras. Nethersole to ----. The King commanded Baron\nDona to prepare an answer to the Spanish minister\u2019s information that the\nCrown of Bohemia was only elective of heirs male, and that Ferdinand\u2019s\ndeposition was unlawful. His answer to the first part was conclusive and\nhe is sent to prepare one to the second. He was sanguine at first, from\nthe zeal of the Prince, Buckingham and others, as to obtaining substantial\naid, but the King, unwilling to call a Parliament, sits still, seeing what\nwill be done without him; he even refused to second the King of Bohemia\u2019s\nrequest to the City of London for a loan of \u00a3100,000. V. 10, p. 124.\n1620, Feb. 26. Chamberlain to Carleton. Sir And. Gray has made suit to be\nallowed to raise 2,000 volunteers for Bohemia. V. 10, p. 125.\n1620, Mar. 11. Chamberlain to Carleton. Drums beat for recruits for the\nKing of Bohemia. V. 10, p. 129.\n1620, Mar. 21. Sir Fras. Nethersole to (Carleton). The City of London\nwould contribute freely to the Bohemian cause, if they could have some\nwarrant from the King or Council that they would not afterwards be blamed\n1620, April (10?). Sir Jas. Wolveridge to Lord Zouch. Thanks for good\ntidings of the progress of the war in Bohemia; trusts that party will\navenge the death of Jan Huss and Jerome of Prague, etc. V. 10, p. 138.\n1620, Apr. 28. List of Dr. John Lambe of contributions in Rothwell Deanery\nto the aid for the King of Bohemia. V. 10, p. 140.\n1620, May 15. Rich. Stockwell to (Dr. Lambe). Sends up certain moneys,\namong which is \u00a362 4s. collected for the King of Bohemia. V. 10, p. 145.\n1620, May 18. List of contributions from thirty two parishers in\nLeicestershire, for the King of Bohemia. V. 10, p. 146.\n1620, June 1. Memo. by the Bp. of Peterborough, of the receipt of\nacquittances for \u00a3100, as part of the collection made in the diocese for\n1620, June 14. Sir Richard Younge to Lord Zouch. Embassies preparing to\nmediate a peace for the King of Bohemia. V. 10, p. 152.\n1620, June 15. Account of Rich. Lightfoot, Rector of Stoke-Bruerne, co.\nNorthampton, of contributions from his parish for the Bohemian loan, with\n1620, June 15. Account of Rich. Lightfoot, Rector of Stoke-Bruerne, co.\nNorthampton, of contributions from his parish for the Bohemian loan, with\nreceipt of \u00a310 16s., the amount thereof, by Dr. John Lambe.--Memorandum by\nWm. Jones, Parson of Syresham, of his contribution of 20s., towards the\nbenevolence for Bohemia. Hopes to be excused more, not being rich.--List\nof contributions to the collections for Bohemia, by the clergy of\ndifferent parishes, in the diocese of Peterborough, with the names of\nmany of the clergy; total \u00a377 14s.--Seven papers of memoranda relative to\npayments for the Bohemian loan in the diocese of Peterborough. V. 10, p.\n1620, June 28. Chamberlain to Carleton. The levies for Bohemia continue,\nbut the recruits come in slowly and there are great jealousies about the\nappointment of officers. V. 10, p. 15.\n1620, July 29. Examination of Simon Weston. Said in his Speech in the\nCounty Hall at Stafford, when urging the benevolence of Bohemia that Henry\nIII. and Henry IV. of France were murdered by Jesuits. V. 10, p. 169.\n1620, Sept. 14. Baron Achatius de Dona, Bohemian Ambassador, to Lord\nZouch. Requests his aid toward levying the contribution there for Bohemia.\nIncloses, the same to the Mayors, etc., of the Cinque Ports. Their\nMajesties of Bohemia requiring aid in maintaining their just cause. V. 10,\n1620, Sept. 16. Chamberlain to Carleton. Baron Dona is most arrogant in\ndemeanour; he made a progress in Buckinghamshire to Lady Darmers and Lady\nTresham\u2019s, and founded a counter contribution to that of Bohemia. V. 10,\n1620, Oct. 7. Mayor of Sandwich to Nicholas. Sends \u00a3153 11s., collected\nfor the Bohemian wars in the town. V. 10, p. 183.\n1620, Nov. 9. Chamberlain to Carleton. His Majesty expects those who have\nalready subscribed for Bohemia to contribute again. V. 10, p. 191.\n1620, Nov. 11. Examination of Hen. Foxwell, of Baltonsborough, Co.\nSomerset. Meant, by the expression in his letter to Mrs. Fitzjames, of\nCharlton, that \u201cthe taking of Bohemia and Palatinate would be to the good\nof the Church, the good of the Roman Catholic Church.\u201d V. 10, p. 191.\n1620, Nov. 27. Submission of Jos. Maxwell, addressed to the Council,\nacknowledging and retracting his error in presuming to determine that\nthe Kingdom of Bohemia is not elective, and that therefore the recent\ndeposition of one king and the election of another is unlawful. Will\npublish his retraction, if Baron Dona wishes it. V. 10, p. 194.\n1620, Dec. 13. Difficulty in collecting the contribution for Bohemia. The\nCity (London) would rather give \u00a35,000 from the common stock, than \u00a35 from\ntheir separate purses. V. 10, p. 199.\n1621, Jan. 26. Jos. Maxwell to the Council. Repeats his penitence and\nsubmission for his pamphlet on Bohemia. V. 10, p. 216.\n1621, Apr. 18. Chamberlain to (Carleton). News of the loss of Bohemia,\nsubmission of Hungary, etc. V. 10, p. 248.\n1621, Aug. 12. Articles of misdemeanor charged against Sir Robt. Bendloss,\nthat he declared the King was of no religion; dissuaded the benevolence\nfor the King of Bohemia as a dangerous precedent. V. 10, p. 283.\n1621, Nov. 24. Chamberlain to Carleton. The Lord Treasurer spoke (in\nParliament) of the poverty of the Exchequer, the King having himself spent\n\u00a3211,000 on the Bohemian war, besides \u00a334,000 given by the nobility and\n1622, July 23. Memo. of the payments by Art. Jarvis, collector of the\ngifts of the laity, to the aid of the King and Queen of Bohemia. V. 10, p.\n1622, Oct. 12. Bailiff and Jurats of Lydd to Lord Zouch. Have collected\nsuch moneys as were freely given toward the contribution for the King of\n1622, Oct. 29. Mayor of Sandwich to Lord Zouch. Has received, since the\nlast payments made \u00a310 11s. 10d. from Brightlingsea, co. Essex, towards\nthe contribution for Bohemia. V. 10, p. 458.\n1624, Mar. 1. Observations on the proceedings with Spain, since the\ncommencement of the Bohemian war, in reference to the Palatinate, etc. V.\n1624, July (?). Prayer for the King and Queen of Bohemia and their affairs\nto be used by the English companies abroad, after the prayer for the King.\n1624, Dec. 10. Lord Cham. Pembroke to Carleton. Though proceedings are\nslow, the King will prove to the world his affection to the cause. Thinks\nthe present war had better be styled a war for the Kingdom of Bohemia than\nfor religion. Never saw the Kingdom so affectionate for any business, etc.\n1626, Feb. (?). News Letter from Flanders containing interesting details\nrespecting the Pope, Emperor and King of Spain, the state of Bohemia, etc.\nFound among the Conway Papers. V. 1625-49, p. 722. Add.\n1630. Project for a trade to be made from England to the lower parts of\nGermany, Hungary, Bohemia, Slavonia, Croatia, Carinthia, Styria, Tyrol,\nMorlacca and other countries. V. 1629-31, p. 449.\n1633, Sept. 10. Bohemian divines to the divines of Sion College, London.\nGive a history of the Bohemian Church, and express their own desire for\nunity. Noted in Laud\u2019s handwriting, \u201cRece. Octob. 21. 1633. These letters\nwere delivered by some Bohemians to them of Sion College about the peace\nbetween Lutherans and Calvinists, etc.\u201d Papers Relating to John Drury\u2019s\nMission to the Continent. Rep. 4, p. 160, part 1.\n1635, July 18. Certified particular of the names of all such strangers\nborn as dwell within such parts of Middlesex as are adjacent to the city\nof London. Among them is Jeremy Lefeaver, born in Bohemia, weaver. V.\n1635, Sept. 20. Return of all the strangers born at present inhabiting\nwithin ward of Cripplegate Within: the total number was 23. In the parish\nof St. Alban, Wood Street, dwelt Christopher Mecenere, a jeweller, born in\n1648-1649. Treatise relative to the position and claims of the Elector\nPalatine and the King of Bohemia so far as dependent upon the Emperor. It\nis divided into paragraphs designated \u201cconsiderations.\u201d Under the 10th\n\u201cConsideration\u201d: \u201cTo cover the cause of the (Thirty Years) war made for\nreligion, a desire for peace is everywhere pretended, but that which is\ndone proves more than that which is deceitfully conceived to the grief\nand terror of Germany. The Bohemish cause might have been compounded by a\nfriendly treaty or decided by law, both which the Palatine always desired,\nand it had been best for the Empire that it had been ended by law. It\nmight have been ended by arms in Bohemia, where the war began, etc.\u201d V.\n1654, July. Leszna, Poland. Peter Figulus (Komensk\u00fd\u2019s son-in-law), to\nSamuel Hartlib in London. I cannot but bless the name of the Lord our God,\nwhenever I get something from you; for I see evidently, that God hath\nchosen you long since to be an instrument in his hand, as for many other\nhis good works, so likewise to work a Godly comfort and edification in\nour souls, whereof all your letters are full. The public letters which\nwere sent to you, are subscribed by baron Sadowsky, brother to him that\nis in England. They are written in the name of all our exiled nation, and\ndirected to the lord protector, his highnes\u2019s council, and the parliament.\nThe baron is a very good soldier, hath served long in the Swedish wars,\nlongs mightily for some help to the church of God grievously distressed\nand afflicted in these quarters by the Papal and Austrian adherents,\nbeing willing and resolved to spend himself, and do all what he can to\nthat end.... But he and we all leave the whole management of this affair\nto the wisdom of the lord protector and his council. Perhaps they will\nthereby be moved, or occasioned to take into a more serious deliberation\nthe case of our nation, and of us miserable exiles.... The emperor seeks\nnothing but the suppression of the Gospel, and a dilatation of the\nAustrian power. There is a monk lately converted to our religion, who\ntells, that the emperor with the pope are resolved infallibly to make a\nwar against the protestants. All the cloisters have promised to such a war\nto contribute each of them two soldiers and he tells, that they reckon\nunder the emperors dominions 96,000 cloisters or monasteries. But now\nthe exacerbation of minds increaseth by the most grievous persecution in\nBohemia, Moravia, Silesia and Austria. There are thousands of those, that\nwait and pray to God for some Zyska, that would begin a religious war for\nthe protestant cause: yet none of the princes in Germany have the courage\nto oppose themselves against the house of Austria. B. Sadowsky is fully\npersuaded, that God would bless this enterprise thus seconded, and purely\ndirected to the glory of God and the relief of the oppressed; especially\nif in the meantime the triumphant arms of the Commonwealth of England\npermit not the Spaniards to assist the emperor.... My good Father Mons.\nComenius is once come again out of Hungary to us at Lesna; the Lord\u2019s name\nbe praised for it. (Appended: Greeting in Latin by Comenius.) Collection\nof the State Papers of John Thurloe.\n1657, Nov. 4. In Council. The Petition of the pastors of several churches\nof the Reformed religion in Higher Poland and Bohemia, now scattered\nabroad by persecution, asking relief. V. 1657-58, p. 149.\n1658, Mar. 25. Mr. Secretary reports his Highness\u2019s approval of the\ndeclaration for a collection for distressed Protestant churches in Poland,\nwith some additional clauses concerning 20 Protestant families hitherto\nseated in Bohemia. V. 1657-58, p. 343.\n1658, May 12. In Council. The Treasurers for money collected for the\nPiedmontese Protestants to advance \u00a3500 for 20 Bohemian families, and\ndispose it as the Committee for that affair shall direct. V. 1658-59, p.\n1658, June 24. In Council. Whereas on 15 June, for better transmission of\nmoneys collected for the distressed Protestant churches in Poland, and 20\nfamilies in Bohemia, it was agreed between Sam. Hartman and Paul Cyrillus,\nagents for the churches, and Fredericus Krettechmarus (Kretchmar), agent\nfor the families that \u00a3400 should be paid to the families, and \u00a350 to\ntheir agent and the whole remainder to the Poland exiles. V. 1658-59, p.\n[Illustration: Thomas G. Masaryk\nPortrait by Max \u0160vabinsk\u00fd]\n1658, July 6. In Council. The papers of request from Adam Samuel Hartman\nand Paulus Cyrillus, the 2 Bohemian and Polonian agents, for an order to\nissue from the Committee on Piedmont and Poland, for \u00a3100 to be paid them\nfrom the money collected for the Protestants exiled from Poland, to buy 3\nof the Bibles lately printed in the learned languages, etc. V. 1658-59, p.\n1668, Jan. 8. Warrant to the Treasury Commissioners to allow to Edw. Grey\na moiety of such moneys raised for the distressed inhabitants of Piedmont\nand Bohemia, as shall be recivered by him. V. 1667-68, p. 161.\n1669, Apr. 28. Petition of Wenceslaus Libanus[18] to the King, for the\nliving of St. Andrew\u2019s, Walpole, co. Norfolk, value \u00a3100 a year. Was born\nin Moravia, and is a member of the poor persecuted Bohemian churches; has\nbeen tossed up and down the world for 40 years, and afterwards brought\nto England, where having attained a knowledge of the English tongue, he\nput himself in holy orders, and has been a constant preacher in co. Herts\nfor 5 years as a curate. Annexing, Certificate by Dr. John Durel, that\nWenceslaus Libanus, a priest of the Church of England, is a learned and\nsober man, and a very good preacher. V. 1668-69, p. 311.\n  [18] This Libanus is no other than Waclaw Libanus, whom Komensk\u00fd ordained\n  as an acolyte of the Unity at the Synod held at Leszno (Poland) Oct. 14,\n  1638. Libanus lived for some time in exile in Hungary. _Korrespondence\n  Jana Amose Komensk\u00e9ho._ V. 2, pp. 182, 194.\nLetter from Her Majesty, the Queen of Bohemia to the Speaker of this\nHouse, expressing her regret at the present Distractions of this Kingdom;\n19 Car. I. VI. 15b. 17a. Another Letter from the Queen to the Speaker of\nthis House on the subject of Relief. 193b. Thanks to both Houses from\nher. 17 Car. I. VI. 583a. Letter from the Lord General concerning the\nmaking of some Provision for the Queen of Bohemia. 20 Car. I. VI. 583a.\nChaplain to be recommended to her. Resolution for charging \u00a310,000 per\nannum upon the revenue of the Crown, for the maintenance of the Queen;\nagreed to and H. C. acquainted. 22 Car. I. VIII. 280a. Letter of thanks\nfrom the Queen read. Journal of the House of Lords.\n_The Manuscripts of the Marquess Townshend_\n1628, Oct. 22. Gray\u2019s Inn. N. Bacon to his uncle Sir Nathaniel Bacon. For\nBohemia the newes is verrie uncertaine as allsoe for Hungaria.\nThe King of Bohemia is comme back againe to the Hage, being resolved to\nforgoe not a title that he hath allreadie gotten. V. 11, p. 22, app. 4.\n_The Manuscripts of His Grace the Duke of Beaufort, K. G._\nVarious notes, chiefly out of Sir S. D\u2019Ewes collections: ... story that\nthe crown of Bohemia was offered in Queen Elizabeth\u2019s time to Humphrey\nTindal, dean and afterwards bishop of Ely, of whom the writer remarks\nthat, though he bore the arms of Bohemia, \u201chow Bohemian blood came into\nhis veins I know not.\u201d In the margin is a pedigree, in the handwriting\nof Peter Le Neve, showing the connextion of the Tindal family, by their\ndescent from Will Tindal, of Felbrigge who married Ala, the daughter of\nSir Simon Felbrigge, K. G. and Margaret, daughter of the nephew of the\nthen King of Bohemia, who had come into England with her cousin Anne, the\nwife of Richard II. V. 12, p. 156, app. 9.\n_The Manuscripts of Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford_\nA Declaration of the Commons House of Parleamente made the 4th daye of\nJune 1621. (to assist the King of Bohemia) fo. 33. & another of the same,\nOriginal Letter of Rycharde Marlande, to the Lord Cobham Deputie of\nCalais, Dat. from Frankefort 13 daye of Aprill, advertising him that\nSeignor Peter Captain of the Albeneses, offereth to leave the Contede\nBuars, and to save his Majestie with 200 Man well horsed and armed. That\nthe Emperor is departed from Nurenburg where he determined to raise an\nArmy for reinstating his Brother in the Throne of Bohemia, from whence he\nwas driven by his own Subjects; and against the Duke of Saxony & Landgrave\nof Hessen, who are assisted by the French King. V. 1, p. 121.\nThe Entry of the King & Queen of Bohemia into the City of Prague & their\ncoronation there. A. D. 1562. V. 1, p. 171.\nThe Consaile, touching the method to be taken in mentioning certain\nmatters to the Emperor; and requiring ... to keep a watchful eie upon the\nRomans & Maximilian the King of Bohemia. V. 1, p. 335.\nA shorte Note of the Charge committed to John Sheres, sent of late to the\nKing of Romans. To shew the Kings will continue the ancient amity with the\nHouse of Austria, & particularly to the King of the Romans & Maximilian\nKing of Bohemia. V. 1, p. 335.\nNotes of the time when K. Charles I. & his Sister the Queen of Bohemia\nwere born. V. 2, p. 17.\nA lamentable Petition exhibited in the Names of the afflicted Christians\nin the East-parts (viz. of Bohemia, Hungarie, Polonia, & Helvetia) to the\nChristian Kingdomes in the West. V. 2, p. 132.\nA Note of all such Moneys as have bin payd unto me Sir Edward Barrett Kt.\nfor the Affairs of the King of Bohemia. A. D. 1620. V. 2, p. 135.\nOriginal Letter of Mons. de Plessen, to Achatius Bourgrave de Dona\nAmbassador of the King of Bohemia at the Court of England, in French.\nMandate of the Emperor Rudulph. II. against the English Merchant\nAdventurers. Dat. at his Castle of Prag. 5 Aug. anno Imp. 22. Translated\nout of Highe-Dutche, into Englishe by W. Smythe. V. 2, p. 237.\nBrief of Pope Martine V. to the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury; against John\nHuss & Hierome of Prague; after their martyrdome: translated into English.\nThe D. of Buckingham\u2019s Letter to General Cecyll, about assisting the King\nof Bohemia, dated Whitehall 4th May, 1625. V. 3, p. 48.\nNews of the Wars in Bohemia. V. 3, p. 78.\nThe Historie of Bohemia, the first parte describing the Countrye,\nScituation, Climate, Commodities, the Name and Nature of the People and\nCompediovsly continving the Historie from the beginning of the Nation\nto their first Christian Prince about the yeare of Christ 990. In ten\nChapters, with an Appendix containing a Proclamation of the Estates\nof Bohemia, whereby the whole order of the Jesuites is proscribed and\nbanished out of that Kingdome, as publick disturbers of the Peace, and\nenemies of the State; with proviso yt they shall never be admitted again.\nWhereunto is added a breefe Narration, how the Jesuites are or have beene\nby solemne Decree banished out of everye Kingdome and Province in Europe,\nvery few excepted, and where they be they are held in great jealousie and\nsuspition to be publick perturbers of the Peace, and dangerous Enemies of\nthe State. V. 3, p. 111.\n_The Manuscripts of William More Molyneux, Esq._, of Loseley Park, Co.\nSurrey\n1619, Aug. 16. A Proposition made by the Estates of Bohemia in thire\nassembly at Prague vpon the election of a Kinge, the 16th of August 1619,\nbeing the birth-day of ye Prince Elector Palatine. Rep. 7, part 1, p. 673.\n_The Manuscripts of Trinity College, Dublin_\nThe King of Bohemia, anciently in right of that Kingdome, Butler to the\nRoman Empire, as the heyre male of this family (House of Ormonde?) is by\nhereditary right Butler of Ireland. Rep. 8, part 1, p. 588.\n_The Manuscripts of the Earl of Ashburnham_\nPassages and occurrences relating to the Crown of Bohemia and the\nPalatinate. A folio of 80 pages, in writing of the reign of James I. Rep.\n_The Manuscripts of the Right Honourable the Earl De La Warr_ (_Baron\nBuckhurst_) at Knole Park, Co. Kent.\n1621, Nov. 2. Abstracts of such moneys as have been issued for the\naffaires of the Palatinate, as well to the Ambassadors as otherwise, out\nof the Receipts of His Majesty\u2019s Exchequer. Viscount Doncaster, Ambassador\nto Bohemia, etc. \u00a328,745. Rep. 4, part 1, p. 281.\n1626, June 16. Stepney. Sir Ralph Hopton to the Earl of Middlesex. The ill\nsuccess at home frustrates our successes abroad; for the Bohemian agent\nshowed him yesterday letters whereby he is confidently assured that the\nRevolt in Upper Austria is much strengthened, so as they can march 70,000\nmen; they have defeated their Governor and do now beseige Lints. (2\u00bd pp.)\n_The Manuscripts of the Corporation of Sandwich_\nLetter from Edward, Lord Zouch, to the Mayor and Jurats, Commonalty and\ninhabitants, of Sandwich, requiring a subscription for the King and Queen\nof Bohemia; date 1620. Rep. 5, part 1, p. 570.\n_The Manuscripts of the Corporation of Totnes_\nA letter to the Mayor and burgesses of Totnes, dated the 9th of January,\n1612, and signed \u201cW. Exon\u201d (William Cotton, Bishop of Exeter). It is the\ndesire of his Majesty and the Archbishop of Canterbury that collections\nbe made throughout the Kingdom for the Reformed Churches, and the College,\nin the City of Prague, Bohemia. Rep. 3, p. 349.\n_The Manuscripts in the Library of the University of Edinburgh_\nProtest by the nobles of Bohemia and Moravia, addressed to the Council\nof Constance, on 2nd of September, 1415, in reference to the burning of\nJohn Huss and Jerome of Prague. The document is written on a sheet of\nparchment, authenticated by 100 signatures and as many seals. It was\nbequeathed to the University in 1657, by Dr. William Guild, sometime\nprincipal of King\u2019s College, Aberdeen, an office from which he was deposed\nby five colonels of General Monk\u2019s army in 1651, but it is uncertain how\nit was acquired by Dr. Guild. Statement by John Stuart. Rep. 1, p. 121.\n_The Manuscripts of the Right Honourable Lord Calthorpe_, Grosvenor\nSquare, London\nA discourse concerning the Palsgrave\u2019s accepting the crown of Bohemia.\n_The Manuscripts of the Most Honourable the Marquis of Westminster_, at\nEaton Hall, Co. Chester\nA true description of the late deceased Prince of Bohemia, taken 1629 (11\npages), by an attendant. Rep. 3, p. 215.\n_The Manuscripts of the Most Hon. Marquis of Salisbury_, at Hatfield House\n1554, Apr. 27. Letter from Queen of Bohemia to the Queen, Rep. 4, p. 204.\n1554, Apr. 27. Letter from King of Bohemia to the Queen, Rep. 4, p. 204.\nManufacture of saltpetre by Lazarus Erkerne, chief master of the Emperor\u2019s\nmines in Bohemia.\nThe Arms of the King of Bohemia, viz. a red lion (?) with 2 tails in a red\nfield. Rep. 3, p. 188.\nStates of Bohemia to the Elector of Saxony. Rep. 3, p. 214.\n1619, Sept. 7. Bohemian States to Queen of Bohemia. Rep. 3, p. 179.\n1620, May 31. Baron Dona (Bohem. Amb.) to Salisbury. Rep. 3, p. 179.\n_The Manuscripts of the Earl of Ancaster_, preserved at Grimsthorpe\nNEWSLETTERS\n1620, Oct. 21. The Hague. The new King of Hungary was in the field with\n70,000 men. He had sent 20,000 men into Stiria (where they sacked and\nburned divers places and ordered the States to join the Confederation),\nand another 20,000 into Bohemia and Moravia. He himself was going with\n30,000 into Austria, having left strong garrisons in Hungary. V.-, p. 395.\nOn the 28th ult. the King (Frederick) left Prague accompanied by the\nBohemian nobles, with two companies of guards and a thousand Silesian\nhorse, to go with the new King of Hungary into Moravia. The army of the\nEmperor had again entered Bohemia, and beseiged Wittinga, but the Bohemian\narmy, having heard of Bucquoy\u2019s designs from the prisoners, followed them\nand forced them to retire. P. 395.\n1620, Nov. 4. The Hague. From Prague, news comes that the soldiers of\nBavaria have surprised Brachaditz, killing 1120 persons, including women\nand little children, and sacking the town, in addition to what Bucquoy had\nkilled at Pisseck and Budian. V.-, p. 396.\n_The Manuscripts of his Grace the Duke of Portland, K. G._, preserved at\nWelbeck Abbey\n1648. John Sictor, a Bohemian exile, to the House of Commons. Petition,\nstating that it was nearly two years since he had presented to them 250\ncopies of Chronometrae (a specimen of which is probably among Lord Braye\u2019s\npapers) and other poems on the events of the Civil War, and entreating\na grant to enable him to return to Prague, which had been--as was\nreported--occupied by the Swedish army. In Latin, v. I, p. 507.\n1704-08. Baron Postheld, of Ollersfeld, being a native Bohemian and\na Protestant, and as such unable to enjoy his estate there, fled to\nDenmark and took shipping for England aboard the Sorlings (Captain Cony,\ncommander), with letters of recommendation from the Danish King to Prince\nGeorge. But the ship was taken by the French squadron under Monsieur St.\nPaul. Afterwards he was sent to Holland with a French pass and the French\nKing\u2019s allowance for a prisoner (which was six livres only), whence he\ncame to England and delivered his letter to Prince George, who relieved\nhis necessities and recommended him to the King of Prussia, where, meeting\nwith the like ill fate, he returned to England, in hopes to be employed\nin the forces ordered on the descent, but they being gone he prays to be\nemployed in some of the regiments which are designed to follow the said\ndescent. V. 8, p. 364.\n(Perhaps by \u201cthe descent\u201d is meant the despatch of troops with and\nfollowing Lord Galway, in the summer of 1704.)\n_The Manuscripts of the Duke of Hamilton_\n1630, Novemb. David Ramsay in Hague to Marquis of Hamilton. I am in a\nvery good houp boeth from the King of Boheme and the esteatis to procur\nsum assistance for the advancement of your lordships affairs. ... My\ngreatest deficulties with the King of Boheme and the esteatis is that they\ncannot believe that the King of Ingland intendis aneything realie for the\nadvancement of your busines, the wich your lordship must remowe boeth by\nhis letteris and your awine. V. 11, p. 70, app. 6.\n[Illustration: The Bohemian Voice\nForerunner of English language publications for the Bohemians]\n  [Transcriber\u2019s Note: Transcription of this illustration appears after\nThe Marquis of Hamilton to King Charles the First. I woold say sumnhatt of\nthe King of Boyem boot I knoe nott whatt more then thatt he lives heir as\nane priuatt wolantir. He is contented with this way of lyf bot I knoe not\nanother thatt is much in loufe with itt or ambitious long to karie thatt\nname. For my oune part I feir my accommodatioun will be so euill during\nthe tyme thatt I ame of thatt number as I shall be constraned to remain\nin sume toune till I be meaid happi by your Majesties commands, the treu\nperformens of uhich shall euer be the chiffer kair of him who is borene\nand obliged in the heayest degrie to dey your Majesties most humbill\nthankfull obediantt saruant and loyall subieck, Auxburg, May, 1632. V. 11,\nLetters from various officers who served with Thirty Years\u2019 War. Banier is\npreparing to go into Bohemia, and an endeavour will be made to carry the\nwar into the Emperors possessions. The death of Wallenstein is reported,\nbut the writer is not yet assured of it.... V. 11, p. 84, app. 6.\nTo the Marquis of Hamilton from \u201cRobert Weir\u201d (perhaps of the family of\nStonebyres) giving an account of the movements of the army in Silesia.\nTo Aus(cha) fra thence to Littmirittz (Litom\u011b\u0159ice) quhair Don Baltassar\nwas lying with 8000 horses and fut; bot as son as thai saw that was war\nfully resolved not to sport with them thai past the watter (Elbe) and\nburnt the bridg not being abone 20 killed to thaim so we played on thaim\nwith canon bot thai marched Prag, quhair the next morning we marched\nfor Rautnitz bot thai deffended the pass that we passed 2 myll higher\nto Melnick quhair we gott 3 prams and so passed our infantrie and small\npices in a littill Iland quhair we could waid to the vther mainland and so\npassed.\nFour regements of horss wes past, and than past our muskettiers which\nwaidit, not being above the belt and then past our collers and the rest\nof our horss and lay wil the Duc of Saxon cam with his army which he past\nlykwayis in twa dayis and marched for Prag quhair the nixt morning about\n8 of the clok we aryved at Marie de la Victorie quhair the enemi had som\ngroves of horss standing bot thai stayed not long but were beattin in\nto a schance and trenchis that thai had maid on the end of the whyt berg\namongst the wynzeards nixt to the town wher we marched hard to them, quher\nwe sustained som loss with their canon both amongst our horss and fut.\nTher wes once a resollutionn takin to storme thair trenchis bot it semes\nthe Duc of Saxxon wes not willing for it wald have trubilled vs; thai were\nto the number of 15000 men as thai report, Collredo and Don Baltasser. We\ncontinewed 3 dayis wher ther wes grit hunger, for ther wes nether bred nor\nforrage, nether is 4 myll fra Prag, for the diversiown that wes in winter\nhes spoylled all about Prag, that for falt of victuall we war forcit to\ndraw back to Melneck quhair the Duc of Saxxon past the watter and we\nmarched down the watter to Littmirritz and intrenched our self against\nLittmirritz and maid som 8 redouts quhair we could draw our battell up\nbehind them, quhair we haue lyne this fyne weikes. Signed \u201cRobert Weir\u201d\nLittmirritz 28 August 1634.\nAnother letter, also from Litom\u011b\u0159ice from \u201cDavid Drummond,\u201d probably Sir\nDavid Drummond narrates in a more summary manner the events referred to in\nthe previous letter. V. 11, p. 90, app. 6.\n_The Manuscripts of the Marqess of Ormonde_, preserved at Kilkenny Castle\nA Brief Account of the Conspiracy to place the Duke of York on the Throne.\nThe general design of these confederates is to reform, that is in their\nsense, to reduce by the sword all other ways being found ineffectual all\npeople of his Majestys dominions to the Romish religion and obedience,\nwithout giving any tolerance at all, as they (Jesuits) have practiced in\nBohemia and other hereditary countries of the Emperor with desired success\nto their enrichment. The collection contains a valuable portrait of the\nQueen of Bohemia. V. 4, p. 182.\n_The Manuscripts of the Earl of Denbigh_, preserved at Newnham Paddox,\nLutterworth\n1636, May 19. Hague. Sir William Boswell to Lord Fielding. An Ambassador\nfrom the King of Poland (who was two years since in England or Scotland\nwith his Majesty Zavaisky) came lately hither and had audience of the\nQueen of Bohemia. His business is about the Princesse her daughter, which\nis to be treated as occasion shall require in England. V.-, p. 28, part 5.\n1636, Dec. 2. Ratisbon. John Taylor to Lord Fielding. Bohemia and Silesia\nfear that Wrangle, a brave commander of the Swedes, will fall into their\ncountries, he having already defeated some Saxon regiments, which he\npursued into Silesia. V.-, p. 42, part 5.\n_The Franciscan Manuscripts at the Convent_, Merchants Quay, Dublin\n1642, May 17. Brussels. Hugh Bourke (Commissary of the Irish Friars Minors\nin Germany and Belgium) to Luke Wadding, Guardian of St. Isidores, Rome. I\nam Killing myself with travel and travail, and yet cannot accomplish any\ngood result for lack of means; wherefore I am minded to leave all and\nwithdraw to Bohemia for I can do no more.... V.-, p. 140.\n_The Manuscripts of the Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry, K. G, K. F._,\npreserved at Montague House, Whitehall.\n1610, Feb. 26. Dusseldorp. Jo. Dickenson to Winwood. Touching affairs and\ndisputes in Germany, Bohemia and the Netherlands. V. 1, p. 98.\n1611, March 20. Dusseldorp. Same to same. Affairs in Bohemia, Alsace, the\nPalatinate, Juliers, Germany, Brussels, etc. V. 1, p. 98.\n1613, Dec. 29. Mons. J. Luntius to Winwood. Affairs of Germany, the Turks,\nTransylvania, Hungary, Bohemia. V. 1, p. 148.\n1614, Mar. 29. Mons. Dathenes to Winwood. Refers to the affairs of France,\nSpain, Transylvania, the Bohemians, Austrians, Hungarians, Germany and the\nSwiss Cantons. V. 1, p. 157.\n1617, Apr. 10. Cologne. Mons. Bilderbeck to Winwood. Affairs of Italy,\nFrance, Germany, Bohemia, Hungary, Poland, Spain. V. 1, p. 195.\n1620, Dec. 13. Spittle. Sir Charles Montagu to Sir Edward Montagu. To\nbegin with the worst first, there is news come now of more certain truth\nthan heretofore from Bohemya, which is that the King\u2019s army hath had a\ngreat overthrow, and Prage is lost, but the King and Queen are at a strong\nplace called Presslaw in Selecya, and the King of Hungary and he have met\nand they both intend to raise a far greater force to set on them suddenly;\nGod give them better success. V. 1, p. 255.\n_The Manuscripts of the Earl of Mar and Kellie_, preserved at Alloa House,\nN. B.\n1621, Feb. 18th. London. The Archbishop of St. Andrews to John, Lord\nErskine: In Bohemia they ar making to the feildis. Count Mansfeild layis\nin Bohem with ane army of ten thowsand. The King is yit in Silesia with\nanother. It wold appear that His Majesty expectis good and honest dealing\nat the Spanishe hand, quharin I bessech God he be not deceavit. V.-, p. 94.\n1626, Mar. Intelligence from Germany. The Bohemians have got a great\ndefait. Count of Manflet, thair generall, being courting his mistres\nin Pragg, and his armie upon the fieldis with his Serjant-Major, Count\nBucquoy set upon them on a sudden, Kild 300 men and defait the rest. V.-,\n_The Manuscripts of J. B. Fortescue, Esq._, preserved at Dropmore\n1788, Aug. 4. The Marquis of Buckingham to W. W. Grenville, in London. I\nhave seen a great deal of a very intelligent Irish Bohemian Count Taafe,\nwho is come to collect part of Butler\u2019s property at Ballyragett, to which\nhe is heir, and his language is that of the most sovereign contempt for\nthe Imperial Joseph and his army.... His accounts of the disaffection of\nHungary and Bohemia are very interesting.... V. 1, p. 349.\n_The Manuscripts of Lord Montagu of Beaulieu_\n1620, Sept. A Letter worthy the overlooking from a gentleman in Vienna\nattending on Sir Henry Wotton, Lord Ambassador to the Emperor and sent to\nhis brother-in-law in London. Newsletter from Vienna:\n\u201cNow to return to the King of Bohemia. He hath likewise several armies in\nthe field, several friends ans several generals. The first is the Prince\nof Anhalte, the second the Earl of Mansfield, the third the Earl of Tourne\n(Thurn); who have under them fifty thousand men in several quarters,\nwhereby they have so well demanded themselves, and wherewith so well\nwithstood their enemies, that the Emperor hath no cause to boast of his\nsummers work, for his forces hitherto have done nothing but received loss,\nand it is very likely that if the Transilvanian Prince do join once with\nthe King of Bohemia, they will surely put the Emperor to a sore plunge,\nfor story doth not acquaint us with such a formidable division again, and\nI believe it is a secret locked up in the treasury of heaven to know or\ndiscover what will be the issue of these terros and threatenings of all\n_The Manuscripts of the Earl Cowper_, preserved at Melbourne Hall,\nDerbyshire\n1624, Oct. 1. John Coke to the Lord Brooke. Out of Germany a bruit\nflieth which I hope is not true that Tilly hath either taken or besieged\nBasle and that the Emperor hasteneth the Diet for a ratification of the\nElectorate and a final exclusion of the person of the King of Bohemia. V.\n1633, May 16. Copy of accounts passed by Sir J. Coke, of Sir Robert\nAnstruther, Ambassador Extraordinary in Germany, etc. Allowance for blacks\nfor him and his family to condole the deaths of the Kings of Sweden and\n1641, July 12. London. Ed. Sidenham to Sir John Coke. From Bohemia they\nwrite the 22nd of June 1641 that the 19th there was a battle fought\nbetwixt the Swedes and the Imperialists, wherein the Imperialists lost\nfour or five thousand and the Swedes 500 men. This was fought at Walstadt\nin Bohemia. V. 12, p. 287, app. 3.\n_The Manuscripts of George Wingfield Digby, Esq._, of Sherborne Castle,\nCo. Dorset\n1611, July 10. Bruxcelles. W. Trumbull to Sir Digbye. The Emperor and\nhis brother Mathias are now in treaty for a reconciliation; but what\nappearance is there of an agreement, when ye younger will have all, and\nleave the other nothing. Eight arbitrators are chosen to accomodate their\nquarrells whereof De Balthazar de Cunega, is ye Firste on ye Emperour\u2019s\nparte, although in ye deposing of him from ye crowne of Bohemia, hee did\nwholly runne course with K. Mathias. V. 10, p. 523, app. 1.\n1611, Aug. 10. Venice. Sir Dudley Carleton to Sir J. Digbye. The new King\nof Bohemia hathe lately written his letters to this State and changed his\nlanguage from Latin (wherein he was ever wont to write) into Highe-Duche.\nFeb. 8. Venice. Sir D. Carleton to Sir J. Digbye. This State apprehending\nye King of Hungarie as a Knowen ill-willer of theirs, runne on in\nprojecting his certaine election, and, ut est timor ingeniousus interpres,\nthei frome out of general prognostiques a conclusion unto themselves wh\nthei most feare. His being allready possessed of Hungarie & Bohemia, thei\ndoubte will drawe on by a necessary consequence the thirde Crowne.... V.\n1617, July 29. Sir Ralph Winwood, Secretary of State, to the Earl of\nBuckingham.... I have thought yt necessary to acquaynt your Lordship with\nan advertissment I lately receaved ... from hys Agent Mr. Cottington, at\nMadrid that ... of a propownded marriage between the sonne of Ferdinando\nof Gratz lately elected Kyng of Bohemia and the Infanta Donna Maria\ndaughter of the King of Spayne. V. 10, p. 102.\n1617, Aug. 15. The same to the same. May yt please your Lordship. The\nresident of Venice lately hath been with me advertising that from that Duc\nhe had charge to declare to Hys Majesty thease three poynts.\nThat the treaty between the new Kyng of Bohemia and that Commonwealthe was\nresumed and upon the poynt to be concluded, etc. V. 10, p. 103.\n_The Manuscripts of the Earl of Westmorland_, at Apethorpe,\nNorthamptonshire\n1619, Sept. 24. Heidelberg. The Elector Palatine to Sir E. Herbert.\nBohemia has become the scene of the most bloody and horrible tragedies\nthat have ever been heard of among Christians. The Roman Catholic Princes\nand Electors have collected a great number of soldiers. Foreigners, mostly\nin the pay of Spain, have been allowed to pass through the Empire into\nBohemia contrary to Imperial Constitutions. The Princes and States united\nwith me have armed in self-defence, considering the trouble that might\narise after the disbandement of the troops in Bohemia.... You will have\nheard that the States of Bohemia have unanimously elected me, although I\nhad not in any way inspired to that crown. V. 10, p. 381.\n1619, Dec. 24. The Hague. Viscount Doncaster to Sir E. Herbert ...\nFerdinand would give me no answer because the Spanish Ambassador, Count\nd\u2019Ogniate, was not there.... Finding no disposition to peace in either\npart, I pretended the necessity of making a journey to the Spa for my\nhealth. Here I received the news that the Prince Palatine was chosen King\nof Bohemia. I was afterwards told to return to Frankfort to congratulate\nthe Emperor on his election, and to protest that our King had neither hand\nnor Knowledge of this action of the Bohemians.... V.-, p.\n1621, Oct. 6. Copy of a letter written by a dutiful servant \u201cNobody\u201d sent\nfrom Bruxelles to his worthy master \u201cNemo.\u201d On Bohemian affairs, & Lord\nDigby\u2019s embassy to the Emperor. V. 10, p. 20, app. 4.\nThe Lord Digbie\u2019s propositions to his Cesarean Matie, for the restoration\nof the Count Palatine & on Bohemian affairs. V. 10, p. 22, app. 4.\n1621, Nov. 12. The King\u2019s letter to the Emperour as to the Count Palatine\n& on Bohemia affairs. V. 10, p. 22, app. 4.\n1622, June 2. A copy of a letter sent from Mannheim on Bohemian affairs.\n_The Manuscripts of the Family of Gawdy_, formerly of Norfolk\n1631, Nov. 8. Sir Edmond Moundeford to Framlingham Gawdy. The King of\nSweden is stept to the side of the Upper Palatinate; the King of Bohemia\nis going to him. 24,000 men by our King and the States are parlied of for\n1661-2, Feb. 13. T(homas) L(any) to Anne de Grey. The Queen of Bohemia\ndied last night. V. 10, p. 195.\n_The Manuscripts of Hon. Frederick Lindley Wood_\n1639, Aug. 27. London. Philip Burlamachi to Sir Arthur Ingram. The Swedes\narmees are in Bohemia keeping the Imperialist within Prague perplexed with\nplague and famine; there may everi day some notable incontre follow; a\nniew suply is come to the Swedes from Sweden and Liffland which gives them\ncourage to march towards Slesia. V. 8, p. 52.\n_The Lansdowne Manuscripts_ in the British Museum.\nTrickings of the arms of the Emperors, Kings and nobility of Germany,\nHungary, Bohemia, etc. fo. 34.\nA relation of the defeat of the King of Bohemia\u2019s army and of the\nsubsequent misfortunes of himself and his Queen. fo. 80.\n[Illustration: The Bohemian Review]\n  [Transcriber\u2019s Note: Transcription of this illustration appears after\nAd Serenissimam Regiam Majestatem Magn\u00e6 Britanni\u00e6 Joh. Amos Comenius.\nSupplex vox Afflictorum pro Christo ex Bohemia, Moravia, Polonia, et\nHungaria. fo. 190b.\nA proposition made by the Estates of Bohemia, in theire Assembly at\nPrague, upon the election of a Kinge, the 16th of August 1619, being the\nbirthday of the Prince Elector Pallatine. fo. 198.\nChronograms respecting the King of Bohemia, fo. 202.\nCopy of the King of Bohemia\u2019s answer to a letter of King James I.,\nthanking him for the education of his eldest son at his Court, etc. Hague,\n_The Manuscripts of Sir Hervey Juckes Lloyd Bruce_, preserved at Clifton\nHall, Nottingham\n1619. A Proposition made by the States of Bohemia in theyr Assembly at\nPrague uppon the Election of a Kinge the 16th of August, beinge the\nbirthday of the Prince Elector Palatine. Albeit the nomination of a Kinge\nof Bohemia requires a mature councell and deliberacion, which ought to\nprecede the nomination, it is an affayre notwithstandinge of the lesse\ndifficultye then the iejectinge (sic) of a king which gave a beginninge\nto this and stands in neede both of a good justification and of a great\npower, where (as) the nomination hath of those aydes but follows of\nitselfe after the rejection.\nNow therefore, since the iejection (sic) as the things importinge us is\nalready done, the nomination wilbe much the more easily provided that in\nthe choyse we stand not presisely upon such a perfection as the world\ncannot yeild us. It behoves us also to set apart all perticuler passions\nand to have regard only to those reasons that are fundamentall, for\nthere are requisite points so necessary to be considered in the election\nof a Kinge that (it) is not for a good patriot to give his councell for\nreceivinge of one in whome those points required is not found, but one may\nwith very good assurance conclude for him in whome they doe dayly more\nmeete than in any other man.\nAs in the first place in such a subject it is necessary that there be none\nof those thinges to be feard; for if Kinge Ferdinand was rejected, that\nis to say, he ought not eyther to prosecute or advance in the respect\nof religion nor exceede in the dependance of his owne counsaylors or\nof strangers, but to joine himselfe with the States he ought not to be\nopiniative nor given to doe thinges of his owne head, but to accomadate\nthe customes of his house and his to the ordinances and liberties of thys\ncrowne.\nIn the second place it is required that he affect the States\u2019 reputation.\nThirdly, that in time both of peace and warr he governe his Kingdome by\nhis owne presence worthyly and profitably.\nFourthly, that confederates receive no cause of feare from eyther of\ndanger or damage. Since then there are few that are inferred into the\ntreaty of eleccion, that is to say, the Kinge of Denmarke, the Elector\nPalatine, the Elector of Saxoni, the Duke of Savoy, and the Prince of\nTransilvania, yt will therefore be to purpose to consider that, although\nevery one of these princes in his owne perticuler deserveth prayse and\ncommendation, neverthelesse there is amongst them a certaine diversity\nwhich everyone by himselfe may prudently waigh. And forasmuch as it is\nnot permitted us to judge liberally of great princes in this place, it\nshall suffice without offence of any breifely to deduce the reasons for\nwhich the Elector Palatine ought to be esteemed very capable of the crowne\nof Bohemia, and fitt to mainteyne the present estate of the kingdome,\nfor although his highnesse be not above 23 yeeres of age, he is a prince\nof great judgement bred up from his cradle in goodnesse and vertue, one\nthat hath persons of quality about him as well of the feild as for the\nstate who are used to curteisy, and himselfe of very plentifull hopes, and\nbesides at this age he will better accomodate himselfe to the customes of\nthe kingdome then if he were more increased in yeares; and God bestows not\nwisdome alwayes according to the age of a man, but to him that calls to\nGod for it in His feare.\nHe is a prince moderate, virtuos and resolute in his actions, quick and\nsharpe in his discourse, true, courteous towards all men, very well\nlanguaged, holds a very fayre court of earls, barrons and gentlemen,\nloves and cherishes the nobility, imployes in his service even men of\nmeane condition when he finds meritt in them for it. He letts no worthy\nservice passe him without his acknowledgement, he governs his subjects\nand country (in part the frontives of this kingdome) with prudence, gives\nestimation to men of honor, holds a well ordered councell, frequents the\ncouncell table in his owne person, takes an exact heed of the opinions\nand propositions of his councellors, gives good cause of havinge his\njudgement approv\u2019d and commended of thinges of importance, inclines his\nunderstandinge willingely to other mens information, loves the common good\nand therein takes paines with zeale and without feare, beares compassion\nto the afflicted, shewes himselfe laborious and resolved, is beloved\nof his subjects, beares himselfe peaceably with his neighbors of what\nreligion soever they be, and winnes respect of those different beliefs for\nhis owne religion. He is well affected, yet those who are of another fayth\nin his countries doe not find themselves disquieted in their consciences\nnor in their exercise of their religion, so as every man may live freely\nunder him, videlicet, his conversation be honest and vertous. There is\nnone can abuse or accuse him of precipitation or opinatives (sic), a thing\nworthy remarkeable (sic).\nHe is in correspondence with those of the house of Palatine and Bavoirs\nand, notwithstandinge so, that cause forsakes nothinge of those rightes\nnor of the duties belonginge to the generall estate of the country, and\nhowsoever that this prince be but younge and shewes himselfe courteous\nand sweet towards his people, for all that there is no lightnesse,\ndissollutions (sic) nor voluptuousnesse seene in him nor any disorder\nnor excesse in his diett nor any avarice and digality (sic) or any other\nthinge whatsoever unbecominge or contrary to the reputation of a prince.\nFor the assistance the crowne of Bohemia may expect from him, it may be\nunderstoode of any man that not only he is not in debt, and that of his\nrevenue he can lay some things upp, but that also the Kinge of Great\nBrittaine is his father-in-law, the Kinge of Denmark is his neere kinsman,\nand likewise the Elector of Brandenbourh, the Prince of Orenge his uncle,\nthe Duke of Bullion his ally, the States of the United Provinces his\nconfederates, and ancient alliances with France, the Kinge of Sweden and\nthe Hanse Townes his friends, and for his correspondents the Duke of\nSavoi, Venice and Switzerland. He is a good credit with all the Princes\nElectors and other princes and Estates of the Empire, more perticulerly\nwith those of the Union he hath confederacies, the Prince of Transsilvania\nand High Hungary doe beare affection to him, Saxonie and Bavoir are in\ngood termes with him, Mentz and the neighbouring countries looke uppon him\nwith honor and respect, insomuch as the crowne of Bohemia by this only\nmeanes may procure the amity of all those which we doe now labour for\nwith so much paine and travell, and by the same meanes may be conserved\nand fortified against our enimies, which cannot of any other nominated in\nthe election be eyther expected or hoped for. And since it is a certainty\nthat this prince would not accept of the election for Ambition sake, but\nonly for the common good, we may therefore promise ourselves that he will\nalwayes continue in the good affection he hath already shewed to this\ncrowne by the profitable counsell and assistances which as well as his\nowne person as other wayes according to the occasions he hath made to\nappeare, where (as) there are some others that for for theyr perticuler\nconservations have greatly prejudiced not only the estates of the kingdome\nof Bohemia but the countries also and provinces confederats.\nThirdly, the sayd confederated provinces are to consider whoe are already\nin good understandinge with this prince, that they cannot have the like\nconfidence in others who are to much tyed in the respect of the house of\nAustria to succour the sayd provinces in theyr neede, and in such a case\nthe confederations would bring them prejudice rather than benefitt, a\npoint of great waight touchinge this crowne as may be seene by experience.\nSince then that all these qualities required doe meete in the person\nof the Prince Elector, and that in those of the others treated in the\nelection (the Prince of Transilvania excepted, who hath his eye upon\nanother marke) there are many imperfections to be found, as may easily\nbe shewed, it is therefore a matter to no purpose longer to defer the\nelection, and so much the rather because the crowne of Bohemia with the\ncountries confederate will now after the rejection be more disquieted\nthan ever; and remayning without a head we shall find none whoe will duly\nundertake our protection or defence. V. 7, p. 269.\n1619. The joyfull receivinge, triumphant entronce and stately formall\ncoronation of Fredericke, the Prince Elector Palatine, and the Lady\nElizabeth, Princesse Electoresse, King and Queen of Bohemia, on Munday and\nThursday the 25th and 28th day of October ould stile, 1619.\nIt is knowne unto all men for what weightie reasons the States of the\nkingdome of Bohemia and of the incorporated countries have with one joynte\nconsent excluded Kinge Ferdinand from the kingedome, and have in his\nplace, with an especially mutuall agreement, chosen and named for theire\nkinge the right highe and mightie Prince Fredricke by the grace of God\nErle Palatine of the Rhyne, Duke of both the Bavaries, Prince Elector\nand Vicar of the Romane Empire, whome after a lawfull callinge they have\ncrowned on the 4th and 7th dayes of November, newe stile, that is, the\n25th and 28th of October, ould stile, 1619.\nUppon the 21-31 of October, 1619, afternoone, came his Majestie with\nthe Queene his wife, the younger prince theire eldest sonne, his Lord\nbrother Duke Lodowicke, the Duke of Wertemberge, the 2 Princes of Anhalt,\ntogether with his whole retinue, consistinge of five companies of curast\nhorsemen, 500 harquebus horsemen, and 3 auncients of footemen of 300 a\npeece, with many coatches and a very greate number of wagons laden with\nthe carriages towards Prague, and beinge come within 2 or 3 Englishe miles\nthere of into a faire pleasant place be a parke called the Starre, where\nthe Lords, the States of the kingdome of Bohemia and of the incorporated\ncountryes of Moravia, Silesia and both of Lusati\u00e6s, with the magistrates\nand chiefe men of the 3 citties of Prague, attended his Majesties cominge,\naccompanied with about a 1000 horse, very statelie and well appointed;\nthere the(y) alighted and received him out of his coatche with greate\nstate, honor and reverence, unto whome the Baron of Tallenberge, Lord\nGreate Chamberlaine, made a speech in the Bohemian tongue, which the\nBarron of Ruppa interpreted in Dutche; his Majestie gave thereunto so good\nan answere as that the States much rejoyced thereat, which done, they came\none after another, kneeled downe and kissed his Majesties hand. In like\nrespect every way was the Queene received, save that they kneeled not unto\nher.\nThen his Majestie mounted on horsebacke, but yett stayed a whyle, till the\nlords and gentry were also mounted and that theire Coronell Kinski had\norderly marshall\u2019d them, whose discipline his Majestie well liked. Then\nthe(y) marched on conductinge his Majestie towerds Prague; when he came\ninto the cittie, the citizens of the 3 citties of Prague stoode in armes,\nvery bravely appointed, as well on horsebacke as on foote on both sides of\nthe street and open places, makeinge a lane or courte or guarde frome the\nentringe in of the cittie unto the castle; theire Majesties rid alonge,\nand that in this manner.\nThey of the little cittie were one cornett of horse with 6 trumpetts\nand one kettledrumme, they of the newe cittie one cornett of horse with\n6 trumpetts and one kettledrumme, they of the ould cittie one cornett of\nhorse with 6 trumpetts and one kettledrumme, as also another companie of\n200 horse voluntary well-willers, and 7 companies of foote, all citizens,\nexceedingly well mounted and furnished.\nAnd when his Majestie came nere unto the newe forte and bullwarke before\nthe castle, whereon stood a companie on foote with a displayed ancient,\nthere were standinge 400 boures or husband and laboringe countrymen\nrepresentinge the communalty and 4th state or parte of the land, all\narmed accordinge to the ould and auncient custome and manner of their\ncountry, videlicet, they had an ould weatherbeaten ancient wherein was\npainted the name Ziseha (sic),[19] theire auncient captaine or generall\nand deliverer, with a challice, and the hoste or signe of a wafer, eache\ntheire armes of the ould fashion, a hevy brestplate, a massie headepeece\nto assault and scale with all, wooden clubes set with iron spikes, iron\nflayles of threshalle, crosbowes, great iron sheildes, with 2-handed\nswords, and stood in battaile array as Lizeha (sic) had in his time\nappointed them. When his Majestie came unto them he stayed a while and was\nby theire captaine entertained and welcommed with a Lattine ovation, who\ndid greatlie congratulate his Majesties comeinge, and havinge concluded,\nthe multitude began to cry out, Vivat, vivat Rex Fredericus! and so ran\ntogether to route on a heape one amongst another, makinge such a greate\nnoyse with theire armes as that his Majestie tooke greate pleasure thereat\nand could not forbeare laughter. Before his Majestie there marched 400\nhorsemen under theire Coronell Kinsby (sic), representinge the knightehood\nand gentry of the land, who had 8 silver trumpetts and 4 other trumpetts\nwith 8 cettledrummes; theire cornett was of blew damaske whereon were the\nPrince Elector Palatine\u2019s armes richly imbrodered; the Lords Derectors\nand States of the land followed after bravelie mounted; after them rid\nthe Duke of Mansterberge (sic) of Silesia, haveinge on his right hand the\nDuke of Wertemberge and on the left hand the younge Prince of Anhalt.\nThen rid his Majestie\u2019s Lord brother Lodowicke with ould Prince Dhinstion\n(Christian) of Anhalt, after whome imediatelie followed his kinglie\nMajestie on a blacke greate horse covered with a blacke footeclothe\nall over imbrodered with silver. Then followed the Queene ridinge in a\nexceeding rich coatch, like the whereof had never beene seene afore in\nPrague, and by her sate the younge Prince her sonne; after her Majestie\ncame 2 other coatches wherein were the wives and daughters of divers\nprinces and earles, after which followed sundry other coatches with many\ngentlewoemen, maides of honor and others, and after these came lastly the\nPrince Electors owne coronell and harquebus horsemen and footemen in good\norder, the horsemen well mounted, all statelie deckt with brave attire,\nfaire liveries and gallant scarfes of blewe, the King\u2019s colours.\n  [19] John \u017di\u017eka, the Hussite.\nThis ridinge through the cittie lasted 3 houres longe, and was beheld of\nmany thousands of people to theire greate admiracion; his Majestie tooke\ntherein greate pleasure and did oftentimes put off his hatt, and with a\nchearefull countenance bowe himselfe towerds the people, as did also the\nQueene both chearefully and with greate majestie. When they were come\nwithin the castle court there the(y) sawe a man sittinge above uppon the\nchurche with an auncient in his hand and waveing it over his heade, and\nthen another man sittinge uppon the rounde ball on the steeple toppe, who\nplayed a longe time uppon a kettledrumme.\nIn the castle court theire Majesties alighted nere unto the longe hall\nand went towerds the greene chamber, where there stoode a great number\nof Bohemian laydes and gentlewoemen of good rancke richly attired, who\nreceived her Majestie with greate reverence, and so attended on her into\nher lodgings. All things were accomplished with such state, honor, and\ngood successe as the like was never yett done unto any Romane Emperor; all\nwhich shall shortlie be cutt in brasse, and made publicke unto the viewe\nof the worlde.\nHere followeth the King\u2019s coronacion.\nAll the highe officers of the kingdome as of nobilitie the Lord Chiefe\nBurgrave Lord Bhonstowe, Barron of Bercha, the Lord Highe Steward of\nthe Lands, Lord Wilham Lobkowth or Belkowth Barron, Lord de (sic) High\nChamberlaine Lord John Barron of Tallonberge, the Lord Chiefe Justice\nof the land, Lord Wentzeslawe, William Barron of Ruppa, the Lord Highe\nChancellour Lord Paul Barron of Ritschan, the Lord Chiefe Justice of the\nFeodaries, Lord Peter Barron of Schambergke, the Lord Chiefe Burgrave of\nCharlestone, Lord Joachim, Andrew Erle of Sclicke, Knights of the gentry,\nthe Chiefe Secretary of the land, Caspar Caepler, Undertreasurer Procopius\nDirarssetche, Underburgrave of Charlestone Bohnslaire of Micholowth, and\nthe Burgrave of the knightlie province, or tract of Grotzer, Henry Ottoe\nof Losse and many others, beinge summoned and come the 22th of Octob. ould\nstile, 2 (sic) Novemb. newe stile, to give their attendance, and doe\ntheir service at the coronacion, the same was done on Munday the 4th of\nNovemb. newe stile, that is the 25 of October. ould stile in the manner as\nfolloweth.\nFirst after the lords, the States, had attended his Majestie into the\ncastle churche and brought him into St. Wentzeslawes chappell, there they\nputt uppon his Majestie the regall robe, which was a longe white sattine\nor damaske gowne all over imbroidered with goulde; before went 40 preists,\nsingeinge men and querresters in white surplices, then behinde them 7\nother more principall preists in blewishe or violett cloakes with rich\ntaffitie hatts of the same collor; after them followed the officers of the\nkingedome carryinge the jewells and ensignes belongeing to the coronation,\nas namely, the hereditary Archbutler of the kingedome of Bohemia with a\ngilded silver tunne, the hereditarie Archcupberer with a silver potte,\nand 2 others followinge them, bearinge 2 gilded bowles; the(n) followed\nthe Lord High Steward of the land with the scepter, the Lord Chiefe\nJustice of the kingedome with the regall ball, the Archburkgrave with\nthe crowne, bearinge it in bothe his hands; after went the Heralde of\nthe kingedome Bohemia in his coate of armes with a white staffe in his\nhand, then the hereditarie Lord High Marshall of the crowne of Bohemia\nwith the regall electorall sworde in a red velvett sheathe, after whome\nimmediatelie followed his Majestie bareheaded, havinge on the right hand\nthe Lord Administrator of the Bohemian Protestant Colledge and on his left\nside another Bohemian preacher (who afterwards made the sermon), both\nof them attyred in blacke velvett gownes. These 2 brought his Majestie\nunto the alter, where they kneeled downe with him and prayed a while,\nand then goeinge backe from the alter, they sett his Majestie in a faire\nchaire of hayre-colored vellvett, who returneinge to the alter, the Lord\nAdministrator began to act and reade aloude certaine statutes of Lattine,\nwhich done, the trumpetts sounded a greate noise; after was begun to be\nsunge in Lattine Veni Sancte Spiritus, and thereuppon in the Bohemian\ntongue God the Father dwell us by was also sunge, a collect reade, and the\npreacher putt on his white surplice, went up into the pulpitt to preach\nin the Bohemian speech. After he had propounded the matter he was to\ntreate of, and prayed, he stayed there till the people had sunge the 20th\nPsalme also in the Bohemian language; then he went on with his sermon,\nand yet in the meanewhile, betweene the partes thereof, were 3 severall\ntimes Bohemian hymnes sunge; the sermon beinge ended the foresaid Lord\nAdministrator went againe to the alter and did there in Lattine singe the\nLetany, which done, the trumpetts and musicke made a marveilous sweete\nmelodie, which done, a chapter out of the Apostle Paule to Timothy was\nreade before the altar, and 2 Bohemian himnes sunge; this ended, the Lord\nAdministrator, with the preacher, the Lord Chief Burgrave, the Lord High\nSteward and Lord Greate Chamberlaine of the land, attended his Majestie\nto the alter, where they all kneeled downe and prayed againe. Then\nthey stoode up and, haveinge spoken unto his Majestie concerninge the\naccustomed oathe he was to take, the Lord Chiefe Burgrave spake thrice\nalone unto the people to this effect: \u201cSeeing we are nowe aboute to\ncrowne his Majestie, it is thought meete againe to admonishe you joyntlie\nto tell us freelie, whether it be your wills that we shall proceede on\nforwards and crowne his Majestie?\u201d Whereupon the people with a full and\njointe consent cryed out amaine and said everie time, \u201cWe will.\u201d Then the\nLord Cheife Burgrave held a booke unto his Majestie, whereon his Majestie\nhaveing laide his 2 fingers, the Lord Cheife Burgrave reade the accustomed\noathe unto him in the Bohemian tongue, which his Majestie performed unto\nthe Lords the States repeatinge every word of it after the Lord Chief\nBurgrave. Then his Majestie kneeled downe before the altar, where the\nLord Administrator stoode before him, holdinge on the booke a gilded box,\nwherein was oyle, of which he tooke a little with one finger and anointed\ntherewith his Majestie\u2019s foreheade, strekeinge it in forme of a crosse.\nThis beinge done, the Lord High Marshall delivered the sword into the\nhands of the Lord Administrator, who took it and presentlie gave it to his\nMajestie, sayinge these wordes: Per Dominum nostrum Jesum Christum Amen.\nAfter this he delivered unto him, first the scepter, then the regall ball,\nput a red velvett cap upon his heade, and the lord Administrator takeinge\nup the crowne in his hands, whereon the Lord Chiefe Burgrave, the Lord\nHighe Steward of the land, the Lord Great Chamberlaine of the land, and\nthe other preist or minister tooke holde, and so joyntly sett the crowne\nuppon his Majesties head in the name of the Holy and Blessed Indivisible\nTrinitie, and then (he) was by them all lifted up, attended to his chaire\nand sett therein with the crowne upon his heade and the ball and scepter\nin his hands. Now when all this was done the Lord Cheife Burgrave said\nunto the Lords the States: \u201cMy Lords, seeinge our gracious Kinge is\nalready crowned, so are we nowe accordinge unto our custome to sweare\nallegeance unto him and to the crowne and acknowledge him for our gracious\nKinge and lord.\u201d Hereupon the Lord Cheife Burgrave kissed the regall ball,\nhis Majestie\u2019s right hand, touched the crowne with his 2 fingers, bowed\nhimself before his Majestie, and so went aside, giveinge way. About an\n100 persons did all the like. After this did the Lord Administratour with\na loude voyce singe Te Deum laudamus. This followed the whole musicke,\ncornetts, saggebutts, trumpetts, kettledrummes; the bells in all three\ncitties of Prague did ringe, 28 peeces of great ordinance made readie for\nthe purpose were discharged, and the citizens and souldiers of the cittie,\nbeinge 13 companies of foote and sundry cornetts of horse, discharged all\ntheire ouer (sic).\nAfter that his Majestie had (sittinge in his coronation chaire) knighted\n5 lords and 3 gentlemen, he rose and went thence attended with all the\nlords others to the records of the land, where also accordinge to auncient\nuse and custome he sware to preserve and mainetaine them and subscribed\nunto all he was to subscribe unto. Where as his Majestie went and returned\nthere were divers sorts of coynes of gould and silver throwne amongst\nthe people, one of which had on the one side this inscription, God and\ntheire (sic) cuntryes have given unto me this crowne, and on the other\nside were five hands houldinge on a crowne, signifying the kingedome of\nBohemia and the 4 incorporated cuntries. All alonge the streetes, and\nwithin the castle whereupon his Majestie rid and went to the records of\nthe land, there was broade clothe spreade on the ground, which at his\ncomeing backe was all given for larges and made prizd unto the people. At\nhis comeinge backe into the castle dinner was made ready, where was one\ntable of state prepared, whereat his Majestie sate in his regall robes\nwith the crowne on his heade, and the Queene with him. There were other\ntables besides furnished as whereat sate the above said greate officers\nand the rest of the Lords the States, and the(n) 14 other free tables\nfor strangers: within the castle court there were goodlie fountaines\nmade, which untill night ran plentifullie with wine red and white free\nfor all to take of that would. About the midst of dinner his Majestie,\nthe crowne to be taken off, stoode up and dranke into the health of all\nthe 3 states and Bohemia, and caused it to be drunke round aboute hall.\nIn the interim betweene his Majestie\u2019s coronacion and the Queene\u2019s, his\nMajestie first confirmed all the officers and governours of the kingedome\nin theire offices and governmentes, commanndinge justice and government\nto goe on in the ordinarie due course as was meete and requisite. Then\nnext perceivinge that the stewes and brothelhouses were there still in\nuse and tollerated, and had theire house within the bulwarke round aboute\nthe cittie, and withall a world of poore and needy people as well of able\nbodyes as aged, sicke and impotent, lyinge and standinge in the streets\nto the great dishonor of God and of religion, his Majestie both put downe\nthe stewes presentlie and commannded an hospitall and house of correccion\nto be forthwith builded; that so theis aged, sicke and impotent might be\nsufficientlie relived and mainetained and the idle bodie to be put into\ngives and forced to worke and labour for theire liveinge, that so both\nthe cittie and the state might be eased and clensed of all such, as is his\nowne cuntry.\nThe Queene\u2019s coronacion was on Thursday the 28th of October ould stile in\nall respects like the Kinge\u2019s saye that the sermon was in High Dutche and\nno coynes cast about thereat. V. 7, p. 23.\n  [20] _Bohemia in British State Papers and Manuscripts_ not indexed.\n  Absolon, K., 187\n  Alcock, Deborah, 78\n  Allen, Fred. H., 168\n  Anchoran, John, 29\n  Anketell, John, 121\n  Ansley, C. F., 68\n  Arbes, Jakub, 80\n  Augusta, John, 41, 66\n  Bailey, W. F., 162\n  Bain, Robert Nisbet, 38, 140\n  Baker\u2019s Biog. Dict. of Musicians, 67, 70, 151\n  Barlow, William, 90, 93\n  Barry, Canon William, 168\n  Baudi\u0161, Josef, 83\n  Bedford, H., 177\n  Behringer, C. F., 122\n  Bendl, Karel, 151\n  Bene\u0161-T\u0159eb\u00edzsk\u00fd, V\u00e1clav, 81\n  Bene\u0161, Edouard, 162, 168\n  Bene\u0161, Vojta, 98, 162\n  Benger, Elizabeth Ogilvie, 97\n  Benham, David, 108, 129\n  Berkeley, George Monck, 97\n  Bertram, Paul, 78\n  Biog. Dict. of Literature, 66, 140\n  Bird, Remsen du Bois, 124\n  Birnbaum, Martin, 58\n  Black, John S., 111\n  Blaikie, W. G., 122\n  Blaz\u00e9, de Bury, 97\n  Blodgett, J. H., 137\n  Bolton, Henry C., 98\n  Bonsal, Stephen, 169\n  Born, Baron Inigo, 147\n  Bost, Ami, 109\n  Botta, Anne C. L., 141\n  Bowring, Sir John, 48, 141, 143\n  Boyd, Neva L., 154\n  Breuer, Libbie A., 81, 82, 145\n  Brinton, Christian, 62, 192\n  Bristol, Frank M., 128\n  Brookbank, J., 130\n  Brooks, Sydney, 169\n  Brown, Charles L., 162\n  Bro\u017e\u00edk, V\u00e1clav, 20, 58, 66\n  Bruno, Guido, 82, 169\n  Budovec, V\u00e1clav of Budova, 66\n  Burchenal, Elizabeth, 151\n  Burton, John Hill, 30\n  Butler, Nicholas M., 47, 128, 138\n  Buxton, N., 169\n  Calkins, N. A., 137\n  Cambridge Modern History, 14, 38, 100, 104, 105, 140\n  Carleton, Sir Dudley, 98\n  Carlyle, Thomas, 83\n  Carter, John J., 112\n  \u010cerm\u00e1k, B., 144\n  Chapman, Benj., 99\n  Chapman, Henry G., 154\n  Chase, Edith B., 109\n  Ch\u00e9radame, Andr\u00e9, 15, 163, 169\n  Chesterton, G. K., 166\n  Clark, Francis E., 188\n  Cleef, E. van, 149\n  Cobbe, Francis P., 180\n  Collier, Jeremy, 44, 131\n  Colquhoun, Archibald P., 17, 99\n  Colquhoun, Ethel, 99\n  Compayr\u00e9, Gabriel, 128\n  Connolly, Louise, 61\n  Cox, William, 99\n  Cramer, M. J., 123\n  Cranz, David, 109\n  Crawford, F. Marion, 78\n  Crawford, W. H., 123\n  Creighton, M., 109\n  Cruchley, 159\n  Curtin, D. T., 163\n  Curtin, Jeremiah, 83\n  Dallas, R. C., 148\n  Damberger, Christian F., 56, 188\n  Davis, Catherine B., 181\n  Denis, Ernest, 15\n  Dickinson, Clarence, 151\n  Dickinson, Edward, 151\n  Dickinson, Helen A., 151\n  Dignowity, Anthony M., 66\n  Dillon, Edward, 71\n  Dobrovsk\u00fd, Josef, 66\n  Dodsley\u2019s Annual Register, 97, 98\n  Dominian, Leon, 188\n  Dorrian, Cecil I., 170\n  Doughty, H. M., 188\n  Dulken, H. W., 142\n  Durie, John, 132\n  Dvo\u0159\u00e1k, V. J., 155\n  Earbery, Matthias, 120\n  Eaton, John, 137\n  Eden, Lizzie Selina, 99\n  Edwards, Charles E., 123\n  Eisenmann, Louis, 38, 100\n  Eli\u00e1\u0161ova, B. M., 72\n  Elson, Arthur, 152\n  Evans, John, 97\n  Fairfield, A. R., 144\n  Farnham, Amos W., 144, 192\n  Feistmantel, O., 149\n  Fejfar, F., 72\n  Ferber, John James, 147\n  Figulus, Peter, 35, 121\n  Finck, Henry T., 152\n  Firkins, Ina Ten Eyck, 64\n  Firth, Charles H., 34\n  Fisher, George P., 109\n  Fisher, L. J., 98\n  Fisher, Philip M., 137\n  Fitz-Simon, Henry, 100\n  Forman, Josef, 170\n  Fraser, W., 190\n  Freeman, Edward A., 102\n  Frewer, Ellen, 57\n  Fuller, E., 76\n  Gardiner, Samuel R., 100\n  Gataker, Thomas, 110\n  Gayda, Virginio, 164\n  Giddins, George H., 123\n  Gilpin, William, 110\n  Gindely, Anton, 36, 100\n  Gintl, Franz R. von, 85\n  Glasser, M., 177\n  Gleig, Georg R., 56, 188\n  Glenn, Thomas A., 100\n  Gl\u00fcnecke, G. J. R., 159\n  Good, James I., 123\n  Gradin, Arvid, 110\n  Grande, Julian, 170\n  Graves, Frank P., 128\n  Green, Mary A. E., 101\n  Gr\u00e9gr, Edward, 67\n  Gribble, Francis H., 170\n  Grove\u2019s Dict. of Music, 153\n  Gurowski, A. de, 145\n  Haberlandt, M., 60\n  Hadden, J. Cuthbert, 153\n  H\u00e1lek, V\u00edt\u011bzslav, 140, 145\n  Hallivell, George W., 123\n  Hamilton, John T., 111\n  Hamlin, C., 170\n  Hanka, Wenceslaus, 144\n  Hard, William, 171\n  Harrison, John, 34, 88, 92\n  Harvitt, Helen J., 154\n  Haven, Gilbert, 176\n  Havlasa, Jan, 144, 146\n  Hay, Marie, 78\n  Hayes, Carleton J. H., 101\n  Hazen, Charles D., 101\n  Headlam, J. W., 164\n  Heilprin, A., 171\n  Heilprin, M., 171\n  Hensel, Octavia, 156\n  Herites, Franti\u0161ek, 81\n  Herrick, S. E., 111\n  Hill, Birbeck, 102\n  Hilbert, Jaroslav, 76\n  Hlav\u00e1\u010d, V. J., 156\n  Hodges, Le Roy, 179\n  Hodgson, Randolph L., 189\n  Hodgson, William, 111\n  Hol\u00e1rek, Emile, 58, 61\n  Holland, J. G., 142\n  Holme, Charles, 60\n  Holmes, John, 111\n  Holub, Emil, 57\n  Hoole, Charles, 45, 133\n  Hopkins, H. P., 156\n  Horgan, S. H., 63\n  Howell, Charles Fish, 176\n  Howitt, Mary, 79\n  Hrbek, Jeffrey D., 21, 64, 68\n  Humpal, Rose M., 81\n  Hutton, J. E., 113\n  Hye, Isadoor, 106\n  Immerman, Karl, 141\n  James, Henry, 113\n  Janauschek, Francesca R. M., 27, 68, 76\n  Jefferys, T., 159\n  Jenkins, Robert C., 101\n  Jennewein, F., 61\n  Jerrold, Walter C., 171, 186\n  Jewett, J. L., 125\n  Ji\u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd, J. Rudi\u0161, 101, 183, 185\n  Jir\u00e1sek, Alois, 27, 68\n  Judson, Harry P., 98\n  Kappey, Clara, 153\n  Karpeles, Benno, 179\n  Kautsky, Karl, 113\n  Keysler, Johann Georg, 56, 189\n  Kiddle, Henry, 129\n  Kinner, Cyprian, 130\n  Kissner, J. G., 181\n  Kitts, Eustace J., 113\n  Klos\u00e9, Edwin G., 138\n  Koerner, K. T., 84\n  Kohl, Johann Georg, 56, 189\n  Kohlbeck, Valentine, 182\n  Kompi\u0161, Peter S., 69\n  Korbel, Mario, 61, 62\n  Koukol, Alois B., 55, 182\n  Koula, Jan, 61\n  Kov\u00e1\u0159\u00edk, Alois F., 166\n  Kram\u00e1\u0159, Karel, 162, 171\n  Krasinski, Count V., 113\n  Kr\u00e1snohorsk\u00e1, Eli\u0161ka, 180\n  Kratina, Joseph, 62\n  Kratochvil, S., 164\n  Krava\u0159 (Crawar), Paul, 30\n  Krejsa, Antonie, 80\n  Kroupa, B., 57\n  Krupi\u010dka, Franti\u0161ek, 73\n  Kryshanovskaya, V. I., 79\n  Kubel\u00edk, Jan, 51, 69\n  Ku\u010dera, Magdalena, 182\n  Kuhns, L. Oscar, 113\n  Kulamer, John, 69\n  Kva\u010dala, John, 135\n  Kvapil, Jaroslav, 69, 76, 77\n  Lang, Andrew, 30\n  Lang, Ossian H., 135\n  Langridge, Henry S., 85\n  La Trobe, Benjamin, 109\n  Latrobe, Bishop J., 113\n  Latrobe, C. I., 113\n  Lavington, G., 116\n  Law, Mary E., 138\n  Lederer, John, 57\n  Lehner, Ferdinand, 60\n  Lenfant, Jacques, 113\n  Leslie, Emma, 79\n  Lessing, Karl F., 60\n  Levine, Isaac Don, 172\n  Lingelbach, William E., 102\n  Lippert, Emanuel, 138\n  Lodge, Henry Cabot, 102\n  Longfellow, Henry W., 16, 141, 142\n  Losa, V\u00e1clav, 123\n  Loserth, Johann, 38, 114, 122\n  Lowell, A. L., 164\n  Lublin, C. Owen, 62\n  Lucas, Annie, 79\n  M\u00e1chal, Jan, 83\n  McCabe, Lida Rose, 62\n  McClure, Archibald, 179\n  M\u2019Cormick, W. B., 61\n  McCorry, John S., 114\n  Macdonald, James, 189, 193\n  MacKay, F. E., 76\n  Mackenzie, A. C., 156\n  Mackenzie, Campbell, 108, 109\n  McLaughlin, Allan, 182\n  Mallery, Charles Payson, 102\n  Malin, William Gunn, 22, 65, 114\n  Mamatey, Albert, 164\n  Mangan, J. C., 141\n  Mangasarian, M. M., 115\n  Marchant, Francis P., 145, 164\n  Masaryk, Alice G., 182\n  Mashek, Nan, 183\n  Mathews, W. B. S., 155\n  Maxwell, W. H., 135\n  Mears, John W., 115\n  M\u011bkota, Beatrice M., 77, 82\n  Melichar, A. G., 158\n  Melitz, Leo, 154\n  Mendelsohn, J., 156\n  Menzies, Robert, 120\n  Merrylees, John, 147\n  Meynier, H., 189\n  Michiels, Alfred, 103\n  Miller, Kenneth D., 183\n  Milles, Jeremiah, 149\n  Mi\u0161kovsk\u00fd, Louis F., 125\n  Mitchell, John, 103\n  Moleville, M. Bertrand de, 50, 148\n  Monroe, Paul, 135, 139\n  Monroe (Munro), Robert, 95\n  Montgomery, James, 137\n  Morgan, J., 152\n  Moryson, Fynes, 189\n  Mrazek, Joseph, 62\n  Mulliken, E. G., 113\n  Mulliken, J. L., 113\n  Munroe, James P., 136\n  Mylechreest, Winifred B., 79\n  Naak\u00e9, John T., 83\n  N\u00e1dhern\u00fd, E. V., 181\n  Namier, Lewis B., 165\n  N\u00e1prstek, Vojta, 61, 69\n  Narrative History of Music, 153\n  Nedobyty, Anna, 193\n  Neisser, George, 125\n  Newbigin, M. I., 149\n  Newman, Francis W., 103\n  Niederle, Lubor, 190\n  Ogden, John C., 117\n  Oldham, Sam. S., 117\n  Ond\u0159\u00ed\u010dek, F., 70\n  Ord\u00e9ga, L., 173\n  Ordway, Edith B., 154\n  Paalzow, Henriette von, 79\n  Pac\u00e1k, Louis, 73\n  Painter, F. V. N., 136\n  Panther (pseud), 173\n  Parker, Samuel C., 136\n  Pastor, Josef, 158\n  Pastor, Ludwig, 117\n  Patera, A., 135\n  Paterson, Maurice, 136\n  Patin, Charles, 190\n  Payne, Joseph, 136\n  Peabody, Elizabeth P., 103\n  Pennington, Arthur R., 117\n  Percival, James G., 141\n  Pescheck, C. A., 118\n  Philip, Will., 88\n  Pisek, Vincent, 153\n  Pite, Beresford, 177\n  Polasek, Albin, 62\n  Pope, R. Martin, 112\n  Powell, H. J., 71\n  Poyntz, Sydnam, 103\n  Pratt, Waldo S., 153\n  Price, Charles M., 60\n  Prince, J. D., 173\n  Prinsep, V. C., 63\n  Prochazka, J., 166\n  Prus\u00edk, Bo\u0159ivoj, 150\n  Prynne, William, 118\n  Putnam, Samuel P., 104\n  Rae, W. Fraser, 193\n  Ralston, W. R. S., 178\n  Ram\u00e9e, Louise de la, 14, 79\n  Rashdall, Hastings S., 118\n  Rau, Albert G., 125\n  Raumer, Karl von, 139\n  Reich, Emil, 104\n  Reincke, Abraham, 118\n  Renselaer, M. G. van, 178\n  Richards, Agnes G., 62\n  Rieger, F. L., 70\n  Riis, Jacob, 179\n  Risler, Jeremias, 118\n  Robbins, Jane E., 183\n  Robinson, Edward, 142\n  Rogers, Henry, 119, 125\n  Rokycana, Jan, 70\n  Rolt, Richard, 119\n  Roof, Katherine M., 156\n  Roosevelt, Theodore, 173\n  Rosenthal, Herman, 21, 65\n  Rosick\u00fd, Marie Bayer, 148\n  Rosick\u00fd, Rose, 148\n  Rubicon (pseud), 173\n  Runciman, John F., 153\n  Rundle, Charles E., 119\n  Ruzicka, Rudolph, 61, 63\n  Sabina, Karel, 154\n  Sadeler, George E., 159\n  Salinger, Richard, 154\n  Salvo, Marquis Carlo de, 190\n  Sand, George, 27, 80\n  \u0160a\u0161ek, V\u00e1clav of B\u00edrkov, 29, 104, 106\n  Sauzay, A., 71\n  Schanzer, Hedwig, 63\n  Schauffler, H. A., 183\n  Schauffler, R. H., 173\n  Schierbrand, Wolf von, 167\n  Schindler, Kurt, 154\n  Schmitt, Bernadote E., 173\n  Schoberl, Frederick, 148\n  Schwartz, H., 71\n  Sebastian, Father, 124\n  Sellers, Edith, 173\n  Shaw, Francis G., 80\n  Shearer, James W., 73\n  Sherwood, J. M., 125\n  Sidney, Sir Philip, 104\n  \u0160\u00edma, Joseph, 61\n  \u0160imek, Bohumil, 163\n  Singleton, Esther, 154\n  Sloss, Robert, 174\n  \u0160milovsk\u00fd, Alois V., 27, 80, 140\n  Smith, Charlotte F., 104\n  Smith, J. Milton, 120\n  Smith, Preserved, 125\n  Snow, Francis H., 77\n  Sonnenschein, W. S., 142\n  Soskice, Juliet M., 79\n  Soukup, Anthony M., 74\n  \u0160pa\u010dek, Anna, 154\n  Spalding, M. J., 126\n  Stanton, Theodore, 180\n  Steiner, Edward A., 180, 183\n  Stevenson, I. P., 174\n  Stevenson, W. F., 126\n  Stiles, William H., 104\n  Stoddard, J. L., 190\n  Straka, Adolf W., 24, 74\n  Street, G. S., 193\n  Strickland, Agnes, 29, 105\n  \u0160ubert, Franti\u0161ek A., 77\n  \u0160varc, V\u00e1clav, 183\n  Sv\u011btl\u00e1, Karolina, 27, 70, 80\n  Svobodov\u00e1, R\u016f\u017eena, 82\n  Swehla, Francis J., 183\n  Swoboda, Wenceslaus A., 144\n  S\u00fdkora, A. J., 187\n  Symons, Arthur, 55, 177, 178\n  Taillandier, R. G., 15\n  Talvj (Robinson)\n  Taylor, Bayard, 15, 190\n  Taylor, John, 32, 93\n  Thurloe, John, 34\n  Thurston, Herbert, 126\n  Tille, V\u00e1clav, 146\n  Torrey, H. W., 126\n  Toynbee, Arnold J., 167, 174\n  Trench, Richard C., 120\n  Troutbeck, Rev., 152\n  Turner, R. W., 183\n  Twain, Mark, 174\n  Tymarchus, Joshua, 46, 133\n  Tyr\u0161, Miroslav, 56, 70, 185\n  Tyr\u0161, Renata, 63\n  Ullman, C., 120\n  Updike, D. B., 63\n  V\u00e1\u0148a, Jan, 74\n  Van Dyke, Paul, 120\n  Varillas, Antoine, 120\n  Vaughn, Robert, 34, 136\n  Vericour, L. R. de, 107\n  Vernalecken, Theodore, 84\n  Vertue, George, 20, 58, 67\n  Vizetelly, E. A., 191\n  Vondrous, J. C., 61\n  Vostrovsk\u00fd, Clara (Winlow), 69, 80, 82, 139\n  Vrchlick\u00fd, Jaroslav, 70, 77, 146, 152\n  Walmsley, 159\n  Warburton-Egerton, R. E., 142\n  Washington, Booker T., 174\n  Watson, Foster, 139\n  Wertenbaker, T. J., 174\n  Wharton, Leonard C., 18, 19, 22, 65\n  Whately, Jane E., 120\n  White, Walter, 191\n  Williams, Robert F., 120\n  Williams, Samuel G., 137\n  Williams, William H., 105\n  Wilson, Woodrow, 53\n  Winlow, Clara Vostrovsk\u00fd, 69, 80, 82, 139\n  Wistein, Rose, 175\n  Wittelsh\u00f6fer, O., 175\n  Workman, Herbert B., 111, 121, 124\n  World\u2019s Best Essays, 137\n  Worthington, John, 120, 137\n  Wortley, Sir Francis, 95, 96\n  Wratislaw, Baron Mitrowitz W., 29, 48, 105\n  Wyatt, Margaret A., 121\n  Wylie, James H., 121\n  Yarros, Gregory, 65\n  Zaj\u00ed\u010dek, Frank, 154\n  Zelenka, Lerando L., 157\n  Zeman, Josephine Humpal, 182, 183, 184\n  \u017derot\u00edn, Lord Karel, 41, 70\n_Printed in the United States of America_\n  [Transcriber's Note: Following are transcriptions of the last two\n  illustrations.]\n       ORGAN OF THE BOHEMIAN-AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES.\nNOTES.\nOnce Protestant, Bohemia at present is overwhelmingly Catholic. In 1890\nthe Catholics numbered 96.17 per cent, the Protestants 2.22 per cent and\nthe Jews 1.56 per cent. It must be borne in mind, however, that prior to\n1781, in which year the \u201cPatent of Toleration\u201d was issued, no other church\nwas tolerated outside the Catholic.\nBohemia may be said to be a country of farmers, judging from the number\nof persons engaged in agricultural pursuits. Out of every one thousand\npeople 408.7 per cent are engaged in the cultivation of soil and forestry;\n352.6 per cent find employment in manufacturing and mining, 59.5 per cent\nin commerce, railroading, etc., and 87.8 per cent earn their living as\nlaborers.\nIlliteracy in Bohemia is rapidly disappearing. According to the general\ncensus of 1890 the ratio of adults unable to read and write is 19.69 per\ncent, which compares favorably with that of the most advanced of European\nnations. Figures compiled in 1881 show the ratio of illiteracy to be in\nEngland, 16 per cent; Scotland, 12; Ireland, 33; France, 22; Germany, 6;\nRussia, 89; Austria 51 (education is especially backward in Hungary and\nTransylvania); Italy, 59; Spain and Portugal, 66; Switzerland, 12, Belgium\nand Holland, 14; Scandinavia, 13.\nCuriously enough, the natives do not call their country \u201cBohemia,\u201d but\n_Cechy_, nor themselves \u201cBohemians,\u201d but \u201cCechs,\u201d pron. \u201cChekhs\u201d or\n\u201cCzechs.\u201d Tradition has it that the leader\u2019s name who conducted the first\nSlav tribe to Bohemia was Cech, hence the race name. The Latin chroniclers\nof the Middle Ages were altogether ignorant of this, and persisted in\ncalling the people who bore it Bohemians, and thus the Slavs of Bohemia\ninherited the name of the Boii (Germanic race) whom they had displaced.\nSuperintendent of the Census Bureau, Mr. Porter, would hardly sanction the\nmethod adopted by the Austrian government in determining the nationality\nof a people. In Bohemia the _language_ spoken is the test. Americans or\nIrishmen would, therefore, in Austria, be classed as \u201cEnglish,\u201d because\nthey speak that language. This ingenious method is highly \u201cuseful,\u201d\nespecially in the present conflict of races, for it helps to bolster up\nthe minority in the land, deceiving many as to the actual strength of the\nChekhs, thousands of whom use the German language in business and social\nrelations. Accepting the language as a test, 62.79 per cent were found\nin 1890 in Bohemia to \u201cuse\u201d the Bohemian and 37.19 per cent the German\ntongue.\nAustria is a perfect mosaic of races. This diversity is best exemplified\nin the complexion of the schools, where all the dominant languages of the\nmonarchy clamor for recognition. There are universities at Vienna, Prague,\nGratz, Innsbruck, Cernovice, Cracow, Lwow, Buda-Pesth, Kolosvar and\nZagreb. The universities in Vienna, Gratz, Innsbruck and Cernovice teach\nin German; the Prague in Chekh; that of Lwow in Polish and Ruthenian; that\nof Cracow in Polish; those of Buda-Pesth and Kolosvar in Magyar; that of\nZagreb in Croatian.\nAn Englishman traveling through Bohemia thus describes the people in the\n_Illustrated News_: \u201cAs for the people there was not a sign of the dreamy\nsadness and strange mysticism of the Slav that one is forever reading\nabout. They worked with a dogged energy and commonplace industry that\nwould not have been out of the way in Zola\u2019s peasants. In no other country\nis it so impossible to remain unconscious of the surplus population\nquestion and the hopelessness of the peasant\u2019s fate. In Germany, or during\nour rides in France, in Italy, in England we sometimes had the road to\nourselves; in Bohemia, never. There was always someone just behind us or\nin front of us.\u201d This latter statement about the density of population\nwill be understood when we remember that but 4\u00bd per cent. of all the land\nin Bohemia is not under cultivation.\nLike Ireland Bohemia is governed by a lieutenant governor appointed by\nthe sovereign. The highest legislative power in the land is the diet\nconvoking in Prague and composed of 242 members elected by the people.\nOne archbishop, three bishops and two university rectors, however, hold\ntheir seats by virtue of office. As may be imagined the power the diet\nexercises is very limited, the deliberations depending on the pleasure\nor displeasure of the emperor, who selects the presiding officer. The\nlatter is styled as the \u201cmarshal,\u201d or \u201chigh marshal.\u201d The diet has the\nprerogative of electing a standing committee of eight members known as\nthe \u201cland committee\u201d (zemsky vybor) and over this committee again the\nmarshal presides. For political and administrative purposes the country\nis divided into circles, the circles are sub-divided into captaincies.\nThe two crownlands, Moravia and Silesia, have each 100 and 31 deputies in\ntheir home diets, respectively. The government officials, though great\nreforms have taken place of late, are far from popular. This is especially\nthe case with the military captains, for whom the people conceive as much\nliking as the Italians had for Radetzky and Pachta. Insufferably stiff,\ncold, repellent and severe, they were regarded by the people as the source\nof all their woes.\nOFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE BOHEMIAN (CZECH) NATIONAL ALLIANCE OF AMERICA\n Jaroslav F. Smetanka, Editor, 2324 S. Central Park Ave., Chicago.\n  J. J. Fekl, Business Manager, 2816 S. St. Louis Ave., Chicago.\nA patriot desires but one reward: that he should live to see his labors\nbear fruit. On January 12, 1917, thousands of Czechs in the United\nStates found time in the midst of their joyous celebration of the dawn\nof Bohemia\u2019s independence to remember the grand old man of Bohemia,\nThomas Garigue Masaryk. He it was who put the ancient kingdom of Bohemia\nonce more upon the map of Europe. On the day when the Allies\u2019 answer to\nPresident Wilson was published, he surely was happy, for he had proof that\nhis titanic labors, his tremendous personal and family sacrifices were not\nmade in vain. Bohemia\u2019s right to independence was clearly recognized by\nthe Allies and the liberation of the country from foreign domination was\nmade one of the conditions of peace.\nFor centuries no one in Bohemia did more than dream of independence. This\nSlav country had been subject to the Hapsburgs for so many generations\nand so thoroughly was it repressed that even the boldest spirits among\nits leaders regretfully put aside all thoughts of absolute freedom as\nvisionary and aimed merely at securing for the lands of the Bohemian crown\nthe widest possible autonomy within the confines of the Austrian Empire.\nOn several occasions during the long reign of Francis Joseph the Czechs\ncame near to the realization of these moderate ambitions, but always the\nemperor drew back unable to give up his ambition to be the German ruler of\nGerman or Germanized subjects.\nOf late years the struggle of the Czechs for a certain amount of liberty\nat home and for the right to participate in the government of the Empire\nwas growing more and more hopeless. The general European situation was\nundergoing a change greatly to the disadvantage of Bohemia. The Hapsburg\nrealm was losing its standing as a great power, due mainly to the constant\ninternal dissensions and language disputes, while the truly national\nstates of Europe were growing in population, wealth and military power.\nAbove all Germany, excelling in industrial and military preparedness,\naggressive and domineering, was looking for new worlds to conquer. America\nwas out of the question, for the United States was guarding jealously\nagainst the invasion of the two western continents through its Monroe\ndoctrine. Germany\u2019s African colonies were unsuitable for colonization by\nwhite men and constituted merely a financial burden. Only Asia offered\nan undeveloped field--the ramshackle Turkish Empire--and to that land of\npromise the road from Germany led through the dual empire and the Balkan\nstates. Prague was the first stage on the Berlin-Bagdad highway, and\nthe Czech people were the first obstacle to German expansion. It was a\npart of Germany\u2019s plan to reduce Austria to complete subserviency by the\nexaltation of its German minority and a more thorough repression of the\nSlav and Latin races, with the assistance of the Magyars.\nThere were not lacking statemen in Bohemia who saw whither things were\ntending. Two of them stand out above the other Czech patriots: Dr. Charles\nKramar and Professor Thomas G. Masaryk. Kramar, the leader of the Young\nCzech party, for years representative of the middle class of Bohemia,\nyielded to no one in his devotion to the race from which he sprang or in\nthe sincerity of his intentions to serve the Czech people to the best\nof his great ability. But being a wealthy manufacturer, a \u201cpractical\u201d\nman, intent upon gaining results in the Vienna parliament, he failed to\ndraw the only conclusion necessitated by the changed European situation\nwhich he so well understood. He realized that Germany was \u201cpeacefully\npenetrating\u201d the Danube monarchy, that the very existence of the Czech\nnation was imperiled; on the floor of the parliament and in the Austrian\ndelegation\n  [Transcriber's Note: End of transcriptions.]\nEnd of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Bohemian (Cech) Bibliography, by \nThomas Capek and Anna Vostrovsk\u00fd Capek\n*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BOHEMIAN (CECH) BIBLIOGRAPHY ***\n***** This file should be named 60814-0.txt or 60814-0.zip *****\nThis and all associated files of various formats will be found in:\nProduced by Ren\u00e9 Anderson Benitz, David Starner, and the\nUpdated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will\nbe renamed.\nCreating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright\nlaw means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works,\nso the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United\nStates without permission and without paying copyright\nroyalties. 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{"source_document": "", "creation_year": 1936, "culture": " English\n", "content": "Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed\nA traveling exhibition presented by the Stovall Museum of Science and\nHistory and the Oklahoma Archaeological Survey.\n    [Illustration: Spiro Mounds: Prehistoric gateway ... Present-day\n    enigma]\n    [Illustration: The Mound builders of North America circa A.D.\n               Prehistoric gateway ... Present-day enigma\nThe mounds at Spiro, Oklahoma, are among the most important\narchaeological remains in the United States. A remarkable assemblage of\nartifacts from the mounds shows that prehistoric Spiro people created a\nsophisticated culture which influenced the entire Southeast. There was\nan extensive trade network, a highly developed religious center, and a\npolitical system which controlled the region. Located on a bend of the\nArkansas River, the site was a natural gateway between societies to the\neast and the west, a gateway at which Spiro people exerted their\ninfluence. Yet much of the Spiro culture is still a mystery, including\nthe reasons for the decline and abandonment of the site. Their objects\nremain intriguing, and pique the creative thoughts of professional and\nlayman alike. Today, the Spiro site and artifacts are among Oklahoma\u2019s\nrichest cultural resources, and the site is Oklahoma\u2019s only National\nHistoric Landmark and archaeological park.\nThis archaeological site includes the remains of a village and eleven\nearthen mounds. Although various groups of people had camped on or near\nthe Spiro area since early prehistoric times, the location did not\nbecome a permanent settlement until approximately A.D. 600. Spiro Mounds\nwas renowned in southeastern North America between A.D. 900 and circa\n1400, when Spiro\u2019s inhabitants developed political, religious and\neconomic institutions with far-reaching influence on societies from the\nPlains and the Mississippi Valley to much of what is now the\nsoutheastern United States. Because Spiroans maintained such practices\nas mound construction, a leadership of priest-chiefs, horticulture (of\ncorn, beans and squash), and a religious tradition (the \u201cSouthern Cult\u201d)\ncommon to the Southeast, they were an example of what archaeologists\nhave termed the Mississippian cultural development in America.\nSpiro was known locally as a prehistoric Indian site as early as the\nlate nineteenth century. However, it was not until 1933 that the Spiro\nMounds attracted national and worldwide attention. In that year, a group\nof treasure hunters leased the site and began excavating the largest\nmound. They discovered rich troves of spectacular artifacts, including\nobjects of wood, cloth, copper, shell, basketry and stone.\nUnfortunately, the diggers were only concerned with finding and selling\nthe relics, not with preserving or recording their significance or their\ncontext. Consequently, not only were important prehistoric artifacts\nlooted and sold out of Oklahoma, but, like pages ripped from a rare\nbook, irreplaceable information about Oklahoma\u2019s past was lost forever.\n    [Illustration: _Pot hunters digging Craig Mound, 1933_\n    [Illustration: _Works Progress Administration controlled\nIn an effort to prevent repetition of the tragedy at Spiro Mounds, the\nOklahoma legislature passed the state\u2019s first antiquities preservation\nlaw in 1936. At the same time, state leaders worked to initiate a joint\nresearch venture by the University of Oklahoma, the Oklahoma Historical\nSociety, and the University of Tulsa to scientifically excavate the\nSpiro Mounds site. Between 1936 and 1941, Works Progress Administration\n(WPA) workers, under the supervision of University of Oklahoma\narchaeologists, conducted a systematic excavation of the remainder of\nthe Spiro Mounds. The WPA crews and archaeologists excavated and\nrecorded the stratigraphy (sequence of deposit), burials, crematory pits\nand other features which remained in the largest and most severely\ndamaged mound. Called the Craig Mound, this earthwork was 33 feet high\nand 400 feet long. Study revealed that Craig Mound, which was actually\nfour joined mounds, had been constructed between A.D. 800 and circa 1350\nto cover the graves of the society\u2019s most important leaders. Besides the\nCraig Mound, WPA workers excavated the remains of other mounds, the\nlocations of several prehistoric houses, and other features at many\nnearby village sites.\n    [Illustration: OU Electronic Media and Photo Services\u2014Gilbert A.\n    Jain]\nSince 1964, the Spiro Mounds and other related sites in eastern Oklahoma\nhave become points of renewed interest to archaeologists. Spurred to\nsalvage important information from areas threatened by construction and\ndevelopment, archaeologists recognized an unparalleled opportunity to\ndocument and explain the rise and decline of a remarkable prehistoric\nsociety. Thus, for the past 20 years, archaeologists have re-examined\nthe WPA records, studied newly excavated sites and patiently pieced\ntogether artifacts to determine the lifeways of these prehistoric\nOklahomans.\nThe new findings show the Spiro site as one of the premier trading and\nreligious centers of prehistoric America. Situated in a narrow valley of\nthe Arkansas River, the Spiroans were in a strategic position to control\ntraffic, trade and communications along this waterway, especially\nbetween the small villages scattered among the Ouachita Mountains to the\nsouth and the Ozarks to the north. Both of these regions were rich in\nraw materials favored by the Spiro people. Not only did Spiro become an\nimportant center for Caddoan-speaking residents of eastern Oklahoma, but\nit also began to play a significant role in controlling trade and\ninformation between bison-hunting Plains farmers to the west and the\nnumerous settled horticultural tribes in the Southeast. This development\nwas enhanced by Spiro\u2019s \u201cgateway\u201d position between the rolling grassy\nPlains and the wooded Southeast, as well as by the initiative of Spiro\nleaders.\n    [Illustration: OU Electronic Media and Photo Services\u2014Gilbert A.\n    Jain]\nAs certain Spiro inhabitants became political and religious leaders,\nthey also became commercial entrepreneurs. To help identify their\ngrowing status in the community, these leaders accumulated exotic goods\nwhich they wore as status markers or used in special ceremonies. Among\nthe most favored exotic goods were conch shells from western coastal\nFlorida, copper from the Southeast and other regions, lead from Iowa and\nMissouri, pottery from northeast Arkansas and Tennessee, quartz from\ncentral Arkansas and flint from Kansas, Texas, Tennessee and southern\nIllinois. Spiro artisans fashioned many of these materials into\nelaborately decorated ornaments, ceremonial cups, batons and other\nsymbols of status and authority. Among the prehistoric societies, such\nobjects were a sign of wealth, and Spiro\u2019s priestly leaders were among\nthe most affluent of the time. Elaborate artifacts of conch and copper\nwere more numerous at Spiro than at any other prehistoric site in North\nAmerica.\nThe Spiro site reached its peak as an inhabited ceremonial center\nbetween A.D. 900 and 1200 when the village and public buildings covered\nnearly 100 acres, with a sizeable village occupying an upland ridge and\nportions of the adjacent bottomlands. During this time, two sets of\nearthworks were constructed: one on the upland ridge which contained a\nring of eight mounds erected over the remains of burned or dismantled\nspecial buildings, and one on the bottomlands where three mounds were\nbuilt.\nIn contrast to other mound centers along the Mississippi, Ohio and\nTennessee Rivers, the Spiro site was never fortified by either moat or\npalisade. Despite their wealth and influence, the Spiroans apparently\nhad little fear of outsiders. Archaeologists assume that they felt\nsecure with their military control of a most strategic site. The Spiro\ninhabitants depicted themselves as fierce warriors in engraved images on\nshell cups and gorgets (pendants worn at the throat). It is clear that\nSpiro was the most powerful of a group of at least 15\npolitical-religious centers in northeast Oklahoma. All of these centers\nwere located at strategic frontier points along navigable waterways in\nthe area, thus allowing Spiroans or their allies to monitor all traders,\ntravelers, or potential enemies coming into their sphere of influence.\nThese northeast Oklahoma natives could easily launch forays into\nneighboring regions from these sites. Utilizing canoes, parties were\nsent out to hunt, trade, raid or complete diplomatic missions.\nBetween A.D. 900 and 1350 Spiro was clearly an important\npolitical/religious center. It was also the home of artisans who\ninfluenced the ideas and works of many southeastern peoples. Conch shell\nand copper were favored materials for Spiro artisans. They used a\nvariety of techniques including engraving and embossing, depicting\nelaborate scenes of dance, gaming, warriors, and mythological creatures.\nAmong the latter were winged serpents, antlered serpents, spiders, and\ncatlike monsters that later became important in the mythologies of\nhistoric southeastern tribes. At Spiro, however, the animal figures\nfavored by early artisans were later replaced by humanlike figures.\nFor two or three centuries, Spiro and its satellite centers flourished.\nAround A.D. 1250, they began to change their way of life. Frontier\nsettlements were abandoned, some people completely left northeast\nOklahoma, and others began congregating along the Grand and Arkansas\nRivers. From A.D. 1200 to 1400, a large community developed on the\nuplands and terraces around the Spiro site; however few, if any, people\nwere actually living at the site itself. Apparently, they only visited\nthe mounds periodically for certain rituals and ceremonies. Mound\nconstruction continued, and many people were buried in Craig Mound.\nTheir diverse graves and burial associations attest to the presence of a\nhighly developed hierarchy of political-religious leaders. Of the more\nthan 700 burials discovered at Craig Mound, most are believed to have\nbeen deposited during this time. Many of these burials may represent the\nremains of leaders from other communities who were brought to Spiro for\nburial. Because so few \u201cstatus goods\u201d are known from other northeast\nOklahoma centers, either the distribution of wealth among leaders was\nvery unequal or it was being deposited at Spiro along with its deceased\nowners who had been the leaders of other centers. By A.D. 1450, the\ndominant priestly chiefs were no longer evident in Spiro society; trade\nand influence among Southeastern chiefdoms were no more; and ritual\nmound construction at the Spiro site had apparently ceased.\nBy the mid-sixteenth century, Spiro\u2019s descendants were living in hamlets\nscattered along the Arkansas River between Muskogee and Spiro. Their\nsettlements consisted of small, less substantial houses with many nearby\nstorage and trash pits. For the first time in their history, these\npeople were hunting bison extensively. The use of buffalo and increased\nuse of storage pits indicates that Spiro\u2019s descendants were becoming\npart-time hunters and farmers. After storing fall harvests, they left\ntheir homes to hunt bison in the upper reaches of the Grand and\nVerdigris Rivers. Travel was by canoe, with meat, hides and bones being\ncarried back to villages in early winter. Another noteworthy feature of\nthese later people\u2019s cultural change was their adoption of ideas and\ntools which had long been common with the Plains Indians. As trade with\nthe Southeastern chiefdoms decreased, that with the Plains people\nincreased.\nThe principal stimulus for this marked change is believed to have been\nthe onset of a drier climate around A.D. 1200. This change adversely\naffected the ability of northeast Oklahoma villagers to produce crops,\neventually causing them to move downstream toward the Arkansas River\nValley where summer rainfall remained dependable for growing corn,\nbeans, squash, and sunflowers. However, this increase in population\nplaced more demand on the available soils and resources, creating\necological and social stresses that Spiro leaders could not resolve. It\nis thought that this eventually brought about the decline of these\nleaders\u2019 political and religious power, thus undermining the Spiro\nsociety\u2019s high level of organization and cultural development. By A.D.\n1450, the Spiro site was abandoned. And, by 1719, when eastern Oklahoma\nwas first visited by Europeans, the natives were bison hunting,\npart-time farmers of a tribe now part of the Wichitas.\nToday, barges laden with Oklahoma grain, coal and oil travel down the\nArkansas River to eastern manufacturing cities and ports. From distant\nplaces come equipment parts, fertilizer, asphalt, pulp products and\nsteel needed by Oklahoma\u2019s farms and businesses. Ten miles west of Fort\nSmith, Arkansas, all river traffic passes through one of the locks and\ndams on the Arkansas River Navigational Canal, just a short distance\nfrom the Spiro Mounds site. Even today, the Spiro area is important in\ntrade, commerce, and travel, and the mounds stand as silent monuments to\na people who, for their day, attained levels of technical, artistic,\ncommercial, political and religious achievement that rival our own.\n    [Illustration: {Arkansas River 10 Navigational Canal}]\nAlthough still an enigma in many ways, the Spiro Mounds have yielded\nmuch information. The thousand year record of the mounds provides us\nwith valuable insights about this land, its resources and climate. They\nare lessons which can be applied today as Oklahoma\u2019s towns grow rapidly\nand industry increases in size and scope. As we already know, a two-year\nsummer drought can seriously drain water reserves and create political\nproblems among northeast Oklahoma communities. What will happen if,\ninstead of two years, this region undergoes a 20-year drought? The\nrecord of the past shows us that this is possible. Perhaps the long-term\nconsideration of present practices can make use of the legacy of\nknowledge gained about the Spiro people. Present-day Oklahomans may feel\nas secure as prehistoric Oklahomans at Spiro, but current demands on the\nArkansas River Basin are greater. We must find a better solution than\nour predecessors, whose intriguing artifacts and mounds are all that\nremain.\n               _Spiro Mounds Park and current activities_\n_Spiro Mounds State Park is located in Spiro, Oklahoma on the bank of\nthe Arkansas River. It is Oklahoma\u2019s only Archaeological State Park and\nis a National Historic Landmark. The Park land is leased from the United\nStates Corps of Engineers to the Oklahoma Department of Tourism and\nRecreation. The Department has developed the present Park and manages\nits facilities and interpretive activities including an interpretive\ncenter and trail system. The Park is open daily and admission to the\npublic is free. The Oklahoma Archaeological Survey carries out\nexcavations at the Park and publishes scientific findings and\ninterpretations. The Stovall Museum has produced interpretive programs\nand exhibits about the Spiro Mounds, with the assistance of the Survey.\nThe Museum also has a large and important collection of archaeological\nmaterials from Spiro, and serves as the state repository for newly\nexcavated artifacts. The Oklahoma Foundation for the Humanities\n(formerly Oklahoma Humanities Committee) has funded several\nSpiro-related projects which have presented information and objects to\nthe public through a series of exhibits, lectures and educational\nprograms._\n_The exhibition, Spiro Mounds: Prehistoric Gateway ... Present-day\nEnigma, accompanying interpretive materials, and public program\nactivities have been funded by the Oklahoma Foundation for the\nHumanities (formerly the Oklahoma Humanities Committee), the National\nEndowment for the Humanities, the University of Oklahoma Foundation,\nInc., and the University of Oklahoma. The project has been sponsored and\nproduced by the Oklahoma Archaeological Survey and the Stovall Museum of\nScience and History._\n_Cover design from an engraved shell cup (160, Craig A) unearthed at\nSpiro Mounds, drawn by LaDonna Harris from Phillips and Brown, 1978._\n_Graphic design: Roger A. Vandiver_\n\u2014Silently corrected a few typos.\n\u2014Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook\n  is public-domain in the country of publication.\n\u2014In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by\n  _underscores_.\n\u2014In the HTML version only, added page numbers.\nEnd of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Spiro Mounds: Prehistoric Gateway ...\nPresent-Day Enigma, by Don G. 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{"language": "eng", "scanningcenter": "capitolhill", "contributor": "The Library of Congress", "date": "1936", "subject": ["Public lands -- United States", "Reclamation of land -- United States"], "title": "America's land", "creator": "United States. Farm security administration. [from old catalog]", "lccn": "36026623", "collection": ["library_of_congress", "americana"], "shiptracking": "ST009619", "call_number": "9706841", "identifier_bib": "00220408322", "boxid": "00220408322", "possible-copyright-status": "The Library of Congress is unaware of any copyright restrictions for this item.", "publisher": "[Washington, U. S. Govt. print. off.]", "description": "p. cm", "mediatype": "texts", "repub_state": "19", "page-progression": "lr", "publicdate": "2018-07-18 13:21:32", "updatedate": "2018-07-18 14:30:52", "updater": "associate-mike-saelee@archive.org", "identifier": "americasland00unit", "uploader": "associate-mike-saelee@archive.org", "addeddate": "2018-07-18 14:30:55", "scanner": "scribe2.capitolhill.archive.org", "operator": "associate-richard-greydanus@archive.org", "notes": "No copyright.<br />", "tts_version": "v1.58-final-25-g44facaa", "imagecount": "46", "scandate": "20180802212919", "ppi": "300", "republisher_operator": "associate-jillian-davis@archive.org", "republisher_date": "20180806140830", "republisher_time": "217", "foldoutcount": "0", "identifier-access": "http://archive.org/details/americasland00unit", "identifier-ark": "ark:/13960/t51g7sx9x", "scanfee": "300;10;200", "invoice": "1263", "sponsordate": "20180831", "backup_location": "ia906709_5", "external-identifier": "urn:oclc:record:1156046603", "ocr_module_version": "0.0.21", "ocr_converted": "abbyy-to-hocr 1.1.37", "page_number_confidence": "88", "page_number_module_version": "1.0.3", "creation_year": 1936, "content": "We have wasted our land recklessly in the past. In floods and dust storms, higher taxes and human suffering, we are all paying the price today. The individual men who committed this waste did so ignorantly, not willfully. They followed the example of others, an example on which society as a whole had set its approval. Our riches were without limit, they thought. Let each man take what lies within his reach.\n\nHarsh experience has dispelled this pleasant indifference. We have learned that our land, as well as our forests and minerals, must be conserved. We have learned that this is a group, not an individual problem.\n\nThe Administration recognizes that the conservation of land is a primary duty of the Federal and State Governments. It recognizes that the people who depend on the land are entitled to better social and economic conditions.\nAmerica's Land: A Description of the Resettlement Administration's Efforts to Preserve the Wealth of America's Land for Future Generations\n\nR. G. Tugwell, Administrator.\nLibrary of Congress\nResettlement Administration\nWashington, D.C., 1936\n\nImproper Land Use\n\nSoil erosion on this hillside from which trees were unwisely cleared.\nSoil destruction one consequence of continued misuse of land.\n\nThe Setting\n\nAmerica's Land\n\nWhen the first colonists landed at Jamestown in 1607, they inherited one of the richest lands in the world. Its fertile soil gave them the opportunity to achieve individual economic independence and, on this basis, to found a new system of political liberty. A great forest extended from the Atlantic to the Pacific, providing abundant resources for agriculture and industry. The early settlers recognized the value of this land and took steps to protect it. They cleared the land for farming, but they also set aside large areas for forests, parks, and wildlife preserves.\n\nHowever, as the population grew and the demand for land increased, the pressure to convert forests into farmland and grazing land became irresistible. The result was widespread deforestation, soil erosion, and other forms of land degradation. The Resettlement Administration was established to address these problems and to preserve the riches of America's land for future generations.\nThe Mississippi and beyond lay the prairie where centuries of growing grass had built up rich black earth. Then came the drier area known as the Great Plains, and finally the Rocky Mountain region with its forests and vast stores of mineral wealth. Soil, grass, timber, and minerals \u2014 these have been the elements of America\u2019s land, upon which has been built the great economic structure of the modern United States.\n\nOur Land Today\n\nFor three centuries, several hundred million people have wrested a living from the 2 billion acres that comprise America\u2019s land.\n\nTo make way for the spread of farms and cities from the eastern seaboard to the west, almost half of the original forest area has been cleared. Corn, cotton, tobacco, and grains flourish where the timber once stood, and cattle graze on the old pastures.\nThe United States consists of approximately 987 million acres. About half of this land, 413 million acres, is used for farming, with 329 million acres classified as pasture, particularly in the western dry ranges. Forests and burned-over or cut-over areas account for 615 million acres. Cities, roads, playgrounds, small parks, and the like occupy 53 million acres, while 77 million acres are considered worthless. The fertile Mississippi valley supports some of the world's richest farming regions, with the Great Plains used for wheat farming and cattle ranching, and deserts irrigated for agriculture. Overall, farms cover about 413 million acres, with 329 million acres in pasture, 615 million acres in forests or burned-over areas, and 53 million acres in urban development and small parks.\nBeing largely deserts, mountains, and swamps, these figures do not tell anything about the differences in the quality of the land. They do not distinguish, for example, between exhausted soil of the Piedmont district and the rich earth of Iowa. Obvious, these differences are of the greatest importance to an understanding of our present problems of land use and agriculture.\n\nA recent national survey showed that there were approximately 650,000 farms, covering 100 million acres, on which it is impossible to raise crops at a profit. This land, for various reasons, has proven too poor or insufficiently supplied by nature with water. Located on these farms are many of the 1 million farm families who have been on the relief rolls. Many of these families have never been completely self-sufficient. None of them can ever hope to be, so long as they depend on the cultivation of unprofitable land.\nThe unproductive farms' plight supports the contention that mistakes have been made in our use of the land in the past. Other types of land present similar contrasts. The 615,000,000 acres of forest land in the United States range from small areas of virgin timber to vast areas devastated by forest fires and wasteful lumbering methods. Productive forests, especially those under control ensuring their conservative use, can support a large lumber and wood-using industry. However, burned-over areas, blackened and charred by negligence and ruthless exploitation, have practically no economic value and can be made productive again only at a heavy expense.\n\nProblem areas:\nThe unwise use of land has produced most serious consequences in these areas:\nThe country also contains much good land in farms, forests, and pasture. Grass, like trees, must be protected against misuse. The cattle industry of the West depends on the grasslands for pasture. Where the grassland has been protected, it has remained rich and productive. However, hundreds of thousands of acres have been overgrazed and today produce little but Russian thistle and sage. Like unproductive farmland and cut-over forests, these ruined grasslands are a heavy burden on the Nation.\n\nThree Centuries of Settlement\nAmerican history is built around the story of how the country was settled and its resources exploited to human advantage. The good and evil of land use today can be traced to the way our 2 billion acres were used and abused in the past. Centuries of working their limited farm land taught the settlers.\nPeasants in Europe worked to conserve soil and forests. Colonists brought this knowledge to the New World. But, faced with an abundance of land unlike anything they had known, they soon lost interest in the wise principles of agriculture and forestry.\n\nWhen land that produced bountiful yields of tobacco became exhausted due to lack of proper care, owners moved to fresh fields, abandoning the old to be reclaimed by the wilderness. By the end of the seventeenth century, the pressure of exhausted land was felt in Virginia and Maryland. In another century, the need for new land became desperate. The great plantation owners joined small independent farmers in demanding that the West be opened to settlement. The English refusal to comply with this demand was one of the causes of the Revolutionary War.\nAfter the Revolution, the land west of the Alleghenies was opened, and the second great period of settlement began. Frontiersmen wound their way through mountain gaps, settled in the heavily timbered lands beyond, and began to clear the forests. Vast forests, a source of livelihood for millions of Americans. (U.S. Forest Service photo)\n\nThey were followed by thousands of farmers and their families who took up land in the fertile Ohio Valley. As the movement to the west continued, laws were enacted to make it easy for an individual farmer to acquire a home on the public lands. Eventually, the demands of the land-hungry pioneers were met by the Homestead Act of 1862. This law permitted any head of a family to settle, free of charge, on 160 acres of public land.\n\nOn the basis of these liberal provisions, the area west of the Alleghenies was settled.\nThe Missouri River was settled during the third major period, which ended in the early twentieth century. A final great movement onto public land occurred in recent years due to inflated war-time prices for grain. New machines were invented, enabling successful large-scale wheat cultivation on lands previously considered too dry for farming. In the years following the war, the tide of settlement flowed in increasing volume into the arid plains, even as wheat prices began to tumble rapidly. The settlement of dry lands during the 1920s had both good and bad results. Prosperous farms were produced on good land with sufficient rainfall. However, on lands with poor soil or insufficient rainfall, new farmers failed; their hopes were shattered.\nlastly, by the great drought of 1934-35. Our century-long struggle with the wilderness has determined the American attitude toward natural resources. To our forefathers, the idea that some day there might not be enough land for everyone seemed absurd. They felt that \u201cthere will be land for the hundredth and the thousandth generation.\u201d To the homesteaders, the forest was a bitter enemy. It had to be destroyed before they could work the farms which would make them independent and comfortable. They believed the land and forests to be endless.\n\nWe are at last aware not only of the economic losses brought about by the destruction of our land but also of the heavy toll it takes on IurnU\u00bbu\u2018Vi, in Desert, March 26 (UPC), famous pilgrims riders, ILIZZARDS, stopping losses, bringing relief to Hard Section.\nAnd Beast Force, Return in. The first storms race, from Kansas West, far as California. The prairie center, the fertile land, services halted; second in Ticijr.n, Onoonke'x, blackens skies at Guymon, Oklahoma, and Texas. Fed just-Bow! Community answered L. The fires again, Col(Z[^G, afflict, Ictim of dust. Form release! From Hopi. Black blizzards, the dust storms, encouraged by overgrazing and unwise cultivation of dry soil, have spread ruin over millions of acres of good land. Ed Applegate, Jr. Human costs - poverty and despair - entailed by the settlement of poor land, by the exhaustion of soil, and by the depletion.\nThe misuse of America's land is a significant problem. In the spring of 1934, great dust storms swept over the West. Where a few weeks before the first green shoots of July wheat had covered the plains, there remained only acres of desert. People died of dust-pneumonia, suffocation, and lung hemorrhages induced by the dust-laden air. A grim message of this disaster was brought to the East in May when soil, carried by the wind 1,500 miles, blotted out the sun in cities along the Atlantic coast.\n\nDust storms had been a serious problem in the West since 1931. They had become increasingly severe in the following years. In 1933 and 1934, they destroyed millions of acres of farmland and left thousands of families homeless and destitute.\nFour million acres of western land and seriously damaged 60 million more. The great drought of 1934 intensified their devastating effects, bringing them to the attention of the whole country. The dust storms were national catastrophes, causing distress and waste to all to some extent. It may be comforting to think of them as unavoidable \"acts of nature.\" However, the sober truth is that their evil effects could have been largely prevented if people had taken the right steps in time.\n\nThe areas devastated by the dust storms were originally grassland where great herds of buffalo grazed. Then, the first settlers came and the buffalo gave way to cattle on the open range. Later, when the era of the cowboy had passed, the land was taken up by homesteaders who converted it to crop production.\nThe grass, whose roots held the topsoil in place, was plowed under. This was a vital mistake, as when drought took the moisture out of the soil, there was nothing to hold it down and the wind blew it away in clouds of dust. This land, only for grazing, should never have been farmed. Wasted dollars. Misused land, dramatically illustrated by the wide-sweeping dust clouds, is costly. It affects the pocketbook of every American. It places a needless burden upon whole communities. Unproductive land, or as it is sometimes called, submarginal land, is economically expensive. Farmers living on such land find it impossible to support themselves. Obviously, they can pay no taxes. Nevertheless, local authorities must provide roads, schools, and, in most cases, some form of poor-relief. Such essential services have brought some county governments into debt.\nIn the cut-over forest sections of the Lake States, some counties drove families to bankruptcy. In one county, a study was conducted on this issue. In one county, it was discovered that 28 families stranded on isolated, unproductive farms cost the local government an average of $185 a year each for the transportation of their children to and from school. The cost of school maintenance is not included in this sum. The same families paid an average annual tax of $10.80 a year. This means that the other taxpayers of the county had to subsidize the residence of these people at a rate of over $5,000 a year. In another case, the county had to spend $90.80 for each of several families merely to keep open the roads leading to their isolated dwellings. This cost amounted to 13 times the total tax paid by these families.\nAftermath: Livestock and crops destroyed, homes deserted, land devastated. Resettlement Administration photo.\n\nA striking example of excessive costs due to settlement on poor land can be found in three counties of a State in the Great Plains region. Continued drought has made the land useless for farming in large parts of these counties. At first, poverty-stricken families were cared for by the county. When the burden became too heavy, outside agencies extended their help. The Red Cross brought food and clothing and medical aid. Emergency feed and crop loans were made to farmers by the Federal Government. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation tried to help large farm organizations, while the Federal Emergency Relief Administration prevented starvation when other means failed.\n\nIt is estimated that since 1930, approximately $7,000,000 has been spent.\nThe money spent in these three counties has not been used constructively. It has only kept people alive in their struggle against overwhelming natural forces. The lack of rainfall makes the land unsuitable for crop farming. Grazing is the only use to which the physical qualities of the land are suited. The only permanent solution is to turn this district into a cattle range.\n\nHuman costs\n\nThe immediate dollars-and-cents cost of misusing the land is higher taxes. There are other costs in suffering and social decay that are far more serious and enduring. In 1930, nearly 1 million farm families \u2013 15% of the total \u2013 had an income per family of less than $400. This does not mean $400 in cash. It includes the value of all farm products, whether sold or consumed at home.\nThese are cold figures. They do not give one a real understanding of the condition of these 5 million of our people. The shacks they live in rival the worst slums of the big cities. Grinding poverty takes its heavy toll in disease and ignorance. This does not square with the American idea of the free and independent farmer.\n\nThese conditions are not the product of a single cause. It is unfair to put the blame solely on the individuals themselves. \"Go west, young man\" has for generations been the national formula for achieving economic independence. There was no way the people who followed this advice could discover what land was unfit for farming. We see today the results of their unavoidable mistakes. Nor can the farmers who exhausted good land by wasteful methods of cultivation be entirely condemned. Only comparatively recently have more efficient methods been discovered.\nEveryone has access to reliable information about agriculture. However, land abuse may have occurred, and the farming of poor land is a major cause of rural poverty today. Million poor farm families live primarily in what are called \"problem\" areas. In these areas, forests have been cut over, or erosion has washed away the fertile topsoil, or the land has been exhausted, or rainfall is insufficient. Successful farming is a physical impossibility. When attempted, the costs, human and financial, are heavy. The whole nation has an interest in changing this.\n\nTestimonials to Folly:\n\nWe all understand and want to eliminate poverty, distress, and unnecessary taxes. However, if our efforts to do so are to be successful, we must end the misuse of the land. Poor land must be put to better use.\nThis land must be used in a profitable way, both for the present and the future. In other words, it must be conserved. Why can't this land be farmed? If it cannot be farmed, what can it be used for? These are the questions the land conservationist must answer.\n\nIn some cases, the land has never been, and never can be, farmed successfully. For example, in most cut-over forest areas, no treatment of the land can make crop farming profitable. In other cases, the soil was originally fertile but has been exhausted or eroded away.\n\nTwo types of land can often be used for forestry. In this way, it can be made to yield a profit. At the same time, it can serve in aid of flood control and provide a refuge for wild game, as well as a place for camping and recreation.\n\nAnother tragedy following unwise use of land: the flooding. Two types of land can often be used for forestry to address this issue. In this way, it can yield a profit while also contributing to flood control and providing a habitat for wildlife, in addition to camping and recreational opportunities.\nIn general, the question of whether any particular land is capable of supporting farm families of normal ability is dependent on three factors: soil, topography, and climate. Improper farming practices contribute to some extent to soil depletion; but erosion, which in some cases has been induced by improper farming practices, is regarded as its arch-enemy. A certain amount of erosion is inevitable. However, the rapidity with which our land has been wasted in this manner is attributable to human faults.\n\nThe great dust storms demonstrated what ruin could be caused by wind erosion. The cost of erosion by water is still greater. For example, in the Mississippi Valley, drained by the Missouri, Ohio, and Mississippi rivers, 25 percent of the tilled lands have been stripped to the subsoil.\n\nThe Mississippi Valley Committee, which estimates the loss\nErosion in this region causes damages worth $200 million annually, as described in the report: \"Once smiling regions become a desolate testimonial to man's inability to cope with the harsh topography. Topography significantly influences farming success or failure. Rough topography imposes a severe handicap on farmers. Steep slopes do not encourage the use of machinery that can be profitably utilized on level lands. While steep slopes discourage extensive farming, they do, however, encourage soil erosion. In many parts of the Southern Appalachian Mountains, the top layer of earth, where productivity elements are found, washes away so quickly from the sloping fields that the rich soil becomes unproductive just 3 or 4 years after it has been cleared and plowed. Climate is the primary issue in the western Great Plains.\"\nInsufficient rainfall frequently makes farming impractical in these areas. However, pasture grasses, suitable for grazing, will grow where grains will not. Thousands of farm families have been thrown on the relief rolls in the drier sections of the Plains due to human distress and higher taxes, as well as the destruction of fertile soil. These are the costs of misusing land, a problem not to be taken lightly.\n\nThe remedy: The Federal Land Use Program\n\nThe spoliation of our forests and minerals has become common knowledge since Theodore Roosevelt and Gifford Pinchot launched the first major drive to conserve our natural resources a generation ago.\nIt became recognized that the conservation of natural resources was an equally important duty of the Federal and State Governments. But it was not until 1933 that the first steps were actually undertaken to revise basically the national land policy of the United States, not only to conserve soil, but also \u2013 and this is a matter of great importance \u2013 to effect a proper readjustment of land and population. Human lives and communities whose economy depended upon land resources became a vital concern of government.\n\nIn September 1933, the Soil Conservation Service was established to check the process of erosion by wind and water. In the next year, the National Resources Board made a special analysis of the land problem and of the Mississippi Valley as a whole.\n\nIn 1934, a program of rural rehabilitation was started to help farmers.\nfarmers on relief, who had good land, to become self-supporting. Agricultural experts advised them on methods of farming, and small loans were advanced to enable them to buy seed and implements.\n\nDevastation\nWith timber gone and soil eroding, the land lies barren and unused.\n\nInsecurity\nGhost town, abandoned when forest resources were exhausted by unwise exploitation.\n\nAt the same time, Congress felt it was necessary to prevent further settlement on unproductive land. The Taylor Act of 1934 closed the unappropriated public domain to further homesteading and provided for the organization of grazing districts out of suitable public lands.\n\nThe greatest task was to remedy the mistakes that had already been made. Certain areas where both the land and the agriculture had suffered from previous mismanagement required extensive restoration efforts.\nThe people who depended on these areas for livelihood had suffered greatly. It was proposed to transform these zones into forests, grasslands, game preserves, or whatever they were naturally suited for. In the beginning, this work was carried out by the land program of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration. The Agricultural Adjustment Administration cooperated and provided experts from its Land Policy Section to oversee the work in various regions. On May 1, 1935, the land program was transferred by executive order to the Resettlement Administration. It is now organized as the Division of Land Utilization under the direction of Dr. L. C. Gray, who has directed the land policy work of the United States Department of Agriculture for 17 years.\nThe Resettlement Administration is purchasing 9 million acres of land. To carry out its program, $46,000,000 has been made available to the Division of Land Utilization, which will also direct the work of improving the land. To finance the cost of converting these areas to their new uses, the President has allocated $18,000,000, a sum which is providing employment for 209 projects. Some tracts being improved cover only 35 acres and are to be converted into wayside picnic grounds. Others, the largest of which, located in the western plains, contain 1 million acres, are to be converted into grazing lands.\n\nProductive Use: Careful farming on good land, a means to real security.\nMisuse: Poverty is the chief consequence of farming poor land.\nAll lands purchased will be used for a combination of forestry, recreation, and wildlife conservation. Projects may be classified as primarily for grazing, recreation, migratory water-fowl protection, or Indian rehabilitation.\n\nAll families living on the farms being purchased will be given an opportunity to move to better land. There are currently 16,800 families occupying the tracts selected for purchase. Approximately half of these families will be able to resettle on better land without government assistance beyond the purchase of their current farms. The resettlement of the remaining 8,400 families is underway.\nThe Division of Rural Resettlement of the Resettlement Administration is taking charge of the purchase of good land for new farms. The plans for resettling people vary with local conditions and their own wishes and abilities. Each family will be helped to acquire a farm that involves the smallest possible change in their way of life and type of farming to which they are accustomed. Some new farms will be in the county where the family currently lives. In other cases, it will be necessary to move a greater distance to find suitable land. There are two kinds of resettlement projects: the community type and the infiltration type. In the first, the community project, a large tract of good land is divided into separate farms for the new settlers. The settlement is established as a community, with communal facilities and services. In the infiltration type, settlers are placed on small farms scattered throughout an area, blending in with the existing population and farming practices.\nThe settlement of new families in a new locality necessitates the provision of new schools and other services. This is part of the work of the Division of Rural Resettlement. When it is not necessary to organize a new community, families are settled according to a second plan, that of the \"infiltration\" project. In the infiltration projects, families are scattered through existing farm communities in small enough numbers.\n\n55,000 men are employed by the Resettlement Administration to increase the public usefulness of poor land bought by the Resettlement Administration. Planting black locusts in North Carolina, making a park and forest out of poor land bought by the Resettlement Administration. Hardy pasture grasses fatten livestock and protect the soil from wind and rain.\n\nGrazing Land\n(Photo by Ralph Steiner)\n\nNumbers of families are not to overburden local schools and other public facilities.\nThese farms are being purchased by the Resettlement Administration and will be rented and in some cases sold, after a trial period, to new settlers. Agricultural experts' advice will be offered to them through the Agricultural Extension Service. The aim is to give them all a chance to achieve economic independence and the self-respect and comfort corollary to it.\n\nRegrowth in the Mid-West: A Forestry Project\n\nThe Bean Blossom project in southern Indiana is an example of what is being done to remedy the misuse of land and to help the people who have suffered from it. The land being improved is located in the southern part of the State in what was once a productive forest area. The soils of this region vary greatly in quality. Some tracts, if properly treated, can be successfully farmed, but much of the land is too poor for agriculture.\nPeople came to Bean Blossom to work in lumber camps, sawmills, and other enterprises supported by the forest. Farming was a side line. When the forest had been completely cut over, employment stopped. Many people migrated to the cities. Others left for the still available farm lands in the West. But a large number stayed on and tried to make a living by farming the poor land. To supplement their meager incomes, they cut down and sold second-growth trees as soon as they were large enough for use as cordwood or railroad ties. During the depression, more people came to the county hoping to support themselves by farming. Farming such land has produced little but distress. In contrast to farmers living on nearby good land, people in the Bean Blossom area are poor, badly housed, and often underfed.\nThe land itself is rapidly losing its little fertility. Fields have been exhausted and abandoned to erosion by wind and rain. RURAL ZONING Regulations help keep this land in productive use. Unzoned land, which is situated across the road from the zoned area shown in the preceding picture, should grow trees on this rocky land that was unwisely cleared and now lies abandoned. Water could be utilized there. However, the poverty of the inhabitants forces them to cut down young trees as soon as they are worth anything. The people do not have the capital to turn the land into a profitable use. The poverty of individuals has burdened the state and county. Schools and roads must be provided for communities that contribute little to the public revenue.\nThe unnecessary use of relief is a drain on public resources. The present land use in the Bean Blossom area offers no hope for future betterment. Without help, there is no way out for these people. They are not trained to work in factories, and there are not enough jobs in the city as it is. They cannot move onto better land without money. To enable these people to do the work they know and prefer, and to put this land to its best use in the interest of future generations, is a task the Government alone can undertake.\n\nTo remedy the evils in the Bean Blossom project, the Best-settlement Administration is doing two things effectively. First, it is buying poor land and reforesting it. Second, it is helping farmers move to better land. An obvious result will be to relieve State and county of heavy expenditures on schools, roads, and relief.\nOn purchased properties, trees will be planted, erosion checked, and walks and camping places will be built. Wildlife and public recreation will be encouraged. The entire area will benefit from these improvements. Instead of poor farm land rapidly wasting away, there will be forest land of constantly growing value. The whole area will be turned over to the State of Indiana for administration, along with other State-owned forest land nearby.\n\nProject in the Milk River district in the Montana plains is a similar venture. Settlers in this district have tried to use land for crop farming on which the soil is too dry to yield a marketable crop except in unusually wet years. A new home on good land means a new chance for a self-respecting life.\n\nResettlement Administration photo.\nThe results in Indiana have been poverty, tax delinquency, and excessive expense for local governments. Large relief payments and crop and feed loans in year after year of drought have brought no improvement. This land cannot be farmed at a profit; the dust-burned homesteads of farmers are permanent liabilities to those who live on them and to the county, state, and nation. The land cannot be farmed, but it is by nature well-suited for grazing. However, the holdings of most present farmers, ranging from 320 to 640 acres, are too small to be turned into ranches. The Resettlement Administration proposes to buy their land, join it with other tracts in this district that are owned by the Government, and make of it all a large grazing range. No one\nA man can sell if he chooses not to. An irrigation project runs through the center of this area, which still has land open for settlement. Farmers moving from their dry tracts will be helped to settle on this irrigated land where crop farming can be successfully carried out. Others will become stock raisers, having a small acreage of the irrigated land where they can grow winter feed for their cattle. The grazing area formed by their old farms and adjoining public lands will give them a place to run their cattle during the temperate months.\n\nCertain lands within the county will, of course, continue in grain farming. Wherever crop cultivation has proven to be a success, no attempt is made to change the use of the land. This vast area, devastated by drought and dust storms, which...\nIn the eastern part of the United States, large hilly regions with steep hills, poor soil, valleys, and rushing streams, which cannot be used profitably in private ownership, can instead be turned into beautiful parks for the general welfare. The Resettlement Administration buys out unproductive farms, giving stranded families an opportunity to start anew. Poor farm land is converted into productive forests, recreation areas, and wildlife habitats. The farm land where the farmhouse in the upper picture is situated will become a part of the Brown County forest area shown in the lower photo.\nIn New England, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Indiana, Michigan, and other thickly populated States, the Resettlement Administration is buying areas of this kind, comprising several thousands of acres each. Under the technical supervision of the National Park Service, trails, roads, cabins, and camping places will be built and made available for public use. The land selected for these projects lies in each case within 50 miles of a large industrial population. Their short distance from the cities will make it easy for people of limited means to use them. These regions now inaccessible to the public and virtually useless will be made sources of pleasure and health for present and future generations.\n\nRural Zoning\n\nThe Government cannot, and does not intend, to purchase all the lands which are being unwisely used. Great efforts are being made, however, to acquire as much land as possible for public use and enjoyment.\nReliance must be placed on encouraging private landowners to improve their use of the land. States and counties must be helped in their efforts to husband our natural resources. \"Land use planning\" is the term applied to this work of devising means to better the use of land, whether privately or publicly owned.\n\nRural zoning is one of the most effective methods of promoting the wise use of privately owned land. Just as in the cities, zoning regulations prevent undesirable building, rural zoning can prevent land from being used in ways that result in public waste.\n\nThis system has been best applied in Wisconsin, where isolated settlers on unproductive land had for years been a great burden on public revenues. Zoning ordinances, based on careful land-classification maps made by the State university, have been adopted by the counties in accordance with a State law.\nEnabling act. Areas unsuited to farming are designated as restricted areas. They may be used for forestry, summer homes, hunting cabins, and the like. No permanent settlement is allowed. This means that public expenditures on roads and Resettlement Administration are reduced. RECREATION AREA Thousands will play where these few farm families are now struggling with poor land. Schools are much less if there were families living there year-round. The Division of Land Utilization of the Resettlement Administration is studying ways to apply this method of control in other States and problem areas. The States can also restrict the wasteful use of those lands which have reverted to them because of unpaid taxes. Properties which have been seized in lieu of taxes are usually sold again as soon as possible, subjecting new families to vain effort.\nAnd a heartbreaking defeat, adding to the burden of county and State finances. It is recognized as a better plan to sell only that land which will enable its settlers to become self-sufficient. The remainder can be held as public domain in the form of forest land or pasture. These are two ways the States are helping in the common task. It is recognized that our land can be conserved only by the cooperation of national and local authorities. Attached to the Division of Land Utilization are experts in land planning who consult with State agricultural and conservation officials, thus making certain that the interests of both State and Nation will be considered and the advantages of their combined experience will be utilized.\n\nAn investment in the future\nThe work of land improvement and resettlement will yield significant returns.\nThe immediate benefits include the removal of an excessive burden from public revenues, relief of human distress, and the creation of new forests, grazing areas, and parks, which will provide direct and tangible advantages to the country. However, these immediate benefits are overshadowed by the immense importance of this work for the future. Its success will ensure that our land will always support our people, and a large part of our people will always be able to live on the land.\n\nThe funds being spent and the work being done is above all an investment in the future happiness and welfare of America.\n\nLand classification maps, showing results of field examinations, are an aid to intelligent land use.\n\nCareful land use means conservation of forest, waters, and scenic beauties.\n\nU.S. Government Printing Office: I\n\nCareful land use is essential for the conservation of forests, waters, and scenic beauties.", "source_dataset": "Internet_Archive", "source_dataset_detailed": "Internet_Archive_LibOfCong"},
{"language": "eng", "scanningcenter": "capitolhill", "sponsor": "The Library of Congress", "contributor": "The Library of Congress", "date": "1936", "title": "Away with the circus,", "creator": "Wise, Winifred Esther, 1906-", "lccn": "36031238", "collection": ["library_of_congress", "fedlink", "americana"], "shiptracking": "ST011106", "partner_shiptracking": "IAGC151", "call_number": "5960979", "identifier_bib": "00024528169", "lc_call_number": "PZ7.W78 Aw", "publisher": "Chicago, A. Whitman & Co.", "description": ["157 p. incl. col. front., illus., plates. 21 cm", "Illustrated lining-papers", "\"Junior Press books.\""], "mediatype": "texts", "repub_state": "19", "page-progression": "lr", "publicdate": "2019-06-19 10:13:16", "updatedate": "2019-06-19 11:19:32", "updater": "associate-richard-greydanus@archive.org", "identifier": "awaywithcircus00wise", "uploader": "associate-richard-greydanus@archive.org", "addeddate": "2019-06-19 11:19:34", "possible-copyright-status": "The Library of Congress is unaware of any copyright restrictions for this item.", "note": "If you have a question or comment about this digitized item from the collections of the Library of Congress, please use the Library of Congress \u201cAsk a Librarian\u201d form: <a href=\"https://www.loc.gov/rr/askalib/ask-internetarchive.html\">https://www.loc.gov/rr/askalib/ask-internetarchive.html</a>", "operator": "associate-saw-thein@archive.org", "tts_version": "2.1-final-2-gcbbe5f4", "camera": "Sony Alpha-A6300 (Control)", "scanner": "scribe2.capitolhill.archive.org", "imagecount": "174", "scandate": "20190702113239", "ppi": "300", "republisher_operator": "associate-melanie-zapata@archive.org", "republisher_date": "20190703175928", "republisher_time": "501", "foldoutcount": "0", "identifier-access": "http://archive.org/details/awaywithcircus00wise", "identifier-ark": "ark:/13960/t8gf8jf47", "scanfee": "300;10.7;214", "invoice": "36", "openlibrary_edition": "OL6345396M", "openlibrary_work": "OL6694126W", "curation": "[curator]admin-andrea-mills@archive.org[/curator][date]20190906122214[/date][state]approved[/state][comment]invoice201907[/comment]", "sponsordate": "20190731", "additional-copyright-note": "No known restrictions; no copyright renewal found.", "external-identifier": "urn:oclc:record:1156104900", "backup_location": "ia906906_0", "oclc-id": "4757898", "ocr_module_version": "0.0.21", "ocr_converted": "abbyy-to-hocr 1.1.37", "page_number_confidence": "89", "page_number_module_version": "1.0.3", "creation_year": 1936, "content": "[Jerry and Julie Look Down the Tracks . 13, The Circus Train . 21, The Luck Stones . 31, Heart of the United States . 43, Circus Life . 53, A Great City . 63, Jerry Is a Hero . 71, A Million Years Ago . 81, Runaway Elephants . 91, Giants of Today . 101, Jerry Runs Away . Ill, Jerry\u2019s Night in the City . 121, Grandmother\u2019s Dress . 133, Julie\u2019s Airplane Ride . 141, Home Again . 151]\n\nContents\n\nJerry and Julie Look Down the Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\nThe lions and tigers hated each other. They saw a great ocean-going ship. \"Here is your jungle,\" the elephants had to push them out. Julie talked to Grandmother. That time he managed a footing. Jerry was sure he would fall out. The stairs moved steadily up. They passed a big red-and-silver airplane. \"It's the loveliest dress I ever saw!\"\n\nJerry and Julie lived with their grandmother and their dog Sassafras in a little house a few miles from town. Jerry was young, strong, and full of life. His sister Julie was sixteen, a year younger than Jerry. She was pretty as a honey-suckle blossom. Their house stood near the railroad tracks which ran out into the world in two silver bands. When the engine came down the tracks with its long tail of cars, the.\nengineer always waved at Julie, and she waved back. Jerry said, \"I wish I could go along with him and see what it's like where I've never been. I want to see all the people, and the cities and the boats out there.\"\n\n\"You stop dreaming and cut that wood, Jeremiah,\" scolded his grandmother, who was very old and very wise.\n\nSo Jerry went to work chopping the wood and piling the sticks in neat little rows. But he couldn't help wondering what it was like at the end of the train tracks.\n\n\"Julie,\" he said, \"what do you suppose it's like out there?\"\n\nNow Julie knew perfectly what her brother meant by his question because the very same thought was in her mind. It was that very question which always sent her imagination soaring.\nHer flying out of the house to watch the train roar by and then speed away out of sight. But today she was tired of wondering without ever being able to know, and that made her contrary. She did not turn politely to answer her brother, but stood staring off into the distance and said, \u201cOut where?\u201d\n\nJerry picked up his axe and swung it sharply into a stick of wood. The wood split in two.\n\n\u201cOut where!\u201d he repeated impatiently. \u201cOut in the world, of course.\u201d\n\nThe train had passed out of sight now, so Julie turned away from the tracks and came over to Jerry.\n\nShe said, \u201cI don\u2019t know what it\u2019s like out there any more than you, Jerry. What do you guess it\u2019s really like out there?\u201d\n\nJerry thought for a minute. \u201cOf course, we\u2019ve read about it in books at school. There are great cities with tall buildings that reach into the sky. There are broad highways and vast open spaces.\u201d\nroads with autos and street cars racing along. They\u2019ve even built street car tracks above the city and dug tunnels below for trains.\n\nJerry and Julie look down the tracks below for trains. Then there are telephones. Everyone in the city has a telephone.\n\n\"Everyone?\" Julie questioned.\n\n\"Well, most everyone,\" Jerry said.\n\n\"We know what it's like, in a way,\" Julie said. \"But we don't really know.\"\n\nJerry nodded. \"Reading about it in books isn't enough. It just makes you want to know more.\"\n\n\"That's so,\" Julie agreed. \"I guess there's only one way to really know. And that's to go see for ourselves. And it doesn't look as if we're ever going to be able to go.\"\n\n\"Julie! Julie!\" their grandmother called. \"You come in now and wash the dishes.\"\n\nJulie went in. And Jerry went back to chopping his wood. When he had enough wood chopped and piled,\nHe carried it into the house. Then he whistled for Sassafras and they went for the mail. Jerry always went for the mail eagerly. Most of the time, though, he came back empty-handed. But today there was a letter. And Jerry knew from the writing that the letter came from Uncle Bill, Grandmother\u2019s son, who had left home many long years ago. He ran home swiftly, with Sassafras barking happily at his heels.\n\n\"Grandmother, look! A letter from Uncle Bill!\"\n\"Goodness! Goodness!\" Grandmother said, and wiped her eyes with the corner of her apron. \"I wonder where my glasses are.\"\n\nJulie and Jerry both helped their grandmother find her glasses. Then they sat down to listen, while she read aloud.\n\n\"It looks as if I won't be able to see you this year,\" Uncle Bill wrote.\n\n\"Tish, tish,\" their grandmother shook her head.\nFor years, Uncle Bill had promised to come see them but never got there. However, he always remembered to send a big box with presents for Grandmother and Jerry and Julie at Christmas.\n\n\"I had hoped to see you for sure this year,\" their grandmother read on, \"but when you travel with a circus, you can't suit yourself\u2014especially when you're head elephant keeper.\"\n\nGrandmother paused in her reading and said, \"Well, I guess there's something to that!\"\n\nShe continued reading. \"But this year it does seem a pity that I won't be able to see you because I'm coming so close. I suppose Jerry's a pretty big boy now, and Julie, too, must be almost grown up. I was thinking about Jerry and Julie. Look, down the tracks.\"\n\n\"Mercy!\" Grandmother exclaimed.\nJerry said, \"Do you suppose we can see the animals at the cars?\"\n\"I don't see why he can't stop for a minute,\" Julie replied.\n\"Ho-ho,\" Jerry laughed. \"Stop a whole circus train just for one man to see us!\"\nFeeling foolish after that, Julie kept very still. And their grandmother read on. \"Now, if you lived in a larger town, we'd stop and put up our tents, and Jerry and Julie could have the time of their lives.\"\n\"A small town's good enough for me,\" their grandmother sniffed. \"He can have all the cities he wants. I like to breathe clean, fresh air, and hear the birds sing when I get up in the morning.\"\nWhen their grandmother had finished reading the letter and put it away in the drawer with all the rest of Uncle Bill's letters, Jerry and Julie sat on, thinking.\nGrandmother said, \"Why don't you finish your work?\"\nAnd, get Melissa and George and go for a picnic? I'll pack you a lunch.\nBut, Grandmother! We might miss seeing the circus train, Jerry said.\nAway with the Circus.\nTheir grandmother was very old and had learned not to waste her time waiting for uncertain things.\nShe said, Most likely it won't come for a day or two yet, and you'll just lose your whole afternoon.\nJulie said, But it might come!\nSo their grandmother shrugged her shoulders and said, Well, suit yourselves!\n\nThe Circus Train\n\nWhen the moon was full, Sassafras howled at it all night long or ran through the woods. Early the next morning, he began to bark excitedly. Jerry jumped out of bed and across to the door. Sassafras was barking at a huge animal with a rough gray hide, loose as an old suit of clothes. It was pulling up the sweet potato vines in the garden.\n\"Jerry exclaimed, \"Jumping catfish! It's an elephant!\" He donned his clothes and rushed outside. Just then, a smiling, red-faced man approached and stroked the elephant's trunk. The giant animal followed him obediently. Jerry's eyes widened further when he saw red, blue, and yellow cars on the railroad tracks. He read aloud, \"BROWN'S CIRCUS AND WILD ANIMAL SHOW.\" A circus in his own backyard!\n\nSoon, the red-faced man returned and asked, \"You're Jeremiah Collins, aren't you?\"\n\n\"Yes,\" Jerry replied. \"And you're my Uncle Bill?\"\n\nUncle Bill chuckled warmly. \"Your Uncle Bill, indeed?\" he said, laughing again.\n\n\"But Uncle Bill, I thought...\" Jerry began.\n\nUncle Bill nodded. \"You received my letter, then?\"\nThis proves that once in a lifetime, a miracle happens. The circus train broke down right here in your back yard, and we're stuck here for the rest of the day.\n\n\"Whew!\" Jerry whistled. \"Can you imagine that!\"\n\n\"And now, where's your grandmother? I want to surprise her.\"\n\nJerry led him to the house.\n\n\"Sh-sh,\" Uncle Bill warned him.\n\nHe tiptoed into the house and stood behind the old woman, who was cooking breakfast. When she turned around and saw him, she nearly dropped the frying pan.\n\n\"Oh, Bill!\" she cried. \"It's been so long, so long!\"\n\nShe shed tears of joy as he held her very tightly in his arms. Her son could stay but a short time, for he had to get back to his work with the circus. Since they were stuck for at least a day, the big boss had decided to pitch the tents right where they were and give the performances there.\nThe Circus Treat of a lifetime for people who had never seen a real circus before.\n\n\"You don't mean that we're having a circus here!\" Jerry exclaimed.\n\n\"That's what I mean,\" Uncle Bill replied. \"And it's the best thing we could possibly do since we're stopped. Gives the circus people something to do and lets the animals out of the cars for a while.\"\n\n\"And gives me the chance to see you!\" Grandmother said, kissing Uncle Bill before letting him go.\n\nAs he went out the door, he called back to Grandmother, \"I'll be here again tonight before we leave.\"\n\nJerry followed him, and Uncle Bill laughed, \"I've never yet met a boy who didn't want to work around a circus. Come along and give the men a hand.\"\n\nJerry's knees shook as he helped the men run the wagon cages of animals down from the flat cars to the ground.\nGround. Sleepy lions yawned behind the iron bars of their cages, showing fierce white teeth and red mouths. Black bears walked up and down. A big tiger looked hungrily at Jerry as though he'd like to eat him for breakfast. Before the horses were hitched to the wagons, Jerry helped to rub them down. He also held the ropes when the men raised the big brown circus tents in a field.\n\nAway with the Circus\n\nPretty girls with feathers in their hats rode by on snow-white horses. Cowboys chased Indians. Clowns painted broad, red smiles on their faces and turned handsprings. Everyone was laughing and talking.\n\nThen drums beat, and a horn blew loud and clear. \"Hurry, Jerry! Put on these clothes and ride with us in the circus parade,\" shouted Uncle Bill. \"We've got to let people know we're here so they'll come to the show.\"\nHe threw Jerry a tall white hat and a bright blue suit with gold buttons, and Jerry hurried into the gay clothes. Jerry climbed to the top of a wagon and sat down with the band. Away they went at the head of the circus parade, playing turn, turn, t-t-TUM, turn, t-t-tum, turn, TUM, turn. Jerry was up so high that a tree branch almost knocked him off the wagon. He held onto his tall hat and looked down at the crowds, who had heard the wonderful news of the circus and come running from all the country around. He had never before in his life seen so many people.\n\n\"Hi there, Jerry,\" shouted somebody. \"Hi, there! Hi!\" People called and waved to him all along the streets of the town.\n\nJerry sat up straight and was proud as a judge. When they got back to the field, Uncle Bill handed him a dolphin. Jerry was as proud as a judge.\n\nThe Circus Train.\nLar and three tickets to the circus. Jerry took off his white hat and blue suit, and ran towards Melissa\u2019s house. But, when he saw her at the front gate, he slowed down and walked as though he had just happened that way.\n\n\"Hello, Jerry,\" she called. \"I saw you in the parade. You looked smart as a rooster.\"\n\n\"I've tickets for you and me to go to the circus this afternoon, 'Lissy,\" Jerry replied.\n\n\"Oh, Jerry,\" Melissa cried in delight. \"I'll wear my new yellow dress.\"\n\nThe circus parade had awakened the town. Front doors in all the little houses up and down the streets were opening wide to let everyone out to the circus. Jerry, Melissa, and Julie hurried to find seats in the big circus tent. The band played a lively tune that made their feet dance. Already, people sat row upon row \u2014 hundreds of people.\n\nThe elephants and camels marched in two by two.\nThe animals entered the Ark. A beautiful queen sat on a gold throne with a king; their crowns sparkled with diamonds.\n\n\"She'll fall off!\" cried Julie as she saw a girl in a full white skirt standing on the back of a galloping horse.\n\nFar above the crowds, a man walked along a wire, holding an umbrella to balance himself. Men and women leaped across from swing to swing high in the tent.\n\nWhen a trainer cracked her whip, a lion jumped through a ring of fire. Jerry, Melissa, and Julie were breathless.\n\nAfterwards, Jerry met Uncle Bill. \"Well, how did you and the girls like the show?\" asked the man.\n\n\"It was great. I could look at it for a month of Sundays,\" answered Jerry. \"Gee, I wish I had a job with the circus.\"\n\n\"I'd like to take you along. You're just the sort of person I'm looking for.\"\nUncle Bill thought for a few minutes. \"I can fix it up for you. We need another strong young fellow,\" he said.\n\n\"You mean - you can get me a job with the circus?\" Jerry couldn't believe what he heard.\n\n\"Surely do. Five dollars a week, and your meals and a place to sleep. Remember, though, it will be more hard work than fun,\" Uncle Bill explained.\n\n\"I'd rather have that job than jump over the moon,\" Jerry exclaimed. \"But - I'll have to ask my grandmother first.\"\n\nHe left the two girls and ran off to the little house. At first, his grandmother said he couldn't go with Uncle Bill. Then she said, \"Yes,\" and, \"No,\" again, rocking faster and faster in her chair.\n\nJerry was far too big to cry, but he felt like doing it. Instead, he went outside and sat down near the pump, thinking how wonderful it would be to go away with the circus.\nThe grandmother put her old hand on Jeremiah's shoulder and said, \"You can go, Jeremiah, if they'll take Julie too. She'll see that you don't pick up bad ways. You two young birds are ready to fly out of the nest.\"\n\nJulie came home just then, and Jerry told her the news. She was so excited that she ran faster than he did back to Uncle Bill. He asked her, \"What can you do, Julia?\"\n\n\"I can work hard,\" she answered quickly. \"I can cook and sew and wash clothes. I'll be a big help to the circus people.\"\n\n\"All right,\" said her uncle. \"You and Jerry be ready tonight when the train pulls out.\"\n\nJerry and Julie ran around the house like chickens. They didn't know where to begin to get ready. Julie started to mend her stockings and calico dresses, but she stuck her finger with the needle. Jerry went out.\nTheir grandmother had packed all their things in leather bags, even Julie's looking glass. She opened an old teapot, in which were two white stones wrapped in dried moss. One was marked with an \"L,\" and the other with a \"J.\" The letters were a part of each stone.\n\n\"What are those?\" cried Jerry and Julie. \"We have never seen them before.\"\n\n\"They are two stones from the throat of a strange fish,\" began their grandmother. \"My mother gave them to me. She had them a long, long time, almost before she could remember. One stone brings you good luck, and one brings you bad.\"\n\nGrandmother was very old and very wise, and she said, \"You must have the bad luck with the good.\"\nHot pepper in the stew. It makes the meat taste better. Put out your hand, Julia, and you too, Jeremiah.\n\n\"I have the stone with the 'L',\" cried Julie.\n\n\"I got the 'JV' said Jerry, looking at it hard. That's the bad luck stone. I know it.\"\n\nAway with the Circus.\n\n\"Yes, it is,\" replied his grandmother. \"It stands for 'joker,' a mean sort of bad luck that laughs at you.\"\n\n\"Take it back, Granny. I don't want it. Take it back.\"\n\n\"No, Jerry, I won't take it back. If you stay with Julie, her stone will bring good luck to you both. If you run away from her, bad luck will follow you. Remember what I have said.\"\n\nUncle Bill was waiting for them. It was time to go. Jerry and Julie kissed their grandmother very hard.\n\n\"Oh, Granny, we'll be so lonesome for you,\" they cried. \"What shall we bring you when we come back here?\"\n\"Dear children, I said with tears in my eyes, bring me a dress of purple silk. I'm going to live a long time yet, but I want to be buried in a dress of purple silk. Outside, Melissa and George stood. Melissa cried, I've brought you a red necktie to remember me by, Jerry. I won't forget you - ever. I'll be back one of these days. George gave Julie a box of candy tied with a blue ribbon and said, I guess I'll never see another girl so pretty. I'll be thinking about you most of the time. The Luc Stones. Maybe I'll be thinking about you too, whispered Julie into his ear. All aboard! shouted Uncle Bill. He lifted Julie and her bag up the steps of the train. Jerry was following along when he heard a loud barking at his heels. It was Sassafras. Good-bye, good old dog, called Jerry. The train\"\nJulie found herself in a car full of strangers. They were sitting two by two in green seats that faced each other. One woman was so fat that she looked like a big pillow with arms and legs sticking out. But she called to Julie in a friendly way, \"Come sit beside me, girl.\" Julie made herself as small as possible and squeezed into the seat. She could scarcely breathe. Across from them sat a woman with one leg twisted around the other in an odd sort of way.\n\n\"Don't mind her,\" said the Fat Lady. \"She's the lady that ties herself in knots.\"\n\n\"Oh,\" said Julie. She looked at a tiny creature in a cage next to the woman with the twisted leg.\nA woman in a dress and hat approached. The tiny creature smiled and asked in a high-pitched voice, \"Hello. How will you like traveling with the circus?\"\n\n\"Goodness,\" Julie exclaimed. \"I thought you were a baby.\"\n\n\"No, no. I'm older than you, but I'll never grow bigger. I'm a midget,\" the creature replied.\n\nThe Fat Lady laughed and said to Julie, \"Come along. Let's get ready for bed.\"\n\n\"Bed?\" Julie asked, puzzled. \"I don't see any.\" Then she saw a man turning over the seats and making beds out of them. He reached up and pulled down what seemed to be the upper sides of the car. They were beds, too.\n\n\"Surely we have beds, only we call them berths on the train. Upper and lower berths,\" the Fat Lady explained. \"People traveling on trains have to sleep like anyone else.\"\n\n\"Of course,\" answered Julie in a faint voice. She had never been away from home before, and everything seemed so strange.\nShe climbed to an upper berth by a ladder and undressed behind a green curtain. Then she lay down, but did not go to sleep for a long time. She liked Uncle Bill and the other circus people, and was excited about all the wonderful things she would see. The Lucky Stones\n\nShe heard the train wheels carrying her miles away from her grandmother. Julie held her lucky stone tightly in her hand and cried a bit.\n\nWhen she woke up, it was daylight, and the train had stopped. She dressed and went outside, where men were forking hay to the camels and elephants. The monkeys jumped about their cages and screamed. With their wrinkled hands and faces, they looked like funny little old men. Above the noise, Uncle Bill shouted, \"Hurry along to the cook tent, Julie.\"\n\nWhile she set the long tables in the tent, the cook prepared the meals.\nother helpers fried huge platters of bacon and eggs, and sliced enough bread to feed an army. Nobody went hungry in the circus! The cook himself was putting dozens of apple pies in the oven, but he turned around and told Julie to pull up the flag.\n\n\"What flag?\" she asked.\n\n\"Here, I'll show you.\" He raised a flag to the top pole of the tent. \"There. That means EAT to circus people. See them come running!\"\n\nJerry was one of the first to arrive. But Uncle Bill pointed back to a row of small horse-like animals striped black and white, and ordered, \"Jerry, get those zebras out of the water buckets before their stripes run.\"\n\nJerry was obeying when all the men laughed. \"Don't let Bill fool you. Those zebras get dizzy from looking at their own stripes, and they'd kick you out of the circus.\"\nA meaner animal than a zebra was never born. The circus stopped nearly every day in a different town and rarely stayed two days in one place. Almost every night, it packed up after the show and traveled on through the forests, farms, and mountains of the South and East. In many cities, there were cotton mills. Every year, Jerry and Julie picked bags and bags of cotton in the hot sun. Jerry used to drive wagons full of cotton to the gins, where the brown seeds were pulled out. With the money they earned, Jerry and Julie bought cotton cloth for shirts and dresses. They knew a great deal about cotton, but they didn't know how it was made.\nInto a cloth mill, Uncle Bill took them. Here they saw cotton beaten into a soft white down and combed smooth as a girl's hair. Clever machines spun the cotton into fine yarn. Many of the people tending the machines were no older than Jerry or Julie. Big pots of dye colored the yarn blue and yellow and pink.\n\nThen machines, working much faster than men's fingers, wove the yarn over and under, over and under, weaving yards of bright new cloth.\n\n\"My!\" said Julie to Uncle Bill. \"If you owned this cotton mill, I'd make you give me a pretty new dress every single day.\"\n\n\"Perhaps I would,\" laughed Uncle Bill. \"Anyway, I'd be rich enough to do it.\"\n\nHeart of the United States\nIV\n\nBack at home, Jerry and Julie stood and looked out to where the blue sky met the green land, and wondered what the world was like.\nLying in the summer grass and staring up at the white clouds, they had dreamed of it, placing the things they had read at school into their own hazy dreams. They had talked often. But now, traveling with the circus, they were seeing things more wonderful than they had dreamed of or read about. Sometimes they remembered the day when they had almost given up hope of ever seeing the world for themselves. That day seemed long ago now. Already they felt very much older and far more wise.\n\nOne day, they heard the Atlantic Ocean roaring into shore like an angry beast. But the next day, the great ocean was peaceful, and fishing boats sailed out from harbor. Journeying inland, they saw a white dome rising in matchless splendor. It was the Capitol of the United States.\nUncle Bill spoke as they stood before the Capitol in Washington, \"I want you to explore Washington. If you finish most of your work before ten o'clock tomorrow morning, I'll take you on a tour. We can manage it if we're back at the circus for my elephant act in the afternoon.\"\n\nUncle Bill treated Jerry and Julie as if they were his own children. They were very fond of him. As they exited the sightseeing automobile and ascended the grand steps between the massive white pillars of the Capitol, he explained, \"This is the very heart of the United States. I mean, this is the center of the entire country's government.\"\n\nIn one wing of the Capitol was the House of Representatives, or the lower house of Congress. In another wing was the Senate, or the upper house of Congress. In both houses, Julie and Jerry saw men in action.\nThey were not very friendly and seemed to be quarreling. Uncle Bill explained, \"Some of them want a certain bill to become a law, and others disagree. It's just as if I wanted to make every boy in the country pay five cents every time he caught a fish.\n\n\"Suppose I were a Representative, and Jerry were too. Jerry would get up and say he thought my bill was not fair to the boys. But if enough members of Congress agreed with me, my fish bill would pass in the House of Representatives and in the Senate, and be sent up for the President to sign and make it a law.\n\n\"Then every boy in the country would have to pay five cents for every fish. Of course, laws deal with things far more important than boys' fishing, but they are made in just this way.\"\n\nUncle Bill led the way up the great steps of the United States Capitol.\n\"Could Jerry really be a Representative and make laws?\" asked Julie in surprise.\n\n\"Surely, when he's old enough. So could you,\" Uncle Bill answered. \"You could even be Senators, or President of the United States!\"\n\n\"Think what a mix-up it would be if all the millions of people in this country came to Washington at once and tried to run the government!\" Instead, the people choose men to represent them. Even a few women are chosen nowadays, although no woman has ever been President.\n\n\"When you are twenty-one, you will begin to vote. Then you, too, will have a voice in the government.\"\n\nThey left the Capitol and walked down a street lined with splendid government buildings. One of these was America's treasure house. In it were millions of dollars. Near it, they saw a beautiful white house set in lovely grounds.\n\nAway with the Circus.\n\"That's the White House where the presidents of the United States have lived and worked for well over a hundred years,\" said Uncle Bill. \"Its stones were first painted white to cover up the smoke stains after the British burned it during the War of 1812. Since then, it has always been painted white. So it is called the White House.\n\n\"It looks so pretty!\" cried Julie. \"I think it's just the place where a President ought to live.\n\nThe White House blazes with lights when the President and his wife have parties for many famous people,\" Uncle Bill went on. \"But the President also has visits from people such as you and me. On New Year's Day he shakes hands with thousands.\n\n\"My! I'd like to shake hands with the President,\" Julie cried.\n\n\"Perhaps you will some day,\" answered Uncle Bill.\n\n\"Now, tell me who was the first President of the United States.\"\"\n\"George Washington. He was the father of his country. First in war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his countrymen. What did George Washington do before he was President? He ran a big plantation. Then he led the American armies against the British in the Revolutionary War. He helped to free the American colonies from the British and establish the United States. Why didn't the Americans like the British? Because they didn't want a king ordering them around. The people wanted to be free to govern themselves and make their own laws. Yes, that's just what I was talking about up there in the Capitol. The American people believe that all men should be free and equal.\"\nYou two seem to know a great deal about American history. I wish we had time for a short trip to George Washington\u2019s plantation, the very one you were talking about.\n\n\"Oh, couldn't we?\" asked Julie.\n\nUncle Bill looked at his watch and answered, \"No, we must start back to the circus grounds right away.\"\n\nJulie was sewing on buttons and darning stockings one Monday morning. The buttons went on a clown suit with a big hump in the back where the clown kept a baby pig during the show. The crowd always roared with laughter when he pulled it out, squealing.\n\nThe stockings Julie was darning were long and pink. They belonged to Florabel, who did daring tricks in mid-air from high swings called trapezes. For her act, Florabel wore the pink stockings and a tight pink suit covered with bright spangles. She and Julie were the performers.\nFlorabel and Julie, both of the same age, were good friends. Florabel had been with the circus since birth, as her parents were circus folk. There were many such families with the circus.\n\nAs Florabel sewed, Julie watched over a baby asleep in a trunk near her. The baby belonged to the woman who trained the wild animals. Oscar, the chimpanzee, was chained nearby. When Julie was not looking, this big, man-like ape reached out a long arm and tickled the baby's feet.\n\nJulie shooed him away, but he stole back and tipped over her sewing basket. The spools rolled everywhere. Julie was very angry, but Oscar ran to the end of his chain and climbed upon a cage out of reach.\n\nJust then, an ostrich stretched its long neck out of the bird pen and swallowed a thimble, a darning egg, and two spools of red thread. While Julie was trying to retrieve her supplies, the ringmaster called for the next act.\nTo save the rest of her things, Oscar came and sat down. He tried to thread a needle, and screwed up his face in such a funny way that Julie burst out laughing. Oscar was a good deal like a human being. He often wore clothes and ate with a knife and fork.\n\nSoon Oscar ran off to tease the hippopotamus named Baby. Baby was the best-natured animal in the circus, but she was also the ugliest. She looked something like a huge pig; indeed, she was a pig cousin from Africa.\n\nSometimes Jerry played his banjo and sang a song about Baby that began:\n\n\"I\u2019d surely make an awful fuss\nWere I a hippopotamus.\"\n\nJulie was always careful to stay away from the lion and tiger cages. Though they were often as peaceful as big pussy-cats, one could never tell when they would strike out as quick as lightning with their claws.\n\nThe lions and tigers hated each other.\nThe lions and tigers hated each other and growled fiercely when they did tricks together in the circus tent. The trainer's life was often in danger. Her only weapons were a whip and a kitchen chair. The cats feared the chair because they could not bite all four legs at once.\n\nLion mothers and fathers were good parents and loved their cubs. However, tiger mates were quarrelsome. When a tigress had a cub, the father shook his cage with roars, wanting to kill it. Another jungle cat, the spotted leopard, was such a bad mother that it was a wonder her babies lived at all.\n\nJerry learned much about the animals as he worked about the circus. They all had to be kept clean to be healthy. Every few days, the elephants were swept with brooms, and every week their toenails were cut and polished. Every morning, Jerry rubbed down the horses.\nThe rider scolded if she found a speck of dirt on her beautiful horse and dusted him with a white handkerief to ensure he was clean. Later, Jerry helped take care of the lions, a job he didn't like as the lions raged when he cleaned out their cages with a long iron scraper. One day, he got too near the cage of the biggest lion, a true king of the jungle. Fiercely, the beast clawed Jerry's arm. Though the wound hurt badly, Jerry kept right on with his work. But Uncle Bill saw him and ordered, \"Hurry along to the doctor, or you'll be sorry the rest of your life. You might lose your arm. There's poison in a cat scratch.\" The doctor cleaned Jerry's arm and put medicines on it. \"You got here just in time, boy,\" he said. \"There's poison in a cat scratch.\"\nA bad swelling already. Never let a cut or a scratch go. The poison can run through you like fire. Then Jerry took out the pocket book, in which he was saving his money to buy his grandmother the purple silk dress, and handed the doctor a bill. But the doctor said, \"No.\" That was part of his job in the circus, just as it was part of Jerry's job to help take care of the animals. Jerry was half sick for a week, hot and cold with fever. But he did his work every day just the same. Every day the doctor cleaned his wound with medicine and wrapped it in a clean white cloth. At last Jerry's arm was all right again. He was happy when Uncle Bill said, \"You're the kind of fellow we want in the circus. You do your work the best you can no matter how you feel. And we want you too, Julie.\"\nA Great City VI\n\nUncle Bill was a very important man with the circus, holding one of the hardest jobs - making the herd of elephants behave. Few men could do this, as the elephants became excited at anything strange. Uncle Bill did not make their work easy for Julie and Jerry, but he did grant them a day off occasionally. He encouraged them to see as much as possible while they traveled. When the circus camped near the wide, busy Hudson River, he said, \"The big boss says you can go to New York City tomorrow. It's a sight you'll never forget, but don't get lost. I'll meet you over there at the ferry station in the afternoon.\"\n\nThe next morning, Julie wore her best blue dress.\nWith ruffles, Jerry wore the red necktie Melissa had given him. They polished their shoes and took a ferry boat across the Hudson River. The sun shone on the proud, strong beauty of the giant buildings called skyscrapers.\n\nAway with the Circus.\n\n\"I feel small as an ant,\" cried Julie after they landed. They were walking along a street between the huge buildings. Jerry and Julie had heard and talked about such buildings, but they never had dreamed they were so big.\n\n\"So do I, but I suppose you get used to it if you live here,\" answered Jerry. \"I'd like to climb to the top of one of these skyscrapers.\"\n\n\"Let's try. We'd better take our lunch, though. It'll be a long walk, and we'll get hungry.\"\n\nThey bought ham and bread and apples and started up the stairs of the nearest building. Up and up they went.\nJerry and Julie climbed floor after floor. Julie's legs ached. After stopping to eat their lunch, they continued. At last, Julie sat down on the steps and cried:\n\n\"Jerry, I can't move another inch. It seems to me we've gone miles already.\"\n\n\"Oh, Julie, it can't be much farther. Wait, I'll ask this man.\" Jerry ran up to a man standing in what looked like a small cage. \"Sir, could you tell me how far it is to the top from here?\"\n\n\"Thirty floors\" he answered.\n\n\"Jumping catfish! Julie never can walk that far.\"\n\n\"Walk?\" The man laughed. \"You don't need to walk. Just take this elevator.\"\n\nJerry and Julie stepped into the cage. The elevator man shut a door behind them and pulled a handle. They whizzed upward at breathless speed. Julie felt queer inside; her heart beat fast.\n\n\"Here you are,\" said the elevator man, opening the door.\nFrom a high wall, Jerry and Julie looked over the great city of New York. The city seemed to have no end. Skyscrapers towered around them. Airplanes roared overhead like great birds. Far below in the streets, people were black dots. Automobiles and street cars looked like toys. So did the boats on the river.\n\n\"Gee, this is a big place!\" Jerry whistled.\n\n\"You're right,\" answered a man enjoying the view. \"It's one of the two largest cities in the world \u2014 the other is London.\"\n\n\"But where do people live? I don't see any houses.\"\n\n\"Not from here,\" replied the man. \"Farther out, to be sure, there are houses. But many people live one floor above the other in huge buildings close to their work. Millions live on Manhattan.\nThey couldn't help piling up around the island! \"Where do they raise their food?\" Julie wanted to know. \"There's not a field or garden in sight. Just miles of stone and brick.\" \"The whole country feeds New York,\" answered the man. \"Trains bring in flour from Minnesota, meat from Chicago, vegetables and fruit from the South and West. You don't need to worry about that.\" Before long, it was time to meet Uncle Bill at the ferry station. They pressed the button for the elevator and whizzed down to the street. \"Good-by,\" called the elevator man. \"Don't lose your way.\" \"As though we would,\" Jerry said to Julie. \"I saw how the streets run when we were up in the skyscraper. This is the way we came. No\u2014this is.\" They were lost. Crowds pushed them along the sidewalk. Everyone seemed to know where they were going.\nJerry and Julie were walking along poor, dirty streets filled with ragged children. The people were foreign and spoke in a foreign tongue. It was all very strange, not at all like the America they knew.\n\nSuddenly, they saw black smoke pouring out of a building, and frightened people running to the windows. Big red fire engines dashed up, with bells clanging and whistles blowing. The firemen raised long ladders and carried people safely down. Streams of water shot into the flames. There was a smell of water on burned black wood, and the fire was put out before it could spread from street to street.\n\nJerry was a hero.\n\nThe fire excitement made Jerry and Julie forget that they were lost. But when it was over, they were glad to tell their troubles to a friendly stranger.\nAn Irish policeman directed them to the subway and told them to return to the ferry station. \"Subway? What's that?\" inquired Jerry. \"You'll see,\" the policeman replied, leading them underground via a stairway and showing them where to deposit their fares. Jerry and Julie boarded a train that roared towards them through a long tunnel, then sped away. Julie was frightened by the rapid underground travel and feared they would collide with a skyscraper. The train continued at a disorienting pace, and Jerry and Julie failed to disembark at the ferry station. The tunnel grew dark, with only occasional lighting. \"Where are we?\" Jerry asked the man seated next to him. \"Under the river,\" came the response. Under the Hudson River, Jerry and Julie anticipated hearing the water rush upon them.\nWhen the train stopped and most people got out, Jerry and Julie followed in fear and haste. They didn't choose to be left alone under the river. They climbed a stairway. Much to their surprise, they came out on a street. They were on the other side of the river \u2014 back in New Jersey again! Not far away was the ferry station where they had taken the boat that very morning. Soon they were traveling back across the river \u2014 on top of it, not under it, this time. From the deck of the ferry boat, they saw a great ocean-going ship coming in, a queen of the sea that towered over them. It was a wonderful sight. Jerry and Julie knew they would not forget it soon. When they reached New York, they found Uncle Bill at the ferry station. He had been waiting two hours and was very anxious, but the story of their adventures in the subway made him laugh.\nWith Uncle Bill as their guide, they felt more confident in the great city. He took them uptown where the store windows were filled with beautiful things. There were diamonds and furs and lovely dresses and hats.\n\n\"Look at this dear little straw hat with the violets on it!\" cried Julie. \"I wish I could buy it.\"\n\nThey saw a great ocean-going ship.\n\"Jerry Is a Hero\"\n\n\"Why don't you?\" asked Uncle Bill.\n\n\"It must cost a lot of money.\"\n\n\"We'll find out.\" They went into the store, leaving Jerry standing on the sidewalk watching the cars whiz past.\n\nJulie looked pretty in the hat and knew she must have it. Luckily, the price was not high. She felt proud paying for it with money she had earned herself. And she still had money left. She wore the new hat and put the old one in a bag. When they came out of the store.\nThey found Jerry at the store with a new mouth organ, trying to play Yankee Doodle. \"My goodness! New York is fun!\" cried Julie. \"But it's hard to hold onto your money here, with so many things to buy.\" She added thoughtfully, \"And I need to save the rest of mine to help Jerry buy Grandmother's dress.\"\n\nThey climbed a stairway and boarded a train that ran along a track high above the streets. \"Trains up in the air, and trains under ground!\" Jerry exclaimed. \"Remember the day I told you! Now we can see for ourselves!\"\n\nThrough second-story windows, Julie saw girls trimming hats and men busily sewing at machines. \"Those dresses you saw in the store windows were made in places like this. So was your hat and this suit of mine. Nearly everybody in the country wears clothes made this way.\"\nThey sent out from New York, explained Uncle Bill. After they left the train, they walked over to the Hudson River and took a boat. After a short trip, they landed on an island and stood beneath the wonderful figure of the Goddess of Liberty. She held the torch of Liberty high in her hand to show the world that America is the land of freedom. Many steps led up to her crowned head, but Julie and Jerry climbed them all and at last looked out through the eyes of the Goddess. They saw great ocean ships below them.\n\n\"Back here is Ellis Island,\" Uncle Bill pointed out. \"I stopped there when I was just a small boy coming from the Old Country with your grandmother and grandfather. There were thousands of us \u2014 people from all over Europe. We were all sick from the sea, sick with thoughts of home. But we wanted to come to the Promised Land, and here we were.\"\n\"The Promised Land?\" Jerry asked. \"I never thought of America that way.\"\n\"That's because you were born here,\" Uncle Bill replied. \"You don't know how lucky you are. Since its first years, America has been the Land of Promise to folk across the sea.\"\n\nJerry is a Hero\n\nIt was growing dark when they again boarded the boat. The lights of New York City twinkled like stars. Suddenly they heard a woman cry, \"My baby! My baby! She's fallen overboard!\"\n\nJerry, an excellent swimmer, dove quickly and swam to the child struggling in the water. He caught her dress just as a big boat cut toward them. Already they were lost in its black shadow. Surely they would drown! Julie held her lucky stone tightly and prayed.\n\nSomehow the boat turned away with a ringing of alarm bells. Somehow the two were safe at last. Jerry\nA hero he was, not wanting to be. Anyone would save a baby!\n\nVIII\n\nA million years ago\n\nEvery afternoon and evening, the circus began with a grand parade around the tent. All the circus folk dressed up in gay clothes and joined the parade, so that it would look long and important. Jerry wore an Uncle Sam suit and walked on stilts that made him eight feet tall. Julie rode proudly on a camel. She had a red feather skirt and a crown of red feathers, for she was supposed to be a princess. The camel moved from side to side as it walked \u2013 it was like being on a boat.\n\nThe rest of the day, Julie helped the cook, mended clothes and sewed on spangles, and helped to nurse the sick animals. She always had plenty to do. Once she made a baby elephant hold its mouth wide open while Uncle Bill gave it medicine. When a monkey had a wound, she helped clean it.\nThe cold was bad, she wrapped it in warm blankets. One of the lion cubs was so small he couldn't fight his brothers, so he didn't get enough to eat. At last, the lion trainer handed the poor little thing to Julie and said, \"Here. You\u2019ll have to bring him up.\"\n\nAway with the Circus\n\nThe cub looked like a big yellow kitten with his long whiskers and bright eyes. Julie named him Bingo and fed him milk from a baby's bottle. Soon he was round and fat. At night, he wouldn't stay in his box under her berth on the train. He slept in her arms, a soft warm ball of fur. If she moved her feet, he jumped at them.\n\nOne morning, when she woke up, her face was covered with bits of white. She saw Bingo chasing feathers all over the berth. He had scratched a hole in the pillow. Sometimes he climbed down from the berth.\nJerry scolded when Bingo jumped up and pawed through a piece of paper. Jerry was writing down numbers, and now he had to start all over again. He was going to add up the miles he had traveled since he left home:\n\nHome to Charlotte, North Carolina ... 650 miles\nCharlotte to Norfolk, Virginia ... 280 miles\nNorfolk to Washington ... 160 miles\nWashington to New York City ... 210 miles\nNew York City to where the circus is in Pennsylvania ... 110 miles\n\nThe first time he added the numbers, he got 1390 miles. When he added again, he got 1410. Julie's answer was 1470, and Uncle Bill's was 1415. They were well over a thousand miles from home. It looked like a very short way on the map.\nThe states on the map looked no bigger than pieces of a patchwork quilt, Julie said. Arkansas was colored yellow, and North Carolina was green; Virginia was pink, and New York State was purple.\n\n\"A patchwork quilt like the United States would have rivers running through it and lakes spotting it,\" said Uncle Bill. \"The edge of the quilt would be very ragged, with Texas and Florida sticking out, and the shores all cut up with bays. The quilt would not be at all neat, for there would be lumps for the mountains and hollows for the valleys. It would be like an old quilt used for a long time. Like an old quilt spotted by the rain and faded by the sun. The land is as old as time and goes clear back to the beginning of things.\"\n\nUncle Bill went on, \"Millions of years ago\u2014long ago...\"\nBefore men lived on earth\u2014giant ferns grew in hot swamps, and strange terrible monsters crawled out of the mud. Some ran on their hind legs and leaped with great bloodthirsty jaws upon other monsters as big as themselves.\n\nAway with the Circus, railroad engines, said he. \"Would you like to see one of these jungles from ages past?\"\n\n\"Where?\" cried Jerry and Julie.\n\n\"Down in a coal mine. We're right in the coal mining country here in Pennsylvania,\" Uncle Bill answered.\n\n\"What does coal have to do with jungles?\"\n\n\"You'll see.\"\n\nUncle Bill knew the head man at one of the mines. Very early the next morning they traveled far down into the earth in a cage like an elevator. Many feet down they stepped off into a well-lighted tunnel so low that they barely stood up straight in it. Coal was all around them, black and shiny, the same sort of coal they saw above ground.\n\"Uncle Bill pointed at the coal in the stove back home. \"Here is your jungle,\" he said. Millions of years ago, giant ferns were buried under mud at the bottom of great oceans. More and more mud piled on the strange jungle plants and pressed them harder and harder. At last, they turned into coal.\n\n\"See?\" Uncle Bill looked carefully along the wall of coal. \"Here, millions of years ago, is the print of a fern leaf.\"\n\n\"What happened to the monsters?\" Jerry wanted to know.\n\n\"They too slipped into the mud and were buried, along with even older creatures. Today we use what is left of them and the age-old plants. We call it oil,\" Uncle Bill explained.\n\nThe miners cut the coal away with a machine and loaded it on a small train.\nThe miners were covered in coal and worked hard. But they stopped to grin when Julie cried, \"Why, look at that canary bird! What's he doing clear down here?\"\n\n\"I'll tell you, miss,\" said one of the miners. \"That bird is our danger signal. When he falls over, we try to get out of here quickly. It's a sign of poison gas.\"\n\nJust then they heard a roar and a crash far away in the mine. Julie jumped with fright.\n\n\"They're blowing out another tunnel through the coal,\" explained the miner. He spoke broken English, for he was a foreigner like most of the miners. \"They'll hold up the roof of that tunnel with posts like those you see here. Even so, the roofs sometimes cave in and trap us down here for days. We don't have food or water. Some of us never get out alive.\"\n\n\"I should think you'd be afraid to be a miner!\" Julie cried.\n\"Well, someone has to work the coal. And we need the money for our wives and children. On the way back to the circus grounds, Jerry and Julie played a sort of game. Julie started it by exclaiming, \"Think how cold I'd be in winter if nobody mined coal!\" Jerry answered, \"Yes. And nobody would have wood for houses if men didn't cut down trees in the forests.\" Each tried to think faster than the other about what would happen if everyone didn't do his work. \"The city people would starve if the farmers didn't feed them,\" \"And the farmers couldn't buy farm machinery and clothes and automobiles from the cities,\" \"If men didn't run boats and trains, things couldn't be carried from one end of the country to the other,\" \"And if they didn't pick cotton down South, the mills would have to stop running. There'd be no cotton cloth.\"\"\nUncle Bill said, \"You two are right. Everyone's work is important. Nobody is so small that his job isn't part of the big work that has to be done to keep everyone warm and fed and happy.\"\n\nRUNAWAY ELEPHANTS\n\nIX\n\nOne night it was very quiet on the circus grounds. The circus was stopping for two days, and all the show people went to bed early for a good rest. Monkeys slept with their babies in their arms, camels stamped, and dreaming lions growled softly. The elephant keepers stretched out on piles of hay between the elephants. Outside the tent, the sky was bright with stars.\n\n\"It's too quiet,\" said Uncle Bill to Jerry. \"I don't like it. Don't you see the elephants waving their trunks and looking around nervous as cats? That means a storm, or I miss my guess.\"\n\nAbout midnight, a clap of thunder woke them all.\nmen and animals. Flashing forks of lightning streaked across the sky, and rain pounded down in a cloudburst.\n\n\"Get the elephants out,\" shouted Uncle Bill, springing to his feet.\n\nBefore the men could obey, the elephants pulled up their stakes like so many toothpicks. Squealing with fear, they dashed around and around the animal tent.\n\nAway with the Circus\n\nPoles crashed, and cages tipped over. Then the mad beasts tore through the side of the tent and escaped into the storm. Uncle Bill leaped on a horse and was after them. Jerry followed close behind, with the other circus men.\n\nThey found a trail of broken chicken coops and torn-up trees. In one place, an elephant had crashed right through a small house, in the front door and out the back. The people popped their heads out of the windows in terror.\n\nThen the storm stopped as suddenly as it had begun.\nBy the time Uncle Bill and Jerry reached the main street of the town, they found the elephant Nancy sticking her trunk through the broken window of a store and eating bananas. Jo-Jo was feeding himself loaves of bread, while Mabel tossed up eggs and let them drop on her head. Amos squirted water from a fountain all over himself, and Harry blew into his own big flapping ears to show how happy he was.\n\nWhen Nancy saw Uncle Bill, she knelt down and whined softly through her trunk. Nancy was the elephant queen and ruled all the other elephants. Now she seemed to say, \u201cIf you\u2019ll forgive us this time, we\u2019ll never run away again.\u201d\n\n\"Not until the next time you get scared,\u201d said Uncle Bill under his breath. \u201cYou ought to be ashamed of yourself, an old girl like you.\u201d But he knew it would be futile to scold them.\ndo no good to punish her. \"Get up, Nancy,\" he ordered. Pridefully, Nancy led the march back to the circus grounds. Here, everything was still wild excitement. One of the lions had escaped when his cage tipped over. Even now, he might be prowling through the town! Men were out searching with lights and guns, fearful that he would spring at them from every shadow. Suddenly, ahead of them, they heard an angry roar. \"Don't shoot,\" cried the woman lion trainer. She walked slowly toward the lion, who was hiding in the tall, wet grass. He roared again. \"Behave yourself, Rex. Stop growling at me. Do you hear? Stop growling.\" She stood there talking to Rex until the men dropped a strong net over him. He fought and clawed, but soon he was back behind the bars of a cage. \"That lion wouldn't know what to do with himself\"\nIf he ran wild, said one of the men. He'd miss his meals. Always lived in a cage. Lucky we didn't have to shoot him, though. He's worth at least a couple of thousand. Thinking of starting a show of your own, son?\n\n\"No. Not for a while.\"\n\nThe circus had to pay a great deal of money to cover the damage the elephants had caused. This was only the beginning of the circus folk's troubles. Every day now it rained. Everywhere they stopped the ground was deep in mud. When the wagons became stuck, the elephants had to push them out. Many of the elephants were lazy and only made believe they were working. If wise old Nancy caught one doing this, she hit him with her trunk and twisted his ear.\n\nActing in the big tent was not very pleasant either.\nThe lions and tigers were nervous during the storms and clawed cruelly at their trainer. Julie's friend Flora lost her grip on a high swing when the wind struck her. She fell into a net far below and was scared to death. But she climbed right up and tried again. All the circus folk knew that, whatever happened, \"The show must go on!\"\n\nThe worst of it was that very few people came to see the circus. They were afraid to sit in the tent while it was storming. Soon the circus ran short of money.\n\nMeanwhile, the animals went right on eating. If they were not fed well, they would become cross and dangerous. The elephants had to push the other animals out.\n\nRunaway Elephants\n\nThe big cats ate sides of beef, and the elephants fed themselves great mouthfuls of hay, besides many cabbages and loaves of bread. They stole food from each other.\nThe circus folk begged for peanuts and ice cream from each other. They weren't paid and had little to eat. One night, all they had was lard, bread, and tea. Even the Fat Lady was beginning to lose weight, and the clowns forgot to be jolly. Julie was so cold, wet, and hungry that she wished to be back home again. Everyone was full of gloom. Suddenly, Uncle Bill had an idea. He said:\n\n\"There are many farmers around here who raise a great deal of food but don't have much money. Why can't we trade circus tickets for food? The farmers would come to the circus even in the rain, or I miss my guess.\"\n\n\"Good!\" shouted the other men. \"Even if your idea doesn't work, it is surely worth trying.\"\n\nSoon, the circus grounds were crowded with farmers trading bales of hay for blocks of tickets. They brought corn, vegetables, and other produce in exchange.\nin the eggs, meat, and vegetables to trade for tickets. The circus folk and animals were assured of their meals once more.\n\nGIANTS OF TODAY\n\nAt last, the rain stopped. Business was good again as the circus journeyed on through flat countryside, stopping only at cities. Nearly every farm had a big red barn and a tower beside it.\n\n\"That tower is a silo where the farmer stores up corn for cattle feed,\" explained Uncle Bill. \"This is a rich farming country now, but once it was a wilderness. The early settlers had to fight with the Indians.\"\n\nMany of the cities were black with factory smoke. At night, Julie saw flames shooting into the sky from black shapes like fearful giants. These were the steel mills where iron was made into steel in fiery furnaces. Steel for ships, for railroads, for the skeletons of skyscrapers.\nNow the railroad tracks ran close together with trains whistling past each other. Skyscrapers towered ahead, and Jerry and Julie were in the great city of Chicago. The circus raised its tents in a beautiful park near Lake Michigan, a lake so big that it looked like an ocean.\n\nAway with the Circus\n\nUncle Bill showed them on the map that it was one of the Great Lakes, a long, busy water road east to west, west to east.\n\n\"Old Mother Nature made the Great Lakes as easily as you would dig holes in the sand,\" said Uncle Bill. \"When Old Nature starts to do something, you can\u2019t stop her any more than you can an elephant,\" he added. \"Thousands of years ago, ice piled up so high over the northern part of America that only the mountains stuck out. The ice carried rocks and dug with them. When the ice melted, it left many fish ponds behind it.\"\nThe biggest were the Great Lakes. In Chicago, Jerry and Julie found three letters waiting for them \u2013 one from Melissa to Jerry, one from George to Julie, and one from their grandmother to both. The letters made them very lonely.\n\n\"Why don't you talk to all three of them?\" asked Uncle Bill, noticing how gloomy Julie and Jerry looked.\n\n\"How?\"\n\n\"Over the telephone.\"\n\n\"Telephone?\" cried Jerry. \"I did that once \u2013 talked to Jacob's store in town. But Grandmother is so far away. She couldn't hear me.\"\n\n\"Surely she could. People talk all over the United States that way. They even talk to people in Europe.\"\n\nJerry was surprised. \"But Grandmother doesn't have a telephone. Neither do Melissa or George.\"\n\n\"Just send her a telegram telling the three of them to be at Jacob's store at nine o'clock tonight. Then you can all talk.\"\nThe two walked away from the circus grounds and found a telegraph office. Jerry took a piece of paper and wrote down what he wanted to say. He handed the paper to a girl and paid her some money. He watched the paper closely, expecting it to vanish in some strange way and fly south to his grandmother. But the girl just looked at the paper and pressed down keys on a machine.\n\n\"What do I have to do next?\" asked Jerry, still watching the paper.\n\n\"That's all,\" said Uncle Bill. \"You've sent your telegram. They'll be getting it in your hometown right now.\"\n\n\"How could they? The paper's still here,\" Jerry replied, confused.\n\nUncle Bill laughed. \"The girl sent out your words over a wire by electricity. Electricity travels many miles.\"\nAt nine o'clock, Jerry called Jacob's store and heard his grandmother, Melissa, and George clearly, as if they were right across a table in Chicago.\n\n\"Hello, Grandmother,\" said Jerry. \"How are you?\"\n\n\"Fine, thank you, Jeremiah. Are you taking good care of Julia?\"\n\n\"Sure. She's here waiting to talk to you.\"\n\nTheir grandmother was glad they liked their jobs with the circus. George and Melissa hoped they would come home soon. It was almost like seeing the whole family again. The telephone call cost a good deal of money, but it was so wonderful.\n\"Jerry asked Uncle Bill, \"Is electricity part of the telephone too?\" Anxious to learn more about electricity, he inquired.\n\nUncle Bill replied, \"Yes. It carries the sound of your voice in a special way. Electricity does many marvelous things. See those lights up in the ceiling?\"\n\n\"Yes,\" Jerry responded. \"They're the same kind they have in the stores back home. Some houses have them too. You don't have to clean them like kerosene lamps, and they're so much brighter.\"\n\nJulie spoke to her grandmother, \"Giants of Today.\"\n\nUncle Bill explained, \"Well, there's a twist of fine wire inside the glass of each light. Electricity flows into the wire and gets it so hot that it gives out light. You know yourself how the end of a poker glows red when you stick it in a stove. Much the same thing happens in an electric light, only the wire gets hotter than red. It gets white-hot.\"\"\n\"Where does this electricity come from?\" Jerry asked.\n\"From great power houses. It is sent out over wires and runs machines. Great inventors like Thomas Edison made electricity the tool of man,\" Julie replied. Pausing for a moment, she continued, \"When I was little, I used to read in fairy books about giants. They could walk hundreds of miles in one step and shout half way around the world. But I guess nowadays all of us are giants. We can travel swiftly on trains and send our words far and wide with the telephone and telegraph. And I guess those old fairy tale giants would look small next to our skyscapers. My goodness!\" Jerry ran away.\n\nXI\nOne of Jerry's circus friends wanted him to stay in Chicago and work in the stockyards where thousands of animals were killed for meat. They'd have a gay time spending their days there.\nmoney  in  the  big  city  on  Saturday  nights,  said  the  boy. \nJerry  replied,  \u201cJulie  would  be  angry  if  I  left  her.\u201d \n\u201cJust  run  away  from  her.  Why  not?\u201d  The  other  boy \ngrinned.  \u201cAfraid  of  your  sister?\u201d \n\u201cNo,  I\u2019m  not.  I\u2019ll  stay  in  Chicago  if  I\u2019ve  a  mind  to.\u201d \nBut  Jerry  thought  about  the  joker  stone  in  his  pocket. \nHe  remembered  what  his  wise  old  grandmother  had \nsaid.  The  stone  would  bring  him  bad  luck  if  he  ran \naway  from  Julie.  Well,  he\u2019d  just  lose  that  old  stone. \nPerhaps  then  he  wouldn\u2019t  have  bad  luck.  He  dropped \nthe  stone  on  the  ground. \nNext  day  Uncle  Bill  said,  \u201cI\u2019ve  found  something  of \nyours,  Jerry.  Here\u2019s  that  stone  you  always  carry  around.\u201d \nJerry  lost  the  stone  again,  but  the  Fat  Lady  picked \nit  up  and  gave  it  back  to  him.  Again  he  tried  to  get  rid \nof  the  stone,  but  the  snake  charmer  found  it. \nhi \nAway  with  the  Circus \nJerry's circus friend, named Ralph, grew tired of waiting for Jerry. \"What's the matter?\" he asked. \"Can't you make up your mind? We've only got a few more days in Chicago before we hit west.\" Jerry knew that was true. Yesterday, Julie had come to remind him of that. She thought they should try to get a day off in Chicago to buy their grandmother her purple silk dress.\n\n\"Still afraid of your sister?\" Ralph teased.\n\n\"Who's afraid?\" Jerry wanted to know. \"I'm ready to go when you are.\"\n\nThey agreed not to go out through the front entrance to the circus grounds because someone might see them. Instead, they would work their way around the tents to the back of the grounds and jump the fence that marked the end of the park. This was Ralph's idea, and Jerry was surprised to find that his friend had come up with it.\nJerry carefully planned his escape. He didn't like leaving this way, but Ralph argued, \"Suppose your sister sees you going out the regular way. How far will you get?\" Jerry returned to the tent where he slept and kept his clothes. He took out his wallet, which contained the money he had saved, and counted the bills: three fives were fifteen dollars and five ones made twenty in all. Some day he would go home. Jerry separated two five-dollar bills. Then he remembered the stone. He couldn't lose it, so he might as well take it along. He wrapped it in the two five-dollar bills and placed them in his wallet, putting the wallet in his pocket. That was money he wouldn't spend.\nJerry kept the money for himself. The rest went into his purse for change. This would buy him food and shelter in Chicago until he found work. He reached the end of the circus grounds before his friend, Ralph, so he waited. Soon, Ralph arrived, breathless.\n\n\"Hurry!\" Ralph urged. \"I just passed your sister and she asked about you. I didn't respond. Hurry! Give me a boost!\"\n\nJerry shouldered his friend's weight and Ralph jumped over the fence. It was harder for Jerry, who had no help. He jumped several times before he could get a footing. The third time he jumped, he thought he heard something drop, but managed to secure his footing.\n\n\"Well, don't take all day!\" Ralph called from the other side.\n\nAway with the Circus\n\nJerry didn't look back, but instead scrambled to the other side.\nJulie saw Ralph at the top of the fence and called out to him, \"Have you seen Jerry?\" But Ralph ran by without responding. At first, Julie thought he hadn't heard her, so she began to chase after him. She reached the end of the circus grounds just in time to see Jerry jump the fence for the third time and get over it. Shocked, Julie stood still, then realized what was happening. Jerry was running away with the circus.\nHe was doing the very thing his grandmother had warned him against. He was running away from the circus.\n\n\"Goodness!\" Julie thought. \"This is dreadful. I must do something right away. I must find Uncle Bill.\"\n\nHad she lost her good-luck stone? She reached into her pocket. No, it was there, tied tight in the corner of her handkerchief. She breathed a sigh of relief.\n\nJerry Runs Away\n\nThere, on the ground, a few feet away, lay whatever it was that she had seen Jerry drop when he jumped. She walked over and picked it up. Inside were the two five-dollar bills and the joker stone.\n\nJulie laughed out loud and told herself, \"He can't live without money, so he'll be back before long. The joker stone fooled him right at the start!\"\n\nJerry's Night in the City\nXII\n\nJerry fell when he jumped over the fence and it took him a minute to pick himself up.\n\"Hurry. Let's get away from here,\" urged Ralph. I was in no such hurry as Ralph. In a way, I hated to leave the circus. I had made many friends among the circus people and animals. Even the sight of the brown circus tents with Lake Michigan's fresh breezes swelling and flapping the canvas did something to me. And then there was Uncle Bill. I turned about and looked back.\n\n\"Always knew you were scared,\" Ralph said.\n\n\"Who's scared?\" I cried. \"I'm not.\" After that, I didn't look back.\n\nWe turned from blue Lake Michigan and walked west toward Chicago's downtown \u2014 the Loop, Ralph called it. North and south for miles, as far north and as far south as I could see, giant skyscrapers faced Lake Michigan. I caught my breath. Nowhere, not even in New York, had I ever seen such a sight.\n\nAway with the Circus.\nIn a city like this, Jerry thought, a boy who was strong and willing to work could find work to do. \"Where are the stockyards?\" he asked Ralph. \"Shall we go there first and see if they can use us?\"\n\n\"Plenty of time to look for work,\" Ralph surprised Jerry. \"I'm in no hurry. As long as I have a little money in my pocket, I'm going to have some fun. How about it?\"\n\nJerry did not agree with his friend. He thought they should try to find work first of all. But it was late in the afternoon, and now they were right in the heart of Chicago's Loop. Signs everywhere called their attention first to one wonder and then to another. Jerry had been in New York, true enough, and seen something of a big city's life and ways. But that had been different. Then he had been with Julie, and they were both doing what Uncle Bill had planned they should.\ndo. He was now out in a great city with no one to depend upon but himself. Everything he saw seemed to invite him. He felt, all at once, that he owned the great city and that everything in it was his. Tomorrow morning, he decided, would be time enough to look for work.\n\n\"Suits me,\" he told Ralph. \"What'll we do?\"\n\nRalph had been in Chicago before and gone about Jerry's Night in the City on his own. \"How much money have you got?\" he asked Jerry.\n\n\"Ten dollars,\" Jerry said. He did not mean to touch the money he was saving for his grandmother\u2019s dress.\n\n\"Is that all?\" Ralph was disappointed.\n\n\"That's two weeks\u2019 pay,\" Jerry said proudly. \"I figured I could live on that for a few days and by that time I\u2019d have work.\"\n\nRalph thought for a minute. Then he said, \"We might go out to Riverview Park. Yes, I guess that\u2019s our best bet.\"\n\"Jerry agreed, 'It suits me.' He didn't want Ralph to know he had no idea about their destination. They got on a streetcar that cut across the city. Jerry soon saw that there were parts of Chicago very different from the first beautiful sight of tall skyscrapers facing Lake Michigan. Behind those tall buildings were factories and poor-looking small houses and brick houses, which Ralph called apartments and flats, and which spread seemingly without end. Jerry remembered what his grandmother had said, \"A small town's good enough for me. I like to breathe clean, fresh air and hear the birds sing when I wake in the morning.\"\n\nThe streetcar twisted and turned and went on. Now they were passing through a still different part of the city. Here the houses and apartment buildings were older and more run-down, with peeling paint and broken windows. Jerry felt a pang of unease as they passed through this area, but Ralph seemed unfazed.\"\nJerry had thought that there was no sight like larger, newer streetcars with little squares of grass in front. But what he saw now took his breath away. Giant, round structures with train tracks circling to their tops, reaching the sky. Already lit with what looked like millions of electric lights, Jerry then saw a tiny car climb to the highest point on one of these tracks and suddenly drop. A scream ensued.\n\nRalph laughed. \"Roller coaster,\" he said. \"Want to try one?\"\nJerry watched the car spin around the downward circle. He felt dizzy just from watching. Then he saw a car on another roller coaster climb to the top of its tracks and drop suddenly. Jerry was sure he would fall out.\n\nJerry's Night in the City\n\n\"Shall we go in?\" Ralph said.\n\n\"Sure,\" Jerry said, and started to plunge through the gate.\n\n\"Tickets, please,\" someone stopped him.\n\n\"Go ahead,\" Ralph said.\n\nJerry pulled out a dollar bill.\n\n\"Buy mine, too,\" Ralph told him. \"I\u2019ll pay you back later.\"\n\nJerry and Ralph took many rides on the roller coasters. At first, when the car dropped suddenly or made a swift turn, Jerry was sure that he would fall out and he screamed in real fright. But soon he became used to it.\nAfter that, he wasn't afraid. There were other things to do at Riverview Park. A giant wheel with seats along its rim, called a Ferris Wheel, lifted people high from the ground and swung them around and around. From the top of the wheel, the whole park could be seen. Boats shot passengers down a steep slide into the water. There were games of chance to play, with tempting rewards to the winner. Jerry and Ralph tried everything. They even entered the dark House of Mystery and sat inside for a minute.\n\nAway with the Circus\n\nwhile a fat woman with long green earrings told their fortunes. \"Beware of someone you trust,\" she told Jerry. \"He will deceive you!\"\n\nJerry worried a little about the warning when he and Ralph were again outside the dark House of Mystery.\n\n\"Come on,\" Ralph urged him. \"Let's try something else.\"\nJerry pulled out his coin purse. All his money was gone. It didn't seem possible. He had two weeks' pay. But there was his empty purse. He began to count back. There were the roller coaster rides, the Ferris Wheel rides, and all the rest. Somehow Ralph had been unable to find his money when he needed it. Jerry had paid for them both.\n\nThe empty purse frightened Jerry. He reached into the pocket where he had put his wallet to make sure that he still had it. That, too, was gone. Somehow he had lost it.\n\n\"What are we waiting for?\" Ralph asked then.\n\n\"Ralph,\" Jerry said, \"my money's all gone. I guess you'll have to pay me back now.\"\n\nRalph looked at Jerry in a new, hard way. \"You mean you're broke!\"\n\nJerry tried to laugh. \"I guess that's right.\"\nJerry went after Ralph and jerked him back by the arm. \"What do you mean \u2014 my hard luck? What about me?\" Ralph shrugged. \"I don't know. Go back to the circus. I can't. The big boss fired me today. That's why I was in such a hurry to get away.\" Ralph broke loose and disappeared in the crowd before Jerry could find him again.\n\nJerry stood very still and looked over Riverview Park. The brilliant lights still glittered from all around. But they were no longer magic. He felt tired and hungry. And what was much worse, he was disappointed in Ralph. Ralph had pretended to be his friend, and he had fooled him, taken his money, and then left him when his money was all gone.\n\nA terrible thought came to Jerry. He saw that Ralph had betrayed him.\nRalph had treated him no worse than he had treated his kind Uncle Bill when he ran away from the circus. Hadn't he taken a job from his uncle and sneaked off without saying a word when it suited him to go? Jerry knew that he had to get back to the circus. Uncle Bill must never know. He must never feel disappointed in him. Jerry began to walk back.\n\nXIII\n\nIt was daylight before Jerry again saw the brown circus tents standing up against blue Lake Michigan. He had never seen a more welcome sight. But he was far too tired and weak to be happy. Half dead, he stumbled across the circus grounds and into the tent where he had always slept. There was his bunk, just as he'd left it. Jerry dropped into it and, almost before he could close his eyes, he fell asleep. He dreamed that he was whirling through the sky.\nJerry woke up on the roller coaster. The roller coaster made a sharp drop and a sudden curve. Everyone else was up and about, attending to their work. He remembered that today was the last day the circus was stopping in Chicago. There would be much for him to do. His legs still pained him from his all-night walk. Jerry groaned as he got up and stood on them. But he made up his mind that no matter how badly they hurt or how tired he felt, he would do his work just the same. No one else would have to do more than their share because he had run away.\n\nAway with the Circus\n\nJulie found him brushing the horses.\n\n\"Hello, Jerry,\" she said.\n\n\"Hello, Julie,\" he replied, continuing with his work. \"Horses are certainly dirty today,\" Jerry added.\n\n\"Urn-hum,\" Julie responded. \"I can see that they are.\"\n\nShe waited a minute and then she said, \"Don't you think it's time for a break, Jerry?\"\n\"We better get Grandmother's dress today? We won't be in a city as big as Chicago with so many dresses to choose from, and Uncle Bill says we can take the afternoon off to find just the right one. We'll be in other big towns, but they'll be big enough. Then Julie stepped forward. I found this yesterday, Jerry, she said, handing him his wallet. He took it. Gee, Julie, thanks! I thought you would surely say where you found it. Then, when he saw that she wasn't going to, he added, Well, if we can find just the right dress for Grandmother.\"\nIn Chicago, grandmother's dress: They found a purple silk dress, size fourteen, in a Loop store, which Julie believed would fit their grandmother as they shared the same pattern size. The young woman confirmed it was a size fourteen and they purchased it for $15. With Jerry contributing $10 and Julie $9, they had enough money left to buy presents for Melissa and George. Julie tucked the box away.\nWith his grandmother's dress under his arm, they started through the store. Soon, Jerry saw some stairs that seemed to move by themselves. People were standing on them, and the stairs were carrying them right up to the second floor. He and Julie decided to try them.\n\n\"That's right,\" a man at the foot of the moving stairway encouraged them. \"Use the escalators. Don't wait for elevators.\"\n\nAway with the Circus\n\nJerry and Julie jumped upon the first step. They were afraid that it would get away from them if they didn't. The stairs moved steadily up. Soon they were halfway between the first and second floors. They looked down and saw the entire first floor.\n\n\"Do you suppose there's anything in the world that you couldn't buy here?\" Julie said, looking down at the counters with all their different things. Jerry found plenty to interest him on the second floor.\nHere was a great square space with various things, all operated by electricity. They approached a man standing there and asked what they were. The man showed them. There was an electric washing machine, electric ironers, and even an electric dishwashing machine.\n\n\"Why, there won't be a thing left to do!\" Julie exclaimed.\n\nThe man laughed and continued showing them things. \"Here's an electric toaster,\" he said. \"You put your bread in right here. When it's toasted, it pops up.\"\n\n\"How much does it cost?\" Jerry asked, fearfully, as he had only a few dollars left and had decided to buy Melissa that toaster.\n\n\"Three dollars,\" the man replied. \"No, it's on sale today. It's only two dollars today, and it is a fine toaster.\"\n\nJerry said he would take it.\n\nThe stairs moved steadily up.\n\nGrandmother's Dress\n\n(Note: The text appears to be complete and does not contain any meaningless or unreadable content, OCR errors, or modern editor additions. Therefore, no cleaning is necessary.)\n\"But Jerry, Melissa doesn't have electricity in her house. She won't be able to use it,\" Julie said.\n\n\"Don't worry about that,\" Jerry said. \"When I get home, I'm going to learn all about electricity. I intend to help ensure the people there can use things like these too. Why not?\"\n\nThey got on the moving stairway again and rode to the floor above. On this floor was a large space filled with tables and shelves of books.\n\n\"There must be thousands!\" Julie exclaimed. \"Do you suppose there's one that would tell George something about raising vegetables? He's always trying to make things in his garden grow better.\"\n\n\"But George doesn't read much,\" Jerry said.\n\n\"Never mind,\" Julie said. \"He would enjoy something like that.\"\n\nA girl, scarcely older than Julie, found the book among all the others.\nWhen the book was wrapped and paid for, Jerry and Julie decided they might as well go. There was still a great deal to see in the store, but it would take days and days to see all, and now their money was spent.\n\nJULIE\u2019S AIRPLANE RIDE\nXIV\n\nFrom Chicago, the circus traveled westward. When they crossed the Mississippi River, Jerry and Julie told the other circus folk stories about the bad flood on the Mississippi down South a few years before.\n\n\"We saw people floating on housetops and holding to the highest branches of trees,\" said Jerry. \"Boats came along and rescued them.\"\n\n\"Yes,\" added Julie. \"That's the spring we got our clothes and food from our neighbors and friends.\"\nOne morning, when Julie was standing near the cook tent holding a lion cub in her arms, a surprising thing happened. An airplane landed on the ground and approached her. Its wings and tail made it look like a great bird with wheels for feet. A friendly man, identified as being with the Circus, jumped out of the airplane and came over to pat Bingo on the head.\n\n\"So that's a lion cub, eh?\" he asked. \"Wonder what he'd do if I gave him a ride in my airplane. Want to try it, girl?\"\n\nJulie agreed, so the aviator helped her up to a seat behind the wings of the airplane and gave her an odd leather hood like his own to wear. Then he cried, \"We're off!\"\n\nThe engine roared and the airplane raced across the field. Then it rose swiftly over houses and trees, with Bingo in tow.\ntried to jump out, but Julie held him tight. The wind whizzed past her head. She was terrified, but she tried not to show it. She remembered what the circus folk always said, \u201cIf you aren't brave, act brave, and you will be brave.\u201d\n\nAlready they were up so high that the city below looked like a toy village. The Mississippi twisted like a shining snake, and the wheat and corn fields were checks with little dots of trees. They went right through a cloud \u2014 it felt cold and wet.\n\n\u201cHow high are we?\u201d shouted Julie above the roar of the engine.\n\n\u201cUp a mile,\u201d the aviator replied.\n\nThey passed a big red-and-silver airplane. Julie saw people looking out of the round windows in its side.\n\n\u201cThey\u2019ve flown from New York in only seven hours,\u201d the aviator shouted. \u201cThat\u2019s what you might call speed.\u201d\nHe pointed the nose of the airplane downward. All the fields and houses seemed to be coming up to meet them. Julie was cold with fear, but they landed smoothly on the ground. Julie still felt the air rushing past her head. Before she could get out of her seat, a man rushed up to her carrying a moving picture camera. It was a queer-looking black thing that stood on long legs.\n\n\"Wait!\" he cried. \"I want to take a moving picture of you and the lion cub in the airplane. Now smile and talk. Tell me about the cub.\" He pointed the camera at her. It made a whirring noise.\n\nJulie began, \"The lion's name is Bingo. He is three months old, and I feed him milk from a baby's bottle. He didn't like the airplane ride a bit, but I thought it was very exciting.\"\n\nBingo growled and scratched, but the man said, \"That's fine. You'll see yourself in the movies next week.\"\nJulie was glad to see Uncle Bill among the crowd at the airplane. A first airplane ride, and having one's picture taken for the movies, made one feel the need of an uncle. A week later, Uncle Bill took Jerry and Julie to a movie theater which blazed with red and blue lights outside. Inside, it was so dark that they stumbled in the aisles. The lit screen at the front of the theater showed a king leaving his beautiful queen to go to war. It was a very thrilling play, but Julie cried in the sad parts. After the play came pictures taken away up North in the land of snow and ice, away down South among the wild beasts of the jungles, and even under the sea. Then Julie appeared on the movie screen with Bingo. She saw herself smiling and heard herself talking, just as she really had. All this was possible because of movies.\nCameras have eyes and ears, and cleverly remember.\n\nHome Again\nXV\n\nNow the circus sped down to the land of cotton. It was heading toward its winter home, for fall had come. Wagons carried cotton to the gins, and frost was in the air. The persimmons were red, and the chinquapins were falling from their burrs.\n\nMany of the circus folk were going to their own cottages and farms, but all the animals would stay in big barns all winter and learn new tricks. The wagons would be freshly painted red and gold. The circus girls would have new feathered skirts and sparkling crowns, and the clowns would have funnier suits than ever. In the spring, the circus would come out again and travel its long, long road.\n\n\"I'll make a head elephant keeper out of you yet, Jerry,\" said Uncle Bill. \"You'll come back with us next year. Won't you?\"\n\"Jerry replied, \"I'll be a circus man no longer. I want a job in the electricity business.\" Away with the Circus.\n\n\"And what about you, Julie? Will you be a circus girl again next year?\"\n\n\"I'm afraid not. I love traveling with the circus, but I ought to stay with Grandmother. She's so old and lonely. Perhaps I can go to school in town and learn to be a teacher.\"\n\nJulie felt very sorry at leaving Bingo, for she knew he would be a full-grown lion before she saw him again. She wept when she said good-bye to Uncle Bill and the other circus folk. Then she and Jerry went away on the train. Julie wore the pretty hat she had bought in New York, and Jerry carried their bags and the box holding the purple silk dress for his grandmother.\n\n\"Jerry,\" Julie asked, \"do you remember the day we met at the circus?\"\"\n\"Jerry and Julie looked down the tracks, wondering about the world beyond. \"We decided there was only one way to know,\" Jerry nodded seriously. \"That was to see for ourselves.\" \"And we were afraid,\" Julie added, \"that we would never be able to go!\" \"And now we've gone,\" Jerry said, \"and seen and learned a great deal. We can never again feel as we did that day, because we will always have so much to remember.\" \"It's the loveliest dress I ever saw!\"\n\nHome Again\n\nFar up the railroad track they saw the lights of their grandmother's house. They had seen the lights of so many other people's houses, and now these were the lights of their own home again! Through the window they saw their grandmother sitting in her rocking chair. She was drinking a cup of tea and rocking gently. She looked so alone and so peaceful.\"\nlittle  and  old  that  Julie  felt  a  hard  lump  in  her  throat. \n\u201cLet\u2019s  surprise  her,\u201d  Jerry  said.  And  he  and  Julie \nsprang  through  the  door. \nGrandmother  jumped  out  of  her  chair. \nShe  cried,  \u201cJulie!\u201d  and  \u201cJerry!\u201d  First  she  hugged \nJulie.  Then  she  hugged  Jerry.  Then  she  hugged  them \nboth  together,  and  they  both  hugged  her.  \u201cNow  let  me \nget  a  good  look  at  you  both,\u201d  she  said.  She  stepped \nback  to  see  them.  \u201cMy!  my!  You  look  better  than \never.  Now  tell  me  all  about  where  you\u2019ve  been  and \nwhat  you\u2019ve  seen.\u201d \n\u201cHere\u2019s  your  purple  silk  dress,  Grandmother,\u201d  Jerry \nsaid.  \u201cWe  didn\u2019t  forget  it.\u201d \nTheir  grandmother  opened  the  box  and  lifted  the \ndress  out  of  soft  white  paper  and  held  it  up  to  look  at \nit.  \u201cIt\u2019s  the  loveliest  dress  I  ever  saw!\u201d  she  said.  \u201cThe \nvery  loveliest  dress  that  I  ever  saw.\u201d  She  sat  down  in \nher  rocking  chair  and  cried  a  bit.  \u201cDon\u2019t  mind  your \nAway  with  the  Circus \n\"silly old grandmother, dear children, she said, rocking faster and faster in her chair. I'm so happy I just can't hold back the tears. Sassafras came in and jumped all over Jerry. It was good to be home again, Jerry and Julie both thought. Then their grandmother stopped rocking. I've been waiting and waiting, she said, for you to get back. And the pig has been getting fatter and fatter. We'll roast the pig tonight. That's what we'll do. Run and get Melissa and George! But Melissa and George were at the door knocking. At first they were shy, watching Julie and Jerry and listening to all their wonderful stories of the places they had seen and all they had done. Then Jerry gave Melissa the electric toaster and explained how it worked. He told her that he was going to stay home now and learn more about electricity, so that everyone there could benefit.\"\nJulie gave George the book. \"Do you suppose it will tell me how to grow tomatoes better?\" George wondered.\n\nJulie looked in the book. \"Why, there's a whole chapter just on tomatoes!\" she cried.\n\nThey both remembered the stones their grandmother had given them. They had kept them safely through all their travels. Even when Jerry had tried to run away from the circus, the stones had stayed together, as their grandmother had told them they would. They brought out their stones.\n\n\"Here are the stones you gave us, Grandmother,\" they said. \"The good-luck stone and the joker stone.\"\n\nBut their grandmother was very old and wise, and she rocked in her chair and said, \"Dear children, you will have just as great a need of the stones here at home.\"\n\"Keep your stones, both of you. Living here can be just as exciting as you found it far from here. Some of us have to travel a great distance to learn that. But you have both learned it.\" (York Library of Congress 000S455fllfc,1)", "source_dataset": "Internet_Archive", "source_dataset_detailed": "Internet_Archive_LibOfCong"},
{"language": "eng", "scanningcenter": "capitolhill", "sponsor": "The Library of Congress", "contributor": "The Library of Congress", "date": "1936", "title": "Billy Cory, adventurer,", "creator": "Beard, Patten", "lccn": "36029598", "collection": ["library_of_congress", "fedlink", "americana"], "shiptracking": "ST011106", "partner_shiptracking": "IAGC151", "call_number": "5960839", "identifier_bib": "00024837798", "lc_call_number": "PZ7.B3802 Bi", "publisher": "Chicago, A. Whitman & co.", "description": ["196 p. 22 1/2 cm", "Lining-papers illustrated in colors", "\"Junior press books.\""], "mediatype": "texts", "repub_state": "19", "page-progression": "lr", "publicdate": "2019-06-19 10:12:57", "updatedate": "2019-06-19 11:18:11", "updater": "associate-richard-greydanus@archive.org", "identifier": "billycoryadventu00bear", "uploader": "associate-richard-greydanus@archive.org", "addeddate": "2019-06-19 11:18:13", "possible-copyright-status": "The Library of Congress is unaware of any copyright restrictions for this item.", "note": "If you have a question or comment about this digitized item from the collections of the Library of Congress, please use the Library of Congress \u201cAsk a Librarian\u201d form: <a href=\"https://www.loc.gov/rr/askalib/ask-internetarchive.html\">https://www.loc.gov/rr/askalib/ask-internetarchive.html</a>", "operator": "associate-saw-thein@archive.org", "tts_version": "2.1-final-2-gcbbe5f4", "camera": "Sony Alpha-A6300 (Control)", "scanner": "scribe2.capitolhill.archive.org", "imagecount": "206", "scandate": "20190701132243", "ppi": "300", "republisher_operator": "associate-ronamye-cabale@archive.org", "republisher_date": "20190702065829", "republisher_time": "1160", "foldoutcount": "0", "identifier-access": "http://archive.org/details/billycoryadventu00bear", "identifier-ark": "ark:/13960/t13n9wc71", "scanfee": "300;10.7;214", "invoice": "36", "openlibrary_edition": "OL6344854M", "openlibrary_work": "OL7596950W", "curation": "[curator]admin-andrea-mills@archive.org[/curator][date]20190906121947[/date][state]approved[/state][comment]invoice201907[/comment]", "sponsordate": "20190731", "additional-copyright-note": "No known restrictions; no copyright renewal found.", "external-identifier": "urn:oclc:record:1156336902", "backup_location": "ia906906_0", "oclc-id": "3854653", "ocr_module_version": "0.0.21", "ocr_converted": "abbyy-to-hocr 1.1.37", "page_number_confidence": "92", "page_number_module_version": "1.0.3", "creation_year": 1936, "content": "PICTURE!  BY \nELEANOR \nMUSSEY  YOUNG \nClass  -PZ  1 \nGofpglitN0 \nCOFi\u2019RIGIlf'BEifeisJr. f \nBILLY  CORY \niVl \nFrom  around  a  tree  trunk  he  watched \nBILLY  CORY \nADVENTURER \nBY \nPATTEN  BEARD \nILLUSTRATED  BY \nELEANOR  MUSSEY  YOUNG \nJUNIOR  PRESS  BOOKS \nalberTXwhitman \nCHICAGO \nCopyright,  1936,  by \nAlbert  Whitman  &  Company \nfifi \nfSl- \nPrinted  in  the  U.S.A. \nTABLE  OF  CONTENTS \nPAGE \nThe  Wrong  Bag . 15 \nThe  Rumble  Seat . 39 \nBilly  and  a  Castle . 60 \nBilly  and  the  Gypsies . 82 \nA  Stolen  Car . 101 \nA  Mysterious  Paper . 120 \nBilly  Has  a  Hobby . 134 \nA  Birthday  . 144 \nA  Lost  Treasure . 158 \nLIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS \nPAGE \nFrom  around  a  tree  trunk  he  watched.. ..Frontispiece \nAfter  the  supper,  the  Treasure  Chest  was \nauctioned  . 14 \n\u201cKingston  Point  Landing!  Kings-ton  Point!\u201d . 21 \nIn  his  hurry,  he  stumbled  and  fell  flat! .  35 \nBilly  ran  and  got  a  drink . \u2014  47 \nBilly  pretended  to  dance  with  him .  57 \nIt  was  a  real  castle .  67 \n\"Think of the things we could do,\" said Laverne. It was a gypsy wagon. They lifted it out together. Tony had arranged the dishes as only an artist could. There stood Uncle Will's nice new car. List of Illustrations (Continued) He threw himself down upon the couch. His hand met the feel of a slip of paper. He lost no time in buying his treasure. At a pet shop, she stopped to examine puppies. Shorty tied an apron around Billy's waist.\n\nPeter Merrill Knapp\n\nAcknowledgment\nParts of this book have appeared in Child Life Magazine. The author wishes to express her thanks for permission to reprint them here.\n\nAcknowledgment is also given to What to Do for permission to reprint \u201cThe Mysterious Paper\u201d and \u201cBilly Has a Hobby.\u201d\n\nAfter the supper, the Treasure Chest was auctioned.\n\n\"Good-bye, Dad. It's fun to be going off\" - Peter.\nThe taxi stopped at the West 42nd Street landing for the Hudson boat. \"I'm off on a trip all alone,\" said Billy. \"It's a lovely-looking bag you got me! A shame it has that little scratch.\"\n\n\"It may get more scratches when you're a more experienced traveler,\" Dad replied. \"Check it as soon as you go on board. Follow the crowd. And remember, William Benson Cory! Don't forget and leave that bag anywhere! Mother packed it last night and put some very important papers into it for you to carry up to Uncle. They can't be duplicated and they're worth a great deal. You have the key of the bag and it's locked, so they're safe, but you must hang on tight to the bag and not leave it, except to check it.\"\n\nBilly nodded gravely. \"I will.\"\ntake this trip all on my own. Say, can you imagine me put under the care of the ship\u2019s officer the way Mother wanted to do? Me \u2014 twelve years old, Dad? I guess I know how to take care of myself, even if I never went this way before or saw Uncle\u2019s camp!\n\nThey were waiting now for the gangplank to be put in place. The crowd was thick around them, until the boat came in.\n\n\"Your uncle will meet you at Hurley,\" repeated Father. \"I've telegraphed him. If you should get into any mix-up, Billy, go to a man in uniform. You have the written directions \u2014 get off at Kingston Point and board the train there for West Hurley.\"\n\nBilly grinned. \"I know,\" he declared. \"I\u2019ll telegraph you from Hurley. You and Mother will get it tonight, long before you\u2019re through packing to leave for Rangely tomorrow!\"\n\nAfter Dad\u2019s good-bye, Billy found himself.\nAmong tourists, golf bags, tennis rackets, cameras, lunch packages, umbrellas, folded go-carts, hat boxes, and suitcases of all descriptions. So thick was the crowd around the checking window that Billy could scarcely budge. The man in front of him bent down and placed his bag on the deck. Billy followed suit. It seemed everybody was doing it \u2014 it was useless to stand holding the bag.\n\nThe man ahead was tall, very tall. He wore a soft hat and a tweed suit. Billy was sure he had seen him somewhere. Yes, it was that villain in the movie he and Dad had seen last night. Only the man wasn't that man \u2014 he somehow just looked like him! The line moved up. It kept slowly edging toward the window and Billy kept kicking his bag along. At least he thought it was his bag till that man ahead bent down and took up his.\nBilly was about to exclaim when he grabbed for the bag at his feet and saw that it was identical to the stranger's, complete with the same scratch. But he couldn't see that scratch on the one he hoisted toward the window.\n\n\"Say,\" he said to the clerk. \"It seems we've mixed bags. Mine has a scratch.\"\n\nThe baggage man didn't hear him. \"Next!\" he called out.\n\nBilly had no choice but to move along. Perhaps he had been mistaken, and the bags had become mixed on the floor \u2013 but it wasn't likely. He was troubled as he watched the landing at 125th Street, wondering if he should do something about it. In the meantime, he made a thorough tour of the boat, taking in everything from lower deck to upper.\nThere was a sight to see - the enclosed glass space at the center of the boat, where pistons rose and fell in swishing green river water. He bought several souvenirs and picture postcards there to send back to Mother and Dad. They were going to Rangely tomorrow with the Van Alstens; that was why Billy had been sent to his uncle's camp in the Catskills. Uncle hadn't answered Dad's telegram but he was always at his studio working. He had recently written to Dad to send on those papers, registered mail. Billy was taking the papers and felt experienced and self-reliant as he pocketed ship's stationery for future use and made a third trip to the counter where chocolate bars were for sale.\n\nHe didn't want to think of that bag. It made him uneasy. The more he thought, the more uneasy he became.\nHe became more uneasy. He wanted to talk to somebody. He was lonely, but everyone seemed to be in a party. Soda-pop in bottles, sandwiches, broiled chicken, and bananas began to appear on deck, as it was lunch hour. He drifted to the upper deck and hunted for a patch of shade.\n\nHe discovered a solitary camp chair on the rear end of the deck. He sat down and pretended to be interested in West Point disappearing into the landscape.\n\nThe men on the other side were talking. Bits of their talk drifted toward Billy, and though he was not curious, he could not help but overhear. They were talking about someone called Bracket. It was evident that one of the men disliked him dreadfully \u2013 he could say nothing good about him; he simply had no use for him at all!\n\nIn the discussion, Billy couldn't understand everything. He remembered the movie he had seen with that name.\nand Dad had been to see it last night as part of the entertainment. In the film, there was a villain who disliked someone \u2013 and the hero had overheard a conversation, just like Billy here!\n\nBeing a hero, he had warned the man and prevented trouble, and Billy began to imagine himself in the role of hero, warning Bracket. But as Bracket would have to be told what the villain looked like, Billy peeked around the camp chairs stacked up to make the shade \u2013 and whom should he see but the very man who had checked the bag? He jumped to his feet. \"Your bag didn't have any scratches on it,\" he cried. \"It got mixed up with mine \u2013 I know it did! I want the one that belonged to me \u2013 \"\n\nBut the men were getting up and moving away rapidly and they only looked at Billy as if they thought he was a joke.\nWhat's the matter with that boy?\" one of them exclaimed.\nIt made Billy feel very young indeed. He ran after them, but he could not catch them. Where they went, he could not see. He tried to find them, more determined every moment that the bags were mixed up, thinking maybe they were after those papers with which Dad had trusted him! He hunted everywhere - he could not find those men, but a blue-uniformed officer was calling through a megaphone, \"Kingston Point Landing! Kings-ton Point! All-off-for-Catskills and points west! Get your baggage!\"\nIt was Billy\u2019s landing.\nWell, he would go down and get the bag and look it over and see if it was a mistake. He knew he should have done that before, only he'd been too busy pretending to be a \"hero\" like the man in the movies and his sense had deserted him in make-believe.\nHe said to himself, \"Why was I such a fool?\" When he had handed in his check, the new and shining bag that was given to him was not his. It would not open with his key. He tried to return to the window, but he couldn't. The gangplank was being hoisted, and right by the rope stood the man with the bag that belonged to Billy.\n\nBilly managed to wiggle and squeeze past the people in line. He had to catch that man and show him that he didn't have the right bag. He had to confront him with it and yell for an officer.\n\nAt last, he was on the gangplank. The man was a few steps ahead, and then, as luck would have it, two baggage men with a truck appeared, heading straight for Billy. Someone pulled him out of the way and held him. He could see the two men ahead get into a blue sedan and slam the door.\n\"Let me go,\u201d squealed Billy. \"Somebody took my bag! But it was too late \u2013 they had gone. There was nothing else to do but get onto the waiting train for West Hurley. The conductor asked him if he had lost his party. When he explained about the bag, the conductor said, \"Well, you'll get it again; they'll find your address inside. They don't want your bag, son; they want their own!\" Since he was so positive about it, Billy could say nothing. He got onto the train miserably. At West Hurley, the conductor saw him off the train with the bag, but his uncle had not yet come. Billy sat on the platform's rim, kicking the gravel and waiting impatiently. A bus marked Woodstock chugged and went off, and a series of cars with passengers and baggage followed. There was nobody left.\"\nBut the station master who came over. Billy explained that he was waiting for someone. But time went on and his uncle did not come. When Billy asked if he could get a taxi, the station master laughed. \"No, sir,\" he grinned, \"not today. Today's the big Maverick Day! Don't you know about Maverick? The artist colony puts it up every year in August; everyone goes in fancy rigs. They have an outdoor play and suppers around bonfires, and a dance in the evening. You ought to see it some day, son!\" \"I'd like to,\" said Billy. \"But I don't know if my uncle will take me. Oh, I almost forgot. I have to telegraph.\" He did. And the station master began to close up. He didn't know just what he was going to do about Billy, since there were no cars to be had, but just then, around the curve of the road, came a blue sedan.\nA man had entered the train at Kingston Point. Billy rushed out onto the platform to see it. It wasn't, however, the man with Billy\u2019s bag; it was a young artist in disguise! He had come to send off an express package of a magazine cover to a well-known magazine. The station master knew him; it developed that he was G. G. Whatell, and if Billy didn't know about him, he ought to! He was friendly and concerned.\n\n\"Well, you are in a fix, kid,\" he said. \"I'm going your way and I'll give you a lift, but I'll have to take you along to Maverick with me. I'll take you to your uncle after supper and I'll take you right along \u2014 hop in!\"\n\nIt seemed the only thing to do, since there was a chance that his uncle might not have come down the mountain for his mail. Mail was held at the store and telegrams, Billy.\nIt was good to be on the way and fun to go see the sights of Maverick. I was fun to drive along with a pirate who looked exactly as if he had stepped out of Billy's copy of \"Treasure Island.\" Billy confided in the friendly pirate about the bag. Since the pirate had offered to open Billy's bag and fix him up a costume, Billy couldn't get the bag open.\n\n\"Funny thing is,\" declared Billy, \"their car was just the same model as this. I'd know those men anywhere, if I should see them.\"\n\nA loud honking interrupted him. He looked back as the car at their rear shot past. It was a blue sedan going at a great rate. Billy\nBut it paid no attention. \"Get 'em,\" he yelled. \"That's the car, and they've got my bag with those papers!\" The blue sedan disappeared around a curve, even though Mr. Whatell was quick. As they turned the curve of the road, an oxcart appeared on the narrow highway from a meadow. It had the right of way, and they couldn't pass it, for it was too large! When, at last, the oxcart left the highway clear, there was not a trace of that blue sedan in sight!\n\nAt the place where two roads met, going around Ashokan, one couldn't tell which way the blue sedan had taken. G.G. Whatell was a little inclined to laugh at Billy, when Billy got out and looked at the tracks on the road. There was nothing to be told from them, so he crawled back into the car. \"Oh, blame that oxcart,\" he muttered. \"We might as well give up the chase.\"\ngive it up; you\u2019ve got to go to Maverick, haven't you?\n\"I have,\" replied the artist. \"I have to auction off a joke - it's a treasure chest. And I have to join my group of friends who are all dressed up like pirates. We'll fix you up in some sort of rig - you'd make a Young Pan all right! Would you like to pose for me while you're up here?\" He chatted on, trying to divert Billy. He and Billy's uncle had studied under the same master once, but they didn't know each other well. He knew where his studio was and occasionally ran across him.\n\"Maybe I can get word to him about you when we get to Maverick,\" he said. \"You'll stick by me and we'll have supper with the crowd. Afterwards, I have to help dress some of the players for the open-air performance.\"\nI'll show you where to find the car. You'll have to trot over to it and get in, and wait till I come. It'll be dark, so you'd better observe everything carefully. I'll park near some bush or tree you can tell in the dark. Wish I had an extra searchlight but I need mine! You've a quick eye, Young Pan! You'll find the car all right.\n\nMaverick was a lovely section of wooded mountainside, approached by a narrow entrance road. There, a man dressed as a highwayman held up the car. \"Hello, Bill Bones!\" he cried. \"Fork up fifty cents for the passenger you have who isn't in fancy dress! Everyone not in costume must pay!\"\n\nThe car halted slowly. \"I will not be held up!\" retorted the artist, laughing. \"Bang! Can't you see he is in masquerade\u2014he's a Regular Fellow. I'm planning to paint him on a maga-\n\n(This text appears to be complete and readable, with no unreadable or meaningless content. No cleaning is necessary.)\nHe honked loudly. \"Go along with you,\" cried the highwayman. \"You're a clever one, but you could afford fifty cents!\" He let them pass, and G.G. Whatell chuckled and shot forward. Along the mountain road, they began to meet revelers. It was like a picture-book, only one never would meet so many different kinds of pictures all in one story!\n\nA van of gypsies in an old cart rattled along, and a picturesque gypsy followed on horseback. Then came an Oriental dancer with a green snake made from a silk stocking. A wild, half-clad African savage stood holding a tall shield and bowed to Whatell as the car passed him. Hawaiian musicians waved and greeted him as a friend. Mary, with her little white woolly lamb tied to a blue ribbon, lifted her crook. \"I know you!\" she called. \"Know you anywhere!\"\nHere came a Chinese, there a group of Indians. A prairie schooner rolled by; bullfighters and Spanish ladies followed. Billy's eyes were wide and round like his mouth; he was having a grand time. He had already forgotten about his uncle, the bag, and the blue sedan. It was like Hollywood, and he decided to stick tight to G.G. Whatell, for there were lots of other pirates and \u2013\n\n\"Hello!\" another pirate called, and he found himself in the midst of G.G. Whatell's group. He explained to Billy, and then he finished parking in the big meadow that was the parking ground.\n\n\"See,\" he said to Billy. \"We're right here by this queer tree. You can see that by moonlight when you come down; you won't be able to see the license number in the dark. But you'll know the car, and the bag will be in it.\"\n\n\"Sure,\" Billy answered. Then they went.\nG. G. Whatell took Billy to a nearby studio and found a curly white sheepskin rug. They made Billy remove his coat and things, including his stockings. With big blanket-pins, G. G. Whatell pinned the woolly rug tightly around Billy so it couldn't come off, despite the scratching. Billy didn't mind; he enjoyed being dressed up like young Pan. Pan was the Greek deity of the outdoors, he recalled, as he thought of the Greek myths his mother had read aloud. He wished she could see him now.\n\nSomeone gave him a little tin flute to play, the kind that doesn't make much noise. Someone else put a wreath of grapevine around his curly head. They led him away toward the place where the smoke of bonfires and outdoor suppers was rising in the woodland setting. It was fun! It was fun to go barefoot too!\n\nThe Hawaiians strummed a melody.\nBilly picked his way about, gathering sticks while his pirate band made supper ready. Occasionally, he heard someone exclaim how beautiful he was \u2013 and then he felt rather funny and looked sheepish. \"Me, beautiful?\" he snorted to himself. \"Oh, gees!\"\n\nAfter supper, the Treasure Chest was auctioned. It was some joke that Billy didn't quite understand, but it was fun. Everyone was full of jokes, and he was sorry when G.G. Whatell told him to \"trot!\" It was getting dark. They were getting ready for the play in the theatre beyond the high palings, and G.G. Whatell had to help. Billy had to go find the car and wait. Maverick was over for him \u2013 almost!\n\nSlowly, he walked toward the car down the road that was so red and dusty. There were big busses there now, with great beetling eyes in the dark \u2013 long lights wavering from within.\nthem as they backed and snorted. Everywhere gay revelers were going toward the theatre, and soon the road began to be deserted. The candy stand was closed. Nobody was around at all! And as Billy went down the little hill, he saw the weird shapes of cars like great black shadows everywhere! He knew where his car ought to be, for there was the queer tree! He opened a car door \u2014 in it was a hamper full of picnic dishes! He tried the next. It was locked. He looked about \u2014 maybe it was the next! He opened the door in the dark and felt for the bag, and his hand met the familiar feel of its handle. He climbed in and covered himself with a rug that was on the back seat. He was cold. The strumming of far-away orchestral instruments came to him, and then the orchestra broke into melody. Billy wished he was there.\nThere, seeing the play, but now he knew the artist would be coming soon to take him to his uncle's. He hoped his uncle knew he was on the way, but Mr. Whatell probably had phoned him. He drowsed, waiting, until the music and the comfort of the big back seat of the car put him to sleep. Then suddenly voices roused him. He thought at first it was Whatell coming, and he hid under the rug. It would be fun to cry, \u201cHeyoo\u201d and surprise his new friend. But it was not the artist who came. It was the two men\u2014the very same ones whom Billy had overheard on the boat that very day\u2014the ones who had gone off with his bag! He made himself quite flat against the seat, covered with the dark rug. The door of the car opened near the wheel. One man got in, and started the car. \"Good night,\" he called. \"I'm going after Bracket now!\"\nBilly felt suddenly frightened and cold. It dawned on him then; he wasn't in Whatelf's car. The villain must have parked his car after they had, probably close by! If that was so \u2014 then the bag on the floor of the car was the very bag Dad had handed him! It was his! And, here he was, a real hero \u2014 with every likelihood of warning poor Bracket, if he kept his wits about him!\n\nAnyway, if he couldn't warn Bracket, he could wait till the car slowed down, then grab his bag and run for the woods and hide \u2014 and get back to Whatell at Maverick! He was sure he had not been discovered.\n\nThe sedan passed over the rough road with some bumps. Billy wished it would stop short to let something pass, but it did not. He had to wait, clinging hard to the bag, making himself as small as possible.\nThe man hummed music on the car floor. He didn't drive fast, occupied by his thoughts. Once, he slowed down and lit a cigar, but Billy had no chance to escape. The car continued. At last, Billy recognized it as the state road, for the road became smooth. Peering from under the dark rug, he saw shapes of tall trees on either side of the roadway.\n\nThe car slowed down again, but this time something had caused the quick application of the brakes.\n\nFrom out there in the dark road came a loud voice. \"Halt!\" it cried. \"I am Black-ballem, the highwayman!\" A shot rang out.\n\nIn the dark, a horse pirouetted around the automobile, and on it Billy could see the shadowy figure of a highwayman - it was Billy's.\nChance to creep out while the owner of the car was being searched, Billy thought he could make it, unobserved \u2013 then dash back to Maverick with his bag. He was so occupied edging toward the door that he missed what the men were saying. Perhaps somebody was trying to play a joke \u2013 he couldn't tell. Softly, he felt for the handle of the car's door. It was the side near the bushes. The men were out there in the road. He couldn't hear what they said, but he thought that one of them must be angry. Carefully, he placed a bare foot on the running board. The carriage rug would be a good thing to take with him in case he had to sleep in the woods, so he dragged it after him, holding tight to his precious bag. Then something caught him in his hurry. In his stumble, he fell flat! The bag made a big bump and Billy a loud falling thud!\nThe two men came running. The horse was evidently tied to a tree. Billy's venture had been nipped in the bud; somebody had caught hold of him!\n\n\"Didn't know you had a passenger!\" the highwayman cried.\n\nThe man who was driving the car muttered something. \"Here, you!\" he exclaimed.\n\n\"What are you doing with my bag?\" He picked the bag from the roadway and held it, looking down at Billy in the dark.\n\n\"It's my bag,\" retorted Billy manfully.\n\n\"It is not!\"\n\n\"It's mine, really,\" remarked the highwayman with a stage laugh! \"Joke's on you, Famous Dramatist! A good situation for a comedy, staged on the state road, Wood-stock!\"\n\n\"Be quiet,\" roared the other man. \"Enough of practical joking. He was the real thing \u2014 after my bag, too!\"\n\n\"It's mine,\" Billy insisted, shivering. He tried to get hold of the bag. He was pushed away.\n\nThe highwayman roared in amusement.\nHe was the same one who had taken the tickets at Maverick entrance. In his hurry, he stumbled and fell flat! He had been trying to play a practical joke, for fun! He knew the man - Billy - had been with in the sedan. They were really friends.\n\n\"Explain yourself!\" It was the highwayman. \"Aren't you the boy that Mr. Whatell was going to paint as Young Pan? It looks as if he dressed you up!\"\n\n\"He did,\" Billy replied, glad to be recognized in the flare of a flashlight. \"And I thought I was in his car waiting for him \u2014 only I got into the wrong car and was carried away \u2014\"\n\n\"Why did you attempt to make off with the bag that was not yours? Why claim it, Pan? Do you need to have somebody's bag that is not yours, quoth I?\"\n\nBut Billy was in no mood for joking. \"I'll tell you all about it,\" he said. \"That-that\"\nA man exclaimed, \"He's going to do something to Bracket! You must stop him.\" He recounted the tale of the bag and its pursuit. When he finished, the highwayman and the villain couldn't help but laugh.\n\n\"Bracket,\" the highwayman bellowed, \"I'm writing a play, and you're a character in it! I'm going home now to revise my manuscript. It's in my bag, and if this bag is indeed yours, you'll have to explain my manuscript that's locked in my own bag and is important stuff!\"\n\nHe held a flashlight over Billy's bag. The highwayman forced the lock open, revealing Mother's lovely lunch box at the top. Billy seized it, shouting, \"Mine! Yours is back in G.G. Whatell's car at Maverick!\"\nThe hero was triumphant. He crawled back into the car of the dramatist, holding tight to his bag. The car backed up. The highwayman called, \"Good night!\" and they sped back to Maverick in silence. Billy only remarked that he was sorry he had taken the man for a villain, and he told him about the movie he had seen.\n\nThey found Mr. Whatell with a crowd of people on the parking lot hunting for Billy! One of them was his uncle whom Mr. Whatell had somehow managed to reach!\n\nThe dramatist got his bag and shook hands with Billy. Mr. Whatell invited Billy to pose for him the next day. His uncle asked, \"Where did you put his suit, Whatell?\" And Whatell said he'd bring it up the next day.\n\n\"I've got enough in my bag without it,\" said Billy. \"I like going without shoes \u2014 I do, Uncle!\"\nBilly sat next to him on the front seat of the car, still wrapped in his woolly rug. \"I shouldn't call you exactly a goat, and I'm glad the papers are quite safe.\" I said they would be,\" answered Billy with dignity. \"Even a hero in a movie couldn't have done better than I did!\"\n\n\"Sure, Billy,\" said his uncle. \"You were a real hero - it takes a boy to get into such a scrape and get out of it the way you did. We'll have to write Dad tomorrow!\"\n\n\"Tell him 'Billy and bag safe',\" suggested Billy. \"And tell him you found me at the end of a perfect day - and my picture is going to be on a magazine cover sometime!\"\n\nTogether, the two grinned as the car sped toward Uncle's camp.\n\nBefore his annual camping trip, Billy went to visit Aunt Prescott. She lived in California, but the trip in Dad's automobile,\nBilly was lonely in the \"Old Ark,\" as it was known, which had been uneventful. Mother and Dad had left him in the care of Aunt Prescott. He could only think of pretending he was practicing for the movies in California. \"Look, look! Watch me!\" Billy Gory waved to his aunt as she came down the path of stepping stones toward the famous lily pool in her beautiful garden, carrying a basket of roses she had just gathered. \"Look,\" he cried and turned on the soft velvet of the lawn to make a running jump, leaping clear over the width of the lily pool where the Japanese goldfish were. \"Want to see me do it again?\" he inquired with a grin.\n\nAunt Prescott rested the garden basket on the stone bench. \"No, Billy,\" she replied.\nHe laughed. \"I wouldn't,\" he said. \"I can do lots of stunts \u2013 want to see me walk on my hands or \u2013 or turn double somersaults? I can juggle balls too!\"\n\nBut Aunt Prescott shook her head. \"Not now,\" she returned. \"I have to arrange these flowers and then I have to dress. I'm going out to lunch this noon with the Van Stines.\n\n\"It must be very dull for you with nobody to play with. I'm sorry I don't know any boys, but you'll be going to camp in two weeks, you know. After that, why, you'll be home again and Mother and Dad will want to find you well and whole when they get back from their trip. So just look out\u2013 and don't do any risky stunts.\"\n\n\"It would be nice to have something to do,\"\nBilly said, \"It is lonely. But I can play in the tool house, can't I? If I had a motion-picture machine, I'd give movies there and post a notice at the General Store \u2014 and if I had a motion-picture camera, I could go right into the business and get a crowd together and \u2014 \" But he was cut short as a very large young man appeared from the other side of the box hedge and lifted his hat to Aunt Prescott. Billy started to disappear, but Aunt Prescott called to him. \"Billy,\" she exclaimed, \"here's somebody I want you to meet \u2014 somebody who really writes movies! You know,\" she said to the large young man, \"Billy is wild about the movies. You and he would be most congenial.\" She laughed. \"And just now,\" she said, \"he has nobody to play with. He's just come to stay with me till camp opens and I don't happen to know anyone else.\"\nMr. Twain beamed as he shook hands with any boys. \"I'm a boy.\" He looked at you, \"I'm going to run over to Adolph Zeigler's in Bakersfield. I have a friend with me and the only seat vacant is the ramble. We might not be much company, but perhaps you'd like the ride. It's over the mountains.\"\n\n\"A long ride,\" said Aunt Prescott, looking at Billy questioningly. \"When would you be back?\" She referred to the appointment with the camp head at Blue Lake at three-thirty.\n\n\"That's so,\" said Billy. But the stout young man grinned at Billy and understood. \"Well, I think you can count on his getting back in time, Miss Prescott,\" he assured her.\nI'll wager on this. I have the best little sport model. I'm handing a script to Ziegler \u2013 I hope he'll take it. Ben Nealy, whom you know, is going with me; we have to discuss things en route. We've collaborated. Don't mind sitting on the rumble seat and keeping quiet, do you, Billy? It's a grand ride over the mountains! You'll see lots of the country \u2013 pretty wild country, too! I've never been over that way before and I don't know the road, but I guess we won't get lost \u2013 quite! Be back by three-thirty anyhow.\n\nHe laughed.\n\nThat was how the adventure started \u2013 just like an everyday affair with Billy rushing back to the house for his sweater to carry along!\n\nThe little sport model was waiting at Aunt Prescott's drive near the house. It was a lovely soft yellow with a tan hood. Billy.\nScrambled into the rumble seat with his sweater, resolving, as Aunt Prescott had whispered to him at the last, to be good and not chatter or ask too many questions. \"They want to talk, Billy,\" she had said. \"You keep quiet back there in your seat \u2014 it's very nice of them to take you. I think you'll want to remember that they're going on business and have things to discuss on the way.\"\n\n\"Oh, I won't bother them,\" declared Billy and he had rushed off with the sweater. So now, once introduced to the man who was Ben Nealy, Billy subsided on the rumble seat behind the high hood in which there was only a very small little window. He could hardly see Mr. Twain's hatless head or hear the rumble of Mr. Ben Nealy's deep voice. The engine purred. They were off!\n\nIt was ever so nice \u2014 ever so nice! And there was Billy who had in his secret heart\nThat great ambition to become a movie man himself - there he was going, going, going - and every second was taking him toward a real movie director's own summer place! Gee! It was luck! It's such fun to rush over smooth roads, to pass lovely summer places, to see the fields, the woods; to hear the honk-honk of a gay little car, to be going up hills and over low-lying roads in the valley, places where the gay sport car went beside the river or rushed over a wooden bridge and played joyfully a passing game with other cars! But by and by, the country began to be less inhabited. Villages were far away. Even houses seemed to stop. Even upland pasture-lands gave way to wooded roads - usually unsettled roads. The way grew steep up the mountain. No cars were passing either way. It was a wilderness of wooded mountain and desolate.\nOnce in a while, there were lovely vistas of landscape, but for the most part, the narrow rough road lay over steep climbs. Once, on a downward grade, at the foot of some high place in the woods, Mr. Twain and Ben Nealy got into a discussion over the road. Ben Nealy insisted on going one way - at some junction place - and Mr. Twain declared, \"No, no.\" They seemed to have quite a time over it. They got out and tried to see where things went, but there was no guide-post at all. Mr. Twain said, \"Oh, follow our noses!\" And he faced the way he wanted to go. Ben Nealy faced the other way and asked, \"Which nose?\" Billy chuckled but he was keeping quiet and it was none of his business anyhow. They kept right on discussing. And then they flipped a penny and decided it.\nBen Nealy said, \"Well, we'll come to another road sometime and then we'll know where we're headed.\" And Mr. Twain said, \"Sure! You'll see I was right \u2014 when in doubt, I always take the right turning!\" They laughed at the joke, though it wasn't much to laugh at. For a time, they went on. The road was narrow and red of soil. The woods were wild. At the sides of the road were high banks where lovely ferns grew. And the earth was sandy and red. Once Billy caught sight of a little bright red lizard scampering in his funny lizard way into the shelter of some stones and fern. There was a spring where Mr. Twain got out and scooped up a drink from mossy stones. They had evidently almost forgotten about Billy on the rumble seat till Mr. Twain started to come back from the spring and then he sang out, \"You thirsty back there?\"\nAnd Billy jumped down and ran, placing his hands into the spring for a drink. He wished to see a red lizard, to catch it and bring it back to Aunty for her rock garden - nicer than Japanese goldfish! But there was no lizard, and he had to scramble back into the rumble.\n\n\"We're lost,\" Mr. Twain called back to him. \"But we'll soon find the right road - fun not to know what's what - something like an adventure!\"\n\n\"Yes, I like adventures,\" Billy squealed, but his voice was lost in the gear-shifting. Up and up they went, then down, down they went. Mountains loomed high above them. Red road. More little red lizards! Then came a crossroads.\n\nIt appeared in the thick of a ferny wilderness of woods, like a forest. The car halted. Ben Nealy leaped out on one side.\nMr. Twain was a short distance away, examining if they could find any fallen guideposts. Billy sat in the rumble for a moment, then had a bright idea. It was \"Lizards!\" He could catch one or two before they continued.\n\nOn the side of the car nearest the bank, Billy slipped down to the road in a flash. His handkerchief, which he had put in his sweater pocket before leaving, was just what he needed! He flipped it over a lizard and caught it. But the lizard that Bill saw led him on a chase. The chase went up the bank and into the dark depths of ferns and woods. He saw two lizards near each other and went for them. Just as the handkerchief descended - already rather worse for red earth - it actually caught the two red lizards! However, at that very moment, a most awful sound reached Billy's horrified ears.\nThe little car rushed off as hard as it could go! \"Mr. Twain, Mr. Twain,\" yelled Billy, but it did no good. They had finally discovered the road and hadn't once remembered Billy - and if they had, they thought, he was on the rumble seat. They hadn't seen him get off to catch lizards.\n\nWhy had he done it? And they wouldn't think of him again, probably, till they got to Bakersfield to Mr. Zeigler's! And how was Billy to get home and be there, as he said he would, at three-thirty? And how about making Mr. Twain upset over losing his passenger and worrying Aunt Prescott, which was the worst thing of all?\n\nThere was one thing to do: get home and then phone Mr. Twain at Mr. Zeigler's. But that wasn't easy. Miles and miles, and there were no phones.\nThere were only houses or anything like a railway. Nothing but forest - forest, ferns, and red lizards - and silence. There was not a sound now. He couldn't even tell where the sports car had gone. When he reached the crossroads, there was no trace of the car's wheels. Nor was there any guidepost to be found. Maybe Mr. Twain was still wondering about the road and was lost too. But anyway, he hadn't missed Billy.\n\nBilly looked at each road. It was safe to take the right, as Mr. Twain's preference was for that. Yet maybe they had gone on the other, as Mr. Nealy wanted always to go to the left! It was a puzzle!\n\nSo Billy put a hand into the pocket where he had exactly thirteen cents, and tossed a coin. It had an Indian head on it. It went \"heads,\" too. That was for \"right.\"\n\nUp that road and down that road he went for a long distance. But he came to nothing.\nIt was just woods. The two red lizards in his pocket handkerchief wiggled a lot. He wondered if he'd ever get them back home safely to Aunt Prescott's lovely summer estate with the rock garden and the famous lily pool. He'd have to - somehow - so on he went. If you keep going, you get somewhere - sometime!\n\nIt was discouraging, though. But Billy was a sport. He didn't cry. He felt a bit like it once when the car had left him. But afterwards, he knew it was an adventure - a real one written with big letters too!\n\nIf you meet with adventure, you have to win; it means being a real hero. And Billy meant to be one, though he felt quite small and even younger than he was\u2014 very small and rather lonely, there in that still mountain in the black woods where things cracked once in a while\u2014where once a red fox ran.\nAcross the road, what was that? It was something coming. Billy caught up a stone - his one defense. Then from out the bushes near another crossroads, a startled figure of another boy leaped. He had been crying. He was only partly dressed with trousers and undershirt. As he saw Billy, he started to run away.\n\n\"Don't go! Don't go!\" screamed Billy. He wanted to ask his way - there were lots of things that boy could tell him.\n\nBut the boy wouldn't stop.\n\n\"Wait! Wait!\" cried Billy. \"Oh, wait!\"\n\nBut the other boy darted up the bank again. \"I don't dare,\" he said. \"They'll catch me! I don't want them to! And if you don't get out of the road this minute, they'll run right over you \u2014\" He gesticulated wildly. \"Get out of the road,\" he cried. \"Get out,\" he screamed, \"quick! Don't you know the Indians are coming?\"\nAnd he darted off into the deep woods again.\n\"Indians!\" ejaculated Billy Cory. But he had no time to say more. Around the curve of the road they came with a wild rush, and as they reached the place where Billy had been standing, they set up a wild yelling that was simply beyond anything Billy Cory had ever imagined - Indians could do, even at their best! From around a tree trunk, he watched, his eyes popping out in amazement.\n\nNobody would have thought there were Indians in the woods nowadays. Indians had gone long ago except on reservations! But these were the kind he read about - the ones who lived in the old days. They looked neither to right nor left - they rushed yelling through the woods.\n\nThey were gone!\n\nAt least Billy thought so. He peeked from around the tree trunk to see what more there might be, and then he came face to face with\nAn Indian seized hold of him, and one who had Billy in a grip on his blouse. Billy endeavored to free himself. But it was to no avail.\n\n\"No, you don't,\" the Indian said in clear everyday English. \"I've got you now!\"\n\n\"Let me go! I'm lost. I've got to get home!\"\n\n\"Yes, you're lost all right,\" the Indian replied. \"I'll let go if you promise to march straight ahead of me where you belong.\"\n\n\"I don't belong to you,\" Billy retorted. \"I want to know my way home.\"\n\n\"The way home is straight where you belong,\" the Indian growled, releasing him with one hand and brandishing a tomahawk with the other. \"Now, young man \u2014 walk!\"\n\n\"I'll do it because I have to,\" Billy responded, \"but it's no fair. I only want to know the way home!\"\n\n\"I suppose you were going there when I caught you hiding.\"\n\n\"You didn't catch me hiding!\"\nThere was nothing to do but go on with the Indian tramping behind, tomahawk in hand. Billy wasn't going to be scared - this was adventure! He knew a hero - a real one - would escape and get home to Aunt Prescott by three-thirty. He hoped the lizards were all right and not hurt in the pocket of his sweater. How he was going to get home seemed a problem.\n\n\"You needn't think you'll get any chance to hide again,\" said the Indian, giving Billy a punch. \"Trot right on, son!\"\n\n\"I wasn't hiding. I got lost out of an automobile!\"\n\n\"You did, did you?\" There was sarcasm in the tone. \"Maybe you'll be telling me soon you aren't scared of any bear and that you never saw one, and were never asked to do stunts in its enclosure!\" The Indian laughed.\n\n\"I wasn't,\" declared Billy.\nThe Indian roared, \"Mr. Twain and Mr. Nealy? You know that's Mr. Zeigler!\" Billy stopped and faced him. \"Are you making movies?\" Billy squealed delightedly. \"I was going to Mr. Zeigler's house with Mr. Twain and Mr. Nealy, and I got lost from the rumble seat of their car. You've got the wrong boy; I saw him! It's all clear now - the Indians are making a picture on the other side of the wood, and somehow, I was taken for the boy who had some part he was running away from \u2013 something about doing stunts with a bear! I don't have to make you go. I want to stay.\"\nA boy came to Mr. Zeigler, exclaiming, \"See Mr. Zeigler; he'll help me!\" They entered a clearing where a man with a megaphone stood, identifiable as the big director, Adolph Zeigler. Billy rushed towards him, passing a rough cabin inhabited by Indians and movie men working. They shouted for him to leave, but he reached Mr. Zeigler. \"Mr. Twain and Mr. Nealy are on their way to see you in Bakersfield, Mr. Zeigler,\" the boy panted. \"They took me in their rumble and I got lost. I promised my Aunt Prescott I'd be home at three-thirty if she'd let me go with them, and I'm afraid everyone is worried about not knowing where I am.\" Mr. Zeigler looked astonished and called out, \"Stop! I wonder if you are a boy.\"\nA man here was a coward - or not? We had one to do a part - a part with a tame bear, and not even a bad one! But we have him in the enclosure all wired in, and the boy we had to act as the little Indian just wouldn't go into the cage. He was a regular first-class coward of a boy - he won't make a Junior Cooglan ever! You want to try, if I promise to send you home afterwards in a car? It's a bargain and some money besides. Understand, son?\n\nBilly just grinned. \"Lead me to the bear,\" he said. \"I'd like to do it! Want me to do stunts too? Shall I do stunts? I can, you know - I always wanted to be in a movie! Oh - what do you want me to do?\"\n\n\"Get into the dress,\" snapped Zeigler. \"Then I'll tell you. And I guess you'll be all right and get home by three-thirty!\"\n\nAs he was being made up like a real boy\nA Indian learned his part had belonged to Budge Summers, who was afraid of the bear. Everyone laughed at Budge Summers for it. The bear was big but wouldn't hurt one, they all said. But Billy was so excited, he didn't really mind what kind of bear it was. They led him to the enclosure and put him in. It was a cage like the woods but wired in. Motion-picture men were in it.\n\nMr. Zeigler told Billy what to do and questioned him about stunts. Billy told about the lily-pool and somersaults and other accomplishments. He even demonstrated some.\n\nMr. Zeigler was delighted. \"At it, boy!\" he cried. \"You're great! Your style is just great! You're miles ahead of that other one. I'll run you in another cast. I'm glad the other one went away!\"\nWise boy, run away and find you! Billy felt immensely proud. And the bear was fine! He was the nicest sort. He could dance and he let Billy leap over him. The movie camera men got it all\u2014 the handsprings Billy turned\u2014the somersaults\u2014and then Billy showed how much he liked that bear and pretended to dance with him until Mr. Zeigler said it was enough. Afterwards, he tried some other stunts like letting Billy pet the bear as if it were a big dog and sit on his back and put his hand in his mouth. The bear evidently liked Billy. They almost dragged Billy away from him!\n\nWhen Billy came out of the cage, there wasn't Mr. Twain coming through the woods and Mr. Nealy too. Both looked rather worried, but their faces broke into smiles as they saw Billy's rig. And how they did roar with laughter when they heard Billy's account of his encounter with the bear.\nMr. Zeigler expressed excitement about Billy's red lizards. \"Do you have them?\" he asked, peering into Billy's sweater pocket, where the lizards were hidden in a mussed-up handkerchief. Once they located the lizards, Mr. Zeigler wanted a picture of them on Billy's hand. They managed to take the picture, but the lizards escaped.\n\nMr. Zeigler's little sports car navigated the right road home, traveling at great speed. Billy talked almost the entire way as they asked him numerous questions, making for an enjoyable journey. Mr. Zeigler promised to send a check for a motion-picture camera, and there might be another opportunity for Billy to act and receive another check before camp time arrived. The experience was thrilling. Billy looked forward to returning to Aunt Prescott and sharing his story.\nBilly was recorded performing stunts in real motion pictures. They returned at 3:30 p.m. or maybe a couple of minutes earlier. Aunt was waiting for Billy with the car at the door. When she learned about everything, she said, \"Well, Billy, you're a hero! I felt sure you'd be a Douglas Fairbanks some day, but I didn't imagine it would be so soon!\"\n\n\"Are you not sorry I didn't bring the lizards?\" Billy asked.\n\nShe laughed and shook her head. \"Goldfish are better,\" she replied. \"The lizards might not have liked the rock garden any more than Budge liked the idea of the bear.\" Mr. Twain's movie was accepted later.\n\nBilly and a Castle\n\nThree weeks after camp, Billy and his parents returned East in the Old Ark. Soon after their return, the horn honked.\nIt moved down the drive to the street. Dad was saying good-bye to Mother and Billy. He had to hurry to keep a business engagement with the man who had telephoned long distance. Billy's usual Saturday afternoon drive with Mother and Dad was spoiled.\n\n\"What am I to do with myself all alone this whole afternoon?\" Billy tried to look cross, but grinned instead. \"You ought to bring me something pretty nice, Dad, after spoiling my holiday. The gang's all gone away!\"\n\nDad looked sorry. \"Maybe I'll bring you a new auto - this year's make!\" he called back. \"But I have to find the right kind of school property for my client. You can go look it up, if you want something to do. If you find anything, I'll give you a ten-dollar bill!\"\n\nHonk! Honk! He was gone.\n\nA long afternoon lay ahead of Billy. In the evening there was Granny's birthday party.\nAfter a week of downpours, the sky was clear, cloudless, mild, and blue. The wind seemed in a hurry to reach far places. It was a day that made one long to go somewhere and do something! It was not a day to stay indoors and fix up a stamp collection, even though Billy's hobby was one of an ardent collector. Maybe Skippy Smith could go somewhere \u2013 Skip had a stamp that Billy wanted. Billy rushed to the telephone. \"Hello, Skip \u2013 that you, old man! Are you busy? Do you want to go along with me? I have a dandy stamp to swap with you.\"\n\nThe deep voice of Skippy's elder brother, George, answered. \"Why, hello yourself, Billy! Skippy's up at Lake Connover. I wanted Skippy to go on a hike.\" Billy's voice showed his disappointment. \"I haven't anyone to play around with. My dad had a fishing rod.\"\nA client, a man who wants to buy school property to start a school, called. I didn't want to go anywhere that much.\n\n\"Come along with me,\" suggested George. \"Tell your mother you'll stay the night at camp with Skippy. We'll get you home by ten-thirty tomorrow morning. Come on! I'm going over to the lake in ten minutes - in my little new second-hand car. Come along; Skippy will be tickled.\"\n\nBilly's heart pounded. Then he remembered Granny's birthday party. Dad was hurrying home for that, and of course, he couldn't go to Lake Connover with George.\n\n\"Say, I have an idea! I can't go all the way with you, but I can go part way, if you drop me near the trolley, so I can get back to Wherebee and home in time for supper. Could you?\"\n\n\"Sure,\" said George.\n\n\"Then I'll be over,\" said Billy.\n\nMother looked a bit doubtful when he said that.\nShe asked him, but disappointment shadowed Billy's face. \"Son,\" she said, \"I can depend on you to take good care of yourself. I suppose George knows all about cars. If you should have a blow-out or miss the trolley, telephone home. Do you have money?\"\n\nBilly nodded and hugged Mother for letting him go. He met George and \"The Cricket\" and climbed up in the seat. He felt very grown-up with George, who talked to him as if he were his own age. He heard all about how George painted the Cricket, all the garage gossip, whose car was the best, how much money George had - he was a little low, or he would have stopped and treated to a soda in Milford as they whizzed through. And in Bristol, Billy treated George to an ice cream.\n\nThen George suggested, if they went a roundabout road, they could go by way of Walnut Street.\nAt the top, they could see Lake Connover. He would go that way if Billy was willing. Billy was, as long as he could get the trolley back. The Cricket climbed the hills with effort. They had to stop to cool off the engine. Then they saw the view. George pointed out the camp, a tiny speck by the blue mirror of lakeside. \"Lucky I can save on gas going down there. I'm sure I'm short on gas. Maybe I'll have to drop you and let you hike it a ways into Salem to that trolley, old man. I don't want to buy gas in Salem. I can get it for less at the lake.\" Billy assented with a grin, even though he didn't much relish being left on a road he didn't know. \"Salem has a trolley, doesn't it?\" he asked. \"Sure.\" \"Then I can make it.\" \"Course you can. I'm sorry this had to happen.\"\nAt a junction of four roads, George slowed down. \"Here you are. I'll tell Skippy about the stamp you want. I'll remember - the Lindbergh one. He has two.\"\n\nGeorge opened the door of the Cricket just as a farm wagon slowed down to pass them, a shaggy dog barking on its seat beside a pleasant-looking man. \"Say,\" George hailed the farm-cart, \"are you going Salem way? Here's a boy who wants to get to the trolley.\"\n\nThe man pulled rein and nodded. \"Goin' part way,\" he said. \"Give you a lift as well as not.\"\n\nSo there was Billy sitting beside the dog and the Cricket disappearing into the distance. They went a long way, winding about and about. They didn't talk much. After a while, the farmer stopped at another crossroad.\n\n\"Here you go,\" he announced. \"I go other way. Now, if you're headed for the Salem trolley, son, you just go straight along, mind the intersection.\"\nYou come to a pine wood. See? You go along. Come to two stone posts leading into the old Laverne Place - lions on them, you can't miss them. Turn in. No dogs or anything to bother there! The old place's been tight shut for years. Go up the drive, and when you get to the house, there's a path across the fields. Go straight along, and you'll meet that Salem trolley, as my dog's name is Buster!\n\nBilly turned up the road, whistling to keep himself company. It was lonely, but he remembered that when Byrd was a lad, he went all around the world alone! He thought of Lindbergh, too, on his great adventure - did he have company?\n\nA red squirrel scolded from a branch. The wind played a lonesome melody in the branches of the tall pines in the pine wood; a hawk soared overhead with a cry; a little bird sang.\nA green gartersnake wiggled across the muddy road. Billy spotted a brown hare, which jumped and ran. A tiny warbler hid in leafage and sang a lovely song. Billy continued on, until he reached a bend in the road where two granite posts stood, each side of a disused driveway. Two imposing stone lions guarded a heavy iron chain strung between the posts. The overgrown drive led through a long avenue of pines. Billy couldn't see where it led \u2013 there was no glimpse of the old Laverne Place.\n\nBilly bent double under the chain. On all fours, he examined the tangle. It reminded him, in its overgrown wildness, of pictures of Sleeping Beauty's wood in the picture book Dad gave him when he was little. Yes, it was like the road to some castle! He picked his way through the tangle, wondering what the old Laverne Place held.\nmust have been like once-upon-a-time! Billy imagined himself a knight in shining armor going to rescue somebody imprisoned in a castle. It was fun to think about, only such things didn't happen nowadays!\n\nThen the road turned, and there stood Billy gaping with astonishment. It was a real castle, a great gray stone castle, towers and everything! It was as near a real castle as he had ever seen, even though it had no moat and really was just an imposing old country residence, forsaken now. Its road probably went by many turnings toward Salem.\n\nIt was funny, though, he thought, that no one liked to live in it now \u2014 he would have jumped at the chance! The lower windows were all boarded; so were the great doors. Upstairs and in the towers, unboarded windows gazed blankly out with the unseeing gaze of a deserted home.\n\n\"Huh!\" said Billy to himself. \"Guess I have\"\nBut as he started across the lawn, he heard a loud knocking somewhere. It sounded as though it came from inside the house. Someone was pounding on the heavy oak door and calling, \"Help!\"\n\n\"What's the matter?\" Billy tiptoed over the muddy gravel and up the stone steps. \"Help! The door's gone bad on me. The catch is rusty.\"\n\nFirst, they could not budge the door, swollen as it was by heavy rains. Then, suddenly, it swung open. It carried Billy with it into a dim passageway so quickly that he lost his balance. He sprawled on the floor at the feet of another boy.\n\nThe boy wore a brown sweater and shorts. His hair was dark and tangled. \"Well, we did it,\" he cried. \"Look out, now\u2014quick! Get that door before it slams!\" He made a quick exit.\nThey grabbed at the door as it swung back. It banged against the key still outside. They were both prisoners.\n\nIn the dim passageway, Billy stopped pulling at the door. \"We have to get a window open.\"\n\n\"You're welcome to try it,\" said the other boy. \"Come on up \u2013 we'll see what we can do. It's too far to jump out of those windows, and there's no rope!\"\n\nAt the end of the passageway, a dim light filtered from the great castle hall where a wide staircase led upward to a landing. It was damp and chilly. The great rooms echoed with their steps. \"Gee! I guess we are in for it \u2013 and I wanted to get out!\"\n\n\"We have to get out,\" Billy yelled, remembering Grandmother's birthday party and his mother's anxiety if he should stay imprisoned. \"If this place belongs to you, why isn't there a hammer in it? I can get those windows up \u2013 if you can't!\"\nBut the other boy only giggled weakly. \"I don't mind seeing you do it,\" he said.\nThey had reached the wide castle stairway that led to a landing where a stained-glass window with armorial crests sent shafts of rainbow light into the great upper hall.\n\"Now, don't you go smashing things,\" the boy warned Billy. \"My uncle will be after you, if you do!\"\nBilly turned on him. \"If you've got an uncle anywhere, bring him on,\" he cried. \"Does he know you're here? What do you mean by your owning this place?\"\n\"Well, give me a chance!\" The other boy sat down on the upper step of the stairway. Billy came back and balanced on the railing.\n\"This place belongs to me. My grandmother left it to me in her will, but I was never here till today! You see, it didn't come to me until now.\"\nI'm named Laverne Lewis. My great-grandparents were a German countess and a French man. They came to America and built this castle, although I wasn't born then. My uncle calls it my white elephant \u2013 something useless we don't know what to do with. We want to sell it but it won't sell. If I had the money, I would go to school. We live in the city, and this morning we came down to look at the elephant. My uncle got a call to go back to the city and left me at the farm nearby. With the key, I just thought I'd peek in and look around. Then I got shut in with the key out.\n\"But there you were, and when I peeked out of a window, I saw you approaching from the back. So now you know all about it.\"\n\n\"It's unbelievable,\" Billy replied. He recounted his story.\n\nLaverne laughed. \"It's no use trying windows; we can't budge them. I hunted everywhere for a hammer. Even if we got a window smashed open, what could we do - we couldn't climb down.\"\n\n\"It's lucky I came to keep you company,\" said Billy. \"But you can't make me sit down and wait till your uncle gets back sometime tonight! It must be around four now, and I'm going to get out of here by five anyway! When do you expect your uncle to come back and begin looking for you?\"\n\nLarry grinned. \"I don't know.\"\n\n\"Speaking of boarded-up places,\" said Billy. \"If this doesn't take the cake! We have a real chance at treasure-hunting here. Don't you agree?\"\nalways read stories of finding treasure in a boarded-up place, or a castle? \"Well, if you want to hunt around, come along! We might try the towers, if we can find a way to get up into them! Maybe we'll find rope-ladders up there \u2014 or bags of gold \u2014 or something.\" Laverne's eyes were round, but they danced with mischief. \"More likely we'll just come on a lot of precious old dust and dirt. I'm glad I have on my old togs!\" Above, a third story was much like the second. From chamber to vacant chamber, the two reconnoitered. They could find no stairway leading to the towers. \"I'm stumped,\" declared Laverne. \"Me, too,\" said Billy. \"You wouldn't know there were any towers!\" \"I've heard of stairs that let down,\" said Billy. \"My aunt has some in her bungalow. You press a button, and the stairs to the attic let down.\"\n\"Bright boy! Let's look for a button!\" Although they knocked on the paneling everywhere and felt for buttons in the woodwork, they were unsuccessful.\n\nLaverne stopped. \"I'm stumped again. Do you suppose there might be a stair in a closet, just because someone liked to be mysterious?\"\n\n\"There might!\"\n\nThe great empty chambers echoed with opening and closing doors. Then, from where Billy had gone, there came a wild, happy yell. Laverne came at a gallop. In what appeared to be a deep closet, first unnoticed, at the side of one of the great chambers, was a passageway. Old boxes of papers, packing boxes, were there deep in dust. \"Some of your 'treasure,'\" Billy giggled as Laverne came up on him. \"See the stair - let's go up!\"\n\nYes! It was an iron stairway winding up under the towers, and they came up out of darkness into a glorious view of the surrounding countryside.\n\"But there wasn't any rope ladder there! Old-fashioned books and packing boxes of old papers were piled there, tied up with tape.\n\n\"It's fun to be up here and look down,\" said Laverne. \"I have another bright idea.\n\n\"Tell it!\"\n\n\"Let us stay and starve here.\"\n\n\"I won't starve. I have a chocolate bar in my pocket \u2014 want some? I have a better idea than you!\n\n\"What?\n\n\"It's about your white elephant. You want to sell, and my dad promised me ten dollars if I found a school location. It has to be suitable for a prep school \u2014 see? Well, isn't your elephant just it? It'd make a dandy prep school. We'll get my dad and your uncle together, and you'll sell it. You said you wanted to go to a boarding school, didn't you?\"\n\nBilly went on, his face flushed with excitement.\"\nIf I were rich, we'd have a bully time - the two of us together. I'm glad I met you anyway. I like you too, Laverne said. Maybe your dad will get rich. You'll have a new auto, and he gets a fat commission! Billy nodded, picking at the papers that edged out of the packing box on which he was seated. I want to get rich - some way - so I can come to school here with you. Think of the things we could do, Laverne suggested. Boy, see the athletic field over there! See the dormitories downstairs - the classrooms and the auditorium and the gym. Billy ignored the suggestions. Don't I see it all? I might work my way through - shining the other fellows' boots! \"If I were rich, I'd ask you to come to my school!\" \"It wouldn't be yours, if you sold it!\" Billy reminded him.\n\"Then sell something you have and get rich!\"\n\"Um-hum - my stamp collection, maybe-\nYou interested in stamps, too? I just knew\nwe liked the same things. But I wouldn't sell\nmine - no, sir!\"\n\"Me, either,\" said Billy. \"I know a boy -\nSkippy Smith- who bought an album from\nanother fellow for three dollars - cash. The\nother fellow was just dumb - that stamp\ncollection is some wonder, and valuable, too!\nI'm after some of Skip's stamps - I'm going\nto try to get them in trade.\" He kicked the\npacking box crossly.\n\nA thick cloud of dust made him sneeze.\n\"Cachoo-cachoo-caehoo!\" He thought it so\nfunny that he pretended to sneeze more and\nmore violently. \"CACHOO-OO-OO!\" he went\nand just then the lid of the packing box\ncracked under his weight with a snap and\nlet him down into depths of something soft\nand dusty.\n\nHe put out his hands to save himself. They\ncame in contact with soft, dusty material.\nHe excitedly uncovered some old packages filled with letters. \"I've struck it rich!\" he exclaimed. \"These could be stamps \u2013 old stamps! Look here!\" He tore off the wrapping and revealed strange old postmarks and foreign stamps, bearing the imprint of castles and dated 1859.\n\nLaverne looked amazed. \"These must be Aunt Granny's old letters. Uncle mentioned she knew many interesting people and had traveled extensively. If that's true, Uncle intends to publish some of them.\" He sat down next to Billy on the floor, and they began to examine the packages.\n\nThere were stamps of all kinds \u2013 rare and unusual ones!\n\n\"Mine!\" declared Laverne. \"The letters are mine too. Here's how we'll proceed \u2013 we each keep the stamps we want. I'm giving you what you find because I like you. We'll keep the letters in order and open the packages!\"\n\n\"You're a great guy!\" the boys squealed with delight.\nLaverne found the full series of Hamburg castles, not just on letters but in letters. Someone before them had been a collector too! Laverne's own pile had duplicates of Billy's. They were so absorbed that they forgot they were imprisoned. They forgot about the trolley and everything else! Those boxes were simply a treasure mine of old stamps! Why, some must have been worth ten dollars to seventy \u2013 maybe more!\n\n\"I have a stamp catalog; we'll look them up,\" said Laverne. \"I'm giving you this one, Billy \u2013 I mean it.\"\n\n\"It's a find. It's worth all of $250 \u2013 Mesopotamia, 1913! I have another just like it.\"\n\n\"Say \u2013 don't you give it away.\"\n\n\"I will too \u2013 to you \u2013 so you can come here to school.\" Laverne grinned. \"I bet we'll find others to make up your full tuition. You'll be able to attend my prep school, Billy.\"\nBut just then both boys froze, looking questioningly at each other. A deep voice was heard speaking, unmistakably from the passage where the stair led up to their tower.\n\n\"Your uncle?\" asked Billy.\n\n\"No,\" said Laverne. \"What shall we do?\"\n\nBut there was no chance to do anything, for a heavy tread came on the stairs. They slid their stamps into their pockets and jumped to their feet. All around them lay the packages of old letters.\n\nA tall man came up the stairs and confronted them. The two looked at him, not knowing what to say in their surprise.\n\n\"Boys here?\" he said pleasantly but with a start. \"How appropriate! In fact, I had already seen boys here!\" He laughed softly. \"I've been seeing boys ever since I came inside\"\nThis old Laverne Place. He called to someone behind him. That person peeked up the stair, and it was Billy's own dad! The man behind him must be his client.\n\n\"Why, Uncle!\" said Laverne.\n\n\"I found your prep school, Dad,\" piped up Billy. \"Hand over the ten-dollar bill!\"\n\n\"I will,\" replied Dad solemnly. \"Then you can tell me how you happen to be here.\"\n\n\"Then you can tell us if it's sold \u2014 we both want to come here to school together! I have \u2014 I have a stamp Laverne gave me to pay part tuition, Dad.\"\n\n\"We have lots of stamps, and Billy's going to have half of them. Laverne began to hold out the stamp for Uncle to see. \"Granny's old letters, I think\u2014the ones you wanted to find.\"\n\nUncle nodded. \"You two can go over them and take the stamps. I knew she collected rare stamps too. There was quite a collection in a big stamp album; I told you about it.\"\nThey found an old stamp album in a pile of books. Laverne asked, \"What's this pile of books hiding, He turned them over and brought to light the splendid album. \"Granny used to like this tower room,\" he explained. \"She could come here and look off over the country, get away from other things. I bet she had her boxes of letters brought here to look them over sometimes. And when they took the things from this place - furniture - no one thought to look up here, even if they knew of the secret stairway!\"\n\n\"Let's see the album! We've found a treasure, Bill!\" Laverne exclaimed. \"Was it your bright idea?\"\n\n\"No, yours!\" they both laughed.\n\nBut Dad put his hand on Billy's shoulder. \"Young man,\" he said, \"we'll come back, but now we must go. I have the Old Ark downstairs and there's room in it for two young men who are soon going to a new prep school - the best in the whole country, mind you!\"\n\"As far as Salem, we'll ask Laverne to come home with us next Saturday. I might take you both there to play with stamps when we discuss the school project. Laverne, Billy exclaimed. I won't have to find the trolley! Come on - I'm ready. Dad, may I stop on the way home and buy a big box of candy for Grandmother with part of the ten dollars you owe me? And they all chuckled.\n\nBilly and the Gypsies\n\nSoon after the castle adventure, Billy's family went to the country. Each summer, Mother spent a few weeks at the farm. Billy wanted Laverne - Larry for short - to visit him. So it was arranged. It was just after Mother telephoned from Woodville, long distance, to Mrs. Kelley. \"Be careful to keep the cottage locked. Mrs. Chandler, where I am staying, just lost all her old silver, a valuable necklace, and other items.\"\nMrs. Kelley thought the gypsies took her things and couldn't trace them. They might have taken the road to Holbrook. Look out.\n\nMrs. Kelley was locking the windows. She came upon Billy, adding the last touches of bandanna and wide straw hat to his toilet. He was going to the station five miles away \u2013 Holbrook Junction \u2013 to meet Larry, who was coming on the up-train that noon. Larry was coming for a two-week visit.\n\n\"Too bad Mom and Dad took the car,\" Billy mused. \"I have to hitch up Peg and go after him! I'm going now, Mrs. Kelley \u2013 goodbye!\"\n\nYes, too bad the new car had gone to Mrs. Chandler's Garden Club meeting! But Billy found Pegasus in the field and hitched him to the old express wagon. He had never used that wagon before. Usually, he rode Peg. But it was all right. Mr. Daniels had given him permission \u2013 any time.\nMr. Daniels said, \"I know you're responsible, Billy. You can be trusted. Take Peg; it's all right.\" The express cart with Billy on its front seat jogged off down the wood road toward Holbrook Junction. The road went on to Woodville, but it was too bad for an automobile - just a rough country road through woods. He didn't meet anyone.\n\nAs Billy had passed the general store, a mile from the Cory cottage, George, the clerk, was outside. \"Don't go off with those gypsies,\" he called as a joke. \"If you want huckleberries today, I have some -\" Billy nodded. In his pocket was twenty-five cents for those huckleberries. Mother had told him to bring them home. There was also ten cents for lemon soda to treat Larry when they stopped on the way home.\n\n\"Get your fortune told\u2014,\" called George.\nBut Peg trotted nimbly and fast, no time to think up an appropriate word, so Billy flapped the reins. He turned into the short cut to the station by way of that rather lonely road to get there a bit ahead of train time \u2013 to be quite sure to be there when Larry came. Whoop-la \u2013 there'd be something doing all right when Larry came. Billy's thoughts danced. And then, looking ahead, he caught sight of something bright through the bushes at the side of the road. It was a gypsy wagon loaded with all manner of gypsy household stuff! There were two men and two women. They were talking heatedly. One of the men had something in one hand \u2013 it looked like a heavy bundle. They seemed surprised to see a wagon coming up that deserted road.\n\n\"I tell a nice fortune, young man!\" cried one of the women.\nOne woman wore great gold earrings and had many skirts of different colors on. \"I tell a fine fortune,\" she said. But Billy shook his head. \"Get up, Peg,\" he said.\n\nBut as luck would have it, he had to stop. The rear wheel of the express cart sounded queer, but Billy supposed it was all right. Its axle was loose, and just after Billy had passed the gypsies, the nut rolled off into the soft road.\n\nIn a twinkling, he had the nut in his hand. But he could not get it back on the wheel properly. There was nothing to do but call back to the gypsies, \"Say, can you lend a hand?\"\n\nThe man with the bundle spoke to the other. And, taking his time, the other ambled over to Billy on the road. \"I'll fix him,\" he said. He took the nut and put it back on.\n\nBilly stood watching.\n\n\"Pay,\" said the man, giving the wheel a spin.\nfinal kick with his heavy boot. He held out a dirty palm.\nWell, nobody Billy had ever met on the road in dad\u2019s car ever took money for helping in road trouble. But he fished in his pocket and took out a quarter. \u201cSorry,\u201d he said. \u201cIt\u2019s all I got.\u201d\nBut the gypsy woman who told fortunes had come up. \u201cI bet you've got a fine fortune in your hand,\u201d she ingratiated. \u201cCross my palm with silver \u2014 I tell you all. Don\u2019t you want to know all of the fine fortune I tell you?\u201d she asked, laying a dark hand on Billy\u2019s shoulder. It had many gold rings. But it was dirty.\nFrom under the hand, Billy slid out. He climbed to the wagon seat. \u201cI don\u2019t believe in fortunes,\u201d he said. \u201cAnd I\u2019ve only got ten cents \u2014 you don\u2019t tell fortunes for that!\u201d\n\u201cSure, sure!\u201d she insisted. \u201cI\u2019ll tell your fortune! Let me see \u2014 you\u2019ve got a fine one, I bet!\u201d\nBilly grinned. He pulled the ten cents from his pocket and handed it to her, gravely bending down from the high wagon seat. Her fingers were on his wrist. He laughed.\n\n\"Pitch in,\" he said.\n\n\"Long, long life, young man,\" whispered the gypsy. \"Much travel. You will get married sometime. Be careful -- never trust a dark, dark friend -- Money? -- you will get money all right! -- You will get other things too -- You will be somebody some day -- see! You will find something pretty nice too -- I don't know what -- But you watch out. You are very lucky. Bright young man. Something good is coming your way -- bet --\"\n\nHe was looking at Peg, shaking his head at a fly. He felt a pressure on his wrist, soft.\n\n\"You will be rich, very rich, very lucky,\" the gypsy woman said. \"That's all I tell you for a dime -- You will get money -- come back -- I tell you all!\"\nHe thanked him and lifted the long whip from its socket. If she didn't let him go, he had the whip, he thought. Peg would go fast. But she fell back, and as he turned his head, he saw her returning to the gypsy wagon. He caught sight of two gypsies entering the woods. One was the man carrying the lumpy package. What were they doing there? But Billy dismissed it. He wanted to put distance between himself and them. They were a tricky lot. They might want to steal Peg, but with Billy on the seat and the whip, oh, they couldn't try that! The wheel was all right now; Peg galloped on at a fast trot. What was that? The whistle of the up-train! He mustn't miss it. He emerged from the turning to Holbrook Junction just in time. There was the train slowing down. There - there was Larry.\n\"Hi there! Here I am! Some turnout. Wait, I have to see to my trunk - do you take it? Guess you'd better send it up by Wilson. He'll take it. I kinda thought we'd go take a drive before going straight home. We don't want to be bothered with the trunk. Wait; I'll help. I found Wilson. It was arranged. The two climbed onto the broad seat of the cart. Larry disposed of his overcoat. He held a package in his hand. This is my lunch, he said. Father's housekeeper made me take it. I'll wager she put something good inside, but I hate to eat on a train when I'm by myself - I have something for you, Billy - in my trunk - You'll like it! I brought my stamp album: we can do it nights. I got a whole lot to swap off with you - I know what you brought me, giggled Billy.\"\nBilly delighted, \"Candy - chocolates - Dad sent them - I brought them for you. Wait -\" Peg halted. They were jogging homeward. Billy pulled the reins, \"Whoa!\" he said. \"Now, see here, we have to decide what we'll do. Suppose we make that lunch a picnic - say what? - Say we go somewhere nice and eat it and take a nice drive? Where to?\" \"I don't know - anywhere -\" Billy looked at his wrist, \"We have a lot of time,\" he said, mechanically. His watch was gone! That light-fingered gypsy! She did it - he knew when, too! \"Say, Larry,\" he exclaimed, \"My watch - the watch Uncle Billy gave me for Christmas - it's gone! There was a gypsy who wanted to tell my fortune - and I let her - and she took it! I'm going straight back there and get it back! It was a swell silver watch - She took it while I was watching Peg.\"\n\"But 'she' won't return it,' said Larry. \"But we can go there.\" Peg rushed down the road they had come over. They talked about the gypsies. \"You'll have to be careful,\" Larry cautioned. \"You can pretend you dropped your watch. Don't accuse her. Maybe she'll be afraid to keep it and give it back.\" But when they reached the spot, no gypsy was there. \"I hear a brook around here,\" said Billy. \"I'm going to give Peg a drink. There's a little pail in the back. We could eat your lunch here too. It's pretty here. We can sit right on this seat and eat. Then we can decide what to do next. Wish we could drive over to Woodville where Mom and Dad are. It's a garden party\u2014kind of all-day one, I guess. But I'm not dressed up.\"\nI. Larry and I were going, and I wasn't asked, anyway. Only Mrs. Chandler has a lake in her place, and if we could go, we could go rowing. Larry was undoing the wonderful box of lunch. From it, Billy's eyes looked casually to the ground. Something held his gaze. It wasn't a sparkling dewdrop catching the sun; it was a ring - a diamond! He was all excitement. \"Wish they'd dropped my watch instead,\" he cried. \"You take care of this. Put it somewhere safe - I'll take the pail and get the drink for Peg.\" Larry was busy setting out the lunch on the seat of the express cart. My, but it looked good: stuffed deviled eggs, ham sandwiches, nuts, an apple and an orange, a chocolate bar, two small chocolate cakes, and the ring.\n\"in his purse. \"Hurry up,\" he sighed. \"I'm hungry\u2014\" That ring was worth something \u2014must have been taken as Billy's watch was \u2014Oh, gypsies always were light-fingered. They'd find the owner \u2014 sure! But here, Billy came back from the brook. He held a finger to his lips. He did not carry the pail. \u201cSh-h \u2014 \u201d he cautioned. \u201cCome along! Leave Peg. Come an\u2019 help me \u2014 Be awful quiet! \u2014 Sh-h \u2014 I found something \u2014 I \u2014 guess we got more\u2019n the ring! \u2014 I don\u2019t know. Hurry!\u201d\n\n\"What\u2019d you find?\" inquired Larry in hushed voice as he followed Billy, beckoning from the bushes that led into the woods.\n\n\u201cSh-h \u2014 \u201d cautioned Billy. \u201cDon\u2019t know \u2014 just looks as if they\u2019d hidden something. That\u2019s all. I\u2019ll bet that was what they were jabbering about when I came along. Might be they knew the Woodville police were out after them and they didn\u2019t want to have anything\"\n\nCleaned Text: \"in his purse. 'Hurry up,' he sighed. 'I'm hungry\u2014' That ring was worth something \u2014must have been taken as Billy's watch was \u2014Oh, gypsies always were light-fingered. They'd find the owner \u2014 sure! But here, Billy came back from the brook. He held a finger to his lips. He did not carry the pail. \u201cSh-h \u2014 \u201d he cautioned. Come along! Leave Peg. Come and help me \u2014 Be awful quiet! \u2014 Sh-h \u2014 I found something \u2014 I \u2014 guess we got more\u2019n the ring! \u2014 I don\u2019t know. Hurry!\u201d\n\n\"What\u2019d you find?\" inquired Larry in hushed voice as he followed Billy, beckoning from the bushes that led into the woods.\n\n\u201cSh-h \u2014 \u201d cautioned Billy. \u201cDon\u2019t know \u2014 just looks as if they\u2019d hidden something. That\u2019s all. I\u2019ll bet that was what they were jabbering about when I came along. Might be they knew the Woodville police were out after them and they didn\u2019t want to have anything\"\nThey found it in their cart. They could bury it and afterward go back for it. I wish my watch was there. He made a cautious step, stopped, and looked around. \"I thought it was here,\" he said. \"No - here it is!\" He turned and looked all about, listened with finger to his lips. There was not a sound. Only the tinkle of the brook in the hollow came to them in liquid notes of a little waterfall over the stones. It was quite thick woods. The ferns grew high. Billy pointed. Larry looked. It was the print of a large boot on the soft soil of the damp earth where gray moss grew on a stone and shiny wintergreen leaves glistened. There was a stone near, a big stone.\n\nLarry looked. \"I don't see anything,\" he whispered. \"Go ahead, Sherlock Holmes - Yes, I know. I am being still - Hark!\" They stopped short and listened. But it was silent.\nBilly bent down. Pointing, he said, \"There were some threads from a bit of sacking. I saw them. They made me think of the package that gypsy man had when I came upon them having a row about something \u2013.\" He pointed to the stone. \"It had clearly been carried to a place where it didn't belong. There was a pile of stones a little way off. And, anyway, he could see that the whole earth right there had been dug up lately. The wintergreen over it wasn't rooted, and the stone had come from the other place.\n\n\"I just stubbed my toe on it,\" explained Billy, \"going for the water. Then I waited. It hurt. And I happened to look down \u2013 and Bet they hid something here! Let's lift that stone. Looks like a marker, to me! Right by the tree, too \u2013 to mark the place!\"\nLarry tugged. Billy helped. They pushed. They moved it a bit. Once in a while they started, stopped, listened. But there were no other sounds \u2013 no footsteps, no cracking twigs. Nor was there anyone passing on that lonely wood road. They knew Peg was all right.\n\nOnce in a while Billy peeped to see, stopping in efforts to move the stone. It was heavy \u2013 hew \u2013 but they got it rolled off. They actually did!\n\n\"Dig,\" said Billy. And the two fell to it like wild creatures unearthing a cache. They had to use their hands. Billy tried using the pail, but it was no good. It was evident the earth had been stamped down, too. It was loose earth with bits of fern in it\u2014 red berries that had gone in with the earth and small stones.\n\n\"See there!\"\n\nYes, there it was, unmistakable \u2013 a bit of old sacking! Something very hard under there! Again they fell to digging.\nAnd they lifted the covered package - it must be this - Billy's heart pounded. Traces of moisture stood out on Larry's forehead. His cheeks were flushed. They said nothing. Lifting it together, they found it heavy, a dirty package of something very heavy, all tied up tight with strong cord. Billy motioned to Larry. They put it down. They fixed it all as before - even rolling the stone back carefully. They stopped and listened. The wood was quiet. The stone was as they had found it - no one would have known. They had placed other stones in the open hole and covered them. It must look all right - if the gypsies came there - if they met them going back - they mustn't suspect Larry or Billy. Then, between the two, they managed to open it.\nGet the heavy bundle to the express cart. \"Have to hide it,\" said Billy. \"Suppose we can get it under the seat? The seat lifts up.\" There was all the lunch! Larry hastily put it back in the box, all mussed up. They lifted up the seat. They got the package of gypsy loot in there. The seat went down over it! Whew! They wiped their hot faces and dirty hands. \"Guess we'd better move on,\" said Billy in a whisper.\n\nLarry kept looking around. He was afraid they'd meet the gypsies. \"If we do, we'll just go as fast as we can, Billy \u2014 I say,\" he said under his breath, \"do you know where to report this \u2014 \" He clung to the lunch box.\n\nRight then they came to the main highway. It was not so lonely. They slowed down.\n\n\"Yes, I know what to do,\" returned Billy.\nHe drove on. \"I'll stop at the General Store and let George put the stuff in the safe.\" He looked at Larry for approval. \"What say? I have to get the huckleberries for the pie there. George will tell me what to do. And he'll charge me for the berries.\"\n\nThey slowed Peg at the General Store. \"Whoa!\" called Billy. It was a relief to know they had reached that safe destination and that the seat under the two held something nobody even suspected!\n\nLarry stayed outside, holding the reins. Billy went inside. He seemed a long time. Then he came out with George. George's eyes were incredulous and round.\n\n\"Hello, Larry,\" he greeted. \"Glad to see you back! If you'll get off that seat, now, I'll take what's mine!\"\n\nThe automobile party that was buying soda pop and drinking it with straws never even dreamed anything unusual was happening.\nBilly produced two soda-water bottles. \"Which do you prefer - sarsaparilla or ginger?\" he inquired. \"You can go wash up in the store. I did. Let's go over there by the bridge and eat. George is going to call \u2013 we'd better wait,\" he added meaningfully.\n\nLarry complied and went to wash up. George informed him that they were awaiting the Holbrook sheriff, who would be arriving in his car shortly.\n\nThey descended onto the rocks by the bridge crossing the Holbrook River. It was cool there, but not an ideal picnic spot.\n\nLarry spread out the lunch on the stones. They divided it evenly. They counted out the apple. Larry claimed it.\n\n\"Say,\" mused Billy, \"it's fortunate that we managed to escape. They might have returned.\"\n\n\"Suppose they had arrived while we were unearthing it!\" There was an exhilarating element to that notion. \"They took my watch \u2013 I'm glad I obtained what...\"\nThey stole it, mused Billy. Uncle Billy had given me that watch. I wanted it a long time - and it's gone!\n\nToo bad, said Larry. He was eating the last nut. Forget it. We're going to have a lot of sport together - the two of us, he said. I vote for a swim - too. But we gotta go home first. Here he is!\n\nIt was Mr. Freeburg, the sheriff. He sat down on the rock beside them. Smart kids, he said. I took a look at the contents of that package you found, young men; it's the silver they stole from Woodville.\n\nThey tried to hide it so they could get away safely by us till they were examined. They came through here. I got them. I've just been through their crazy cart. But I let them go just before I heard from you. Bet they're on their way back to dig up their plunder now!\n\nHe laughed. I couldn't hold 'em, he said.\nHe put his hand into his pocket. \"You lost a watch, Bill?\" he asked. \"I found this tucked inside - does it by any chance happen to be yours?\" He held it out.\n\nBilly gave a little happy cry. He caught the watch. \"Sure,\" he exclaimed joyously. \"Never expected to see it again - say, she told me I'd find something! She told me I'd be lucky! But she didn't know what she was telling me, did she?\"\n\nThey all laughed.\n\n\"Guess most of that silver belongs to that place up where your mother and father have gone,\" said Mr. Freeburg. \"It's got their initials on it. The necklace is there, too! I just phoned over. They were pleased over the news. I just said two smart young men found it - didn't say who!\" He chuckled.\n\n\"Don't know if you'd condescend to take the reward,\" he went on. \"Mrs. Chandler of-\"\nI. Fered me a lot for you. I said, \"They aren't the kind that'll take money \u2014 I expect.\" He paused. \"Billy,\" he said, \"I did let on who it was. And she said, 'Well \u2014 well! \u2014 I shall ask him and his friend over here and just give them both the time of their lives. We'll have to fix that up!'\" The two grinned at the prospect. \"I told you I wanted to take you there, Larry,\" cried Billy. \"There's a lake and rowboats! \u2014 Say, I'm glad I got my watch back! Guess we better get Peg and go along home! The trunk must be there. I want to find out what's in it that you brought me!\"\n\nII. Billy's next adventure was that of a detective. And like all the others, it came when he least expected such a thing to occur.\n\nUncle William's shining new car stopped in front of the Cory family's drive. \"Boonk! Boonk! Boonk!\" went the brand-new horn proudly.\nBilly Cory ran out of the side door of the porch, wearing a blue rubber kitchen apron of his mother's. \"Uncle Will! It's the best car you've ever had. I want to see it go!\" Uncle Will beamed down at Billy. \"Where are the folks? I came to show it to them.\" \"Gone,\" answered Billy. \"They went off in our old ark for a shopping trip to Kensington. Mother wanted me to go, and there was room. But she also wanted to take her friend, Mrs. Stivers. The twins had to go to be kept out of mischief, and Ben filled in like a sardine. So I stayed home and now, I get rewarded, don't I?\" Uncle Will grinned. \"Sure, Billy. Hop in!\" But Billy stopped short, trying to untie the rubber strings of the apron. \"I forgot. There are the lunch dishes and I said I'd do them.\"\nUncle Will said, \"Lock up and do them when you get back. We'll take a little spin to Wherebee and be back by three o'clock. They can't get home till five anyhow. I have some business to attend to, and what do you say we get some ice cream while we're there and celebrate the new car?\" Billy grinned and dashed back to the house. After vigorously slamming windows, he came dashing out again, carrying a brown paper bag.\n\n\"Say, Uncle Will, Mother's been wanting to take back a pair of shoes she bought for me at a shop in Wherebee. I have to select another pair; could we do that today?\" Uncle Will nodded, and Billy tossed the brown paper bag with the shoes into the back seat, where they fell on the floor of the sedan. The shining new car started off with a soft engine sound.\nThey went down the paved road toward Gilder\u2019s Corners and the post road to Wherebee in the new model car. Billy was pleased with it. \"This is just about right,\" he said. \"There aren't many of them around here, but if I could choose, I'd take this, just as you have, Uncle!\"\n\nUncle Will replied contentedly, watching the road ahead. They passed a red-roofed gas station, a log-cabin lunch room, and a wayside booth where the sign proclaimed, \"Hot Dogs.\"\n\n\"Are we going to change the shoes first or have ice cream?\" asked Billy.\n\n\"Shoes can wait, can't they? What kind shall it be, Billy?\"\n\nBilly reflected. \"If we're going to celebrate very much, Uncle, George's, that place in Wherebee, where we go for ice cream, has a mixture of strawberries and nuts and all kinds of things \u2014 I forget what they call it.\"\nHe lapsed into silence for a moment as he gazed at the landscape with its hurrying cars. \"You know, Uncle, I know what I'm going to be when I grow up. I just decided!\"\n\n\"What?\" Uncle Will shot ahead of the slow car that was blocking the way. He dashed ahead of a big van. Then Billy got a chance to answer. \"A detective, that's what!\"\n\nUncle Will smiled. \"Well, Billy, I've noticed that you usually observe keenly and quickly. You can reason. So you're not going to turn into a professor like me!\"\n\n\"It would be fun to be a detective,\" mused Billy. \"I think - I might do it - \"\n\nUncle Will did not answer. They were getting into traffic. Uncle Will was intent on his driving. And Billy got interested in the traffic, too. \"There, there!\" he exclaimed. \"Saw a car just like yours, Uncle! Same year and same color! It's gone now.\"\nBut the car had gone. Uncle Will never noticed it. Detectives have to see things quickly. Future detective Billy was testing his powers of observation, a game he was just beginning. He looked hard at something and tried to remember all its details. Uncle Will stopped at the junction to await the green light, then they went to George's, the ice cream place. The celebration was all it should have been in honor of the new car. Then Uncle Will said, \"Billy, wouldn't you like to order something else? You stay here and watch the car. Jim Bradley, an old pal of mine, has a shop just two doors down the street and I want to see him.\" He was gone. Billy went to the counter.\nWhere he slid up to a high stool and began to converse with Tony over the counter about which to try next. It was a most absorbing topic, for Tony was eloquent. Billy had cast an eye at the curb on leaving his table. The car was there. And then he forgot it entirely.\n\nA man came in and had iced coffee and went out. Then Billy looked for the car. Strange, it seemed to have moved. He didn't quite remember where they had parked, but he thought they had left the car nearer the door. Well, he must be mistaken. The car was there. He decided that his ability to observe correctly needed more training; a true detective should have been able to mark the very spot when asked.\n\nBilly dismissed detective business and began on Tony's new and luscious mixture \u2014 pineapple and whipped cream, and cherries! And the ice cream was green! Tony had arranged it as a surprise.\nThe dish was arranged artfully, with cherries resembling red flowers in a soft green garden, and the crushed golden pineapple against the green background looked too good to eat! \"Um-yum.\" That was all Billy said until Uncle appeared.\n\n\"We'd better get back, young man. Haven't we got to go to the shoe shop?\"\n\nAnd so Billy disposed of what was left and Uncle paid the check. They opened the door of the sedan at the curb and Uncle started off.\n\n\"This doesn't seem like your car,\" said Billy, as they sped down High Street. \"You've got the wrong car, Uncle Will!\"\n\nUncle laughed. \"It's the same car you came in,\" he said. \"Perhaps you've had too much ice cream, Billy!\"\n\nThey were going full speed now, back on the post road, and Billy leaned far back over the seat and peered down at the floor.\nTony had arranged the dish as only an artist would, with the shoes in it. They were nearing the corner where they turned for the shoe shop. Billy lurched at the turning and got a full glimpse of the floor. \"The shoe bag isn't here; it isn't,\" he insisted. \"I put it there in the back! I knew you had the wrong car.\"\n\nUncle slowed down. \"All right, if you really think you're Sherlock Holmes, Billy, you hop out and look for the bag. If it was stolen \u2013 why, you find out who took your shoes. There's the chance of being a detective for you! I bet you'll find them \u2013 just look a little closer.\"\n\nBut Billy was already out of the car looking at the license number. \"I told you so, Uncle Will. You're not in your own car at all! I said so the minute we got in!\"\nUncle turned around and they hurried back to town. He was sure Jim Bradley, his old pal, had played a practical joke on him, substituting a car of the same make and color in place of the one he had just been boasting about, the best car anywhere. He wasn't concerned, for he was sure he'd find Jim Bradley grinning and waiting their return. He had always been a practical joker \u2013 even from a boy.\n\nBut when they reached there, no! Jim Bradley looked actually worried. \"Honest,\" he said, \"I never did it. What happened is that some guy liked the looks of your car better and he stole yours. Get the police!\"\n\nUncle Will rushed to the telephone while Billy waited in the car, his eyes roving over the shop windows. In one there stood crockery \u2013 a table full of it.\nUncle returned. \"Billy, I have to go to the police station. You'd better take the bus and go home, as your Mother will worry if she doesn't find you there.\"\n\n\"All right,\" said Billy. \"I hope you get the car, Uncle. I wish I could help you.\"\n\nHe watched Uncle Will leave and then lost him in the traffic as he started for the corner where the bus always stopped. There was no bus there. While waiting, what should come along but Bunty's store wagon from his very own town? He waved frantically, and the driver saw him and slowed down.\n\n\"Want a lift home?\" he asked.\n\nIt didn't take Billy long to scramble up beside him. Nor did it take long to tell his story.\n\n\"By Jove,\" cried the driver. \"I saw a car at the police station.\"\nThey came to the Square not long ago! Without delay, he turned around and put on speed. Billy, looking ahead, cried, \"There! There! Hurry! Catch it!\" He had forgotten about the unwashed dinner dishes at home. He was beginning his career as a detective.\n\nThey raced after the car that resembled Uncle Will's new one. Billy clung tight to the side of the delivery car's high seat, and the driver of Bunty's wagon honked wildly. Ahead, they caught occasional glimpses of the car they were pursuing, and at last, they began to gain on it. The car rolled up a respectable driveway belonging to a neat white bungalow and stopped. A nicely dressed lady and a gentleman in knickers emerged. Billy looked at the license.\nNot Uncle Will's car at all - moreover, it was last year's model. So much for that! The driver of Bunty's delivery car laughed. He thought it a good joke. \"Too bad, but anyhow, you can't say we didn't try it! Come on, we have to get back now. Cars get stolen every day, and I guess your Uncle has insurance.\"\n\n\"Not yet,\" said Billy, gloomily. \"He was going to, but he always puts things off.\"\n\nThe delivery car rattled on up the post road now, and it was going at a mild rate past the Do-Drop-Inn when Billy suddenly yelled, \"Oh, there it goes!\"\n\nBunty's driver nearly skidded into the gutter as he gazed at the car flying in opposite direction past them. There it was - this year's model, exactly the thing! They couldn't see the license number, it went so fast. In it was a man - perhaps the one who'd stolen it.\n\nAnd in less time than it takes to tell it,\nBunty's delivery wagon was in pursuit! The driver reversed and they were hot on the trail! It was an exciting ride. But the car ahead gained significantly and stayed ahead, as the delivery wagon was often delayed by trucks and trolley cars that stopped at the most inconvenient moments. Up one hill and down another they raced and through Wherebee again! Close on the tracks of the other car they followed! Out of Wherebee and straight ahead to Chesterton they went \u2013 almost there, too!\n\nThe driver of the car ahead suddenly stopped. He rolled into a gas station and stopped.\n\n\"You've got our car,\" Billy squealed. \"Hand it over!\"\n\nThe man looked surprised, then angry. \"I have not. I live in Chesterton, don't I, Jim?\" He turned to the man at the gas station. \"Is this my own car or isn't it?\"\n\"It's yours,\" said Jim dryly. \"What do they take you for, anyway?\" It wasn't Uncle's car. It had a little set of initials on the doors! Nor was it his license number.\n\nBilly apologized. He told them about his uncle's car. \"And if you should see it,\" he said, \"be sure to phone the police station at Wherebee!\" They promised.\n\nThe delivery car turned foolishly, backed, and was on its homeward way again. And the clock on a building they passed proclaimed that it was now quarter past four.\n\nInto Billy's mind then flitted the thought of his mother's home-coming \u2013 a kitchen up-set with unwashed dinner dishes and the table, full of dinner dishes! As for Bunty's driver, he was silent. Doubtless, as he put on speed, he thought of all the work he had waiting to be done. Then, just out of Wherebee again, suddenly there was a report.\n\nBang! They had a puncture!\nRight ahead lay a repair shop connected with a garage. That was luck anyhow! As the repair man came to them, Billy slid from the seat of the delivery car. A good detective always keeps his eyes open, and Billy sauntered toward the nearby garage. He always liked to look at cars. He made his way slowly across its front, looking in. It was dark and cool in there and smelled of automobiles and oil and gas.\n\nBut, gracious! As he came around the side of the garage, not expecting anything at all, there, if you please, stood Uncle Will's nice new car as real as life. A mechanic was fussing over it. It was Uncle Will's car! It had his license number!\n\nBilly gasped. He rushed forward and laid a hand on the door-handle. \"Where did you get this car?\" he demanded. \"It's the car that belongs to my Uncle William \u2013 Mr. Cory! And you took it!\"\nThe mechanic paid no attention.\n\n\"It's ours,\" stated Billy. \"We could have you arrested.\"\n\n\"It's not!\" retorted the mechanic. \"I drove it out of this garage an hour ago. I just came back from Wherebee in the same car I drove over in. And this is it. Go chase yourself!\"\n\n\"It's our license number,\" retorted Billy hotly. \"Maybe you didn't steal it \u2014 maybe the cars got somehow mixed up! Did you \u2014 did you stop at George's Ice Cream Parlor in Wherebee? I \u2014 I thought that a car stopped there and a man came in while I was eating ice cream at the counter, talking to Tony!\"\n\nThe mechanic slapped his soiled overalls. \"I did that,\" he said. \"I had iced coffee and a sandwich. Were you the boy sitting at the counter petting ice cream with a spoon?\"\n\n\"I was!\" shouted Billy. \"We'd better phone the police at Wherebee. Gee, Uncle\"\nHe rushed inside the car and drew out the paper bag with his shoes in it. \"See, my shoes!\" he cried. \"I'll try them on if you don't believe me.\" They both laughed. Together, they went to the waiting room at the gas station where there was a telephone. \"I found Uncle's car!\" Billy called to the astonished driver of Bunty's wag-on. \"It's right here \u2014 around the corner \u2014 and it wasn't stolen! One of the mechanics here parked in front of George's Ice Cream Parlor when we were there and he'd driven in from here in a new car of the same make, same color, same year \u2014 see? He didn't know he'd taken anything that wasn't his \u2014 he never even noticed the license plate!\"\n\nBilly scurried to the telephone where the mechanic was giving an account of himself. \"You talk to them,\" he said. \"Your shoes are fine.\"\nUncle William was on the wire! And so it was Billy who convinced them that it was just a mix-up. Uncle William's voice came over the wire. \"Some detective you are, Billy. I'll be right over with the other car. You wait!\"\n\nBunty's driver drove off and Billy waited. It took Uncle William exactly fifteen minutes to make it. Among laughter, they drove off again in Uncle Will's nice new car, none the worse for its adventure. The shoes returned home with Billy unchanged. That would have to wait for another drive, Uncle said\u2014and another celebration.\n\n\"Well, Billy, you're a smart boy,\" he said for the forty-first time. \"You certainly have some eyes in your head and you know how to use them. How was it that you noticed any difference in the two cars? I can't think of any even now!\"\n\nBilly giggled. \"If I tell you, you'll call me Sherlock Holmes,\" he said. \"It was the tires.\"\nUncle smiled. \"Both clocks looked alike to me,\" Billy said, giggling. \"They were alike. My wrist watch, which you gave me, is always the right time. I keep it on Daylight Saving. The other car was Standard. I knew the time by my watch. And the shoe-bag was missing, and your windshield wasn't dirty, but the other car's was. Uncle Will nodded. \"Billy, you'll never be a professor like me \u2013 you'll probably be head of the detective force sometime and have an international reputation! I'm the most grateful uncle that any boy ever had, and you shall invite your gang and we'll all go to Wherebee \u2013 or some place much nicer \u2013 and have a real time together! If it wasn't for what you did, why, just think what I should have lost!\" All over him, Billy felt warm and happy.\nHe was glad of the training he had been giving himself in observation. A detective is never baffled; he does not easily give up. It was a quarter to five by Billy's wrist watch when Uncle drove to the curb in front of the Cory home. The Old Ark, that was the Cory automobile, had not yet reached home. There was still time to race through the dish-washing. And when he had done that, he set the table. At quarter to six, there was a rumble on the drive that led to the Cory's garage and a loud honking announced the Old Ark's return home with the family. Billy raced out of the kitchen door. \"Oh, say,\" he yelled. \"I have something to tell all of you! Come on in quick!\" Uncle Will came over and took me out in his new car \u2014 it's a beaut! But it wasn't quite stolen. Bunty's delivery cart driver.\nI chased after cars and then we got a puncture. I looked around and found Uncle's car myself. I was a regular detective story in myself! Mother looked at Billy and then, as she came into the cool dining room, she saw all that he had done. She opened her arms and hugged him. \"You're the best boy,\" she said. \"I know you'll be a credit to the detective force some day. But hurry up and tell us what happened!\" Billy, chest out, kitchen apron around his neck, launched into a dramatic rendering of all that had occurred since he was left at home to do the dinner dishes. He almost believed he wore a detective's badge when he patted his coat lapel at the end of the long story. \"Say, Mom, don't you really think your son will make a detective soon?\" And Mom said, \"Billy, I think you belong on the detective force.\"\nOne afternoon, Billy sat in the living room at home. Father was out of town on a business trip, and Mother had a dinner engagement, leaving Billy for the evening. He didn't care much as he was deep in a story of adventure - a real mystery. He followed the story with his mouth wide open and could hardly lift his eyes from the printed page. He had just reached the exciting moment when the pearl necklace had been stolen and couldn't wait to find out who was the guilty one. Placing a forefinger on the page to keep his place, Billy looked up from his book. He was aware that Mother was saying something important about Father. Billy was to tell Father something as soon as he came home. So Billy disengaged his attention.\n\"What's that you said, Mother? I didn't hear. Well, I wish you wouldn't spend your time reading those improbable stories, Billy. I was just saying that I left a note on a bit of paper here. You haven't been listening! I'll tell you now. Give this bit of paper with my note upon it to Father the instant he comes home this evening. It's very important. You're the only one of the family at home here and you must act with that in mind. I'm trying to make you realize how important it is and how much we all depend on you. I've just let Martha go to her sister's and I'll be over at Mrs. Benton's this evening. Martha will give you your tea.\"\nMother: \"You'll be alone till Father comes. I'm putting the paper here. There's a very important message for your father on it. Mr. Stow, Father's partner, is leaving town. As soon as Father comes in, he's to telephone the number on this slip of paper. It's an unusually important business deal they have on hand. Even Father's secretary at the office doesn't know about this, so don't lose time and above all, don't forget!\"\n\nBilly: \"I won't forget. I mean, I'll remember. Depend on it!\" His eyes sought out the printed page but he lifted them carefully to see her take it.\n\"Yes, Mother. I heard. Dad's train will not be in before eight, from Chicago. I'll tell him to call that number quickly as soon as he enters. So long, don't worry. I won't forget. It will mean an awful loss to Dad and the company if I do. But Mother still stood beside the desk, \"There are other ways, Billy.\"'\nBilly: \"Father will find instructions on the reverse of this slip of paper. You don't need to worry about it. He'll want to know what the message says. No need for you to be bothered with it. If Dad wants to know more, he can call you at the Benton's, can't he? I feel quite foresighted, but it might be safe to know what to do if Dad wants additional information. But Mother shook her head. \"No,\" she replied. \"No need. Anyway, you couldn't, for the Benton's telephone is out of order. The paper is enough.\" After seeing Mother to the door and into the waiting taxi, since the Old Ark was at the garage, Billy returned to the book with its story of the lost pearl necklace. He read until it was time to light the lamp. Then, when he could see no more, he rose from the armchair and began to think about his supper.\"\nHe hoped Martha had some of the chocolate cake that he liked - he thought he might go to the kitchen and ask her to give him some. She was there in the kitchen, already dressed and ready to go off as soon as Billy's supper was out of the way.\n\n\"Will you be liking your tea in the library on a tray, Master Billy?\" she inquired. \"I can put it there beside the open fire. It will be more cosy being by yourself, maybe. I always say, 'Give me an open fire and a tray when I'm by myself. You can eat a bit and enjoy a bit.' \"\n\nBilly went back to the library. He threw himself down upon the couch before the fire, right in front of the library table. He was in pursuit of the thief whom he thought had the necklace when the library door was opened. Being deep in the story, he didn't notice who had opened it.\nHe was aware of Martha's presence moving about. He knew she set his tray down somewhere and left. And he was not aware of anything more till the grandfather clock in the hall struck eight in chimes. He threw himself down upon the couch. \"Oh, goodness,\" he exclaimed aloud to himself. \"Oh, my! I forgot supper was there - chocolate cake too!\" Yes, there it was on the library table - a cold toasted sandwich, lettuce, chocolate cake, baked apple and cream, and a pitcher of milk. My, but it did look good! Martha must have gone by now, locking the kitchen entry door with her keys. He was alone. It felt queer to be alone - the clock ticking, the fire snapping, the cat rubbing up to his legs because it too feels the loneliness. Billy bent down and petted Methuselah, sleek and black and purring. \"All by ourselves,\" he said aloud. \"Now, I'm going to...\"\nHe propped his story book against the lamp on the library table. He had to take Methuselah down from the table. Methuselah wasn't hungry, but he did love to walk all over the table - cats always seemed to like to do that. Billy munched as he ate. And at last, the chocolate cake was all gone, and the milk pitcher was empty. All that remained of the cold toasted chicken sandwich was a crumb or two on an empty plate.\n\nWhen alone, Billy usually helped by taking his tray into the kitchen. He rose and carried it in there and came back. The house seemed unusually still. Soon he was back on the couch with Methuselah curled close to him. The two kept each other company. The story progressed and the plot thickened. Billy hadn't yet found out who took the pearl necklace. He was so busy focusing on the story.\nFollowing the clues of the mystery story, Billy was surprised when the front door opened and shut with a bang. His father walked into the library, already past ten o'clock. But Billy remembered. He efficiently handled the situation.\n\n\"Hello, Dad,\" he greeted. \"Before you take off your overcoat, there's a paper Mom left on the library table for you. She said I was to tell you the instant you arrived. You're to call the number right now, and there's a message about it written on the back of the telephone sheet \u2013 a little blue paper \u2013 on the library table!\"\n\nBilly raced to the table ahead of his father in his eagerness to show which paper it was, but that bit of paper was not there!\n\n\"Where is it?\" Father inquired. \"I don't see any blue paper. What did you do with it?\"\n\n\"Why, I didn't touch it,\" Billy gasped.\n\"Mom put it right there. She's gone to the Bentons. She said it was no good to call her because their telephone was out. It was all there on the paper - what you were to do. Someone called her. I don't know who.\n\nFather was searching on the table, moving the pen tray, looking under books. Billy was on all fours under the library table and yet nowhere was there any slip of blue paper.\n\n\"It must be here somewhere!\" exclaimed Billy. \"It must, Dad. I haven't touched it. Mom put it right there in plain sight. Nobody but Martha and Methuselah have been in this room and the message couldn't just get up and walk off by itself, you know.\"\n\nThey went through the library wastebasket, but the blue paper slip was not there either. It was Mr. Cory who asked about Martha. 'You don't suppose Cook or Martha took it?'\"\nHe asked, \"Did you find it, Billy, clearing things up?\"\nBilly responded, \"No, I didn't.\"\n\"Cook was out, and Martha just came in with my tray. She then went to her sister's,\" he explained. \"I'll go call her sister.\"\nAlthough he reached Martha, she knew nothing of the slip, but she did mention she had seen it on the table when she brought in the tray. Mother could not be reached as the line was out of order.\n\"Do you have no idea what was on the paper?\" Mr. Cory questioned Billy again. \"I'll have to send for a car at the garage and drive over to the Benton's. If we can't find that paper, it means a terrible delay. It's such a long drive into the country. Billy, please help me! Try to think what you did when you were here alone. You might have absentmindedly put that slip into your book as a bookmark.\"\nLet's see your book. Father lost Billy's place in the mystery story, but there was really no bit of blue pad paper there at all. It was just the queerest thing ever\u2014 a real mystery. Where had that paper gone? If it had been a string of pearls, perhaps they would have been able to suspect somebody. But here at home, who was there? Who would take a paper like that anyway? Who would want it? Could anybody have slipped in while Billy was reading and gone off with it unnoticed? All this and more raced through Billy's thoughts as the two ransacked every cranny of the large library. Billy repeating always, \u201cBut it must be here, Dad \u2014 it must!\u201d Then the telephone bell rang. It was about the call Dad should have made. They were asking him questions and Dad didn't know the answer! Billy sat transfixed upon the library couch, paying no heed to what was being said.\nHe was thinking back, trying to solve the mystery of the blue slip. It had been right there. He had been reading with Methuselah on the couch next to him. Then Martha had entered with the tray and placed it on the library table. He moved toward the table for the tenth time and lifted the scarf that ran across it. Why was the scarf wet? Maybe the tray was wet on its bottom part when Martha brought it in with the supper. Good graces! That was an idea: suppose you put a tray down on top of a bit of blue paper and the underside of the tray was wet enough to make the library table runner wet\u2014suppose\u2014Oh, it was worth looking into. The slip might stick to the underside of the tray.\n\nWith a suppressed whoop, Billy Cory rushed out to the kitchen with Methuselah hopefully at his heels, expecting to be let in.\nBut he wasn't thinking about the cat. The tray stood on the white porcelain table. It took only a moment for Billy to run his hand underneath it. His hand met the feel of a slip of paper adhering to the wet under side of the supper tray. He rushed back to the library, waving it. \"I found it! I solved the mystery,\" he yelled to astonished Mr. Cory. \"Here it is, Dad. It was stuck to the under part of my supper tray! I knew I could solve a mystery. Give me time!\"\n\nWhen Father had conveyed the necessary information over the wire, he looked relieved. He hung up and came over where Billy sat on the couch, gazing into the glowing coals of the fire. \"Son,\" he said, \"that's all right now. A few more minutes and it might have spelled financial loss for us all! Smart lad, Billy, how on earth did you find it?\"\nBilly had solved the mystery. \"Been reading mystery stories,\" he replied with a grin. Mom didn't approve, but Billy reasoned that they made him think and reason. He revisited all that had happened regarding the blue paper and found the solution.\n\n\"Well, we'll have to read a good one aloud to Mother, won't we?\" Father answered. \"It's bedtime now. Time to turn in.\"\n\nBilly yawned, Methuselah was asleep on his lap, but his forefinger still marked a passage in the book he had been reading. \"Say, Dad,\" he asked, \"since I did solve a mystery and since I did do my duty like a hero, what say you let me finish this chapter before Mom comes back?\"\n\nWhen Mother returned, there was Billy still deep in his story.\nBilly had a hobby. Like most boys, Billy Cory collected things. But his hobby developed into an exciting adventure.\n\nHe had forty-nine cents in his pocket as he opened the door of the shabby second-hand shop on Water Street. The man in charge seemed to know nothing, his boss having gone out. Billy indicated a large Oriental plaque.\n\n\"You can have that for a dollar fifty, very cheap. Shall I wrap it up?\" the shopkeeper asked.\n\nBilly shook his head. \"Not now. Maybe later.\"\n\n\"Better now, genuine antique,\" the man urged.\n\nBut Billy Cory had left. What was the use of haggling if it cost that much?\nBilly couldn't resist the allure of the quirky old plaque, despite having no reason to want it. Collectors are like that \u2013 they just desire things they come across to add to their collections. As Billy pushed through the side door of his house and encountered his mother tending to her houseplants at the dining room window, she turned to him with a smile.\n\n\"You have the look of having found a new addition for your collection, Billy,\" she teased. \"What is it this time, a Colonial candlestick or a sugar bowl?\"\n\nBilly wrapped his arm around her. \"You can read my thoughts, can't you, Mom? But it's not that. I just saw something at the little shop on Water Street. I came home from school that way. I love to see the things in their window; they change every day.\"\nHe paused as he saw a wonderful old Chinese plate. \"I'd like that,\" he said. Mother put a hand on Billy's shoulder. \"I'm glad you didn't waste your money on it,\" she comforted. \"You need your allowance for other things. The last glass bottle was really nothing. And the old book you brought home - there must be ever so many others like it. Why don't you get a more sensible hobby?\" Billy shook his head. \"I like to run things down, Mom. Finding things is interesting. You read about them and learn a lot. And what if I don't strike anything awfully valuable, I like doing it! Really, Mom, I've got a good start on a museum.\" \"I wish you were more practical,\" she sighed.\nBut his mother ended it there. Billy raced up the stairway to his own room, still longing for the Chinese plaque, that queer thing! It would look nice over there on the shelf of his mantle with the other treasures that were his very own: the old book of 1789; the Colonial candlestick; the cracked Lowestoft sugar bowl; the pewter snuff box; the odd carved shell from the West Indies; and the wooden shoes Aunt Prescott had brought him from Holland.\n\n\"If Mom doesn't quite understand, my art teacher at school does,\" said Billy to himself. She liked to \"collect\" too. Why go and buy a pair of rubbers when a queer old Oriental plaque down in a musty second-hand shop on Water Street was so much more important?\n\nThese thoughts rambled in Billy Cory's mind as he stood before the mantle, surveying his treasures. But he was called from it.\nSister's voice in the hall: \"Bill, Mother wants you downstairs. Mrs. Overman is here about your old sugar bowl.\"\n\nSlowly, Billy descended to the living room. He greeted the caller and waited for further information. He guessed that she wanted it. She had wanted it when she had told him what it really was - he didn't know then.\n\nOf course, she was after it again. It matched some old things she already had that had belonged to her great-great-grandmother.\n\n\"It's one of my special treasures,\" Billy protested to Mrs. Overman. \"Really, I don't believe I'd ever be able to get another.\"\n\nYet the price she offered made Billy hold his breath. Soon, the deal was made. He wrapped up the sugar bowl and admiringly showed the bills to his mother, who, of course, insisted on keeping the transaction a secret.\nBilly escaped from home under the pretext of buying rubbers. He even thought Mrs. Overman was being over-generous. So, he promised his mother he would get the rubbers but also planned to buy a queer old plaque from Water Street. What luck! The plaque was much nicer than the sugar bowl. Billy had no intention of selling the plaque if he bought it. Miss Carson would be crazy about it, and he could learn more about it from her.\n\nBilly bought both the plaque and the rubbers but didn't show the plaque to his mother. He took it to his den and placed it on his mantle shelf.\n\n\"It's a beauty!\" Billy said to himself. \"Greenish ground like jade.\" Miss Carson often talked about jade. She had taught Billy about the color of jade pottery.\nIts strange, varied colors and the design of raised enamel figures. \"I'll bet that's worth something,\" Billy muttered to himself. \"I found something this time all right!\" Then he had a bright thought. \"Why wait for Miss Carson? Couldn't the man at the Museum tell him all about it right now? It was only four-thirty and he could reach the Museum by five.\n\nIt didn't take long for Billy to wrap up his treasure carefully and rush out the back way toward the bus that passed by the city Museum. He had spent many afternoons there, wandering about. He already knew some of the guards.\n\nBut it was really almost closing time as Billy got there. And the guard refused to let him in. Despite Billy undoing the plaque and showing the urgency of his errand, the guard refused and pointed to the clock.\n\nLuck, for the second time that day, was not on Billy's side.\nA tall man in gray appeared next to Billy, seeing him with the large Oriental plaque, pleading with the guard. The man stopped. \"What is it, son?\" he asked, referring to the plaque with respect. He almost sounded as if Billy had no business having it.\n\nBilly defended himself, \"I just wanted to ask someone about my plaque,\" he explained. \"It's part of a collection I'm making.\"\n\nThe man examined the treasure carefully for several seconds and listened attentively to Billy's account of his collection and the acquisition of this last treasure. He invited Billy back into his office.\nThe guard was closing up and the clock indicated past five. In the office, he explained, \"Yes, this is a treasure indeed, it really is! Famille Vert.\" It was old Chinese, probably late Seventeenth or early Eighteenth century, a rare specimen. But since art had been much cheapened in the Eighties, it was easy to understand how Billy had secured this. The museum director explained, \"There's a great deal that has no actual value. Somehow, though, you just hit it! It's worth a good deal. It is at least 200 years old. Do you want to sell it?\" Billy's heart pounded. The sum the director offered was huge. He really wanted it. He said he knew they'd vote to buy it, for sure. Maybe they could make it a bit more. In the gathering dimness of the office.\nHe led Billy upstairs to the hall where the antique Chinese potteries stood upon their glass shelves, glorious in coloring and design. It was then that Billy knew what he was going to do. \"I think,\" he said, \"I'd like to give this to the Museum. I can come here and see it, you know. It only cost me a dollar-fifty and I couldn't make all that money on it and feel right. Besides, I'd be so proud to be able to give a real thing to the Museum! Even if I just had luck, I'd like to make it count that way!\"\n\nTogether they put the great Chinese antique in the safekeeping of an inner room that the director unlocked. The director expressed his thanks most graciously and said the other directors would also. Then he added, \"If ever you want to go further with your collection, you have chosen an interesting hobby. I have something to suggest.\"\nNow, how would you like to come here Saturdays mornings and afternoons and work at little odd jobs? We need a boy whose interests lead him in such a direction. You might even work up, and you surely would learn much that would be of help to you in your own private collecting.\n\nThere wasn't much to say except, \"I'd like it, sir. I'll come.\" Then the two walked together to the director's waiting car and he dropped Billy at his very own door just as the family was finishing the soup course.\n\nSister's eyes were big as she heard the story. As for Mother and Father, what they said was: \"That was just luck, but it was fine! Great! We congratulate you!\"\n\n\"I got my old galoshes too, Mom.\" And he added, \"Want to come with me Saturday and see my plaque in the Museum? Won't Miss Carson be interested!\"\n\nBilly Cory had a sister. Usually, she was:\n\n(This text appears to be complete and clean, with no unnecessary content or errors to correct.)\nAs concerned in her own doings as Billy was in his, yet they were always on terms of real affection and usually at Christmas, birthday, and other holiday times they shared the family bond that brought the two together. Billy Cory's birthday became not so much an adventure for him as for his sister Anne, who wanted to give him a suitable present.\n\nIt happened this way: Mother gave a farewell hug to Anne while Billy ran back into the house to get the forgotten lunch box Father had given him. \"Anne, dear,\" said Mother, \"I'm afraid we can't get back in time for Billy's birthday \u2014 without Father and me, you'll have to be the one to make the day a happy one for Billy!\" But Billy came dashing back from the pantry with the lunch box. The motor at the curb purred, and while Billy waved again to his father, Mother gave Anne's hand a reassuring squeeze.\nassuringly, Dad and Mom were off! Down the street went the car, leaving Anne and Billy beside the gate. Inside the house was Mrs. Kelley, come to do the housework in Martha's vacation. Neither Billy nor Anne knew Mrs. Kelley. And it seemed unusually lonely as they turned to go back into the seemingly vacant house that was home. The convention to which Dad and Mom were bound was a long way off. It meant an absence of ten long days, as Mother had hinted, probably longer. And the two just had each other and Mrs. Kelley.\n\nAs they went to school that morning, Anne said, \"You know, Billy, they won't be back for the nineteenth. But I'm going to take Mother's place. We'll have a party, don't you worry!\" And Billy replied, \"Urn-hum. But I don't care about any party. There's just one thing I want and I'm not going to get it.\"\nAnne made no reply. She knew what it was - a dog. When Billy brought up the subject, Father always said, \"Yes, some time, when I can get you the right kind.\" Uncle Bill was going to take care of it. But Uncle Bill lived in California.\n\n\"I know what I'm going to get,\" Billy pursued. \"I shall have a new suit from Dad, a ten-dollar bill from Uncle, or a check. Mother will give me a new sweater and a pair of Sunday shoes. I don't want any birthday if I can't have a dog!\"\n\nAnne sighed. It was no use to say anything. She had already said all there was to say. And anyway, Billy kept repeating, \"I don't want any birthday unless I get a dog!\" He added this time, \"If I got a dog, he could go with me on my paper route and help carry papers; I could teach him tricks. He'd fetch our mail from the postman; he could ride in the cart.\"\nThe Old or new ark and take care of it for Dad, he'd be a watchdog for Mom here at home. You'd like him too. What's the use of getting clothes on one's birthday? I don't care about clothes, I get them all the time. I want a dog!\n\nThey walked on toward school without any more conversation. Conversation was useless. Yet the idea of it pursued Anne. She had only three dollars to her name \u2014 oh, yes, and thirteen cents left from last month's allowance. And that would hardly buy a dog.\n\nAs Anne pondered, it seemed hopeless to buy a birthday present for Billy, since there appeared to be nothing Billy desired except a dog. She could not buy a toy dog for a joke. No, that would be dreadful. Nor did Billy need a new necktie. Candy \u2014 what's candy? And a cake \u2014 what's a mere cake?\n\nWhile helping to set the supper table, Anne\nAnne consulted Mrs. Kelley, who renewed the subject while helping make beds mornings before school. At this time, Billy was absent with his papers. He had started in business and was saving to buy a bicycle. Anne often thought about the dog Billy wanted so much. And it was always one day closer to his birthday!\n\nAt a pet shop, she stopped to examine puppies. They cost far more than she could hope to pay. \"Twenty-five dollars is just dirt cheap,\" the man said. An Airedale, or a Scottie, or a Shepherd, or a Boston bull \u2013 all of them cost so much! \"I'll think it over,\" Anne told the shopkeeper, and she backed out of the shop where a gaudy macaw screeched after her derisively.\n\nEverywhere Anne went, she saw dogs \u2013 running around the street, on leashes with their masters, barking at cats in yards, yapping from parked cars, on porches.\nSunning themselves by back porches, every dog belonged to someone who valued him. Once on the radio, she attempted to enter a contest. She didn't secure the prize dog. However, soon after, she heard on the radio about the Bide-a-Wee Dog Home. She phoned them. At the time, they seemed to have no Scottie, Boston bull terrier, Shepherd, or Airedale. They stated they only had three dogs, each not yet ready to be taken out. The remainder had been placed, but if any new ones came in, they'd inform Anne. She heard nothing. Perhaps, Anne considered, they thought a girl wasn't responsible enough to take out a pet without her mother or father's backing.\n\nMother's friend, Mrs. Wolcott, learned of Anne's predicament. She met Anne one day and drove her home from school in her car.\nBilly stayed for ball practice in the school yard. Mrs. Wolcott said, \"I do believe, Anne, that I know some people who have a bull pup. They're going out of town and they want to find a home for it. Billy would love that dog. I'm sure your father would approve. We'll run right over and look at it!\"\n\nYet Anne had bad luck once again. For when they reached the house that day, they found the family had already left and the puppy had been given away! Anne almost cried with disappointment.\n\nBut Mrs. Wolcott was very kind. She gave Anne a box of candy. She was going out of town herself. She tried to be comforting. \"I have to go tomorrow and am going out of town, but if I get back before the nineteenth, I'll surely telephone Anne and hunt up a dog for Billy's birthday. But I'll want to know all about the dog.\"\nBefore buying it, she couldn't promise anything definite but hoped to help. Nothing happened, and she may have been rushed or forgotten all about Billy's birthday. The nineteenth was near, and Mrs. Kelley made a cake, Anne ordered ice cream, and invited Billy's gang to a supper \"surprise.\" It was only two days before the birthday. All Billy had ever said was, \"I wish I had a dog.\"\n\nPresents for Billy came from Father and Mother, in Anne's care. These were locked in Father's study closet, and Anne had the key. After school, Anne meandered through shops trying to find a birthday gift for Billy. All she found was a china dog on a penholder for Billy's desk. He would like that, but it was not at all like having a real dog.\nShe bought a new pencil box with \"Billy\" in gilt letters printed upon it. He would like that too, and there were other trinkets \u2013 a boat-model to be made and an airplane. Billy loved to whittle and carve models.\n\nAfter school one day, when time was very short, she put on her hat and went out. She told Mrs. Kelley she was going to look in at the pet shop again. She felt very blue.\n\nDown Main Street trudged Anne, just to look in at the pet shop and see if they might come down in price or charge a dog. In that case, when Dad returned, he might help pay for it. And there was still her allowance to draw on.\n\nThen, as she walked down Main Street, what should she see but a puppy \u2013 a bull pup too! He was a dear. As Anne watched him, it was evident that he was not with anyone. In fact, he behaved as if lost. Her heart beat faster as she approached him.\nAnne approached him wildly. \"Come here, puppy! Come, good dog,\" she called in friendly concern, trying to interest and give him confidence. The little lost dog came without hesitation. He put out his red tongue to lick Anne's hand. This occurred in front of Wilkin's Grocery Store. One of the clerks came out upon seeing Anne with the puppy. He knew Anne, as the Corys were regular customers. It seemed he had been observing the puppy.\n\n\"Huh!\" he said. \"He doesn't belong around here - I guess his folks lost him or maybe they just went off and left him. He's been hanging around here a long time. Maybe he got lost from some car. He won't go away - he's been here all day. I gave him some dog biscuit yesterday. If you want a dog, you'd better take him!\"\nAnne bought some dog biscuits and fed the puppy, who had no license. She took him home, and Billy was absent with the gang. Mrs. Kelley helped her wash the pup, drying him nicely with a rough towel. Anne made a bed for him in the room over the garage. Since Father had the car, Billy was unlikely to go there. He was supposed to notify the police and find out if anyone had lost him, but there was no report of a missing bull pup. The prospect of nobody claiming the dog was still happy. He was sleeping in the garage, very hungry and tired, making no sound. The police said they would let Anne know if they found the owner, and in the meantime, she might keep the pup.\n\nNext morning was the birthday morning.\nNo call had come from police headquarters to claim the puppy. Anne felt happy and anticipated the party \u2014 with both the little dog and his gang to greet Billy. He would have the loveliest surprise. But it was not safe to tell Billy yet. She gave him the pencil box and the boat models, and he didn't even look for a dog.\n\nBut if Anne had not heard from the police department by the time of the party, she could give Billy the dog and tell him she hoped they could keep him; and if not, there'd surely be a dog when Dad came home.\n\nAnne could scarcely wait for school to be out that day. She raced home. Mrs. Kelley met her sadly, shaking her head, her eyes filling with tears. \"I'm sorry, Miss Anne,\" she said. \"They came for the puppy while you were at school, the police did, at leastways they called up. Then a man with a car came.\"\nThe chauffeur came and got him from the garage. Poor dear! He didn't want to go either. Anne swallowed hard. But if it had to happen, it was better that way. She dashed up to her room and tried not to cry. It must never be known to Billy - all this!\n\nBut Mrs. Kelley was talking. \"I told him all about it,\" she said, following Anne. \"He said it was orders he should take the dog and his master would call and pay you for finding him - a reward, he said. But I told him how you'd wanted a dog for your brother's birthday and this one had just walked into your arms, Miss Anne - and you trying to make a happy birthday for Master Billy! And his folks way off too far to come and get him the only birthday present he really wanted!\"\n\nBut here the full account of the sad happening had to stop. For there was the unexpected interruption.\nBilly's steps rushed on the back porch. He was happy and caught a glimpse of the party table. They had to shut the door and tell him the rest - \"a little party with his gang.\" He really liked it and ran up to get dressed. \"A party!\" he cried. But they shooed him back to his room.\n\nNot long after, Fatty Williams, Sam, Mark, Buddy, and all the rest arrived. Each had some manner of gift. But none had brought a dog. And as for Anne, she hurried about fixing things and trying hard not to remember the puppy. She laid the snappers on the table. She put candy and nuts where they belonged. She lit the cake.\n\nUpstairs, the gang was having a grand time playing some game Uncle had sent - or maybe it was Aunt Prescott. Suddenly, the doorbell rang. Since Mrs. Kelley was in the kitchen, Anne answered the doorbell.\nAt the door was a gentleman. It was just dusk and in the low hall light Anne did not recognize him. He held a squirming brown bull puppy in his arms. It was the pup, red tongue and all!\n\n\"Oh,\" said Anne, a lump in her throat, \"I really don't want any reward for taking care of him\u2014it was fun. I thought maybe he didn't have any home and was lost, you see! I wouldn't take anything from you. Please\u2014I don't want my brother to see! Don't let the dog bark, please! Just take him away.\"\n\nBut the gentleman laughed. \"I didn't exactly come for that,\" he said. \"My man told me the story of your brother's wanting a dog. I'm a friend of Mrs. Wolcott's too. This is the dog she tried to get for you long ago. Its master gave him to me when he left town. I just took him to give him a home. And he was lost. Now, I think he is.\"\nAnne: I'm sure the pup should belong to you and your brother. I'm certain he will like you better than me. I want you to have him for your brother's birthday. I hope I'm not too late.\n\nAnne: Oh, I do want him. We will make him happy. And my brother will be so happy! Oh, thank you!\n\nGentleman: He'll be happy all right. I really find him a care. I have no yard \u2013 he'd only run off and get lost and probably come to you again, I'm sure. I'm as happy as you to find a home for him.\n\nAnne (rushing into the kitchen): Shh! The pup is ours. He just came back. Let's put him in the dining room and call Billy and the boys!\n\nAnne: Billy, it's time for the cake.\n\nThe gang came with a rush.\nBilly opened the dining room door and saw the bull pup. \"For me?\" he screamed delightedly. \"Oh, Anne, how grand! From you? Oh, you gave me the only present I really wanted. I'll never forget this birthday, never! Oh, thank you, thank you, Anne!\" And while the puppy licked his hands, Billy petted him.\n\nThere were joyous barkings and wild yells from the gang.\n\n\"What'll I call him?\" Billy asked Anne.\n\n\"Buster,\" said Anne. \"That's his name already. Don't give him too much cake - at least not any more than you can help. I have a box of dog biscuit for you to give him.\"\n\nOh, it certainly was a happy birthday all right! And maybe, Buster was even happier than Billy, though probably Anne was happiest of them all.\n\nA Lost Treasure\nIt would indeed be fine if we could all find treasures. Many boys have found treasures,\nBut none of their stories is stranger than how Billy Cory found his treasure. \"I'll look out for everything! Mrs. Wilson will stay with me until Mother gets back,\" repeated Billy, reassuringly looking up at the back seat where Mother looked down, a bit anxiously. She hadn't wanted to leave, but she and Father together owned the place that was now home, and it was to help home that she had gone away. Dad was in Hampton and had telegraphed for her.\n\n\"Don't you worry!\" said Billy. \"Everything will be all right!\"\n\nThe bus started in a blur of noise. He stood waving until it became a mere speck on the horizon. He was alone now. Mrs. Wilson would stay with him until Mother got back, and he wondered when she would be over. Slowly he turned up the driveway and climbed the hill toward the house, while Buster, with his tail down, followed at his heels.\nHe tried to whistle but it died down. It seemed as if their home was just gone! Grandfather Cory had left the place to Father, but it had been willed to him by a strange old man, a friend of his, whose son had run away to sea and disappeared. Grandfather's will had stated that if the son ever returned, the house would belong to him rightfully.\n\nIndirectly, yet certainly, Father had just heard that the son of the strange old man was living. He had been located and Grandfather Cory's will had stated that the place was to be his if he were ever found. It was hard, but it was fair!\n\nThis meant that Billy must go to Hampton to live. There would be no more good times with the gang and they had just built the cabin on Round Top, too.\n\nAs he unlocked the kitchen door, the telephone rang. Billy burst into the kitchen and\nHe picked up the receiver. The room seemed strange and lonely, even though Sport, the cat, was still curled up in the rocker where they had left her a few minutes before. \"Hello!\" he called. \"Oh, Mrs. Wilson! Mom's just gone. If you're coming over soon, I'd like to go on a hike up Round Top with the gang. Mom said I could go. I won't go till you come \u2014 but they're going to start pretty soon.\" He waited, listening to the voice on the other end of the wire. \"What? What's that! You \u2014 you can't come?\" He stopped in dismay. There was nobody else he could get to come and stay. He knew, because his mother had tried. \"Never mind,\" he said into the mouthpiece. \"I'll manage to find someone. Of course, you can't help things happening to you that way!\" For a moment he stood looking blankly out of the window \u2014 down the hill, across the valley.\nHe went to the red rocker and scratched the cat under her ears. But the cat was no company. He wondered what to do. He saw the dishes stacked by the sink and took the pan and began washing them. Mom likes to keep things looking nice, he thought. Then he glanced at the stove. He took off the lids and put on coal. He was putting them back when Buster's tail began to wag very hard, and Billy looked out and saw Shorty coming up the path.\n\n\"Say, I can't go,\" he cried. \"Hike it without me \u2014 but, say! I'm all alone here and I have to look after things.\"\n\"wish you\u2019d come back and stay tonight! Can you?\nWhat do you suppose you are \u2014 a watchdog? Can\u2019t you lock up the house and let Buster take care of it? Billy shook his head. Mrs. Wilson called, she couldn\u2019t come. She has to go down to Liston to stay with her daughter there. I can\u2019t go and leave the place. I\u2019ve got some chicks hatching.\nToo bad! I tell you what \u2014 I\u2019m going to stay with you. The gang\u2019s down at Mark Henderson\u2019s, and I\u2019m going to call them and get them to come up here.\nIt\u2019s stupid for you \u2014 hanging out here with me, there\u2019s nothing much to do!\nGot any eats? They\u2019d help.\nCome on and see! Billy led the way into the pantry.\nThey\u2019re having swell eats up there on Round Top. Roger has frankfurters for the whole gang. And Mark Hen\"\nBilly's mother made a chocolate cake. \"You got any?\" The cake box was empty. \"Mrs. Wilson was to have cooked things,\" said Billy. I can't find anything - you see. Mom left so suddenly she didn't have time to get things ready. I guess there isn't any chocolate cake - then, because he wanted to please Shorty, who had given up so much for him, he suggested, \"I can make some though. I've seen Mom do it, lots of times.\" Billy hunted for the cookbook but could not find it. \"Never mind,\" he said. \"I know what goes into it. We'll have a layer cake with fudge filling!\" The yellow bowl was brought out, and Shorty tied an apron around Billy's waist, while they howled with laughter. \"Say, when the gang knows we had a whole cake for just us two, won't they wish they had stayed with us,\" Shorty grinned.\nI bet I could cook Frankfurters for supper, if I had them!\n\"You butter the pans and get the flour, Short!\"\nSo Shorty went off to the pantry, where he picked up the first jar he saw. Billy took the lid off and sniffed. \"Do you think that's flour?\" he asked doubtfully.\n\"Sure!\" Shorty put a finger into the jar and licked it reflectively.\nBut the mixture did not thicken as it should. It took more cups than Billy's mother ever used. Yet it went into the cake pans. And the two started the fudge. Every few minutes they peeked at the cake. \"Looks like a good cake!\" mused Shorty after some time had passed.\n\"It's all right,\" Billy answered, though inwardly a bit doubtful. \"Watch out, Short! That fudge filling's scorched! I can tell by the smell!\" He dumped the pans on the bread board. The mixture was certainly strange \u2014 not a bit like cake! \"I knew something was off\"\nBilly defended himself. \"I bet it was something else and not flour at all!\" Shorty's face wore a deep frown. \"The filling is gone. Let's see your cake. Gee, it looks like a custard that has gone to seed!\"\n\n\"What do they make custard out of?\" asked Billy. \"Eggs and milk? Well, I put them in here. But it's all thick and tough!\"\n\nShorty put the burned fudge pan into the sink and ran water into it. \"I bet that what we thought was flour was cornstarch!\" He grinned despite himself, and so did Billy. \"Tough luck,\" Billy said. \"Nothing to do \u2013 nothing to eat!\"\n\nThey wandered out onto the porch to sit on the steps by Buster. \"Have you heard anything at all about what's going on in Hampton?\" Shorty inquired. \"Is that man really alive? I mean, the man whose father owned this house.\"\n\nBilly nodded and continued chewing.\n\"Did Shorty ask you about the strange old man who built this house and his supposed treasure? Yes, I've heard Ned Smiffin share such stories. He claimed he saw the treasure, a large amount of money in a black tin box, but it was never found after the old man's death. Shorty suggests we look for it.\"\nThe men searched the orchard for the treasure. They upturned big stones and investigated a mound. \"It might be here!\" one suggested. \"Or here!\" the other replied. They began to believe wholeheartedly in the existence of the treasure and were confident they would find it.\n\n\"Should we let the gang in on this?\" Shorty asked. Billy thought they might help. They hunted until dusk, then left the shovel and pick and went into the house for supper. Over a hot dish of canned beans, they continued to talk.\nThey were of the opinion that they could spend the evening hunting for the treasure in the house. Shorty insisted, \"It might be inside. You know, it might.\" He looked around. \"Better lock up tight tonight,\" he added.\n\nThey locked up tight and let Buster loose outdoors. But a catch on the hall window was not right - a screw was missing. The wind was coming up, and it looked as though a storm was on its way. The wind sang in the chimney. The blinds rattled. Shorty started at every new sound. \"What's that?\" he kept asking. \"What's that noise, Billy?\"\n\nThey listened. First, it was a mouse in the pantry; then it was a queer sound outside somewhere. \"Buster's scratching on the porch with his claws,\" Billy suggested. \"Or maybe the wind's doing it.\"\n\n\"Sounds like footsteps to me,\" said Shorty. \"Do you suppose somebody saw us digging for the treasure?\"\n\"Shucks!\" said Billy. \"You're just jumpy!\" Shorty subsided. But the noises continued, growing stranger and more frequent. Shorty's eyes were wide. \"I know somebody's outside,\" he insisted. \"Buster's on guard,\" answered Billy. But though he went to the door and whistled, Buster did not come! \"He's gone off hunting rabbits,\" declared Shorty. \"Lots of good Buster is!\" \"Then I'm going to see what's up!\" said Billy suddenly. \"I'm the one who's left here to look out for things. You stay here!\" He was out of the door before Shorty could stop him. Shorty stood in the doorway, straining his eyes to catch another glimpse of Billy as he disappeared into the darkness. He thought he saw an outline of a figure that dashed from the depths of the dark clump of cedars below the house. He could not see what it was. Then, unmistakably, there was the sound of a scuffle.\nAnd then came Billy's call: \"Short! Short! Short!\" It was a cry for help! In an instant, Shorty forgot everything else and dashed after Billy into the blackness down by the cedars on the hill. To Shorty as he dashed off to help Billy, it seemed evident that someone must have watched them as they hunted for treasure that afternoon. Shorty's heart thumped wildly \u2013 his one thought was to get to Billy. His foot slipped. He tripped over something that moved. He started to pick himself up \u2013 his hand encountered something furry. It was Buster's cold nose that touched his cheek! At that moment he heard Billy's voice. \"Oh, you fellows! You thought you'd get something on us! You didn't though!\" Derisive squeals went up from the gang. \"We did, too! We saw you, looking in at the window!\" \"Well, we might've known it was you,\"\nBut there was a reason why we had a right to get jumpy. We know something, Billy and I. We did something this afternoon \u2014 something you'd like to know about!\n\n\"So did we do something,\" yelled Fatty Brown. \"We roasted hot dogs! We had chocolate cake!\"\n\n\"So did we have chocolate cake. Didn't we, Billy?\" Shorty squealed.\n\nAnd Billy, overcome with laughter, declared between giggles, \"Sure! Oh, you ought to have seen our cake! Some cake, that! I'll bet yours wasn't like it! You ought to\u2019ve been around! You missed it, you did!\"\n\n\"A whole cake \u2014 fudge filling, too!\" said Shorty. \"Eh, Billy?\"\n\n\"Oh, was that what you did \u2014 just stuff cake?\" Roger sniffed. \"We did something worth while! We started a chimney for our gang's cabin \u2014 that's what we did!\"\n\n\"Say, Billy, you sure missed it!\" exclaimed Brownie Bates. \"An\u2019 I'll bet you did some baking!\"\n\"Who said we ate cake?\" Shorty inquired. \"Did anybody?\" \"You got any left?\" \"Come in out of the storm,\" suggested Billy. \"We came over to put little Billy to bed! We're going to stay with him all night, so nothing happens to him. We planned it all there in our cabin on Round Top, and as many as could came along. Some had to go home - James J. and his pal - but we came over to make it hot for Billy and Shorty, because they backed out.\" \"They did not back out,\" put in Roger. \"We came along to give Billy a good time. And we wanted to see if we could get him worked up over noises. Gee! When Buster was out on the porch and scratching hard, I thought I'd perish! Beany began thumping with his foot so that you wouldn't think somebody friendly was patting Buster.\"\nThe gang howled over the joke. \"Say, Short, what have you been doing anyway, Billy Cory?\" Roger asked. \"Are you going to keep living here?\"\n\n\"I don't know,\" Billy Cory answered. \"Things look pretty tough just now. Dad wants to do the right thing, of course. But what's bothering me is this: suppose we found something here in this lot - or somewhere around here? Would it be ours or that man's - if he got things?\"\n\n\"What would you find?\" Roger inquired.\n\n\"You wait and I'll tell you,\" Billy answered as he led the way into the kitchen. \"Look out and wipe your feet, there! I'm the housekeeper here! No rough-house now!\" he urged.\n\n\"What do you say that I get some apples and we pop corn? You just wait till you hear about it! Don't you let on, Short! Don't you do it!\"\n\n\"What do you take me for?\" Shorty retorted. \"Look out, Roger! That chair belongs to me!\"\n\"longs to the cat!\u201d There was a wild hubbub as the gang settled itself.\n\n\"Now,\" said Billy, trying to look impressive, \"you all know how things are here. Well, Shorty came along just after Mom went, and he said if I wasn't going on the hike, he wasn't either \u2013 good old Short! We got to talking. He says that Ned Smiffin told him there was a box of treasure maybe buried round here! He paused. \"Then, what'd you say if we were the ones to find it? And if we did, wouldn't it be ours?\" Roger and Fatty insisted, \"Sure, it'd belong to us!\" The rest echoed. \"It wouldn't go with the house?\" They were sure it wouldn't. \"You don't have to own a desert island to go there and find treasure, do you?\" demanded Beany. \"That's what I say,\" cried Shorty. Ned Smiffin says he saw the box once when he was a kid. He says it is true! He says...\"\nWhen that man's son went off, people knew. He had run away from home as he wanted to go off to sea and have adventures, but he never came back. The old man was devastated. He lived alone, with only a housekeeper to look after things. He began getting strange. He took up reading fortunes by the stars and didn't want to see anyone. He spent most of his time in a study out in the shed. He was very interested in history and had many strange books - the kind most people don't read. Ned Smif-fin once recalled, when he was little, coming over the fields and picking berries. He looked around and saw that funny old man with a tin box under his arm. \"What sort of a box?\" Beany wanted to know.\n\"Can't you hear? He said a tin box, didn't he?\" said Roger.\n\"Go on,\" ordered Roger. \"What then?\"\n\"Well, the funny old man called to him. He said, 'What will I do with it? What will I do with it? He will never come back \u2014 never \u2014 never! I think a heap of it, and the folks down there in the village \u2014 they wouldn't understand. It's worth a lot \u2014 but nobody shall get it! What'll I do with it?'\"\n\"Oh, gees!\" murmured Roger.\n\"An' Ned Smiffin says that he began digging\u2014 \"\n\"Where?\"\n\"Down in the orchard by the fence where the berries grow \u2014 \"\n\"We hunted there,\" said Shorty, \"but we didn't find anything!\" He took up the story.\n\"Ned Smiffin said he saw the money! He told his father and his father went and looked, but nobody ever found it\u2014 and nobody ever knew what happened to that box!\"\n\"We'll get it,\" Roger said. \"Say, it's awful.\"\nWe ought to put Billy Cory to bed!\nBilly wagged his head. \"Little fellows like you ought to have been in dreamland long ago,\" he retorted. \"We'd better pile in now so we can get up and at things tomorrow early. You have to go home and do your chores, I suppose? But you can come back and we'll hunt! I'll bet with all of us there'll be something doing!\"\nThen, just as they were starting for bed, Buster began barking.\n\"Huh?\" Billy paused as he lifted the stove lids to put coal into the stove before going upstairs. \"What did you say about Buster not being a good watchdog, Short? Listen there!\"\nThe dog stood up with his paws on the window sill, then ran to the door and whined to be let out.\nThen he began to bark again. The gang peered through the dark window behind Shorty. Billy fixed the stove drafts, locked the door.\nHe came up behind Beany at the cellarway door. \"There's something doing - for sure this time,\" he declared. \"Buster is no fool dog! Someone is around.\"\n\n\"Oh, likely someone on the road - maybe another dog,\" suggested Phil.\n\n\"Not that bark!\" declared Billy. \"No, sir! That bark means something! I've got to see what's up!\"\n\n\"What'd you do if it was somebody?\" asked Roger.\n\n\"What business has anybody to be 'round at this time of night?\" exclaimed Phil. \"Say, fellows, did you see that?\"\n\nThe gang drew closer to the window. They even flung it up and leaned out, letting the rain beat upon their faces.\n\n\"Light's moving down there.\"\n\n\"It's not a lantern!\"\n\n\"Say! It's a man!\"\n\n\"Sure! It's a man!\"\n\n\"Hadn't you better open the door and let Buster out, Billy?\" Roger asked. \"He'd go for anybody!\"\n\n\"Some of us had better go along, don't you think?\" said Shorty.\nBilly unbolted the kitchen door and took a firm hold of Buster\u2019s collar. \"All right,\" he said. \"Anybody want to come with me? I don't mind going alone!\"\n\nBuster grew more excited - it seemed as if something very strange must be happening.\n\nDrawing their coat collars up, they stepped out into the storm after Billy - Shorty, Roger, Phil.\n\n\"It's an automobile!\" cried Shorty.\n\n\"Somebody's yelling!\" said Roger.\n\n\"Listen!\" insisted Billy.\n\nBut Buster's voice drowned out all other sounds.\n\n\"Let the dog loose!\" commanded Roger.\n\n\"Go on, let him loose!\" echoed Shorty.\n\n\"Don't you do it!\" Phil contradicted. \"Something might happen to him!\"\n\n\"I know what I'm going to do, you!\" said Billy. \"Nobody need tell me! This is my place! Buster and I are here to see to things! If anything's happening down there, Buster and I go down and find out about it! Do you understand?\"\nIf my father would be afraid if someone needed help, I'm going down there to see what's up, fellows! You can go back into the house!\n\nIt's sort of wet, Phil suggested weakly. You don't need to make trouble for yourself! said Roger.\n\nOh, you guys go on back, sniffed Shorty. You can telephone the police if anything should happen. Come along, Buster, old man! Here, Billy, I'll take hold of the other side of his collar. Come on!\n\nIt was dark going down the hill. Billy and Shorty could scarcely distinguish the familiar outlines of grass and bushes on the slope. Buster tugged at his collar, pulling the boys after him.\n\nThere was no light at the foot of the hill now. Voices could be heard \u2013 excited talk.\n\nThe boys halted. Quiet, Buster! ordered Billy. Then he called, Hey, what are you doing down there?\n\nBuster growled.\n\"What's up?\" cried Shorty.\n\"We're ditched! Got any light?\" a man's deep voice answered. \"Is there a house anywhere near? Don't know where in thunder. Anybody hurt?\" called Billy. \"Came near it! Can you get a lantern?\" \"Look out, Buster! Be quiet! It's all right!\" Billy cried. \"We'll get one!\" He turned to Shorty. \"You go and get it, Shorty.\" They had walked on and were now near the dark bulk of a big open touring car. There was a woman inside. A little child was crying. The dark, heavy form of a man loomed up in the gloom. \"Where's the house?\" he demanded. \"Guess you'll have to take us in overnight. No getting out of this without help. We're soaked through! Got off the right road, I guess. Where are we anyway? Are we anywhere near Reilly?\" Shorty laughed. \"About's near as the moon,\" he said. \"I don't know where the lantern is, Billy,\" he expostulated.\nThe man exclaimed, \"You go and get it. Ask your folks if they can take my wife and me. It'll do if we can just get shelter. Hurry, boy!\" Billy hesitated. \"Guess you'd better come along with us,\" he said. \"The folks aren't home; I'm the one that's looking after the place \u2013 me and the gang are up there. I don't know who I'm taking in, but my Dad never would turn anyone down if he needed help. You can have my room. It's all right, Buster. Stop!\" The man took the carriage rug and two bags from the car. His wife carried the child who had stopped crying. Billy, Shorty, and Buster led the way toward the house. They walked on in the wind and came to the kitchen porch where the gang drew back, staring, open-mouthed.\n\n\"Their car ran into a ditch,\" explained Billy briefly. \"They want a lantern \u2013 can you get one for them?\"\nHe took a candle from the high old-fashioned mantel shelf. \"I'll show you the room,\" he said to the woman. Her dark ulster was dripping. \"Thank you so much,\" she murmured. \"The baby's very cross. I hope I can get him to sleep.\"\n\nThe gang went for the lantern. Shorty arranged chairs in front of the stove where the rug could be dried. The man threw his coat over the rug. He then stood looking about the place curiously. Shorty watched him. His eyes rested on the old chimney piece with its high shelf, the corner cupboard, the cellar door close by. He seemed so intent on his surroundings that he had forgotten Shorty altogether.\n\nThe gang came back, and after that went to the barn to hunt further. Billy returned.\n\n\"Maybe it's down cellar. I'll go and look.\"\nFor the lantern. Perhaps I can find it!\" exclaimed Billy. He went to the cellar door. Shorty followed him.\n\nAt the foot of the stairs, the door fast behind them, Billy paused. \"I had to take them in, Shorty, didn't I?\" he asked. \"You couldn't turn a woman away with a baby. I guess they're not crooks. He seems all right. I'm sure Dad would never have said 'No!' A lot of old junk was brought in here just before Dad left. It came in from the shed where it was stored. Dad sold the stuff. Perhaps the lantern's back on that hook.\"\n\nThey did not find it.\n\n\"When I was alone there \u2014 that man sure acted queer,\" answered Shorty. \"He looked around at everything mightily sharp. If he wasn't on the level and knew where anything was in the place, he could've fixed it up all right like this!\"\n\nBilly sniffed. \"He told a straight story,\"\nHe insisted. \"He got off the road - heading to Reilly. That's at least twenty miles from Hampton. It was easy to do without lights when his batteries gave out.\"\n\n\"Hope so,\" returned Shorty. \"He looks funny to me. Did you see his hand?\"\n\n\"What did you expect? Of course, it was dirty!\"\n\nNeither was the lantern hidden in the dark behind the stairs. \"Honest, now, Short- no joking! They're on the level. They're no crooks. What was the matter with his hand?\"\n\n\"You can look for yourself,\" Shorty snapped. \"If you don't think of something then - well, you don't need to. There's the lantern. There it is behind the funny old desk! Queer place to have a desk - in the cellar!\"\n\n\"Dad put that stuff here last week,\" said Billy. \"The second-hand man in Palen was going to call for it. It was some stuff that used to be out in the shed.\"\n\n\"Might have belonged to that queer old man.\"\nShorty suggested examining a \"man.\" He began inspecting it, lifting the lid, removing its drawers.\n\n\"My Dad's been all over it,\" said Billy. \"He would have found anything if it was there!\"\n\nHe lit the lantern and approached where Shorty rummaged through the pigeonholes. \"Come on!\"\n\n\"Wait a minute!\"\n\n\"Oh, come along, you!\"\n\nReluctantly, Shorty closed the lid of the peculiar old secretary. \"Nothing doing,\" he said.\n\n\"Course not \u2014 that was Granddaddy's desk. Dad knows all about it.\"\n\nShorty followed Billy. \"Look at his hand,\" he whispered before Billy opened the kitchen door.\n\nAs the stranger took the lantern, Billy saw his hand. As Short had indicated, it was queer. It was tattooed in blue markings \u2014 a ship with a star over it.\n\nThe man noticed Billy's surprised look. \"I ran away to sea,\" he said, turning toward the door. \"That's where I got this!\"\nI've stepped into the very house where I lived as a boy. I didn't know until I came inside. Some changes - I haven't seen the place for over twenty years! This happened because I got off the road during a storm - all batteries gave out. I must go fix it up, for the storm's passing.\n\n\"By Jiminy!\", exclaimed Shorty. \"Suppose he looks for his father's box of money?\"\n\n\"I suppose he'd have a right to it, if he finds it,\" mused Billy. \"He might know about it - he might not. He was away when all that happened.\"\n\nRoger yawned as he entered the room.\n\n\"Say!\", he cried. \"The men couldn't find that lantern.\"\n\n\"Where are they?\"\n\n\"They turned in upstairs. Some of them are in the attic. What's up?\"\n\n\"We've got someone here.\", Billy whispered.\n\"It's the man my Dad was going to see after he'd seen the lawyer - old Wheeler's son! Not him! Billy nodded. It must be. What're you going to do about it? Nothing anybody can do now, except get him out of the house in the morning. There's no treasure up there in my room. The only thing I think much about is my Grandfather Hudson's old bed with those funny round knobby posts. He can't go off with that. We'll just watch and when he's gone we'll look around here. Now, you and Mark can go up into the attic. There's a bed up there. Shorty can have the dining room couch, and Buster and I'll be the ones to stay here where we can look after things an' know what's going on. My, aren't you tired? It's almost two o'clock in the morning! All right! I'll turn in,\" Roger yawned.\n\"If you don't wake me up in the morning, I'll sleep till nobody knows when. Be sure to wake me, won't you?\" \"I'll hang around till he comes back and goes to bed,\" said Shorty. \"What's that?\" Billy cocked his ear. \"Up in my room, something's tumbled down somewhere!\" \"Suppose she's doing anything funny?\" \"What could she do?\" They were on the stairs, listening. \"Better go and see,\" Billy cried. \"I'll just go ask what's up and take a peek.\" Shorty ran up the stairs behind him. Billy knocked at the door. \"Anything the matter?\" he inquired in his most polite manner. \"I heard something fall \u2014 did the baby tumble?\" Shorty gave him a poke in the ribs. He chuckled. \"Gee,\" he whispered, \"one on you! A baby making a noise like that! That wasn't any baby!\" \"Of course not,\" Billy whispered back. The door opened. The woman had taken off her long cloak.\nAnd she wore a brown dress. She was smiling as she held the door open. \"No, nothing's the matter,\" she said.\n\n\"I thought I heard something fall,\" Billy explained.\n\n\"Yes,\" she replied, gesturing to the old four-poster with its round knobs atop each post. \"The baby took a fancy to the big balls, as he calls them. He's strong for a three-year-old. He stood up when I was not looking and managed to unscrew one of the heavy tops. That's what fell.\"\n\nSurprise flashed over Billy's face. \"Why \u2014 \" he began. Then he stopped short.\n\n\"Maybe you'll screw it tight again,\" she suggested. \"I will give the baby something else to think about while you do it. He's going to cry if he is not allowed to play with it.\"\n\nShe picked up the baby and his toy dog. And she carried them off to the further side of the room and began playing.\nBilly examined the ball-top of the bed post to distract the baby. He seemed intent on looking inside the bed post for a moment. Shorty, standing just outside in the hall, saw him take the round ornament and examine it. Billy called out, \"Short, come quickly.\"\n\nShorty came over. \"Look here,\" Billy whispered, \"Don't let her see you. I'm putting this old-fashioned watch and chain back into the hiding place in the bed post. Here it goes.\" He called out loudly towards the further end of the room to the woman, \"I'll bet that ball top can't come off again!\"\n\nShe thanked him.\nBilly shut the door carefully. He and Shorty went down the hallway in a kind of daze. The watch in Billy's pocket was safe. Coming downstairs, they met the man returning from his car. They said, \"Good-night.\" In the kitchen, Billy locked the door. Then he took the watch and paper from his pocket and bent close to the lamp while Shorty hung over him excitedly. \"We found something,\" said Billy. \"Funny, I always thought those posts were solid. It must have been a hiding place for jewels! Let's see the writing.\" He tried to decipher it. \"Can you make it out, Short? Look! It's Grandfather Cory's writing. I've seen it in a book he gave Dad.\" Shorty puzzled over it. \"I have it,\" he exclaimed. \"I think I have it. It says, 'Look in the secret compartment and give what you find to Thomas.' \" \"My!\" exclaimed Shorty. \"Where's there a secret compartment?\"\n\"any secret compartment? Do you suppose that means our treasure?\u201d asked Billy.\n\n\"It might be that Grandfather Cory\u2019s friend left him that box of money \u2014\" pondered Billy. \"It seems to go with that scrap of paper. What say we wake up the gang and show this to them?\"\n\n\"Awfully late,\" objected Shorty. \"I don't believe anything would ever wake them up! And, anyway, we couldn't go knocking around with those people upstairs. They'd catch on \u2014 a bunch of us like that, looking all over for a secret compartment. We've got to wait till those people go and lie low till we get them out of here.\"\n\n\"Well,\" Billy mused, \"what gets me is where there is a secret compartment \u2014 or whether or not it's here now! The house has been done over. A secret compartment might be a panel that\u2019d been sealed up! Who\u2019s going to get at it unless some baby comes and knocks into it the way that little boy upended that jar?\"\n\"We never knew about that hiding place in the bed post? Mom told me the posts were turned solid. Dad couldn't have known about it. Well, maybe it was luck you brought into the house when you let that baby in. You couldn't have let him stay out in that storm. Nobody that had a home would do that. I can't think where there'd be any secret compartments. We can't hunt any more now. Come on to bed. Wait till they go. Pshaw! I'm not sleepy! Say, Shorty, how about that old secretary down in the cellar? You said your Dad had been through it. Well, he didn't know about the jewel-hiding place in the bed post.\"\nThe man in Palen might come to get the old junk Dad sold him. They had to go - He found a flashlight. Lucky I didn't remember this when the man asked for the lantern, I'd have given it to him to use. They went carefully down to the cellar. Buster was shut out-of-doors.\n\n\"Funny - the secret places they used to have to put things,\" Shorty mused. \"They had to - didn't have safes! Hope we find that compartment.\"\n\n\"Gee! Hope we do.\"\n\nThe two stood before the old secretary. It was dark in the cellar. Outside it seemed as if the storm had abated, but it certainly was queer down cellar at that time of night - and hunting for a mysterious something called a secret compartment!\n\n\"I didn't see anything when I looked at it,\" explained Shorty.\n\n\"Well, I could look all day - I don't see anything.\" Billy nodded.\n\n\"Let's take out the drawers and look.\"\nBut there was nothing there. Carefully, Billy felt all over inside the desk. \"N.G.!\" he exclaimed, bringing out his hand dirty with the thick dust of many years' storage in the shed. Below the top that let down was a closet for odds and ends. \"I looked there, too,\" said Shorty. \"Nothing doing there.\" Billy felt it over. Shorty seemed right. The two sat down upon an inverted wooden box and looked at the secretary. \"It looks as if it might have a secret place,\" Billy said, thoughtfully. \"Dad told me Grandfather Cory once used this desk. Funny! Do you suppose we could get that rubbish out of the way and look at it from the side? There might be some concealed compartment at the side.\" \"Can you tell by rapping the wood?\" asked Shorty. But they could not tell, though they rapped many places and poked many others. \"Press down here,\" Billy said. \"It's no good!\"\nThe two boys pulled at the old desk, searching for hidden treasures. \"Nothing doing!\" one exclaimed. \"Come on up to bed!\" the other suggested. \"No, sir! You go. I'm not finished yet. I'm going to feel all over it and go all over every inch of it!\" Billy declared, running his thumb under the front opening. \"I'll bet there's something here,\" he cried, excitedly. \"Look! It might be, Short!\"\n\nThe panel was about ten inches high and took in the entire baseboard around the desk. There was no way to pull it out. It might just be the base.\n\nSuddenly, under Billy's finger, something moved. The boys started back in astonishment. Before them, the panel had opened out to reveal a hidden compartment.\nBilly grasped the flashlight and bent over the secret compartment. \"Gee Whittaker! Did you ever?\" he exclaimed. In the compartment stood a large black box about eighteen inches long. On top was a sealed envelope addressed to Dad. The box had a small key and was heavy. They turned the key and lifted the lid to find the box filled with strange coins. \"Say, won't the gang be upset if they think we found it alone?\" \"Yeah-ya \u2013 but they wanted to go to sleep and we kept at it!\" \"What'll they say when they know?\" \"They'll wish they had stayed awake, I'll bet!\"\nThe two sat gloating over the treasure.\n\n\"Queer-looking money,\" said Shorty.\n\n\"What'll you do with it?\"\n\n\"Don't know. If it really belongs to us, maybe we can buy back the home! I'd hate to lose this old place \u2014 I don't want to go off and leave you and the gang. No fun living in a city,\" sighed Billy. \"This ought to be ours \u2013 we found it.\" Billy had been turning over in his hands the sealed envelope addressed to Dad. \"I can't open it,\" he said. \"That's Dad's business.\"\n\n\"Looks as if it might be a legal document,\" mused Shorty. \"Do you suppose it could have been a will that your grandfather made later than that other?\"\n\n\"Might be! You never can tell,\" mused Billy. \"Gee! What's that? Buster's barking fit to kill! You don't suppose somebody else's gone and gotten ditched?\" He caught up the box and the envelope.\nThe safest place for these is here. He put them back and closed the panel. The two rushed upstairs. Now, something was coming up the driveway! It was a car honking. Buster barked wildly around it. It stopped. Billy and Shorty peered into the night. The storm had cleared. The moon was out. By its light, who should get down from the car but Mom? Billy rushed to the door shouting, \"Mother! Mother!\" He swung the door wide and ran into her arms. \"How did you get back?\" She laughed. Uncle Ned came into the room. \"She came back with me in my car,\" he laughed. \"There was no train - and she wanted to get back right away after seeing the lawyer. You aren't going to feel bad about having to leave this place, are you, Billy? It's going to go to that man - that's all.\n\"The will is legal. The man's wife and baby are upstairs in my room. I found a hiding place under the bed knob with his watch and a paper.\"\n\nUncle Ned looked astonished. \"This is my father's writing, Anne. He must have hidden it there during his illness for Mother to find.\"\nBut that's not all, gasped Shorty. We found a secret compartment. Billy and I did. There's a box of money and a queer envelope!\nMom! Mom! Come on down and see it, cried Billy. Come along! I'm so glad you came home just now!\nOh, Billy, I couldn't wait to get back, declared Mother. But I know you've taken care of everything splendidly. And think, dear, of this! It's wonderful!\nThey filed down to the old desk. Billy pressed the panel. It opened. He drew out the box and the envelope. Mother caught her breath!\nUncle Ned took the things. His old box of coins! he said. And it looks like a will! His face showed his astonishment as he slit the envelope. A later will, he announced. I always said there was one, Anne!\nGrandfather left it for Dad, said Uncle Ned. We never found it, though we'd heard.\nThe story. The collection is very valuable. Old Mr. Wheeler loved your grandfather. He said he wanted the coins to be his. Now, they are Dad\u2019s, but I think he'll want you to have them \u2013 you found them! It seemed too good to be true \u2013 really ours! And a treasure too! Uncle Ned led the way upstairs. Everyone was in bed. It was hard to go to sleep. Billy woke at sunrise. He jumped softly out of bed. \"Surprise Mom!\" he said to himself. He splashed in the basin and hurried downstairs where the cat slept, curled up in Mother's red rocker. Everything looked different now that Mother was home. It wasn't lonely anymore! And they weren't going to give up their home. It was theirs! Billy smiled at the thought of last night and whistled softly. Buster came, wagging his good-morning. Billy filled the coal hod \u2013 that funny old hod.\nThe secretary looked at him through the grayness of the cellar. He filled the stove, he fixed the drafts, he put the cereal on to cook in the double boiler.\n\nA footfall on the stairs! It was Mr. Wheeler coming down to telephone for help at the garage. \"Family home last night?\" he asked.\n\n\"Mother and Uncle Ned,\" Billy explained.\n\n\"Guess you were going to meet your Dad in Hampton. Well, maybe you'd like to know \u2013 last night \u2013 just luck \u2013 Short and I found a later will. Uncle Ned says it changes everything. I hope you don't feel bad. Of course, I want to keep my home!\"\n\nMr. Wheeler paused on his way to the telephone. He looked astonished. But he looked amused also. \"Boy,\" he said, \"I might as well tell you \u2013 I never wanted this place. My home suits me, and I'm glad to have things settled.\" He turned to the telephone. \"Have to go down to the car now.\"\nMother came downstairs, laughing happily at Billy's surprise. \"Still looking?\" she asked.\n\n\"Guess the gang had better wake up and hear the news,\" answered Billy, up in a jiffy. \"Wake up!\" he cried. \"Short and I found that treasure!\"\n\n\"Gosh!\u2014 you didn't!\" came a chorus of voices.\n\nFatty and the rest of the bunch came running from the attic. \"What's the row?\" they asked.\n\n\"What'll you do with the treasure?\" they demanded. \"Old coins like that\u2014must be valuable!\"\n\n\"Hooray!\" squealed Beany. \"Hooray for Billy!\"\n\n\"Say we celebrate with a hike up to Round Top?\"\n\nMother came down the hall and paused at the open door. \"Hooray!\" she cried. \"Hooray for the treasure hunters!\"", "source_dataset": "Internet_Archive", "source_dataset_detailed": "Internet_Archive_LibOfCong"}
]