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How to write a proposal for an argumentative essay Problem Proposals What is an abstract? An abstract is a to word paragraph that provides readers with a quick overview of your essay or report and its organization. It should express your thesis or central idea and your key points; it should also suggest any implications or applications of the research you discuss in the paper. The abstract should begin with a brief but precise statement of the problem or issue, followed by a description of the research method and design, the major findings, and the conclusions reached. The abstract should contain the most important key words referring to method and content: these facilitate access to the abstract by computer search and enable a reader to decide whether to read the entire dissertation. Note: Your abstract should read like an overview of your paper, not a proposal for what you intended to study or accomplish. I will prove that scientists have ethical and moral questions about genetic engineering because of this project. Good abstract: Begun inthe human genome project intends to map the 23 chromosomes that provide the blueprint for the human species. The project has both scientific and ethical goals. You can save the Word file to your local drive. Note The Budget plan document introduction cannot be edited after an Excel template is associated with it. The scientific goals underscore the advantages of the genome project, including identifying and curing diseases and enabling people to select the traits of their offspring, among other opportunities. Ethically, however, the project raises serious questions about the morality of genetic engineering. Here's a great example of a proposal essay with simple and easy step-by-step instructions on Getting an A on a proposal paper is simple if you follow some simple steps. How to Write an Argumentative Essay Step by Step. Below, you'll see a sample proposal argumentative essay written using APA formatting Click the image below to see the sample paper in a PDF format. To handle both the medical opportunities and ethical dilemmas posed by the genome project, scientists need to develop a clear set of principles for genetic engineering and to continue educating the public about the genome project. The examples above are taken from Form and Style 10th ed. Note: The following are specifications for an abstract in APA style, used in the social sciences, such as psychology or anthropology. If you are in another discipline, check with your professor about the format for the abstract. People use the abstract to decide whether to read the rest of the paper, so the abstract for such a paper is important. Because the abstract provides the highlights of the paper, you should draft your abstract after you have written a full draft of the paper. Typically, an abstract for an IMRaD paper or presentation is one or two paragraphs long — words. Multicultural charters in contrast to carry a chapter by kahled hosseini english literature and conventions of the kite runner. As implied by khaled hosseini, casters also write more informal writing help. For an ability or a story by the kite runner by kahled hosseini english language provide a vital insight into these matters. Methods To answer this question, we compared the performance of 12 novices medical students with the performance of 12 laparoscopic surgeons using a 2D view and 4 robotic surgeons, using a new robotic system that allows 2D and 3D view. Results Our results showed a trivial effect of expertise surgeons generally performed better than novices. Results also revealed that experts have adaptive transfer capacities and are able to transfer their skills independently of the human-machine system. Try to avoid these common problems in IMRaD abstracts: 1. Ultimate Argumentative Essay Topics List🤘[ Update] HMW Blog The abstract provides a statement of what the paper will ask or explore rather than what it found: X This report examines the causes of oversleeping. What did it find out about these causes? The abstract provides general categories rather than specific details in the findings: X The study draws conclusions about which variables are most important in choosing a movie theater. What, specifically, are these variables? What is an argumentative essay?How should an argumentative essay be structured?An argumentative essay is a type of writing that presents the writer’s position or. Save your time! Now! Top academic assistance. Introduction to Proposal Arguments Category:	https://oops-essay.icu/blog1/3727-how-to-write.php
The latest research report ”Tolerance of the Human Kidney to Isolated Controlled Ischemia” that was compiled by Dr Parekh after his research study at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio is expected to change the future treatment modalities and outcome in kidney cancer patients. The report is published in renowned Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. Kidney cancer treatment options in localized, early stages or small tumors are fairly limited due to risk of potential surgical clamping induced ischemia, especially in patients with one functional kidney or those who are at risk of developing damage to the normal kidney. Surgeons traditionally clamp the blood supply to the kidney for a period of 30 minutes safely while performing partial nephrectomy or nephron-sparing surgery (NSS). However, the latest research conducted by Parekh – the Dr. Victor Politano Endowed Chair in Clinical Urology and Chief of Robotic Surgery – suggests that the clamping of the kidney blood supply can be prolonged for a period of 45 to 60 minutes without increasing any risk of ischemic injury. Parekh and his team studied surgical clamping induced ischemia while performing renal biopsies before, during and after the clamping in 40 patients during partial nephrectomy procedure at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. The team observed that in 82% of the patients, ischemia lasted for 30 minutes, but on serial assessment of renal tissues and ischemic bio-markers, it was identified that the renal functions did not correlate with the elevations in the serial biomarkers. Parekh commented: “No other study has prospectively looked at biomarkers in the setting of renal ischemia and correlated them with renal ultrastructure and used real-time biopsies to see whether the concern about ischemia was justified. Our findings suggest that human kidneys can safely tolerate 30 to 60 minutes of controlled clamp ischemia with only mild structural changes and no acute functional loss.” Parekh suggested that this approach can give surgeons more functional independence to perform extensive surgeries to salvage non- cancerous tissue in localized renal malignancy. With an emergence of over 65,000 new renal carcinoma cases each year in U.S. alone (with many patients reported at an earlier stage due to advancements in scientific and radiological diagnostic modalities), it can be safely concluded that this approach will enable surgeons to save normal renal tissue in 80% cases by NSS (as opposed to only 25% NSS procedures performed currently due to time pressure and risk of significant renal ischemia). Parekh further suggested: “By showing that the blood vessels can be safely clamped for longer periods, our study should make NSS procedures more attractive to other surgeons in their own practices.” Parekh in an expert urologist and is considered among the world’s leading and renowned robotic surgeons for urologic oncology.	https://bionews-tx.com/news/2013/04/03/ut-health-science-center-at-san-antonio-study-likely-to-change-kidney-cancer-surgery-practices/
bottom line. Quality, as with most things, is multifaceted. Outcomes are partly attributable to the quality of care surgery patients receive throughout their hospital stays. Of course, the technical quality of surgical procedures is also a major factor. The challenge for surgical quality officers, then, centers on bolstering current surgical training methods. Doing so improves not only the technical quality of surgeons across various procedures, but also the operating room processes themselves. Providing opportunities for feedback Clinical observation and a large volume of evidence suggest wide variation in the technical quality and skill among surgeons. That’s due, in some measure, to a lack of continuing education, a key component of which is peer interaction. For example, surgeons who engage in higher levels of peer interaction have a higher likelihood of passing a maintenance of certification examination, and higher scores, according to a 2014 study of 568 surgeons published in JAMA Surgery. Certainly, surgeons have the potential to improve much faster after their formal training with both purposeful practice and meaningful feedback, best delivered through peer interaction. The problem is that surgeons rarely watch one another operate and generally have no source of feedback on how they can improve once they’ve completed training. That is changing, though. As a result of the evolution of surgical practice toward videoscopic and robotic surgery, surgeons have new opportunities to obtain practice and feedback in more impactful ways than ever before. Following the digital trail Thanks to the “digital trail” of data from such surgeries, advances in technology and analytics have created opportunities for evaluating surgeons’ techniques. The digital trail includes realtime information on a patient’s history, vital signs, imaging and other parameters. It’s also increasingly feasible to collect and synthesize information from surgical instruments and clinical workflows to drive surgical performance. Akin to the black box in aviation, the digital trail records everything (video, conversations, data, images, etc.). Through analyzing such data, surgeons can find the root causes for the complications that put a patient and hospital at risk. Looking beyond surgeons Leveraging data and performance-focused analytics offer the potential to improve all aspects of a surgical team’s performance, including operating staff members – critical, given that studies show operating room time costs well in excess of $1,000 per hour. Establishing a culture of safety and quality among staff can be challenging due to high rates of turnover, which create knowledge gaps throughout a system. However, the digital trail of data from surgeries also informs OR staff members and helps them improve performance through training modules and checklists of best practices. The recordings and data can be used to create these training modules, which are more than just simulations, but real patients under actual conditions. Even small improvements in the process efficiency of surgery staff members have the potential to deliver a disproportionate impact on surgical quality, which can enhance hospitals’ financial performance in value-based reimbursement models. Conclusion New technology allows surgical quality officers to bring both rigor and innovation to training models. It also offers a pathway for surgeons to improve technical skills. By providing purposeful practice and meaningful feedback, following the digital trail of evidence, and looking beyond surgeons to staff, hospitals can upgrade surgical training to boost quality and lower costs. About the author: Dr. John Birkmeyer is the chief clinical officer of Sound Physicians and a member of the board of advisors of caresyntax, a surgical data, analytics and automation company. This piece originally appeared in DotMed/Healthcare Business News on July 31, 2018. View the article here.	https://caresyntax.com/news/three-ways-hospitals-can-improve-surgical-training-through-technology/
Canadian researchers have developed a robot capable of detecting tumor tissue in half the time it takes a human surgeon and with 40 percent greater accuracy while causing less tissue damage. The researchers, from the University of Western Ontario and Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), identified a problem with minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques and developed a robotic solution. Oncologists use scanning technologies on patients before surgery to identify lesions, but a person's tissue can shift during surgery, making the positions identified by the pre-operative scans unreliable. Instead, surgeons use gentle pressure, or palpation, to confirm where the tumor is and to locate tumors not identified by the scans. However, with MIS this technique can be difficult because the surgeon must feel for tissue using long, slim instruments in a very small incision. The CSTAR researchers have developed a robot-controlled palpation device and tested it on cows' livers. In blind trials, the robot-controlled MIS sensing instruments placed 35 percent less pressure on the tissue, compared to human surgeons, and the robot's accuracy was between 59 percent and 90 percent greater, depending on the robot control method used for palpation. Unlike humans, the robot can apply consistent force in each step, and moves over the tissue systematically to create a complete map. To develop a prototype robot that can be used in real MIS procedures, the researchers plan to incorporate a design upgrade to include a flexible rotating head and a remote center of motion, as well as an improved interface to help surgeons overcome any fears about using robots.	https://cacm.acm.org/news/38882-robots-gentle-touch-aids-delicate-cancer-surgery/fulltext
Sometimes there is only one appropriate treatment option for a patient. Consider someone with a knife stuck in their carotid artery. Nothing other than surgery is discussed. Many clinical problems aren’t like this and can be addressed by several different options with roughly equivalent outcomes. The choice of available options is “preference sensitive”, meaning that it is influenced by values unique to the decision maker. In the past, the focus has been on the values that physicians believe to be important – preference given to a status quo option with extensive evidence base, that maximizes long-term survival and does not pose a high risk for the given patient. Patients are interested in these issues but have additional priorities that may follow a different rank order – get back to work as soon as possible, avoid disfiguring incisions, maximize quality of life over longevity, etc. Patients that consent to a treatment that results in an outcome inconsistent with their rank order of values could feel that they were not heard when the decision was made. More importantly, they might experience regret about their lack of assertiveness at that time and feeling that things could have been better. The model that best reconciles conflicting values between the provider and patient is for them both to share the final decision about the treatment choice. An organization called the National Quality Forum was established in 2000 that helped spur a variety of quality improvement initiatives in healthcare such as a reduction in hospital infections, improving maternity care and reducing readmissions. The promotion of shared decision making between physicians and patients was also a central feature of their initial mission statement in 2000. However, the past 16 years have shown painfully slow progress in this area. A recent national survey of US adults showed that the majority perceive benefit from shared decision making but only a minority of health decisions were being made this way. A reasonable interpretation is that physicians are more willing to work on improving the quality of their care than their conversations with patients. Most understand the conceptual basis for shared decision making, but remain like the “beneficent” parent who cannot quite accept that his child is now an adult and reassert that the physician knows best. Starting with Hippocrates, the culture of medicine has been rooted in a paternalistic tradition against full disclosure of all options and risks to patients. For a patient to chart his course understandably, familiarity with therapeutic alternatives and their hazards is essential. This disconnect in values and motivations of physicians and patients inevitably causes problems. An article in Forbes magazine last week (June 24, 2016) provides fascinating insight into the informed consent process. (http://www.forbes.com/sites/peterubel/2016/06/24/doctors-cant-be-trusted-to-tell-patients-whether-they-should-receive-robotic-surgery/) This VA study recorded the information provided during the consent process for surgical prostatectomy and compared 3 sites that had access to a surgical robot with 1 that did not. All clinic visits at the 3 sites with a robot described robotic prostatectomy as the standard of care. In contrast, 78% of clinic visits arranged to talk about prostatectomy at the remaining site excluded any discussion of robotics as an alternative. During the 22% of times that it was mentioned (often prompted by patient questions), physicians downplayed its advantages more than the other 3 sites. The article starts off with the following quote: “Patients often rely on doctors for info about treatment alternatives. Unfortunately, that info isn’t always objective.” A difference between centers suggests that the information they were given was not objective. It is possible that information given to those that underwent open surgery was slanted to assure that they accepted the alternative favored by their doctor. Few doctors are trained to understand things from patient’s non-medical perspectives. Absent this training, the physicians that obtained informed consent during this study might have found it hard to avoid imposing their values or substituting their level of risk aversion onto their patients. It should raise a red flag that no patients at the hospital without a robot made a decision to be referred out and choose robotic rather than open surgery. Their decision for open surgery seemed foreordained by the type of information given and way it was phrased. This complied with the letter of the informed consent doctrine but not its spirit. The lack of disclosure of the robotic approach as a reasonable alternative to an open surgery in effect limited their right of choice to a veto power over the one treatment that was recommended. Even if the robot offered no real advantages for prostatectomy, it would not change the fact that the majority of practicing urologists in the US use robotics for this purpose. That makes a description of the robotic alternative as standard of care for appropriate informed consent discussion at the VA or any other hospital. In fact, the actual advantages of robotics are well documented for prostatectomy. The only rationale for these urologists to mention only the open surgery was they assumed patients would not choose to transfer to another VA facility or other hospital that offers robotics. Such an assumption is on shaky ground since the field of less invasive surgery has been built on the willingness of patients to seek out those facilities that have offered less invasive surgery. Assuming that no patient would want to do that goes against the natural human instinct to avoid surgery that is more invasive than otherwise required. The trust that patients put in this (inadequate) consent coupled with the asymmetry of information meant that patients didn’t even realize they lost their autonomy to decide. The Forbes article itself closes with an alternate and more benign conclusion, giving physicians the benefit of the doubt about their motives: “In shifting their description of robotic surgery based on availability of that technology, they were probably trying to ease patients’ concerns. There are far greater sins than that.” It is reasonable to manage patient’s emotions and expectations. Decision making about serious health issues can be agonizing. Concern for managing emotions is appropriate and even laudable. Open surgery has been around longer than robotics. There are patients that may not want an innovative approach and prefer the one with the longest track record. Prior evidence suggests that many referring doctors are unwilling or unable to share information about underutilized services such as less invasive surgery (Cooper et al., BMJ 2014). While the exact reasons for this are unclear, one possible contributor is that many of these providers may be unable to provide confident advice about a novel procedure for which they had no personal experience. The problem for the VA urologists in this study is that these issues should exist evenly among the 4 hospitals and not be influenced by whether or not the hospital had a robot. Everett Rogers first described in the 60’s that the enthusiasm for any new idea is highest in early innovators/visionaries, a bit less in the majority, and lowest in late laggards. Every urologist will lie on this spectrum until the life cycle of this innovation is fully complete. Where they lie is defined by their information needs and demands on the robotic innovation. Every hospital has visionaries that race forward to gain the “first mover advantage” balanced against laggards that await large randomized clinical trials before giving their support. This means that some doctors will explain the advantages of robotics very differently than others based on honest differences in opinion and where they lie on the spectrum. The unexpected finding of the VA study was how a hospital’s decision to buy the robot was associated with a systematic shift in how their urologists described robotic surgery. The lack of a robot seemed to create more late laggards at that hospital that were more critical of the evidence for robotics. This phenomenon is not predicted by the Rogers curve and signifies the potential for bias and/or conflict of interest. Doctors without access to robotics may not have brought this topic up out of concern that patients wanting a referral to another center might be put through a hardship. There is a natural tendency to favor inaction (in this case not mentioning robotics) over action (bringing up this topic and facilitating a referral). We view injury that results from inaction as less causal and less blameworthy than acts of commission. The impact of this “omission bias” is that people tend to view a death from a vaccine as much worse than a death from not getting vaccinated and criminal laws punish those that do harm far differently that those that fail to rescue. Medicine’s most important oath – “first do no harm” – also reflects this bias. Closely related is the tendency to stick with the status quo, which stems from underestimating the risks of the old relative to the new. Open prostatectomy has been around for decades so all physicians know what to expect. Obtaining equally reliable information about the new robotic option (the antidote to omission and status quo bias) comes when physicians refer their patients for the procedure and see how they do. This is far more practical when there is a robot is located where those physicians work. While the use of robotic technology had no obvious direct financial impact on VA urologists, an indirect financial conflict of interest can never be ruled out when discussing one of the most expensive capital equipment in a hospital operating room. The decision not to purchase the robot at one out of 4 VA hospitals often creates more “skin in the game” than is obvious at first glance. Perhaps the decision not to pursue robotics creates pressure at this one hospital to keep up their number of open prostatectomies. Past contracts of doctors employed by HMOs clearly illustrate the wide range of financial tools and tactics available to hospitals to influence doctor behavior. The vast majority of physicians asked about cost-control arrangements at HMOs found them to cause unacceptable conflicts of interest (ARCHIVES INTERNAL MED. 2000; 649, 651-3). Urologists at the hospital with no robot may not know how to do robotic surgery and are not anxious for their hospital to jump into this arena and be replaced by new surgeons with robotic skills. This also would stimulate the number of open cases. The study provides no evidence that self-serving financial or political incentives caused actual conflict with the welfare of these VA patients. At the same time, the tapes of the consent processes that were studied seemed to yield nothing to rule out a potential for this type of conflict. Courts have been particularly concerned about physician conflicts of interest. Informed consent can be ruled invalid without disclosure of “any interest that the physician has that conflicts with, or even potentially conflicts with the physician’s fiduciary duty to that patient.” (Moore v. Regents of University of California). Ethical rules of the AMA state “If a conflict develops between the physician’s interest and the physician’s responsibilities to the patient, the conflict must be resolved to the patient’s benefit.” Disclosure of a potential conflict allows the patient to consider the surgeon’s competence to recommend the proposed surgery. At the minimum, the duty to inform required urologists without access to a robot to at least mention a robotic alternative. Optimally, this would be accompanied by helping patients interested in robotics to obtain a second opinion and/or explain why the robotic approach is not preferred. Instead of either of these choices, 78% of urologists chose not to bring it up at all. This was the most effective way to assure that patients stick with the doctor’s choice of open surgery – if these patients came across favorable information about robotics afterwards, it was most likely ignored. However, it only added to concerns about a potential conflict of interest and risked the trust of any patient that would have been interested in robotics. Without trust, there is no physician-patient relationship, only a merchant and a customer, each with competing interests, dealing at arms-length in a commercial transaction. It is unlikely that the VA patients in this study had knew the expected outcomes of either the open or robotic option, so their decisions weren’t likely influenced by the same biases that may have swayed one group of urologists vs. the others. The hospital where patients ended up receiving care would have no influence on the biases influencing their decisions. Moreover, the concept of “status quo” has a different definition from the perspective of the patient. Patients maintain their own status quo by findings the least possible invasive option. Not consenting to a recommended invasive procedure is essentially choosing the least possible invasive option. It is far more common to see patients refuse a physician’s advice for surgery than to find a single patient demand a treatment more invasive than what was recommended. It has been shown that patients tend to reject recommended invasive surgeries as they are given greater amounts of relevant information. This last fact alone documents a bias of patients against invasive surgery that is generally greater than their physicians. What this means is that patients as a group tend to be shifted towards the earlier part of the adoption spectrum for any proposed less invasive technique than their physicians. It is a well-recognized marketing fact that demand by patients (not physicians) has been the driving force behind the development of less invasive options in every surgical subspecialty. This puts patients and physicians on opposite sides of the chasm that typically separates the early innovators that kick-start an innovation and the more pragmatic majority that control its long fate. Many patients that I’ve talked with about robotics see their doctor’s demands for more research or better designed randomized trials as a sign of stalling. To them, they feel that to only way to get beyond the current system is to act without complete information. Pragmatic surgeons, on the other hand, see these patients as victims of the hype that often accompanies a new fad. Some patients end up choosing the “time-tested” approach, but they all say that objective and complete information about the robotic option was material to that decision. Two decades ago, a similar debate raged about less invasive treatment of breast cancer. Women who were actively involved in choosing between the conventional approach – modified radical mastectomy – or a new less invasive treatment had significantly higher overall quality of life at follow-up than women who had passive involvement. After it was shown that both yield equal survival, many surgeons continued to offer only the conventional approach and never mentioned less invasive options to their patients. The issue soon became political, prompting federal regulations and 14 states to enact legislation that mandates surgeons to inform patients of all viable alternatives to treat breast cancer. Some even required patients to verify that they received the specific information mandated by the statutes. Virtually all the mastectomy surgeons were offering their patients what they believed to be best and their patients most likely did not end up worse off. Nonetheless, legislation was required to protect the right of women, not surgeons, to choose what happens to their body. This is a “dignitary interest” with roots in a decision by a British court in the 1300’s that held a person to be entitled to legal protection of their mental tranquility even with no proof of physical injury by the defendant. Outside of this type of rare legislation, it is negligence statues, not dignitary interests, which provide the legal standard for complaints about informed consent. The plaintiff must prove that physical harm resulted from the failure to disclose all alternatives. It is not enough to prove that the information that was disclosed would have been material to the decision of the plaintiff patient, instead the interests of a theoretical “reasonable patient” are considered. The end result of all these hurdles is that the courts end up being a very poor catalyst to motivate surgeons to change. The system is built to conserve the existing status quo and mistrust the new. Preferred provider lists are based on the frequently incorrect assumption that all surgeons provide the same list of offerings. When the proves not to be the case, insurance companies don’t allow for patients to go to hospitals outside their preferred provider list without substantial out of pocket costs. Ironically, decision aides developed to promote shared decision making only discuss the conventional options and rarely discuss robotics. As proof that this system is working the way it was designed, Dr. Marty Makary, a surgical oncologist at Johns Hopkins, demonstrated in a survey in 2014 that 25% of hospitals in the US don’t offer less invasive GI surgery even though the complication rates are less than half the open method. Even guys like Dr. Makary are not without sins. His publications criticize robotics, pointing to the false advertising present on many hospital websites that uses unsubstantiated claims provided by the robot manufacturer. He concludes that “hospitals need to be more conscientious of their role as trusted medical advisers and ensure that information provided on their websites represents the best available evidence.” Yet Dr. Makary’s own website at Johns Hopkins describes a highly complex operation called a laparoscopic whipple to be “generally able to reduce blood loss and risk of infection for the patient.” There is no questioning his unique expertise in laparoscopic surgery and proficiency at this procedure but the evidence to support this statement on the website is by definition weak when this procedure still in its early experimental phase. If patients interested in novel options can’t expect the straight story from innovators like Dr. Makary, they certainly should not expect help from surgeons that don’t offer robotics, lawyers bound by the rules of medical negligence or a system designed to protect the conventional approach. The VA surgeons in this study were not paid by fee-for-service and knew that their consent process was being recorded. Imagine how the conversation goes when there is a profit motive and no recording? This leaves the patient with one last line of defense: shared decision making. Where we are today on this issue won’t have any impact. Something is needed to spur a fundamental change in the conversations surgeons have with their patients to bring it in line with the principles of shared decision making. I believe the main reason that this improvement initiative has yet to take off is that there are no good ways to measure its effect. A fundamental rule taught in the first week of most business schools is: “if it can’t be measured, it can’t be improved.” In order to improve progress in advancing the principles of shared decision making, we should start by measuring its impact on patients. Some patients that defer to their physician’s judgment will end up unwittingly choosing an option that they later discover was not an optimal fit for their personal values. Such dissonance causes regret. Regret is a powerful emotion evoked by a sense that things could have been improved by a better choice. Because of its disproportionate influence on patient decisions, regret reflects an effective decision just as closely as mortality and complication rates reflect effective technical performance. I propose the following litmus test for effective shared decision making. Explain to a patient 6 months after their surgery what are all their surgical options were (presumably a “refresher” course). Find out if this knowledge causes any of them to regret their choice. Patients with outcomes that weren’t as good as they expected are likely to be disappointed but regret suggests someone that chose an option that they didn’t fully understand at the time when currently compared to the alternatives. If this evidence is made transparent, I’d bet $100 that it would cause a sea change. Surgeons subjected to this type of scrutiny would then provide the same level of meticulous concern for informed consent as they do the technical aspects of their surgery.	https://www.roboticctsurgery.com/2016/07/04/share-the-decision-to-avoid-regret/
Will doctors be replaced by robots?Moreover, A.I. will transform the meaning of what it means to be a doctor; some tasks will disappear, while others will be added to the work routine. However, there will never be a situation where the embodiment of automation, either a robot or an algorithm, will take the place of a doctor. Are doctors likely to be replaced by robots?Furthermore, AI will totally change the meaning of what it means to become a doctor. Of course, some tasks will change, others will go away entirely. But, there will never ever be a scenario where automation via a robot or an algorithm will replace a doctor. Why robots won't replace doctors?Robots can't show empathy Unfortunately, empathy is unachievable for an automated machine, and that's the main argument against autonomous AI in healthcare. Though AI can outperform doctors in a variety of tasks, it can't become a human being. Which jobs Cannot be replaced by robots?Jobs involving high levels of human interaction, strategic interpretation, critical decision making, niche skills or subject matter expertise won't be replaced by automation anytime soon. “For instance - Lawyers, Leadership roles, Medical Professionals, Healthcare practitioners, IT & HR Professionals. Will surgeons be replaced in the future?In fact, there is a strong sense and anticipation that these concepts, at least two decades down the line, could even come very near to replacing surgeons or at least reduce the heavy load of repetitive movements that surgeons perform in the OR. Will AI mean we no longer need doctors? \| Enrico Coiera \| TEDxMacquarieUniversity Will doctors ever be obsolete?In Conclusion, technology might keep changing or even encounter the possibility of becoming obsolete, but doctors will never become obsolete. Will we ever run out of doctors?Data published in 2020 by the Association of American Medical Colleges estimates that the U.S. could see a shortage of 54,100 to 139,000 physicians by 2033. What jobs will be lost in the future? Robots are going to come along and take our jobs. ... Automation: 5 jobs that will never disappear, and 5 that will be gone by 2030 ... Automation: 5 jobs that will never disappear, and 5 that will be gone by 2030 - Travel agent. - Taxi drivers. - Store cashiers. - Fast food cooks. - Administrative legal jobs. What are 3 jobs that robots will do in the future? What Jobs Will Robots Take From Humans in The Future? - Telemarketing. ... - Automated Shipping Services. ... - Sewer Management. ... - Tax Preparers. ... - Photograph Processing. ... - Data Entry Work. ... - Librarians and Library Technicians. What job is most likely to be replaced by robots? 12 jobs that AI will eventually replace: - Customer service executives. Customer service roles do not require high levels of social or emotional intelligence to perform the role efficiently. ... - Bookkeeping and data entry. ... - Receptionists. ... - Proofreading. ... - Manufacturing and pharmaceutical work. ... - Retail services. ... - Courier services. Will we need doctors in the future?The U.S. faces a projected shortage of between 37,800 and 124,000 physicians within 12 years, according to The Complexities of Physician Supply and Demand: Projections From 2019 to 2034 (PDF), a report released by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). Will doctors get paid more in the future?Overall compensation increases Overall, the report found that physician compensation increased significantly in early 2022 when compared with 2021 and 2020. On average, primary care physicians earned $260,000 in early 2022, compared with $242,000 in 2021 and $243,000 in 2020. Will robots ever do surgery?Robotic surgery, also called robot-assisted surgery, allows doctors to perform many types of complex procedures with more precision, flexibility and control than is possible with conventional techniques. Robotic surgery is usually associated with minimally invasive surgery — procedures performed through tiny incisions. Will robots replace general surgeons?So there you have it. Robots are unlikely to lock surgeons out of the operating room any time soon. But they are increasingly likely to help surgeons perform surgery better. Will nurses be replaced by AI?Robots and automated tech will essentially just be another tool for nurses to bring increased efficiency to their jobs, and while there are many exciting developments coming out of the healthcare tech industry, including those that make nurses jobs easier, it's probably safe to say that you won't be out of a job ... What are the 4d jobs of robot?The 4 Ds Of Robotization: Dull, Dirty, Dangerous And Dear. What jobs have been lost due to technology? Here are ten examples of jobs lost to technology. ... 10 jobs lost to technology ... 10 jobs lost to technology - Human computers. Before electronic computers, a human computer would complete complex mathematical calculations by hand. ... - Pin boys. ... - Lift operators. ... - Switchboard operators. ... - Cashiers. ... - Factory workers. ... - Warehouse workers. ... - Data-entry clerks. Will robots eventually take over human jobs?Will robots replace human workers? Robots and artificial intelligence (AI) are expected to permeate our daily lives by 2025. This could have huge implications on several business sectors, most notably healthcare, customer service and logistics. Which jobs will not disappear in the future? 12 Jobs That Will Never Go Away - Social Workers. ... - Educators. ... - Medical Workers. ... - Marketing, Design, and Advertising Professionals. ... - Data Scientists. ... - Dentists. ... - Conservation Scientists. ... - Cybersecurity Experts. What is the most needed profession? 12 high demand jobs - Financial manager. ... - Medical assistant. ... - Software developer. ... - Market research analyst. ... - Substance abuse counselor. ... - Health services manager. ... - Statistician. ... - Nurse practitioner. Is the US losing doctors?A report published Thursday by Definitive Healthcare found that nearly 334,000 health care providers—including 117,000 physicians—left the workforce in 2021, with many citing burnout and pandemic-related stressors, Mari Devereaux writes for Modern Healthcare. Why are doctors quitting medicine?Why? What are the primary factors causing so many doctors to want to quit? Just under half (47%) of doctors say they are burned out, up from 42% the previous year, according to Medscape's latest burnout survey. Female doctors report significantly higher rates of burnout (56%) than their male colleagues (41%). Are doctors still in debt?Between medical school and undergraduate study, physicians must pay for 8 years of postsecondary education before they can work as doctors. Medical school graduates owe a median average of $200,000 to $215,000 in total educational debt, premedical debt included. ← Previous question What vitamins should be taken at night? What vitamins should be taken at night? Next question → How can I make my breasts smaller naturally? How can I make my breasts smaller naturally?	https://soflanights.com/faq/will-doctors-be-replaced-by-robots
From self-driving cars and drones to robotic surgeons and soldiers, humans are delegating more tasks to machines and software. But who is responsible when then these new innovations cause damage, injury, or death? Can we trust machines to prioritize preserving human life when accidents inevitably occur? Should we be thinking about sweeping regulations? In this episode of Digital Detectives, hosts Sharon Nelson and John Simek interview The Law of Robots Professor Ed Walters. Together they discuss our robotic world and potential future risks. Can humans keep up, will our laws protect us, and how worried should we be? Tune in to hear insight on these questions plus many more.	https://www.iheart.com/podcast/digital-detectives-21386921/episode/the-law-of-robotics-autonomy-responsibility-27198773/
Canada faces an unprecedented oversupply of orthopaedic surgery graduates, many of whom can only find precarious work as locum tenens or are forced to look for work offshore. Many factors contribute to the situation. Chief among them, though, are austerity measures initiated by provincial health ministries that have effectively cancelled a projected expansion of human health resources in general and orthopaedic resources in particular. It’s not as though Canada does not need these new surgeons. Demand for orthopaedic services is greater than ever. Indeed, early in the last decade, governments and universities went to a great deal of trouble and expense to increase orthopaedic residency positions by about 90 percent. The talented young men and women who were recruited to fill those spaces are now for the most part facing very real struggles, often working as itinerant contract trauma surgeons covering call for established surgeons or doing serial fellowships until conditions change. Eventually, a number of these young surgeons will find their niche, often by chance, because generational turnover will open up existing positions at just the right moment. Such underemployment, however, is a systemic problem that will take years to resolve and many rounds of delicate negotiations to reduce the number of residencies to sustainable levels. It’s a painful predicament. What can be done? These long-term market forces may be mostly beyond the control of the Canadian Orthopaedic Association, but how our profession responds in the meantime to this difficult situation is not. I propose a return to an old-fashioned virtue: teamwork. By this, I don’t mean a group of individual surgeons who like to work together because their personalities are compatible and their skills are complementary—although that seems a minimum for team-building. I believe something more formal is needed, where the team practice is delineated in detail so that roles and responsibilities are clear and transparent, where there is a forward-looking strategic plan to nurture the practice and the profession, and where patient-centered care trumps all other considerations. The locum tenens dilemma In Canada, the locum tenens role has become a type of “gray market” for unemployed orthopaedic surgeons, enabling some established surgeons to divest themselves of their emergency call obligations. One can argue that trauma call is the only regular work available and graduates should count their blessings, but there are some serious flaws in this line of thinking. First is the loss of other specialty skills. In addition, the potential for abuse is obvious, because contract workers have no say in how the work is meted out. Also, their careers can be at risk if something should go wrong and patient hand-over protocols are not as rigorous as they should be. Even more concerning is the question of whether “remote management” of an emergency trauma patient by an established surgeon through a contract worker compromises optimal outcomes. It’s hard to imagine how these types of locum positions are an example of best practices. I believe we need to return to the traditional locum tenens, where the “placeholder” surgeon substitutes for a brief amount of time, covering both elective and call work. If a practice has real concerns about the amount of trauma call obligations they need to fulfill, then the team should consider hiring an orthopaedic surgeon with an interest in trauma. Let’s give some real work to these young surgeons who have had a steady diet of trauma, and while we are at it, let’s argue for resources to look after injured patients during daytime hours, which will have a positive impact on the surgeons delivering trauma care and will improve outcomes for patients. At the heart of the underemployment/unemployment crisis lies an existential question: Are today’s orthopaedic surgeons willing to share some of their closely guarded resources with a new generation of surgeons who have no access to new resources? Can we change the models for our practices to allow intergenerational practice integration in a manner different from what has been done for decades? Canada is very close to the United States—your “neighbor to the north.” Knowing that orthopaedic surgeons are in short supply in the United States, can we find opportunities for some Canadian orthopaedic graduates to assist in filling some vacancies in the United States? Canadian and American orthopaedic professional organizations have had a strong association for decades, and mutual cooperation will continue to benefit patients in our respective countries. I personally see these challenges as an opportunity for a positive change and ultimately for the continued growth and success of the profession. Bas Masri, MD, FRCSC, is the current president of the Canadian Orthopaedic Association and a professor, head of the department of orthopaedics, and medical director for the Centre for Surgical Innovation at the University of British Columbia. Editor’s Note: This is another in a series of articles by the presidents of orthopaedic associations from around the world. Each article will cover an issue relevant to that country or organization that is also of interest to U.S. orthopaedic surgeons. The previous article Orthopaedic Training in South Africa.	https://www.aaos.org/aaosnow/2015/jan/youraaos/youraaos4/
Conference to showcase leading developments in gynaecological robotic surgery The University of Leicester will host the 7th Annual British and Irish Association of Gynaecological Robotic Surgeons conference between 1 - 3 March. The conference will be looking at a number of aspects of robotic gynaecological surgery including surgeon training, anaesthetic implications, theatre set up as well as state of the art procedures for cancer (cervix and womb), endometriosis and incontinence surgery. International experts including Professor Henrik Falconer from the Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden and Professor Philippe Van Trappen from the University of Ghent, Belgium will be speaking as well as UK experts. Gynaecological surgeons, trainees and theatre nurses/practitioners from all across the UK and Ireland will be attending to share their knowledge and experience and learn from the experts. Dr Esther Moss, from the University's Department of Cancer Studies and lead robotic gynaecological surgeon at the University Hospitals of Leicester, said: “Leicester is one of the largest gynaecological robotic centres in the UK and this conference is a great opportunity for us to showcase both the clinical and academic work we are doing here in this area of surgery." Karamjit Singh, Chairman of Leicester’s Hospitals, said: “I am absolutely delighted to be opening the Annual Conference of the British and Irish Association of Robotic Gynaecological Surgeons here in Leicester. “It strengthens the fantastic partnership that we are continuing to develop between our hospitals and the University of Leicester. Hosting this conference will help to promote Leicester as a centre of excellence in the country, showcasing the pioneering work in healthcare we are able to provide our patients.” The conference will take place at Stamford Court, Manor Road, Oadby, LE2 2LH on 1-3 March 2017.	https://le.ac.uk/news/2017/march/conference-to-showcase-leading-developments-in-gynaecological-robotic-surgery
NEW OFFICERS: Please help us welcome the following new officers: - Allison Porter, MD (President-Elect) Mt. Vernon - Judy Chen-Meekin, MD (Councilor) Seattle - David M. Brown, MD (Councilor) Spokane Mission Statement “The Washington State Chapter, ACS seeks to engage Washington State surgeons in the activities of the American College of Surgeons.” History In 1913, the American College of Surgeons was founded, two years after the Seattle Surgical Society. In 1951, the Washington Chapter of the American College of Surgeons was established. Dr. Joel Baker was the first Chapter President. Subsequently, Dr. Baker became President of the American College of Surgeons (1970). Dr. Herbert Coe, Governor at the time of the founding of the Washington Chapter, was awarded the Distinguished Service Award of the American College of Surgeons in 1967. Dr. Henry N. Harkins, first Professor and Chairman, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, was a very active member of the Washington Chapter. Dr. Harkins' special interest was postgraduate education for the Surgical Resident Fellow, as well as members of the practicing community. He encouraged doctors in training to present scientific papers at the Annual Chapter Meeting. Now a full scientific session is devoted to presentation by residents and fellows. A special award for the outstanding paper has been established in Dr. Harkins' honor. The Annual Meeting is held in mid-June at various resorts throughout the Northwest. The objectives of the Washington Chapter are as follows: - To foster a close fellowship among surgeons in the area through a common interest in the Chapter and in the activities of the College. - To provide for surgeons in all the various surgical specialties a common meeting ground where each may learn from the others. - To strive to obtain the highest standards of patient care in their communities. - To provide opportunities to further the education of Fellows, members of the Candidate Group, hospital house staffs and all practicing physicians in the area. - To devote particular attention to the younger surgeons by providing a forum for discussion of their professional and ethical problems and to orient them toward Fellowship in the College. - To cooperate with local trauma committees of the College by fostering programs concerned with traffic safety, emergency care of the injured and civil defense and by working with other citizens groups interested in these fields. - To give local support to College programs in control of cancer and to cancer clinics. - To maintain close working relationships with the local Governors of the College. The local Governors should be ex-officio members of the Council of each Chapter. - To cooperate with local medical societies and with worthy civic movements concerned with the health of the citizens. Membership in the Washington Chapter is open to all Fellows of the College residing in the area. Dear WA ACS Membership, Undoubtedly all of us are aware of the significant concerns the COVID19 pandemic is causing in our state and around the world. As we cope with how best to prepare and respond to uncertain times ahead I wanted to remind all of you that the ACS and the state chapter stand ready to support its surgeons and their institutions, in any way possible. By now you have all likely seen the recommendations from the Surgeon General, ACS and NIH recommending suspending elective surgical procedures. I understand how challenging this can be for a practice and institution to consider, particularly if few cases have been reported in your local area. However, prevention is the only measure of defense we have at this time. Consider the potential impact if a single unknowingly infected patient passes through your OR and the risks of this scenario. Link below for your reference is a rather detailed paper describing the precautions and practices adopted in one large hospital in Singapore while dealing with the pandemic. I am sure your institution has knowledgeable professionals at work on infection control, but the OR is often an area of less focus for infectious control practices. Please let us know if there is any way we can support you in these challenging times. Link to article -- Click here Respectfully, Matthew Eckert MD FACS WA-ACS President Message from the President April 14, 2020 Dear Washington ACS Chapter Members, I hope that this message finds all of you healthy and doing as well as possible during these unprecedented times. While our state appears to be beyond the predicted COVID-19 peak, we all know things can change and the process of moving forward remains uncertain and with heightened risk for healthcare providers. So, please be safe while continuing the important work you do. The Oregon and Washington Councils have made the official decision to cancel the June 2020 WA/OR Meeting at Sun River. The OR Council is currently working with Sun River and its membership to decide whether to hold a late August/September meeting or cancel the 2020 meeting altogether. Sue and I will forward information as soon as it is available. If any members have opinions or suggestions regarding the scheduling please feel free to respond to Sue or myself and we can relay those comments to Dr. Kiraly and the Oregon Council. If you have already made Sun River reservations for June, please call Sun River resort to process your refunds. If you have already registered for the meeting, the OR Chapter will forward your registration fees to the delayed meeting, or if you cannot/choose not to attend, will refund your registration. Please contact Mr. Harvey Gail (OR administrator), [email protected]. Pending the OR Council decision we will announce plans for handling WA abstracts for this year. Options include presentation at a later meeting, presentation in an alternative venue or possibly virtually. The WA cancer abstracts that are eligible for the CoC Competition will be reviewed and authors notified of their selection for the national competition. Warmest regards, Matthew Eckert MD FACS President, WA State Chapter ACS MEMBER SERVICES WHY BECOME A MEMBER - Participate in educational programs through continuing medical education - Active membership for all members including young surgeons - Improving care for surgical patients - Opportunities for networking and engagement WHAT WE OFFER - Outstanding Educational Program - Networking Opportunities - Outreach and Advocacy ANNUAL DUES - - Associate - $40 - Resident - Free - Senior - Free - Medical Students - Free Do you know Washington State's CME Requirements? Find out here.	https://www.wachapteracs.org/
Abstract: Cellular glucose uptake via Glucose Transporter 4 (GLUT4) in adipose tissue and muscle cells is initialized by binding of extracellular insulin to its receptors in the plasma membrane. GLUT4 translocates from intracellular vesicles to the cell surface and facilitates glucose internalization. Insulin signaling is altered by a variety of diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus type 2) and results in impaired glucose clearance of the blood. We visualized the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane after addition of soluble insulin using single-molecule-sensitive fluorescence microscopy. GLUT4 is genetically modified with eGFP. In order to distinguish between to the membrane translocated GLUT4 and vesicular GLUT4, we excite the cell membrane with an evanescent wave produced (total internal reflection configuration). Another possibility is formation of Giant Plasma Membrane Vesicles (GPMVs) of stimulated cells. The last approach reduces the influence of free GLUT4-eGFP near the membrane further. In contrast, we tested the localized stimulation with insulin using the functionalized tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever. Thereby, insulin-coated beads were brought into contact with the cell. A localized significant increase of the translocated GLUT4-bound eGFP signal was found. Obviously, binding affinity is increased via surface immobilization in comparison to soluble insulin. The next step will be the functionalization of bionanoparticles like lipoproteins as carrier system. We speculate, that their intrinsic biocompatibility will enhance the viability of its cargo and should yield a prolonged steady basal insulin level in the body – thus stabilizing the blood glucose level.	https://pure.fh-ooe.at/en/publications/response-of-the-glucose-transporter-due-to-differential-stimulati
GLUT4 is primarily found in: Regulation Insulin Under conditions of low insulin, GLUT4 is sequestered in intracellular vesicles in muscle and fat cells. Insulin induces a rapid increase in the uptake of glucose by inducing the translocation of GLUT4 from these vesicles to the plasma membrane. As the vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane, GLUT4 transporters are inserted and become available for transporting glucose, and glucose absorption increases. Insulin binds to the insulin receptor in its dimeric form and activates the receptor's tyrosine-kinase domain. The receptor then phosphorylates and subsequently recruits Insulin Receptor Substrate or IRS-1, which in turn binds the enzyme PI-3 kinase through the binding of the enzyme's SH2 domain to the pTyr of IRS. PI-3 kinase converts the membrane lipid PIP2 to PIP3. PIP3 is specifically recognized by the PH domains of PKB (protein kinase B)or AKT, and also for PDK1 which, being localized together with PKB, can phosphorylate and activate PKB. Once phosphorylated, PKB is in its active form and phosphorylates TBC1D4, which inhibits the GAP domain or the GTPase-activating domain associated with TBC1D4, allowing for Rab protein to change from its GDP to GTP bound state. Inhibition of the GTPase-activating domain leaves proteins next in the cascade in their active form and stimulates GLUT4 to be expressed on the plasma membrane. At the cell surface, GLUT4 permits the facilitated diffusion of circulating glucose down its concentration gradient into muscle and fat cells. Once within cells, glucose is rapidly phosphorylated by glucokinase in the liver and hexokinase in other tissues to form glucose-6-phosphate, which then enters glycolysis or is polymerized into glycogen. Glucose-6-phosphate cannot diffuse back out of cells, which also serves to maintain the concentration gradient for glucose to passively enter cells. Knockout mice that are heterozygous for GLUT4 develop insulin resistance in their muscles as well as diabetes. Muscle contraction Muscle contraction stimulates muscle cells to translocate GLUT4 receptors to their surfaces. This is especially true in cardiac muscle, where continuous contraction can be relied upon; but is observed to a lesser extent in skeletal muscle. Interactions GLUT4 has been shown to interact with death-associated protein 6. Interactive pathway map Template:GlycolysisGluconeogenesis WP534 References - ^ James DE, Brown R, Navarro J, Pilch PF (May 1988). "Insulin-regulatable tissues express a unique insulin-sensitive glucose transport protein". Nature 333 (6169): 183–5. PMID 3285221. doi:10.1038/333183a0. - ^ James DE, Strube M, Mueckler M (March 1989). "Molecular cloning and characterization of an insulin-regulatable glucose transporter". Nature 338 (6210): 83–7. PMID 2645527. doi:10.1038/338083a0. - ^ Birnbaum MJ (April 1989). "Identification of a novel gene encoding an insulin-responsive glucose transporter protein". Cell 57 (2): 305–15. PMID 2649253. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90968-9. - ^ Bell GI, Murray JC, Nakamura Y, Kayano T, Eddy RL, Fan YS, Byers MG, Shows TB (August 1989). "Polymorphic human insulin-responsive glucose-transporter gene on chromosome 17p13". Diabetes 38 (8): 1072–5. PMID 2568955. doi:10.2337/diabetes.38.8.1072. - ^ Patel, Sita Sharan; Udayabanu (March 2014). "Malairaman". Metab Brain Dis 29 (1): 121–30. PMID 24435938. doi:10.1007/s11011-014-9480-0. - ^ Piroli, GG; Grillo, CA; Reznikov, LR; Adams, S; McEwen, BS; Charron, MJ; Reagan, LP (2007). "Corticosterone impairs insulin-stimulated translocation of GLUT4 in the rat hippocampus.". Neuroendocrinology 85 (2): 71–80. PMID 17426391. doi:10.1159/000101694. - ^ Huang CC, Lee CC, Hsu KS (2010). "The role of insulin receptor signaling in synaptic plasticity and cognitive function". Chang Gung Med J 33 (2): 115–25. PMID 20438663. - ^ Cushman SW, Wardzala LJ (May 1980). "Potential mechanism of insulin action on glucose transport in the isolated rat adipose cell. Apparent translocation of intracellular transport systems to the plasma membrane" (PDF). J. Biol. Chem. 255 (10): 4758–62. PMID 6989818. - ^ Watson RT, Kanzaki M, Pessin JE (2004). "Regulated membrane trafficking of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter 4 in adipocytes". Endocr. Rev. 25 (2): 177–204. PMID 15082519. doi:10.1210/er.2003-0011. - ^ Stenbit AE, Tsao TS, Li J, Burcelin R, Geenen DL, Factor SM, Houseknecht K, Katz EB, Charron MJ (1997). "GLUT4 heterozygous knockout mice develop muscle insulin resistance and diabetes". Nature Medicine 3 (10): 1096–1101. PMID 9334720. doi:10.1038/nm1097-1096. - ^ Lund S, Holman GD, Schmitz O, Pedersen O (1995). "Contraction stimulates translocation of glucose transporter GLUT4 in skeletal muscle through a mechanism distinct from that of insulin". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (13): 5817–21. PMC 41592. PMID 7597034. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.13.5817. - ^ Lalioti VS, Vergarajauregui S, Pulido D, Sandoval IV (May 2002). "The insulin-sensitive glucose transporter, GLUT4, interacts physically with Daxx. This can also bind to lipoproteins for transport. Two proteins with capacity to bind Ubc9 and conjugated to SUMO1". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (22): 19783–91. PMID 11842083. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110294200. Further reading - Slot JW, Geuze HJ, Gigengack S, Lienhard GE, James DE (April 1991). "Immuno-localization of the insulin regulatable glucose transporter in brown adipose tissue of the rat". J. Cell Biol. 113 (1): 123–35. PMC 2288909. PMID 2007617. doi:10.1083/jcb.113.1.123. - Govers R, Coster AC, James DE (July 2004). "Insulin increases cell surface GLUT4 levels by dose dependently discharging GLUT4 into a cell surface recycling pathway". Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 (14): 6456–66. PMC 434240. PMID 15226445. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.14.6456-6466.2004. - Ng Y, Ramm G, Lopez JA, James DE (April 2008). "Rapid activation of Akt2 is sufficient to stimulate GLUT4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes". Cell Metab. 7 (4): 348–56. PMID 18396141. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.02.008. - Foster LJ, Klip A (2000). "Mechanism and regulation of GLUT-4 vesicle fusion in muscle and fat cells". Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. 279 (4): C877–90. PMID 11003568. - Bryant NJ, Govers R, James DE (2002). "Regulated transport of the glucose transporter GLUT4". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 3 (4): 267–77. PMID 11994746. doi:10.1038/nrm782. - Baumann MU, Deborde S, Illsley NP (2003). "Placental glucose transfer and fetal growth". Endocrine 19 (1): 13–22. PMID 12583599. doi:10.1385/ENDO:19:1:13. - Olson AL, Knight JB (2004). "Regulation of GLUT4 expression in vivo and in vitro". Front. Biosci. 8 (1-3): s401–09. PMID 12700047. doi:10.2741/1072. - McCarthy AM, Elmendorf JS (2007). "GLUT4's itinerary in health & disease". Indian J. Med. Res. 125 (3): 373–88. PMID 17496362. - Buse JB, Yasuda K, Lay TP et al. (1992). "Human GLUT4/muscle-fat glucose-transporter gene. Characterization and genetic variation". Diabetes 41 (11): 1436–45. PMID 1397719. doi:10.2337/diabetes.41.11.1436. - O'Rahilly S, Krook A, Morgan R et al. (1992). "Insulin receptor and insulin-responsive glucose transporter (GLUT 4) mutations and polymorphisms in a Welsh type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic population". Diabetologia 35 (5): 486–89. PMID 1521731. doi:10.1007/BF02342449. - Liu ML, Olson AL, Moye-Rowley WS et al. (1992). "Expression and regulation of the human GLUT4/muscle-fat facilitative glucose transporter gene in transgenic mice". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (17): 11673–36. PMID 1601840. - Choi WH, O'Rahilly S, Buse JB et al. (1992). "Molecular scanning of insulin-responsive glucose transporter (GLUT4) gene in NIDDM subjects". Diabetes 40 (12): 1712–18. PMID 1756912. doi:10.2337/diabetes.40.12.1712. - Kusari J, Verma US, Buse JB et al. (1991). "Analysis of the gene sequences of the insulin receptor and the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter (GLUT-4) in patients with common-type non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus". J. Clin. Invest. 88 (4): 1323–30. PMC 295602. PMID 1918382. doi:10.1172/JCI115437. - Fukumoto H, Kayano T, Buse JB et al. (1989). "Cloning and characterization of the major insulin-responsive glucose transporter expressed in human skeletal muscle and other insulin-responsive tissues". J. Biol. Chem. 264 (14): 7776–79. PMID 2656669. - Chiaramonte R, Martini R, Taramelli R, Comi P (1993). "Identification of the 5' end of the gene encoding a human insulin-responsive glucose transporter". Gene 130 (2): 307–08. PMID 7916714. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(93)90438-9. - Verhey KJ, Birnbaum MJ (1994). "A Leu-Leu sequence is essential for COOH-terminal targeting signal of GLUT4 glucose transporter in fibroblasts". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (4): 2353–56. PMID 8300557. - Lee W, Samuel J, Zhang W et al. (1997). "A myosin-derived peptide C109 binds to GLUT4-vesicles and inhibits the insulin-induced glucose transport stimulation and GLUT4 recruitment in rat adipocytes". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 240 (2): 409–14. PMID 9388492. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.7671. - Shi Y, Samuel SJ, Lee W et al. (1999). "Cloning of an L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase that interacts with the GLUT4 C-terminus". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 363 (2): 323–32. PMID 10068455. doi:10.1006/abbi.1998.1088. - Abel ED, Kaulbach HC, Tian R et al. (2000). "Cardiac hypertrophy with preserved contractile function after selective deletion of GLUT4 from the heart". J. Clin. Invest. 104 (12): 1703–14. PMC 409881. PMID 10606624. doi:10.1172/JCI7605. - Abel ED, Peroni O, Kim JK et al. (2001). "Adipose-selective targeting of the GLUT4 gene impairs insulin action in muscle and liver". Nature 409 (6821): 729–33. PMID 11217863. doi:10.1038/35055575. External links - GLUT4 Protein at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) - USCD—Nature molecule pages: The signaling pathway", "GLUT4"; contains a high-resolution network map. Accessed 25 December 2009.	http://research.omicsgroup.org/index.php/GLUT4
The facilitative glucose transporter GLUT4, a recycling membrane protein, is required for dietary glucose uptake into muscle and fat cells. GLUT4 is also responsible for the increased glucose uptake by myofibres during muscle contraction. Defects in GLUT4 membrane traffic contribute to loss of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. Numerous studies have analysed the intracellular membrane compartments occupied by GLUT4 and the mechanisms by which insulin regulates GLUT4 exocytosis. However, until recently, GLUT4 internalization was less well understood. In the present paper, we review: (i) evidence supporting the co-existence of clathrin-dependent and independent GLUT4 internalization in adipocytes and muscle cells; (ii) the contrasting regulation of GLUT4 internalization by insulin in these cells; and (iii) evidence suggesting regulation of GLUT4 endocytosis in muscle cells by signals associated with muscle contraction.	http://www.bioscirep.org/content/29/1/1
My research interest is focused on Fibroblast Growth Factor receptor (FGFR) expression and signaling in adult beta cells. We have identified control of FGFR1-expression and -signaling by modifications in the beta-cell extracellular microenvironment. We are now investigating the role of the novel kinase-deficient FGFR5 isoform in the regulation of beta-cell FGFR1-signalling. Using insulin-secreting cell lines, we have expression of FGFR5 at both the cell membrane as well as in association with insulin secretory granules. Expression of FGFR5 enhances classical intracellular FGF-mediated signaling pathways, cellular matrix adhesion as well as insulin content. Expression of a ‘dominant-negative’ (kinase-deficient) isoform of classical FGFR1 (similar in structure to FGFR5) has been shown to induce a diabetic phenotype in mice. Taken together, these data promote our interest in defining the role that FGFRs play in normal beta-cell maintenance and insulin secretion. We currently examine this receptor signaling system using methods of fluorescence microscopy (live-cell and fixed) both in vitro as well as in vivo (whole islet), and verify our results in combination with traditional biochemical techniques. Professor, Department of Paediatrics; Department of Biochemistry; and Department of Physiology Senior Scientist, The Hospital For Sick Children 555 University Ave., McMaster Building, Room 5004 Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Phone: 416-813-6392 Fax: 416-813-5028 [email protected] View website We study how insulin stimulates glucose entry into muscle and how this fails in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We explore insulin signals, movement of vesicles containing glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and strategies to render muscle cells insulin-resistant. We generated platforms of muscle cells in culture expressing tagged GLUT4 and a number of insulin signals, as well as transgenic mice expressing tagged GLUT4 in muscle, to test GLUT4 movement in vivo. With these systems we found that signals downstream of PI3-kinase bifurcate into activation of Akt and of the small G protein Rac. Downstream of Akt lies AS160 that regulates the small G proteins Rab8A and Rab13 to control GLUT4 vesicle arrival near the membrane. GLUT4 vesicles arriving at the plasma membrane (in the TIRF-imaging zone) then tether to actin filaments through the molecular motor Myosin 1c. In turn, Rac controls actin filament remodelling, crucial for GLUT4 vesicle translocation to the membrane, and our collaborator Erik Richter (Copenhagen) found that mice lacking Rac in muscle become insulin-resistant. Moreover, overexpressing Rac in cells overcame insulin resistance. Recently we discovered that the saturated fatty acid palmitate renders macrophages inflammatory, to produce cytokines that make muscle cells insulin-resistant. Moreover, direct activation of the NOD innate immunity recognition receptors, in cells or in vivo, caused insulin resistance. Finally, we documented a particular infiltration of inflammatory macrophages in the muscles of high fat-fed mice and of obese, insulin-resistant humans. These collective findings contribute to our understanding of the link between inflammation and insulin resistance. Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences Eye Physician and Surgeon and Medical Retina Specialist, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre 2075 Bayview Ave., Room M1202b Toronto, ON M4N 3M5 Phone: 416-480-5607 Fax: 416-480-5675 [email protected] My current research interest is in retinal vascular diseases including diabetic macular edema. We have demonstrated the importance of serum biomarkers in the role of diabetic retinopathy. Currently, we are measuring cytokines drawn from the aqueous humor in patients with diabetic macular edema to determine if they can predict responses to treatment with intravitreal lucentis injections. The goal of this research is to ultimately use aqueous humor cytokines to guide treatment decisions with various intravitreal medications including anti-VEGF agents, and steroids, in the management of diabetic macular edema. Assistant Professor, University of Toronto Associate Member, Institute of Medical Science Transplant Nephrologist, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network Scientist, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute Associate Staff, Division of Nephrology, Mount Sinai Hospital 585 University Avenue, 11-PMB-189 Toronto, ON M5G 2N2 Phone: 416-340-6950 Fax: 188-824-78594 [email protected] My research program has three projects directly related to diabetes: 1) Angiotensin II is a peptide produced in the kidney that leads to progression of diabetic kidney disease. We have identified a group of proteins regulated by angiotensin II in kidney cells and demonstrated that these proteins were involved in kidney fibrosis. We have also demonstrated that measurements of these proteins in urine correlate with kidney fibrosis. We are now studying the mechanisms of regulation of these angiotensin II-activity proteins. Agents that inhibit these proteins may represent new potential treatments of diabetic and other kidney diseases. 2) The mechanisms leading to development of early diabetic nephropathy are still poorly understood. By studying the urinary peptidome of patients with juvenile diabetes mellitus type I and no known diabetic complications, we have identified several peptides of protein uromodulin. We are now investigating the potential function of these peptides and proteases that cleave them from uromodulin, in order to enhance our understanding of the early events leading to kidney injury in type I diabetes. 3) Male sex has been associated with increased risk of progression of kidney disease. We have recently discovered that male sex hormones affect metabolic enzymes in kidney cells and may result in maladaptive metabolic changes in the kidney. These effects were demonstrated in two different animal models of diabetes, where male animals had increased expression of these enzymes and increased kidney hypertrophy and oxidative stress. We are now investigating how sex hormones affect metabolism in kidney cells and whether we can modify the maladaptive effects of testosterone through manipulation of metabolism. Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinician-Scientist, Mount Sinai Hospital 60 Murray Street, Suite L5-210 Toronto, ON M5T 3L9 Phone: 416-586-4800 [email protected] My clinical research focuses on (i) the impact of obesity on metabolic dysfunction, (ii) the pathophysiology and risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), (iii) risk factors for cardiovascular disease in individuals with metabolic abnormalities, and (iv) strategies for the treatment of T2DM. I am particularly interested in understanding the pathophysiology of T2DM in individuals with various degrees of obesity and differential patterns of body fat distribution.	https://bbdc.org/membership/our-research-members/?alpha=K
- Effects of insulin on glucose transport and glucose transporters in rat heart. - Insulin Signaling and the Regulation of Glucose Transport GLUT4, the major isoform in insulin-responsive tissue, translocates from an intracellular pool to the cell surface and as such determines insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. However, despite intensive research over 50 years, the insulin-dependent and -independent pathways that mediate GLUT4 translocation are not fully elucidated in any species. Insulin resistance IR is one of the hallmarks of equine metabolic syndrome and is the most common metabolic predisposition for laminitis in horses. IR is characterized by the impaired ability of insulin to stimulate glucose disposal into insulin-sensitive tissues. Regulatory Mechanism of Skeletal Muscle Glucose Transport by Phenolic Acids The ability of insulin to stimulate glucose uptake into muscle and adipose tissue is central to the maintenance of whole-body glucose homeostasis. Deregulation of insulin action manifests itself as insulin resistance, a key component of type II diabetes mellitus T2DM. Both forms of diabetes confer an increased risk of major lifelong complications. In the case of insulin resistance, this includes a fivefold increased risk of coronary vascular disease. The need for an effective treatment for both forms of diabetes as well as for the development of early detection methodologies has, therefore, become increasingly important. Although diabetes has been identified as a major risk factor for atrial fibrillation, little is known about glucose metabolism in the healthy and diabetic atria. Glucose transport into the cell, the rate-limiting step of glucose utilization, is regulated by the Glucose Transporters GLUTs. We hypothesized that GLUT-4 and -8 translocation to the atrial cell surface will be regulated by insulin and impaired during insulin-dependent diabetes. GLUT protein content was measured by Western blotting in healthy cardiac myocytes and type 1 streptozotocin-induced, T1Dx diabetic rodents. Active cell surface GLUT content was measured using a biotinylated photolabeled assay in the perfused heart. Akt and AS phosphorylation was not impaired in the diabetic atria, suggesting the presence of an intact insulin signaling pathway. Signaling pathways in insulin action: molecular targets of insulin resistance Insulin stimulates glucose uptake in muscle and adipose cells primarily by recruiting GLUT4 from an intracellular storage pool to the plasma membrane. Dysfunction of this process known as insulin resistance causes hyperglycemia, a hallmark of diabetes and obesity. Thus the understanding of the mechanisms underlying this process at the molecular level may give, an insight into the prevention and treatment of these health problems. GLUT4 in rat adipocytes, for example, constantly recycles between the cell surface and an intracellular pool by endocytosis and exocytosis, each of which is regulated by an insulin-sensitive and GLUT4-selective sorting mechanism. Our working hypothesis has been that this sorting mechanism includes a specific interaction of a cytosolic protein with the GLUT4 cytoplasmic domain. Effects of insulin on glucose transport and glucose transporters in rat heart. Randhawa, Amira Klip; Insulin action on glucose transporters through molecular switches, tracks and tethers. Biochem J 15 July ; 2 : — Glucose entry into muscle cells is precisely regulated by insulin, through recruitment of GLUT4 glucose transporter-4 to the membrane of muscle and fat cells. Work done over more than two decades has contributed to mapping the insulin signalling and GLUT4 vesicle trafficking events underpinning this response. Type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM is one of the most severe public health problems in the world. In recent years, evidences show a commonness of utilization of alternative medicines such as phytomedicine for the treatment of T2DM. Phenolic acids are the most common compounds in non-flavonoid group of phenolic compounds and have been suggested to have a potential to lower the risk of T2DM. Insulin Signaling and the Regulation of Glucose Transport Metrics details. Gaps remain in our understanding of the precise molecular mechanisms by which insulin regulates glucose uptake in fat and muscle cells. Recent evidence suggests that insulin action involves multiple pathways, each compartmentalized in discrete domains. Upon activation, the receptor catalyzes the tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of substrates. One family of these, the insulin receptor substrate IRS proteins, initiates activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, resulting in stimulation of protein kinases such as Akt and atypical protein kinase C. The effect of insulin on glucose transport and glucose transporters was studied in perfused rat heart. Glucose transport was measured by the efflux of labelled 3-O-methylglucose from hearts preloaded with this hexose. Insulin stimulated 3-O-methylglucose transport by: a doubling the maximal velocity Vmax ; b decreasing the Kd from 6. Introduction Вы этого не сделаете! - крикнул Хейл. - Я все расскажу. Я разрушу все ваши планы. Вы близки к осуществлению своей заветной мечты - до этого остается всего несколько часов. Управлять всей информацией в мире. И ТРАНСТЕКСТ больше не нужен. Северная Дакота - это Грег Хейл. Сьюзан едва ли не физически ощутила повисшее молчание. Оно показалось ей нескончаемо долгим. Наконец Стратмор заговорил. В его голосе слышалось скорее недоумение, чем шок: - Что ты имеешь в виду. - Хейл… - прошептала Сьюзан. Он подбежал к крепко сбитому охраннику. Тогда Стратмор понял, что Грег Хейл должен умереть. В ТРАНСТЕКСТЕ послышался треск, и Стратмор приступил к решению стоявшей перед ним задачи - вырубить электричество. Рубильник был расположен за фреоновыми насосами слева от тела Чатрукьяна, и Стратмор сразу же его . Хейл сжал ее горло. - Если вы вызовете службу безопасности, она умрет. Стратмор вытащил из-под ремня мобильник и набрал номер. - Ты блефуешь, Грег. - Вы этого не сделаете! - крикнул Хейл. Сосредоточившись, Сьюзан перезагрузила Следопыта и нажала клавишу ВВОД. Терминал пискнул. СЛЕДОПЫТ ЗАПУЩЕН Сьюзан знала, что пройдет несколько часов, прежде чем Следопыт вернется. Она проклинала Хейла, недоумевая, каким образом ему удалось заполучить ее персональный код и с чего это вдруг его заинтересовал ее Следопыт. Его голос гремел: - Три. Стратмор медленно повернулся к Сьюзан. Тоже неподвижная, она стояла у дверей шифровалки. Стратмор посмотрел на ее залитое слезами лицо, и ему показалось, что вся она засветилась в сиянии дневного света. Ангел, подумал . Ох! - Она не могла скрыть разочарование. - Здравствуйте, шеф. - Думала, кое-кто помоложе? - засмеялся Стратмор. - Да нет, сэр, - попыталась она сгладить неловкость. Когда он найдет копию ключа, имевшуюся у Танкадо, оба экземпляра будут уничтожены, а маленькая бомба с часовым механизмом, заложенная Танкадо, - обезврежена и превратится во взрывное устройство без детонатора. Сьюзан еще раз прочитала адрес на клочке бумаги и ввела информацию в соответствующее поле, посмеялась про себя, вспомнив о трудностях, с которыми столкнулся Стратмор, пытаясь самолично запустить Следопыта. Скорее всего он проделал это дважды и каждый раз получал адрес Танкадо, а не Северной Дакоты. Элементарная ошибка, подумала Сьюзан, Стратмор, по-видимому, поменял местами поля информации, и Следопыт искал учетные данные совсем не того пользователя. Она завершила ввод данных и запустила Следопыта.	https://arcomalaga.org/and-pdf/1450-glucose-transporters-and-insulin-action-pdf-986-864.php
The Brodsky Laboratory has made significant contributions to understanding the structure, function, and regulation of clathrin proteins. Research in the laboratory continues to investigate novel and conventional clathrin functions that are important for human health. Clathrin-coated vesicles control protein traffic from the plasma membrane and through intracellular compartments, influencing cell-cell interactions and affecting diverse physiological processes. Studies from the lab have characterized these known pathways and a wider range of clathrin functions including actin organisation during infection and cell migration, a specific role for a novel clathrin isoform in glucose metabolism related to Type 2 Diabetes, and roles in oncogenesis through microtubule interactions. Our long-term goal is to understand the molecular basis for clathrin-mediated membrane traffic and its regulation. Clathrin proteins have a triskelion (three-legged) shape and self-assemble into lattices. Each triskelion comprises three clathrin heavy chain subunits, which mediate self-assembly and coat formation. The canonical clathrin heavy chain subunit, CHC17, binds three light chain subunits. However, the functions of the clathrin light chain subunits, and particularly their diversity, are not fully defined. In vertebrates, genes CLTA and CLTB encode clathrin light chains CLCa and CLCb, which are 40% divergent in sequence. One major research programme in our group aims to understand how vertebrate light chain diversity contributes to tissue specificity of clathrin-mediated membrane traffic. In humans and other vertebrates there is a second isoform of clathrin heavy chain, CHC22. Studies from our laboratory indicate that in human muscle and fat cells, CHC22 plays an important role in the insulin-regulated trafficking of the GLUT4 glucose transporter. In response to insulin, GLUT4 is inserted into the plasma membrane, where it transports glucose from the blood into the cell. Disrupted GLUT4 trafficking may underlie the insulin resistance that precedes Type 2 Diabetes. Current studies suggest that CHC22 is involved in controlling GLUT4 retention and insulin-stimulated release. Our second major research programme aims to explore this hypothesis, and to elucidate the biochemical, cellular, and physiological roles of CHC22 clathrin.	https://iris.ucl.ac.uk/iris/browse/profile?upi=FBROD54
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Wikipedia. cytokinesis:see mitosismitosis , process of nuclear division in a living cell by which the carriers of hereditary information, or the chromosomes, are exactly replicated and the two copies distributed to identical daughter nuclei. ..... Click the link for more information. . Cytokinesis The physical partitioning of a plant or animal cell into two daughter cells during cell reproduction. There are two modes of cytokinesis: by a constriction (the cleavage furrow in animal cells and some plant cells) or from within by an expanding cell plate (the phragmoplast of many plant cells). In either mode, cytokinesis requires only a few minutes, beginning at variable times after the segregation of chromosomes during mitosis (nuclear division). In the vast majority of cases the resulting daughter cells are completely separated. Since they are necessarily smaller cells as a result of cytokinesis, most cells grow in volume between divisions. Occasionally, cytokinesis is only partial, permitting nutrients and metabolites to be shared between cells. Should cytokinesis fail to occur at all, mitosis may cause more than one nucleus to accumulate. Such a cell is a syncytium. Some tissues normally contain syncytia, for example, binucleate cells in the liver and multinucleate plant endosperm. Some whole organisms such as slime molds are syncytial. Cytokinesis is precisely and indispensably linked to mitosis, yet the timing and actual mechanisms are distinct. The plane of cell partitioning is perpendicular to the axis of mitosis and coincides with the plane previously occupied by the chromosomes at metaphase. Despite the reliability of this correlation, the chromosomes themselves are not essential for cytokinesis. Experiments performed upon living cells have shown that it is the cell's machinery for chromosome separation, the mitotic apparatus, that provides the essential positional signal to other parts of the cytoplasm which initiates cytokinesis. Subsequently, the mitotic apparatus is no longer involved in cytokinesis and can be destroyed or even sucked out without affecting cytokinesis. See Chromosome, Mitosis A cleavage furrow develops by circumferential contraction of the peripheral cytoplasm, usually at the cell's equator. The mechanism of furrowing is very similar among a wide diversity of cell types in lower and higher animals and certain plants. The physical forces of contraction exhibited by a cleavage furrow are evidently greater than the forces of resistance elsewhere. Electron microscopic analysis of the peripheral cytoplasm beneath the cleavage furrow consistently reveals a specialization called the contractile ring. This transient cell organelle is composed of numerous long, thin protein fibers oriented circumferentially within the plane of furrowing. These microfilaments are about 5 nanometers in thickness, appear to attach to the cell membrane, and are known to be composed of actin intermixed with myosin. Both of these proteins are intimately involved in force generation in muscle cells. Thus, the present theory of cytokinesis by furrowing implicates the contractile ring as a transient, localized intracellular “muscle” that squeezes the cell in two. See Muscle proteins In plant cells the dominant mode of cytokinesis involves a phragmoplast, a structure composed of fibrous and vesicular elements that resemble parts of the mitotic apparatus. Microtubules (the fibers) appear to convey a stream of small membranous vesicles toward the midline where they fuse into a pair of partitioning cell membranes. Cellulose cell walls are subsequently secreted between these membranes to solidify the separation between daughter cells. This mode of cytokinesis is well suited to plant cells whose stiff cell walls cannot participate in furrowing. Surprisingly, however, there are instances among the algae where cleavage furrows are the normal mode of cytokinesis. Occasionally, both cleavage furrows and phragmoplasts are employed in the same cell. See Cell walls (plant), Plant cell Cytokinesis the division of a plant or animal cell; usually the final process in mitosis (seeMITOSIS). The plane along which division occurs always crosses the mitotic spindle midway between the poles. Plant cells, which have a rigid cell wall, divide by way of a process called cell-plate formation, in which the plate, fusing with the side walls of the mother cell, splits the cell into two daughter cells. In animal cells, cytokinesis is accomplished by the formation of a division furrow, which develops around the outside of the cell and slowly divides the cytoplasm into two parts by ingression. The formation of the furrow is associated primarily with changes in the surface, or cortical, layer of the cell. Division of the cell body probably proceeds with the participation of the mitotic apparatus, which determines the plane in which the furrow appears, and the chromosomes (in the absence of chromosomes, cytokinesis slows down and incomplete furrows form). Both of these structures are believed to affect cytokinesis indirectly and only during the early stages of division. It is possible the chromosomes secrete chemical substances that affect the properties of the cortical layer. The absence of cytokinesis during the final stage of mitosis (the telophase) occurs relatively frequently, resulting in the formation of binuclear cells.	https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/cytokinesis
Insulin regulates the storage of dietary glucose by stimulating its uptake into muscle and fat. Insulin increases glucose uptake into these cells by recruiting vesicles containing the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface. Thus, insulin controls glucose uptake by regulating GLUT4 trafficking between the interior and cell surface. Understanding how insulin regulates GLUT4 traffic is key for understanding the molecular changes underlying type 2 diabetes. We use quantitative optical microscopy to study insulin-regulated membrane trafficking. The main objectives of our work are to characterize the GLUT4 trafficking pathway in the presence and absence of insulin, and to identify how the insulin-signal transduction regulates the movement of GLUT4 vesicles. In addition to studies of GLUT4 trafficking, we are also interested in more basic questions of membrane trafficking, specifically a more detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of clathrin-mediated internalization from the cell surface and the mechanisms for return of endocytosed proteins back to the plasma membrane.	http://www.mcgrawlab.com/2012/04/welcome-to-mcgraw-lab-at-weill-cornell.html
Defective translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to the cell surface is a key feature of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, elucidating the mechanism of GLUT4 translocation is of primary importance. The mammalian Bag6/Bat3 gene has been suggested to be linked with potential obesity- and diabetes-associated loci, while its function in the control of glucose incorporation into the cytoplasm has not been investigated. In this study, we established a series of cell lines that stably expressed GLUT4 with three tandem repeats of the antigenic peptide inserted into its 1st extracellular loop. With these cell lines, we found that the depletion of endogenous BAG6 downregulated the cell surface expression of GLUT4, concomitant with the reduced incorporation of a glucose analog into the cells. Defective intracellular translocation of GLUT4 in BAG6-depleted cells is similar to the case observed for the depletion of Rab8a, an essential regulator of insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation. In addition, we observed that the assembly of syntaxin 6 into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane was slightly disturbed under BAG6 depletion. Given that Rab8a and syntaxin 6 are critical for GLUT4 translocation, we suggest that BAG6 may play multiple roles in the trafficking of glucose transporters to the cell surface.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Keywords: BAT3; Diabetes; Membrane trafficking; Obesity; Rab8a; Scythe. © 2020. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31911483/
December 06, 2013This report reviews capital planning and spending during Mayor Bloomberg’s tenure in order to suggest principles that can guide the development of a new long-term capital plan and financing strategy. Presentation City Budget Options to Reduce Expenditures December 06, 2013In this presentation, CBC puts forward eight options to reduce expenditures by nearly $4 billion by FY2018. Report Capital Spending Three Key Steps for Improving New York State’s New Statewide Capital Plan September 25, 2013This brief assesses New York State’s first-ever 10-year capital plan released in June 2013 by the New York Works Task Force. It offers steps to more effectively and strategically allocate State capital investment funding. Report Public Workforce 7 Things New Yorkers Should Know About Municipal Labor Contracts May 19, 2013This brief lists seven things New Yorkers should know about New York City collective bargaining and labor relations. Report Pensions & Benefits Everybody’s Doing It January 27, 2013This report analyzes New York City’s health premium policies for employees and retirees and suggests options to generate savings by implementing premium-sharing in the City's largest plans. Report Capital Spending New York City's Water and Sewer System December 14, 2011This report provides a history of the City's water rental payment, critiques the current method for setting the rent, and suggests alternative approaches to setting the rent. Report City Budget New York’s Green Policies April 03, 2011This report assesses how New York compares to other cities in pursuing green objectives and suggests how New York’s leaders can set priorities for taking additional steps to promote environmental goals in ways that align with goals of economic growth and urban competitiveness. Report State Budget Public Authorities in New York State April 03, 2006New York State’s extensive reliance on authorities has given rise to four significant problems: 1) Misuse of the power to incur debt; 2) Insufficient oversight and coordination of project revenue backed and private conduit borrowing; 3) Insufficient reporting to support accountability; and 4) Insufficient independence in governance. Each problem is explained more fully in this report, along with five strategies to address them. Report Pensions & Benefits Old Assumptions, New Realities March 31, 2006This report summarizes a more detailed study prepared by CBC, “The Case for Redesigning Retirement Benefits for New York’s Public Employees,” released in 2005. For decades the popular image of government employment has involved the tradeoff of lower wages for job security and relatively generous retirement benefits. That image, while still widespread, is no longer the reality. Report Public Workforce The Citizens' Stakes in Collective Bargaining December 12, 2000Report presenting recommendations for contracts to be negotiated with municipal employees that would help reduce the cost of public services, improve the quality of those services, and enhance the income and working conditions of New York's civil servants. Report Capital Spending An Affordable Debt Policy for New York State and New York City October 17, 2000Presents a new approach for determining how much the State and City should borrow, including criteria for deciding how much state and local debt is affordable.	https://cbcny.org/research/reports/listing?f%5B0%5D=published_date%3A2000&f%5B1%5D=published_date%3A2011&f%5B2%5D=published_date%3A2013&f%5B3%5D=published_date%3A2014&f%5B4%5D=report_topic%3A10&f%5B5%5D=published_date%3A2006&f%5B6%5D=report_topic%3A3
The forum was held on November 23-24. The overall theme of the event was “Centers of Science and Innovation - Drivers of Digital Regions”. The forum focused on key changes, new opportunities and challenges for cities and regions in the sphere of digital economy with due regard to the changing context: new national priorities according to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 2018 “On National Goals and Strategic Objectives of the Development of the Russian Federation through 2024”, the expansion of the Russian Digital Economy Program, the launch of new national and federal projects, a course for digitalization set by large business, new guidelines for the development of science and innovation. The research intensive “Smart City + Digital Solutions” was held on the first day of the Forum as part of the youth program. Click here to view the intensive results. The second event of the youth program was the educational acceleration program for the winners of the UMNIK 2016-2017 program. The round table on “Renovation of Social Facilities and Creation of Multifunctional Cultural Centers” was organized on November 23 as part of the Forum’s business program. The participants discussed the level of development of the socio-cultural environment in Zheleznogorsk. They noted the considerable unmet demand of residents for services in this sphere and the need to introduce new formats in organization of the leisure activities. The proposal to transform the city Leisure Center as a promising direction for the development of the socio-cultural sphere of Zheleznogorsk was made during the discussion. The main business program events took place on the second day of the Forum. The central event of the day was the Plenary Session on “The Role of Cities in the Implementation of National Goals and Projects of Innovative and Technological Development”. A key issue in the discussion was the prioritization of urban goals and objectives to achieve new national goals. Experts noted two main barriers to the effective contribution of cities to the implementation of national priorities: 1) the lack of a common urban policy in Russia, which leads to the lack of understanding by regions and cities of their role in the process of achieving priorities; 2) insufficient amount of resources provided by municipalities for the implementation of a new package of national projects. A separate item on the agenda was digital transformation of key enterprises and its impact on the change and competitiveness of the cities where these enterprises were located. It was noted that the introduction of advanced digital technologies and their transfer from the manufacturing sector to other urban sectors was essential to improve the quality of life of citizens. However, for this to happen, the digital transformation must begin with changes in the minds of the authorities, business leaders and citizens themselves, the way of thinking and the intensity of communications must change significantly, and the vector for preserving intellectual capital in cities, especially small and medium ones, must be strengthened. Participants in the round table on "Rebooting" of Nuclear and Space Innovation Clusters in the Context of the New System of National Priorities discussed opportunities for cooperation between different clusters to ensure new high-quality results in the context of achieving new national priorities and the situation in the markets for high-tech products. A separate discussion was dedicated to the issue of prospects for the development of the Yenisei technopolis, the innovation cluster in the Krasnoyarsk Krai. Participants agreed that one of the main criteria for the success of clusters in the long term was adoption of open innovation and cooperation with SMEs and the corporate sector. The participants agreed that positioning of clusters as “digital hubs”, where the main stakeholders were platform companies capable of changing their specialization over a short period of time, was a promising direction for the development of the cluster format. Participants in the round table on “The Potential of Engineering Solutions for Smart City Projects” discussed the implementation of smart technologies in the urban environment. It was noted that there were some strong players in Russia who shaped the landscape of the smart cities technology market: telecoms, financial institutions, large manufacturers of original equipment and a number of state corporations (Rostec, Rosatom). A single digital platform is an important tool to address urban challenges, and many cities including Zheleznogorsk already have the capacities to create the platform. Some of the discussion participants expressed doubts about the openness of such platforms and noted the need for cooperation among different players for working with common databases and taking efficient decisions. The issue of ensuring information security in the development and implementation of smart city solutions became the” red line” in the discussion. At the same time, it was recognized that key players had elements that could become the basis for a qualitatively new interaction in the implementation of smart cities projects: the availability of financial institutions, prototypes of technology platforms and security systems. Such cooperation may serve as the basis for creation of an alliance that could work first on pilot sites. The seminar on "Triggers for the Development of the Urban Environment" featured presentations on implementation of environmental projects in cities, including in Zheleznogorsk and Zelenogorsk. The task of creating comfortable urban environment involves not only improvement of urban areas, but also creation of an integrated planning structure of the city, introduction of digital technologies, modern urban leisure formats and development of the urban community. The participants agreed that environmental projects were viable only if the city administration interacted with urban community and business leaders. Business representatives participating in the discussion expressed two competing views regarding the potential of small towns for location of new facilities: on the one part, local residents showed little interest in local projects, on the other part, there was a low threshold for entering a small town and opportunities for an effective marketing campaign. Participants in the round table on “Prospects, Opportunities and Limitations of Science and Technology Development in Cities: the Role of Human Capital”, noted that 2018 had become a key year for preparing the legislative framework in the field of digitalization of the Russian economy. It is expected that about 70 billion rubles will be allocated to support research centers focused on cutting-edge scientific research for the benefit of industry. Therefore, the innovative capitals of Siberia (Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk, and Tomsk) have a chance to get sufficient funding. Panelists also spoke about the role of high-tech enterprises and universities in the process of digitalization of cities. They came to the conclusion that in order to achieve the desired effect it would be necessary to combine the efforts of education and industrial sectors. It would be necessary to create research and educational centers, to develop new tools to introduce results of scientific research into the real sector of economy. The issue of the modern of form of organization that would enable universities to stay relevant and efficient in the framework of the development of high-tech industries remained unsettled. Participants in the round table on “Formation of a System for Attracting Residents of the Areas of Advanced Social and Economic Development (TOSED) in Closed Administrative-Territorial Formations” (ZATO) specified the role of a TOSED as a driver for development of SMEs and an instrument for attracting business to the areas. They specified the problem of the low dynamism of TOSED and emphasized the importance of continuous and close cooperation with business representatives to identify their rapidly changing needs, as well as active analytical work to develop a code of best practices. According to experts, in order to ensure TOSED attractiveness to potential residents, such an area should have a well-formed market, favorable conditions for starting business and high-quality urban environment, including modern social and leisure facilities. The question of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of TOSED was left open. The Forum business program also included a number of associated events, including a meeting of the “National Information Satellite System” Technology Platform participants and a meeting concerning development of the Innovation Technology Cluster in ZATO Zheleznogorsk. An exhibition of advanced technology solutions for cities was organized on the sidelines of the Forum. The exhibition featured latest developments of industrial leaders and small innovative companies for solving specific and highly-focused problems. Among the flagship enterprises were the Krastsvetmet company, Mining and Chemical Combine, ISKRA Design Bureau, JSC Information Satellite Systems. A large section of the exhibition was devoted to regional universities projects. Siberian Federal University introduced a digital platform for knowledge sharing and copyright management, based on blockchain technology. Krasnoyarsk State Medical University demonstrated its latest achievements in the field of digital medicine. Siberian State University of Science and Technology made a presentation on the format of small artificial satellites.	http://csr-nw.ru/en/news1/most-memorable-events-of-the-2018-zheleznogorsk-innovation-forum/
Tools for SDG Localization through Urban Development I had the wonderful opportunity to join the virtual High-Level Political Forum 2020 as a UNA-USA delegate. Since moving to New York, the issue of city and urban development has greatly interested me, and I decided to explore that in some of the sessions of the Forum. Through being involved with UNA-USA, I had learned much about the importance of the Sustainable Development Goals, but something new I learned at HLPF was the importance of SDG localization and the impact of urban development on the progress of the SDGs. The SDG Reporting system is a global system made up of 231 indicators for all targets which were designed at the country level. This involves periodically reporting to the UN General Assembly with voluntary reviews conducted by Member States. While the Sustainable Development Goals were established in 2016, it wasn’t until 2017 and 2018 that New York as a city and Basque County in Spain created a process called “Voluntary Local Review”. These local reviews often didn’t accurately reflect the competencies or improvement areas of local actors as the benchmark for the SDGs were made for national governments. The purpose of localizing the SDGs is vital as it involves local groups such as local governments, academia, civil society, private sector, and religious organizations which have a significant impact on the behavior of large portions of the population. One effort to support local voluntary reviews has come out of Europe where in February of this year at the World Urban Forum the European Handbook for SDG Voluntary Local Reviews was introduced. Its purpose is to provide a framework for the selection of appropriate indicators to tailor the reviews to the local context and to ensure comparability among cities. As we move toward an increasingly more data-focused world we must create the network that will allow us to accurately measure, assess, and implement important sustainability measures. While it may seem like a small step, the establishment of locally relevant goals with the involvement of community actors has already contributed to hopeful projects. One includes the city of Catalan in Spain where the local government aims to bring local and Sustainable Produce Back to the City. In Paris, UPEC has pledged to become a “committed university”, focusing on challenges of social transformation, social justice, and equity. Efforts include partnerships with regional and local authorities, local stakeholders to establish a living lab, promote citizen science & open science practices. That being said, universities are influential local stakeholders and UNA-USA chapters can encourage their universities to actively involve themselves as voluntary contributors to their cities Local Review, or if none is in existence yet, build coalitions with other universities and local government to push for a Voluntary Local Review in cities such as Los Angeles, Pittsburgh or Orlando.	https://unausa.org/tools-for-sdg-localization-urban-development/
EuroHealthNet has held one of its most successful events this week in Brussels. During three days of debates, workshops and General Council sessions at its Annual Meeting in Brussels, we have made progress towards new approaches linking health equity and sustainability. Highlights have included: - Powerful contributions from senior-level policy makers and European Commission Officials on the UN Sustainable Development Goals, which can be a springboard for new actions for wellbeing, health, social inclusion and the environment. Inspiring views were expressed particularly by Mr Karl-Friedrich Falkenberg, Senior Advisor to President Juncker on sustainable development; by Dr Claudia Stein, Health Information Director for WHO Europe; and Mr Thomas Dominique, Chair of the EU Social Protection Committee; - Important practical initiatives from Spain, Sweden and Wales, including a legal Act on the wellbeing of future generations, and showing how health promoting methods can be an integral part of innovative approaches for sustainable development; - Commitments by EuroHealthNet member agencies on how they will contribute evidence and knowledge towards priorities for the current EC consultation on a possible EU Pillar of Social Rights; - Release of the 2015/2016 Annual Report “Championing a healthier and fairer Europe” listing EuroHealthNet’s achievements in the area of policy and project development, capacity building, study visits, in-country events and strategic exchanges. - Development of a ‘toolbox’ of materials to be launched during the year to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, including a major policy statement on health promoting approaches towards Agenda 2030 for the WHO 9th Global health promotion conference in Shanghai. - Election of all available seats for the EuroHealthNet Executive Board, including new senior representatives from national health Institutes in Poland, Portugal and Luxembourg. EuroHealthNet’s Managing Director Caroline Costongs was delighted to receive enthusiastic feedback from participants, she said: “The Sustainable Development Goals have created a momentum for coherent policy making and for a transformation of approaches which was felt during the debates. Health is an enabler for social and economic participation and is strongly linked to sustainable environments. Together with our member and partner agencies, we are committed more than ever to work beyond traditional policy silos and towards healthier and fairer societies” The report of the conference is available here. Below is a list of presentations made during the conference. - Dr Claudia Stein, WHO Europe, Director on Information and Innovation – Presentation - Ms Elena Andradas, Director General, Ministry of Health in Spain – Presentation - Ms Cathy Weatherup, Head of Health Inequalities and International Health, Welsh Government – Presentation - Mr Jonas Frykman, Senior Advisor, Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions – Presentation - Ms Elisabeth Rahmberg, Public Health Director, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden – Presentation Please read EuroHealthNet’s Annual Report 2015-2016 here.	https://eurohealthnet.eu/publication/eurohealthnet-events-inspire-progress-towards-a-healthy-and-sustainable-europe-general-council-meeting-2016/
The 2020 High-Level Political Forum (HLPF) will take place virtually from Tuesday 7 July, to Thursday, 16 July 2020. Under the auspices of ECOSOC, this year’s theme is “Accelerated action and transformative pathways: realizing the decade of action and delivery for sustainable development”. The gathering will assess the state of the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals in the midst of the outbreak, allowing participants to reflect on how the international community can respond to the pandemic and set us back on track to achieve the SDGs and accelerate action. Local and regional governments are proving that solidarity among territories and communities is critical to build a future that leaves no one and no place behind. During the HLPF, our constituency will address the importance of the 2030 Agenda as a framework for the transformative measures in the aftermath of the pandemic, as well as the need for the renewal of the current multilateral system as integral to address the shortcomings of our current development systems. The Local and regional Governments’ delegation at the HLPF UCLG and UN Habitat: VLR Series Launch (8th July). UCLG, together with UN-Habitat, will be presenting the first volume of Guidelines for VLR, aiming to showcase the value of VLRS, beyond their importance in the monitoring and reporting process towards the global goals, but also as a political process that can enhance coordination between spheres of government. VLRs are an integral element that can contribute towards multilevel governance and the transformation necessary to achieve just, resilient, and sustainable cities, territories, and societies that leave no-one and no place behind in the aftermath of the crisis. Local and Regional Governments Day (10th July) UCLG, on behalf of the GTF, is convening a dedicated event of the organized constituency of local and regional governments at the HLPF. The objective of the LRG Day is to bring together the whole delegation of local and regional governments to discuss and agree on the constituency's Statement to the HLPF; reinforce linkages with partners from the UN, civil society, and other stakeholders; and define the priorities of the constituency for the decade of action. The Local and Regional Governments’ Day will also see the launch of the fourth “Towards the Localization of the SDGs” report, our constituency’s report to the HLPF. This year’s edition highlights the progress made on the local involvement in the monitoring and reporting process of the global goals, as well as the measures that local and regional governments are implementing to carry out the SDGs in their territories and overcome the pandemic. Local and Regional Governments Forum (13th July) The Global Taskforce, facilitated by UCLG, will be co-organizing the third edition of the Local and Regional Governments’ Forum with UN DESA, UN-Habitat, UNDP and the Executive Office of the UN Secretary General. The overall objective of the Local and Regional Governments Forum is to produce a fruitful debate and strong commitments from local and regional governments, national authorities and the international community to support a transformative bottom-up process grounded on multilevel governance based on the achievement of the SDGs in the aftermath of the COVID19 crisis, while contributing to the Decade of Action. The LRG Forum will debate the importance of basic service delivery, the need for a renewed multilevel territorial governance in the midst of the pandemic, and how to carry out a full collaboration among spheres of government to build back better after the outbreak. Dialogue between UCLG and UHC2030 (14th July) Co-organized with the WHO the session will aim at envisioning the future of health services and the critical role that local governments can play to ensure that no-one is left behind in our communities. Through an open dialogue between our constituency, experts on health, and high-level authorities on the matter, the dialogue will aim at ensuring the link between science and policymaking, and move the conversation on universal healthcare forward by highlighting the necessary steps that need to be taken to protect the public servants that take care of all.	https://www.uclg.org/en/media/news/uclg-will-call-maintaining-sdgs-framework-covid-19-recovery-2020-hlpf
Participatory Citizen Monitoring IfE is organizing a global civil society alliance to support participatory citizen monitoring and accountability efforts at the community and national levels in all parts of the world. (Field Hearings community in Nigeria) The UN conducted a consultation on participatory monitoring and accountability, inviting IfE to submit a paper on our Field Hearings network. Now IfE and other civil society groups must step up to ensure that governments are monitored and held accountable for progress towards meeting the Sustainable Development Goals. The Participatory Monitoring Alliance is based on our Field Hearings network of partners, already organized and operating on the ground in more than 80 countries, but is open to other networks as well. The focus of the monitoring and accountability efforts will be determined by the participating organizations and the local community members with whom they are working, and will vary depending on the circumstances of the community. Issues will likely include equitable and sustainable development, social and political discrimination, economic inequalities, access to resources, disaster response, climate change and adaptation, migration, and other urgent issues faced by people around the world. What is participatory monitoring & accountability? Participatory citizen monitoring & accountability (PMA) is a powerful method for effective involvement by community members in the decisions that affect their lives. Rather than suffering under poor decisions and implementation by governments, agencies, and businesses, which can be ineffective, corrupt, or actively harmful, PMA helps community members and civil society groups to gather information, document problems, and insist that laws are followed and promises met. Forming alliances with other communities and organizations which have the same objectives can help to greatly strengthen the monitoring and accountability outcomes. Participatory monitoring is a well-organized and on-going activity in which community members and civil society organizations (CSOs) gather information on their analysis and priority issues in a way that answers the essential questions: what are people experiencing? how is it affecting people? is the policy or program working? what are the problems? what could be done better? what are people’s priorities for change? Accountability efforts are carefully planned strategic interventions in which community members and CSOs bring the monitoring results forward in meetings or through the news media, and then put pressure on decision-makers to implement programs properly, fix problems, change policies, follow laws, and keep promises. Goals and objectives of this initiative Our goal is to put communities in charge of their own development agenda and lives. Because we recognize people, communities, and civil society organizations at the local and national levels as the leaders in addressing their own development, we will work in a supporting role towards the following objectives: - empowerment of people (particularly in poor, socially excluded, and marginalized communities) to set their priorities and exercise their rights to hold authorities accountable - development of appropriate indicators that help communities conduct participatory monitoring - refinement of participatory monitoring and feedback mechanisms to track these indicators - improved local capacity for monitoring and accountability activities - strengthening of existing national and regional networks to support those efforts - facilitation of global peer-to-peer networking between local groups so they can share approaches, findings, and advocacy strategies with one another - coordination and presentation of monitoring results to support the impact of results at all scales - effective context-specific advocacy approaches, supporting local and national groups in their accountability activities - bringing participatory monitoring results into international decision-making and standard-setting processes How does this relate to the Sustainable Development Goals? A transition from a development paradigm of “aid and charity” to one of “justice and equality” is currently underway. While the Millennium Development Goals were firmly based in the development paradigm of “aid and charity”, the new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are tentatively based in a paradigm of “justice and equality.” They use language invoking human rights, equality, and participation by all – including the poorest and most marginalized citizens. IfE’s network was one of the reasons this happened. We successfully coordinated a large civil society push from around the globe, to see a goal and targets on reducing inequalities included in the SDGs (read about Goal 10). But in order for the new SDGs to fulfill their transformative potential, we urgently need mechanisms to ensure that the priorities and wishes of people at the local community level are central to their implementation. We must also find ways to hold multilateral institutions and governments, in both rich and poor countries, accountable for meeting the goals and targets. Given the current political and fiscal climate, citizen-led initiatives may be the only reliable way to ensure effective monitoring and promote accountability. Opportunities for involvement in the PMA alliance There are several ways for you to get involved: (1) join as a Field Hearings partner if you are able to work within a particular community, facilitating input and accountability activities along with community members; (2) join as a global or regional network if you are already conducting on-the-ground participatory monitoring or dialogues through local CSO partners; or (3) join as an individual supporter to contribute your time, advice, and donations to the initiative. Read more in the pages listed in the Sidebar Menu to the left. Then let us know if you would like to get involved!	https://initiativeforequality.org/what-we-do/citizen-monitoring/participatory-citizen-monitoring/
The cooperation relationship between Italy and Mozambique originates in the support provided by the government and civil society of our country in its various components in the struggle for independence and the peace process that ended the civil war 1977-1992, culminating in the signing of the Rome Agreements on 4th October 1992. The main areas of AICS action in Mozambique are education, health, rural development and urban development, with particular attention to cross-cutting issues, such as good governance and gender equality. In 2015 the Italy-Mozambique Country Programme (2015-2018) was approved. Since 2016, following the severe drought that has hit Australia in Africa, caused by the Niño, the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation is launching a regional initiative to mitigate the effects of drought and strengthen resilience in Mozambique, Swaziland, Malawi and Zimbabwe. The Italian Cooperation acknowledges the specificities of its “country system” and the various articulations in which it expresses and promotes active participation and systemic action in support of Mozambique’s development, through local authorities, universities, NGOs and the private sector. Italy is committed to fostering broader debate and dialogue between the various Italian actors, promoting partnerships and respecting the principles of harmonization and alignment emerged over the last decade in the international arena. Cooperation between the various Italian development actors will be enhanced through synergies with NGOs and with Italian local authorities (“decentralized cooperation”), always respecting the priorities identified by the Government of Mozambique. Strategic development document in the country The current Five Year Program of the Mozambican Government 2015-2019 presents the priorities of the economic and social development of the country in the various areas of governance. The Program is the Government's commitment to focus its action on finding solutions to the challenges and obstacles that hinder the economic and social development of the country. The government program focuses on increasing employment, productivity and competitiveness to improve the living conditions of Mozambicans, in the countryside and in cities, in an atmosphere of peace, harmony and tranquility, consolidating democracy and participatory governance and inclusive. The fundamental action of the state will be towards five priorities: i) consolidation of national unity, peace and sovereignty; ii) Development of human and social capital; (iii) promotion of employment, productivity and competitiveness; (iv) development of economic and social infrastructure and (v) sustainable and transparent management of natural resources and the environment. The implementation of government action in each of the five priorities will be supported by three pillars of support such as: (i) ensuring democratic rule of law, good governance and decentralization, (ii) promoting a balanced and sustainable macroeconomic environment; (iii) strengthening of international cooperation. The Italian strategy and the areas of intervention The Italy-Mozambique Country Program 2015-2018 is the result of intense collaboration between the two countries. With this tool Italy intends to align itself with the planning tools of the Mozambican Government and in particular the 2015-2019 Five Year Plan, which reflects the objectives: to promote inclusive development and improve the living conditions of the population, in a peaceful and secure, increasing employment, productivity and competitiveness. Italy shares the importance that the Government of Mozambique attaches to the State General Budget Support Program, as a tool to achieve the objectives of effectiveness of aid, alignment, "ownership" and harmonization defined by the Conferences of Rome 2003, Paris 2005 , Accra 2008 and Busan 2011. Furthermore, this program identifies new development cooperation initiatives. Between 2015 and 2018 Italy will continue to support the development of Mozambique, concentrating as a priority its support in the fields of education, health and agriculture and rural development, with particular attention, within each area , good governance and gender equality. The lines of action will be defined in accordance with the strategies contained in the national planning documents and the technical and financial support will be channeled through the procedures and mechanisms existing in the country. Alignment with the local government strategy and harmonization with donor community interventionsNone Goals and expected resultsNone read more close 5 Show projects list AICS development projects € 145,809 Total resources committed € 60,742 Total resources used What is it spent for? The purpose/sector of destination of a bilateral contribution should be selected by answering the question “which specific area of the recipient’s economic or social structure is the transfer intended to foster”. The sector classification does not refer to the type of goods or services provided by the donor. Sector specific education or research activities (e.g. agricultural education) or construction of infrastructure (e.g. agricultural storage) should be reported under the sector to which they are directed, not under education, construction, etc. read more close By means of?	http://openaid.aics.gov.it/recipient-country/MZ
The last stakeholder meeting took place on 6th May in Bratislava, Slovakia. Recognizing the importance of cooperation between public administrations and its key actors in the development of cultural and creative industries in the regions, representatives of regional and local authorities were invited to this stakeholder meeting as experts to develop a common debate on this issue. After a brief introduction to the preparation of the Action Plan of CCIs Development (CREADIS3 project, methodolody and action lines of action plan), a fully detailed presentation on Action Line no. 2: Supporting the development of regional policies in the cultural and creative industries, was carried out. Brief information about the initial situation and problem areas defined within this action line: - CREADIS3 commitment to improve the policy instrument identified (IROP PO3) - the absence of strategic documents at the regional and local level supporting the cultural and creative industries in their area - lack of awareness of cultural and creative industries and its positive contribution to local and regional development - the need for a deeper mapping of the regional creative ecosystem (its resources, needs and actors) as a basis for the effective setting of strategic goals - insufficient exchange of information and experience between regional and local authorities in support of cultural and creative industries Afterwards, a presentation of the current state of the Strategy for the Development of Local and Regional Culture and Culture of National Minorities took place. Also a presentation of good practice – KOŠICE city and Creative Industry Košice, n. o. (CIKE) /as a inspiration for other reagions and cities/ followed. Later on, a discussion about possible action for the action lines between stakeholders followed. Another part of the program was a discussion at individual tables (about 8 participants at one table) on the creation of regional / local strategic documents aimed at supporting CCIs at regional and local level. Participants based on the current situation in the given region / city concerning the existence / absence of this type of strategic document discussed the facts that either led to its creation or, on the contrary, the absence, what were the benefits / negatives in the process of its creation as well as the benefits / negatives associated with its implementation, or what is the potential for creating this type of document in their region / city and what kind of actions would help to create it. Last but not least, they also suggested some specific actions that should be considered within the proposed action line to support the development of regional policies in the cultural and creative industries. The main outputs were subsequently presented and became important bases for proposals within the framework of the action line no. 2. Finally, a brief information about actions that have been suggested by Ministry: - Creation of a methodology aimed at effective making of regional / local policies in the area of CCI support. - Objective: Support the creation of specifically focused strategic documents creating favorable conditions for the development of CCIs in a given region / city for the purpose of its sustainable development. - Specific workshops in in regionsaiming to raise awareness about CCI contibution to regional and local development. - Objective: To raise awareness of the importance of CCIs for regional and local development and to present the methodology developed for the creation of regional / local policies in CCI support.	https://www.interregeurope.eu/creadis3/events/event/2670/6th-stakeholder-meeting-on-6th-may-in-bratislava/
We are seeking a Director Of Finance! You will be responsible for the utilization and conservation of the organization's resources and supports the Chief Executive Officer in ensuring that resource utilization reflects and facilitates achievement of the corporate goals established by the Board of Directors. Manage staff and activities of accounting (AR and AP) to ensure that the day to day operations proceed efficiently and effectively. Provide executive management in the absence of the CEO. Responsibilities: - Serves as a member of the Agency's leadership team. Works with other team members to develop short-term and long-term strategies and to execute an integrated, multifunctional plan of work - Provides direction, leadership and management to the agency's operational staff to ensure effective development of meeting strategic goals - Keeps abreast of trends and issues in the community affecting early childhood education; keeps current on agency policies, priorities, changes and requirements - Oversee the flow of cash and financial investments - Analyze information to assess current and future financial statuses, gathering data and ongoing analysis of demographic trends to ensure that accurate and up-to-date information are used to plan and evaluate the agency operation - Review costs for optimal budget planning, maintains risk management and business continuity plans for agency operations - Evaluate reporting systems and collection procedures - Advises the CEO and Board of Directors on all matters pertaining to finance policy to help ensure that financial strategies, decisions and functions effectively facilitate achievement of agency goals - Maintains budgetary control of the finances, provides financial reporting activities, ensures that all agency financial operations are carried out in compliance with local, state, federal and not-for-profit regulations, guidelines and laws - Assists in the preparation of the general operating budget for presentation to the Finance Committee and Board of Directors and monitors performance of the approved budget - Oversees financial and operational audits, ensures day-to-day administration and control of the accounting - Maintains positive relationships with banking and investment contacts Qualifications:	https://www.ziprecruiter.com/c/Childrens-Harbor/Job/Director-of-Finance/-in-Norfolk,VA?jid=DQd7feb4b4b5f68e495de97d0dfe228fd1&job_id=cfca5020d4b7f4412d3e9e6009674991&mid=5042
Situated near the German border, Sonderborg’s authorities and citizens want to prove that action is more important than mere slogans and words. That is why the city’s local government has committed to going zero-carbon by the end of the decade. By investing in renewables, by promoting sustainable growth and by ensuring the creation of green jobs, authorities aim to be a trailblazer and eliminate unnecessary carbon emissions by 2029. To map their way forward, they developed ProjectZero, a wholesale approach aimed at turning Sonderborg into a zero-carbon community. How the municipality plans to achieve its ambitious goals Of course, reaching their target will be no easy task for local authorities in Sonderborg. The way forward is paved with many challenges, yet the municipality seems ready to meet them. Here are the main projects and initiatives that the government of Sonderborg wants to implement in order to become a zero-carbon community: - Integrate rooftop PV power production in the city’s energy grid and energy plans - Create and develop integrated green urban transport solutions - Retrofit existing buildings to make them more energy-efficient and sustainable, while remaining in close contact with tenants - Engaging citizens as co-developers of urban solutions aimed at making Sonderborg go zero-carbon - Increase reliance on the city’s own renewable energy sources by increasing public investment and creating policies necessary to drive the transition forward Sonderborg’s renewables are of particular importance to local authorities, as their development and use would result in the greatest benefit to citizens and to the city’s overall climate ambitions. The plan is for all companies responsible for heating in Sonderborg to be able to go carbon-neutral by 2029, by increasing their own reliance on renewables, thus reducing their CO2 consumption by 50%, compared to 2007 levels. The remaining consumption in the city will be entirely supplied by various renewable energy sources – like wind farms, solar panels and others. Like the article? Subscribe to our newsletter to receive the latest from the EU cities right into your inbox.	https://www.themayor.eu/ga/sonderborg-committed-to-going-zero-carbon-by-2029
The goals of this report are to develop long-term strategic reforms of public services with a view to developing ‘good places to grow older’ at the local level. This initiative supports the empowerment of communities while changing attitudes towards old age and ageing, \|EU, Local, National\|\|City Strategy for tackling unemployment and child poverty\|\|European Commission\|\| \| This programme engages with combination of the work of government agencies, local governments, the private sector and voluntary associations in a concerted partnership to serve local needs, in this case local employment and skills provision services to support the jobless. \|Local, National\|\|Conseil Nantais pour la Citoyenneté des Etrangers – a council created by the City in 2003 to promote the citizenship of foreigne\|\|City of Nantes\|\|France\|\| \| The Council is concretely pursuing that objective starting with the welcoming process in itself through to ensuring the foreigners' access to citizens' rights and fighting against discrimination with regard to work and racism. \|Local, Regional\|\|Scotland Business Plan 2010-2011\|\|Equality and Human Rights Commission, Scotland\|\|United Kingdom\|\| \| The 2010-2011 Business Plan underpins the strategic priorities, which aim at securing and implementing an effective legislative and regulatory framework for equality and human rights. \|National\|\|“I can vote” campaign\|\|Government of Luxembourg\|\|Luxembourg\|\| \| The “I can vote” campaign in Luxembourg aimed to encourage high registration of non-national EU citizens in municipal elections in October 2011. By the registration’s closing date, 30, 937 foreigners living in Luxembourg had registered. It was organised by non-governmental organisations and municipal authorities and it provided information on rights and responsibilities in five languages. Various expatriate platforms and social networking sites were engaged to spread the word and to translate information, especially to involve the English-speaking community \|National\|\|Conference “Rights Work!”\|\|Conference organised by the Swedish Government\|\|Sweden\|\| \| The main topics addressed in this conference were: National human rights action plans and base line studies, methods for mainstreaming and following up systematic work for human rights implementation, systematic work for human rights implementation at the local and regional level and the role of civil society and national human rights institutions in systematic work for human rights implementation.	https://fra.europa.eu/en/joinedup/tools/8486/resources
Webinar on Opportunities and Challenges of Implementing Second NDC of Nepal Climate and Development Dialogue (C&D dialogue), a loose network of 11 civil society organizations, is facilitating dialogue and exchange of knowledge and learning on the interrelation between climate change, development and gender equality. It is also working to bridge the knowledge gap in these areas between the national and sub-national levels, and generate collective actions for policy interventions. Currently, the Dialogue has been organizing a webinar series entitled ‘Climate Change and COVID-19’. A webinar on ‘Opportunities and Challenges of Implementing Second Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Nepal” was organized on 17th December, 2020.The Government of Nepal submitted the second NDC of Nepal to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on December 08, 2020. The webinar was organized to inform wider stakeholders on the second NDC’s objectives and targets, and explore opportunities and challenges of implementing it. The lead presentation and the experts dwelt on different facets of implementation challenges of NDC. Lead Presentation: Second NDC of Nepal and its target- Dr. Bimal Regmi, Team Lead, Oxford Policy Management Guest Remark: Nepal’s NDC and its way forward, Dr. Radha Wagle, Chief, Climate Change Management Division, Ministry of Forests and Environment Guest Remark: Fostering coherence between national priorities and NDC targets, Sunil Acharya, Regional Advisor, Practical Action Guest Remark: Engagement of civil society in the NDC implementation process, Geeta Pandey, Manager, KIRDARC Guest Remark: Mobilizing and ensuring finances for NDC implementation, Raju Pandit Chhetri, Executive Director, Prakriti Resources Centre (PRC) Synthesis of Discussion: The implementation of NDC is an opportunity to move along the low carbon development pathway. Now, Nepal needs to focus on the implementation of NDC. The government of Nepal should be flexible to amend, improve or enhance the NDC to include the missing targets and issues. The second NDC of Nepal has mainly focused on mitigation sector. It has not included adaptation nor has it even imagined financing Loss and Damage. Looking at the current ground reality, Nepal should focus on implementing adaptation practices as a priority. Nepal’s NDC should focus on strong alignment with national priorities and international commitments. The 15th Periodic Plan, Sustainable Development Goals, Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction and sectoral policies that have identified adaptation and climate resilient development issues must also be the key priorities while implementing NDC of Nepal. Finance is a key to achieve NDC targets. Long term financing strategy and implementation framework is required to access and mobilize finance in more accountable and transparent way. Stakeholders including civil society actor need to be involved and engaged in the core process of NDC implementation. The implementation of NDC should follow the principles of equity, ensuring participation of all level of stakeholders including women, indigenous people, marginalized groups, youth, children, differently abled people in decision making and benefit sharing process.	http://prc.org.np/event/details/webinar-on-opportunities-and-challenges-of-implementing-second-ndc-of-nepal
CoR members adopted today unanimously the opinion on the 'Next steps for a sustainable European future – European action for sustainability', by PES member Franco Iacop, President of the Regional Assembly of Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Italy). Page Image Further reading Read the CoR draft opinion on the 'European action for sustainability' Read the CoR press release Page Content The opinion sets out how local realities can best implement the objectives of the Agenda 2030 (the first universal framework in developing a sustainable future adopted by the United Nations in September 2015) and how they can contribute to developing a sustainable future. "If we want to have a lasting impact on people's life, we cannot have a simple top-down approach towards this agenda. We need to give cities and regions, who are the closest institutions to citizens, an important role in the process ", emphasised Iacop."Local and regional authorities have indeed many of the competences to achieve most of the Sustainable Development Goals, ranging from making cities more resilient to promoting education and lifelong learning. Therefore, they should not be seen as mere beneficiaries of them, but rather as active participants in the conception and implementation of the action", he pointed out. The rapporteur further stressed that "the politics should be built on instruments and platforms that already exist, such as the Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform which monitors the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals and to which the CoR has now been associated alongside the European Commission and the European Parliament". The rapporteur also underlines the fact that the focus on sustainability should translate into giving greater attention to cohesion within the EU and into strengthening the collaboration with EU neighbourhood countries(providing as a good example of this the cooperation of his own region with Libyan local authorities in the area of sustainable fishing ). Finally, the draft opinion makes some recommendations for further action at local, regional, national and supranational level. In November 2016, the European Commission published its Communication on "Next steps for a sustainable European future: European action for sustainability". It explains how the Commission's 10 political priorities contribute to implementing the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and how the EU will meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the future. The EU's answer to the 2030 Agenda will include two work streams: the first is to mainstream the Sustainable Development Goals in the European policy framework and current Commission priorities; the second is to launch a reflection on further developing the longer term vision and the focus on sectoral policies after 2020. Subscribe Stay up to date with our activities. Subscribe to our newsletter "echoes" Join us!	http://pes.cor.europa.eu/news/pages/sustainable-development-plenary.aspx
BAGUIO CITY – The Cordillera Regional Development Council endorsed the budgets of the regional line agencies (RLAs), their attached agencies, and State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) for fiscal year 2022 on March 18 during the 1st quarter full council meeting. The budgets were reviewed during the Regional Budget Consultation for FY 2022 by the Regional Development Budget Coordinating Committee (RDBCC) last February 22 to 23. The RDBCC is a support committee of the Cordillera Regional Development Council which advocates for the implementation of programs and projects that support the Regional Development Plan (RDP) 2017-2022 and are listed in the Regional Development Investment Program (RDIP) 2017-2022. The total RDC-endorsed budget for fiscal year 2022 is ₱100.76 billion. This is about ₱2 billion less than the RDC-endorsed budget for fiscal year 2021. Of the total endorsed budget, 53% amounting to ₱52.09 billion is for DPWH CAR projects and programs. DBM-CAR reported that only about 58% of the RDC-CAR endorsed total budget of the agencies and SUCs for fiscal year 2021 was approved and included in the 2021 General Appropriations Act (GAA). This 58% totaled around ₱59 billion of the estimated ₱102.77 billion RDC-endorsed budget for 2021. This, however, is better than previous years, according to NEDA CAR, as only 36% of the RDC-endorsed budgets were approved in 2017-2019. The RDC-CAR and its lead secretariat, NEDA-CAR, are aiming towards increasing the percentage of approved budget proposals by ensuring that proposed programs, projects, and activities (PPAs) are implementation-ready and are aligned with national and regional development and investment priorities. DBM-CAR Director Irene Gahid, who chairs the RDBCC, said that “we must align our budget to regional priorities”. The consultation was held to review the agency budgets vis-à-vis the regional plans and programs. NEDA-CAR Acting Regional Director Stephanie Christiansen, co-chair of the RDBCC, explained to the agencies that the current pandemic necessitated adjustments in our regional plans to ensure the goals of government agencies are still met. Among other priorities, she said, we should be focusing on digitalization of government process to “serve our clients, the Cordillera people, better”. Referring to the National Budget Memorandum (NBM) No. 138, Director Gahid said, “A very important consideration in the preparation of 2022 budgets of agencies is the Mandanas ruling.” Starting in 2022, Local Government Units will have more funds for implementing programs. The national government is expected to devolve basic functions and corresponding programs, projects, and activities for LGU implementation. The budget call of the RDBCC included an annex for agencies to list down their prospective functions to be devolved to LGUs. According to NBM No. 138, LGUs, especially 1st to 4th income class LGUs, are expected to be responsible for the funding and delivery of PPAs that are to be devolved. Agencies were reminded to prioritize proposals of 5th to 6th income class municipalities during the budget consultation. The budget memorandum cites the Local Government Code of 1991 and other subsequent laws as bases for devolution. The forum also provided an avenue for agencies to converge and enhance their PPAs. For example, DTI Regional Director Myrna Pablo and Director Christiansen both recognized the importance and growth potential of the fisheries sector of the Cordillera after a presentation by the Cordillera Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR). Seeing it as a source of additional nutrition for the land-locked Cordillera with the potential to address demand in the region, Christiansen said “We need investment in fisheries … government should be a catalyst in development”.	https://car.neda.gov.ph/rdc-car-endorses-%E2%82%B1100-76-b-in-regional-agency-and-higher-education-budgets/
Switzerland has supported North Macedonia’s political, social and economic transition processes since 1992. This cooperation is grounded in Switzerland’s tradition of solidarity and responsibility, and reflects the importance that Switzerland places on the stability and the prosperity of the Western Balkans. Today Switzerland ranks among North Macedonia’s largest bilateral cooperation partners. The current goals, themes and working modalities of the Swiss engagement in North Macedonia are defined in a document titled Swiss Cooperation Strategy North Macedonia 2017-2020. This strategy was prepared in close coordination with our partners in North Macedonia and approved by the Swiss government. The financial commitments for the period 2017 to 2020 amount to 76 million Swiss francs. The overall goal of Switzerland’s cooperation for the period 2017 to 2020 is to support North Macedonia in its reforms to meet European standards and to build a socially-inclusive democracy and market economy, while ensuring sound governance of natural resources. This goal is closely aligned with the priorities and national development policies of North Macedonia, with the reforms required for North Macedonia’s accession to the EU, as well as with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The thematic portfolio focuses on three domains of interventions: Democratic governance Employment and economic development Infrastructure and environment Switzerland’s work is grounded in formal agreements with the authorities of North Macedonia and requires co-funding wherever possible. Civil society organizations are important partners for Switzerland, as they represent the needs and aspirations of the people. Partnerships with the private sector are also cultivated as vectors for development and innovation, especially in the field of economic development. Our support is mainly provided through projects executed by local and international implementers. In both our programming and operations, particular attention is given to transversal themes: gender equality, good governance, social inclusion and conflict sensitivity.	https://www.eda.admin.ch/countries/north-macedonia/en/home/international-cooperation/strategy.html
The Feb. 6, 2019, Planning and Urban Development Committee meeting included: City Planning and Policy Priorities 2019 Update Committee received a PowerPoint presentation entitled 'City Planning & Policy Priorities 2019', which was a continuation of the conversation between Council and Administration on the need for, and benefits of, prioritizing certain City Planning and Policy Service Line initiatives in 2019. The priorities proposed addressed the following key concerns of Council: they increase investor confidence and enable economic prosperity; they put a focus on areas experiencing demand and development activity; they prioritize initiatives that support people and communities to achieve mutual goals; they consider the impacts and potential of City investments; and finally, they take into consideration the impact on the City Planning and Policy Service Line’s capacity and the benefits the initiatives will achieve. This will go forward to Council with Committee’s recommendation that Council direct Administration to: (1) Base its policy workplan for 2019 on the six proposed policy priority areas for 2019 as amended in the meeting; and (2) Report back to the March 6, 2019 regular meeting of the Planning and Urban Development Committee with an updated policy workplan for 2019. Council News in Brief is an informal summary of highlights from Calgary City Council meetings. The City Clerk provides the complete and formal documentation of Council’s meetings including agendas, minutes and video. More Council News in Brief – highlights from Council and committee meetings.	http://www.calgary.ca/citycouncil/Pages/Council%20News/Planning-Urban-Development-2019-02-06.aspx
Feel Better is an interface designed to explore the concept of color emotion and how it might benefit mental health when applied to interactive technology. Color emotion is a relatively recent concept from psychology that defines the emotional experience of a person in reaction to experiencing color. Though the effect varies on an individual basis, the phenomenon of color emotion is generally known even without a name. For example, we all know what it means to feel blue. There isn’t a definitive explanation for why colors and emotions impact one another—but I believe this impact can be used to help people, especially those who struggle with emotions and mental health. I designed Feel Better to guide users on their journey towards conscious, healthy emotional processing by creating a safe space for them to pause and reflect on their emotional state. Feel Better collects emotion related data from its users and generates colorful abstract animations from that data—using the idea of color emotion in such a way that the user can interact directly with their feelings. It illustrates emotions that might have been unconsciously ignored, and keeps track of emotional patterns for people that might have a hard time doing so on their own. The main goal of my thesis has been to emphasize the importance of human emotion and the practice of feeling our feelings. To urge people to take time and reflect, despite how fast paced our lives can be. Feel Better is the tool to help.	https://bfacd.parsons.edu/2022/sophia-bevacqua
Dance has been the universal language of humans for thousands of years. It has been used as a form of expression and therapy. It is only natural then that virtual humans, often known as Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVAs), should also be able to dance and help humans to express themselves through dance. This thesis presents a study investigating the impact of dancing IVAs on human emotions. The experiment was based on a ‘repeated measures’ design with one within subjects factor (dancing character) and one between-subjects factor (display order). The study analysed the responses of 55 participants comprised of dancers and non-dancers watching a dancing IVA perform three different dances that represent anger, sadness and happiness in different display orders. Analysis of the study data showed statistically significant results confirming a number of hypotheses that watching a dancing IVA depicting different emotions can influence human emotions. The participants’ anger, sadness and happiness were significantly dependent on which dancing character’s emotion they watched. The results of the study also showed that the participants can recognize the emotions depicted by the dancing IVA. Moreover, correct recognition was not a factor for the influence of the dancing IVAs on human emotions except for the happy dancing IVA. These results suggest that IVAs could be useful for dance therapy.	https://figshare.mq.edu.au/articles/thesis/Exploring_the_influence_of_a_dancing_virtual_agent_on_the_evocation_on_human_emotions/19441730/1
The concept of seven chakras is one of the most important concepts in Yoga. It is linked to the philosophy of yoga and all yoga practices revolve around this philosophy. To better understand yoga, it is important to understand what 7 chakras are and what is their impact, and influence. Below is a complete guide about the 7 chakras. What are 7 Chakras? The Chakras are also known as the Energy centers of the body. According to yogic philosophy, there are a total of seven chakras in the human body. Every chakra is located in a different part of the human body aligned to the spine. Not only their locations are different, but each of them is influenced in a different way. Here are the names of these seven chakras, their influence, and important details. - Muladhara Chakra “The Root Chakra”: The Muladhara Chakra which is also known as the root chakras is located in the base of the spine from below. This is the chakra of stability and self-sufficiency. It is very important to keep this chakra in balance because an imbalance in this chakra would lead to emotional and mental instability and stress. Tree Posture and Mountain Posture are two of the main postures to control this chakra in your body. - Svadhishthana Chakra “The Sacral Chakra”: The Svadhishthana Chakra which is also known as the “Sacral Chakra”, is the chakra located above the root chakra and below the Manipura chakra. The exact location of this chakra is slightly below the navel. This chakra represents the water and orange color. It is related to all the basic needs of the human body including sexual desires, and self-worth. The lack of balance in this chakra can also lead to catastrophic mental and physical level failures. To influence this chakra, cow pose and triangle pose are used. - Manipura Chakra “The Solar Plexus Chakra”: The Manipura chakra, which is also known as the solar plexus chakra, is located slightly above the navel in the human body and closer to the spine. It represents fire and yellow color. This is the chakra of strong human emotions such as ego, anger, and aggression. If this chakra is not kept in balance, it can produce catastrophic results for that person. To influence this chakra, a person must practice the forward bend and cobra poses. - Anahata Chakra “The Heart Chakra”: The Anahata Chakra, which is also known as the heart chakra or the chakra of the heart. It is located near the heart but is positioned on the spine. This is the chakra or energy center that represents green color and air. This chakra is related to all the emotions of love and compassion and companionship. To bring a balance in this chakra, one must practice half-bridge pose and fish pose during the yoga practice. - Vishuddha Chakra “The Throat Chakra”: The Vishuddha Chakra, which is also known as the throat chakra, is located near the throat in the spine region. This is the chakra that is related to space and blue color. This chakra is considered to influence a person’s ability to communicate with other people. It is very important to keep this chakra in balance if you want to have better communication. To influence this chakra, a yoga practitioner must practice certain poses such as shoulder stand and plough pose. - Ajna Chakra “The Third Eye Chakra”: The Ajna chakra, which is also known as the third eye chakra, is located between the two human eyes. This is the chakra that controls what we see and perceive. It represents the indigo color but has no element. This chakra must be balanced to avoid physical and mental consequences such as headaches and other problems. To balance this chakra, it is advised to practice the headstand pose during the yoga practice. - Sahastrara Chakra “The Crown Chakra”: The Sahastrara Chakra, which is also known as the crown chakra, is a chakra located in the brain region of every human person. It has violet or white color and it does not impact any element. As you already know that it controls your brain activity, it can cause serious mental and physical health damages if it is imbalanced. That is why it should be balanced. To balance this chakra a person must practice headstand yoga poses. Conclusion: In the article above, we learned about what are the 7 chakras or energy centers of the human body? What each chakra represents or radiates and how to influence each of these chakras. To influence these chakras a person must know how to practice yoga properly. You learn about yoga practices from the Arhanta Yoga Ashram. Teachers here will not only provide information about the theory of these chakras and how each one is influenced properly.	https://thriveglobal.com/stories/a-complete-guide-to-7-chakras-or-the-energy-centers/
The Dark Series introduces the Carpathians, a powerful and ancient race. They have many gifts, including the ability to shape-shift, and extended life spans, living for thousands of years. Though they feed on human blood, they don't kill their human prey, and for the most part live among humans without detection. Despite their gifts, the Carpathians are on the edge of extinction. There have been few children born to them in the past few centuries, and those that have been born are all male and often die in the first year. It has been more than 500 years since a female has been born. In the absence of their female counterparts, also known as "lifemates", male Carpathians lose the ability to feel emotions and to see in color. The only feeling left to them is the thrill of making a kill. Once a male has done this, he loses his soul and "turns", becoming the monster of human legend, the vampire or the "undead". With so few females left, males are forced to make a stark choice: either become vampire or "greet the dawn" (i.e. commit suicide). However, when they do find a lifemate, the ability to see in color and their emotions are restored to them, and their souls are saved.	https://www.oldvampires.com/popular/Dark_Series.html
Vincent van Gogh self portrait is an oil painting that was painted during the winter of 1887 and 1888 when he was living in Paris in the duration of almost two years. The self portrait was completed in 1888 and it by done by Vincent van Gogh who was born in 1853 and died in 1890. The work was done on oil canvas with the dimensions of 44 by 37.5 cm. The portrait is currently available at Van Gogh Museum or Vincent van Gogh Stichting, Amsterdam. In July 27, 1890, in Auvers-sur-Oise, France – van Gogh is shot himself after suffering from mental illness. The portrait is a representational art work that represents the portrayed of a person wearing a gray hat. The portrait is abstract and it represents van Gogh application of his fashion of design. We are seeing an end product that was created by use of brushstrokes that were running in various directions resulting in a self portrait of the head with halo like circle around the head. The variation and dynamics coming out in this portrait is as a result of the van Gogh`s personal contribution to the new style of doing the painting work. The figure can be looked as abstract as it serves as the main focal point of the piece of work done. The background plays a significant role as the colors blend well with similar color scheme. The work is as a result of the casual brush work of the impressionist who can be attributed to have substituted the scientific basis of the normal intuitive color. Van Gogh has employed the systematic method of applying the tiny dots of pure colors to the canvas. The isolation of color bits are meant to blend in the viewer&rsqu;s eye so that the product produces a coherent image as shown by the portrayed in study here. We are seeing Van employing his unique backstroking of streaks and dashes to be able to attain the neoimpressionist style. The primarily used colors in the paintings are the cool blues with various hints of other colors. We also see the use of slightly warm yellow and brown tones on the face of the figure. Van Gogh`s painting has been done in the Neoimpressionist style and it employees use of backstrokes of paints must have been applied wet to wet. The style generally aims at creating a great deal of texture in the face and also gives the background the importance and overall impact on the portrayed display. The style also results in a sense of mass. The mild strokes create various shapes that create various impressions on the landscape of the face. The use of cool blue colors on the background and the application of the warm yellow with brown tones on the face highlight some sense of light in the colors and this is essential on the face. The light touches of white on the neck, yellows and browns on the face add the vital sense of light to the portrait. The tilting position of the face gives the portrait the asymmetrical balance. There exists clear distinction between the light and dark colors and this give the art work balance by providing contrast. It is easier for the viewer and observers to engage with the subject matter due to the effective use of space, the scale of the figure covers most of the surface it is painted on. The general feeling of this paintinng is sad. The dominant colors are blue and warm yellow plus the shades of brown. The color combination gives a low key color palette despite the existence of lighter colors in the paintings. The tone is overwhelmed by the sense of fear and concern shown on the face of the picture. The subject generally appears to be being tortured something in the mind. The portrait coveys some significant emotional variations in style and color and this would be providing a general sense of the heaviness of the world in general. There is some sense of mystery in the face of the subject in the figure. The finer visual clues that could guide someone in reading the face are missing and one may be obliged to guess the emotions implied on the face of the man via the color choice and mark making. Van Gogh`s work can be categorized among the rich and successful cases since the intentions of the behind the work falls both in the expressive and formal theories in artwork. The work by van Gogh`s seems to be saluting the work that has been done by other artists and painters. The work can be looked to be departing from the pre-existed styles and he is out to create an impact and possible maintain control in his work and attaining the objective of the painting. The painting creates greater impact and impression on human conditions. The art is revealing something about human beings that may be hidden and mysterious. Here the viewers get a chance to experience and challenge the ideas of typical artwork. The design of the work inspires most viewers to carefully consider and think about the world around them and also their position in the world.	https://supremeessays.com/samples/art/the-art-of-seeing.html
Full text loading... - Learner perceptions and experiences of pride in second language education - View Affiliations Hide Affiliations - Source: Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, Volume 39, Issue 3, Jan 2016, p. 272 - 291 - - - 24 Mar 2017 Abstract Within applied linguistics, understanding of motivation and cognition has benefitted from substantial attention for decades, but the attention received by language learner emotions has not been comparable until recently when interest in emotions and the role they can play in language learning has increased. Emotions are at the core of human experience, so a greater understanding of their impact on language learners is critical. In particular, the role and impact of positive emotions on learners and their learning experience has been overlooked in favour of a focus on issues of confidence and anxiety. One particular positive emotion that has a meaningful connection with the learning experience is that of pride. Drawing on qualitative interview data from tertiary English language learners in Australian universities, this article singles out pride as a means of confirming the critical role of positive emotions in language learning. The interviews revealed that pride had a significant impact on the experiences of learners. It was also discovered that within the notion of pride there exists a degree of dimensionality. Pride is felt in communicative contexts whereas a feeling of ‘non-pride’ can occur in learning contexts. The article also presents implications arising from the study concerning the place of emotions in language teaching and learning.	https://www.jbe-platform.com/content/journals/10.1075/aral.39.3.04ros
Holidays are very busy emotional times. The last 10 weeks of the year are jam packed with holidays, each with their own special meaning and traditions. Each holiday also has its own color palette. From the oranges of Halloween to the reds and greens of Christmas, these color haven’t happened by accident, but also carry the meaning of the holiday. In this podcast I talk to “The Queen of Color”™ Catherine Poole about what each color means emotionally and how by being aware of this we can keep our over eating and over spending in check while being open to the love and connection of the holiday. This is not one of our more traditional podcasts where we talk strictly tapping, but instead we are sharing tools that will help you to be more keenly aware of how the holidays affect you emotionally. By being aware of what is going on in your emotions you will be well equipped to tap your way through the holiday season. \| \| Catherine Poole Guest: Catherine Poole Contact: web @ CatherinePoole.com, web @ QueenOfColor.com, phone @ 276-206-0627 About Catherine: Known internationally as “The Queen of Color”™, Catherine Poole is an expert in color and human response to color. She earned a Master of Fine Art (MFA) from Cranbrook Academy of Art, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, and a Bachelor of Fine Art (BFA) from Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana. Catherine was a professor of color theory and graphic design for more than fifteen years, including nine years at The University of Notre Dame. Her research while at Notre Dame, led to her current work with emotions, energy and color in regard to the human body. Her color theory course included her in-depth study into the affect color has on the human body and how to apply that knowledge to environments, interiors, and products as well as marketing and advertising. Catherine has been interviewed by Redbook Magazine, Woman’s Day, Women’s World Magazine, contributing author to Amoena Life Magazine, appeared on “In Style” WBIR-TV Knoxville, Tennessee. Today she is a welcomed guest on radio shows throughout the United States. Internationally, Catherine has lived and worked in Den Haag, Netherlands and periodically conducts presentations and talks in Den Haag and Amsterdam. She also lived in Warsaw, Poland and taught The Philosophy of Color at Warsaw University for both graduate and doctorate students in Philosophy. Resources from this episode:	https://tappingqanda.com/2009/11/color-emotions-and-holidays/
Display Records 1 - 2 of 2 Colour, Healing, and the Human SoulIn this delightful study, the accomplished artist and teacher Gladys Mayer explains that color is the very substance of the soul. Just as the body is made up of mineral, water, air, and warmth, the soul is made up of color. This is revealed in the emotions of sadness and joy and the many shades between that are expressed in human language as, for example, “seeing red,” “feeling blue,” ... Qty Paperback In Stock $14.00 EuropeEuropean thought and culture has had an enduring impact worldwide, but Europe has also been a focus of conflict and world wars. With its international influence, Europe bears a responsibility, in both example and practice, for humanity’s continued development. First published in English in 1975, this timely reprint of Maria Schindler’s classic work provides valuable spiritual insight into ...	http://shop.steinerbooks.org/Search?SearchType=A&SearchText=Mayer%2C+Gladys
In my last article on current geopolitics, Larry Diamond, the sociologist from Stanford, California, put forward a view of the decline of democracy in the Western world in which he pointed out that this decadent situation was the same for all democratic models globally, given that something similar to what is happening in the United States and Europe is also happening in the Asian world, including all the nations from China and the Philippines to Australia. There is no doubt that the great thinkers of today's world believe with absolute conviction and with a sincere moral conscience that the whole world revolves around the same old historical, divine and earthly myths, according to which human beings from their own ethnic groups are the ones who determine the path of humanity, as well as all the material goods and animal and plant species that make up the current universe. Nevertheless, the evolution of the sciences in the postmodern world has been so rapid that it has not allowed scholars of the humanities, art and metaphysics to understand the present where the new sciences, technologies and communication media have taken absolute control of the current world and have barely left little spaces for those who still think that the essence of the human being lies in enjoying beauty and delighting in pleasures that are not material. As the XXI century progresses, the paradigms of the human being have been changing in an unexpected way and religions and social and cultural myths have disappeared, in addition to all the activities that do not produce benefits or at least a little prestige. Little by little the spoken and written word has disappeared, images that were visible and identifiable are becoming almost indecipherable puzzles, emotions are being watered down to a significant degree and the nodule of the family that has driven the human race since the Neolithic Age has been disappearing to create a world totally different from the one that was known through words and images. In the same way that human beings have changed their evolutionary rhythm, their social groups have moved away from agricultural land and its natural resources to create a new abstract world where the tendency is to live in large cities that not only complicate human subsistence, but make it more expensive and much less warm than when they lived in the rural world. Although right now it is very difficult to imagine what will happen on our Planet in the coming years, it is clear that it will be a very different world from the current one. The human being will seek to adapt to the new political, economic and social reality, but will never manage to adapt to a world of unbearable temperatures, a string of seismic movements that destroy cities and a set of changes in the planet’s surface that will lead to the disappearance of beaches and coastlines that are now at the same level as the marine waters. Therefore, the most important actions of the human being at present should be towards creating a world order of peaceful coexistence where all nations will understand that it will not be possible to survive without creating the material and political conditions to do so. In some way the idea has to be spread that the material paradigms of the past will be displaced by a new world political order that allows human beings on Planet Earth to approach others without fear of being despised or shunned due to the color of their skin, their shabby dress, poor health or scarce resources to acquire healthcare products and basic foods. Addendum: Human beings will either accept fellow human beings unconditionally or the human race will be doomed to disappear in a few more decades, regardless of material wealth, ideology, ancestral legacies and skin color.	http://sesgo.org/index.php/politics-economy-art/80-articles/1230-the-current-geopolitical-essay
Information literacy education has long included developing skills in evaluating information. Librarians have designed checklists, dichotomized scholarly and popular sources, and created lessons centered around fact checking in an effort to encourage responsible information habits. While these skills are important, traditional methods of information evaluation do not account for the impact that emotions and internal biases have on human judgement processes. Research shows that humans are more likely to dismiss information that does not confirm previous thinking in favor of information that does regardless of source reliability. It follows that even if students are given a tool to determine reliability such as a checklist, they may not accept the outcomes if it doesn’t align with pre-existing beliefs. Highlighting the importance of checking emotional reactions to information has perhaps never been more relevant than now, when much of our information comes to us via proprietary algorithms that encourage confirmation bias. The platforms we frequent create echo chambers overrun with misleading and inflammatory information. We must teach students that checking in with our emotions and internal biases is an integral part of evaluating information in their academic lives and beyond. Drawing from Social Psychology and Communications literature, I will explore the significant impact emotional reactions have on whether we internalize information as true or dismiss it. I will then discuss implications of this for information literacy education and offer practical methods for addressing these concerns.	https://liw2018.sched.com/event/Ebc9/checklists-are-not-enough-exploring-emotional-intelligence-as-information-literacy
The book’s title is ‘The Concise Townscape,’ and Gordon Cullen is the author. He was a well-known urban planner and architect from England who played a significant role in the townscape movement. Cullen introduced a novel theory and approach to urban visual analysis and design founded on the psychology of perception, including human perceptions of time and space and the need for visual stimulation. The Concise Townscape is the name given to later versions of Townscape. Through this book, he significantly contributed to the Townscape’s structure. The Architectural Press initially released the book’s First Edition in 1961, and Elsevier Ltd. owns the copyright. The idea of Townscape was invented in this work. Townscape is the visual arrangement and coherence of the urban environment’s chaotic collection of structures, roadways, and open areas. It has had a significant impact on those who are concerned with the design of cities, such as architects and planners. Image 1_ The cover of book – The concise townscape_ © goodreads According to Gordon Cullen, the layout of the city’s structures, including its streets, trees, and other natural elements, is known as Townscape. One approach to identifying a city’s physical shape using physical images is through the Townscape. The layout of the buildings and roads, which elicits a range of emotions in the viewer, may also be used to identify a townscape. The townscape idea is a foundation for architects, planners, and anyone concerned with the city’s appearance. The structure’s shape and mass impact and affect the physical form of urban space. The relationship between the physical condition of the urban environment and the body of the building mass is sensed by the spectator on a psychological and physical level. Additionally, the link between urban space’s size, form, and configuration and a city’s quality may be observed aesthetically. Additionally, the link between urban space’s size, form, and configuration and a city’s quality may be observed aesthetically. The author contends that values should be included in urban architecture for individuals to experience a pleasant urban environment emotionally through psychological and physical senses. This book focuses on four ideas: serial vision, place, content, and functional tradition. Each of the four main townscapes has specific characteristics, which are illustrated throughout the book as instances. Image 2_ The page describing serial vision _ The concise townscape_ © goodreads Optics, or how we see our surroundings: In his description of serial vision, the town is described as revealing itself in “a series of twitches or disclosures,” always balancing the present perspective and the growing one. According to the author, serial vision is defined as the visual pictures that an observer encounters when moving from one location in an area to another. As observers record the image, it eventually transforms into a part of the recording area for them. The observer may usually tell that he is still in the same place because of similarities or a marker in the view’s parts. Place: How we locate and experience ourselves concerning our surroundings: There is always a “here,” where you are, and a “there,” and it is fascinating to consider how we might shape these emotions to entice people to move about and explore while also fostering a sense of wonder, excitement, and tranquility. The author claims that people own locations based on how they feel there. For instance, a guy perched on a cliff’s edge will keenly feel his background, but a man at the end of a deep tunnel will respond to the cave’s confinement. The boundaries that exist in such a place have an impact on the location. The fabric of towns: The author claims that an area’s fabric, which comprises color, texture, scale, style, character, personality, and distinctiveness, determines how one feels about the status of the urban environment. The degree of conformance and inventiveness are two criteria that affect content. In the author’s opinion, functional tradition is a desirable characteristic in the components of the urban environment. From a perspective that enjoys urban life rather than fears it, this is a fantastic depiction of the elements that make cities and towns operate. It brings home how much of the literature created about the city is the literature of terror. Naturally, a lot of this is a direct response to Le Corbusier, whose work I’m now reading and just became aware of because of how he declared war on all of these concepts. The Concise Townscape author draws three conclusions at the end of the book: Urban environments can be categorized in two ways. The first is the city as an object made up of subjects that are outside planners. Second, the city is built, and then it is populated with activities. Both provide a sustaining complement. Townscape serves as a city in this scenario, providing the framework and fostering action. The inhabitants of the urban setting should be able to live comfortably. The urban environment impacted the physical and psychological evolution of civilization. Therefore, it is essential to emphasize the art of the surroundings in urban planning. The layout of an urban area should take Atlas’ reasoning into account. It has to do with the real-world dimensions of geometry, time, and atmosphere. In essence, the urban Townscape is divided into several critical components. People can identify a location physically and emotionally thanks to the Townscape. Townscape should be planned since it significantly impacts how a community grows in the area. The art of constructing an environment significant to a city is known as Townscape. Finally, this book has pioneered the idea of Townscape and has dramatically influenced architects, planners, and other people interested in city aesthetics. References: - Cullen, T., 2022. The Concise Townscape By Gordon Cullen [PDF\|TXT]. [online] Pdfcookie.com. Available at: <https://pdfcookie.com/documents/the-concise-townscape-by-gordon-cullen-eg270jxdjjv0> [Accessed 21 July 2022]. - Shwetank, K., 2022. Book Review: The Concise Townscape by Gordon Cullen. [online] Academia.edu. Available at: <https://www.academia.edu/28603407/Book_Review_The_Concise_Townscape_by_Gordon_Cullen> [Accessed 20 July 2022]. - Gibbons, A., 2022. Gordon Cullen’s Concise Townscape – Andrea Gibbons. [online] Andrea Gibbons. Available at: <https://www.writingcities.com/2015/11/10/gordon-cullens-townscape/> [Accessed 22 July 2022].	https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/rtf-architectural-reviews/book-review-concise-townscape-by-golden-cullen/
The meaning of color and the energies contained in their corresponding crystals and stones. Color is all around us. Most of us have no idea of the impact color has on our lives. This impact of color is usually not conscious. Much has been studied and written about color and its impact on our daily lives. Color research is going on in laboratories all over the world. Color therapy is being used by artists, psychologists and business people etc. Color can influence our emotions, our actions and how we respond to various people, things and ideas. Take a moment every day to look around you and feel the colors, enjoy the colors. Live your life in full color. Here are some of the meanings of colors and the energies contained in their corresponding stones.	http://www.threebutterflies.net/crystals---colors.html
Early deprivation of adult influence is known to have long‐lasting effects on social abilities, notably communication skills, as adults play a key role in guiding and regulating the behavior of youngsters, including acoustic repertoire use in species in which vocal production is not learned. Cheetahs grow up alongside their mother for 18 months, th... Attention is a central process of cognition and influences the execution of daily tasks. In humans, different types of work require different attentional skills and sport performance is associated with the ability to attention shift. Attention towards humans varies in dogs used for different types of work. Whether this variation is due to the recru... Social cognition involves a wide array of skills that are built largely through interactions with conspecifics and therefore depend upon early social experience. Motivation for social stimuli is a key feature of social behavior and an operant conditioning task showed that isolated wild‐caught adult starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) are highly motivated... Animal-assisted interventions (AAI) seem to offer promising possibilities to prevent daily conditions of inmates (overcrowding or social isolation); however, nothing is known either about the potential processes involved or impact AAI on the development of interactions between inmates. We hypothesized that either dogs would be a source and the cent... Little is known about the impact of equine-assisted interventions (EAI) on equids’ perception of humans. In this study 172 equids, living in 12 riding centres, were submitted to a standardised human–horse relationship test: the motionless person test. Age, sex, type (horse/pony), housing, and feeding conditions of subjects were recorded. Overall, 1... Horses were domesticated for more than 5000 years and have been one of the most emblematic species living alongside humans. This long-shared history would suggest that horses are well known and well understood, but scientific data raise many concerns about the welfare state of most domestic horses suggesting that many aspects have been largely misu... Attention is defined as the ability to process selectively one aspect of the environment over others and is at the core of all cognitive processes such as learning, memorization, and categorization. Thus, evaluating and comparing attentional characteristics between individuals and according to situations is an important aspect of cognitive studies.... To understand the processes involved in biological invasions, the genetic, morphological, physiological and behavioral characteristics of invasive populations need to be understood. Many invasive species have been reported to be flying species. In birds, both invaders and migrants encounter novel situations, therefore one could expect that both gro... When biological invasions by animals occur, the individuals arriving in novel environments can be confronted with unpredictable or unfamiliar resources and may need social interaction to improve survival in the newly colonized areas. Gathering with conspecifics and using social information about their activities may reveal the location of suitable... Invasions ecology deals more and more with behavioural characteristics of invasive species. Particularly, research have focused on the personality of invaders and on their way of coping with novelty in new habitats. Traits of neophobia may limit individuals in their exploration of novel objects or the consumption of novel foods, they may stop the a... Better understanding how audience size influences emotions and behaviours during public performances is of particular importance since it may both impact the level of anxiety and quality of achievement of the performer and alter the degree of appreciation of the observer. We tested this question in a naturalistic setting by analyzing self-assessmen... Recent research into starling species has revealed the existence of vocal social markers and a link between song temporal structuring and social organisation. The aim of the present study was to develop a genetic tool for understanding the population structuring and behaviour (social/parental transmission) and mating in Pale-winged Starlings ( Onyc... Sensory laterality is influenced by the individual's attentional state. There are variations in the way different individuals of a same species attend to stimuli. When confronted to novelty, some individuals are more explorative than others. Curiosity is composed of sensation and knowledge seeking in humans. In the present study, we hypothesized th... Assessing the animal welfare state is a challenge given the subjective individual cognitive and emotional processing involved. Electroencephalography (EEG) spectrum analysis has proved an ecologically valid recording situation to assess the link between brain processes and affective or cognitive states in humans: a higher slow wave/fast wave ratio... The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper: [...] Human emotions guide verbal and non-verbal behaviour during social encounters. During public performances, performers’ emotions can be affected directly by an audience’s attitude. The valence of the emotional state (positive or negative) of a broad range of animal species is known to be associated with a body and visual orientation laterality bias.... Assessing chronic pain is a challenge given its subjective dimension. In humans, resting state electroencephalography (EEG) is a promising tool although the results of various studies are contradictory. Spontaneous chronic pain is understudied in animals but could be of the highest interest for a comparative study. Riding horses show a very high pr... Abstract Although epilepsy is considered a public health issue, the burden imposed by the unpredictability of seizures is mainly borne by the patients. Predicting seizures based on electroencephalography has had mixed success, and the idiosyncratic character of epilepsy makes a single method of detection or prediction for all patients almost imposs... Visual social attention is an important part of the social life of many species, including humans, but its patterning may vary between species. Studies on human-pet relationships have revealed that visual attention is also part of such interspecific interactions and that pets are sensitive to the human visual attentional state. It has been argued t... Humans’ early olfactory perception has been studied mainly within the framework of mother–offspring interactions and only a few studies have focused on newborns’ abilities to discriminate body odors per se. The aim of this study was to develop a method to evaluate olfactory social preferences of infants at term-equivalent age. Twenty dyads of infan... Group cohesion relies on the ability of its members to process social signals. Songbirds provide a unique model to investigate links between group functioning and brain processing of social acoustic signals. In the present study, we performed both behavioral observations of social relationships within a group of starlings and individual electrophys... We investigated infants’ capacities to express themselves orally at very early developmental stages. Most reports focus on crying when in pain or hungry. We evaluated young preterm infants’ spontaneous vocal production in non-painful contexts. We identified a vocal repertoire composed of nine types of vocalisations. High-pitched sounds were associa... Previous studies evidenced that already from birth, newborns can perceive differences between a direct versus an averted gaze in faces both presented in static and interactive situations. It has been hypothesized that this early sensitivity would rely on modifications of the location of the iris (i.e. the darker part of the eye) in the sclera (i.e.... Despite a growing body of research on perinatal sensory abilities, data on the extent of tactile sensitivity and more particularly passive touch (i.e. sensitivity to a stimulation imposed on the skin) are relatively limited, and the development and processing of tactile function are still thus little known. This question is particularly of high imp... Although the question of animal welfare has been an important source of concern in the scientific community for several decades, many aspects are still under debate. On-farm assessments have to be rapid, acceptable to farmers and safe for both the assessors and animals. They are thus very demanding, with multiple decisions to make, such as the choi... Artificial weaning is a standard practice known to be one of the most stressful events in a domestic foal’s life. Research has mainly focused on ways to alleviate weaning stress. However, there is still a need for more detailed research on what should constitute best practices with respect to animal welfare. The aim of this review is to address thi... Despite controversies and the lack of research, dogs are empirically selected and trained to perform as service dogs, in relation to the dogs’ and future owners’ characteristics. We assessed the characteristics of both humans and dogs in an unbiased population (not selected or trained) of spontaneous seizure-alert by pet dogs and investigated wheth... Horses, and in particular sport horses, remain housed predominantly in single stalls. One of the main reported reasons is the fear that they will become agitated and injure themselves and thereby impair their performance if released in paddocks. The hour spent daily at work is also assumed to be sufficient to satisfy the horses’ needs for locomotio... Several previous studies have shown that working conditions (including riding) can induce stress in horses. Riders' actions and postures, when inappropriate, induce stress and conflict behaviours during riding and welfare impairment and negative emotional states outside work. Optimistic biases have been found in leisure horses, which, amongst posit... Vocal communication plays an important role in the regulation of social interactions and the coordination of activities in many animal species. Synchrony is an essential part of the establishment and maintenance of pair bonds, but few reports have investigated decision-making at the pair level. We investigated temporal characteristics of call excha... Background: Prioritization of the processing of threatening stimuli induces deleterious effects on task performance. However, emotion evoked by viewing images of snakes exerts a facilitating effect upon making judgments of their color in neurotypical adults and schoolchildren. We attempted to confirm this in school and preschool children with and w... Acute stress induces an array of behavioural reactions in horses that vary between individuals. Attempts to relate behavioural patterns and physiological responses have not always given clear-cut results. Here, we measured the changes in a panel of salivary components: salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), lipase, total esterase (TEA), butyrylcholinesteras... Research in cognitive psychology has repeatedly shown how much cognition and emotions are mutually related to one another. Psychological disorders are associated with cognitive (attention, memory and judgment) biases and chronic pain may affect attention, learning or memory. Laboratory studies have provided useful insights about the processes invol... Brain lateralization is a phenomenon widely reported in the animal kingdom and sensory laterality has been shown to be an indicator of the appraisal of the stimulus valence by an individual. This can prove a useful tool to investigate how animals perceive intra- or hetero-specific signals. The human-animal relationship provides an interesting frame... Some cues used by humans and animals during human-animal interactions may have significant effects, modulating these interactions (e.g., gaze direction, heart rate). This study aimed to determine whether an animal in human-animal interactions is capable of “perceiving” its human partner’s potential developmental “disabilities”. To test this hypothe... Despite the spatial and social restrictions it causes, single stall housing still prevails in sport and riding school horses, leading to the emergence of abnormal behaviours such as stereotypic or abnormal repetitive behaviours (SB/ARB). In the present study, we investigated the impact of the type (visual/tactile) and amount of social information t... La pratique de médiation équine pour les personnes avec troubles du spectre autistique (TSA) connait une expansion depuis plus d'une décennie en France. Pour autant, il apparait nécessaire de s'intéresser aux connaissances scientifiques sur cette question, qui restent rares, notamment sur l'impact de la pratique sur le cheval et sur l'humain. Cette... “Audience effect” is the influence of an audience size or composition on the emotional state of a public speaker. One characteristic of the audience which has received little attention is the spatial position of observers. We tested the influence of three positions (frontal, bi-frontal, and quadri-frontal) on actors and spectators’ emotions in real... Although different studies have shown that diseases such as breast or lung cancer are associated with specific bodily odours, no study has yet tested the possibility that epileptic seizures may be reflected in an olfactory profile, probably because there is a large variety of seizure types. The question is whether a “seizure-odour”, that would be t... Despite the fact that animal posture is known to reflect emotional state, the presence of chronic postures associated with poor welfare has not been investigated with an objective tool for measuring, quantifying and comparing postures. The use of morphometric geometrics (GM) to describe horse posture (profile of the dorsum) has shown to be an effec... Studies on auditory laterality have revealed asymmetries for processing, particularly species-specific signals, in vertebrates and that each hemisphere may process different features according to their functional “value”. Processing of novel, intense emotion-inducing or finer individual features may require attention and we hypothesised that the “f... Recently, there has been a rising interest in service dogs for people with epilepsy. Dogs have been reported as being sensitive to epileptic episodes in their owners, alerting before and/or responding during or after a seizure, with or without specific training. The purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive overview of the scientific res... Appendix: Dog alerting and/or responding to epileptic seizures: A scoping review. Table A: List of the twenty-three studies dealing with seizure-dogs and excluded due to lack of quantitative results. (DOCX) Stimuli such as visual representations of raptors, snakes, or humans are generally assumed to be universally fear-inducing in birds and considered as a product of evolutionary perceptual bias. Both naïve and experienced birds should thus react to such stimuli with fear reactions. However, studies on different species have shown the importance of ex... The study of animal behavior, especially regarding welfare, needs the development of tools to identify, quantify and compare animal postures with interobserver reliability. While most studies subjectively describe animal postures, or quantify only limited parts of the body, the usage of geometric morphometrics has allowed for the description of hor... Postures associated with the proportions. Results of the first two dimensions of the Principal Components Analysis performed on the GLS with the SSL method on the dorsum without neck rotation, for ‘standing motionless’. The deformation grids corresponding to each extremum of the PC1 are represented (maximum in red, minimum in blue). B = brachymorph... Postures associated with the type of equid. Results of the first two dimensions of the Principal Components Analysis performed on the GLS with the mixed method on the dorsum without neck rotation, for ‘standing motionless’. The deformation grids corresponding to each extremum of the PC1 are represented (maximum in red, minimum in blue). (TIF) Domestic species can make the distinction between several human sub-groups, especially between familiar and unfamiliar persons. The Domestication hypothesis assumes that such advanced cognitive skills were driven by domestication itself. However, such capacities have been shown in wild species as well, highlighting the potential role of early exper... Raptors are one of the most important causes of fatalities due to their collisions with aircrafts as well as being the main victims of collisions with constructions. They are difficult to deter because they are not influenced by other airspace users or ground predators. Because vision is the primary sensory mode of many diurnal raptors, we evaluate... The nine visual stimuli presented to raptors. (TIF) Location of the screens according to the runway. Red strips indicated the area to be protected. (JPG) List of bird species present at the airport. (JPG) Example of presence of raptors on runway before stimulus display. (JPG) Public performance is a reported source of anxiety. While the relationship between emotion and postural laterality is well-known in animals, few studies have tested the possible link between audience effect, anxiety and head orientation in humans. The Valence-Specific Hypothesis posits that the left/right sides of the brain are specialized for proc... While the vocal coding of human and animal internal states has been widely studied, the possible acoustic expression of "positive" emotions remains poorly known. Recent studies suggest that snorts (non-vocal sounds produced by the air expiration through the nostrils) appear to be reliable indicators of positive internal states in several ungulate s... Indicators of positive emotions are still scarce and many proposed behavioural markers have proven ambiguous. Studies established a link between acoustic signals and emitter’s internal state, but few related to positive emotions and still fewer considered non-vocal sounds. One of them, the snort, is shared by several perrisodactyls and has been ass...	https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Martine-Hausberger
> develop emotions of some sort. We can, today, make a simple color detecting machine that can tell us what color something is better than any human can. There is no significant "level of complexity" involved with such a relatively simple machine. But we all know darned well that what we use to represent color with is phenomenally different than what any such abstract machine would use to represent color. The machine may abstractly represent what color something is, but it doesn't know anything about, abstractly or not, what it is like for us to experience such colors. I'm sure emotions are very similar. Machines can abstractly model them and the corresponding behavior, but such models aren't anything like the true, fundamentally real thing we experience.	https://extropians.weidai.com/extropians.2Q98/2515.html
# Philosophy of music Philosophy of music is the study of "fundamental questions about the nature of music and our experience of it". The philosophical study of music has many connections with philosophical questions in metaphysics and aesthetics. The expression was born in the 19th century and has been used especially as the name of a discipline since the 1980s. Some basic questions in the philosophy of music are: What is the definition of music? (what are the necessary and sufficient conditions for classifying something as music?) What is the relationship between music and mind? What is the relationship between music and language? What does music history reveal to us about the world? What is the connection between music and emotions? (in the 19th century a debate began over whether purely instrumental music could convey emotions and depict imaginary scenes) What is meaning in relation to music? Contributions to music philosophy have been made by philosophers, music critics, musicologists, music theorists, and other scholars. ## Philosophical issues ### Definition of music "Explications of the concept of music usually begin with the idea that music is organized sound. They go on to note that this characterization is too broad, since there are many examples of organized sound that are not music, such as human speech, and the sounds non-human animals and machines make." There are many different ways of denoting the fundamental aspects of music which are more specific than "sound": popular aspects include melody (pitches that occur consecutively), harmony (pitches regarded as groups—not necessarily sounding at the same time—to form chords), rhythm, meter and timbre (also known as a sound's "color"). However, noise music may consist mainly of noise. Musique concrète often consists only of sound samples of non-musical nature, sometimes in random juxtaposition. Ambient music may consist of recordings of wildlife or nature. The arrival of these avant-garde forms of music in the 20th century have been a major challenge to traditional views of music as being based around melodies and rhythms, leading to calls for broader characterizations. ### Absolute music vs program music There was intense debate over "absolute music" vs. "program music" during the late romantic era in the late 19th century. Advocates of the "absolute music" perspective argued that instrumental music does not convey emotions or images to the listener, but claimed that music is not explicitly "about" anything and that it is non-representational. The idea of absolute music developed at the end of the 18th century in the writings of authors of early German Romanticism, such as Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder, Ludwig Tieck and E. T. A. Hoffmann. Adherents of the "program music" perspective believed that music could convey emotions and images. One example of program music is Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique, in which the fourth movement is the composer's depiction of a story about an artist who poisons himself with opium and then is executed. The majority of opposition to absolute instrumental-based music came from composer Richard Wagner (notable for his operas) and the philosophers Friedrich Nietzsche and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. Wagner's works were chiefly programmatic and often used vocalization, and he said that "Where music can go no further, there comes the word… the word stands higher than the tone." Nietzsche wrote many commentaries applauding the music of Wagner and was also an amateur composer himself. Other Romantic philosophers and proponents of absolute music, such as Johann von Goethe saw music not only as a subjective human "language" but as an absolute transcendent means of peering into a higher realm of order and beauty. Some expressed a spiritual connection with music. In Part IV of his chief work, The World as Will and Representation (1819), Arthur Schopenhauer said that "music is the answer to the mystery of life. The most profound of all the arts, it expresses the deepest thoughts of life." In "The Immediate Stages of the Erotic, or Musical Erotic", a chapter of Either/Or (1843), Søren Kierkegaard examines the profundity of music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and the sensual nature of Don Giovanni. ### Meaning and purpose In his 1997 book How the Mind Works, Steven Pinker dubbed music "auditory cheesecake", a phrase that in the years since has served as a challenge to the musicologists and psychologists who believe otherwise. Among those to note this stir was Philip Ball in his book The Music Instinct where he noted that music seems to reach to the very core of what it means to be human: "There are cultures in the world where to say 'I'm not musical' would be meaningless," Ball writes, "akin to saying 'I'm not alive'." In a filmed debate, Ball suggests that music might get its emotive power through its ability to mimic people and perhaps its ability to entice us lies in music's ability to set up an expectation and then violate it. ### Aesthetics of music In the pre-modern tradition, the aesthetics of music or musical aesthetics explored the mathematical and cosmological dimensions of rhythmic and harmonic organization. In the eighteenth century, focus shifted to the experience of hearing music, and thus to questions about its beauty and human enjoyment (plaisir and jouissance) of music. The origin of this philosophic shift is sometimes attributed to Baumgarten in the 18th century, followed by Kant. Through their writing, the ancient term aesthetics, meaning sensory perception, received its present-day connotation. In recent decades philosophers have tended to emphasize issues besides beauty and enjoyment. For example, music's capacity to express emotion has been a central issue. Aesthetics is a sub-discipline of philosophy. In the 20th century, important contributions were made by Peter Kivy, Jerrold Levinson, Roger Scruton, and Stephen Davies. However, many musicians, music critics, and other non-philosophers have contributed to the aesthetics of music. In the 19th century, a significant debate arose between Eduard Hanslick, a music critic and musicologist, and composer Richard Wagner. Harry Partch and some other musicologists, such as Kyle Gann, have studied and tried to popularize microtonal music and the usage of alternate musical scales. Also, many modern composers like La Monte Young, Rhys Chatham and Glenn Branca paid much attention to a system of tuning called just intonation. There has been a strong tendency in the aesthetics of music to emphasize the paramount importance of compositional structure; however, other issues concerning the aesthetics of music include lyricism, harmony, hypnotism, emotiveness, temporal dynamics, resonance, playfulness, and color (see also musical development). It is often thought that music has the ability to affect our emotions, intellect, and psychology; it can assuage our loneliness or incite our passions. The philosopher Plato suggests in the Republic that music has a direct effect on the soul. Therefore, he proposes that in the ideal regime music would be closely regulated by the state (Book VII).	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_music
Human perception is fundamentally affected by a multitude of factors some may arise inherently. The Gestalt theory in perception introduces a fundamental element regarding human perception based on the concept of atomism, which eliminates the essence of context and its influence on nature. The primary factors affecting our perception of the world surrounding us include mode of upbringing, emotions, and individual tendencies, behaviors or choices. First, as a result of individual tendencies on account of behaviors and choices, one is in a position to modify their fundamental need for perception. For instance, consider an individual having drug taking tendencies. He or she will exhibit distinct behavioral traits such as resistance to pain or discriminate the identification of audio-visual components of our surrounding. In this example, the change is perception may end when the individual quits his behavioral tendency with regard to drug abuse. Secondly, the mode of upbringing may ‘kill’ certain forms of individual perception. For example, certain forms of religious or cultural upbringing like the practice of Buddhism in which people are able to manipulate their perceptions have a great impact. In this example, the individual is able to induce control over his sensations or feeling, which has a significant impact upon his or her perception. Lastly, individual emotions can have a great impact on the experience of sensation and perception. This is fundamentally because emotions potentially interfere with the judgment of the present experiences. This may be a feeling that was initially experienced at an earlier time, which consequently triggers the production of a particular form of response. In this manner, the individual could either display increased or decreased tendencies towards a previous that affects the present time perception.	https://supremeessays.com/samples/medicine/influences-on-perception.html
Career is a profession which a person undertakes for a duration of the individual's life and which has a lot of progression opportunities. The career decisions which especially young adults make will have an impact on their self- fulfillment needs. Self fulfillment is the feeling of contentment and happiness as a result of engaging in an activity that utilizes ones abilities and talents fully. Young adults should, therefore, venture into a career that will make them feel satisfied at the end of the day. Maslows hierarchy of needs is an inspirational theory in the field of Psychology. It is often a human needs model within a pyramid. Human beings require motivation for the achievement of some needs. Certain needs take preeminence over others. The primary need is that of physical survival and which is responsible for human behavior. Upon fulfillment of that level of need, the following level depends on an individual's ambition and it goes on and on" (Maslow, 1943). The hierarchical level of human needs includes physiological and biological, safety, love and the sense of belonging, self-esteem and finally the self-actualization needs which is the top of the pyramid. It's the need that is the focus of the discussion ( Maslow, 1987, p.64). When an individual reaches a point in their life where they can find its true meaning is when it said that person is self-fulfilled. "Every human being is unique therefore the inspiration for self-actualization varies, and that is why people take variant directions in life" ( Kenrick et al., 2010). Certain individuals can achieve self fulfillment through literature or artistic works while for others they engage in sports, corporate setting or in teaching for a person- actualization. Self- fulfillment is a process which is continuous and not a condition which is perfect that an individual can attain. (Hoffman, 1988). The human needs will, therefore, take particular forms and the actions an individual decides to undertake will vary significantly from one human being to the other. This is as a consequence of the uniqueness of the human race. Young adults ought to be aware of the self-actualization needs in Abraham Maslow's hierarchy. The decisions they make in the careers, they want to venture in, or they are already in will have effects on their needs to feel they are satisfied with themselves. When a young adult portrays specific characteristics such as perceiving reality efficiently, having high ethical standards, concerned about other people's welfare, possessing the capability to view life objectively, their actions and thoughts are spontaneous. Others traits include accepting others and themselves personally for who, is humorous, have democratic attitudes and lastly can appreciate primary experiences of life among others good traits he or she can be termed as being self-fulfilled in comparison to his or her peers who are deficient of those characters. The career decisions young adults make will determine the possession of some of the characteristics of self-actualized individuals that one will have. This is despite the fact that no human being is perfect (Maslow, 1970a, P.176). Career choices begin as early as when a student is in early middle school (Osbon & Reardon, 2006). The feeling of happiness is an indication that an individual is self-fulfilled. The career decisions a young adult makes will make them either happy or sad in their life. A significant duration of an individual's life is spent on practicing the careers they ventured into. This will affect an aspect of the human self-actualization needs which is happiness. Take a scenario where the elderly have a plant, and they are given the mandate of taking good care of it. The old people will be happy when they tend to the plant themselves as compared to when the nurse who looks after them cares for it(Langer & Rodin, 1976). A person's career will affect their health and automatically how long they live in this world. If a young adult wants to fulfill happiness which is part of Maslow's self-actualization needs in their life they ought to venture into a career that they have an interest in and one that will make them happy at the end of the day. This is because the career decisions made affect an individual's self-fulfillment needs. The state of being self-efficient is one of the achievements of the self- fulfillment needs. The career decision a young adult makes will affect their person- efficiency. Self- efficacy is the belief that a human being has that he or she has the capability of accomplishing a given task successfully. There are some careers which people will choose to venture in while others avoid that particular profession. This is as a consequence of their judgment on their self- efficiency on a specific job (Bandura, 1986; Newmeyer, 2008). Particular careers like Medicine requires an individual to have high confidence that they are self- efficient while other occupations don't have such requirements .the feeling of one being self-efficient is as a result of the career path they choose to undertake and will impact their self-actualization need on Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The need is the top of the pyramid meaning very few people typically achieve self- fulfillment needs. The decisions a young adult makes in regards to their career path will have an effect on their emotions. Self- fulfillment needs require that an individual should be stable when it comes to their feelings A vast number of human beings become anxious and fearful when it comes to their emotions. Emotions are an unavoidable aspect of human life. When one can accept the thoughts of anxiety and fear when it comes to feelings and can move forward that is when their value comes out effectively. When negative emotions are there, and a person has the capability of accepting fighting them their worth outcome becomes valuable ( Steger, 2008). The choice of career path a young adult makes will make them to be either stable emotionally or not. Emotions are part of a human being's self- actualization needs according to Abraham Maslow. Therefore, how a young adult should take consideration of their emotions when it comes to career decisions. In the field of Medicine how an individual handles his or her emotions is very crucial as they deal with people who are in pain and suffer even fatal diseases. The young adult developmental stage has been chosen as when one is at this stage they have a long way to go in life. Decisions made at this stage of development will have an impact on an individual's self-fulfillment needs regarding every aspect of the human being especially on careers which a significant period is spent on. Young adults need guidance and counseling when it comes to career paths as most of them are unaware of what to expect. Besides young adults have peer influence and they make career choices which their friends go. When such a case occurs, the specific individual will be unable to achieve self- fulfillment needs. In retrospect, self- actualization is strived by human beings especially when it is a matter of career paths. Self-fulfilment is at the top of Abraham Maslow's hierarchical pyramid of human needs. Young adults should, therefore, be enlightened when it comes to their career decisions. The choices they make will have a direct impact on their satisfaction of the human beings self-actualization needs. In this paper, Maslow's hierarchy of needs is in the introduction. Self-fulfillment or self- actualization which is on the top of Maslow's hierarchy is discussed after. It is at the top as very few people in the world can achieve that level in the hierarchy of needs. Some of human self-fulfillment needs are after that. This includes emotions, self-efficiency, and happiness. The career decisions a young adult makes will affect a human demand which is at the top of Maslow's hierarchy which is the need for self- fulfillment or self- actualization. Achievement of self- fulfillment needs is as a consequence of the career a young adult undertakes to pursue. This is explained regarding emotions, happiness, and self-efficiency which are part of the needs. Finally, the reason as to why individuals in the young developmental stage are chosen at this stage is discussed and not any other stage of development. A conclusion with self- actualization strives especially in careers is what follows. There is a reference page with three google scholar journal articles references and two references for the two direct quotes in the used in writing of the paper. .Since text citations are also included in the paper with the right APA style format of writing as requested. References Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York: W.H.Freeman. Kendrick, D.T. Neuberg, S.L., Griskervicius, V., Becker, D.V., & Schaller, M. (2010). Goal- Driven Cognition and Functional Behavior. The Fundamental Motives Framework. Current Direction in Psychological Science, 19(1) 63-67. Maslow, A.H. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review,50(4), 370. Maslow, A. H. (1962). Towards a psychology of being. Princeton: D. Van Nostrand Company. Tay, L., &Diener, E. (2011). Needs and Subjective Well-Being around the World. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(2), 234. Request Removal If you are the original author of this essay and no longer wish to have it published on the customtermpaperwriting.org website, please click below to request its removal:	https://customtermpaperwriting.org/essays/effects-of-career-decisions-on-a-young-adults-self-fulfillment-needs
Tube Diameter: 7/8"Overall Length: 36" The Small Chakra Chime has seven harmonically tuned tubes, each colored and tuned to the 7 Chakras. Finding peace of mind, just became a little bit easier. What Are Chakras? The human body has energy centers with different rates of vibration or sound. These energy centers are called chakras. These energy centers are not in the human body. Rather they are in what is called the subtle or astral body- the aspect of us that experiences astral travel, out of body experiences, and lucid dreams. The subtle or astral body is an energetic form of the physical body. There are several chakras in the subtle body, but there are 7 main charkas. Their location corresponds to the human spine starting at the base of the spine and running to the crown of the head. Each of the 7 main chakras correspond to the seven notes on a musical scale (CDEFGAB). And each chakra also has a corresponding color (seven colors of the rainbow - red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet). Colors, like sound/vibration, can have an impact on our body's energies. They can help to clear negative emotions and energy and restore balance.	https://www.ecowindchimes.com/Small-Chakra-Wind-Chimes-p/9scha.htm
Two Ancient Cities Students review basic facts about two ancient American civilizations: the Inca and the Maya. Then they compare two ancient cities from these civilizations: Machu Picchu, of the Inca Empire, and Chichén Itzá, of the Maya. 57 Views 93 Downloads Concepts Resource Details Start Your Free Trial Save time and discover engaging curriculum for your classroom. Reviewed and rated by trusted, credentialed teachers.Try It Free - Folder Types - Activities & Projects - Assessments - Graphics & Images - Handouts & References - Interactives - Lab Resources - Learning Games - Lesson Plans - Presentations - Primary Sources - Printables & Templates - Professional Documents - PD Courses - Study Guides - Units - Videos - Performance Tasks - Websites - Graphic Organizers - Worksheets - Workbooks - Writing Prompts - Constructed Response Items - Apps - AP Test Preps - Articles - Lesson Planet Articles - Audios - Courses - eBooks - Interactive Whiteboards - Home Letters - Rubrics - Syllabis - Unknown Types - All Resource Types - Show All See similar resources: Navigation in the Ancient Mediterranean and BeyondLesson Planet Ancient texts, like Homer's Odyssey, mentions navigating ships by observing constellations. Pupils learn about the link between history and astronomy as they relate to navigation in the Bronze Age. Scholars complete two hands-on... 9th - 11th Science CCSS: Adaptable Ancient Warriors - The Legions of Rome 1/3Lesson Planet Who were the ancient Roman warriors? Learn about Tiberius Claudius Vitalis, one of the most feared and respected warriors from the Roman Empire. Nicknamed "the mule" for his ability to carry heavy loads during battle times. In part one... 11 mins 6th - 12th Social Studies & History Ancient Warriors - The Legions of Rome 2/3Lesson Planet Only citizens of Rome could serve in the elite Roman Legion. Tiberius Claudius Vitalis was part of this well-oiled machine. He and his comrades became one of the fiercest groups to uphold the Roman Legion. This video details some of... 10 mins 6th - 12th Social Studies & History Natural Resources and Ancient CitiesLesson Planet Students explain how the availability of natural resources has affected human settlement patterns. They recognize the interactions of human populations on environments and compare the growth of two ancient cities in relation to natural... 9th - 12th Social Studies & History Western Civilizations, Chapter 2: Gods and Empires in the Ancient Near EastLesson Planet Ancient Hebrew history comes to life through this online western civilizations tool, which follows history in detail from ancient origins to modern-day. Chapter two covers ancient eastern cultures, including beginnings of Hebrew... 11th - Higher Ed Social Studies & History A Day in the Life of an Ancient Egyptian DoctorLesson Planet How did ancient Egyptians treat a scorpion bite? Scholars analyze the life of a doctor during trying times of Ancient Egypt. They investigate treatments and issues that arise with the various medical concerns of the era. To conclude,... 5 mins 9th - 12th Social Studies & History CCSS: Adaptable The Ancient Ingenuity of Water HarvestingLesson Planet Water is essential to life on earth. How is it then, that people can survive in desert regions with very limited access to fresh water? Through ingenious architecture and engineering, communities in India's Golden Desert have been able... 17 mins 7th - 12th Science CCSS: Adaptable Ancient Mesopotamian Problems: Modern-Day SolutionsLesson Planet Learners research how modern architecture could have changed problems in past architecture. In this history lesson, students work in small groups and use modern technology to create ideas and solutions to problems with architecture in... 9th - 12th Visual & Performing Arts Ancient Rome: The Fall of Rome - Part 5/6Lesson Planet The senate turns against its own emperor and chooses Atalus as emperor, but Honorius knows exactly what to do. He cuts off Roman food supply, and unrest breaks out in the ancient city. Now that his plan is not working, Alaric has to find... 10 mins 9th - 12th Social Studies & History The Story of India - The Meeting of Two Oceans - 2/6Lesson Planet Muslims came into India and by the end of the 12th century had begun military conquest. Part two of this six-part series focuses on political, religious, and cultural influences brought by the spread of Islam into India.	https://www.lessonplanet.com/teachers/two-ancient-cities
The second unit of my World History Curriculum focuses on the first civilizations in the Fertile Crescent and Mesopotamia as well as the rise of Ancient Egypt. This is always a fascinating unit for students as they learn about pyramids, pharaohs, and the development of ancient societies. There’s a variety of activities for each day in the unit so that students are always getting creative with hands-on materials. You can get every lesson plan and resource for the unit here, or join Students of History to immediately access every lesson online. The unit begins with a look at the civilizations that developed between the Tigris and Euphrates River Valleys, some of the oldest known cultures. There is a PowerPoint and guided notes (along with Google Slides and "flipped classroom" video options) to introduce students to the geography and early civilizations in the Fertile Crescent. Following this, students work on a map activity or interactive notebook map to better understand the geography of the region. Lesson two centers around Hammurabi’s Code, one of the oldest, best-preserved sets of laws in history. Teachers can go through some of the laws with students through a PowerPoint and chart that is helpful for students who find the laws challenging to understand. Another option is to allows students to review them in groups or individually with this analysis activity on Hammurabi's Code . There are several helpful video links available for this lesson as well as a worksheet on the cuneiform alphabet and a digital notebook activity that works well here. The next lesson focuses on the rise and fall of Mesopotamia's conquering city states like Ur, Babylon, Sumer, and others. An excellent PowerPoint and guided notes (also with Google Slides and video) starts off the lesson before students work on either a Mesopotamia Brochure project of reading activity on Sumerian achievements. The unit then moves on to look at the civilization that developed along the Nile River in Ancient Egypt. A PowerPoint and guided notes is available to introduce students to the main concepts. A reading activity follows this on the three kingdoms of Ancient Egypt to help students understand the time periods. A mapping activity is also included here to help students understand the geography of the Nile River Valley and Delta. There's also an amazing 3D PowerPoint on Ancient Egypt as well that brings the pyramids and ancient world to life in your classroom. Several videos are also available to use here before students analyze a primary source from Ancient Egypt and the Hittites. The next lesson has students learning about Ancient Egyptian religion and culture. First, kids learn about major Egyptian deities with a stations activity before they complete a "design your tomb" project or review a primary source of the Book of the Dead. The unit concludes with a lesson on the origins of Judaism and the Hebrews. A PowerPoint and guided notes serves as an introduction before students work on a timeline activity. Lastly, students complete a digital or interactive notebook Venn Diagram comparing monotheism & polytheism. There is also a printable PDF and Google Doc unit packet and digital notebook set that can be used throughout the unit for remediation or extension activities. The unit concludes with several review games and resources followed by an editable test, with a Google Forms version also available for easy grading. You can use the links above to download any resource individually and see reviews from teachers who've used them. The entire unit can be downloaded here and immediately saved to your desktop. You can also access the lessons and resources through a subscription, which grants you access to the ENTIRE World History curriculum. If you’re unsure which option might be best, you can read about the differences between subscriptions and TpT here.	https://www.studentsofhistory.com/mesopotamia-ancient-egypt-unit
Roman Empire General Resources: more detail Water Technology in the Middle Ages: Cities, Monasteries, and Waterworks after the Roman Empire (Johns Hopkins Studies in the History of Technology) by Roberta J. Magnusson , 2001-12-04 Foundation History: the Roman Empire: Teacher's Resource Pack by Fiona Reynoldson , 1994-06-30 The Roman Empire: Assessment and Resource Pack (Heinemann History Study Units) by Martyn J. Whittock , 1991-05-13 Contrasts & Connections: Teacher's Resource Book: Year 7 (Discovering the Past) (The Roman Empire/Medieval Realms/Islamic Civilisations) by Alan Large , Andy Reid , 1995-04-30 Past Masters: The Roman Empire by Phil Suggitt , 2000-06 lists with details The Ancient World Web: General_Resources/Roman_World The Ancient World Web's Index to general resources for Rome An Illustrated History of the roman empire. This sprawling site includes interactive maps, timelines, histories, forums http://www.julen.net/ancient/General_Resources/Roman_World Internet Resources: Rome general resources. Secondary Texts and resources. line; managed by Michael DiMaio, Jr., of Salve Regina University Imperium romanorum The roman empire Tables of http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/ROMINRES.HTM Rome: General Resources of ancient roman culture. Internet Ancient History Resource Guide A map general overview of ancient Rome in Italian. roman empire Seedbed of Christianity. http://www.dalton.org/groups/rome/RGen.html Extractions : TELA, The Electronically Linked Academy, is the official World Wide Web site of Scholars Press and of many of our sponsoring societies, which include the American Academy of Religion, the Society of Biblical Literature, the American Philological Association, the American Schools of Oriental Research, and the American Society of Papyrologists. Scholars Press is a consortium of more than twenty organizations, and we publish books, journals, and electronic publications in the areas of religion, classics, and Mediterranean archaeology. General Ancient History Resources general Ancient History resources. roman Law Links to Internet resources related to roman Law. Age in literature and the other arts. The roman empire This is http://dewey.chs.chico.k12.ca.us/ss10.html Extractions : From the Chico High School Library Exploring Ancient World Cultures "An on-line course supplement for students and teachers of the ancient and medieval worlds; features its own essays and primary texts. Over time it will include chapter-length histories for each of the eight "cultures" represented: The Near East, India, Egypt, China, Greece, Rome, Early Islam and Medieval Europe. Aso includes a substantial index of internet sites, divided into five sub-indices: a chronology, an essay index, an image index, an internet site index and an electronic text index." Mayan Studies Links A collection of links to Internet information about Mayan and pre-Columbian civilizations of the Americas. Images, information and articles provide a lot of helpful resources. The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World For their builders, the Seven Wonders were a celebration of religion, mythology, art, power, and science. For us, they reflect the ability of humans to change the surrounding landscape by building massive yet beautiful structures, one of which stood the test of time to this very day. Roman Law Links to Internet resources related to Roman Law. Medieval Sourcebook: Gibbon: The Fall Of The Roman Empire Edward Gibbon general Observations on the Fall of the roman empire in the West neglected, and still neglect, to counterbalance these natural powers by the resources of military art http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/gibbon-fall.html Extractions : Since the first discovery of the arts, war, commerce, and religious zeal have diffused, among the savages of the Old and New World, those inestimable gifts: they have been successively propagated; they can never be lost. We may therefore acquiesce in the pleasing conclusion that every age of the world has increased, and still increases, the real wealth, the happiness, the knowledge, and perhaps the virtue, of the human race. [] See the inestimable remains of the sixth book of Polybius, and many other parts of his general history, particularly a digression in the seventeenth [leg. eighteenth] book, in which he compares: the phalanx and the legion [c. 12-15]. [] Sallust, de Bell. Jugurthin. c. 4. Such were the generous professions of P. Scipio and Q. Maximus. The Latin historian had read, and most probably transcribed, Polybius, their contemporary and friend. [] While Carthage was in flames, Scipio repeated two lines of the Iliad, which express the destruction of Troy, acknowledging to Polybius, his friend and preceptor (Polyb. in Excerpt. de Virtut. et Vit. tom. ii. p. 1466-1465 [xxxix. 3]), that, while he recollected the vicissitudes of human affairs, he inwardly applied them to the future calamities of Rome (Appian. in Libycis, p. 136, edit. Toll. [Punica, c. 82]). General World History Resources Virtual Library History section general and OldWorld Virtual Library History Informational resources, bysubject people only related to the Holy roman empire. http://dewey.chs.chico.k12.ca.us/ss9.html Extractions : From the Chico High School Library A gateway to architecture from around the world and across history. The Great Buildings Online documents hundreds of buildings and leading architects with 3D models, photographic images and architectural drawings, plus commentaries, bibliographies, and web links, for famous designers and structures of all kinds. Library Resources For Ancient Rome And The Roman Empire general Reference resources for Ancient roman Studies Dictionaries Indexes Abstracts Electronic resources Web Links. Dictionary of the roman empire. http://www.libraries.psu.edu/artshumanities/roman/general.htm Library Resources For Ancient Rome And The Roman Empire Use these general subject headings RomeAntiquities. Dictionary of the roman empire. Locating Journal Articles on roman History and Civilization. http://www.libraries.psu.edu/artshumanities/roman/history.htm PBS: The Roman Empire In The First Century - Classroom Resources structure mentioned using a map of the roman empire. and literary achievements of the roman Republican). Arts Demonstrates competence in the general skills and http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/classroom/lesson1.html Extractions : The Roman Empire was one of the largest in world history. A common saying "All Roads Lead to Rome" alludes to this central hub of technology, literature, and architecture. Rome became a great empire for many reasons: great rulers, great armies, a suitable location, and notable achievements from visionary builders. The engineers of the Roman age created an amazing network of roads, built strong arched bridges, harnessed water power using aqueducts and created public baths complete with gardens and restaurants that would rival some water parks of today. The Romans built roads, aqueducts, and bridges so skillfully that some are still in use 2,000 years after construction. Buildings based on Roman architecture stand today throughout the world. Students will examine the significant achievements of Roman roads, bridges, baths, and buildings as they research, organize their information, and then prepare and present their data in either a software presentation or in booklet form. PBS: The Roman Empire In The First Century - Classroom Resources creatively, roleplay, and improve their general knowledge base A copy of the tapes, The roman empire in the cybercom.com/~grandpa/gdsindex.html roman Gods and http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/classroom/lesson4.html Extractions : Timeline Special Features About the Film Classroom Resources ... Lesson 3: Number as the Romans Do Lesson 4: Mythmakers Lesson 5: A Roman Empire Information Fair Project Lesson 6: A Roman Empire Trivia Game Lesson 7: Making Decisions that Effect an Empire Lesson 8: Religion's Role in the Roman Empire Students will practice informative writing skills. Students will demonstrate research skills by using the Internet and reference books and magazines to gather information. Students will be able to recognize Roman gods and goddesses, and they will become familiar with Roman myths. Students will express themselves creatively as they write letters, original myths, and descriptions of the gods and goddesses. Italian History On The Web general Sources http//www.medioevoitaliano.org Italian History, the Medieval Project The Italian Index Provides links to resources on all The roman empire. http://web.uccs.edu/~history/index/italy.html Ancient History On The Web general Sources ABZU Guide to resources for the roman Art and Archaeology Index for web resources. The roman empire Christian Catacombs of Rome Includes the http://web.uccs.edu/~history/index/ancient.html Classical Studies - General general resources, professional resources history and culture the roman empire, ancient voices order and life in roman times. and Medieval History, http://www.lib.depaul.edu/eresource/subject_search_infotype.asp?SubjectID=14&Top Archaeolink.com Archaeology, Anthropology, Ancient Civilizations - Social Studie roman empire South America United States AM United States NW US general resources Zooarchaeology. Other Individual state/province/country Archaeology Pages. http://www.archaeolink.com/ Extractions : The Amazing This place is designed to provide students and others interested in the fields of archaeology, anthropology, and ancient civilizations (and now a lot more) a one stop resource for homework help or other projects. You will find numerous resources (currently over ten thousand and climbing ) divided by topic. Each site has been reviewed, and checked for links inappropriate for youngsters. While I try to keep things up to date, you may run into dead or changed links. If so, please notify me and I will remove them as soon as possible. If you have a website which you would like to see here, please send me the information and I will review it for possible inclusion. - Thank You website designed for use on all types of browsers from the most primitive to advanced versions. Archaeology Anthropology Ancient Civilizations Glossary ... Specialty Pages Or scroll down the page for topic headings. Do you need money for school? Check out the section about scholarships, grants, fellowships, and other sources of academic and research funding. Archaeology, Anthropology, History Scholarships Roman Resources Ancient Rome resources Page. general Websites. roman empire contains good, basic material on life in the roman empire, including descriptions of the http://my.execpc.com/~jjstoltz/Roman.html Extractions : General Websites Ancient Rome - find out why Rome wasn't built in a day! Explore its Colosseum, Forums, and the Circus Maximus, as well as the city of Pompeii. Roman Empire - contains good, basic material on life in the Roman Empire, including descriptions of the architecture, politics, clothes, and entertainment. Roman History - learn about Rome's education, army, religion, and much more! There's even an interactive quiz where you can test your knowledge. From BBC Education. Who were the Romans? - have fun learning about ancient Romans, especially their history in Britain. Check out the tutorial written by schoolkids, some quick and quirky facts, a quiz, and more! Timeline : Ancient Rome - designed to introduce students in grades 3-5 to the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome. Life in Ancient Rome Daily Life in Ancient Civilizations - all about daily life in ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome, India, and China. Contains original stories and games, as well as homework help galore. Roman Ball Games - description of the popular ancient Roman ball playing games similar to handball, but played by several players around two concentric circles. ROMARCHGeneral Interest Resources 1. general INTEREST resources. 101, U. Evansville; Rome resources the Archeotype Rome project; ArtServ within the territory of the former roman empire) TOP http://www.arts.usyd.edu.au/departs/classical/dropbox/genr.html Extractions : Subheadings: [Central sources of images and info.] [Museums] [Society, culture, religion, law, and war] [History] ... [Publications] CENTRAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION AND IMAGES [TOP] Dakota State University: Art History on the Web (images and descriptions in: Classical Greek, Etruscan, Hellenistic, Roman, E. Christian, Byzantine) Scores of images from the ancient Mediterranean, for a theatre design course at Tulane. Portraits of Roman emperors (in progress; asking for assistance in identifications) Global Atlas of Paleovegetation since 18,000 B.P. BUBL LINK: 900 History: General Resources the holocaust, medieval history, and general resources. online lessons, and resources for teachers and covered include the roman empire, Islamic civilisations http://link.bubl.ac.uk/ISC11230 Greco-Roman Studies general resources. Paul Halsall s extensive collection of academic qualities web resources relating to all aspects of ancient roman society roman empire. http://religion.rutgers.edu/vri/grk_rom.html Extractions : RUTGERS UNIVERSITY RELIGION DEPARTMENT Home Academic Sites American Studies Ancient Near East ... What's New? Note: Some texts are buried deep in e-archives. If title link does not work, click source. General Resources American Classical League Web page designed by Suzanne Bonefas posts sources for the myth of Asklepius cult hymns , reports of miraculous cures Epidauros Pergamum Biblioteca Arcana ... seasonal festivals , the Pythagorean pentacle , the Saturnalia , etc. Gnomon On-Line: Bibliographische Datenbank downloadable thesaurus . Bi-lingual website of Jurgen Malitz posts assorted messages in either German or English. Interactive Ancient Mediterranean Multimedia on-line atlas provides high quality topical maps The Internet Classics Archive K. C. Hanson's Classified Bibliographies On-line lists of recent scholarly literature on The Classics Page at Ad Fontes Academy Features a Latin Library with attractive e-editions of original Latin texts (without translation) by authors from Apuleius to Vergil Mythology in Western Art The Perseus Project archive of classic texts (in Greek Latin ET ). Scholarly tools include Virtual Religion Index Confucian Tradition. Taoist Tradition. Japan general resources. Shinto. Ethics Moral Values, Republican Rome. roman empire. Mystery Religions. Hindu Studies, Vedas. http://religion.rutgers.edu/vri/ The Educational Encyclopedia, General History general overview. BBC history. Barbarian invasions of the roman empire. Historic atlas resources OSSHE a tip, interactive. Historic atlas resource images.	http://www4.geometry.net/basic_r/roman_empire_general_resources.html
Social studies learners explore slavery in the American colonies from 1607 to the Revolutionary War. In groups, they explore a PBS website and a virtual museum. Using these websites and other online resources, learners create their own... Lesson Planet A Tale of Two Field Trips In this museum worksheet, students read about visiting a museum and a virtual museum and answer multiple choice questions about them. Students complete 3 questions. Lesson Planet Museum of Computer Technology Pupils research the five generations of computing devices and computer inventors, and create a virtual museums. Lesson Planet Digital Field Trip Report Students create a series of guided tours through a museum, creating a virtual museum for others to acess using audio, images, and an iPod. Their reflections serve as a way to allow other students that are unable to attend the field trip... 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Lesson Planet Multiple Perspectives: Newspaper Stories and Editorials Newspapers are the perfect medium through which to explore different perspectives in informational text. After researching the fur trade and resultant colonization, groups write a newspaper, including an editorial page, selecting one of... Lesson Planet Use Google Maps to Teach Math Capture the engagement of young mathematicians with this upper-elementary math lesson on measuring time and distance. Using Google Maps, students first measure and compare the distance and time it takes to travel between different... Lesson Planet Picasso's Art Styles Students explore the life and artistic contributions of Pablo Picasso. They create a clay animation depicting one of Picasso's art periods. Lesson Planet Ancient Civilizations Sixth graders, in groups, research the culture of an ancient civilization. They use the Internet to locate artifacts that illustrate different elements of culture, write a description and analysis of each piece and present their work to... Lesson Planet Made in China Learners create a power point presentation. In this Chinese inventions and discoveries lesson, students view sample products that are the product of ancient Chinese civilizations and their innovations and discoveries. Learners select a... Lesson Planet International Manned Space Travel and Technologies Students analyze elements of space travel. In this space travel lesson, students log on to Second Life and virtually explore rockets and other tools used in space travel. Students research manned space flights and discover which... Lesson Planet Is it a Moth or a Butterfly? Second graders examine the similarities and differences between moths and butterflies. They participate in a virtual field trip using a designated web site. They design a computer based slideshow using the information they find on the... Lesson Planet Dot-Gone Students read "Failed Web Sites Live On, Gone but Not Forgotten." students examine why some Internet businesses have failed and develop business models for successful new Internet companies. Lesson Planet The San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 Learners study the history of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. They read a story, view photos of the disaster, and complete a comprehension worksheet.	https://prod-aws.lessonplanet.com/lesson-plans/virtual-museums
“Web Design with HTML and CSS Digital Classroom” is a comprehensive guide to designing and building websites using HTML and CSS. The book is written by Jeremy Osborn. The book is designed to be a complete course in web design. The book assumes no prior knowledge of HTML or CSS, making it accessible to beginners. However, it also covers advanced topics, making it a useful resource for experienced web designers. Overview of Web Design with HTML and CSS Digital Classroom Book:- ⇒ The book begins with an introduction to HTML and CSS, including the basics of syntax and structure. The book then moves on to cover topics such as text formatting, links, images, tables, forms, and multimedia. Each chapter includes step-by-step instructions, as well as exercises and review questions to help reinforce the concepts covered. ⇒ One of the strengths of the book is its focus on design principles. The book includes chapters on layout, colour, typography, and graphics, as well as a section on designing for mobile devices. The authors stress the importance of usability and accessibility, and they provide tips and techniques for creating effective and user-friendly websites. ⇒ Another strength of the book is its coverage of advanced topics. The book includes chapters on CSS layout techniques, CSS3 animations and transitions, and responsive design. These topics are increasingly important in modern web design, and the book provides a thorough introduction to them. ⇒ Throughout the book, the authors provide tips and best practices for web design. For example, they recommend using semantic HTML to improve search engine optimization, and they provide guidelines for optimizing images and multimedia for the web. They also provide advice on working with clients and managing projects, including tips on time management, communication, and collaboration. ⇒ One unique aspect of the book is its inclusion of video tutorials. Each chapter includes a video tutorial that provides additional instruction and demonstrations of the concepts covered in the text. The videos are professionally produced and provide a valuable supplement to the written material. Chapters which covers in book:- Lesson 1: Planning Your Website The goals of web design The difference between print design and web design The web demands user interaction Defining the user experience User-centred design The stages of the planning process Defining goals and strategy Scenarios and characters Information architecture Defining the navigation design of the SmoothieWorld site Rethinking site navigation The role of usability testing Wireframes, prototypes, and mockups The evolving field of interactive prototypes Be creative during the planning process Lesson 2: Fundamentals of the Web How web pages work The Internet and World Wide Web domain names Domain names and hosting The language of the web The evolution of the web and web standards Separating structure, style, and interactivity Designing for the web Know your audience Know that your site’s viewers are impatient Designing for the screen Understanding how your audience will read your web content Lesson 3: Web Design Tools Web editors versus WYSIWYG tools Plain text editors Text editors for web design WYSIWYG editors Defi ning sites in Dreamweaver or Expression Web Obtaining Expression Web or Dreamweaver Creating a new site in Dreamweaver Importing an existing site into Dreamweaver CS5 Creating a new site in Expression Web Lesson 4: Fundamentals of HTML, XHTML, and CSS Web languages Web page structure is based on HTML The details of XHTML syntax Doctype lets the web browser know what to expect The W3C and page validation HTML structure Placing images in HTML The role of CSS Styling a heading Understanding class styles and <span>s Three ways to use styles Internal versus external style sheets Creating an external style sheet What makes styles cascading Lesson 5: Graphics, Color, and Transparency Optimizing graphics for the web Resizing the image Adjusting the image size Applying the Unsharp Mask filter to an image Selecting the best image format Choosing the right file format Choosing the best file format for your image Saving images as JPEGs Choosing the quality of a JPEG Previewing your image Creating a transparency effect in a JPEG image Saving your settings Saving images as GIFs Optimizing the GIF image Using the colour table Adding a matte to a GIF Animating a GIF Saving as a PNG Slicing an image Viewing the completed file Creating slices Changing the attributes of the slices Saving slices out of Photoshop Lesson 6: Formatting Text with CSS The importance of typography on the web The challenges of fonts on the web Setting a font-family Sizing text with CSS Pixels and points are not the best choices Using a combination of percent and the em measurement Using margins to modify the space between your text Setting paragraph line-height Transforming text with CSS Working with HTML lists Styling HTML lists Lesson 7: Introduction to CSS Layout Working with a CSS reset file A brief history of layout techniques on the web An overview of page layout options Understanding <div>s: creating a two-column fixed-width CSS layout Understanding the CSS float property Creating columns with the float property Working with the clear property Creating a list-based navigation using fl oats Adding text styles The effect of margins and padding on your fixed-width layout A review of using margins and padding for layout Styling your footer with a background image Lesson 8: Advanced CSS Layout Building your page layout Removing the background colour Working with CSS background images Using hacks to solve layout problems Enhancing your CSS navigation bar Moving your internal styles to the external style sheet Creating a style for the active page Adding images to your sidebar Working with absolute positioning Lesson 9: Browser Compatibility Why browser testing is important Are web pages required to look the same in all browsers? Choose the level of browser support you want The special case of IE6 Tools to identify browser problems Virtualization solutions for the Mac OS Virtualization solutions for Windows Browser compatibility applications Addressing browser incompatibilities with CSS fixes Addressing Internet Explorer 6 Browser incompatibilities in the future Future browser compatibility issues Lesson 10: Introduction to Interactivity Interactivity on the web Adobe Flash The Document Object Model Hiding an element with jQuery Adding an event to trigger the show effect Adobe Flash overview Generating code to add Flash movies to a page Integrating Flash into a pre-existing design Inserting Silverlight content into a web page Lesson 11: Mobile Design The need for mobile-optimized websites How is the mobile experience of the web different than the desktop? Deciding which type of mobile device to target The trouble with style sheets Using CSS3 media queries Lesson 12: HTML5 Essentials Defining HTML5 The motivation behind HTML5 HTML5 markup The <video>, <audio>, and <canvas> elements Embed media files using <video> and <audio> elements Provide drawing and animation features using the <canvas> element HTML5 markup is still evolving Grouping headings and images Identifying figures and captions Web forms The rest of the HTML5 family Geolocation Web Workers Web Storage CSS3 integration with HTML5 How to begin using HTML5/CSS3 Starting with an HTML5 foundation Words of encouragement Overall, “Web Design with HTML and CSS Digital Classroom” is an excellent resource for anyone interested in learning web design. The book provides a comprehensive introduction to HTML and CSS, as well as coverage of advanced topics such as responsive design and CSS3 animations. The focus on design principles and best practices makes the book a valuable resource for experienced designers as well as beginners. The inclusion of video tutorials is a particularly useful feature that sets the book apart from other web design resources.	https://freeknowledgehub.com/web-design-with-html-and-css-digital-classroom-book-summary-download-free-book-pdf/
PLAYMAKERS is an exploration of the experiences and innovations that are leading the way for learning design in the twenty-first century. The seven videos in this series introduce you to a range of people working at the intersection of games and learning, from teachers who happened on the power of play through trial and error, to commercial game designers who set out to make one great game and ended up empowering millions of users to make their own. Game-Based Learning Brings the History of Civilization to Life (Transcript) Jason Darnell: Somewhere down the line learning became not fun. I think somehow kids started coming to school and saying, "I'm not gonna have fun today. I'm going to school." And the reward of Historia, it's fun. Rick Brennan: Historia is game-based learning. Animated Slide Shows Super Map is a new map-making tool on MrNussbaum.com that allows students to custom-make their own maps of the United States, North America, South America, Europe, Africa, or Asia. February 9, 2014 By: David Kapuler A while back I created a list of top 10 sites for creating timelines. Well, since that time mobile learning has really integrated into education and apps have been developed to accomplish this task. I've created a new list combined with apps and sites that are ideal for creating timelines. PORTS is proud to announce our PORTS Unit of Study Common Core Alignment Project. Over the course of the 2013-2014 school year, PORTS is partnering with teachers from several County Offices of Education including Butte County, to bring our Units of Study into alignment with the Common Core State Standards. After a year or two of tinkering and experimenting with apps for teaching / learning Geography, I have (finally) compiled this list of what I deem to be the most useful iPad apps for teaching Geography. I have not rated any of them, or offered any kind of review. February 10, 2014 Below is a list of some useful web tools for map creation that I have been working on over the weekend. Think of these tools as powerful alternatives to Google Maps or Google Earth. World History Online navigates through 3 000 years of world history, world timelines of civilizations (plus maps), people and world events. A MiddleWeb Blog by Jody Passanisi & Shara Peters Most history and social studies teachers understand the value of group work, especially now, in the era of collaborative learning. Most of us assign group work. And most students, at one time or another, struggle with it. Established in 2006, Curriculumbits.com offer free online access to a growing range of interactive multimedia e-learning resources and as of 2012 links to recommended educational Apple iPad / iPhone and iPod Touch apps. The online Resource library contains games, quizzes, animations and videos in a variety of subjects. Resources have been produced according to key stage 3 and 4 of the UK National Curriculum for students aged 11 to 16 but will be applicable in many countries. Interactive whiteboard resources for Mathematics Some lesson plans are only available in Adobe Acrobat format. Get the reader. Washington's Head-Quarters 1780. At Newburgh, on the Hudson, by an unknown artist,after 1876. Smithsonian American Art Museum, gift of Herbert Waide Hemphill, Jr., and museum purchase made possible by Ralph Cross Johnson. This image is from the lesson plan Revolutionary Money. Reviews and Ratings for Websites and Apps Royalty Free Images, Stock Images, Portraits, Old Maps, Illustrations, Engravings, Teacher Resources & Educational Resources at our Image Library Humanline.com. Free Licenses for Educational Use. Create a map from location list, crowd source, spreadsheets, etc. Publish, share your interactive maps. Highlight radius and other regions. Get map images. How many of you have checked out iTunes U's repository of primary sources?... Create your own GeoGuessr challenge by choosing five locations on Google Street View. Provide as many questions (clues) and answers (locations) as you like to create a virutal 'treasure hunt'. Transforming media into collaborative spaces with video, voice, and text commenting. TimelineJS is an open-source tool that enables you to build visually-rich interactive timelines and is available in 40 languages. GoogleTreks™ for Middle School Kids Science Famous Scientists by Brittany Jimenez This GoogleTrek™ introduces amazing scientists and what they have done for our civilization. Galileo Galilei by Brittany Jimenez This GoogleTrek™ takes you through the life of the famous scientist and inventor, Galileo Galilei. The online game is intended for advanced middle- and high-school students. It invites them to learn about Lincoln's leadership by exploring the political choices he made. An animated Lincoln introduces a situation, asks for advice and prompts players to decide the issue for themselves, before learning the actual outcome. Welcome to this LiveBinder on Interactive History for students! OLHMS 7th Grade Social Studies - In this unit students will be able to explore how geographic, economic, social, and political issues can impact the ideological and structural bond of the United States (past, present, future) with an emphasis on the Antebellum Period.	https://list.ly/list/EoS-content-social-studies-slash-middle-school
WALK A MILE IN MY SHOES Students explore educational opportunities available to people living in a variety of developing and more economically developed countries. They work in groups and research an assigned country and explore how society values education, women's roles in their culture then they discuss questions about their country. 18 Views 56 Downloads Resource Details Start Your Free Trial Save time and discover engaging curriculum for your classroom. Reviewed and rated by trusted, credentialed teachers.Try It Free - Collections - Activities & Projects - Assessments - Graphics & Images - Interactives - Lab Resources - Learning Games - Lesson Plans - Presentations - Primary Sources - Printables & Templates - Professional Documents - Study Guides - Units - Videos - Websites - Worksheets - Writing Prompts - Apps - AP Test Preps - Articles - Lesson Planet Articles - Audios - Courses - eBooks - Interactive Whiteboards - Rubrics - Syllabis - All Resource Types - Show All See similar resources: My Senator and Me: A Dog's-Eye View of Washington, D.C. Although this legislative process lesson is designed to accompany a specific text, it is valuable independently. Young learners participate in a picture walk (worksheet included) through My Senator and Me: A Dog's-Eye View of Washington,... 4th - 6th English Language Arts CCSS: Designed Was Congress’s Violation of the First Amendment During the McCarthy Era Justified? “I have in my hand 57 cases of individuals who would appear to be either card carrying members or certainly loyal to the Communist Party. . .” Senator Joseph McCarthy certainly stirred the pot with his claims. The result was a series of... 7th - 11th Social Studies & History CCSS: Adaptable Love Letter to Food Don't be rude to food! Scholars see the startling truth about food waste in a disturbing video. The series of statements from individuals around the country paints a picture of good intentions followed by wasteful habits like cooking too... 3 mins 6th - 12th Science CCSS: Adaptable Walking in Their Shoes: Civilizations in the Americas: Lesson 2 Sixth graders explore world geography by viewing maps on the Internet. In this topography instructional activity, 6th graders utilize Google maps to view physical features of the Americas and label important areas such as the Great... 6th Visual & Performing Arts Walking in their Shoes; Civilizations in the Americas: Lesson 17 Sixth graders explore foreign cultures by analyzing historic clothing. In this American Indian lesson, 6th graders identify moccasins and the uses of footwear and other tools in the Americas. Students create fake moccasins with...	https://www.lessonplanet.com/teachers/walk-a-mile-in-my-shoes-6th-7th
Tip: Press ctrl and F (or Command and F on a Mac) to perform a keyword search of this page. To keyword search all Best of History Web Sites pages use the search engine located on each page. - News - Top Prehistory Web Sites - Prehistory General Resources - Prehistoric Art - Prehistory Lesson Plans, Teacher Guides, Activities & More Prehistory in the News ‘Astonishing discovery’ near Stonehenge led by University of Bradford archaeologists offers new insight into Neolithic ancestors: University of Bradford, June 22, 2020 — What could be one of the largest prehistoric sites in the UK has been discovered near Stonehenge by a consortium of archaeologists led by the University of Bradford. A massive 2km-wide ring of prehistoric ‘shafts’ up to 10m across and 5m deep has been discovered around the ‘super henge’ at Durrington Walls and the famous site at Woodhenge. The structures have been carbon dated to about 2500BC. In a first discovery of its kind, researchers have uncovered an ancient Aboriginal archaeological site preserved on the seabed: The Conversation, July 1, 2020 — For most of the human history of Australia, sea levels were much lower than they are today, and there was extra dry land where people lived. Archaeologists could only speculate about how people used those now-submerged lands, and whether any traces remain today. But in a study published today in PLOS ONE, we report the first submerged ancient Aboriginal archaeological sites found on the seabed, in waters off Western Australia. Top Prehistory Web Sites Ology – ArchaeOlogy: Clues from the Past ★★★★★ Developed for kids, this American Museum of Natural History site has lots of quizzes, games, and other active-learning features to foster “student-centered” learning. Kids meet archaeologists, explore evidence, and discover important sites. The technology is a little dated, but the approach is fun and enticing. Becoming Human ★★★★☆ Presented by the Institute of Human Origins, Becoming Human is an impressive and regularly updated site that explores human evolution in “a broadband documentary experience” with video, articles, news and debates in paleoanthropology and a Web guide. Watch an introductory video overview of evolution with guide Donald Johanson, read paleoanthropology news and book reviews, and visit the learning center for educational activities and lessons. The Human Lineage Though Time is an excellent interactive timeline. The site also features a glossary of terms and recommended web sites. Human Origins ★★★★☆ National Geographic provides map, articles, and videos that detail the ongoing quest to find the origin of humankind. Most of the content is aimed at grades five through eight. Prehistory General Resources Hall of Human Origins ★★★★☆ The Anne and Bernard Spitzer exhibit from the American Museum of Natural History offers a broad and detailed general introduction to the history of human evolution. It explores evidence of early human origins, follows early man through Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Ice Age, examines what makes us human, and ponders the future of evolution. Interesting features include Meet the Ancestors which provides a visual side-by-side examination of man, chimpanzees, and neanderthals. There are many educational materials available for download and related resources include a guide to finding fossils, a Tree of Life “Cladogram,” Darwin resources, and tools of early man. Judgment Day: Intelligent Design on Trial ★★★★☆ A Peabody Award-winning documentary produced by PBS, Judgment Day: Intelligent Design on Trial is a thorough investigation of the landmark Kitzmiller v. Dover School District case. The docmentary mainly features trial reenactments and interviews with the key participants, including expert scientists and Dover parents, teachers, and town officials. Overall, it provides a comprehensive view of one of most recent clashes over teaching evolution in American public schools. The film is not available for streaming on PBS website, but mirrors can easily be found elsewhere online. BBC Prehistoric Life ★★★★☆ This informative and engaging site, part of BBC Science and Nature, has many detailed sections, including Caveman Profiles, Lucy’s Legacy, Dinosaurs, Walking with Monsters, and more. In the caveman section you can click on a skull for handy facts about hominids. Lucy’s Legacy is a broad introduction to human evolution and discusses why Lucy is so important to human evolution. It then branches out to discuss Earth’s climate, new homo species, development of human intelligence, First Europeans, Ice Man, and more. In other parts of the site you can listen to Radio 4 programs on evolution and related topics and watch a 3D tours of dinosaur landscapes. The Human Evolution section provides an overview of a three million year human journey “from the treetops of Africa to civilisation.” The presentation is a mix of text and graphics supplemented with related BBC links. BBC History: Archaeology ★★★★☆ This is an informative and engaging site from the BBC. There are special sections on excavating human remains and the story of carbon dating as well as archaeology news stories from the BBC. The Ages of Treasures Timeline showcases some of Britain’s finest archaeological artifacts while The Multimedia Zone has several fun simulations, including Hunt the Ancestor, Iron Age Life, Diver’s Quest, Wetwang Chariot, Roundhouse, and the Dig Deeper Quiz. Visit the Stonehenge Dig section for video of the historic Timewatch dig. Creation Stories From Around the World ★★★★☆ Actually a fifty-page online book from University of Georgia with links to various chapters. There are two Hebrew stories, a brief and accessible creation myth, and stories from Japanese, Chinese, Cherokee, and other folk traditions. Fossil Fragments: The Riddle of Human Origins ★★★★☆ This offering from Yale University is based on a 2004 exhibition and explores the history of fossil hunting and fossils themselves. The history section is essentially an essay, but the rest of the site is highly visual and features great up-close photos of bronze age and neanderthal skulls. It also features a helpful (thought somewhat-outdated) Timeline of Evolution, a video tour of the exhibition and related links and books. Mr Dowling’s Electronic Passport: Prehistory ★★★★☆ Mr. Dowling’s Electronic Passport helps kids browse the world in his virtual classroom. He introduces many civilizations with clear explanations, graphics for kids, and “cool links”. His study guides, homework assignments, and exams are free and available for you to print or to edit. Mind you, most kids would not find the site so “cool.” Its design and graphics hark back to the 1990s and it lacks multimedia interactivity seen on many other sites aimed at kids. Archaeology: From Reel to Reel ★★★★☆ This National Science Foundation site introduces students to archaeology and separates the truth of what archaelogists do from the popular fiction of “Indiana Jones.” This teaching tool explains what archaeologists do and how they do it, who helps them, and why it matters. It also explains how satellite technologies help locate lost cities and has specific sections on ancient Egypt and the American Southwest. Mostly essay format with supplemental images, but little engaging multimedia. Understanding Evolution ★★★★☆ Understanding Evolution is an excellent introduction to teaching the science and history of evolutionary biology. It explains “for a general audience” the mechanisms of evolution through varied resources and provides as overview of the history of evolutionary thought and the history of life on Earth history of ideas, research, and contributors in the study of evolution. A helpful chart Understanding Evolution for teachers is a subsite within Understanding Evolution dedicated to helping teachers with the subject of evolution. Darwin ★★★★☆ The Darwin website by the American Museum of Natural History puts Darwin and his theories in historical context and provides much scientific, social, and personal information about the man and his theory of evolution. Of note is the “Controversies Timelines” that chronologically outlines the (often fiery) debate over his theories. The site is primarily text-based, aside from images there is limited multimedia, apart from a video of Darwin’s home and a few audio excerpts. DIG into History ★★★★☆ DIG was a colorful children’s magazine about archaeology published by Cricket Media. Although it is now out-of-print, back issues can still be ordered from Cricket’s website. We also recommend checking out cobblestone and FACES, two current kids’ magazines that focus on American history and world cultures, respectively. Evolution ★★★☆☆ The PBS Evolution web site compliments a seven-part, eight-hour television broadcast series. This rich and impressive site features video clips from the series, simulations, animations, interactive timelines, expert commentary, primary sources, and extensive links to evolution-related learning resources worldwide. Among the special educational features are a free, 40-page teacher’s guide available and an eight-session course for high school teachers, four 15-minute videos that highlight the teaching of evolution in real classrooms around the country, online lessons that use multimedia formats to enhance students’ understanding of evolutionary and a multimedia library that provides Web access to more than 150 multimedia resources and concepts. The site is old, so some of the features may no longer be functional. Atlas of the Human Journey ★★★☆☆ This broad but engaging site from the National Geographic Society employs an animated map to explore key historical events and a “genetics journey” to explain personal lineage over tens of thousands of years. Highly visual presentation. The Story of Africa: Early History ★★★☆☆ This BBC site features Africa’s top historians and analyzes the events and characters that have shaped the continent from the origins of humankind to the end of South African apartheid. The Early History focuses on Homo Sapiens in Africa, their switch from hunting to farming, and their tools and culture. A special feature of the section is several audio excerpts featuring experts discussing various aspects of early Africa. Unfortunately the site is not maintained as many of the external links are broken. The Talk Origins Archive ★★★☆☆ This site presents scholarly evidence and views regarding human origins. It also synthesizes current scientific thinking on human evolution. Unfortunately, Talk Origins Archive came under a cyber attack in 2007 and the site is no longer updated regularly. That said, the archives do contain detailed information. Mything Links ★★★☆☆ This is a hobbyist site dedicated to myths, folklore, and ancient history. Although it doesn’t have many articles yet, it is well-organized, and appears to update regularly. The Story of Pech ★★★☆☆ This offering from the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology focuses on Pech de l’Azé IV, a Neanderthal site in southern France. today’s sophisticated technologies. The multimedia Web site tells the story in detail. The dig site contains many hearths, an uncommon find and a special small stone artifacts. The story of Pech is detailed in essay format with a FAQ and glossary and supplement by images. Web Geological Time Machine (UCMP) ★★★☆☆ The Time Machine introduces the visitor to prehistoric geology and prehistoric sites around the world. Simple information site with pictures and hyperlinked text articles. Prehistoric Art Natural History Museums ★★★★☆ A good clearinghouse of links to natural history museums. The Cave of Lascaux ★★★★☆ This is a visually engaging and informative site produced by the French government that offers a visual tour of the famous cave art at Lascaux. There are more than 600 animals depicted in Lascaux. The Cave of Chauvet-Pont-d’Arc ★★★★☆ This is a another visually engaging and informative site produced by the French government. It features animals rarely-depicted in cave art. The Great North Museum★★★★☆ The Great North Museum has put together a very high-quality VR tour of their Ice Age to Iron Age exhibit, which has been faithfully recreated in 3D. The tour features narration by museum staff and is fairly interactive. Virtual tours of their biology and ethnography stores are also offered. Cave Paintings and Rock Art ★★★★☆ Aimed at kids, this educational site by Mr. Donn provides a brief introduction to Cro Magnon art and some links to cave art websites. Art History Resources on the Web: Prehistoric ★★★☆☆ This section of Art History Resources on the Web contains many links to sites on prehistoric art. Oldest Art: The Top 50 ★★★☆☆ This is an image-supplemented list of the 50 oldest pieces of art in the world compiled by the encyclopedia of Irish and World Art. The period and location of each piece is identified though only a minority include images. Lesson Plans, Teacher Guides, Activities, and more Lesson Plan: Human Origins This PBS Teachers Domain lesson plan uses various media clips to help students investigate hominid evolution. Students study the difference between a relative and an ancestor, study the emergence of bipedalism and the related physical adaptations and cultural ramifications, and chart patterns of hominid migration. Registration is required to use all resources. Virtual Resources for the Ice Age This section of the Creswell Crags museum site offers activites, maps, pictures, and print-outs for teaching about the Ice Age. The content is most suitable for very young students.. Mystery of the First Americans: The Dating Game Play this PBS Nova Shockwave game to see how scientists use radiocarbon dating to learn about ancient people. Human Evolution: You Try It When did humans evolve? Who are our ancestors? Why did we evolve? This activity shows the major hominid (human or human-like) species discovered to date, when they lived, and possible connections between them. Requires Shockwave. Ology – ArcheOlogy: Clues from the Past Developed for kids, this American Museum of Natural History site has lots of quizzes, games, and other active-learning features to foster “student-centered” learning. BBC History: Archaeology In the Inside Archaeology there are several engaging multimedia simulations: Hunt the Ancestor, Iron Age Life, Diver’s Quest, Wetwang Chariot, and Reconstructing an Iron-Age Roundhouse. BBC History: Ages of Treasure Timelines From the Palaeolithic to the Norman Conquest, explore archaeological sites and treasures from the past, and then test yourself on the eras and events in the Ages of Treasure game. BBC History: Iron Age Tasks From forging iron to collecting water, feeding animals to grinding corn, Iron Age Britons were mostly occupied by many relentless tasks each day. Explore these BBC images and you will see that some of the Celts at least were skilled artists and craft workers. Stonehenge: Solving Ancient Mysteries How do we learn about the past? What clues help us piece together a picture of life long ago? In this high school lesson, students become detectives as they investigate a mystery at Stonehenge, featured on the Thirteen/WNET New York program, “Secrets of the Dead: Murder at Stonehenge”. They learn about archeologists and anthropologists and the tools and methods they use to gather and interpret scientific evidence. They research current archaeological excavations and contact the scientists working at these digs. As a culminating activity, students advise a colleague on how to proceed with the excavation of a mysterious skeleton. The Dawn of Humanity: Searching for Clues to Human Origins by Exploring African Geography and History In this New York Times lesson, students learn about recent archaeological challenges to theories of human origins. They then research the history and geography of various African regions to create proposals for future excavations.(August 7, 2002) Mr. Donn’s Ancient History Page: Early Man Don Donn of the Corkran (Maryland) Middle School provides a complete unit with daily lesson plans and unit test for sixth graders. There are also links to multiple K12 lesson plans and activities. Mr Dowling’s Electronic Passport: Prehistory Mr. Dowling’s Electronic Passport helps kids browse the world in his virtual classroom. His study guides, homework assignments, and exams are free and available for you to print or to edit. Early Man in North America: The Known to the Unknown This strong unit from the from Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute carries the premise that archaeologists must study the environment in which ancient man lived, along with what he has made, in order to better understand his way of life. This unit is divided into three parts: Prehistoric time scale, environment of North America, evidence of early map. transparencies, charts, diagrams and artifacts are supplements, but not available from the website. MET Art History TImeline: The Heilbrunn Art History timeline at the Metropolitan Museum of Art is a quick way to find collections by area and time period. Many of the museums’ works have associated lesson plans and resources to help integrate them into the classroom.	https://besthistorysites.net/prehistory/
Ancient Rome Timeline For this ancient Rome worksheet, students use the unlabeled timeline to list important events in ancient Roman history. This is a vertical timeline with no dates. 23 Views 107 Downloads Concepts Resource Details Start Your Free Trial Save time and discover engaging curriculum for your classroom. Reviewed and rated by trusted, credentialed teachers.Try It Free - Collections - Activities & Projects - Assessments - Graphics & Images - Interactives - Lab Resources - Learning Games - Lesson Plans - Presentations - Primary Sources - Printables & Templates - Professional Documents - Study Guides - Units - Videos - Websites - Worksheets - Writing Prompts - Apps - AP Test Preps - Articles - Lesson Planet Articles - Audios - Courses - eBooks - Interactive Whiteboards - Rubrics - Syllabis - All Resource Types - Show All See similar resources: Who's Who in Roman History Students, in groups, produce a classroom documentary about important historical figures from the Roman Empire. They create posters to be part of a classroom timeline showing when each of these people lived and their impact on the empire. 6th - 12th Visual & Performing Arts Ancient Roman Monuments and Timeline While a terrific idea, this lesson in which learners create a timeline showing the date that a variety of buildings and monuments were built in Ancient Rome, requires resources teachers may not have. It requires the use of a Smartboard,... 6th English Language Arts The Great Conspiracy Against Julius Caesar What would you do if you thought your country was on the path to tyranny, and one man was gaining too much power? This animated video will engage your young historians with a thought-provoking query as it reviews the personal and... 6 mins 6th - 12th Social Studies & History CCSS: Adaptable Rome 1- The Founding of Rome and the Kingdom Sixth graders read about Ancient Rome in textbooks and trade books. In this Ancient Rome lesson, 6th graders take notes on facts about the importance of the Tiber River, Romulus and Remus and the Etruscans. Students discuss important...	https://www.lessonplanet.com/teachers/ancient-rome-timeline
Throughout the lesson, students are linked to online resources in order to conduct research. The sites have been chosen for their content and grade-level appropriateness. Efforts are made to minimize linking to websites that contain advertisements or comments, but some of these websites may contain these features. Teachers should preview all websites before introducing the activities to students and adhere to their school system's policy for Internet use. In addition, multimedia on these externally linked sites may not be accessible to all users, such as those individuals requiring a screen reader or using a tablet. This lesson also refers to the following website for an alternative interactive option for creating a graph.	http://weather.thinkport.org/using-this-site.html
Art in Context: A - Art Oral History Students explain what art/oral history is, what art historians do, and practice art history skills of description, analysis, interpretation, and evaluation. Additionally, students develop writing/interviewing skills, and find information through interview, library and Internet. 6 Views 13 Downloads Concepts Additional Tags Resource Details Start Your Free Trial Save time and discover engaging curriculum for your classroom. Reviewed and rated by trusted, credentialed teachers.Try It Free - Folder Types - Activities & Projects - Assessments - Graphics & Images - Handouts & References - Interactives - Lab Resources - Learning Games - Lesson Plans - Presentations - Primary Sources - Printables & Templates - Professional Documents - PD Courses - Study Guides - Units - Videos - Performance Tasks - Websites - Graphic Organizers - Worksheets - Workbooks - Writing Prompts - Constructed Response Items - Apps - AP Test Preps - Articles - Lesson Planet Articles - Audios - Courses - eBooks - Interactive Whiteboards - Home Letters - Rubrics - Syllabis - Unknown Types - All Resource Types - Show All See similar resources: Questions in Art HistoryLesson Planet This worksheet provides a wonderful scaffold for those learning how to analyze art in a critical and thoughtful way. It describes what art historians do, then requires learners to view and analyze one of the listed works. Twelve... 9th - 12th Visual & Performing Arts Late Antique, Early Jewish and Christian ArtLesson Planet Early Jewish and Christian art and architecture are featured in a 70-slide presentation designed for AP art history and humanities classes. In addition to the images, tenets of both religions, and maps of the regions are included. 10th - 12th Social Studies & History Lesson: All in a NameLesson Planet Lao Tzu was the fabled author of the Toa te Ching, Lau Tzu is also the name of a large sculptural piece. Kids examine Mark di Suvero's larger-than-life sculptures in relation to the elements of art they've learner about. They examine... 6th - 12th Visual & Performing Arts Lesson: Younger Than Jesus: Is a Young Generation's Multimedia Work Art?Lesson Planet How has art changed? Are young people artists? What is art? These questions are up for discussion as critical thinkers examine several works of art expressed through multimedia. There are five different sessions outlined, complete with... 9th - 12th Visual & Performing Arts When Art's a CraftLesson Planet What would it be like to restore modern works of art? By acting as modern art conservators, learners assess the first-hand difficulties faced in restoration efforts. In addition, they create modern art pieces from random materials. Then,... 6th - 12th Visual & Performing Arts Explore Cave Paintings in This 360° Animated CaveLesson Planet What do virtual reality and cave paintings have in common? Scholars ponder this question while examining a 360-degree-view video about 40,000 year old French cave paintings. Rich extension materials allow inquiry into deeper questions... 3 mins 6th - 12th Social Studies & History CCSS: Adaptable Lesson: Skin Fruit: Ideas of Empathy in Janine Antoni's WorkLesson Planet Kids get artistic as they explore the impact of art materials, sculpture, and performance. They discuss the work of Janine Antoni and then create a performance piece that reflects social or global issues they feel strongly about. The end... 9th - 12th Visual & Performing Arts Lesson Plan: Before and After a Moment in TimeLesson Planet Think about a moment, frozen in time. Now take a critical look at the painting, Better, Homes, Better Gardens. This painting works to provide learners the opportunity to analyze art, critique artist's choices, and write a story inspired... 6th - 12th Visual & Performing Arts Lesson: Younger Than Jesus: Understanding, Looking at, Making Abstract ArtLesson Planet Before the class makes abstract art, they see contemporary examples and analyze them. They look at art made by abstract artists under the age of 33 then use similar techniques to create an interesting collection of their own. The... 9th - 12th Visual & Performing Arts What's in a Picture? An Introduction to Subject in the Visual ArtLesson Planet Learners discuss the subject and meaning of examples of visual art. They analyze various paintings found on the Metropolitan Museum of Art website, answer discussion questions, complete online interactive activities, and write an essay.	https://www.lessonplanet.com/teachers/art-in-context-a-art-oral-history
This Ancient Greece lesson plan also includes: - Project - Vocabulary - Join to access all included materials Students explore world history by completing timeline activities in class. In this Ancient Greece lesson, students identify the geography of Greece and view timeline lectures of the Greek Empires. Students view a video about Greece and color in a map of the location with their class. 378 Views 671 Downloads Concepts Additional Tags Classroom Considerations - This resource is only available on an unencrypted HTTP website. It should be fine for general use, but don’t use it to share any personally identifiable information Start Your Free Trial Save time and discover engaging curriculum for your classroom. Reviewed and rated by trusted, credentialed teachers.Try It Free - Folder Types - Activities & Projects - Assessments - Graphics & Images - Handouts & References - Interactives - Lab Resources - Learning Games - Lesson Plans - Presentations - Primary Sources - Printables & Templates - Professional Documents - PD Courses - Study Guides - Units - Videos - Performance Tasks - Websites - Graphic Organizers - Worksheets - Workbooks - Writing Prompts - Constructed Response Items - Apps - AP Test Preps - Articles - Lesson Planet Articles - Audios - Courses - eBooks - Interactive Whiteboards - Home Letters - Rubrics - Syllabis - Unknown Types - All Resource Types - Show All See similar resources: Ancient Greece Map WorksheetLesson Planet Since the beginning of time, geography has shaped the development of human civilization, and ancient Greece is no exception. This worksheet supports young historians with exploring this relationship as they first identify key land... 6th - 8th Social Studies & History CCSS: Adaptable Writing Exercises: Ancient GreeceLesson Planet Combine subjects with a cross-curricular writing exercise. Although limited as an engaging or interactive activity, this Ancient Greece assignment has learners responding to 3 clear and simple prompts, each of which can easily lead into... 6th - 10th Social Studies & History The History of Ancient GreeceLesson Planet Present facets of Ancient Greek life and politics through direct instruction. Middle schoolers learn about to Greek City States, Sparta, Athenian Democracy and the Peloponnesian War by way of a class lecture. They use their text books to... 7th - 9th Social Studies & History Ancient Greece: Analysis and InterpretationLesson Planet "It's all Greek to me!" Guide understanding of Ancient Greek culture using this worksheet as a reading or independent research companion. Historians answer 7 display questions and then unpack an excerpt from the Odyssey through... 7th - 10th Social Studies & History Myths and Legends from Ancient Greece and Around the WorldLesson Planet Develop your Greek mythology lesson with this activity, which contains six questions about Alice Low's "Zeus and the Creation of Mankind." They can learn about the story of Prometheus as well as study the Greek myth of creation. For a... 8th - 10th English Language Arts Classical Greece - Alexander the Great and His LegacyLesson Planet If you are studying Ancient Greece, this presentation on Alexander the Great would be an excellent addition to your lessons. The PowerPoint is packed with information about Alexander the Great's contributions to Greek society, and what... 7th - 9th Social Studies & History Ancient Greek Culture and Plato QuizLesson Planet While your students are at their desks with a sheet of paper and pencil, you can project these PowerPoint quiz questions on the overhead screen. There are a total of eight slides and 15 short-answer questions about ancient Greece and... 6th Social Studies & History The Glory That Was GreeceLesson Planet Today we are going Greek! Provide the class with a clear and well-organized overview of all things pertaining to ancient Greece. From early Greeks and Homer, to the Persian Wars and great philosophers, this slide show has it all. Review... 6th - 9th Social Studies & History Music and Creativity in Ancient GreeceLesson Planet Take a fascinating look into the many ways in which music played an absolutely integral role in the culture of ancient Greece. Rooted in ancient Greek mythology and the common medium through which all core disciplines were taught and... 5 mins 6th - 12th Social Studies & History CCSS: Adaptable Introduction to the Civilization of Ancient GreeceLesson Planet Students explore Greece. In this introduction to ancient Greece lesson, students locate and circle the names of the bodies of water surrounding Greece, then underline the names of important cities in Greece on a world map displayed on a...	https://lessonplanet.com/teachers/ancient-greece-3rd-8th
In this course, you will learn how to incorporate interactive whiteboard activities into a variety of subject specific lesson plans. Explore how teachers have been using this technology to enhance their classrooms to engage their students. Throughout this course, you will have the opportunity to hear what current teachers have to say about interactive whiteboards; review educational theory that supports using a variety of technology in the classroom; create individual activities that can be incorporated into your existing lesson plans; and finally learn about the features that proprietary interactive whiteboards, such as SMART board, offer. Students will: In lesson one you will be introduced to the basics of interactive whiteboards (IWB). Through the reading assignments and video provided in your resources, you will gain an understanding of the purpose of integrating IWBs into the classroom and get first hand account of how teachers have been doing this in classrooms across the country. In lesson two, you will continue applying concepts and learning strategies using the interactive whiteboard to your own setting. You will have the opportunity to read research that supports the use of IWBs in the classroom and provides background material that details why technology should be incorporated into your lesson planning. Full steam ahead in applying these concepts to your own setting. You will review potential applications to a variety of subject matter and get a real world account through the resource articles and videos of teachers applying the IWB to their classrooms. You will also learn how to incorporate the IWB into lesson plans you have already developed and consider how varying learning styles can be accommodated with this technology. Next you are on to learning about advanced features and troubleshooting an IWB. The text, resource articles and video will provide a plethora of advanced use examples that can take your interactive classroom to the next level. Additionally, you will learn basic techniques to troubleshoot problems that can occur while using an IWB.	https://massasoitcommunitycollege.theknowledgebase.org/connect-anytime-online/catalog/course-description/Effective-and-Engaging-Use-of-Interactive-Whiteboards-in-the-Classroom/1346/123
The other day, the department secretary handed me next semester’s room assignment—and horror of horrors, I had been assigned a room without a computer. As visions of techno-barren future classes flashed in front of my eyes, it dawned on me how much I relied on the Internet in my community college EAP courses, one way or another, in nearly every class, every day. Masking my panic, I implored the secretary to find a “wired” room for me: a single Internet-connected computer and a projector. Later on, crisis averted, I thought about what using the Internet in class meant to me, and how the extent and purposes of that use were based on sets of variables that I subconsciously, yet regularly, chose from. Lesson Center or Supplement? On the other hand, a host of Web sites add depth and color to my lessons as multimedia supplements to the primary lesson plan. For example, Townsend Press has a reading skills Website where students practice academic reading strategies like identifying main ideas and supporting details. In addition, when I can’t think of just one more sample sentence for subject-verb agreement, I’ll hop over to Capital Community College’s grammar site for a fresh supply. If our textbook is skimpy on present-perfect exercises, English Pageprovides a source of interactive exercises. Homework help is another kind of supplement. Students can enter their own content and make multimedia flashcards at Virtual Flashcard. Providing supplemental background information is where the Internet is invaluable. For a grammar class, I illustrated a mini-lecture with on-line photos of the mummified body of Otzi the Iceman and his possessions (found in the Alps in 1991). The students needed background information to discuss the Iceman, practicing past modals in the process. In a moment of techno-gratitude, I realized that in pre-Internet days, I would have spent an hour slogging to the library, searching for photos to supplement just one part of that one class, or nearly as much time explaining the background without visual aids for a contextually weak activity. Language Learning or Non-Language Learning Site? A variable to consider in Website choice is whether to use sites created for language learners or sites for the general public. Colleges, instructors, and non-profit agencies have all contributed to the wealth of material written specifically for English language learners. For instance, the University of Iowa’s Phoneticspages have videos of mouthsarticulating all the sounds of English, and St. Cloud State University’s LEOhas detailed examples of writing, from resumes to thesis statements. Randall’s ESL Cyber Listening Lab, developed by instructor Randall Davis, is a collection of audio dialogues and comprehension exercises, and the non-profit agency Literacyworks sponsors Learning Resources, lessons based on multimedia news stories from CBS and CNN. However, with the hundreds of useful English education and ESL Websites on the Net, it’s easy to overlook the “authentic language” sites- the rest of the Internet, in other words. As with all authentic language resources, the task design, or how the material is used, determines its suitability for the ESL classroom. My colleague likes ChartsGraphsDiagrams.com for colorful graphics on a broad range of topics like health and climate for teaching the language of change and trends. I’ve had fun with the two minute mysteries at MysteryNet. Some have interactive graphics that reveal one clue at a time- wonderful for practicing the language of possibility and speculation. Another favorite authentic language site,the Museum of Unnatural Mystery, is a visually appealing array of cryptozoology, UFOs, archaeological oddities, and other bizarre, yet engaging topics, certain to spark student interest. I often select something from this Website to practice keyword note-taking and source citation. It’s much more entertaining than the dangers of second-hand smoke! HowStuffWorks, a site whose title is self-descriptive of its content, has cleverly illustrated articles like How Kissing Works and How Cults Work, as well as a host of mechanical and electronic how’s. Most articles work well as raw material for a process or informative essay or as a data source for a speech or PowerPoint presentation. In Class or Out of Class? Equipment constraint is a further variable of Internet use. Teachers without a wired classroom can still put together contextually rich Internet activities as long as students have Web access at home or in a lab. My intermediate class completes “listening journals” completely outside of class. I give weekly listening assignments from the Voice of America’s Special English broadcasts with instructions that include taking notes and writing a reaction. Students also participate in our class blog on their own time. Instructors can easily create a blog for free at blogger.com. In a recent writing class, students used a blog to complete a writing project. They posted their essays, and their classmates read and commented on them. The blog allowed students to read many more of their classmates’ work than they would have had time to read in class, and students took pride in seeing their own work “professionally published.” Student Tool or Teacher Tool? Teacher tools abound in the form of databases that provide the raw material for many creative lesson ideas. A-Z Lyrics Universe is a source for every genre of lyrics, oldies and modern, and the Internet Movie Script Database has all the words from films ranging from Casablanca to Harry Potter. Need composition or journal ideas? Georgia Techhas a few hundred! Worth 1000is a collection of unique photo- shopped images, perfect for prompts for dialogue invention, conversation, or writing. Still other variables for Internet use exist. Adapting or using a Web page as is, for example, or directing students to specific sites versus tasks that encourage Web exploration. All these variables show the range and scope of Internet usage for TESL—truly something for every instructor, no matter the level of the course taught or the desired lesson objective. About the Author Maria Spelleri is an EAP instructor at Manatee Community College in Florida, and has worked as a teacher trainer, literacy agency program coordinator, and ESL materials writer both in the U.S. and abroad. Currently she is authoring an on-line collection of creative classroom activities to accompany the Azar grammar series.	http://idiom.nystesol.org/articles/vol37-01.html
Information Resources for Research and Teaching Emory University provides a wealth of electronic information resources that are available to the law school community. These resources offer a significant supplement to the resources offered by the law school's library and information technology department. These University resources are available at the Robert W. Woodruff Library Center for Library and Information Resources (CLAIR). CLAIR is designed to bring together traditional library and electronic information resources in an integrated environment for the entire Emory community. Resources available at CLAIR include: - The Lewis H. Beck Center for Electronic Collections & Services - Established by the Emory University General Libraries in 1994, the Lewis H. Beck Center for Electronic Collections and Services promotes and supports the use of scholarly electronic collections by Emory University faculty, students and staff. The Beck Center actively acquires and makes available for research and instructional purposes the rapidly expanding corpus of full-text databases and multimedia titles which comprise electronic collections. - http://chaucer.library.emory.edu/ - ECIT - The Emory Center for Interactive Teaching - Emory's Center for Interactive Teaching (ECIT) provides expertice and facilities to assist Emory faculty with incorporating interactive multimedia technologies into the teaching experience. Since its inception in 1996, a wide array of technologies have been explored, including: Web site authoring, digital audio and video editing, electronic bulletin boards, virtual collaboration spaces, on-line testing/student tracking and various videoconferencing and teleconferencing systems. The Center's combination of these technology-based learning systems with support from its staff experienced in both technology and teaching has proven to be a successful mix. Services offered include Blackboard. - http://wcw.emory.edu/ - Electronic Data Center - Electronic Data Center was established in 1996 to support quantitative research in the Social Sciences by members of the Emory Community. Located in the Technology Centers (Room 217) in the Robert W. Woodruff Library, the Data Center provides researchers at Emory with access to a broad collection of numeric data, workstations with statistical and mapping software and a knowledgeable staff with expertise in data development and quantitative research. The Electronic Data Center at Emory University is one of a handful of full-service Data Centers among universities in the United States. - http://einstein.library.emory.edu - Multimedia and Videoconferencing Classroom - Emory College's videoconference facility is located in Woodruff Library's Technology Center, W217. The 25 seat conference room enables participants to conduct live, two-way or multipoint videoconferences with university faculty and students throughout the world. The system is available to deliver classes remotely and bring guest faculty lecturers to campus. - http://www.emory.edu/ITD/TR/Conferencing/ - The Multimedia Center - The Multimedia Center provides computer, multimedia and video facilities in a hands-on environment where customers work with images, audio, video and text. Our knowledgeable staff is on hand to help as you scan images, design a presentation, create a web page, edit audio or video clips or develop your own applications of new media technologies. One-on-one and group training is available in the Multimedia Center on a variety of software applications and resources. - http://www.emory.edu/ITD/LT/MMC/ Please refer to the listed websites for additional information about any of these resources.	http://www.elmer.teknoids.net/stories/2002/03/28/informationResourcesForRessearchAndTeaching.html
I was always curious why classical composers use names like this Étude in E-flat minor (Frédéric_Chopin) or Missa in G major (Johann Sebastian Bach). Is this from scales of this songs? Weren't they blocked to ever use this scale again? Why didn't they create unique titles? - Yes, they identify the scale, and no, that 'name' often isn't a unique name, and usually wasn't invented by the composer - see e.g. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tude_Op._10,_No._3_%28Chopin%29 – reinierpost Jul 11 '12 at 14:23 - 1I also think it likely there's a great deal more variation among keys in classical music, making the inclusion of the key in the title useful. In rock/jazz/pop/country you'd see an awful lot of the same key names, making it not very informative. Just my opinion. – wadesworld Jul 14 '12 at 22:37 - 1@wadesworld What? The variation has a very small upper limit: there are only twelve keys, in the major and minor flavor. Bach used up all of them in the Well Tempered Clavier alone. – Kaz Nov 14 '13 at 20:05 - 1To add to the good answers: Until well into the 19th century, most instrumental music was not performed in the modern "equal temperament" and the tonal structure of every key was different - and in the 18th century, often grossly different. So that fact that a piece was in E major or F major was not just a matter of a semitone difference in pitch. Transposing from one to the other would make it sound completely different. Composers used those differences intentionally, of course. – user19146 Jul 23 '15 at 20:51 Many classical composers frequently used this method that you stated. Bach wrote over 1120 pieces. Naming 1120 pieces, each with a unique name can be hard. Some were named for where they were performed e.g. the Brandenburg Concertos. It was also common for a composer to number his pieces of the same format. Eine Kleine Nachtmusik is also known as Serenade No. 13 for strings in G Major. The most common technique, however, was to name after the musical form and its key. Beethoven composed a Bagatelle in C minor. He then titled this piece Bagatelle in C minor. His well known Fur Elise is also referred to as Bagatelle No. 25 in A minor. Using a key did not prohibit a composer from using that key again (there are only thirty keys). Using a key did not prohibit them from using the same key on a work with the same form either. Bach wrote over thirty Prelude and Fugues. Four of these were Prelude and Fugue in A minor. They are now differentiated by their own BWV catalog numbers (assigned in 1950). Many pieces did have unique titles, but with the amounts of pieces the composers composed, unique titles were difficult to come up with. Also, most pieces had no lyrics. It is much easier to come up with a title when there are lyrics. So, they turned to this technique. It was used frequently during the Common Practice Period. Opus numbers are also used to number pieces. They only number published pieces though. Not all pieces a composer wrote would be published. Some works published posthumously are also given Opus numbers. Opus numbers are different from the catalogue numbers I mentioned before. Some composers have multiple catalogues of their works which can be confusing. - 1Most composers don't name their individual pieces. Bach didn't. – reinierpost Jul 11 '12 at 14:26 - 6@Luke: Thirty keys? – Ulf Åkerstedt Jul 13 '12 at 8:45 - @UlfÅkerstedt Yes, I say "name them"! – Widor Jul 13 '12 at 14:59 - 6I have to share a story here. I once worked as a church choir director in a church that asked to list the name of every piece the organist played. However it always went like this: She'd report "Sonata No. 2 in C Minor, BWV 526, Movement II, Largo, by J. S. Bach. But the church would always omit the full name and print in the bulletin: "The prelude is "Largo". The people in the church office actually thought that "Largo" was the name of the piece, not realizing that it's the tempo of the piece. They could never be persuaded to do any different. – user1044 Jul 19 '12 at 23:28 - 3 These are all good answers, but I'd just add a historical note. Composers before the time of, say Beethoven, composers like Bach and Mozart, often did not publish all or even most of their musical works, either because no one wanted them, or because they wanted to keep the pieces for their own use. The vast majority of Bach's music was not published in his lifetime, so there was little need to "name" the compositions. Often the names we use (Brandenburg concerto; Jupiter Symphony) were added later, as nicknames. Neither Bach nor Mozart left any definitive catalog of works (Mozart wrote up a list from memory late in life, as I recall, but he got things wrong). It was left to musicians and musicologists to find all the manuscripts, try to figure out what order they came in, give them some numbering system, and then publish them in large collected works editions. Most of this editorial work did not even start until well after the composers were gone, at the end of the 19th century. (This is where the letters and numbers after many 18th-ct. works come from: they are catalog numbers, like Mozart's K numbers, K being Koechel, the editor of the first Mozart edition, or J.S. Bach's BWV numbers [standing for Bach Werk Verzeichnis, or Bach Work Catalog in German]. Even Beethoven left a bunch of works unpublished at his death; they are in his collected edition with W.o.O numbers, standing for "Werke ohne Opuszahl" ["works without opus number"].) So, in his lifetime, Bach, like most composers, never needed to give distinctive names to most of his works, because most of them were never intended to be used by anyone but him. The full numbering of, say, Haydn symphonies was a real mess, because for most of his life, Haydn just wrote symphony after symphony for his patron(s), who owned them as absolutely as they owned paintings or sculptures they commissioned. When he got famous, some of "his" symphonies became well-known and published, but even those were likely to have been in short numbered sets of, say, six or twelve, like the so-called Paris (82-87) and London (92-104) symphonies. (I used to play four-hand arrangements of Haydn's late symphonies where the numbering started at 92, as if those were the only ones that mattered!) And, when I was a kid, there were supposed to be 104 Haydn symphonies; now we think he wrote at least 107, but do we renumber all the later ones to accommodate the very early ones we found? Heck no! Even more recent composers run into this problem. Bruckner wrote and published nine symphonies. But then, after his death, they found an early trial-run symphony that he wrote but never published, so they decided to call it Symphony No. 0 ("Die Nullte"). Then they found another one, so they called it (not Symphony No. -1, that would have been awesome), but Symphony No. 00. And so it goes... By "Classical", I assume you mean "not pop music" rather than the historical Classical Period specifically. The examples you gave weren't actually Classical composers (J.S. Bach was a Baroque composer; Chopin was Romantic). In Bach's case, his music was always very functional - it almost always served a purpose. As such, it made sense to give functional names to his works. Categorising pieces into a musical form and a key (Toccata & Fugue in D Minor) made much more sense than subjective sentimental titles like "Scary Atmosphere for a Haunted House", for example. Another reason was the sheer volume of works that these composers produced (Bach wrote over 1,100; Chopin a 'mere' 230 that we know of). Naming them all with something poetic would have been a task in itself! In addition, the majority of these functionally-named works were instrumental - if you look at their choral/vocal pieces, they are more likely to have alternative names, simply because having words in them means a title is easy to extract. Chopin wrote few songs, but one example is Smutna Rzeka (The Sad River) - no mention of musical form or key there. Similarly, Bach wrote many religious songs (Cantatas) without reference to form or key, e.g. Ach wie flüchtig, ach wie nichtig (Ah how fleeting, ah how futile). Compare these with modern music which is now predominantly vocal, i.e. pop songs - and you can see why we don't really need to name things with reference to form and key any more. The title is suggested by the lyrical content. So as ubiquitous as Justin Beiber may seem, he has a long way to go before he even equals a quarter of Chopin's output and hence he can still name his composition "Boyfriend" rather than "R&B Hip-Hop song in B♭minor". - 4Classical music refers to the compositions written in the Common Practice Period, which encompasses the Baroque, Classical, and Romantic eras. – American Luke Jul 11 '12 at 14:20 - 1You mean the opposite: he could still use "R&B Hip-Hop song in B♭minor" rather than having to use a more specific name such as "Boyfriend" . – reinierpost Jul 11 '12 at 14:25 - @reinierpost I meant the volume of his output is still small enough to spend time giving specific titles rather than functional ones. – Widor Jul 11 '12 at 14:34 - 2Or just by number - our songs typically don't get a real name until they get lyrics, so they are Metaltech #19, Metaltech #22, Metaltech #Eleventymillion etc. – Doktor Mayhem♦ Jul 13 '12 at 15:33 - 1@teodozjan: I don't think that not naming songs with the key is a sign of lack of music theory knowledge. There are plenty of very advanced composition that go by an unique name, for example in jazz. – Gauthier Oct 30 '12 at 11:26 The purpose of adding so much information is to insure the reader knows which work is in question. To make up a case, say we start with a Chopin Waltz. We could name the key - Eb, for example - but there could be more than one Waltz in Eb. To narrow it down, we might provide an opus number (when it was composed) or a date in the case of some more recent composers. What if there is more than one Waltz in that key and with that same opus number? We would need to know the number in the opus. This isn't a Chopin work but let's pursue the business to the end for an imaginary one - Chopin (composer) Waltz (title) in Eb (key) Opus 50 (order of when it was submitted for publication) No. 3 (to be specific), so Chopin's Waltz in Eb, Op. 50 No. 3. That's almost always enough information. If we need to be even more specific than that, perhaps the tempo could be sited, but I've never seen that occur. - I don't think this answers the question. By the time I'm talking about Chopin's Waltz, op. 50, no. 3, that already uniquely identifies the work. So, by your own argument, "In Eb" is redundant. And, sure, naming the key gives some information about what it will sound like, but so would stating the tempo and, as you say, that would be very unusual. So why is stating the key so standard? – David Richerby Aug 21 '18 at 12:57 Even in the context of rock and roll, coming up with names is hard. Gems like "A Simple Desultory Philippic" don't just grow on trees. You have to dig them up! There is some trend toward abandoning "names" in electronic music, where sometimes just the BPM will suffice. And of course, sound effects recordings. It'd be nice to get away with calling things "double-boogie 100 #3", "minor descending-bass rag 120 #2", "rock waltz #437". - I agree, I find that it kind of takes away from the "art" of it. The name can make it a bit emotionless (in the context of not hearing the piece). – user6164 Mar 4 '16 at 20:47 My guess is that a musical piece was just that, and did not need to be connected with other aspects as it is today. Music expresses very often non-musical feelings nowadays, for examples through titles (but not only). I don't think it was the case then, not to the same extent. We give very much importance to the name of a piece today, but there was no need to choose a name then, since that was not as important. I suppose that this changed when composers started to consistently express something else than just the music, through the music. Debussy's symphonic poems come to mind, but it surely started long before him. A simple answer is: because it works; it helps to reduce the number of matching pieces and there is a good chance, that it is unique then. For example Schubert: if you select "c major", just two symphonies remain, therefore a "little" or "great" is usually added. One easily recognises, that this naming is only possible at later times. The names came seldom from the composer itself, but were either invented later for easy classification or - more likely - by the publisher of the score, to have something like a "marketing brand" (often even against the will of the composer). Further sources are customer ordering or artist playing the piece (Goldberg-Variations, Diabellis variations contest), the town, where the first performance took place (Haydns London symphonies are a handful, so additional characteristics were needed, like "the clock" due to a rhythmic pattern in a middle movement). One has to remember, that in the days before radio and grammophone composers were simple responsible for producing music for banquets. I can imagine, that they were happy to have a piece finished and the score copied in time and did not bother for inventing a name.	https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/6688/why-is-the-key-included-in-classical-music-titles/7654
). N.B.: this differs from previous Notes practice (before 2014) of depending primarily upon musican names as found in NGD2 . Note, however, that if LC uses only initials for given names (as is common in Soviet-era publications, for example), full names may be spelled out for clarity. Some exceptions are noted in the Words, Names, and Phrases section. As a general practice, Notes drops patronymics from Russian names: Aleksandr Borodin, not Aleksandr Porfir'evich Borodin (as in LC Authorities ). One common exception, however, is Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky (use full name as in LC Authorities ). Any exceptions to the above are listed under Words, Names, and Phrases . Do not use "he or she," "s/he," or similar constructions for gender neutrality ( CMS17 , 5.250). Likewise, though "Many people substitute the plural they and their for the singular he or she . . . neither is considered fully acceptable in formal writing" ( CMS17 , 5.256). Rephrase the sentence to avoid these traps. CMS17 , 5.255, describes nine techniques for achieving gender neutrality. Full names of composers, musicologists, editors, and all other personages should appear at the first occurrence of the name in a text. Note, however, that first names may be dropped when preferable for stylistic reasons. Example: Many performers now reject editions of Bach cantatas with editorially imposed dynamics. In English, organizational, academic, civil, religious, and noble titles are capitalized if used immediately before a name , in which case they become part of the name. BUT , a generic term or title used alone in place of the name is normally NOT capitalized ( CMS17 , 8.19–33). Examples: President George Washington; but "George Washington was the first president of the United States" — Queen Elizabeth II; but The queen — "The Marquess of Queensbury left his calling card"; but "The marquess left his calling card"; — Sally Smith is dean of the College of Arts & Sciences. Conversely: "In references to works of drama or fiction, epithets or generic titles used in place of names are normally capitalized" ( CMS17 , 8.35). "Baritone Stefano Mandini, the first Count Almaviva in Mozart's Le nozze di Figaro . . . ."; & "When he first sang the Count in Figaro . . . ." For capitalization (or noncapitalization) of such titles in other languages , see the section on Capitalization . Russian publications often use only initials for authors’ and composers’ given names, and they often are authorized this way in Library of Congress Authorities . Given names may be spelled out in running text (they usually are found in parentheses in the authority file), but use only the initials if quoting a bibliographic citation. For names ending in s, x, or z, form the possessive by adding apostrophe + s ('s) ( CMS17 , 7.18): Saint-Saëns's Organ Symphony ( not Saint-Saëns') Berlioz's Nuits d'été ( not Berlioz') Notes regards the name of a chamber music performance organization as a personal noun, and the name of a large ensemble as an impersonal noun. Emerson Quartet, for whom the work was written; Chicago Symphony Orchestra, for which the work was written Use RISM Sigla volume or institutional Web site as the authority for the correct names (including upper/lower case) of libraries and other institutions. Note that names of foreign organizations are not italicized: Schwerin, Mecklenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv , not Mecklenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv . For geographical names, use MW11 , but use English form when it differs from that cited in MW11 (e.g., Cracow , not Kraków; Vienna , not Wien; Prague , not Praha).	https://www.musiclibraryassoc.org/mpage/notes_style_npp
In 1942, in the midst World War II, conductor Eugene Goossens of the Cincinnati Symphony approached Aaron Copland with a request to write a fanfare. As assistant conductor of Thomas Beecham's Queen's Hall Orchestra during the First World War, Goossens had asked British composers to write fanfares with which the orchestra would open each concert. He wished to repeat this gesture during the current conflict, and engaged 18 composers to write fanfares for the 1942-43 season; of them, only Copland's has stood the test of time. Goossens suggested to the composers that the works be titled after various allies and fighting organizations. Some of the fanfares included A Fanfare for Russia, by Deems Taylor, Fanfare for the Signal Corps, by Howard Hanson, Fanfare de la Liberte, by Darius Milhaud, and A Fanfare for the Fighting French, by Walter Piston; even Goossens tried his hand at one, a Fanfare for the Merchant Marine. However, when Copland finally chose the common man as his dedicatee after toying with the titles "Fanfare for a Solemn Ceremony" and "Fanfare for Four Freedoms," Goossens declared the work's final title "as original as its music." He then chose what he thought was a suitable special occasion for its premiere: March 12, 1943, near the time to file income tax. Copland is said to have replied, "I [am] all for honoring the common man at income tax time." Copland's fanfare is by now so familiar that it is difficult to assess what makes it so memorable. Copland himself knew he had something notable, and he uses the theme again in the final movement of his Third Symphony (1946). Certainly it evidences the strong, spare open-fourth and -fifth harmonies that were so integral to Copland's compositions during this "populist" period. It is also remarkably slow, for a fanfare: Copland marked it "Very deliberately." It begins with a call to arms from the percussion (timpani, bass drum, and tam tam), then we wait for a full measure as the tam tam dies away. But it is the heroic trumpet theme that draws us in, with both its majesty and energy. The theme is soon passed between trombones and tuba, and then horns and trumpets. With each repetition and additional voice it increases in grandeur, until the work closes with a crescendo in the percussion matched by a swelling chord in the brass. The whole is one of those happy works that seem so 'right,' it is as if the composer had discovered a force of nature and simply set it to paper. - Program note by Barbara Heninger Aaron Copland, Fanfare for the Common Man New York Philharmonic, James Levine, conductor Additional Resources:	https://www.umwindorchestra.com/single-post/2017/10/04/Aaron-Copland-Fanfare-for-the-Common-Man
I’m a regular contributor to the #ClassicsaDay feed on Twitter. At a speech in Poland on 7/6/17, the President said, “The world has never known anything like our community of nations. We write symphonies.” The next day #WeWriteSymphonies appeared on Twitter, citing all the non-Western — and non-white — composers who do indeed write symphonies. To celebrate composers of color, I used both hashtags in my feed for the month of September. The selections also seemed particularly appropriate for Black History Month. Below is annotated list for the first week of posts. Florence Price (1887-1953) Symphony No. 1 in E minor Florence Price was the first African-American woman to be recognized as a classical music composer. She was also the first composer of color to have their work played by a major symphony orchestra. Her Symphony in E minor was premiered by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra in 1932. It was the first of four symphonies she would write. George Walker (1922 – ) – Sinfonia No. 3 George Walker attended Oberlin Conservatory, the Curtis Institute of Music, and studied with Samuel Barber. Walker was the first African-American to win the Pulitzer Prize for music. Walker prefers writing sinfonias to symphonies. “Things that are overly embellished, or that are too rich, just don’t suit my temperament. The sinfonias are all extremely concise works,” he said in an interview. H. Leslie Adams (1932 – ) – Piano Etudes Leslie Adams has served as a music educator, composer, ballet pianist, and church organist. He’s most known for his vocal and choral music, but he’s written for all genres, including orchestral and chamber music. His Etudes for Solo Piano are some of his most popular works. William L. Dawson (1899-1990) – Negro Folk Symphony Trombonist William Dawson played with the Civic Orchestra of Chicago. He would later teach at the Tuskegee Institute. His 1934 Negro Folk Symphony was premiered by Leopold Stokowski and the Philadelphia Orchestra. Dawson is best remembered for his arrangement of spirituals (several of which he used in the symphony). Robert Nathaniel Dett (1882-1943) – My Cup Runneth Over Technically, R. Nathaniel Dett isn’t an African-American composer — he was born in Canada. Dett was one of the first composers of color to join ASCAP. He attended Harvard and studied briefly with Arther Foote. The majority of Dett’s catalog features singing — either solo vocal music or choral works. Ulysses Kay (1917 – 1995) – Symphony Although the nephew of King Oliver, Ulysses Kay wrote in a strict, neoclassical style. Kay one the Rome Prize and a Fulbright Scholarship which furthered his career as a composer. Among his works are five operas, the last premiered just four years before his death.	https://www.wtju.net/classicsaday-wewritesymphonies-annotated-list-week-1/
California Music and Symphony Director Donato Cabrera today announced that Viet Cuong has been selected as the orchestra’s new Young American Composer-in-Residence for the three-year period from August 1, 2020 to July 31, 2023. Launched in 1991, the intensely competitive Young American Composer-In-Residence program has been hailed as a “model for residency programs across the country” (Mercury News) providing outstanding emerging American composers with a unique opportunity to write orchestral music while working with a professional orchestra and conductor; and engage with the local Bay Area community over a three-year period. Born in Southern California and now living in Washington DC, Viet Cuong, 29, enjoys exploring the unexpected and the whimsical in his music, and he is drawn to projects where he can create particular combinations and enchanting sounds. or strangely satisfying. His works include a percussion quartet concerto, a tuba concerto, a snare solo and, more recently, a concerto for two oboes. Cuong is also passionate about bringing together different facets of the contemporary music community. Musical Director Donato Cabrera said: âEven among the large number of candidate composers this year, Viet was clearly the leader. I am extremely happy to share three new pieces by this talented composer with our Bay Area audience in the over the next three years. âCuong said,â It’s hard to express how thrilled I am to join the California Symphony community. and to refine his symphonic voice is to write a lot of orchestral music and hear him play. I am incredibly grateful for the opportunity to do all of this with Donato Cabrera and the musicians of the Symphony over the next three years. Cuong holds an Artist’s Degree from the Curtis Institute, an MA from Princeton University, and BA and MA degrees from the Peabody Conservatory. He is currently completing his PhD at Princeton. His background earlier includes ties to two former California Symphony Composers-in-Residence. Cuong studied with Kevin Puts (California Symphony Composer-in-Residence, 1996-1999) for his Bachelor of Music degree at the Peabody Conservatory, 2008-2011, and has was Associate Artist in Residence at the Atlantic Artists Center in 2014 under the direction of Christopher Theofanidis (Composer in Residence of the California Symphony Orchestra 1994-1996).“Viet music is always full of incredible invention and fun. Every piece I have heard of sparkles with color and great imagination,” said Christopher Theofanidis. Kevin Puts said: “It couldn’t be a better choice … His works are vibrant and dazzling, crafted with as much care and confidence as anything written these days. Kudos to Viet and I know that. he will produce great things for the California Symphony! âKatherine Balch is the current young American composer-in-residence of the California Symphony. Her residency ends this summer and her latest commission, Iluminate, a song cycle for three voices and orchestra will be premiered at the upcoming FATE AND FUTURE concerts, March 14 and 15, at the Lesher Center in Walnut Creek. Balch said: âMy residency with the California Symphony has been a dream come true. I am very grateful to the orchestra, staff, board of directors, and in particular Music Director Donato Cabrera, Principal Violin Jenny Cho and Senior Director of Operations and Education Sunshine Deffner, for putting so much love and care into my music and my growth as an artist over the past three years. It’s bittersweet to pass the torch , but I can’t wait to see what exciting music will emerge from Viet’s tenure with the Symphony. “Called “seductive” and “wildly inventive” by the New York Times, Viet Cuong’s music has been performed on six continents by musicians including SÅ Percussion, Eighth Blackbird, Alarm Will Sound, Sandbox Percussion, the PRISM Quartet, JACK Quartet, Orchestra of St Luke’s, Minnesota Orchestra, Kaleidoscope Chamber Orchestra, Jacksonville Symphony, and Albany Symphony, at venues such as Carnegie Hall, Lincoln Center, Kennedy Center, Library of Congress, and Midwest Clinic. Viet’s prizes include the Barlow Endowment Commission, ASCAP Morton Gould Award, Copland House Residency Award, Suzanne and Lee Ettelson Award, Theodore Presser Foundation Music Award, New York Youth Symphony First Music Commission, Cortona Prize, Walter Beeler Memorial Prize and the Boston Guitarfest Competition. . He has also received honorable mentions in the Harvey Gaul Memorial Competition and two consecutive ASCAP / CBDNA Frederick Fennell Awards. Viet has performed artist residencies at Yaddo, Ucross, and the Atlantic Center for the Arts, and has been a member of the Mizzou International Composers Festival, Eighth Blackbird Creative Lab, Cabrillo Festival’s Young Composers Workshop, Copland House’s CULTIVATE Institute and the Aspen and Bowdoin music festivals. He holds an Artist’s Degree from the Curtis Institute, an MA from Princeton University, and a BA and MA from the Peabody Conservatory. He is currently completing his doctorate at Princeton.Born in Southern California, Cuong grew up in Marietta, Georgia, where he attended Lassiter High School and was a member of the LHS Marching Bands and Orchestras. Growing up, he played piano, percussion and clarinet. He is a member of the BMI, the American Composers Forum, and the Blue Dot Collective, a group of composers focused on writing new, adventurous music for wind orchestra. Cuong’s website is at vietcuongmusic.com and his resume is available here.	https://jilliangoldin.com/california-symphony-announces-viet-cuong-as-new-young-american-composer-in-residence/
Which instrument would you play? Choose the violin, viola or cello and research and find a concerto written for that instrument from each of these eras. Make sure the dates of composition fit the era, however, there were many composers that lived in the 20th century that still wrote in a very romantic style! Baroque Classical Romantic 20th century 21st century Write an essay of 500 words or more and Include information about the form of each concerto, such as the number of movements it has and it’s titles, as well as the form of the individual movements. For example, does the 20th century composer use “Sonata Form” like the composer of the late 18th century (Classical Era). Did sonata allegro form exist in the Baroque Era? Of course include who wrote each concerto. At the end of the essay state whether this instrument was widely used in the Renaissance Era or if not what its predecessor was. Be precise, this essay is “genre” specific – do your research! part 2: â€œEroicaâ€ What would it have been like to hear a first performance of a Beethoven Symphony? We are going to watch a historically accurate account of the private premier of Beethovenâ€™s Third Symphony. What is really important is that you take the time to watch this movie and take in the performance. The performance is done by a small group playing period instruments of Beethovenâ€™s time. Notice the horns have no valves. A colleague of mine is the leader of the group. He is a great violinist but must not be a good actor â€“ given a chance for a line – he just grunts! Watch the movie and answer the following questions. Please write your answers in full sentences. Upload your document – the assignment is due Monday, May 3rd, by end of day. 1. In whoâ€™s home does this movie take place? 2. What is his relationship to Beethoven? 3. What does Beethoven mean when he says he is taking a â€œnew direction or pathâ€? 4. What is the relationship of the young man that accompanies Beethoven throughout the movie? 5. What is his name? 6. Who is the last guest to arrive? 7. This last guest, what does he say about the future of music â€“ what is the line? 8. At what time in the movie does each of the four movements start. Use the YouTube time stamp. 9. What are the names for each movement. They are Italian words indicating the feel and tempo. You will need to research this – Wikipedia is a good source.	https://essaybaywriters.com/ohlone-college-analysis-of-contemporary-violin-recordings-discussion-ra357241212/
Yuri Bashmet was born in 1953 in Rostov. In 1971 he graduated from Lvov special music school and entered Moscow conservatory. His teachers were professors V.V.Borisovsky and F.S.Druzhinin. Being a student, the musician became the laureate of International contests in Budapest (1975, 2-nd prize) and in Munich (1976, first prize). As a soloist Yuri Bashmet performs with the best symphony orchestras: Berlin Philharmonic, Berlin Symphony, New York Philharmonic, Bayrische Rundfunk, San Francisco Symphony, Chicago Symphony, Boston Symphony, Wiener Philharmonic, Orchestra Radio France. Specifically for Yuri Bashmet many modern composers write or dedicate the works to him (more than 50). Among them are: Alfred Schnittke, Edison Denisov, Mikaehl Tariverdiev, Sofia Gubaidulina, John Tavener, Giya Kancheli, Alexandr Tchaikovsky. Yuri Bashmet is the founder and the chairman of jury of the only one International contest of violist in Moscow, Russia. From the beginning of conducting activity in 1982 maestro Bashmet acknowledged his bright reputation of charismatic painter of today with pure taste and sense of style. Since 2002 Yuri Bashmet is the artistic director and chief conductor of State symphony orchestra «New Russia». Symphonic subscriptions of Bashmet in the central halls of Moscow open the scale of creative favors of the musician. Russian music, such as Tchaikovsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, Rachmaninov, Prokofiev, Shostakovich; European classic – Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert; modern authors – Schnittke, Gubaidulina, Kancheli. These masterpieces appear in perfect performance of the expert, who deeply knew the mystery of music language and artistic freedom. Movie and TV companies of different countries (England, France, Russia) filmed several movies about his creative work. His contribution to peace – making activity is difficult to overestimate. Deep social position of Yuri Bashmet in combination with his distinguished creative activity place his name in a row of the greatest names of the 20th century.	https://en.tatarstan-symphony.com/soloists/show/10
Composers Datebook: Andrew Boyson Below is the text and the audio link for Composers Datebook from Sunday, May 8. Andrew Boysen Jr.'s Symphony No. 1, a piece for winds, was the featured composition. Composers Datebook Audio-5/8/2011 On today's date in 1998, a new symphony for winds and percussion had its premiere performance at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. It was the first symphony -- and first major commission -- for American composer, Andrew Boysen, Jr., who was 30 years old at the time. "The piece was actually originally commissioned by my teacher at Northwestern, John P. Paynter," Boysen recalls. "Mr. Paynter was a very influential person for thousands of students who went through N.U., and he was also one of the most important figures in the development of wind literature in the U.S. during the second half of the 20th century. It was a huge honor for me to be asked to write something for him. It was also exciting because he told me to write whatever I wanted and it was my first commission from a real top-flight ensemble. That was what prompted me to try my hand at a larger scale work. "Unfortunately, Mr. Paynter died before I completed the piece. I stopped working on it because I wasn't sure what was going to happen. Eventually, his wife Marietta stepped in and made the commission happen. The premiere was conducted by Stephen Peterson, my other mentor at Northwestern." Boysen's symphony is in three movements, fast-slow-fast, each movement traditional in structure, but with a hint of Indonesian gamelan music in the symphony's middle movement.	https://www.umwindorchestra.com/single-post/2011/05/09/composers-datebook-andrew-boyson
When he died in 1827 aged 56, Ludwig van Beethoven left his 10th symphony unfinished. Only a few handwritten notes briefly detailing his plans for the piece have survived, with most just being incomplete ideas or fragments of themes or melodies. Now, a multidisciplinary team of computer scientists at Rutgers University-based start-up Playform AI have trained an artificial intelligence to mimic the great composer’s style and used it to write a complete symphony based on these initial sketches. We spoke to the lead researcher on the project, Professor Ahmed Elgammal, to find out more. How much of Beethoven’s manuscript was available to you to start from? Beethoven left sketches in different forms, mainly musical sketches, but also some written notes with some ideas in as well. Previously, in 1988 [English musicologist] Barry Cooper used the majority of these sketches, about 250 bars of music, that were meant for a first movement [in his attempt to complete the symphony]. But what was left behind is really very little. So basically, like three bars of music here and four bars of music there and some rough sketches, which sound like basically the starting points of the main themes in the movements that he [Beethoven] wanted to write. When you look at Beethoven and other classical composers, that’s usually the case. I mean, usually they work with a main theme and develop it into a sequence of a couple of minutes and then another theme comes. That’s the traditional way of composing, and that’s exactly what the AI needed to learn – how Beethoven and other classical composers start with a theme and develop it. Like in the Fifth Symphony – ‘da da da dah’. And then take that and evolve a whole movement around it. Read more about artificial intelligence and music: - Will AI replace musicians? - AI is about to shake up music forever – but not in the way you think - The hidden genius of Blob Opera – and how it could get even smarter So, say, you’ve got the theme like Beethoven’s Fifth. How do you train the AI to develop interesting melodies based on just the one motif? The way AI generates music in general is very similar to the way your email, for example, tries to predict the next word for you. So, when you write an email, you find it jumps into suggesting what you might want to write next. It’s the same concept, basically – the AI has to learn from a lot of musical data. It asks what would be the next note given what you just wrote? And if you can predict the next note, then you can predict the next note and the next note and so on. That’s the main concept. But what we soon realise is that if you start picking up the suggestions from the phone for next word and start writing just based on the AI’s suggestions, it doesn’t really hold for a long time. And that’s what happens with music. If you just give it a starting point and leave it to predict, yes, it can predict a couple of notes. But then after that, it becomes nonsense more or less, and is no longer faithful to the main theme. So that was the main challenge. How can we let the AI stick to the main theme and develop it? So this is where the role of the human expert working with the AI comes in. So we had to work with human experts to annotate and label a lot of music for us to tell the AI what the theme was and where the development of the theme was in a lot of pieces of music. So basically, the AI learnt as a student. That made a big difference because then the AI could really keep sticking to the theme. Also, the AI had to compose the music in a specific musical form. So if you are composing for a scherzo movement or a trio part of the movement or a fugue etc, each of these musical forms have certain specific structure. The AI also had to learn how to write a fugue, how to write a trio, how to write a fugue, and how to write a scherzo. Did you train the AI by listening exclusively to Beethoven or did you use other composers as well? It was very challenging because Beethoven only wrote nine symphonies. That’s a very small dataset compared to the scale of what the AI needed to do. So, the way we approached this was to first imagine ourselves like a young Beethoven learning about music. What he would have listened to? So, we trained our first version of the AI as if it was somebody living in the 18th Century listening to baroque music like Bach, as well as Hayden and Mozart. And so that was the first version of the AI, which basically would be the kind of music anyone living in that era would study to compose. And then we took that and trained it specifically on Beethoven – on old Beethoven sonatas, concertos, string quartets and the symphonies as well, so not only symphonies. We first trained the AI to generate the composition as two lines of music, not as a full symphony, which is a typical way of a composer works – by just composing first and then orchestrating. So then, we had another AI that would take that composition and learn how to orchestrate it. I believe this is very similar to the way humans learn – you cannot really master fourth-level college without going through the first and second and third levels first. It’s always incremental. How did you get the AI to take the melody that you created and then say ‘How would Beethoven harmonise this melody?’ The way we harmonise music is very similar to how we use AI to translate languages. Like when you use Google Translate or another AI to translate a sentence from one language to another. These kind of models used in translation learn a lot of background sentences. So, what is the sentence in German? What is the sentence in English? And from that, they try to learn how to translate them. So basically, imagine you have these models [for harmonisation]. You put the melody in one side and on the other side you put in how Beethoven would harmonise it so the AI learns how to translate a melody line into harmonised music. The thing about music is that it’s very structured and follows a lot of rules. But this is very hard for us to capture and write down. You really have to have a PhD in musicology with a speciality in Beethoven to really understand that. But the machine is able to capture that statistically and mathematically in a very implicit way and be able to use that to give us this harmonisation. I presume the orchestration is just a natural development of that process. You got it right. That decision is just an extension of the harmonisation. We wanted the machine to translate the composition into multi-track instrumentation, which we also did by training the AI based on how Beethoven and other composers would do so. What has the response been like from musicians and composers? Their response is really mixed. There are people who loved this very much, and love the idea of having an AI that understands music and can help you finish your composition or have you explore different musical ideas. But on the other side of the spectrum, there are people who just reject even the concept of being able to complete a Beethoven symphony using AI. They are afraid of AI taking their jobs and think that it has nothing to do with this kind of thing. Is it possible that we could get an AI to make a completely original work? Yeah. I have no doubt about that, we did that in visual art a couple of years ago where we developed an almost autonomous AI artist we had look at, let’s say, the last 500 years of western art. The task was basically to generate new artworks that didn’t follow any existing style. If the AI generated an impressionist or a Picasso kind of art or a Renaissance-style artwork, it could realise and so it would have to learn how to create something new. The challenge with this project was actually the constraints – the fact that the AI was not generating music by itself but generating music that is based on Beethoven’s genius and also following the sketches. This makes it even more difficult. The high bar, of course, of expectation was due to the sketches coming from Beethoven. But when it comes to generating music autonomously I think that’s an easier task. Listen to the symphony below: Read more about music:	https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/ai-beethovens-symphony/
RA ESCS Deputy Minister Ara Khzmalyan held a working meeting with the members of the Artistic Council of the Armenian Composing Art Festival. It should be noted that with the assistance of the RA ESCS Ministry the 13th Armenian Composing Art Festival was held on March 23-30 by the Armenian State Symphony Orchestra and the Composers Union of Armenia. During the discussion, the issues of the organizational and current activities of holding the festival, as well as the role and significance of modern composing art, rethinking, stimulating public interest in it with the creation of an appropriate environment were touched upon. According to Deputy Minister Ara Khzmalyan, the Armenian State Symphony Orchestra is one of the unique platforms where the works of our composers are periodically performed. He noted the importance of popularizing composing art with the direct participation of both musicologists and composers. It was noted that the festival, as a way of popularizing this art, must not only be the performance of the works of composers, it should be a platform for professional engagement, exchange of opinions, and public discussion. According to Sergey Smbatyan, Artistic Director and Principal Conductor of the Armenian State Symphony Orchestra, with corresponding resources, the festival can also be disseminated on international platforms, as today the world likes to listen to and learn about contemporary artworks. Issues related to the functions of the festival's artistic council, the expansion of the staff, the engagement of self-employed artists, the popularization of artists, and bringing the public closer to the composing art, were discussed at the meeting.	https://escs.am/en/news/12036
# Sinfonia da Requiem Sinfonia da Requiem, Op. 20, for orchestra is a symphony written by Benjamin Britten in 1940 at the age of 26. It was one of several works commissioned from different composers by the Japanese government to mark Emperor Jimmu's 2600th anniversary of the founding of the Japanese Empire (taken to be 11 February 660 BCE from birth of Emperor Jimmu). The Japanese government rejected the Sinfonia for its use of Latin titles from the Catholic Requiem for its three movements and for its somber overall character, but it was received positively at its world premiere in New York on 29 March 1941 under John Barbirolli. A performance in Boston under Serge Koussevitzky led to the commission of the opera Peter Grimes from the Koussevitzky Music Foundations. The Sinfonia is Britten's largest purely orchestral work for the concert hall. It was his first major orchestral work that did not include a soloist and, according to musicologist Peter Evans, marks the peak of his early writing in this idiom. Unlike many of Britten's works from this time, it has remained popular and continues to be programmed on orchestral concerts. ## History In the early autumn of 1939, Britten was approached through the British Council to write an orchestral work for a special festivity of an unspecified great power. Britten agreed in principle to this request, provided that he would not be expected to furnish a piece that was in any way jingoistic. Britten subsequently learned that the requester was Japan, whose government had requested works by composers from several countries to celebrate the 2600th anniversary of the ruling dynasty. At this point, Japan was engaged fully in its invasion of mainland China but had not yet entered World War II formally or become allied with Nazi Germany or Fascist Italy. It had also developed a firm acquaintance with Western classical music. Performing groups trained by Western musicians were numerous. Other Western composers who received commissions included Richard Strauss, who was directed to participate by Joseph Goebbels of the Nazi German government, and French composer Jacques Ibert. Along with the Western composers invited, several Japanese composers participated in the anniversary celebrations. Six months passed before the contract to write this work arrived. By this time, Britten had begun work on the Sinfonia. The delay in receiving the contract left him with only six weeks in which to fulfil the commission. The only work which Britten felt able to complete in time was the Sinfonia. In Britten on Music, the composer wrote that he then approached the local Japanese consul, discussed the work's nature and its suitability for the occasion for which it was intended, and told the consul of the Latin titles for the work's three movements. Britten assumed that all the information he disclosed had been forwarded to the Japanese ambassador. He wrote that he was subsequently notified that the Sinfonia would fulfill the commission satisfactorily. Britten completed the work, submitted it, and for six months heard nothing more about the matter. In the autumn of 1940, Britten was summoned to the Japanese consulate, where he was read a long letter from Viscount Hidemaro Konoye, who served as organizer of the celebration. The Viscount was the younger brother of Prince Fumimaro Konoye, the then prime minister of Japan. In this letter, the Viscount accused Britten, as Britten later wrote, "of insulting a friendly power, of providing a Christian work where Christianity was apparently unacceptable, that the work was gloomy, and so on". This section of the letter read, "We are afraid that the composer must have greatly misunderstood our desire ... has a melancholy tone both in its melodic pattern and rhythm, making it unsuitable for performance on such an occasion as our national ceremony." With the help of poet and fellow expatriate W.H. Auden, Britten replied in writing, "in as dignified a manner as possible", that his supplying a Christian work was no surprise, as he was a Christian and came from a Christian nation. He denied the alleged glumness of the Sinfonia and any intent of an insult, and said that the delay in receiving the contract had eliminated the possibility of composing a celebratory work within the deadline. Britten submitted this letter to the British consulate, which approved it and forwarded it to Tokyo. This was the last, he wrote, that he heard of the matter. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, relations between Britain and Japan were severed. Although the piece was rejected, the Japanese did not request the return of the commissioning fee. Instead, Viscount Konoye announced that Britten's score had arrived too late for inclusion in the celebration. ## Premiere and subsequent commission The world premiere took place in Carnegie Hall, New York on 29 March 1941 with the New York Philharmonic under John Barbirolli. The first British performance took place the following year, and its belated Japanese premiere was on 18 February 1956, with the composer conducting the NHK Symphony Orchestra. Not long after the New York premiere, Serge Koussevitzky conducted the work with the Boston Symphony Orchestra. This performance led to the Koussevitzky Music Foundations commission of Britten's opera Peter Grimes. ## Composition ### Structure The symphony is in three movements played without a break, and a performance usually lasts around 20 minutes. Britten's analysis, quoted in the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra's program notes, reads: As can be seen from the following examples, two themes provide unity between the movements. The first theme is echoed in the second and third movements, in differing tempi. In addition, the fourth theme in the second movement is modified as the opening of the third. The headings of the three movements are taken from the Roman Catholic Mass for the dead, but the composition has no liturgical associations. Britten described the movements respectively as "a slow, marching lament", "a form of Dance of Death" and "the final resolution". All its movements have D as their tonal center. ### Themes I. Lacrymosa II. Dies irae III. Requiem aeternam ### Instrumentation The score is written for 3 flutes (3rd doubling piccolo and alto flute ad lib.), 2 oboes, cor anglais, 2 clarinets in B♭, bass clarinet in B♭ (doubling E-flat clarinet), alto saxophone (ad lib.), 2 bassoons, contrabassoon, 6 horns (2 of these ad lib.), 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, bass drum, side drum, cymbals, tambourine, whip, xylophone, 2 harps (second ad lib.), piano, and strings. ### Anti-war tone According to Herbert Glass, Britten composed the Sinfonia da Requiem as a memorial to his parents. It was also an expression of the composer's lifelong pacifism and a reaction to the darkening political developments that led eventually to the Second World War. He had, in fact, recently settled in the United States because of Britain's involvement in the war. In an article published on 27 April 1940, he told the New York Sun, "I'm making it just as anti-war as possible ... I don't believe you can express social or political or economic theories in music, but by coupling new music with well-known musical phrases, I think it's possible to get over certain ideas ... all I'm sure of is my own anti-war conviction as I write it." Britten's politically themed works before 1939 had not proved popular. While his publisher, Boosey & Hawkes, had supported him in his composition, it had also tried to encourage him to write more conventional pieces, suggesting, for example, a piano concerto for the BBC and a ballet for Sadler's Wells. The war changed all this. Before the Sinfonia, the Ballad of Heroes and Advance Democracy did well because of their political themes. ### Place in Britten's canon Musicologist Peter Evans claims that, while Diversions for Piano Left Hand and Orchestra came afterwards, the Sinfonia represents the peak of Britten's early orchestral writing.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinfonia_da_Requiem
Pierre Boulez (born March 26, 1925) is a composer and conductor of contemporary and classical music. Boulez is also an articulate, perceptive and sweeping writer on music. Some articles ?notably the notorious ?Schoenberg is Dead? (1951)? were deliberately provocative and veered towards polemic. Others dealt with questions of technique and aesthetics in a deeply reflective if sometimes elliptical manner. These writings have mostly been republished under the titles Notes of an Apprenticeship, Orientations: Collected Writings, and Boulez on Music Today, as well as within reprints of the journal of the Darmstadt composers of the time, Die Reihe. Boulez is also world-famous conductor, having directed most of the world's leading symphony orchestras and ensembles since the late fifties. He served both as Chief Conductor of the BBC Symphony Orchestra from 1971-1975, and Music Director of the New York Philharmonic from 1971-1977. He is currently the Principal Guest Conductor of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. Boulez is particularly famed for his polished interpretations of twentieth century classics - Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel, Gustav Mahler, Arnold Schoenberg, Igor Sravinsky, Leoš Janá?ek, Béla Bartók, Anton Webern and Edgard Varèse - as well as for numerous performances of contemporary music. Clarity, precision, rhythmic agility and a respect for the composers' intentions as notated in the musical score are the hallmarks of his conducting style. He never uses a baton, conducting with his hands alone. His nineteenth century repertoire focuses upon Ludwig van Beethoven, Hector Berlioz, Robert Schumann and especially Richard Wagner.	https://payplay.fm/a29323-pierre-boulez
Accent on Performance Classical Collection - Tenor Saxophone Over the course of ten years, legendary young-band composers John O'Reilly and Mark Williams composed and arranged over 100 creative works that correlate with specific pages in their highly successful band method, Accent on Achievement. Alfred Music is now proud to make these arrangements available in a book format that includes 22 full arrangements in each collection. The Classical Collection includes authentic, carefully arranged music of the master composers from the Renaissance through the Romantic Period. Titles: Elizabethan Dances * Mozart Serenade and Dance * St. Anthony Chorale * Best of Beethoven * Ave Verum Corpus * Saturday at the Symphony * and 16 others.	https://engadinemusic.com.au/products/accent-on-performance-classical-collection-tenor-saxophone
Earlier this week, NPR broadcasted an illuminating story about an exhibit at the Library of Congress titled “Books That Shaped America.” For the exhibit, the LoC has gathered 88 books—ranging from Thomas Paine’s Common Sense and Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin to Dr. Seuss’s The Cat in the Hat and Carl Sagan’s Cosmos—which in some way “encapsulated and reflected a moment of time in America that Americans understood and recognized in themselves.” Historians, curators, poets, scientists, and literary experts all took part in the culling and selecting of the titles, and during the segment it doesn’t take long for the host to bring on a book critic from the Washington Post to point out what books did not make it onto the final list. In any case, a story like this immediately begs the question: “What about music?” One could argue that music has had as strong of an impact on this country and its people as books have had, and over the years there have been quite a few attempts at addressing that question. In 2000, for instance, NPR went through a similar process as the Library of Congress and put together an initial list of 300 works that they subsequently reduced down to the “100 most important American musical works of the 20th century.” On that initial list of 300, the selected concert works were as follows: 1. Adagio for Strings (Barber)* 2. African-American Symphony (Still) 3. Amahl and the Night Visitors (Menotti) 4. Appalachian Spring (Copland)* 5. Ballet Mechanique (Antheil) 6. Drumming (Reich)* 7. Ebony Concerto (Stravinsky) 8. Einstein on the Beach (Glass) 9. Fanfare for the Common Man (Copland) 10. “4:33” (Cage)* 11. Grand Canyon Suite (Grofe)* 12. Hymn and Fuguing Tunes Series (Cowell) 13. In C (Riley) 14. The Incredible Flutist (Piston) 15. Knoxville: Summer of 1915 (Barber) 16. Moby Dick (Mennin) 17. Nixon in China (Adams) 18. Piano Sonata No. 2 “Concord Sonata” (Ives) 19. Rhapsody in Blue (Gershwin)* 20. String Quartet No. 3 (Carter) 21. Susannah(Floyd) 22. Symphony No. 1 (Zwilich) 23. Symphony No. 2 “Romantic” (Hansen) 24. Symphony No. 3 (Harris) 25. Symphony No. 3 (Riegger) 26. Symphony No. 3 (Schuman) 27. Symphony of Psalms (Stravinsky)* 28. Symphony of Rage and Remembrance (Corigliano) * works that were selected for the 100 top works list During the NPR segment I mentioned above, they took several calls to hear about how this or that book affected a particular person’s life, and it’s here where I think this exercise might be valuable and/or enlightening. I’m gonna go out on a limb here and say that a very few of these pieces actually resonated with the majority of the country as a whole (Appalachian Spring is probably as close to a publicly recognizable national concert work as we have). However, I would think that at least a few of these works (and many others) were important in shaping the lives of individual composers and performers here in the U.S. today. To take that one step further, the idea of discovering what works of American origin have become shared experiences between American composers that transcend generation, education, and environment is an interesting one. Yes, one could rightly open up such an exercise to works from outside the U.S., but, as with the Library of Congress’s exhibit, there is value in discovering what effect art has on the native population where it was created—especially in such a heterogeneous population such as ours. We in the arts have prided ourselves on being so open to influences from around the world that I’m afraid we haven’t taken enough time to look at how we are affected, with certain exceptions (various popular/vernacular genres, etc.), by home-grown influences. When I speak of influences, there are many different ways that a musical work can influence a composer or performer. In my own career, I can distinctly remember listening to Michael Torke’s CD Javelin in 1996 and being very surprised by it, especially the chamber work Adjustable Wrench. I had primarily had experiences in jazz and I was living in Los Angeles becoming immersed in the film music scene, so my concept of what concert music was at that time was till pretty “crunchy.” After listening to the CD several times, I realized that all those angular, dissonant associations I had with concert music might not be the only option any more. Soon I came across other composers who were writing more diatonically—Lauridsen, Pärt, Gorecki—and while most of my music today has no relationship to any of those works or composers, discovering those works did ultimately help to convince me that I might want to try my hand at being a concert composer. Below are two questions to readers—feel free to answer either one or both. I’m not looking to create a ranking or a “Best Of…”, but rather to begin to build a picture of which American works have been influential to composers and performers active today. Thanks in advance for taking part! 1. What American concert work or works have somehow influenced you personally, artistically, or otherwise? 2. What American concert work or works would you add to NPR’s list of music that you think has had an important impact on the country as a whole?	https://nmbx.newmusicusa.org/to-shape-a-nation/
When you think about the best video games you’ve ever played, they all share a few things in common. The title had some fun gameplay components to it, there were challenges to face, and the soundtrack was incredible. Here are some of the most notable names in the industry who have helped shape players’ experiences over the decades. Who Are the Best Video Game Composers of All Time? 1. Yuzo Koshiro Koshiro’s list of composition accomplishments is massive. He’s a self-taught artist who made “Street of Rage” become the iconic title it was with his 16-bit magic. 2. Koji Kondo Although Kondo’s is often remembered for the music incorporated in the arcade version of “Punch-Out!,” the titles he has influenced over the years are like a top 10 list of the best video games ever released. He’s on Mario Party, Starfox, The Legend of Zelda, and Super Mario Brothers. 3. Jeremy Soule With over 60 titles to his credit and growing, you’ve heard Soule’s work if you play lots of fantasy games. His best work is arguably on the Elder Scrolls series, where he handled the soundtrack for Skyrim. 4. Manami Matsumae Although most people don’t know the name of this composition queen for video games, they’re familiar with her work. She’s the creative genius behind the Mega Man soundtrack. You’ve also heard her work on everything from Dragon Quest Swords to Carrier Air Wing. 5. Martin O’Donnell If you’ve played anything from Bungie Studios, you’ve heard the work of this composer. He worked on the soundtrack for the Halo franchise before hopping over to the Destiny team to create inspired work there. When you hear his work in the game, you’d swear a symphony should play it. What are some of your favorite video game tracks from over the years?	https://composerfan.com/?p=20
Classical music is not easily quantified. And not without good reason. A beautiful violin sonata or exhilarating symphony finale are much better described in subjective qualitative terms than some scientific measurement. But numbers can occasionally provide context for ongoing conversations in classical music or highlight trends – such as how often music by female composers is performed – that might not have otherwise been noticed. To explore those trends, the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra gathered data on the 2014-15 seasons that have been programmed by 21 major American orchestras. The orchestras were selected based on size and operating budget. We created a database with most concerts and pieces — excluding pops or family concerts — that these orchestras will play during the coming season. For those pieces performed, the data tracks the number of performances a given piece will receive, the composer, a piece’s composition date, soloists, the composer’s nationality, gender and whether the composer is living. During the next few weeks, we will publish a series of stories and analysis revealing the trends we’ve spotted, including the most performed pieces of music and what the gender gap in female composers means. Collectively, the 21 orchestras will perform more than 1,000 different pieces in part or full by 286 different composers a total of almost 4,600 times. 9.5% of all pieces performed are written since the year 2000. The average date of composition of a piece performed during the year is 1886. A little more than 11% of the works performed are from composers who are still living. German composers account for more than 23% of the total pieces performed, followed by Russians (19%) and Austrians (14% — in large part due to Mozart). The orchestras included are the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, Boston Symphony Orchestra, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, Cleveland Orchestra, Dallas Symphony Orchestra, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, Houston Symphony, Los Angeles Philharmonic, Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra, Minnesota Orchestra, National Symphony Orchestra, New York Philharmonic, Philadelphia Orchestra, Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, San Diego Symphony, San Francisco Symphony, Seattle Symphony Orchestra, St. Louis Symphony and Utah Symphony – Utah Opera.	https://www.bsomusic.org/stories/the-2014-15-orchestra-season-by-the-numbers/
The Metropolitan Orchestra’s Composer Development Program gives eight NSW composers not yet established, the rare opportunity to collaborate with professional musicians and conductor in three unique stages spanning four and a half months, culminating in a recorded orchestral workshop. The program will allow participants to firstly review and prepare their scores with conductor prior to a workshop with small ensemble comprising principal players of TMO. After receiving verbal and written feedback, as well as receiving their parts marked with corrections and observations to assist with further edits, four composers will be selected to further workshop their piece with full symphony orchestra, receiving a recording of their composition. This is a unique opportunity for composers to extensively workshop and develop their composition and overall craft within a professional context. In addition to the invaluable nature of the workshop itself, one or more pieces will be selected for inclusion in The Metropolitan Orchestra’s flagship MET CONCERT series and one composer may receive a COMMISSION from TMO to write a new work for the following season. Furthermore, following the program, TMO will create and distribute a package consisting of the recording and score of each finalists’ work to other Australian orchestras, introducing these new works for potential programming. Keep a watch on our social media and e-news for new information regarding the next Composer Development Program.	https://www.metorchestra.com.au/about/artist-development-program/cdp2016/
I'm Back! I know it has been an incredible amount of time since I have posted. There has been so much going on that I haven’t had the opportunity to sit down and think – much less blog. But, I’m back, so let’s catch up. (Normally, I hate posting my “news,” but since it’s been so long since I’ve posted, I’m going to share the news!) The first truly exciting thing is that the Houston Press honored Opera Vista with their 2010 MasterMind Award for our artistic creativity and innovation in adding to the Houston cultural landscape. I don’t know whether I can tell you how honored we were to receive this award. Like any other start-up business, the first few years are difficult – there is a challenge around every corner. Now, tack on the fact that we are a non-profit organization that depends on your donations, and it makes starting a new company a bit more complicated. Through it all, with amazing personnel and great support from the Houston community, we’ve been producing innovative and creative opera. To receive an honor like the Houston Press MasterMind at an event that focuses primarily on the arts, their Artopia gala, we were truly over the moon. We’re also gearing up for the 2010 Opera Vista Festival and the 2010 Vista Competition. It’s going to be a really interesting festival. For those of you who haven’t been (but I am sure are already planning on going – March 20 to 27, 2010), the festival’s primary focus is the Vista Competition. It’s an American-Idol-style competition for new opera. Composers from all over the world submit new works, and we narrow the submissions down to 6 or 7 operas. We bring in an expert jury (think Simon, Paula, and Randy – but in Opera form). We then perform a short excerpt from each opera, the jury then comments on the selection – with the composer standing right there. Then you, the audience, votes for the opera that you would like to see us perform in its entirety. I'm off to be on a grant committee for the Texas Commission on the Arts, so in the next few days, I'll write a bit about that. In the next few weeks, I’ll write a bit more about the works in the competition and new opera in general. I will also be going out of town towards the end of the month to conduct the Yakima Symphony Orchestra in Yakima, WA. It should be a fun trip since I’ll be conducting some truly great music – the “big piece” on the program is Beethoven’s Symphony no. 7, so I’ll also be writing a bit more about that in the next few weeks!	http://www.viswasubbaraman.com/viswa-subbaraman/2010/02/03/im-back
A rarity amongst Sydney’s fickle fashion scene, designer Hannah McNicol eschews beach culture for a European aesthetic. Hannah McNicol is not afraid of a challenge. At just 33, her journey has catapulted her from the tidy streets of Canberra to the dizzying heights of international fashion in Milan before depositing her back in Sydney amongst the boutique-dotted laneways of Paddington. Bumps along the road have been embraced with an unwavering determination, and it appears McNicol may be nearing the home stretch. We meet at her home in Paddington – a magnificent white terrace that also houses her studio and eponymous store, which opened in February. The current collection on display comprises beautifully constructed, almost architectural, pieces in dark shades of felt and silk. Dressed in skinny jeans and black boots, with her dark curls loose around her shoulders, McNicol is accompanied by her blonde-haired, chattering son Remo. She appears jubilant discussing her new store. “At the opening night I said to everyone, ‘This has been a 15-year dream to get to this point’, so sometimes I need to pinch myself a bit.” McNicol’s sartorial journey may have officially begun when she left school at 18 but the seeds were sewn early. Taught to use a sewing machine by her grandmother when she was 10, she knew from that point that she wanted to be a designer. “I always knew at school that I was kind of lucky because I knew what I wanted to do,” McNicol says. So after high school it was an easy decision. McNicol chose to study fashion at the prestigious Whitehouse Institute of Design much to the dismay of her father, a doctor, who was bent on his daughter studying law or at the very least getting a ‘proper’ degree. “I said to him, ‘You’ve just got to trust me, it’s not going to be about the piece of paper, it’s going to be about the portfolio that I can show people.’ There were a couple of tense weeks, and then he embraced it and now fully embraces it. He’s probably my biggest fan. Both my parents are still there behind me.” Success at the Whitehouse led to a scholarship to study fashion in Italy, and McNicol remains grateful for the grounding that training provided. “If you learn the grammar of something, then you can learn how to turn it into slang. In a language, if you can speak correctly then you can be creative with it afterwards,” she says. But the move proved to be a difficult rite of passage. McNicol found herself juggling freelance work in Italy with gigs in a boutique, a bar and a nightclub. “My first 18 months looking for a job was probably the toughest, toughest time of my life. I was absolutely poor. I thought, ‘This is all too hard, I think I just need to give it all up.’ And then it just all fell into place,” she recalls. What fell into her lap was a job offer at luxury Milanese fashion house Costume National, her first major break. It led to McNicol staying in Italy for eight years before returning to Australia five months pregnant with Remo in 2004. She was soon informed by recruitment agencies that after almost a decade in Italy she was unlikely to find a job in the Australian market. “That was probably what spurred me on to do my own label. Because if I get a little bit of an ante I go, ‘All right, I’ll do something better then!’” she says. So the Hannah McNicol label was born. Happily, it was quickly met with praise from the notoriously fickle fashion industry. “It’s interesting, you can see your popularity or someone else’s rise and fall overnight because of success that’s given by the press. I’ve seen how quickly, when you’re not the next big thing, a whole lot of people disappear around you as well.” The label first showed as part of a group show in Melbourne in 2005 and enjoyed widespread acclaim, including a write-up in British Vogue proclaiming her “one to watch”. “After that it was floods of phone calls, people wanting a piece of it, and then it all just sort of fades away. I feel like I’m sounding bitter, which I’m completely not. I’m very realistic about the scene and how it operates. It’s a tough industry ultimately and you do it because you’re passionate, and you keep doing it because you keep loving it.” McNicol’s time in Milan didn’t quite prepare her for this part of the business; she concedes the Italian fashion industry is poles apart from Australia in many respects. “It’s a real business so you don’t feel the whole fanfare that goes on. Here it’s about the cool element, and that’s fine as well. You’d never see an Italian walking around in Havaianas in the middle of Milan, whereas here in Sydney if you’re not wearing them then you’re not cool. Italy is probably a bit more high fashion.” At Australian Fashion Week this year, McNicol was impressed by a handful of designers for whom simply producing what’s ‘in’ does not usurp high fashion ideals. “Dion Lee, his show was so, so beautiful. I‘ve never seen a fashion show where so many people were bawling their eyes out afterwards. The other one that really wowed was probably Romance [Was Born]. They really push ideas in a whole new direction,” McNicol says. “There are few true, true designers here in Australia. “I would call a lot of people ‘adaptors’ not designers. It’s a question of looking at the trends in magazines and then reproducing that. But where there’s a true sense of self-aesthetic, I don’t think you can be inspired to create a collection by somebody else’s clothes. Your inspiration must come from within.” For McNicol, inspiration is drawn from the art world, particularly Renaissance art and 18th century tailoring; the abstract, such as moods and dreams; and often the downright unusual. “There have always been elements of the macabre that I enjoy. I tend to look at things that are macabre and then try and translate them into something that’s actually aesthetically beautiful,” she explains. “My dad’s a doctor and looking at his old books of operations … I’m a bit loath to head too much into that because I know it can scare people off, but there’s definitely an element of the slightly twisted.” Quirks aside, McNicol is essentially interested in creating beautiful garments that empower women, clothes that, she says, “can make you feel a certain way and can make you walk a certain way”.	https://www.shorelife.com.au/la-bella-figura/
Growing up in Ghana, it’s impossible not to find yourself immersed in fashion. An endless stream of colours and fabrics is a constant presence; there’s a palpable affinity for design and style. Every day, on my way to primary school in Cape Coast, I’d walk through the city’s market, which was like wandering through the world’s most beautiful textile museum. There were shops and stalls, sure, but there were also living exhibits. There were the stylish women selling kaba, and the wide-eyed customers who perused the photo catalogues and prints for inspiration for what to wear to an upcoming event or Sunday church service. These memories are a lasting reminder of your senses. We now value our local market, rather than copying the west. After graduating from university in 2006 with a degree in statistics and economics, I returned to my university experiences in 2006, where I experimented with screen-printed T shirts before discovering embroidery. I left the United States to study fashion design almost a decade later. Unbeknown to me, I had enrolled in a fashion-merchandising programme, which would later lead to an MA in fashion design. Perhaps stimulated by my background in economics, I found the unintended pathway piqued my interest in fashion’s global supply chain. I realized quickly that I wanted to be a part of the rich tapestry African fashion and help the next generation of designers make an impact on their respective economies. It is constantly changing how young people dress and design here. It’s part of a wider reimagining at the intersection of culture and history, which is seeing Africans questioning their identity. My full name is Kenneth Kweku Nimo. Ken is easy to pronounce for people not from my culture. If I had my way, I’d just be Kweku Nimo. Young Ghanaians are increasingly abandoning the Christian names that were forced upon them by colonial rule and adopting the traditional names of their communities and cultures. You can’t help but question what else was lost when Africa was subject to imperialism. That is why this new generation is also changing the way they think about what they wear, and how it’s made. This intersection between identity, colonialism, and fashion in Africa has been around for a while. My hometown of Cape Coast was a major location in the transatlantic slavery trade. Colonialists didn’t just violently export African people, they brought with them clothes, textiles and luxury items. The effects of these imports can still be seen in the way we dress today. Red alert: Imane Ayissi’s Madzang collection AW21.Photograph by Imane Ayissi/Quercus Editions White European women welcomed missionaries to Africa, teaching them dressmaking and needlework. After the end of colonial rule, cultural activism was a key part of Africa’s rebuilding. Kwame Nkrumah (the first president of independent Ghana) announced the birth of an African, not in a suit like might have been expected but in a traditional smock, the fugu. Nkrumah’s ideology of freedom transcended being unshackled from colonial rule to encompass the reclamation of an African identity. Nkrumah’s impeccable style and proficiency in the semiotics of fashion were unparalleled, as he aptly adopted indigenous clothing styles in a repertoire of diplomatic gestures. Nkrumah was seen wearing a kente cloth, a symbol of forgiveness, when he danced alongside Princess Marina, the Duchess from Kent, at the grand presidential balls. He also stimulated the fashion industry through import-substitution policies and sponsored Ghana’s first professionally trained designer, Chez Julie, to study in Paris. In the 1990s, he was a leading Ghanaian designer. Kofi AnsahThe globalization of modern African fashion was a key factor. Fashion was the catalyst for a new identity for a continent that had suffered from centuries of European acculturation. Flower power: Thebe Magugu’s floral bomber.Photograph by Courtesy Thebe Magugu/Quercus Editions Today’s new cohort of designers is going a step further – not just questioning western dress forms, but searching for and breathing new life into lost aesthetics, craft and processes. This phenomenon is aided by pop culture and social media. Instagram accounts that feature restored photos of sitters from old films serve as inspiration for contemporary designers. Today’s designers breathe new life into lost aesthetics, craft and processes Africans were denied access to their own resources under colonial rule and limited in their ability to grow businesses. The importation of European textiles was favoured by the ruling class, which helped their national economies. However, this led to the systematic dismantling and replacement of existing infrastructure. Contemporary designers are challenging the odds to overcome the historical challenges that have plagued textile and apparel supply chains since colonization. They do so through innovation, research and a relentless pursuit for excellence. The vanguard of contemporary African designers is moving away from the cliché of African prints to adopting and valorising indigenous textiles. Imitative prints from Europe began to appear in the late 18th century and quickly became popular. These imitation prints were not actually from Africa, but from places like Manchester and the Netherlands. Now, there’s a scepticism about these materials, with designers critical of their origins. These may have been the garments worn by their grandparents, but the new generation is looking back and choosing locally woven textiles to create their collections. And, rather than replicate what’s happening in the west, we value our own local market. We create for our local market and proudly export to a global audience. No longer are mood boards made up of images from London and Paris fashion week runways. Instead, inspiration and references are provided by African images, whether they are for couture or everyday wear. Shining example: Adele Dejak’s Dhamani Maureen neckpiece. Photograph: Courtesy Adele Dejak/Quercus Editions There’s Nigerian designer Tokyo James applies impeccable Savile Row tailoring to aso-oke fabric. Kente GentlemanIvory Coast produces exquisite modern suits made from hand-woven, kente cloth. Capetown-based Lukhanyo MdingiThe Karl Lagerfeld Award was won by a renowned designer from Cameroon, who champions the use of indigenous materials and fashion production. Cameroonian designer Imane AyissiHe is internationally renowned for his dexterity in textiles, such the akwete and faso-dan fani, while South African brand Maxhosa AfricaThis article explores the colorful beading, handpainting traditions of isiXhosa. Designers are working closely with producers across the continent to support historical processes and local industries. These designs are high-fashion and modern, but also show a deep respect for our cultural heritage.	https://fashiondaysoutfits.com/the-designers-kickstarting-africas-style-revolution-fashion/
Model Mitchell Webb-Leifi backstage at the 2019 LPFW. Pacific fashion on a global stage: London Pacific Fashion Week By Ceridwen Spark 11 October 2019 It is September in autumnal London and I am sitting on the floor outside the lifts on the top floor of the New Zealand High Commission in Haymarket. With me, are three CHamoru* designers and a make-up artist. We’re talking about their involvement in London Pacific Fashion Week (LPFW) for my research on Pacific fashion. Nearby, the ‘Penthouse’ floor of the ‘High Comm’ is abuzz with loud music, excited models, designers, fashion photographers and diplomatic staff. All of us are attending LPFW’s media launch and the ‘bula bar’ is in full swing. Now in its ninth year, LPFW is run by Fijian-born London resident, Ana Lavekau. One of the designers described the dynamic Lavekau as a ‘force of nature’ and this is apt. Having served in the British Armed Forces, Lavekau started the event as a charity fundraiser in 2012. Since then it has grown, attracting emerging and established designers from places as far as the Cook Islands, Papua New Guinea, American Samoa, Tahiti and for the first time ever, Guam. Jessica, Roldy, Roquin and Clay are the first CHamoru at London Pacific Fashion Week. Together they formed Guma’ Ge’la (House of Difference), described on their ‘GoFundMe’ page as ‘an inclusive collective with a mission to cultivate and innovate the CHamoru culture through interdisciplinary artistic expression.’ As the four describe their journey to be here, it is apparent that their adventure in London is about much more than fashion. Roldy Aguero Ablao, one of the designers, explains: ‘As artists, we ask how do we tell our own stories? What does CHamoru-ness look like today? That’s what we’ve all been exploring together. We fight against this idea of ‘authenticity’, like, is it CHamoru, does it look CHamoru? But then we’re like, what is CHamoru?’ Roldy’s question gets to the heart of what participating in fashion means for the Pacific Islanders I have spoken with over the last twelve months, all of whom emphasise cultural identity and belonging. Together, over the next few days, we collectively appreciate the weaving, shells, patterns and colour of the Pacific evident in the designs on which they have worked so hard. It is also clear that drawing on and remaking ‘tradition’ is important not only for the designers but also for their families and communities. As Mitchell Webb-Leifi, a model of mixed Samoan, Indigenous Australian and French descent says, his Dad raised him to be deeply connected to his Samoan culture and for him ‘it’s really important to always own that’. Similarly, Tasha, who grew up in the Cook Islands and now lives in London, worked with her daughters and friends to create her one-off collection called U’anga, meaning ‘descendants’. She describes the shared enterprise as being about ‘passing on our culture and knowledge’. While emphasising connection with their Pacific origins, families and culture, the designers weave the traditional and contemporary in their designs. They talk about giving things a ‘new twist’ or ‘spinning’ them to create hybrid garments and jewellery designed to be distinctive in a global market. Such remaking is also helping to create a safe space for LGBTQI designers, allowing them to ‘bridge’ the gap between their sexual or gender identity and the expectation that they conform to strict cultural mores. Roberta Laumoli, whose line ‘FierceFashionbyRL’ was a huge hit at this year’s LPFW, says: ‘we [fa’afafine] find it very easy in the fashion industry to show who we are and to have that sense of belonging by using the talents that we are blessed with.’ As in the Pacific itself where they invest in supporting many of the local fashion shows, the Australian and New Zealand governments financially support LPFW, as part of their investment in the creative enterprises. In London, the Australian and New Zealand High Commissions take it in turns to host LPFW and provide funds to cover the costs of hiring a venue for the main show. Lavekau describes the High Commissions as her ‘backbone’. Most people are used to the idea of development money being spent on roads and hospitals, even on changing ideas, such as programs designed to address gender equity. Some may question the use of aid money to support the creative industries, let alone fashion events. But the efflorescence of fashion shows in the region and beyond demonstrates that fashion and design is one of the emerging areas for growth in the Pacific. And the conversations I had at LPFW suggest that this ostensibly shallow world is anything but for the Pacific Islanders who are entering it in increasing numbers. Rather, the catwalk and world of fashion and design more generally provides a space in which to make political and inclusive statements about what it means to be an indigenous Pacific Islander today. *CHamoru are the indigenous people of Guam About the author/s Ceridwen Spark Ceridwen Spark is a Senior Lecturer in Global, Urban and Social Studies at RMIT University in Melbourne. She conducts research on gender and social change in the Pacific.	https://devpolicy.org/pacific-fashion-on-a-global-stage-london-pacific-fashion-week-20191114/?print=print
The Dead Cigarette brand was born from an idea of two friends who met at art college in Arezzo,Tuscany and now, years later, wish to express their creativity through the world of fashion, in particular by creating artistic designs printed in an artistic serigraphy on made in Italy t-shirts. What do you have in mind when designing the collections? There is nothing in particular that we focus on because that would be like putting blinkers on; for us the important thing is to look for inspiration and to create the material only when we feel really inspired. The mind must be free to range without limits. Don’t let you be affected by fashions dictated by others, be everyone artificer of his fashion.	http://www.ninunina.com/blog/2012/03/21/dead-cigarette
As part of London Fashion Week AW17, the International Fashion Showcase 2017 hosted a Local/Global themed event at Somerset House, with each of the countries exhibiting featuring the work of their emerging designers, and highlighting different aspects of their rich cultural heritage, with a contemporary twist. In the foyer of the West Wing Galleries was a mini exhibition within the showcase , called Next in Line, which was curated by MA Fashion Curation alumna Shonagh Marshall. This display featured designs from, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, the Netherlands and Panama. This part of the display showed personal interpretations of diverse cultures and local techniques, with reflections on universal experiences. The result is a rich and valuable conversation about what it means to be a fashion designer and a global citizen. BA (Hons) Fashion Illustration alumna Alina Zamanova’s work also appeared, printed onto fabrics for the Ukrainian offering at the IFS. In Wish You Were Here the designers sought to find a place to pause, reflect and prepare for the new journeys that emerge from their experiences. For the second year running LCF alumni Sabry Marouf (MA Fashion Artefact and MA Fashion Entrepreneurship and Innovation) also appeared at the showcase, with their collections reflecting on cotton’s lifecycle – from seed to harvest, thread to garment, farming women to global consumers. Congratulations to all of the LCF alumni who impressed IFS audiences once again. We look forward to coming back again next year, to celebrate global fashion talent.	https://www.arts.ac.uk/colleges/london-college-of-fashion/stories/international-fashion-showcase-2017-localglobal
Chef Prin showcases one of his favourite recipes for “Kaeng Kae,” a northern Thai-style jungle curry with dry beef and herbs. Chef Prin Polsuk is co-founder of Samrub For Thai (Samrub Samrub Thai), a restaurant in Bangkok’s old town where guests can experience traditional Thai food while gaining a better understanding of the country’s culinary history. Chef Prin previously worked at Nahm, the Michelin-starred Thai restaurant in London founded by Chef David Thompson. Chef Prin later served as head chef at Nahm in Bangkok, where the restaurant was honoured as one of the World’s 50 Best Restaurants and earned a Michelin star. Despite his international experience, Chef Prin here walks us through one of his favourite home-cooking recipes, for “Kaeng Kae,” a northern Thai-style jungle curry with dry beef and herbs. Passed down from his grandmother’s generation, the recipe includes a mix of whatever meat you can find (generally dried beef) along with wild and local herbs and vegetables. The result is a harmonious hot and spicy dish. Chef Prin says the dish is special because you can use whatever herbs or seasonal vegetables you have at hand. This demonstrates the variety and versatility of Thailand’s local ingredients. Chef Prin draws his culinary inspiration from his family, who are originally from Chiang Mai, where his grandmother and mother cook delicious northern Thai food daily. Paste ingredients (add as much as desired for each): - Dry Chillis - Galangal - Lemongrass - Shallots - Garlics - Prickly Ash - Shrimp paste Directions - Use a mortar and pestle to mash the paste ingredients together - Heat the oil; stir the paste together until fragrant - Add salted beef (or other meat); stir fry again with paste; add water - Add vegetables: piper leaves/long beans/Thai eggplants are all good (kae vegetables) or others - Season with salt or fish sauce to taste, but keep in mind that northern Thai food typically doesn’t add sugar! - Serve with hot sticky rice or steamed rice - Enjoy!	https://pigtrotters.com/index.php/2021/05/02/one-chef-one-recipe-chef-prin-polsuks-kaeng-kae/
My life has basically been a bridge between two cultures. Both parents were born in Beijing, met in the U.S. and became first-generation immigrants. We settled in the heartland of the U.S. in Dayton, Ohio. As is Chinese custom, food was at the center of our household. It was always in abundance, always shared with others, and always eaten together as a family. No meal was ever finished without a specific plan on what and where we would be eating next. Growing up Incredibly, both my parents and grandparents knew how to cook. They shared with me the ingredients, recipes, and traditional techniques that form the foundation of classic Chinese cooking. I soon found myself working alongside my mother and father at Mandarin Kitchen, the family-owned restaurant in town.It’s hard to believe, but cooking was not my immediate career path. Following along a Tsai family legacy, I went to Yale for an engineering degree. It was during those summers, however, when I first traveled to Paris, I became convinced to think otherwise. Intrigued by French dessert and bread making, unlike anything I had seen before, I enrolled at the Cordon Bleu and trained under Master Pastry Chef Pierre Herme. After that, I worked as a sous chef at Natacha, a local restaurant in Paris. It was amazing to learn a whole new set of cooking traditions, equally disciplined and respected as those from my childhood. I soon began to visualize what delicious results could be achieved by the combination of these two cuisines. Setting the stage for East-West It first begins with a respect of the culture’s unique ingredients and techniques. Fusion is a word mistakenly used in this area. To me, that sounds more like something that is unnaturally forced together (and often times, the resulting off-flavors suggest that they were). East-West cooking is about finding the right, harmonious way to combine two distinct culinary approaches. It delivers food that should excite diners through the balance of flavors, contrasting ingredient textures, colors, and temperatures. One example of this is my Foie Gras-Shiitake Shumai with Sauterne-Shallot broth served at Blue Ginger. In France, foie gras is classically paired with a Sauterne wine. The new dish preserves the Western flavor combination yet repurposes it in a new Eastern form (dumpling in broth) and adds complementary Eastern ingredients like shiitakes. It’s not just new. In my mind, it’s better.— Recipe: Foie Gras-Shiitake Shumai with Sauterne-Shallot Broth Broadening the definition Over the years, I have experienced how the power of East-West thinking extends much more broadly than the dishes in my restaurants. And as equally important, it’s still about finding a harmonious balance. There’s incredible strength in taking the best of Eastern and Western sensibilities and applying them to how you can live your life.To me, there are the three cornerstones that represent the East-West living philosophy. The number is a conscious choice since the number 3 sounds similar to the character for birth and is considered a lucky number. The number 3 is significant since there are three important stages in a person’s life (birth, marriage, and death). I. How to Eat I was raised on an Eastern style diet — vegetables are king and make up the largest portion on the plate. Next come grains with meat/proteins trailing last. Today, with obesity in the West becoming a problem, researchers are realizing the nutritional benefits of vegetable-focused Eastern cooking. It’s about eating what you want, but in a smart, conscious way.— Recipe: Chicken and Tri-Bell Pepper Chow Mein I also have the pleasure of working with Lilian Cheung, the Director of Health Promotion and Communication at the Harvard School of Public Health. She recently published a book entitled Savor: Mindful eating, mindful life. She outlines a nutritional and spiritual seven-step approach to improve your diet. It beautifully combines the best of Eastern philosophies with those of Western science. You basically learn to develop a closer connection to the food you eat, versus today’s uninvolved “grab and go” mentality. She highlights areas that involve honoring your food (to understand its origins) as well as engaging all your senses with every bite (to have your body/mind present to what you are doing). The concept is really pretty simple. If you can slow down the rate at which you eat, your body will be better able to gauge when it is full/satisfied and you will actually consume less. II. Holistic Health: sound mind and body I enjoy a good hard workout. But Western exercise is somewhat limited. What I mean is that it primarily focuses more on the external/outward benefit of being healthy, e.g., winning, measureable performance, and overall appearance.In my mind, an East-West approach is more balanced by adding a key internal perspective. It’s more than how we look. It involves the context of how we feel. Eastern exercise also combines rest/relaxation along with exertion to provide a healthy yin/yang aspect to the experience. How that manifests for me is that in addition to squash and golf, yoga also plays a key component to my workout/fitness regimen. It delivers a much-appreciated sense of balance, calm, and peacefulness. (Some say golf is supposed to also provide a balanced approach to fitness and exertion. I have to admit that on some days, however, for me that is furthest from the truth!) Another aspect of an East-West approach to health is harnessing the power of positive energy. Eastern philosophy sees interconnectedness among all the events in the universe. Tapping into that through meditation, energy healing, and even feng shui serves as a great compliment to conventional Western thought.	http://www.foodthinkers.com/the-east-west-approach-more-than-just-cooking/
Introduced as a global Kempinski initiative, every executive chef has been challenged to create a dish that represents the essence of the destination with an innovative component. “Linguini a la Buzzara” is a signature dish of luxury hotel Kempinski Palace Portoroz and is a typical local Istrian dish, completely consisting of local fresh ingredients. It is done through our chef’s creativity and a remarkably inspiring historic Istrian touch. The dish is based on a traditional recipe and only fresh, locally sourced produce and ingredients are used in its preparation. It consists of handmade pasta linguini with a delicious sauce à la Buzzara, which consists of fresh mussels from the Adriatic Sea, fresh herbs from the hotel’s own herbal garden, local olive oil as well as fresh charlottes and tomatoes. Guests can taste it at the restaurant Fleur De Sel, on the sunny terrace with a view over the Adriatic Sea, and experience a treat for all the senses.	https://www.kempinski.com/en/istria/palace-portoroz/dining/culinary-highlights/signature-dish/
HAVANA TIMES – Nicaragua’s youngest chef attends seventh grade in the morning and practices ballet in the afternoon. Sofía Castilblanco Campos was born on September 14, 2004, the youngest of four sisters. You could say she has a normal life for a 12-year-old, except that she carries a passion for seasonings in her blood. Odili Campos, her mother, used to own a restaurant. Campos recalls three-year-old “mini-Sofia”, stretching up on tiptoes to see everything she was doing. “My mother isn’t like those parents that forbid their children to enter the kitchen. She let me stay at her side to learn,” the chef tells us. As the years passed, she stopped being just a spectator at the stove and became the main actress there. The first dish she prepared by herself was macaroni and cheese when she was four years old. “It might seem simple, but they weren’t from a box. I did it all by hand, and I felt proud of myself when I was done,” she admits. Now she can prepare dishes from many other cultures. Nevertheless, her passion is for Asian food: “It’s a culture full of colors and tastes. It’s delicious to eat, but even better to cook. The best thing is that I share a taste for Asian flavors with my mother, so preparing it brings us even closer together,” she assures us. Her favorite Nicaraguan dish is the rice and beans mixture known as “gallo pinto,” although she always tries to vary it with unconventional ingredients, among them coconut oil and natural chili peppers. “I like to make innovations on the traditional,” she comments. When she goes out to eat in restaurants, she tries to ask how the dish was prepared. In that way she learns more for future recipes. Sofia was the youngest chef to participate in the 2016 “Latin Flavors” culinary festival. Her segment “Cooking with Sofia” was part of the event’s main presentation, to the admiration of those within and outside the trade. “Hello home chefs!” is the lead-up to all the videos on Sofia’s YouTube channel. “Junior Chef Sofia” is a platform she created in 2016, and the videos there show over six thousand shares. There are now 26 videos and counting, the majority demonstrating recipes and the culinary adventures of Sofia and her friends. The channel was both her mother’s and her idea. “I “I felt that I was cooking better and was old enough to handle the responsibility of a channel. So I asked for help from my Mom and together we’ve achieved everything that today is “Junior Chef Sofia.” She tapes me and I edit the videos…my mother doesn’t know how to do that,” she tells us amid giggles. One of the goals of the channel is to motivate people to cook more. Another is to demonstrate that “for food, there’s no age limit.” “The public acceptance I’ve received has been amazing,” she says. She has more than two thousand followers on Instagram and on Facebook. She affirms that the social networks are an important part of what she does, because she adores sharing her passion for cooking through them. “Tasty isn’t for me” Tasty is a Facebook video page from the US multimedia company Buzzfeed, specializing in videos of two minutes or less about preparing food in a “quick and easy” way. Sofia admits that this doesn’t attract her. “I like to see and read about people who are more professional, because I want to be like them. If I see a recipe on Facebook, I’d rather find it in my cookbook and later try to make it adding my own special touches,” she emphasizes. Her favorite chefs are Emeril Lagasse and Julia Child. These inspire her “to continue along the road of food preparation”. Future dreams When she’s ready for the university, Sofia doesn’t see herself studying something that will box her in to an office. According to her, her destiny is in the kitchen or as a ballet dancer. She has a lot of future plans. The main one is to travel and fill herself with food culture. “The channel is barely beginning. I imagine that in some years I’m going to keep making videos about all the places I go and all the food I try,” she says. “I don’t think much about my future because I love how the present is going. Nevertheless, we see that we can visit ever more restaurants that get together with me to cook. Maybe in some years I’ll be the owner of one,” she concludes.	https://havanatimes.org/features/sophia-is-nicaraguas-youngest-chef/
The cuisine of Hawaii incorporates five distinct styles of food, reflecting the diverse food history of settlement and immigration. Hawaiian cuisine is a fusion of many different culinary traditions but with a focus on local and organic ingredients. It's heavy on seafood, fruits and vegetables, grains, and meats, including lots of pork and chicken. Many dishes also include Asian, Indian, and American flavors. The pre-contact period of Ancient Hawaii had an engineering genius, constructing vast irrigation systems to supply water to terraced farms. They grew what is known as "canoe crops," the first Hawaiians brought with them to the islands. These included Kalo (taro), uala (sweet potato), maia (banana), ko (sugarcane), and ulu (breadfruit). The ocean provided a variety of fish, but it was the Hawaiians' innovative construction of massive fishponds that allowed them to maintain a constant supply. After first contact with Westerners in 1778, European and American cuisine arrived along with the missionaries and whalers. They introduced their foods and built large sugarcane plantations starting the modernization of Hawaii and its cuisine. Hawaiian Cuisine History Pre-colonialization Hawaiian Cuisine was mostly based on what locals could get on the island. The pre-contact Hawaiian's genius for engineering, constructing vast irrigation systems to supply water to terraced farms, helped them establish what is known as Canoe crops. These include taro, sweet potatoes, bananas, sugarcane, and breadfruit. They also relied on the ocean to provide a variety of fish, but the native Hawaiians constructed massive fishponds to keep them in constant supply of popular fish. Then, in 1778, whalers, missionaries, and traders arrived in Hawaii, bringing homeland cuisine with them. These early visitors started to report back to their homelands about the island paradise leading to 1852 when waves of contract laborers started to come to Hawaii to work on the newly created sugar plantations. They brought with them traditional recipes and unique blends of ingredients from China, Japan, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Okinawa, and the Philippine Islands. Following Statehood and World War II, Hawaii's tourism numbers grew, along with its hotels. Restaurants that were catered to the tourists used food that was shipped from elsewhere over long distances and copied American recipes. This led to unmemorable meals and negative perceptions about Hawaii's food scene around the world. It wasn't until 1991 that a group of 12 Hawaii chefs got together to change everything. A food revolution was started by popular chefs Sam Choy, Philippe Padovani, Roger Dikon, Gary Strehl, Roy Yamaguchi, Amy Ferguson Ota, Jean-Marie Josselin, George Mavrothalassitis, Beverly Gannon, Peter Ellman, Peter Merriman, and Alan Wong. The group's vision was to put Hawaii on the map as a major culinary destination. They aimed to build a network of farmers and ranchers they could source from, combining locally grown food with the multiple ethnic flavors already present in Hawaii for a grand fusion of the islands' unique resources. A pristine environment mixed with a colorful array of cultures. These chefs started to source many of their ingredients within the islands. Cattle raised on the upland pastures of Hawaii Island, fruits and vegetables grown from volcanic soil in Upcountry Maui, some of the highest quality fish in the world, Waialua chocolate and hearts of palm, and the foundational canoe crops brought by the Native Hawaiians all those years ago. Top Hawaiian Cuisine Chef’s Hawaii's food culture is rich in diversity, thanks to the melting pot of its many cultures. You can find Asian, European, and American flavors in its food, and you will also notice the many influences of its Pacific Islander culture. The state's chefs are inspired by the fresh, natural ingredients of the islands and create dishes that are as unique as Hawaii itself. Lee Anne Wong Wong moved to Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, in late 2013. In 2014, she opened and continued to run Koko Head Cafe. Wong joined the Hawaiian Airlines culinary team in 2015 and became executive chef in 2018. The Coconut recipe is one of Alan Wong's signature desserts. Her King Street restaurant sells between 20 and 40 each night. Wong has even prepared it for President Barack Obama and first lady Michelle during their annual December vacations to Oahu. Sheldon Simeon Born in Hilo, Chef Sheldon Simeon acquired his love for cooking from his parents. After serving as the executive chef at Maui's Mala Wailea, he was named in Hawaii Magazine's Top 5 Best Hawaiian Chefs of 2014 and voted FOOD & WINE Magazine's 2014 People's Best New Chef for the Pacific & Northwest. Earlier this year, Simeon opened Tin Roof in Kahului. Sam Choy Sam Choy has over 20 years in the kitchens of noted hotels and resorts on the mainland and Hawai'i. After running various restaurants around the islands, Sam has moved on to appearing on various TV cooking shows and writing cookbooks. He has authored 16 cookbooks, and his signature recipe sauces and dressings are available in local food store chains. Choy is a four-time nominee for the James Beard Best Pacific Regional chef award, which he won in 2004. He is often nicknamed the "Godfather of Poke" and is known as the Culinary Ambassador of the Big Island. Roy Yamaguchi He is known for Hawaiian-inspired cuisine, an eclectic blend of California-French-Japanese cooking traditions created with fresh ingredients from the Islands.[Yamaguchi, founded and chairs the Hawaii Food & Wine Festival. Roy maintains six locations in Hawaii: Waikiki, Hawaii Kai, Kaanapali, Waikoloa, Ko Olina, and Turtle Bay. George Mavrothalassitis Known as one of the cofounders of Hawaii Regional Cuisine, Mavrothalassitis is known for his pairings of wines with each dish in a multicourse meal. In 1988 he came to Hawaii when he was recruited to be the executive chef at the Halekulani Hotel in Honolulu, Hawaii. He was executive chef of the Four Seasons Hotel in Maui and the chef de cuisine of Seasons Restaurant. Then in 1998, he opened his restaurant, named for his nickname, Chef Mavro in Honolulu. Peter Merriman A culinary pioneer in Hawaii for over 25 years, Merriman is a vocal supporter of Hawaii's farmers, ranchers, and fishermen. His restaurants showcase island-grown and harvested foods through simple preparations that reflect the myriad flavors of Hawaii's multiculturalism. In 1988, Merriman opened his signature upcountry restaurant, Merriman's, in Waimea on the Big Island of Hawaii. Hula Grill, touted as "the best fish house in the islands" by Honolulu Magazine, brought the concepts of Hawaii regional cuisine to a beachside setting. Merriman's Kapalua in Kapalua Maui. Merriman's Kapalua was voted one of Trip Advisor's Top 10 Fine Dining Restaurants in the country in 2017. He also owns and operates Merriman's Fish House, and Moku Kitchen. What are some traditional Hawaiian foods? Hawaiian cuisine consists of a wide range of different foods and dishes, as well as a variety of different recipes. These dishes may be influenced by other cultures and may also be quite diverse themselves. Many of these types of Hawaiian cuisine reflect the ethnic diversity of the state. Many of these foods can be traced back to the immigrants who migrated to Hawaii throughout the years. Poi In Samoa and other Pacific islands, poi is a thick paste of pounded bananas or pineapples mixed with coconut cream; the word originally denoted the action of pounding the food to a pulp. In Hawaii, where poi is a staple of local cuisine, taro root is used almost exclusively for its preparation.Poi Recipe Hawaiian Plate A true plate lunch is made up of 2 scoops of rice (or one big scoop), a healthy portion of mac salad, and an "entrée" (usually meaning some kind of protein). The "entrée" is typically grilled teriyaki chicken, Kalua pork, or teriyaki beef.Hawaiian Plate Recipe Saimin Traditionally consisting of soft wheat egg noodles served in hot dashi garnished with diced green onions and a thin slice of kamaboko, modern versions of saimin include additional toppings such as char siu, sliced Spam, sliced egg, or shredded nori.Saimin Recipe PokePoke is diced raw fish served either as an appetizer or a main course and is one of the main dishes of Native Hawaiian cuisine. Traditional forms are Aku (skipjack tuna) and heʻe (octopus). A modern version is sometimes called a poké bowl and has the ingredients arranged in a grouped way rather than mixed. Poke Recipe Luau Stew Luau stew is made by cooking luau leaves (which come from the taro plant) with water and a bit of salt. Luau stew served over rice, with kalua pig, seaweed, sweet potato, and breadfruit.Luau Stew Recipe Pasteles- The pastele is a meat pie flavored with the Caribbean achiote spice, lined with grated green bananas and stuffed with stewed pork and olives. Brought over after Puerto Rican farmers moved sugar plantations to the island after a hurricane in 1899 devastated Puerto Rican agriculture.Pasteles Recipe Manapua- They're big and fluffy buns that come steamed (more traditional) or baked. The classic manapua is filled with char siu. Char siu is Chinese roast pork, but for manapua, we use a Hawaii-ized char siu marinade recipe that includes oyster sauce, sugar, five-spice, Hawaiian salt, honey, and red food coloring.Manapua Recipe Loco Moco There are many variations, but the traditional loco moco consists of white rice, topped with a hamburger, a fried egg, and brown gravy. Loco Moco was created in the 1940s when some boys dining at the Lincoln Grill in Hilo, Hawaii, asked the waitress to serve them a dish they could afford. They threw out the idea of rice, beef, and gravy, and the rest is history.Loco Moco Recipe Kalua Pig Simply put, the word means "(from the) pit," so basically, any food that has been cooked in an underground oven called an imu is considered "kalua." This is a slow cooking method used for centuries but can be recreated in a slow cooker. You can cook more than just pork with this recipe, as traditional Hawaiians used this method to cook everything from beef to fish.Kalua Pig Recipe Lomi Lomi Salmon Lomi Lomi salmon is a very popular traditional Hawaiian side dish. It is made by mixing together: salted salmon, tomatoes, onions, and green onions. All the individual ingredients are chopped into bite-size pieces, and it's a dish you can eat with a spoon.Lomi Lomi Salmon Recipe What are some top Hawaiian deserts? These island-inspired sweets include ingredients like coconut and vanilla, making them the perfect way to end any Hawaiian meal. These desserts can be cakes, pies, cookies, or other sweets. They are usually made with tropical fruits that grow in the Hawaiian climate, such as pineapple, coconut, or mango. Shaved Ice Shaved ice is a large family of ice-based desserts made of fine shavings of ice or finely crushed ice and sweet condiments or syrups. The syrup is added after the ice has been frozen and shaved. Shaved ice is thought to have originated in Japan in the 1860s, where it's called kakigori. It came to Hawaii with Japanese plantation workers and quickly embedded itself in Hawaiian food culture.Shaved Ice Recipe Hawaiian Butter Mochi Hawaiian Butter Mochi is Hawaii's version of the blondie/brownie. Hawaiian butter mochi is kind of like a cross between cake and mochi. Unlike Japanese mochi, which is filled with ice cream, Hawaiian Butter Mochi is baked. The result is a chewy but not gummy, slightly coconutty, and delicious dessert.Hawaiian Butter Mochi Recipe Kulolo Kūlolo is a popular Hawaiian dessert made of ground Kalo or Taro, raw sugar, and coconut milk. Traditional Kulolo is made in an imu or underground oven and steamed or baked for hours. Today, Kulolo is often baked in the oven or steamed in a steamer.Kulolo Recipe Haupia Pie Haupia pie is a traditional Hawiian dessert made from thickened coconut milk and chocolate and layered into a pre-baked pie crust and topped with whipped cream. It can have many different variations but the most popular is probably the chocolate variation.Haupia Pie Recipe Coco Puffs Coco Puffs are a small puffed pastry filled with a creamy chocolate pudding and topped with a thick, semi-hard, vanilla, and coconut frosting. They are similar to an eclair. Coco Puffs come in two flavors. Original which is filled with chocolate pudding and topped with plain chantilly and Green Tea, filled with green tea custard and topped with green tea chantilly.Coco Puffs Recipe Crispy Manju Hawaii has a specific style of Manju, unlike the Japanese version. Baked and flaky, with fillings like sweet potato, coconut, and even apples. Manju is small, three-bite size pastries. The filling is wrapped with wheat pastry dough. It's then baked to crispy perfection.Crispy Manju Recipe Guri Guri Guri-guri is a cross between sherbet and ice cream. It is typically made with a mixture of guava juice, any type of lime soda, and condensed milk. Guri-guri comes in two flavors: pineapple and strawberry.Guri Guri Recipe Malasadas Malasadas, as they are known in Hawaii, are yeast-leavened doughnuts enriched with eggs, butter, and sometimes evaporated or fresh milk. After frying, they are rolled in sugar. Malasada is a Portuguese dessert that was brought to the islands by immigrants that traveled to Hawai'i to work on the plantations.Malasadas Recipe Lilikoʻi Bars Liliko'i bars are a Hawaiian twist on lemon bars. Sweet yet tangy passion fruit curd baked atop a delicious buttery shortbread crust and sprinkled with powdered sugar. Liliko'i is the Hawaiian word for passion fruit. It is a sweet yet tart fruit that is grown in tropical and subtropical regions.Liliko’i Bars Recipe Guava Chiffon Cake Guava chiffon cake is one of Hawaii's most popular and favorite cakes. The cake starts with adding guava juice to a strawberry cake mix. A cream cheesy whipped topping layer is lathered on top and topped with a guava gel.Guava Chiffon Cake Recipe What are some of the top-rated restaurants in Hawaii? From fine dining to family-style comfort food, these top-rated restaurants offer a wide variety of dining experiences. Honolulu has the most diverse dining choices in the state, while Waikiki and the North Shore are best suited for visitors who want to indulge in seafood and fresh Pacific Rim cuisine. The island of Maui has a large number of farm-to-table restaurants with fresh, locally-grown produce.	https://www.restaurantsupply.com/blog/what-is-hawaiian-cuisine
What is the difference between Food Recipes as well as Cookbooks? In the easiest feeling, a recipe is a composed treatment for preparing food. It usually consists of a list of active ingredients as well as steps for assembling or mixing the ingredients. The directions may likewise include info on cooking, food preparation, or cooling the active ingredients. Some recipes also provide ingredients and techniques for adding garnishes or paddings. The instructions are suggested to lead you through the procedure of cooking. While some formats allow for consistent abbreviations, it is generally best to define all measurements in full. This relates to cups, quarts, and gallons, in addition to ounces, pounds, and teaspoons. Some dishes specify components that are split right into several amounts. It is far better to spell out the specific dimensions in order to avoid confusion. The very same goes with cooking tips and security pointers. When it concerns food dish writing, it is necessary to use clear directions as well as ensure to test the ingredients prior to using them. There are several kinds of recipe writing. Some recipes use uniform acronyms for units of dimension. In these situations, spelling out the system of measurement is always much better than making use of an acronym. For example, when determining components, constantly write the quantity completely, unless the dish defines a conversion aspect. It’s likewise a good suggestion to spell out active ingredients as well as amounts more than once if you’re doubling or cutting in half a recipe. Writing a recipe is an art kind. If you have a panache for food, you can make use of a combination of writing skills as well as technological terms to make a recipe stand out. Furthermore, you can become a blog owner, e-newsletter editor, or foodservice supervisor as well as also a community nutritionist. Yet whatever your choice, be sure to compose clear and easy-to-follow guidelines. Most significantly, you must ensure the recipes are tested to be as yummy as feasible. A recipe writer can be a recipe book writer, a newspaper editor, or a food solution supervisor. The key to being a successful recipe writer is to be a reader-friendly, easy-to-follow dish. As a chef, you’ll be preventing active ingredients that are unneeded as well as complex. By spelling out the ingredients, you’ll make the recipe extra easily accessible to you and your viewers. You’ll likewise prevent losing food on components that aren’t required. Recipe writing is an important skill for a selection of work. You might become a blog owner, a cookbook editor, or a community nutritional expert. Either way, a good dish author is clear and also easy-to-understand. They’re additionally more likely to adhere to the recipes you make. So, food authors are a wonderful resource for healthy and balanced, scrumptious dishes. And a good recipe author can generate income from it. If you’re trying to find a brand-new dish for your following dish, try one of 30 Comfort Food Recipes for Autumn. These hearty meals are excellent for freezing evenings. With fall in the air, life starts to reduce as we head towards the vacations. The days get much shorter and the climate cools. As we move right into the chilly months, our hungers start to alter. The end outcome is a food craving for home cooking. By the center of the 20th century, there were hundreds of books on cookery. The next revolution was available in the form of TV chefs. The very first television cook, Philip Harben, started broadcasting his show in June 1946. In the United States, the James Beard program was the initial of its kind. These programs brought the globe of food preparation to an entire brand-new audience. The initial television show to feature a food recipe was the BBC’s I Love to Eat in 1924. The first modern-day culinary recipe book was released by Eliza Acton in 1845. This book, targeted at the domestic market, was the initial of its kind. It set the layout for culinary writing, and consisted of the very first dish for Brussels sprouts. The recipe book is considered to be the very best dish author of perpetuity. Presently, there are lots of popular cook publications. You can search the large quantity of choices readily available by group or keyword. The internet is a great resource of details on food and also cooking. There are tens of countless internet sites dedicated to cooking as well as baking. Lots of sites provide info as well as dishes on various subjects, and several also have an area of fans. An excellent resource of information regarding food is a web site. A website such as YumYum Recipes is worth a go to. There more than 20,000 dishes available on YumYum.com, which has more than twenty hundred of them. The internet site has a multitude of groups, and also can also be browsed by keyword. The innovation of semiconductor ICs has transformed the food sector. Numerous thousands of recipe books are currently readily available. The Net allows you to look for food recipes and also search by key phrases. For the very first time, these websites are easy to use as well as are a great way to locate tasty dishes. Most internet sites have an index to search by classification as well as key phrase. You can likewise find preferred foods by category. And you can select the components according to your individual preferences. Luxusní palačinky The Internet is one more fantastic resource of details concerning dishes. A search on YumYum.com will certainly bring up over 20,000 recipes. This site permits you to search for a specific food and group. You can likewise look by keyword. There are a number of publications dedicated to this subject. If you are seeking a particular kind of dish, there is an online database for it. There are over ten million recipes in YumYum, as well as you can select one or all of them.	https://suggestrss.com/2022/02/14/heres-what-no-one-tells-you-around-food-recipes/
Peshawari Chapli Kabab Recipe Check out the Peshawari Chapli Kabab Recipe in Urdu. Learn how to make best Peshawari Chapli Kabab Recipe, cooking at its finest by chef Zubaida Tariq at Masala TV show . Check all the Pakistan Cooking recipes in Urdu of Masala TV. Also Check Peshawari Chapli Kabab Recipe, ingredients and complete Method. Chapli Kababs are a traditional dish you’ll enjoy every bite of. Try this one today! Watch this Masala TV video to Learn how to make Chapli Kabab Recipe. Ingredients: - Beef Mince 300 gm - Onions chopped ½ cup - Pomegranate seeds (crushed, soaked and grind) 2 tbsp - All spice powder 1 tsp - Gram flour (roasted) 2 tbsp - Green chilies (chopped) 3-4 - Salt to taste - Red chili flakes 2 tsp - Coriander seeds (roasted & crushed) 1 tbsp - Coriander leaves ½ cup - Egg 1 - Tomatoes (chopped) ½ cup - Oil for frying Method: In a bowl, add beef mince, soaked pomegranate seeds, whole spice powder, roasted gram flour, green chilies, salt, red chili flakes, coriander seeds, coriander leaves, onion and egg. Mix well. Refrigerate mixture for 10-20 minutes. Mix well. Now make patty and place a tomato slice on top. Then heat oil and fry each side for 4-5 min on low flame until it done. When we think of one of the most popular and world-renowned legacy dishes of our nation the delicious and mouth-watering Pakistani chapli kabab usually tend to be at the top of the list. Originating from Peshawar hence popularly known as Peshawari Chapli Kabab, this specialty of the Pashtun Cuisine’s name is derived from a Pashto word called chaprikh, meaning flat indicating the shape of the globally popular kababs. Mughal culinary influences in the region popularised a number of kebab dishes, resulting in local recipes such as the chapli kebab While the delectable dish has been one of the major reasons why people travel from far and wide to Peshawar, it is now widely available across Pakistan and even Afghanistan, and India. The city of Peshawar, where the recipe took hold, has over 2,000 kebab houses that serve the chapli kebab. Such eateries have rapidly expanded in other cities as well. Today, the chapli kebab is featured on the menu of South Asian restaurants across the world. Peshawari Chapli Kabab Recipe There are two kinds of popular chapli kababs either mutton chapli kabab or beef chapli kabab. Other than the minced meat of your choice, chapli kababs consist of coriander, pomegranate seeds, green chillies and mint in addition to various different spices. The original form of chapli kabab recipe found in Peshawar was only made with minced beef but now in some parts of the world it is also made in chicken and lamb. Over the years the recipe of the kababs has evolved but the authentic Peshawar chapli kabab recipe only consists of a selected number of spices. Not only are chapli kababs a popular street food all throughout the year in Peshawar and surrounding area they are also a highly popular dish during the time of Eid-ul Azha and in ramadan as part of iftar. In winters, green tea such as kahwah may traditionally be served alongside it, while cold drinks are preferred in the summers. If you happen to crave this mouth-watering dish to enjoy with your loved ones you can find the perfect and true to its authentic taste recipes on Masala TVs website or watch our expert chefs make this dish on our YouTube channel. Traditionally speaking chapli kababs are usually eaten with a side of raita (yoghurt sauce) a fresh salad and naans fresh out of the tandoor or even in the form of a bun kebab. Peshawari Chapli Kabab Recipe in Urdu and English At Masala TV you can check complete Peshawari Chapli Kabab Recipe in Urdu and English. This is one of the best recipes by chef Zubaida Tariq at Masala TV show . Check out the other best recipes of chefs Zubaida Tariq.	https://www.masala.tv/peshawari-chapli-kabab/
Pasta alla papalina is a creamy pasta recipe from Rome named after Pope Pius XII, who was the inspiration behind its invention. Usually made with fettuccine, this dish is super simple to make and a great way to use up leftover ham! Italians love to talk about food and there is often a lot of discussion about what the authentic ingredients of certain traditional recipes should be. Among the many food and wine debates I’ve heard, a common one involves one of the jewels of Roman pasta recipes, fettuccine alla papalina. People debate what cheese to use, pecorino Romano or Parmigiano? Which type of ham, cured or cooked ham? Use cream or not? Add peas or no peas? In order to understand why all these questions, it’s good to know the history of this relatively modern dish. Simply put, ‘alla papalina’ means ‘of the Pope’ . But actually the word refers to the Pope’s skullcap! The Pope in question was Eugenio Pacelli known as Pius XII. A little alla papalina history. Eugenio Pacelli became Pope Pius XII in 1939. There are different versions to this story, but one is that when he was still a cardinal, Eugenio Pacelli used to eat his meals at the La Cisterna restaurant in Rome. One day, he asked the chef to make him a different pasta dish than usual, one which respected Roman culinary tradition but was less fatty and more digestible. Apparently, the chef then created this pasta alla papalina based on ‘alla carbonara’. He replaced the semolina pasta with egg pasta, guanciale with cured ham, Roman pecorino with Parmigiano cheese and added sautéed onion cooked in butter. However, the raw beaten eggs in carbonara remained. The main problem with this story is that if it happened before the war, then the belief that carbonara was invented for American soldiers when they occupied Rome is false! Other stories date the invention of pasta alla papalina to the 50s, when Eugenio Pacelli was Pope Pius XII. The chef in question then was the Vatican chef! Whichever version is true, today fettuccine alla papalina is considered a traditional Roman pasta recipe. This dish is also still on the menu of the La Cisterna restaurant. Different versions of the recipe. Obviously with all the debate, there are different versions of this pasta alla papalina recipe. However, the basics are mostly the same; Egg pasta noodles (usually fettuccine), ham often cured but many people use cooked ham, eggs and cheese. Peas may not be considered an authentic ingredient in this dish by some, but I have seen many versions with them. I added peas because they are in season now and they are a health addition to this delicious dish. Some recipes for this alla papalina include heavy cream, some don’t. I added the cream and loved the result. I think you will too! Making this pasta alla papalina. I also decided to use cooked ham instead of cured. Many people traditionally eat ham at Easter or other holidays, especially in US. Fettuccine alla papalina is a great recipe to use up leftover ham. However, if you prefer you can use prosciutto crudo, such as San Daniele or Parma ham. This is a very quick and easy to make recipe. In fact, you can make the sauce while boiling the water for the pasta. Like in carbonara, the beaten eggs are added after the cooked pasta and sauce are mixed together. The result is a very creamy and flavourful pasta dish. One that I’m sure you will make time and again! If you do try this pasta alla papalina recipe, I’d love to hear what you think. Please write a comment here on the blog or post a comment on the Pasta Project Facebook page. Other traditional pasta recipes from Rome. This creamy fettuccine recipe from Rome is easy to make and seriously delicious. A great family weeknight meal and perfect for using up leftover ham! Shell the fresh peas (if using), peel and finely chop the onion, cut the ham into small cubes/pieces, beat the eggs in a bowl with the grated Parmigiano. If using fresh peas you will need to cook them in a little boiling salted water for 10 minutes before draining and adding them to the sauce. Fresh peas take longer to cook than frozen. Put a pot of water on to boil for the pasta. Add salt once it starts to boil and bring to the boil again. Cook the finely chopped onion in the butter or olive oil in a skillet or frying pan until translucent. Add cooked ham or prosciutto, and allow that to cook for a few minutes. Then, add the peas and cook for a couple of minutes more. If using fresh peas and they seem a little hard, add a little water and cook for a bit longer. Then add the heavy cream (Italians use panna da cucina) and allow the cream to reduce a bit. Add ground black pepper and salt to taste. Cook the pasta al dente according to the instructions on the packet. Fresh pasta will need only 1-2 minutes. When cooked, drain the pasta (but keep it a little wet) and add it to the cream sauce. Then pour the beaten eggs and cheese over the pasta and sauce. Mix everything together well until the pasta is coated in a creamy sauce. Serve immediately, with generous sprinkling of ground black pepper and additional grated cheese if required. Pasta alla Papalina is usually made with fettuccine but I also use tagliatelle. Although tagliatelle is slightly wider, there's often no difference between these two pasta ribbons. You can leave out the peas if you wish. The original recipe is said to be without peas. However, nowadays many Italian include them. Fettuccine; fresh, dried, smooth and ridged. Maccheroncini di Campofilone pasta with Marchigiano ragu. I love the paste and peas combo, and thst looks so rich! Thanks Michael! I love pasta with peas too, especially fresh peas! I love a good pasta dish! This looks so easy and delicious! Thank you Shanika! Yes this is a pretty easy pasta recipe and very yummy! I love all pasta – this is perfect for Spring! Thank you! Happy you like this recipe Tawnie! Yes this is a great spring recipe! I love how creamy it is! So good! Thanks so much Toni! Yes very creamy! I love when I can prepare the sauce while boiling pasta! For this recipe I have everything on hand so will be trying it soon. Thanks for the inspiration! I’m sure you’ll love this dish Julia! Definitely making a version of this with leftover ham – I love the cream sauce with peas! This is a great recipe for leftover ham Lauren! The peas are a wonderful addition. The dish is sophisticated yet simple to prepare and I am certain delicious, perfect for entertaining at this time of year. Thanks Neli! Yes peas go so well with pasta, especially fresh peas!This recipe is perfect for entertaining or family meals! I almost love peas in every food 🙂 This pasta looks absolutely delicious, can’t resist making one this evening. Thank you Meghna! I’m sure you will really enjoy this pasta recipe! The peas go so well in it! This looks wonderful. I can’t wait to make this. Thank you Jacqui, and your photos are awesome! Aww thanks Bee! Happy you like this recipe and the photos! Mmm this looks so yummy! Pasta is always a favourite in my house and this dish looks so perfect and comforting!! Totally drooling! Grazie Rosa! Pasta is a favourite in our house too, of course! This is a great family recipe that everyone is bound to like! now this is my kind of dish. a creamy pasta with ham….so delicious! It’s 330 AM and I am already drooling over this!! So pleased you like this recipe Danielle! Creamy pasta with ham is a favourite of mine too! Great recipe. And I loved learning about the papal history! You are making me miss Rome now. I ate so much good food there. I am going to have to make this! This looks so, so tasty! I love peas in, well just about everything!! And I need to practice adding more eggs to my pasta dishes! I love learning the history behind different recipes, and this one is so interesting. I can imagine this with fresh peas from the garden – it sounds delicious! This looks and sounds super delicious and easy to make.. I make always looking for some easy meals ideas and this fits the bill! Thanks! This is my kind of pasta. I love the addition of cream and peas. Super delicious. I will be making this often. Oh and thanks for the history of the dish. Very interesting. I love this recipe, it seems like there’s an authentic Italian pasta for every combination imaginable, but I never saw one with ham. The flavors sound so comforting! Wow this recipe looks amazing! The sauce looks killer and I love the combination of peas and ham. What an interesting backstory on pasta alla papalina. I think this dinner makes a perfect Spring presentation and who can say no to all these delicious ingredients. Seconds please!	https://www.the-pasta-project.com/pasta-alla-papalina-recipe-from-rome/
Johannesburg, 18 May 2020: Gordon Ramsay laces his boots, grabs his knives and buckles up as he hits the road again in the second season of Gordon Ramsay: Uncharted, premiering 26 August at 21:00 CAT on National Geographic (StarSat channel 220). The multi-Michelin-star chef and Ironman athlete continues his adventure across the globe in his relentless pursuit of culinary inspiration. Starting in South Africa, cooking with popular local chef Zola Nene, Ramsay turns up the heat and feasts his way through Indonesia, Louisiana, Norway, India, Tasmania, and Guyana. “We are exploring seven new regions this season, each with vastly different culinary customs and history,” said Ramsay. “We get the opportunity to learn from the locals and hear their stories, and that gives us a much deeper experience and understanding of the world around us.” In this new season, Ramsay journeys deep into the landscape of each place he visits, scaling mountains, battling 3-metre waves, braving frigid temperatures and bushwhacking his way through the backcountry to forage for some of the finest ingredients in the world. From swimming in great white shark-infested waters to participating in a traditional bull run, Ramsay risks life and limb in his biggest and boldest missions yet to achieve edible excellence. Under the guidance of local experts and food legends he meets along the way, Ramsay partakes in culinary customs and learns about delicious delicacies and fresh flavours unique to each region. Every ingredient he harvests, dish he tastes and person he meets will inspire him to create a recipe from scratch, intended to represent the heart of that culture. Each episode concludes with Ramsay challenging himself during a final big cookout with a local food legend by his side, as they prepare a meal together for locals he met during his journey. Some of the adventures — culinary and otherwise — that Ramsay experiences this season include: - Leaping from a helicopter into high waves to harvest mussels along the South African coast; - Risking life and limb by participating in a traditional bull race in a remote West Sumatran rice paddy field; - Braving Tasmania’s stormy waters to hose-dive among the rocks for giant spiny lobsters; - Exploring a bat-infested Indonesian cave system in search of giant prawns; - Racing a four-wheeler through Louisiana’s dangerously muddy back roads to forage for fresh greens and hunt for bullfrogs and crawfish; - Plunging into Norway’s frigid waters to uncover the bounty of ingredients found within the fjords; - And battling strong surf to catch fish using traditional techniques in South India — that is, with a 90-kilogram net out at sea. “Gordon Ramsay: Uncharted became a firm favourite on the channel when it launched last year and we are thrilled that his latest journey begins right here in South Africa. Chef Zola brings her delightful charm and unique expertise to the table, guiding Ramsay on how to pull off the perfect chakalaka among other distinctly and deliciously local dishes”, said Evert van der Veer, Vice President, Media Networks, The Walt Disney Company Africa. Episodes include: Gordon Ramsay: Uncharted – South Africa Chef Ramsay gets up close with rhinos, giraffes, zebras and hippos in the dramatic wilderness of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, as he learns the secrets of the traditional cuisine of Zulu warriors and masters using a local “braai.” He leaps from a helicopter into the raging Indian Ocean, harvests mussels on treacherous rocks and immerses himself in the local township culture, all before cooking with beloved local chef Zola Nene for a revered Zulu chief. Gordon Ramsay: Uncharted – Tasmania Chef Ramsay explores isolated Tasmania, off the coast of southern Australia. He uncovers the purity of the island, diving into shark-infested waters for giant saltwater spiny lobsters; avoiding venomous snakes in the bush while foraging for local herbs; and soaring in a seaplane to the rugged interior to fly-fish for trout and extract one-of-a-kind honey, all before facing off against culinary nomad Analiese Gregory to prepare an epic feast. Gordon Ramsay: Uncharted – Louisiana Chef Ramsay journeys to Louisiana to learn the secrets of Cajun cooking. He meets Eric Cook — a former Marine turned celebrated chef — who sends him off to get lost in the marsh and see what he brings back. In his quest, Ramsay faces down dangerous and delicious creatures from deep in the swamps to the middle of the Gulf of Mexico. Does he rise to the challenge, or do his skills end at the “End of the World”? Gordon Ramsay: Uncharted – Indonesia Chef Gordon Ramsay’s quest to master the world’s most fascinating cuisines lands him on the Indonesian island of Sumatra, where he risks his safety and his pride to acquire the ingredients he needs. Whether working as a deckhand in the open ocean, exploring a daunting cave system, milking buffalo or being dragged behind them, Ramsay finds his commitment to world-class cooking put to the test. With Indonesia’s own top chef, William Wongso, looking over his shoulder, the pressure is high. Gordon Ramsay: Uncharted – Guyana Chef Ramsay heads deep into the South American rainforest to explore the culinary roots of Guyana. After rappelling from a helicopter into the jungle, he hunts for toothy caiman with his bare hands, fishes for piranha with a bamboo rod and crafts his own arrow to bow fish for arowana. With his newfound bounty of jungle provisions, he will join forces with local rising culinary star Delvin Adams to cook a feast for the local Amerindian tribe. Gordon Ramsay: Uncharted – India From the coast to the mountains of southern India, Chef Ramsay unlocks the complex flavors of the region known as the spice trade capital of the world. He battles ocean waves with a giant fishing net, fights the searing sting of fire ants, speeds through hilly dirt roads in a tiny rally car and has his mouth torched by the extremely spicy local fare, all before attempting to impress a women’s collective of artisan cooks with his take on their local cuisine. Tough-as-nails chef, food historian and television host Shri Bala takes Ramsay under her wing and gives him a lesson on India’s celebrated spice history. Gordon Ramsay: Uncharted – Norway Chef Ramsay channels his inner Viking and embraces the freezing temperatures of Norway in December to discover the elusive flavours of this region’s cuisine. He dives for shellfish in the frigid waters of the fjords, wrangles a stomping herd of reindeer with the Sami people, ferments fish and eats sheep’s head, all before putting his new skills to the test to prepare a Christmas feast with local chef Christopher Haatuft. Gordon Ramsay: Uncharted is produced by Studio Ramsay for National Geographic. For Studio Ramsay, executive producers are Gordon Ramsay, Lisa Edwards and Jon Kroll. For National Geographic, executive producer is Betsy Forhan, vice president of production is Kevin Tao Mohs and executive vice president of National Geographic unscripted entertainment is Geoff Daniels. # # # About National Geographic Partners LLC National Geographic Partners LLC (NGP), a joint venture between Disney and the National Geographic Society, is committed to bringing the world premium science, adventure and exploration content across an unrivalled portfolio of media assets. NGP combines the global National Geographic television channels (National Geographic Channel, Nat Geo Wild, Nat Geo Mundo, Nat Geo People) with National Geographic’s media and consumer-oriented assets, including National Geographic magazines; National Geographic studios; related digital and social media platforms; books; maps; children’s media; and ancillary activities that include travel, global experiences and events, archival sales, licensing and e-commerce businesses. Furthering knowledge and understanding of the world has been the core purpose of National Geographic for 132 years, and now it is committed to going deeper, pushing boundaries, going further for consumers… all while reaching millions of people around the world in 172 countries and 43 languages every month. NGP returns 27 percent of its proceeds to the nonprofit National Geographic Society to fund work in the areas of science, exploration, conservation and education. For more information visit natgeotv.com or nationalgeographic.com. About Gordon Ramsay and Studio Ramsay Renowned for highly successful and award-winning original programming, Emmy-nominated Ramsay produces TV shows on both sides of the Atlantic seen by audiences worldwide in more than 200 territories, and he is the only talent on air in the US with four prime-time national network shows. He hosts and executive produces “Hell’s Kitchen,” “MasterChef,” “MasterChef Junior” and “Gordon Ramsay’s 24 Hours to Hell and Back” all on Fox, in addition to yearly “MasterChef Celebrity Showdown” specials. His multimedia production company Studio Ramsay is behind several hit shows in both the US and the UK, with a growing slate of new shows and development. Launched in 2016, Studio Ramsay was created to develop unscripted, digital and scripted programming, focusing on new formats and innovative programming as well as fostering new talent. Studio Ramsay is behind the highly successful FOX series “Gordon Ramsay’s 24 Hours to Hell and Back.” It is also behind Gordon Ramsay: Uncharted on National Geographic Channel, which airs in 172 countries and 43 languages worldwide, accompanied by a first-of-its-kind stand-alone Gordon Ramsay: Uncharted digital and print magazine. In the UK, Studio Ramsay produces the BAFTA-nominated “Gordon, Gino and Fred’s Road Trip” for ITV, which is currently airing its second season. The Studio is also behind the upcoming Channel 4 Series “The Fantastical Factory of Curious Craft” and is opening the doors to London’s iconic hotel, The Savoy, in a five-part docuseries for ITV. The Studio is also behind the Channel 4 Series “Born Famous,” which was released last summer. Studio Ramsay also has shows in various stages of production and development for the BBC, top UK broadcasters as well as top US cable outlets. Studio Ramsay’s Digital Division is behind all of Ramsay’s original content on his highly successful YouTube Channel, for which Ramsay recently became the most subscribed chef on the platform. The 18-34 dominated channel launched the trending interview series “Scrambled” and plans to launch further series in 2020. Studio Ramsay Digital has also produced content for National Geographic and MasterClass, and is in development on other opportunities in the space. Studio Ramsay was behind the daytime cooking series “Culinary Genius,” which premiered on ITV in the UK and syndicated on FOX stations in the US; the ITV series “Gordon on Cocaine”; and FOX’s “The F-Word Live With Gordon Ramsay.” The highly popular children’s series “Matilda and the Ramsay Bunch,” starring Tilly Ramsay for UK children’s channel CBBC, is also produced by Studio Ramsay. Ramsay also executive produced Bravo’s “Best New Restaurant” and Food Network’s competition series “Food Court Wars.” In the UK, he has produced “Gordon Ramsay Behind Bars” and “Gordon’s Great Escape” for Channel 4; food biography and nostalgia series “My Kitchen” for UKTV’s Good Food Channel; and two instructional cookery series, “Ultimate Home Cooking” and “Ultimate Cookery Course,” for Channel 4. For more information, please visit www.gordonramsay.com or follow Gordon Ramsay on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. About The Walt Disney Company EMEA: The Walt Disney Company, together with its subsidiaries is a diversified worldwide entertainment company with operations in four business segments: Media Networks; Parks, Experiences and Products; Studio Entertainment; and Direct-to-Consumer and International. Disney is a Dow 30 company and had annual revenues of $69.6 billion in its last fiscal year (FY19). Seeking to entertain, inform and inspire people around the globe through the power of unparalleled storytelling, The Walt Disney Company has been in Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) for over 80 years, employing thousands of people across the region and reaching consumers in more than 130 countries. The Walt Disney Company’s iconic brands – including Disney, Pixar, Marvel, Lucasfilm, National Geographic, FOX, FOX Sports and ESPN – are experienced diversely across the region in cinemas, on TV screens, online, at retail, in Disney Stores and at Disneyland Paris. How to tune in: StarSat channel 220 For further information, kindly contact:	https://starsat.co.za/gordon-ramsay-uncharted-s2/

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