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Different Concerts Report Essay (Critical Writing) Augustin Hadelich Violin Mendelssohn’s violin concert is played by solo violin and a classical orchestra and consists of three movements. It begins with allegro molto appassionato tempo played in E minor. Augustin Hadelich entries the concert with his instrument, introducing listeners to the minor melody as the opening theme of a one-minute duration, accompanied by the orchestra that predictably emphasizes reflects the accent made by the violin. Minor harmony and the mentioned tempo create the impression of growing tension and excitement waiting for the further explosion section or, on the opposite, for an attenuation. Then, the orchestra lowers the tension, allowing the soloist to create a peaceful atmosphere, which enables to calm the feelings. The opening theme is further repeated, followed by the other one played in contrast in the major harmony. Finally, the movement ends in Presto tempo with an emotional chromatic passage performed by the orchestra without the violin, which successfully releases the tension previously created. Numerous changes in dynamics are present thorough the movement. The second movement is performed in Andante tempo. The melody is serene, lyrical, and played in major harmony, followed by a minor one in the middle, and ended with a main major theme. This passage is mostly performed by the solo violin, with a modest accompaniment by the orchestra. Changes in dynamics are not significantly present, but the soloist moderately manipulates the loudness of the melody, successfully making the listeners keep their attention. The movement ends with a peaceful conclusion. The final passage has a short passage played in Alegro ma nontroppo, followed by the allegro molto vivace movement. The first part’s melody is performed in minor harmony and serves the purpose of preparing listeners for the final passage that is played in the major theme. In this part are presented numerous ascending and descending dynamics changes represented with short chords. The coda ends the concert. Martha Argerich Piano Martha Argerich plays Piano Partita No. 2 In C Minor, BWV 826, by the composer Johann Sebastian Bach. It consists of Symphony, Allemande, Courante, Sarabande, Rondo, and Capriccio. It begins with the dramatic minor melody played in adagio tempo, which further flows into the Andante tempo section and finishes with Adagio as well. Dynamics is changed from forte into mezzo-piano, and finally, piano, which significantly relieves the tension created. The further passage that is Allemande is played in minor harmony as well, and it creates the feeling of the solemn moment, which is highly tender and full of melancholy. Courante, performed in triple meter, creates a feeling of running due to appropriate passages. This part can be considered by listeners as a serene dance melody that is a contrast to the Allemande. Sarabande, also performed in triple meter and minor harmony, creates a sad feeling of old grief throughout the passage. In contrast to the previous part, this one is played slowly. The chapters of the concert are sequentially in contrast to each other. This passage is followed by the Rondo movement that shows strong and dramatic impulses complimented with the bass line, which leads to the explosive ending. This passage revitalizes the melody, and the listeners’ attention focused. The last part, which is Capriccio, is played in minor harmony as the entire concert in general, with occasional transferring into major sections, has a fast tempo. The passage encourages and creates light and serene feelings due to its strongly played motives. The concert ends with an explosive and culminating ending, which creates tension for a short duration and eventually relieves it with the final chord. Diego Silva Tenor The concert performed by Diego Silva, accompanied by piano by Rolando Garza Rodriquez, consists of several distinct songs. The first of them, named “The Lord’s Prayer,” is played and sung in adagio tempo in major harmony. The melody creates a feeling of highly impressive and dramatic monologue, which may be intended to persuade the listener in its content. The second one, named “ Una Furtiva Lagrima ,” has a minor and tragic melody that symbolizes deep, potentially complicated feelings and is sung slowly and without dynamic changes. It ends with an unaccompanied tenor, which represents the question dramatically asked. The next song, named “ Pourquoi me reveiller ” creates tension with the first chords that rise further, with continuous strengthening of the singer’s voice that approaches to treble, and eventually flows in undramatic culmination. The melody is minor and played in allegretto moderato tempo. Then, “ A vucchella ”, the song that has an opposite, in comparison to the previous ones, motives, is performed. It creates a peaceful mood and rather optimistic feelings that successfully relieve the raised tension. It is played in major harmony with a constant dynamic. The following song, “ Parlami d’amore Mariu ” is played in major harmony, allegretto tempo, solemnly and significantly louder than previous ones, which creates an atmosphere of ceremonial celebration. “ Core ‘ngrato ” is played similar to the prior song but even more solemnly, with a triumphal ending. The following song, “Dein ist mein ganzes Herz” is the final one of the first part of the concert, and it is played with several dynamic changes in major harmony, and allegretto tempo following the previous songs motives. The second part of the concert contains the songs “Flor roja”, “Sabor a mi,” “Como yo tea me,” “Contigo en la distancia,” and ends with “Jurame”. It is performed traumatically, mostly in major harmony and allegretto tempo, with constant dynamic. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Debate Over Women’s Rights Essay Despite the fact that men and women have different body sizes, weights and heights, their brains are equally different. A woman’s mind could be better because it is flexible, faster and in most cases adjusts depending on the conditions or circumstances. A woman is a poor inventor. For instance, none of them has tried to apply for positions at inventing firms such as steam, telegraphing, machinery or patents. In as much as a woman uses sewing, washing, ironing and knitting machines, none of the machines were invented by a woman. Women are also very poor in architecture. This implies that the man is superior when it comes to heavy use of the brain. At times, the problem is that there is bias and discrimination about the strength of the woman and no chance has ever been given to them to prove if the allegation is wrong. What the society believes about women brings them down and it is the reason why they have not had the interest to compete in some of these fields. The cultures and traditions where we come from, for a long time, have deceived us that the place of a woman is the home. She has an obligation to ensure that her children and husband are fine at all times. At home, the family is as good as dead without the woman. When women are given chances to compete at workplaces, the best they can get is recruitment in the lowest offices and positions. In this case, she should be treated gently and with lots of love and care. Most women are not allowed to exercise their freedom to vote. It is the work of their men to go select leaders on their behalf. In paying for labor, the woman has always faced injustice. Men are paid more than the women, which is of course unfair. In education, the rise of campuses for females only has shown how a woman has chosen to advance. In today’s civilized world, the woman should be set free to decide and depend on herself if she can. Talent and interest, as compared to rights speak it all. After a lady trained using a piano, she may perform worse than a man who has attended no class. The woman was created in a delicate manner, and so for this reason, she is given a lower priority by the man. Therefore, this has nothing to do with their rights. A woman cannot endure pressure and strain, unlike in the case of a man. A woman needs cautious treatment and that is the reason why they are not allowed to compete with men since their chances of winning is minimal. Everyone should understand that the issue here is not that the man can perform better than a woman. Circumstances and chances force things to be the way they are. The immunity of a woman and physical strength is another factor. There are some deeds that only the man can manage because in one way or another, the deed will strain the woman’s physical ability. This issue is explained better in homes where the woman is a widow. Her children do not sleep hungry just because she has no husband; neither do here children fail to attend classes because of their father’s absence. A woman works hard to ensure that ends meet. This implies that a woman has not been denied her rights and neither has she been treated as inferior. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Job Search and Challenges Encountered Essay Having a stable job is one of the desired achievements by many people. This is because they admire living a life of satisfaction, leisure, and happiness. Some job opportunities come with added advantages such as retirement saving plans, insurance, and overtime payment. However, the procedure of seeking these employments can be cumbersome and time-wasting. This paper critically analyzes the challenges encountered in the job-searching process and possible solutions to overcome them. Having no connections can be one of the most significant obstacles whereby the availability of a referral person increases one’s chances of being employed. Additionally, rampant corruption levels may hinder one from opportunities as they may be asked to pay massive amounts of money to be recruited. Lacking confidence while in interviews may make one tense, which could portray a negative image to the potential employer. Thus, confidence is a skill that is valued for better job performance. Having no clear set goals can also contribute to difficulty in job security. Some people may opt to drop out of their employment to find new ones due to pressure and other minor problems in the workplace. This makes them move from one position to another without focus. The stiff competition where employers choose to employ the best-performing personnel leaving out the less experienced is another issue. Additionally, failing to make frequent follow-ups after applying for jobs could also deny the job-seeker a chance of service. Another challenge is a lack of knowledge regarding the proper channels for employment where other considerations are not taken into account after the submission of online applications. Therefore, to cope with these challenges, one must be confident and do frequent follow-ups after making an application. Establishing good relationships with people can create more connections making it easy to be employed. The applicant should have clearly set goals and a positive sense of direction in the job they are seeking. They must also ensure that they are competent and offer their best to give them first priorities. To eradicate corruption, the students must take their roles to sensitize the public on the effects of engaging themselves in such inappropriate and unethical behavior. This will warrant a better and more genuine way of assessing jobs. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The main product for sale in the restaurant’s menu is coffee. In the assortment, there are snacks, sandwiches, including vegan and gluten-free, to attract a different consumer. Location and Facilities The eco-coffee shop will be located next to Manhattan College in NYC on 454 W 238th St; nearby facilities include a university, a park, parking spaces, and the metro, all walking distance. The Cost of Rent and Utilities The monthly rent will be $2,450, and the total utilities will cost $200. About $50 per month will be paid for water and sewage. Gas can go up to $120, electricity about $90, trash removal – $40. Internet bills can cost around $70 a month. Production Process The production operations of a coffee shop include unloading, transporting goods, receiving, storing, preparing for sale, and selling. The main ones include operations related to the sale of goods and customer service. The Equipment The purchase of equipment, furniture, vehicles needed in operations will be around $70,000. It presupposes coffee machines, a cash register, refrigerators and decoration elements. The Capacity to Produce the Product The ability to manufacture a product can be defined as competitive, offering an alternative to existing products on the market. The Approach to Quality Control Quality control will be carried out by daily checking the fulfillment of sanitary requirements for the premises, dishes, workers, inventory, etc. (Abrams, 2019). Supplies To provide products, it is planned to interact with local markets and private farmers to obtain the most environmentally friendly products. The Approach to Inventory Calculation of balances and comparison of the planned balance with the actual will be carried out every first day of the month. Time to Produce the Product After receiving the order, the employee will take up to 5 minutes to give the order to the client. Personnel Needs in Operations I need two baristas and an assistant with accounting experience to run my business. The accountant will receive an average of $60,000 depending on the profit and baristas – about $13 an hour with additional surcharges. Research and Development To keep abreast of the industry’s new developments, I need to visit forums and refresher courses. The development manager will be responsible for the research activities. It is planned to switch to orders in digital form through a mobile application. Reference Abrams, R. (2019). Successful Business Plan: Secrets & Strategies . PlanningShop. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Africana Ethnicity Studies Essay Table of Contents 1. Part One 2. Part Two 3. Conclusion 4. References Part One Africana studies is a very important interdisciplinary field because it analyzes the culture of Africans descents, living amongst us. This subject has challenged western ideology, which has biased cultural and social content. In addition, it illustrates the experiences of black people and their effect in the society. The studies also address issues related to family structure, history, and social and economic pressures. Thus it helps in eradicating stereotypes and racial discrimination. In the 1960s, black people felt that their legitimate voice in academia had been misinterpreted and marginalized. In addition, the fact that Africans’ experiences and historical contributions to the United States were missing in curricula fuelled the need for representation. These concerns raised in the past are no longer valid. This is because African studies have introduced African traditional disciplines and experiences into the curriculum. Black history month is a yearly celebration in the United States, which recognizes the role of blacks in shaping the country’s history. This festive season idea was created by the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History and the historian Carter Woodson in 1926 (King, p. 1307). The second week of February was proclaimed to be the Negro History Week. The blacks marked this period by celebrating their achievements. The African need for importance and recognition led to the formation of the black history month, which is still celebrated in this era. American history has been given more attention in the institution of learning. Since the information learned in schools about the Africans-Americans is limited, the blacks are feeling that their presence has not been appreciated. Fortuantely the introduction of Africana studies has made Americans be cognizant of the African-American counterpart’s existence. Additionally, insights from the African past before slavery has generates a stronger sense of identity to the black community. The introduction of African American studies in some schools has not changed the perspectives of most blacks regarding representation. The majority of the black students are not satisfied with the content of the subject. This is because they still have a feeling that their diasporic experiences have been ignored in popular culture and academia. African studies help in forming better a society since it fosters respect between different cultures. In addition, lessons learned counteracts the effects of white racism in society.counteractreasons, the study is highly commendable for every person who endeavors to interact fruitfully with people of Africa origin. Part Two This course emphasizes one importance of Africa and the African-American people to the United States. American history portrayed the Africa continent as being poor and uncivilized. However, this course has revealed the truth, which changed my perception. Currently, Africa plays a crucial role in the world, it has countries with very fast-growing economies and vibrant innovative individuals. The continent has interesting unmatched eco-diversity, different cultures, and languages. Apart from learning their history, this subject also provides ideas on how one can appreciate the continent and utilize the knowledge received to gain prosperity and new experiences. The significance of the African continent in dailyaily lives of the Americans had been underestimated. Problems affecting the region have huge impacts on the everyday activities of people. Mineral resources used in the world are mostly imported from Africa. For instance, the coltan component which is used in making phones are found in Africa. This information is only taught in African studies, which also empowers students to be informed, global citizens. Presently, African-Americans are forming more and more communities in America. They are enriching the current culture by bringing in their beliefs. African Studies increases our understanding of the immigrants within our neighborhood. Thus, it is important that knowledge, which promotes peaceful coexistence in our homes. The knowledge obtained from African studies increases our understanding of American and world history concerning the present occurrences. For example, the fact that the relationship between the Africans and the Americans predates the U.S independence is revealed in it. Africans played a vital role in the Industrial Revolution of America. This is because the enslaved people provided cheap labor. In addition, the profits obtained in the trans-Atlantic slave trade played a significant role in the growth of the American continent (Falola, p. 7). The awareness of Africans role in the establishment of economic foundations develops natives with respect for other people. Consequently, undertaking this course helps in the reduction of racism among the students and in society. Conclusion In my opinion, this course is worth taking and it is exciting too. The class enables one to appreciate and recognize the African-American minority group in our midst. The concepts learned in African studies deters us from believing the academic language of racism learned in other disciplines. The American system is unfair and the White-Americans have been benefiting from the systemic racism. This study enables an individual to be conscious of the prejudices directed to the minority group in the state. It also assists the students to realize their preconceptions that need change. References 1. Falola, Toyin. Africanizing knowledge: African studies across the disciplines . Routledge, 2017:7 2. King, LaGarrett Jarriel. “Teaching black history as a racial literacy project.” Race Ethnicity and Education 19.6 (2016): 1303-1318. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The firm in the year two thousand and four alleged that the Chinese and Russian firms sold magnesium in the US market at significantly low prices than the market value. Further, the company claimed that the dumping of magnesium in the American market caused an escalation of magnesium imports and a diminishing trend in the prices between the years two thousand and two and two thousand and three. According to the US magnesium company, the Chinese and Russian producers of magnesium traded the product below fair market value in order to drive the corporation out the business. As such, the firm brought a complaint dossier before the International Trade Commission (ITC) to rule on the matter. The ruling by the ITC had far-reaching implications on the US magnesium, the Russian and Chinese producers as well as the consumers of magnesium in the United States of America. In the determination of the petition, the commission considered the volumes of imported magnesium, their effect on the prices and producers of magnesium in the United States and came up with their judgment. The commission found China and Russia guilty of dumping and thus imposed levies of between 50 to150 percent on imports from Chinese firms. On the same note, Russian companies were imposed with a levy of between 20 to 25percent on their magnesium exports to the US market. The gainers from the anti-dumping duties levied on magnesium imports The US magnesium corporation was the major gainers in the petition since they were provided with the prospect of amassing a large number of customers consuming its product. In other words, the anti-dumping rule through the codification of the Russian and Chinese magnesium imports enabled the US producers to disconnect a number of its customers from accessing optional magnesium products from foreign firms. The losers in the petition The losers in the complaint were the Russian and Chinese companies since the anti dumping law discouraged the magnesium imports through the increased import tariffs thereby increasing the price of magnesium in the market. In principle, the anti dumping law led to the economic decline of the Chinese and Russian firms dealing in magnesium import in the US because they were unable to secure magnesium at the competitive prices. Impact of levies on national interests of the United States The commission examined the impact of the magnesium imports on the American market and made the ruling. In fact, the commission considered the economic factors that have demeanor on the magnesium industry’s state of affairs. Output, sales, market share, capacity utilization, and return on investment were considered. The commission found out that the Chinese and Russian companies posed threats to the domestic industry in terms of fair trade and competition. However, the ruling made the consumers of the magnesium worse off since the price of the product was higher in the American market compared to the world markets. Actually, the determination of the petition by the ITC in 2004 led to the rise in prices of magnesium in the US market to over $1.40 per pound. Magnesium prices continued to show an increasing trend until 2010 when the US prices reached an optimum $2.15 per pound. On the contrary, global prices hovered at $1.35 per pound. Generally, the levies imposed by the ITC ensured fair-trade as well as a level playing ground for the domestic producers of magnesium in the industry. The ruling by the ITC was not made in the best national interest of the US since there have been increased costs of magnesium alloys used in the mainstream industries. In addition, the domestic industries are unable to get alternatives for magnesium thereby making them uncompetitive in the world markets. Generally, the ruling by the ITC reflects desolate unpredictability of the US national trade policy. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
This model creates a basis for students to work through the understanding of a particular scientific concept as well as deeper this understanding by applying it to new tasks (Walbert 1). The learning cycle consists of three phases: exploration, invention and application. In exploration, students are to work in groups and explore the new material, trying to solve problems. In this phase, the teacher is a facilitator and provides assistance when needed. In the invention phase, the teacher leads the students to the core of the lesson. In this phase, students can share their ideas and observations gained in the exploration phase. Lastly, the concept application phase consists of a teacher posing a new problem for students to solve. The problem-solving should be based on the ideas and concepts learned from exploration and invention phases (Walbert 4). Activity Analysis Balanced Chemical Questions 1 Name the reactant(s) and product(s) in Model 1, and give their chemical formulas. Exploration (E) 2 What does the arrow represent in a chemical equation? Write your answer in a complete sentence, and compare your group’s answer to another group’s answer. (E) 3 Individually, list the important characteristics of a balanced chemical equation, and then develop a list from your whole group. Compare your group’s list to the lists of at least two other groups. (E) 4 Write the correct balanced equation for the reaction shown in the cartoon below. Compare your answer to the answers of at least two groups seated near you, and discuss any differences. Change your answer if needed. (E) 5 Is the general reaction depicted in #9 the same as the reaction in #10? If so, should the reaction be described by the same chemical equation? Explain clearly in writing. Invention (I) 6 Write the ratio, in fraction form, showing the relationship between the molecules of H2 consumed and molecules of NH3 formed. Include units. Application (A) 7 Indicate whether the statements below are ‘True’ or ‘False’. If a statement is false, make it true by changing or adding words. (A) 8 Use grammatically correct English sentences to describe how to calculate the mass of NH3 produced if Y grams of H2 react with excess N2. (A) 9 Use grammatically correct English sentences to describe how to calculate the mass of NH3 produced if Y grams of H2 react with excess N2. (A) 10 Hydrogen gas (H2) reacts with oxygen gas (O2) to form water vapor (H2O). What mass of oxygen gas is required to form 10.0 grams of water? (A) How Much is Too Much? 11 Circle all the water molecules depicted in the cartoon “B”. Exploration (E) What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen molecules that react in: 1. reaction A? 2. reaction B? 12 3. reaction C? (E) Compare your group’s answer to the answer of another group, and explain any differences. 13 Should O2 be included as a product in the balanced chemical equation for reaction C? Explain your answer using a complete sentence. All members of the group should have a sentence. (E) 14 How many moles of hydrogen react and how many are leftover in reaction III? Application (A) 15 Should H2 be included as a product in the balanced chemical equation for reaction III? Justify your reasoning using a complete sentence; compare your group’s sentence to that of another group. (E) 16 For each reaction mixture in #13, identify the limiting reagent. Go on to define limiting reagent using a complete sentence. (A) 17 Which reactant limits the quantity of H 2 O produced in reaction C? Which reactant is in excess? Invention (I) 18 Why do oxygen molecules appear on the right side of the arrow in reaction C? (I) 19 In reactions A, B, and C, are hydrogen atoms shown as solid or open circles? Are oxygen atoms shown as solid or open circles? Use your answer to make a legend for the model. (A) 20 The quantity of oxygen molecules is doubled in reaction C compared to reaction B; does the number of water molecules produced increase? (A) Thus, after the analysis of the chemistry activities provided, it is clear that the activities include all phases of the learning cycle. The tasks like writing equations and comparing the answers within the group and with other groups are the exploration phase of the learning cycle because the students have the possibility to develop their own opinions and hypotheses as well as test them via actual experiments and various observations. The stage of the invention is seen in the tasks like “Which reactant limits the quantity of H2O produced in reaction C? Which reactant is in excess?” are of the invention or introduction phase because students are asked to compare and analyze the concepts introduced in the phase of exploration. Lastly, the tasks like “For each reaction mixture in #13, identify the limiting reagent. Go on to define limiting reagent using a complete sentence” belong to the phase of application because students are asked to test their understanding of the learned concepts and work individually. Because the analyzed activities are designated to one specific topic, there is only one learning cycle in each task. The term introduction occurs in the pre-activity questions. The Process-Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) activities can be used in a variety of ways during the learning cycle. They can be helpful in completely turning the classroom into a learning environment with experiences gained separately and in groups. In a POGIL environment, the research students are actively involved in group activities to develop new skills and learn to work in teams on guided activities (Process-Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning 2). Works Cited Process-Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning . n.d. Web. Walbert, David. The Learning Cycle . n.d. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Demonstrations and Protests Essay Demonstrations and protests are forms of skirmishes that are led by a group of people for a particular cause or in order to achieve a specific result. It may involve the group of people marching or gathering at a designated venue to hold rallies and voice their concerns. Protests by the militia turn out to usually involve some form of violent actions and this necessitates the involvement of the police to safeguard the public as well as public property. Such demonstrations could well turn out to be commencement of warfare if not well handled. As such, the department of the Police Force tasked with managing and controlling such crowds is essentially the anti-riot police. The encounters the police have with the demonstrators should however be within the law because constitutionally, it is the right of the aggrieved parties to voice their views as long as their actions remain within the acceptable limits of the law (American Library Association, 2013). Under the Fourth Amendment, the law clearly states that, “the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized,” (Cornell University Law School, Legal Information Institute, 2013). Under the First Amendment, “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances” (Cornell University Law School, Legal Information Institute, 2013). Arresting an individual refers to employing officially permissible power to take away their rights in regard to moving about as well as their free will to do the same. The law in the United States requires that prior to arresting someone, that person must be given the Miranda warning which is a means of clarifying the individual’s rights. This provides an advantage for the suspects in that they cannot unintentionally incriminate themselves. The Miranda warning states that the individual should be made knowledgeable of the right to remain silent, the right to seek advice from a legal representative and have the legal representative in attendance throughout the duration of questioning, and the right to have a lawyer prearranged if one cannot afford to have one. Without this legal process, any accusations leveled against the accused are dismissible in a court of law. Title 42 U.S.C. Section 1983 protects protestors in that whoever denies them their constitutional rights shall be answerable in the courts of law, unless a ruling was dishonored (Forsythe, 2013). The current case law on protests is such that the legislation permits those charged with arraigning cases related to protests and demonstrations to indict any person who gains access to any structure devoid of authorization or with the objective to cause disorder to a gathering that is congregating in the name of the government, with a national misdemeanor. This is especially the case if the Secret Service is present on the location. However, the ruling does not only limit this scenario to the presidential residential settings but also to any other construction or premise which the president takes a trip to even if it is just for a short period of time, as long as it has an implication on national matters. Also included in this list are all other individuals under the protection of the Secret Service. This clearly means that it becomes a felony to interrupt any function attended by such personalities. When we put into consideration that searches and seizures which are the two main ways by which the police and other law enforcement agencies gather evidence of a crime, it may be important to note that the law requires that any investigation of an individual, property as well as incarceration of crime scene substantiation must be reasonable. One prerequisite which cannot be ignored is that of a search warrant from a judge. This entails details of the location, individuals concerned and what they may decide to confiscate; though if there is a crisis, they may be overlooked. Also required is that in responding to a planned demonstration, the police force may employ extra law enforcement protection to deter violence during events expected to excite the interests of the public, and they may institute reasonable time, place and manner restrictions on all groups wishing to protest (Find Law, 2013). Nonetheless, people cannot be deprived of their constitutional right to demonstrate on publicly in whatever form be it through marching, debates or rallies. All this is on condition that any assemblage must acquire authorization in form of a permit that specifies the time, venue and mode in which their activities will take place to guarantee the security and order of the public (Forsythe, 2013). Reference List American Library Association. (2013). First Amendment of the Bill of Rights to the United States Constitution. Web. Cornell University Law School, Legal Information Institute. (2013). First Amendment . Web. Find Law. (2013). Search and Seizure. Web. Forsythe. (2013). A guide to civil rights liability under 42 u.s.c. § 1983: An overview of supreme court and eleventh circuit precedent. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Omnibus Bills of the National Congress in the US Essay (Article) An omnibus bill refers to a law that is still in the proposal stage but it includes unrelated subjects. Anything can be included in an omnibus bill. The bill itself is a single legislation document that can be passed in one voting session. An omnibus bill usually includes a main subject (for example, budget) but it may still address other unrelated issues (like healthcare). For example, a bill that is primarily meant to amend budgetary allocations might still introduce amendments or new laws on unrelated issues. The unrelated issues are often referred to as “pork”. In the United States, omnibus bills are mostly used by the National Congress. Omnibus bills have been used when passing legislations in the United States for a number of decades. The first widespread use of omnibus bills was during the 1970s. During this period, the United States changed the manner in which budget legislation was undertaken. The Congress decided to include all the aspects of a federal budget in a single bill. This bill accounted for the legislation requirements of different departments and their budgetary allocations. The motive behind instituting omnibus bills is that they act as a timesaving mechanism for law making bodies. An omnibus bill takes less time to debate on, vote on, and pass. If these bills were to be tabled and discussed independently, it would take much more time to pass them. Although omnibus bills save the Congress a lot of time and resources, they also have their disadvantages. Most omnibus bills are enormous and they may include many pieces of legislation. For example, Canada once passed a 126-page omnibus bill that consisted of 120 amendments (Krutz 216). The enormity of such bills makes it possible for legislators to “burry” items in an omnibus bill. Citizens are usually unable to identify the buried items until it is too late and the bill has been passed. Once it becomes apparent that a bill consists of “hidden” items, there can be efforts to amend the finer details of the bill adding more workload to legislators and bill writers. In the last ten years, there have been calls to substitute omnibus bills with clean bills. Clean bills do not include unrelated issues in one piece of legislation. However, even clean bills can still include unnecessary appropriations. This happened in 2009 when the spending bill was signed into law. Some parties argued that this bill contained an extra eight billion dollars in additional appropriations. There were also calls for President Obama to veto this bill on the account of these additional appropriations. There are various instances in the recent past when omnibus bills have been used in the United States. One of the more popular bills of this nature is the $700 billion bank-bailout bill passed in 2008. This bill contained very unusual elements. For example, one amendment concerned the “Mental Health Parity Act” (Krutz 214). This amendment required insurance companies to harmonize medical and mental health insurance services. Attaching this insurance law to a bailout bill is one of the confusions that arise from omnibus bills. Omnibus bills work on the principle of joining different legislations with the aim of simplifying the law making process. However, omnibus bills are susceptible to abuse and their use is usually accompanied by various controversies. The basic architecture of an omnibus law is similar to the operations of a public service bus. Therefore, an omnibus bill is like a “busload of laws” in a single bill. Works Cited Krutz, Glen. “Tactical Maneuvering on Omnibus Bills in Congress”. American Journal of Political Science 23.1 (2009): 210-223. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Functional Behavior Assessment and Motivating Operations Essay The utility of the Functional Behavioral Assessment The use of the Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) has a series of benefits opposing to other methods. The principal strength of this method resides in the fact that it is focused on determining the motives of a particular behavior. As a result, a psychologist is enabled to resolve the problem by eliminating its cause. It is critical to note that this method has numerous advantages comparing to the “old school” methods that emphasized the form of behavior. Therefore, form-focused approaches would not allow resolving the problem completely as they analyzed the outcomes rather than the underpinning reasons. Another “old school” method – topography – was also inefficient in comparison to the FBA. Thus, the former registered actual behavior without examining the factors that provoked it. In the meantime, practice shows that similar behavior expressions can be motivated by different conditions; therefore, they need to be addressed differently (Cooper, Heron, & Howard, 2007). The implementation of the FBA has been widely studied throughout the past decades. Thus, the problem was first addressed by Peterson, Bijou, and Ault, who focused on the significance of the motivation that determines a person’s behavior. The problem was further studied in 70-s and 80-s, and the importance of “function” became undoubted. One of the most significant contributions to the study of the FBA method was performed by Carr, who carried out a series of relevant studies aimed at testing the efficacy of the FBA approach (Steege & Watson, 2009). It is also critical to note that the term, as well as the relevant approach, became widely applied only after this method was elucidated in the Public-Law 105-17. Before that, psychologists and practitioners would use some of its basic concepts, but the term would seldom be applied (Steege & Watson, 2009). Motivative Operations Motivative operations constitute the basis of the FBA concept. Thus, they represent the factors that determine a person’s behavior in different ways. The relevant term is normally applied to such factors that either strengthen or weaken the potential effectiveness of a particular consequence (Cooper, Heron, & Howard, 2007). There are various types of motivative, or the so-called “motivating” operations, among which, it is essential to point out establishing operations and discriminative stimuli. Thus, the former refers to those factors that influence one’s motivation to perform a particular action (Cooper, Heron, & Howard, 2007). For example, a person is more likely to enjoy a walk in a park, in case he or she has previously spent a lot of time indoors. The latter, in its turn, describes the response provided immediately after the behavioral performance (Cooper, Heron, & Howard, 2007). Hence, people often refuse to obey essentially after they hear a command. It is also critical to distinguish between conditioned and unconditioned motivating operations. The first type refers to natural inborn operations that a person carries out without considering it. Hence, there are some established unconditioned motivations, such as the deprivation of sleep or water, which have a relatively equal impact on all humans. The second type, conditioned motivating operations, is more complex as it refers to the so-called “learned” operations. This kind of motivating operations is individual for every person. The analysis of motivative operation plays a critical role in FBA as it provides some insights into the potential changes in a person’s behavior. Reference List Cooper, J.O., Heron, T.E., & Howard, W.L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis . Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education. Steege, M.W., & Watson, T.S. (2009). Conducting school-based functional behavioral assessments: A practitioner’s guide . New York, New York: The Guilford Press. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Comparing and Contrasting the Milton and Frost Poems Essay Table of Contents 1. A few more parallels 2. Some more contrasting features 3. Conclusion 4. References The lines given above are from two poems: When I Consider How My Light Is Spent taken from John Milton’s sonnet on his blindness and the poem The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost. (Barnet, Cain & Burto, 2007). Milton’s question might be rhetorical; still, it is a query indicating the lurking doubts. Frost’s lines indicate almost naïve wishful thinking. The course of both poets’ introspection happens to come fortunately to a satisfactory and almost smug conclusion. Milton’s puritanical background was so staunch that he considered God’s will above everything else. The parable of talents from the Bible alluded to in the sonnet speaks of his fears above his transgressions of the omnipotent will. The fear later vanishes at the realization of the all-loving and just God. Frost’s line of thinking seems to exclude supernatural power. Yet, the readers of his lyric can surmise that he is weighing life’s choices available to individuals. He avers that both the roads were equally fresh and inviting. This perhaps is because of his inherently optimistic and cheerful nature. The readers may wonder what would have happened if the choice had been between two invalid coins. For life does throw up impossible situations far too often! Both the poets come out of their doubts and fears in their individual and inimitable ways. While Milton visualizes himself as a minor cog in the wheel which has been provided with its own working space and capacity, Frost assumes that the divergent roads he was asked to choose from were equally unblemished. Having lived a life of acceptance and contentment, he again assumes he had chosen the less trodden path that “made all the difference” (Frost, 1999). It is not difficult for the readers to readily grant Frost this bit of ego-trip. After all his present character is something most humans possess. A few more parallels The similarities that can be identified in these two poems begin with the central theme of retrospection. Both poets seem to look back on their achievements and inabilities with the same sense of nostalgia. There is a conscious effort to bring into focus the possible reasons for achieving some considerable success in life. At the same time, there is also a glance, a significant one, to be aware of the seamier side of life. Another noteworthy point that seems to put Frost and Milton on even keel, is the fact that there is a tone of almost self-righteous fulfillment in having accomplished something. Again, both poets immediately switch over to the other side, which might have taken away the sheen of their success. Some more contrasting features The puritan Milton, who studied the Bible intensely and also lived by its tenets as strictly as possible, evaluates his life according to them. There is a constant and conscious effort to draw the reader’s attention to Biblical allusions – the story of the talent and the vineyard parable. Milton first thinks of his inability to produce any great literature, which was like the sons burying their respective talents (their remuneration). However, he also, later on, gets the comforting thought that the all-loving and just God would not punish him which is expressed in the rhetorical question that this essay begins with. Frost, on the other hand, has been the simple farmer, who had “much to say on either side” like the famous character of Addison’s Coverley Papers, Sir Roger de Coverley. (Addison & Steele, 2002). However, Frost concludes that he chose the road that was ‘less traveled by’ which ‘made all the difference’. This is indicative of his ambivalent attitude. Milton of course has the comfort of Biblical dogma that the Lord knows what is best for each human being. This is reiterated in his poem L’Allegro where harmony is found behind twisting chains and intricacies of life. (Milton, 2008). Conclusion The verse forms of both these poems are different – Milton has characteristically produced a grand sonnet, in iambic pentameter whereas Frost in his simple but effective style has produced a twentieth lyric. However, both poets, like all of us want to look back and arrive at a reasonably comforting thought to justify our existence. While Milton emphasizes the all-loving and just superpower, Frost talks about the available resources from which we humans have to make the best of, to live a life of contentment. The puritan poet’s presentation is a dogmatic picture whereas the farmer-poet’s paradoxical stance is to be happy with whatever is available. References Addison, Joseph & Steele Richard. The Sir Roger de Coverley Papers from the Spectator. University Press of the Pacific. 1974. Barnet Sylvan, Cain, W.E. & Burto, W.E. Literature for Composition: Essays, Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Longman. 2007. Frost, Robert. Mountain Interval. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1920; Bartleby.com, 1999. Luxon, Thomas H., ed. The Milton Reading Room , 2008. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
World-System Analysis by Immanuel Wallerstein Report World system is an approach that emphasizes the need to consider the world as one structure where everything that happens is closely related with one another (Wallerstein 1). The world system has developed over the centuries to maturity. It can be traced back to around 1500. It started in the Western Europe where the prolonged crisis of feudism paved the way for the technological advancements (Wallerstein 3). This saw increased production that the Europeans wanted to explore other parts of the world. During the 16 th century, there was division of labor for the core countries and peripheral areas. This triggered a sense of inequality because all countries expected that they would have developed equally. Some regions promoted the capitalist spirit where the world would no longer have national leaders or territories. During the 20 th century, the world system was at its peak with the capitalist markets had spread throughout the world (Wallerstein 13). It thrived well the American hegemony when US had a lot influence on people. This influence, however, reduced significantly at the end of the Cold War. With pressure from the communist countries, the world system did remain. Works cited Wallerstein, Immanuel M. World-systems analysis: an introduction . Duke University, 2004: 1-13. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The trust in the Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust ( RUH Bath ) achieved its goal through the maximization of employees’ potential as the organization sought continued improvement (Gardner et al., 2010). There are several different concepts under TQM including employee involvement, partnership with suppliers and setting performance measures that have been satisfied. Other concepts such as patient satisfaction in RUH Bath have not been achieved as the waiting time for patients is still wanting. Under TQM , the focus is to ensure that problems are prevented by leveraging on staff members which has not been the case at RUH Bath . The technique also seeks to ensure that the quality of healthcare is improved through education and progressive training of the personnel. The strategy eliminates numerical approaches to quality as well as other barriers that interfere with employee satisfaction (Astbury & Leeuw, 2010). In TQM , the leadership and the management of the organization purposefully make willing decisions that orient the organization towards achieving patient satisfaction through the employees. For example in the RUH Bath case, the organization’s management focused on implementing the warning notice from the NHS . The leadership of the organization also served as an example by setting strategies that lay emphasis on the improvement of quality (Hughes, 2008). The success of TQM depends heavily on the skills and knowledge of the entire staff force hence requiring that teamwork be established to ensure that the employees synergize their efforts. RUH Bath has not been able to achieve the desired level of cooperation as a result of not having enough skilled labor. TQM holds the view that all health care operations are a process with inputs and outputs that can be improved to ensure patient satisfaction. The healthcare organizations also need to anticipate any changes in the process and establish necessary strategies. The quality circles also require that new strategies are tested before full adoption. Continuous Quality Management (CQI) CQI is a process that involves healthcare staff in the process of improving existing systems to ensure that client’s satisfaction is met. CQI has several concepts that indicate that an organization’s success is achieved by meeting the client’s needs. Thus, when RUH Bath is assessed under CQI , it can be said to have progressed in terms of quality given the fact that the existing issues were tackled rather than focusing on changing the employees (Hughes, 2008). However, it is notable that RUH Bath needs to increase its staffing levels as well as provide more training on handling children. CQI holds that an organization should focus on reducing burdensome processes while at the same time adopting procedures that guarantee the desired results in a smooth manner. The staff are bound to accept any changes in the system if they are made aware of the expected outcomes (Jha & Epstein, 2010). Further problems can be averted by testing the proposed changes through piloting them on a regulated number of patients. Hughes (2008) argues that the organizational leadership under CQI is responsible for setting the direction towards quality. A healthcare leader, who intends to align the staff with the goal of ensuring patient satisfaction through meeting their expectations, must motivate and steer the team towards the identified goal. The organization’s leadership is also responsible for aligning the entire staff with the organization’s culture that should be embedded in the principles of CQI . The process of CQI begins with providing quality training to the employees on the importance of the process and the expected outcomes. The organization is required to ensure that there is a continued collection of the necessary data as well as analysis. In the case of RUH Bath , the hospital needs to improve reporting of incidents so that the staff can learn from their mistakes. List of References Astbury B & Leeuw F 2010, ‘Unpacking Black Boxes: Mechanisms and Theory Building in Evaluation. American Journal of Evaluation , vol. 31, pp. 363-381. Gardner K, Dowden M, Togni S & Bailie R 2010, ‘Understanding uptake of continuous quality improvement in Indigenous primary health care: lessons from a multi-site case study of the Audit and Best Practice for Chronic Disease project. Hughes, R 2008, Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses . Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville Implement Science, vol. 5, pp. 21. Jha, A., & Epstein, A 2010. Hospital Governance and the Quality of Care. Health Affairs vol. 29, no.1, pp.182–187 | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
An Airplane and Its Inventors, the Wright Brothers Essay The airplane is perhaps the most advanced commercial application of technological innovation achieved by man. It allows people to travel long distances that would take weeks and even months before it was invented (Foulois and Glines 32). The distance that people used to be scared of traveling is now covered in hours in comfort and relaxation. However, the modern airplane that we now turn to went through a very long journey of development before it came into the form in which we see it today. And we owe it all to the inventors of the airplane. The airplane was invented by brothers Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright in 1903. The brothers are also often referred to as the Wright Brothers (Niz 29). The American brothers were in the bicycle business and were fully aware of the mechanics that a mechanical contraption should include. They experimented a lot and they perfected things like axis control and propeller design. The brothers were not concerned with engine development but were the pioneers of the aircraft development world since they brought a dream to life (Wegener 45). Because of their efforts, the aircraft was recognized to be more than a dream, and flying was considered to be a possibility for the first time in human history. The two brothers were obsessed with the idea of having a man fly in the air like birds. They were expert engineers with extensive experience in bicycle manufacturing but would continuously consider ways and methods to put their engineering expertise to use so that they could invent the flying machine. Through years of experimentation and analysis of unmanned flying contraptions, the Wright brother slowly and steadily began to understand the mechanics of flight. They experimented with unmanned flying contraptions as well as manned flying contraptions in which they would fly the aircraft themselves. Their initial flying machines were nothing more than simple gliders. They kept working on their gliders until they perfected the challenges they faced. They gave a great degree of importance to pilot safety and also chose to work had to figure out ways to ensure that the pilot would land safely. When one goes through the numerous advantages that the airplane now provides man, it is evident that the contribution made by the Wright brothers to technology is immense. There is no replacement for the airplane. It is one of man’s greatest achievements that the Wright brothers have given us. Perhaps no words highlight the role of the Wright brothers in the invention of the airplane like those written as the label of the original Wright Flyer at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.: “The world’s first power-driven heavier-than-air machine in which man-made free, controlled, and sustained flight. Invented and built by Wilbur and Orville Wright. Flown by them at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina December 17, 1903. By original scientific research, the Wright brothers discovered the principles of human flight. As inventors, builders, and flyers they further developed the airplane, taught man to fly and opened the era of aviation” (Wright and Kelly 54). We can conclude from the above discussion that the Wright brothers were indeed the inventors of the airplane and that their pioneering of the technology of manned flight came forth as an opportunity for man to explore a field that has now expanded into new horizons of its own. References Foulois, Benjamin Delahauf and Carroll V. Glines. From the Wright Brothers to the Astronauts. New York: Ayer Publishing, 1980. Niz, Xavier. The Wright Brothers and the Airplane. Minnesota: Capstone Press, 2007. Wegener, Peter P. What Makes Airplanes Fly?: History, Science, and Applications of Aerodynamics. New York: Springer-Verlag New York Inc., 1991. Wright, Orville and Fred Charters Kelly. How we Invented the Airplane: An Illustrated History. 54. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1953. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Change Management at Kudler Fine Foods Virtual Report (Assessment) Applicable level of the organizational change Change management is a structured approach which aims at translating/shifting an organization, functional teams, or individuals from current/past state to a desired future state. The applicable level of change that should take place at Kudler Fine Foods Virtual is infrastructure layer. At this layer focus is on how the organization can improve its current business infrastructures and leadership skills so that it can attain high productivity. The company should change the mode of human, physical and information resources management and focus on making the processes more efficient. Kudler Fine Foods Virtual management team should start to appreciate the role played by its personnel and enact policies that can nurture talents, tap intellectualism, and motivate human capital (Yukl, 2010). Business management scholars have agreed that there is always a room for improvement in an organization despite how well its operations seem to be: there are different approaches leading an organization to improve performance, most of the approaches depend on the skills and knowledge of human capital in an organization. They have suggested that companies should have continuous performance management and evaluation and make interventions when required to do so; this can happen when there is good leadership in the organization. In current competitive business environment, Kudler Fine Foods Virtual is likely to suffer from the challenge of retaining its effective and quality managers as they are job-hopping in search for better employers with wages as the main motivator for the job-hopping. The process of change starts by systematic diagnosis of the situation to transform and gauging the capability to change; the process involves all stakeholders at different levels. When making business change decisions, Kudler Fine Foods Virtual leaders should analyze both external and internal factors that are likely to affect the business. In modern changing business environment, companies need to have strategic policies to enable them remain competitive and profitable; they are affected by external and internal operating environments, thus making the right interventions via change is crucial. Globalization and international trade has opened massive opportunities that companies can venture into; when operating in the global scenes, decisions and policies developed should be responsive to the needs of the particular business environment that the company aims at venturing. When enacting the changes, the company should understand that subordinate staff plays a crucial role in the process; they should be involved right from the start. The major changes that will occur for the applicable levels The change level likely to occur at Kudler Fine Foods Virtual is infrastructure layer; the change is likely to be felt in three main areas as: Reward structure Workers engage their mind, time, expertise, and intellectualism in their works; they expect to be compensated through wages, salaries, bonuses, and non-cash benefits. According to Kudler Fine Foods Virtual employment agreement, an employer and employee are obliged to respect labor law in the country of operation and uphold to employment-contract terms and conditions. Although the structure Kudler Fine Foods Virtual operates to-date conforms to the requirements of the law, the management should intervene and make some changes that will make employees feel comfortable and become loyal to the company. Developing an efficient team is the role of personnel management assisted by top and line managers; it starts with human resources planning to appraisal, motivation, rewards, and ends with termination of employment contract. Terms of employment vary with organizations and so do human resources practices like selection, contracting, and recruitment. When developing a reward strategy, the main problem that human resources managers have is to decide whether compensation should be based on seniority within the organization or on performance. Measurement systems To know the areas of improvement and gauge the rate at which Kudler Fine Foods Virtual attain its corporate goals and objectives, the management should devise effective performance measurement strategies. The strategies should be strong enough that they ensure full utilization of the company’s resources and factors of production. Objectives sets by management should be attainable through they should be high enough that the resources of the company are utilized effectively. One of the major functions of human resources department is developing a compensation strategy that satisfies all the employees irrespective of their rank, an effective reward strategy should be able to trigger motivation and increase the zeal to work-hard in an organization; the plan should be effective enough that it correspond to the contribution an employee has on an organization (Bowditch, Buono & Stewart, 2008). Management method Kudler Fine Foods Virtue Company should embrace current team leadership management strategy; according to the method, the company will have effective leaders who can be able to develop orchestrate teams. The company’s leaders should pose good communication skills, the skills will enable them pass information to their team members and receive feedback from the team. Leaders have the role of implementing strategies, entrepreneurial and mandated with the role of creating a winning team. Different situations and organization calls for different leadership styles, thus Kudler Fine Foods Virtual company management should ensure that they understand the kind of style that best works for the company. References Bowditch, J. L., Buono, A. F., & Stewart, M. M. (2008). A primer on organizational behavior . Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. Yukl, G. (2010). Leadership in organizations. Upper Saddle River: Wiley | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Fashion History’s Understanding Essay (Article) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Discussion 3. Conclusion 4. Reference List Introduction Fashion is a term that is used to describe the current trends in dressing especially in clothes, accessories, hair styles and footwear. Culture and customs affects the fashion of a particular society. Has fashion really affected the culture? Fashion is usually imitated across cultures and this leads to lack of order in a culture. This makes society lose identity as they eventually forget their roots in culture. Fashion keeps changing and this leads to instability in cultures. Fashion is usually seasonal and changes with time. What is the trend of growth in fashion? What has led to the accelerated change in fashion? This paper will look at fashion in depth and answer questions on change in fashion. Discussion Fashion is a word that is used to refer to clothing in general. This refers to costumes, fabrics, and designs used to make dresses. In western culture, fashion has been changing rapidly depending on seasons. These have been observed by other cultures and have commented on it as instability and lack of order in western culture. In western nations, there have been continuous changes in clothing for men and women. Fashion distinct classes of people in the society where complex and sophisticated fashion is related with the rich and modernity. Change in fashion has been accelerating century after another as it has been now taken by many people as a career. Fashion is also dictated by the occasion, for example, weddings (Laver, 1979). Art historians are able to use fashion in dating images with confidence and clarity. They do this after five years as in 15th century. Marie. Icon of fashion Changes in fashion have continuously distinguished the upper class of Europeans and also have led to development of distinctive national styles. The affluence of early modern Europe has led even the poor and peasants’ following the trends of fashion at a distance and this is the main motor of change in fashion. The 16th century portraits in German and Italy makes a good example as there were changes in hats designs and it was referred as Spanish style (Timothy, 1999). Colour and pattern of clothes changed year after year but cuttings on length of dresses of both ladies and coats of men changed slowly. Men styles usually were imitated from military officers or in theatres of European war where men were able to dress up in foreign styles. Increased publication of French engravings that showed Paris styles made the fashion to change rapidly from 1780s. By 1800 western Europeans were dressing alike although there were local variations that distinguished provincial culture (Braudel, 2004). Dressmakers and tailors have contributed to the changes in fashion for they continue to invent new styles and designs in the market. Professional designers have a hand in the accelerated change in fashion. The flapper styles of 1920s for women marked the major changes in design. The length of skirts was shortened and they were made to be loose fitting (Cumming, 2005). Today, people have a wide range of fashion to choose from. The way a person dresses may reflect his/ her personality. Fashion varies across a society depending on culture, age, weather, occupation, generation and geography. Fashion industry developed as a result of modernity. With the new technologies, fashion industry has greatly developed and clothes are being made from simple to most complex fashion. This has led to changes in fashion and people always wanting to go with the most current fashion. People who like their culture continue making clothes relating to their culture though slowly by slowly culture is being forgotten (Intellectual Property in Fashion Industry, 2005). Conclusion Fashion has continued to grow over centuries and this has been greatly contributed by modernity. Culture to some extent dictates the growth and adaption of a particular fashion. Fashion differentiates classes of people in the society where complex and sophisticated fashion is related with the rich and modernity. Change in fashion has been accelerating century after another as it has been now taken by many people as a career. Tailors, dressmakers, and designers have contributed to the increased trend in change of fashion. Fashion varies across a society depending on culture, age, weather, occupation, generation, and geography. Reference List Braudel, A. (2004). Understanding Fashion History . New York: Costume & Fashion Press. Cumming, V. (2005). Western Fashion History . New York: Costume & Fashion Press. Intellectual Property in Fashion Industry (2005). WIPO press release Laver, J. (1979). The Concise History of Costume and Fashion . London: Abrams press. Timothy, B. (1999). The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China . California: University of California Press. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The tribe’s cultural heritage is rich, as is its history. The people of the tribe speak the Chichewa language, which is one of the national languages of the African country Malawi. Currently, one and a half million people live in this tribe, occupying the territory of both Zambia and Malawi. However, the Chewa people do not consider themselves part of those countries. Rather, they belong to Bantu, even though they live in the central part of Malawi. Religion plays a vital role in the life of the Chewa and intertwines with all aspects of their lives. The Achewa believe in God and that He created all living beings. The tribe practices a religious dance called Gule Wamculu, which praises God through pagan dance in masks and stands at the core of their culture. This dance is an integral part of religious practices and brings with it certain requirements that both children and adults must meet to join the dance (Longwe, 2014). The tradition dates far back in history but today faces resistance from other established churches. Currently, the people belong to several religious groups: local traditional cults, Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, and even Judaism to a lesser extent (Friedenthal & Kavanaugh, 2014). Only approximate data is available: it is thought that around 75 percent of the population is Christian (divided into 55 percent Protestants and 20 percent Catholics); 20 percent are Muslim; 3 percent follow traditional African beliefs and practices; and, 2 percent are active parishioners of Afro-Christian churches. Active dissemination of Christianity began during colonial expansion when Western European countries captured vast territories of the African continent. At present, Christians make up a quarter of the Achewa population, and there are about three times fewer Catholics than the Protestants. It is worth noting that Christianity was spread in the second half of the 19th century, as the Church tried to take an active part in public life. Islam was brought to Africa from the Arabian Peninsula (Friedenthal & Kavanaugh, 2014), and the Arabs spread Islam through administrative and economic measures: those who converted to Islam were exempted from the heavy poll tax and received the same rights as Muslim Arabs. Islam became the leading religion alongside Christianity and ancient religious traditions. Christian African churches in the Achewa tribe are organizations that were separated from the Western Churches. They have created their own dogma, rituals and ceremonies that combine traditional and pagan elements with the beliefs and practices of Christianity (Longwe, 2014). In Western literature, they are called syncretic, Messianic or separatist churches or sects. These organizations were originally of anti-colonial character and represented a form of protest against enslavement. Over time, these movements obtained only religious grounds. Currently, they are only religious organizations and often stand in opposition to the government. Hinduism is practiced in Achewa by immigrants from the Indian subcontinent and their descendants, but their number is small. Only a minimal number of tribe inhabitants profess to follow Judaism; in particular, there is a small group of Ashkenazi Jews who originally hailed from European countries. Overall, geographical positioning has influenced the religious backgrounds of Achewa as well as its history; however, the tribe has retained certain ancient religious practices over decades and generations. References Longwe, H. H. (2014). Identity by dissociation. A history of the Achewa providence industrial mission. Oxford, UK: African Books Collective. Friedenthal, L., & Kavanaugh, D. (2014). Religions of Africa. Broomall, PA: Mason Crest. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Gender inequality in Algeria Essay Historically, men have always dominated in both social and private lives of women and Algeria is not any different. Algerian women had to suffer extreme hardships from French colonizers and then their husbands and government. Women have had a deciding role in Algeria gaining its independence from France but this did not change the matter of things and cruel and unusual treatment that they receive today, should not be tolerated or allowed. Zahia Smail Salhi in an article titled “The Algerian feminist movement between nationalism, patriarchy and Islamism” talks about the abuse Algerian women have received at the hand of the French colonizers. They were sexually assaulted, auctioned, killed and dehumanized. It is extremely difficult to accept that mere one hundred and fifty to two hundred years ago, a civilized European nation, France, could allow such atrocities to happen. Soldiers behaved like savages excluding themselves from all that is human. Women had no way of fighting back, as Algerian men were also being colonized. This added even more hardships to women because they would suffer from their husbands too, who were angry and mistreated by the French colonizers. Then, the French realizes that the key to overtake Algeria is to strike at its heart, which was women and their preservation of homes and tradition. They set out to assimilate female population and the treatment worsened. Women had no choice but to fight back and they took up arms. They led active warfare against soldiers and patrols and finally succeeded. At the time the French were still present and Algeria was a colony, women’s rights movement has begun; this took place in 1940 (Salhi, 2010). Catherine Lloyd describes the next era that has begun when women started a revolution and the feminist movement has gained great momentum. The article “From taboo to transnational political issue: Violence against women in Algeria” describes the revolution at the time of occupation by French, which added even larger strain to the conditions in the country. The French realized that they had to fight against the whole nation and their cruelty increased, “it was estimated that Algeria lost a quarter of its population, in the period up to independence in 1962” (Lloyd, 2006). Women’s protests and fighting for their rights continued on two fronts, one was the French domination and the other was their own national government and male population, with a view that segregated and dehumanized women. It seems unacceptable and unimaginable that some twenty years ago, in the modern age of human rights and freedoms, women had to and still suffer such abuse. The most despicable fact is that during the colonization and the Revolution women would fight alongside men and there would marriages between comrades. The Algerian society was united where women were appreciated and enjoyed equal treatment and authority. But after the war has ended and women returned to their homes, men went back to their old ways and continued to deny women of their rights and freedoms. This sort of treatment led to the next period of fighting of women for their equality that continues in the present times. An article titled “Women and politics in Algeria from the war of Independence to our day” by Djamila Amrane rightfully signifies an important and deciding role that women played in the independence of Algeria. It centers on the help that they provided in the following years but acknowledgement of their input disappeared, as if it did not exist. The fact that women helped to build back the ruins of society and the heroism they showed in the war efforts, was forgotten by their husbands and the government. Men would get divorced from their wives and get married to younger women and this left their previous wives homeless and with children. The laws deprived the female population of all rights, giving full authority to the man. The government kept reinforcing policies that were degrading and unjust to women. It was forgotten that more than ten thousand women fought for Algeria and helped society get back on its feet. Women would not be allowed to work in professions that required formal and higher education, they would be denied to unveil themselves in public and any form of protest was strictly prosecuted (Amrane, 1999). Governmental and social abuse of female population continued to the modern times and is described by Karima Bennoune in an article “The war against women in Algeria”. Again, women were forced to form underground organizations and the fierce and determined women’s movement resumed its strength. As if this was not enough, the nineties and the modern days have brought about an Armed Islamic Group that would openly shoot and kill women in public. The religious fundamentalists would and trained militants would subject women who did not wear their veil to inhuman suffering. There are a number of cases where students would get acid thrown in their faces if they appeared in public without a veil, young girls and women would get kidnapped, assaulted and killed (Bennoune, 1995). The modern times have brought about same harsh and beast-like treatment of women. All four articles describe horrific treatment of women in different periods of time by men and government. Women are still forced to meet in secret and fight against traditions that are not relevant anymore. The long history of women’s fighting and protection of their nation was not enough to change the world. Women deserve equal rights, freedom and respect, as much as men do, if not more. References Amrane, D. (1999). Women and politics in Algeria from the war of Independence to our day. Research in African Literatures . 30(3), 62-77. Bennoune, E. (1995). The war against women in Algeria. Ms, 6 , 22. Lloyd, C. (2006). From taboo to transnational political issue: Violence against women in Algeria. Women’s Studies International Forum. 29(5), 453–462. Salhi, Z. (2010). The Algerian feminist movement between nationalism, patriarchy and Islamism. Women’s Studies International Forum. 33(2), 113–124. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The regulations will defend the economic well-being of the legitimate immigrants who have already settled in the US while restricting the admission of foreign workers illegally (Zandi, Lafakis, White, & Ozimek, 2016). President Donald J. Trump wants to ensure that immigrants are chosen based on value and self-sufficiency. He is planning to put in place stringent vetting procedures with a view of supporting values, institutions, and people of the US. To accomplish this objective, there is a plan to suspend the immigration of people from countries that are prone to terrorism. According to Zandi et al. (2016), the president of the United States advocates the extradition of unlawful immigrants. Demanding employment policies will be implemented to assist in tracking illegal citizens using automated verification. The e-verify system, which has been implemented in several states, allows an employer to access the national online database to identify whether an employee is a legal citizen or has an authentic work permit. This strategy will make it hard for undocumented immigrants to access employment opportunities in the US. As a result, voluntary deportation among unemployed immigrants is likely to rise. Besides, the US president calls for the termination of sanctuary cities where local regulations control the revelation of immigration statuses to legal officers. To accomplish this plan, the president has vowed to cut off federal grants to any city that fails to abide by the national laws. Lastly, he strongly believes that the construction of a wall along the US-Mexican border will assuage the entry of undocumented immigrants into the United States (Hidalgo, 2017). The implication of President Donald J. Trump’s Immigration Policy on Terrorism The regulations mentioned above mark a regime shift in the US immigration policy. Although it is uncertain how the president will drive America’s economy, there are various implications of the new laws on the prevention of terrorism. For instance, immigrants from countries of particular concern such as Iraq, Syria, Libya, Sudan, Somalia, Yemen, and Iran have been banned from entering the US regardless of the validity of their visas. This move is deemed to protect the country from terrorists who enter the US disguised as refugees or tourists (Hidalgo, 2017). The reformed visa issuance process will play a pivotal role in the exposure of people linked to terrorism. Hidalgo (2017) reveals that numerous undocumented immigrants in the US have been convicted of crimes related to terrorism. Civil unrest, war, and strife in various countries have incredibly increased the number of terrorists entering the United States under the name of refugees. The vigilance anticipated in the new US administration, especially on the issuance of visas, will ensure that the country does not admit any person who has ties to terrorism. The vetting of immigrants using a national database will provide grounds for admitting only those people who fit in the values and dogmas of the country; hence, protecting Americans from foreign nationals having bad intentions. However, there is a need to remain vigilant in the vetting procedures not to harm lawful residents in the country. For instance, the mass deportation of immigrants who have lived in the country for about ten years will do more harm than good to the Americans. Lastly, the foreseen discrimination against Muslim countries is likely to challenge them to engage in a war with the US in a bid to defend Islam against destruction. References Hidalgo, J. (2017). Trump’s Immigration Policies: A Path to Resistance. Web. Zandi, M., Lafakis, C., White, D., & Ozimek, A. (2016). The Macroeconomic Consequences of Mr. Trump’s Economic Policies. Moody’s Analytics. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Analysis of the article “Emergency Response Framework for Aviation XML Services on MANET” Report (Assessment) The article addresses a technological framework that enables to respond to an aviation disaster. Emergency response in aviation has continued to be a major concern in the modern aviation. In the recent years, this has been facilitated but communication infrastructure and advances in information technology. As a result, to attain interoperable and efficient information network, it is essential to design an infrastructure that will not fail in case of an actual emergency situation. As a result, ATENAA project promotes the use of Aeronautical MANETs that comprises ad hoc aircraft, which is a communication transmission. MANETs is an XML service network that enables transmission of information regardless of the current infrastructural network. XML service is the software that allows the network transmissions and enables aircraft operations both on air and on land (Xiaofeng et al., 304). Teamwork is crucial in case of an aviation disaster through the coordination of Workpad architecture, which is integrated with Aeronautical MANETs to comprise a framework of the XML Services. In the framework, MANETs offers interoperable, consistent as well as proficient communications, linking the aircraft and the AOCs. Besides, the Workpad organizes the actions in response to an aviation disaster on the land, while Semantic Web allows the relations as well as incorporation of the necessary applications. The EDXL applies as a standard language to identify the necessary rules. This framework is not only dependable but also efficient even in severe aviation disasters. It is flexible and considers the future needs since it incorporates innovations such as security control, depending on the aircraft type. Work Cited Xiaofeng, YU., Sommestad, Teodor., Fung, Casey & Hung, Patrick. Emergency Response Framework for Aviation XML Services on MANET . IEEE International Conference on Web Services, 2008. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Student Success in Online, Mixed, Direct Courses Essay (Critical Writing) Overview Public colleges are growing their matriculation faster than four-year colleges. Nevertheless, even supposing that public institution student populace is increasing quicker than in four-year universities, the resources and budget at these institutes have not increased. This has directed universities to discover alternate ways to satisfy the needs of their students. Increasing public college admission, unambiguously in online and progressive courses, requests the necessity for research with this populace for the reason that a small number of studies emphasizes on online scholars in public colleges (Ashby, Sadera, & McNary, 2011). Description of the Research Problem The purpose of the study was to conduct research which compared student accomplishments in a course accessible in three dissimilar learning settings (online, mixed, and direct). The current research has revealed that the educational environment has an impact on the progressive students’ accomplishment rates. The problems that they encountered became the reason for numerous students to leave the university. Moreover, the possibility of having online and mixed courses only amplified the severity of the problem. The study was conducted to certify that the universities are proposing learning prospects that endure the accomplishments of students signed up for these courses. Research Methodology This research employed quantitative study methodologies to equate student achievement rates in diverse learning settings. The data from 167 partakers was collected together with demographic data, unit examination scores, and uniform math test grades. The key research question that the study had to answer was the existence of a relation between the type of educational environment and the effective student performance as measured by a preliminary exam, course exam, and course grade. Student accomplishment is well-defined as passing the exam, thus allowing the student to attend the university-level math classes. Consequently, educational setting assessments were made under two circumstances: comparing all scholars irrespective of course accomplishment, and comparing scholars after they have enrolled the course. Data and Research Conclusions The outcomes of the one-way ANOVA exhibited that there were noteworthy alterations between educational settings with the students in the mixed courses having the minimum success (Ostertagová & Ostertag, 2013). Further investigation was done to address problems of reduction of the workforce since these rates are typically high for public college students and online scholars. Data examination with the sample that was attuned to the reduction of workforce displayed that the direct method students performed the worst. Contributions to the Literature The discoveries of this research oppose the present research results of no substantial variance in success based on educational setting. In this research, students from the mixed group performed poorer than the direct group students when not taking the reduction of the workforce into consideration. Nevertheless, in view of the students who finalized the class, the performance of direct group students was worse. Critique of the Article The title of the article is vibrant and straight to the point. The abstract of the article is relevant, specific, and consistent (Khezrlou, 2012). Additionally, the critic believes that not a single section of the paper should be removed considering the fact that the structure of the study is remarkably similar to the Rojewski, Lee, and Gemici’s (Rojewski, Lee, & Gemici, 2012). The purpose of the article is perfectly outlined. Hypothetical and other related aspects affecting preservation and workforce maintenance in remote education classes need to be addressed in imminent studies, specifically bearing in mind the fact that similar results have been obtained as a result of a multiple regression study (Nelson & Zaichkowsky, 2015). The authors of the study presented appropriate statistical methods but failed to present the procedures in a way that would let a reader interpret the results properly. The authors of the article proved to be objective, and the work does not include any ambiguous statements or repeat any content (Kuo, Walker, Schroder, & Belland, 2014). References Ashby, J., Sadera, W. A., & McNary, S. W. (2011). Comparing Student Success Between Developmental Math Courses Offered Online, Blended, and Face-to-face. Journal of Interactive Online Learning, 10 (3), 128-140. Khezrlou, S. (2012). The Relationship between Cognitive and Metacognitive Strategies, Age, and Level of Education. The Reading Matrix, 12 (1), 50-61. Kuo, Y., Walker, A. E., Schroder, K. E., & Belland, B. R. (2014). A Predictive Study of Student Satisfaction in Online Education Programs. The Internet and Higher Education, 20 , 35-50. Web. Nelson, L. R., & Zaichkowsky, L. D. (2015). A Case for Using Multiple Regression Instead of ANOVA in Educational Research. The Journal of Experimental Education, 47 (4), 324-330. Web. Ostertagová, E., & Ostertag, O. (2013). Methodology and Application of Oneway ANOVA. American Journal of Mechanical Engineering , 1 (7), 256-261. Rojewski, J. W., Lee, I. H., & Gemici, S. (2012). Use of T-test and ANOVA in Career-Technical Education Research. Career and Technical Education Research, 37 (3), 263-275. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Tobacco Use as Health Issue in Georgia Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction The health issue concerned tobacco use is a serious public health issue in Georgia that should be addressed. The consumption of tobacco may cause a number of negative consequences related to the health of both smoking people and non-smoking people. Tobacco use is a foremost health issue in Georgia because it is the primary preventable death cause in the state (Rollins, 2017). That is why it is crucial to enhance health education in this area. Health education in the area of tobacco influence on health may prevent the diseases associated with tobacco consumption and reduce the number of deaths caused by smoking. Main body For community health education on the tobacco use issue, the health belief model should be used. The health belief model is a theory that aims to predict and analyze the behavior related to health (Sharma & Branscum, 2020). The model would help to influence such factors as perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self‐efficacy of the smoker. First, we should inform the smoker about the impact of smoking on health. Tobacco smoking creates a risk of various diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Tsai, 2018). If people know more about the unwanted consequences of tobacco smoking, their awareness will rise, and they will be more conscious when smoking tobacco. That could decrease their will to smoke tobacco and harm themselves. Next, we should convince people of the severity of the diseases and disruptions that smoking might cause. It may be difficult for some people to give up tobacco, so it is essential to educate them on how to get rid of tobacco addiction, for example, by applying alternatives to smoking or gradually developing willpower. For the effective learning of the information by smoking people, the visual, aural, read/write, and kinesthetic (VARK) model should be implemented. I would emphasize the role of visual kinesthetic in the model. People may learn from the visual content from the various images, posts, and graphs. That is why it would be efficient to create posters that depict some tobacco use consequences in images. By seeing such posters, people will remember the harmful effect of tobacco smoking. Such posters might include writings as well so that the riding/writing learners will memorize information even better. For the auditory learners, the audio commercial could be implemented. The audio commercial containing information about the diseases and environmental problems caused by tobacco use will help to effectively acknowledge auditory learners. I think that the effective teaching method is the most relevant method to motivate people to stop smoking tobacco. The effective teaching method emphasizes emotions when proving the information (Sharma & Branscum, 2020). For example, use sensitive images on the posters, such as images of diabetes symptoms. They might be either real or not, but they should be illustrative. I think that evoking emotions would be the most rapid way to influence smokers’ mindsets regarding tobacco use. Conclusion In conclusion, tobacco use-related health issue is a serious health issue in Georgia. It causes various diseases and deaths, so that is important to influence people that are smoking. For the effective education of smoking people, the health belief model should be used. In addition, the visual, aural, read/write, and kinesthetic (VARK) models should be assessed. Next, it is vital to emphasize the proper teaching method to maximize the chances of effective education on the topic of the health issue. References Rollins, L., Akintobi, T. H., Hermstad, A., Cooper, D., Goodin, L., Beane, J.,… & Lyn, R. (2017). Community-based approaches to reduce chronic disease disparities in Georgia. J Ga Public Health Assoc, 6(4), 402-410. Web. Sharma, M., & Branscum, P. W. (2020). Introduction to Community and Public Health (2nd Edition). Wiley Global Research (STMS). Web. Tsai, P. C., Glastonbury, C. A., Eliot, M. N., Bollepalli, S., Yet, I., Castillo-Fernandez, J. E.,… & Bell, J. T. (2018). Smoking induces coordinated DNA methylation and gene expression changes in adipose tissue with consequences for metabolic health. Clinical epigenetics, 10(1), 1-21. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Facebook as a Successful Social and Business Platform Case Study Facebook Inc offers a strong potential for modern businesses Facebook.com is not just the famous company behind the giant social media site whose success story is on the lips of everybody in the contemporary world. The social media site has continued to amass great international recognition from all parts of the world, as one of the leading sites which hold a strong business potential, particularly e-commerce. The company’s rapid development plan has been a significant facet of its success Ever since it was launched in 2004, Facebook has undergone rapid developments in its engaging features. With its unique ability to attract great numbers of users daily, from all over the world, Facebook has been well-placed in its entrepreneurship objectives. Facebook has successfully managed to balance its double engagements in social media sites and the e-commerce trend With the current boom of e-commerce activities, Facebook has become a target for many online stores, who are aiming to remain high in the advancing e-commerce sector. By placing ads on their website for users to see, Facebook helps business owners from all parts of the world to achieve their potential goals in business (Qualman 2010). This trend has played a key role in shaping modern marketing concepts; for it lets potential business partners and customers know where they can find brands and products of their choice. Facebook Inc enjoys many strengths and opportunities as a potential business platform Given the wide range of add-ons, applications, and services offered by Facebook, there is no doubt that the company has already established a strong platform for e-commerce business. Investors and marketers from all parts of the world have taken full advantage of this grand opportunity to ensure their businesses stand out from the pressures of the current competitive business environment (Culnan & Mchugh 2010). Facebook Inc has been successful in both social and business matters Facebook has continued to generate huge revenues and profits, and this is enough to justify its potential market valuation, which is estimated to be worth billions of dollars. The company’s recent financial analysis is enough to offer its potential investors a good reason to smile. The company is widely reputed for its excellent corporate performance. Facebook holds a brilliant economical future, considering its rapid user growth, which is observed to be one of the significant facets of the company. Strong business portfolio and potentiality The company’s current business portfolio makes sense in the modern business environment. This, coupled with their ability to diversify user engagement levels in current and potential markets, is certain to place the company ahead of its competitors in the technology industry (Plumlee 2010). This way, the company has succeeded in creating a suitable investment platform for both investors and marketers. In that sense, nothing is doubting the company’s potential for business, and that is the reason why I would not hesitate to invest with them. Reference List Choi, F & Meek, G 2011, International Accounting: International Edition, 7th Ed, Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River. Culnan, M & Mchugh, P 2010, ‘How large US companies can use Twitter and other social media to gain business value’, MIS Quarterly , vol. 9 no. 4, pp. 243-260. Plumlee, M 2010, International Financial Reporting Standards , Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River. Qualman, E 2010, Socialnomics: How social media transforms the way we live and do business , Wiley, New York. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
From the Diary of an Almost-Four-Year-Old Analytical Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The explication of the poem 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction From the Diary of an Almost-Four-Year-Old is the poem by Hanan Mikha’il ‘Ashrawi who expresses in her work the horrors of the military conflicts and the sufferings of the civilians. The poem touches your feelings as the author describes the thoughts of the small girl who is only four years old but who has already gone through a lot in her life. The aim of this essay is analyze the poem From the Diary of an Almost-Four-Year-Old by Hanan Mikha’il ‘Ashrawi. The explication of the poem The main idea of the poem is the sufferings of the innocent civilians and children during the war. The plot of the poem represents the expression of the world perception and the feelings of the child who has been injured by the soldier and has lost one eye. From the first stanza, we get to know that her medical treatment will come to an end and it will be her last bandage. She asks herself about what it likes to see with one eye. “I wonder will I see half an orange, half an apple, half my mother’s face with my one remaining eye?” (Mikha’il ‘Ashrawi n.pag.). The following poetic techniques can be noticed in these lines: the rhetoric question, exposition which provides the background to the poem’s plot, and the comparison. The second stanza is emotionally intense. We get to know about the feelings of this girl. “I did not see the bullet but felt its pain” (Mikha’il ‘Ashrawi n.pag.). She also tells us about the soldier who has made her an invalid. She says that she will never forget his image but she has not understood the look in his eyes (Mikha’il ‘Ashrawi n.pag.). In these lines, we can notice such literature technique as hyberbole as she said that she “felt the pain exploding in her head” (Mikha’il ‘Ashrawi n.pag.). The author used a hyperbole because the bullet did not actually explode in her head but she felt like that. In the third stanza, she says that she imagines him in her mind. That is how she knows that she has another set of eyes, the ones which she has in her mind. In this stanza, the following techniques have been indentified: allegory and metaphor. The forth stanza tells us about her thoughts of what the surrounding world will look like when she will receive a new glasses as a gift on her birthday. The dramatic irony can be noticed in her words. She says “maybe thing will look round and fat in the middle – I’ve gazed through all my marbles, they made the world look strange”. In the last stanza, she says about her thoughts when she has heard about a nine-month-old baby who has also lost an eye (Mikha’il ‘Ashrawi n.pag.). She asks herself a question whether the same soldier has injured both of them. Finally, she expresses a pity for this child as she is old enough and she has seen a lot of life, although she is only four (Mikha’il ‘Ashrawi n.pag.). The following poetic techniques can be noticed: the rhetoric question and hyperbole. Conclusion In order to summarize all above mentioned, it should be said that From the Diary of an Almost-Four-Year-Old is a poem by Hanan Mikha’il ‘Ashrawi who expresses the sufferings of children during the war. Such literature techniques as rhetoric questions, allegories, metaphors, irony, and hyperboles have been identified in the poem. Works Cited Mikha’il ‘Ashrawi, Hanan. From the Diary of an Almost-Four-Year-Old. Ralphmag.org, n.d. Web. http://www.ralphmag.org/spacepoemsI.html | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Everyone admires the business empire, and they wish their small startups to grow to become as big as Berkshire Hathaway. Warren Buffett, the CEO of Berkshire Hathaway, has remained a motivation to many people. However, few people have had an opportunity to meet him and ask specific individual questions on investment. A physical meeting with Warren Buffett offers a chance to ask questions, interact with him, and understand how it feels to be a billionaire. When meeting him, I would focus on two specific questions: what would Warren consider the most innovative business idea I can invest in with $1 million? Secondly, I would ask him about the particular measures he took for his company Berkshire Hathaway to remain profitable. The two questions would help in reflect on the most innovative business idea I could venture into and how I could ensure my new business stays afloat. What is the Most Innovative Business? With technological advancements and shifting consumer needs, business innovation is crucial. Big corporations such as Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway invest in creative incubators. Warren Buffett’s experience in the corporate world could shed some light on the criteria corporations use to identify innovative business ideas. Furthermore, he could give crucial information on how to set up a unique startup like Berkshire Hathaway. He could explain to me the criteria used by his company in selecting creative business ideas. As a follow-up question, I would like Warren Buffett to give me examples of business ideas that his company adopted and have remained significant in the industry. Getting the criteria for selecting an innovative business idea from Warren Buffett would motivate my startup journey. Starting a company from scratch is costly, and a budget of $1 million may be insufficient. The new company would require office space, marketing, and new resources, among others. However, with an innovative idea, the fresh startup would have several advantages for its sustainability. The creative business idea would ensure the improved productivity of the startup. Furthermore, with an innovative business idea, the new business would present increased turnover and improved profitability. Given that the start capital might allow the acquisition of business assets and pay the employees in the first few months, venturing into an innovative and affordable business would be an excellent opportunity for the new company to grow without liquidation risks. Therefore, asking Warren Buffet what he would consider the most innovative business idea would help him sample the concepts at hand and choose the most innovative for the new business. ‘ What are Berkshire Hathaway’s Survival tactics? Berkshire Hathaway has a monumental history of failed partnerships and liquidated operations such as textile operations. Warren Buffett built the company from a fragile state, and it has grown to be one of the global companies with the highest stock prices. For instance, in 2020, the company’s class A shares will cost about $350,000 each (Chen and Young, 2021). Although the company traces its origin from Hathaway Manufacturing Company, 1888, and Berkshire Cotton Manufacturing Company, 1889, Warren Buffett’s investment and innovative ideas have transformed it over time. Warren Buffett came up with the company’s survival tactics that have enabled the company to survive in the ever-evolving technological world. Understanding the company’s survival strategy would help in sustaining the new business in the competitive industry. An innovative business idea is not enough for the new business survival given the emergence of natural disasters such as Coronavirus and rapid climatic changes. Warren Buffett’s sharing of Berkshire Hathaway’s survival tactics would help design a survival strategy for the new business. The plan would help identify the possible business’ weak areas s and the potential vital areas. Identifying the strengths and weaknesses in advance would help prepare for unprecedented natural calamities that severely affect the new business. Furthermore, having a well-planned survival tactic would offer an opportunity for sharing the business idea with potential investors and clients. Consequently, the company would have sufficient share capital to meet the routine costs. Conclusion Meeting Warren Buffet is a noble opportunity to learn from him and get business ideas for a new startup. As a CEO of a reputable company, Berkshire Hathaway, he would share the criteria used by the company in selecting an innovative business idea. Innovation is significant for a new business since it ensures sustainability, improved productivity, and increased profitability. Surviving is crucial for any business, given daily innovations and unprecedented disasters such as coronavirus pandemics. Warren Buffett’s company has survived various global calamities such as World War II and The Great Recession. Therefore, getting to know the company’s survival tactics would help design a survival strategy for the new business. The survival strategy would help identify the potential strengths and weaknesses of the new company. Thus, the new business would overcome unprecedented natural calamities and intense market competition. A meeting with Warren Buffett would be an opportunity to improve on new business innovativeness and survival. Reference Chen, A. S., & Yang, C. M. (2021). Optimal statistical arbitrage trading of Berkshire Hathaway stock and its replicating portfolio. P los One , 16 (1), e0244541. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Technological Play and Touch Technologies among children Essay The world has changed into a technological world. Most parts of the world have endorsed technology. Approximately 71 percent of children have also endorsed technology significantly (Yelland, 2010). Children access information through technological devices in the form of videos, text and pictures. This aims at equipping them with the needed technological knowledge in the present and the coming future. Most expectedly, there have been many linear impacts that emanate from the prevalence of technology amongst the children. We note that when youngsters acquire and use the techniques of information technology, they attain knowledge in education through easier access to information. Microsoft software designed with the objectives of achieving a lot in the present educational and technological terms enhanced easier and neat working in education. Fast access of information is a factor operating through the internet, which halved the time required for certain achievements. Availability of reading material is a precise facilitation to the success of children. The retention of knowledge and development of cognitive skills, therefore, lies on a greater proportion on technology (Verenikina et al, 2010). As Puerling (2012) suggests, children with electronic devices can access and attain information from the internet anywhere without using library. This allows children to check education materials repeatedly, therefore, allowing them to understand. Technology has devised ways which when controlled refresh children and warrant proper physical development and mental stability (Bavelier et al, 2010). Socialization networks create space for children and allow them to interact. The use of technology amongst children has aggravated the level of immorality by allowing them to access pornographic materials, violence and information on drug abuse. It, also, consumes much of the time meant for their education and other activities. Social sites also induce negative peer pressure leading to negative behavioral change. I, thus, recommend that use of technology should be encouraged but at the same time controlling its scope and time of use. References Bavelier, D. Green, S. & Dye, M. W. G. (2010). Children, wired: For better and for worse. Neuron Perspective . 67 (5): 692-701. DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.08.035. Puerling, B. (2012 ). Teaching in the Digital Age: Smart tools for Age 3 to Grade 3: Multi-touch mobile devices bring the world to our fingertips. St Paul, USA: Redleaf Press. Verenikina, I., Herrington, J., Peterson, R. & Mantei, J. (2010). Computers and play in early childhood: Affordances and limitations. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 21 (1): 139-159. Yelland, N. (2010). New technologies, playful experiences, and multimodal learning. High-tech tots – Childhood in a digital world . North Carolina: Information Age Publishing. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Routine Negative Message on Program Cancelation Coursework A few years ago, we developed a company that has since grown to become one of the exceptional organizations in the nation. Besides the several products that we delivered in market, we also started a program ‘Helping Our Hometown Grow program’ that benefited over 500 families in the nation. The objective of our program was to ensure that the targeted families could reduce their cost of living by supplementing their daily requirements with homegrown produce. With our volunteer program, we worked tirelessly to improve the overall livelihoods of families in the nation. The program was not only exceptional, but also remarkable and one of a kind. However, in the aftermath of recession, sales have dropped and competition is on the rise. To retain the program, the company has to incur increased costs and incur losses in the process. Moreover, if the company has to continue with the program, it has to lay off some of its employees, an act that is contrary to its ethical procedures. It is within this context that we announce the cancelation of the program and provide our assessment on recession, dropping sales, and increased competition. The recent recession initiated a number of repercussions that greatly affected the progress of our program. With reduced purchasing power from our potential clients owing to their minimal income, the program was unable to proceed. Furthermore, several clients, who are among our prospective customers, suffered from unemployment as their employers struggled to stay on board during the recession period. Unemployment is a concept elucidated by Francis when he states that during recession, companies lay off their employees as they struggle to remain in the market (7). Additionally, the fact that the country experienced a general drop in individual spending implied that several smaller enterprises had to cut down their expenditures. Gwartney et al. states that the overall spending of a country drops during times of recession and leads to closure of several companies (310). Notably, one of the strategies that some companies undertook during the recession period was to lay off their employees or sent them on unpaid leaves. Therefore, it is clear that reduced spending and unemployment affected our operations seriously and crippled our ‘Helping Our Hometown Grow’ program. Evidently, during recession, sales drop as individuals try to minimise the effects of the phenomenon. It is important to explain that our company was among the companies that suffered from the dropping purchases initiated by reduced spending. Apparently, dropping spending led to reduced sales volumes, a factor that reduced our profits and ability to run the family support program. Since, the option of dismissing our employees is unethical in the present scenario; the only option available is to cancel the program until the company gains momentum and funds. Fair treatment of employees is very important, as they are core in advancing organization’s operations and progress (Kleinig 208; Bohlander 598). Therefore, dismissing our human resources is not an option as they are the ones, who can help propel the company out of the current situation. Another challenge that affected the progress of our program is increasing competition. Apparently, several competitors have emerged and are delivering substitute or similar products to our potential clients. Their products are usually low in price and quality as opposed to ours, which means that consumers, who are recovering from recession, choose them in place of our products. Hüschelrath (381) and Westland (587) assert that competition has led to reduced sales volumes and profit in contemporary organizations. The assertions are instrumental in explaining the current state of our company and the need to cancel the program. Therefore, it is important for the company to cancel the ‘Helping Our Hometown Grow program’ until we gain momentum and funds to continue. Meanwhile, we need to commit all our efforts on strategies that can propel the company out of the present condition. Works Cited Bohlander, George, and Scott Snell. Managing Human Resources . Mason: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2010. Print. Francis, Vitek. Output and Unemployment Dynamics During the Great Recession: a Panel Unobserved Components Analysis . London: Routledge, 2010. Print. Gwartney, James, Richard Stroup, Russell Sobel, and David Macpherson. Economics: Private and Public Choice. New York: Cengage Learning, 2014. Print. Hüschelrath, Kai. Competition Policy Analysis: An Integrated Approach . Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag, 2009. Print. Kleinig, John. Discretion, Community, and Correctional Ethics . Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2001. Print. Westland, Christopher. Global Innovation Management: A Strategic Approach. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Globalization of the Local Essay (Critical Writing) Globalization of the local is a concept developed by Thomas Friedman in his book “The World is Flat”. The author claims that globalization does not entail one entirely new civilization that is coming to neutralize all existing cultures. He argues that with globalization, all local cultures are getting the opportunity to become global; that is to extend their influences. Of course, not all of the existing cultures are getting the same opportunity. Those which are more developed, and perceived by the majority of the world’s population as superior, are more likely to have greater influence in this new global culture. In addition, new forms of media are providing a chance for people to cherish their cultural origins in distant parts of the world. This is very important because globalization is causing many people to migrate to other countries in order to pursue their careers. This way, these new technologies are contributing to the quicker flow of ideas and customs. Undoubtedly, in the near future, this will result in a complete integration of different cultures into one global culture which will be quite different from all the existing ones. Many people oppose this idea of a transformed global culture for fear of losing their national heritage and other components of their identity. However, this view is problematic in various aspects. Frist off, cultural transformation is not anything new. It is known that under the influence of social and economic forces, cultures have been changing tremendously throughout history. Secondly, experience has taught us that external intervention cannot stop the changes in the society that are occurring organically. A good example of this is the emancipation of Afro-Americans and women. These two processes faced serious opposition, but they were, nonetheless, completed. Finally, globalization offers an opportunity to build up a culture which is superior to all others that we have witnessed in our past. In this effort, education is definitely going to play the crucial role, and thanks to the advent of new technologies, we now have the opportunity to make education available to everyone. In conclusion, globalization is an unstoppable process, which if carried out in the right way, can be a great step in the development of human race. Dell Theory In his book “The World is Flat”, Thomas Friedman suggests an interesting theory about international relations and conflicts, which he calls “Dell Theory”. The name comes from the famous company that produces electronic equipment – Dell. Dell is widely known for its supply-demand chain, which encompasses several companies around the globe. These companies supply Dell’s assembly lines with all the necessary parts so that the assembly line is never interrupted. Friedman argues that once countries are connected through supply chains such as this one, they develop codependency relationship in which every side has some benefits. For that reason, Friedman argues that those countries would never declare war on each other because doing so would disrupt the supply chain from which both of them benefit (Friedman, 2005, pp. 420-422). This is a very interesting theory which has been proven right on several occasions in recent history. However, I would argue that Friedman was not the first person to notice that connecting two nations through economic bonds reduces the possibility of a major conflict. It takes only one look at the history of Europe in past centuries to see that politics of economic isolationism always culminated in wars with devastating consequences, WWI and WWII are the most obvious examples. The politics of open borders and cooperation, which was introduced after WWII, finally brought peace to Europe. In conclusion, the cases of Dell’s supply chain and European Union are only two of many examples where it is evident that Friedman’s theory has firm empirical grounding. Since globalization faces many challenges mirrored in ideological, religious and cultural differences, this principle of establishing economic ties is perhaps the best tool for overcoming those difficulties. Works Cited Friedman, Thomas L.. The world is flat: a brief history of the twenty-first century . New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Divergent Social Worlds” by Lauren Krivo and Ruth Peterson Essay (Book Review) “Divergent Social Worlds” reflects a culmination of the in depth study of the linkage of race, place and crime. The book brings into light new aspects and advanced analytical approach to research on the cyclic problems of neighborhood, race, and crime. The authors explore and answer lingering questions of how violent and property crimes differ across neighborhoods that are composed of different ethnic and racial clusters. The authors begin by postulating an operational theory of the ethnic and latitudinal distribution of crime by enunciating a broad variety of sociology theories; physical race theory, communal disorganization theory, and theories of suburban separation. The authors contend that a key operational mechanism by which cultural orders have been replicated in America is suburban isolation. In turn these have led to racial spatial divide in which racial-ethnic minorities find themselves compelled to the bottom strata and the privileged whites find themselves at the top strata. This unequal stratification has led to social disparities in which led to the creation of varying interests located in distinct neighborhoods, ultimately leading to unequal rates of crime. The book has integrated this theoretical perspective meticulously and combined information from urban sociology, criminology, racial and ethnic stratification. Mainly throughout its skeletal body, residential segregation is the major factor that connects the overall racial order with dramatic racial and ethnic differentials in crimes across communities. Theoretical integration is achieved by the book as it reinforces the complex intertwine of social and institutional inequities that better place white neighborhoods in contrast to those of the African American, Latino and other arrays of neighborhoods. Intrinsically, segregation is the backbone of divergence between the social world of people in the United States in relation to color and as to why neighborhood crime is so radicalized. Empirical evidence has been brought out by the authors in order to substantiate their theoretical claims. They test their theoretical claims using data from the National Neighborhood Crime Study (NNCS), where they compiled crime and related data of about nine thousand six hundred neighborhoods in approximately ninety-one large cities in the year two thousand. The large database created an unlimited and unbiased source of information, which made it easier to identify the relation between race, place and crime in the United States. Previous research was conducted in a single city and thus by cutting across different cities, Peterson and Kivro have been able to explore how these patterns of neighborhood crime vary across communities of different races. In the initial analysis, they document how crime rates differ significantly across neighborhoods that consist of different ethnic and racial groups. The book clearly illustrates the dramatic nature of the racial-spatial divide and helps us fathom how entrenched social and economic disparities in America’s neighborhoods are. In subsequent analysis, they outline the magnitude to which differences in relative advantage and disadvantage are sources of unequal crime rates across the various types of neighborhoods. They use multivariate models to examine both neighborhood and city characteristics as indicators of crime rates. The book lays to rest the prevalent misunderstanding that persistently high crime rates in less privileged societies is as a result of individual ethical decadence or pathologies or worse a culture of group criminality. The book exonerates the people living in impoverished societies of the earlier misconceptions of crime activities in these societies and brings to light the silent externalities that are a key factor to molding these societal inequalities. The book tends to close the gap for organizers, policymakers and future researchers and creates an insight in these cyclic issues. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“The Fallacy of Success” by G. K. Chesterton Essay There is no use denying the fact that modern age can be characterized by a great rivalry. People have to achieve some goal and become successful in order to be appreciated in society. With this in mind, nowadays such notion as success becomes more significant. Trying to become popular and rich, a person looks for some methods which will be able to guaranty his/her becoming successful, However, very often people forget that there are no universal methods and every approach should be unique to bring success to its creator. However, having understood the demand, people started creating books which main aim was to teach a person how to become successful. Besides, it is impossible to do it and these books just promoted enrichment and success of people who wrote it. Chesterton, in his work The Fallacy of Success, also cogitates about this very issue, underlining the fact of uselessness of these books and outlining his own ideas connected with the issue of success. The work is rather controversial and provoking. That is why a great number of people analyzed it from different perspectives. First of all, it is possible to mention existentialist point of view on this issue. Existentialism is a philosophic category which stresses onliness of human existence, underlining its irrational character (Crowell para. 6). Avital Pilpel in his article The Fallacy of Success analyses the original article from this very point of view, stating that Chesterton suggests the idea of success which can be characterized as existential (para. 11). Chesterton states that success cannot be measured or easily achieved with the help of different pieces of advice as it is unique, though, irrational phenomenon (para. 15). However, there is another point of view on this article. Dale Alquist researches this work from biographical perspective trying to see some peculiarities of Chestertons life and his points of view there. The researcher states the fact that Chesterton became interested in the issue because of his own success and his own ideas connected with the way to achieve it (Alquist para. 12). Chesterton describes the book which suggests readers the way of enrichment which was used by Rothschild. However, he notes that it is impossible to do it as people do not know all Rothschilds motifs and hidden remedies. This statement introduces some discussion as it is possible to say that Chesterton could say it resting on his own experience. The last point of view on this work which is going to be mentioned here is connected with Marxist criticism. According to it, literature reflects some ideas peculiar to society at the moment and shows class struggle (Galvin para. 6). With this in mind, the work The Fallacy of Success can be taken as Chestertons attempt to analyze the ideology which dominates in society and which makes people write and, moreover, buy such sort of books. Having analyzed three different approaches to the work The Fallacy of Success by Chesterton, it is possible to make certain conclusion. It should be said that existentialist perspective on the issue of success seems to be the most understandable, clear and logic. There is no use denying the fact that every human being is a unique creature that is why there is no universal method to achieve success. With this in mind, all these books can be taken as useless. Works Cited Alquist, Dale. Who is this Guy and Why Haven’t I Heard of Him? . n.d.. Web. Chesterton, Gilbert. The Fallacy of Success . 1909. Web. Crowell, Steven, “ Existentialism “, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy . 2015. Web. Galvin, Dan. The Fallacy of Success by G. K. Chesterton. 2012. Web. Pilpel, Avital. “ The Fallacy of Success “. The Times of Israel. 2012. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Globalization Impact on Africa’s Democratization Process Essay Globalization has come to Africa with varying trends and developments. It is at this time when the African states are in the process of democratization. A majority of these countries have had to adapt to the new world with skeptic views. Globalization is the process that allows the intensification of political, economic, cultural, and social relations across the globe. With globalization, there is a continuous evolution of systems and structures. It allows the world to become a global village because of the sharing experience (Asmussen 236). Africa partly welcomed internationalization with a view that it would help to rid it of its misfortunes. However, the proponents of globalization had their demands from Africa. The cold war, for instance, put Africa at crossroads (Asmussen 236). It aligned the African countries along with the warring blocks both from internal states and external neighbors. With this in mind, there arose the authoritarian leaders who ran down their nation’s bargaining power to the world’s demands. Africa lost its sovereignty to the economic giants and financial power brokers (Heine and Thakur 168). The World Bank, World Trade Organizations, and the international community imposed models, strategies, and policies of development. The African states had to domesticate these policies without questioning and or discussing their impacts on the poor citizens. Globalization has marginalized African economies. Their dependence on a few critical products that they do not determine their demand and prices has caused them to lose on international trade (Carmin and Agyeman 331). Poverty and economic inequality have only benefited the big global economies of which Africa is not part of as individual states. African countries are slowly losing their cultural identity. Therefore, it cannot compete on an equal basis culturally as it has to adapt to the cultures of the dominating countries (Dawson 79). African states do this because their colleagues have a superior advantage over them. The global economies insist on globalization that forces African countries to open their markets for foreign goods (Dawson 79). As a result, African leaders do not encourage homegrown entrepreneurial spirit. Their countries soon end up depending on all products from big international economies. It causes stagnation in the nations (Heine and Thakur 168). However, globalization does not just have negative impacts on African states. It has, in fact, made the international trade easy for Africa (Roth and Briar-Lawson 215). The states have been able to utilize some of the foreign investments for the betterment of their citizens. African countries have been able to learn good and transparent governance from the rest of the world. As a result, they have used those lessons to transform their politics and governance structures. It has allowed them to build their economies and change leadership roles to match those of other developed nations (Roth and Briar-Lawson 215). The information has been open to the entire world. Africa has learned about better human rights procedures and governance styles. The leaders have adopted these mechanisms in their respective countries. The new cultures from the West have been the main reason that has helped to bring independent thinking to African nations (Gilman 401). Interaction through information technology has created enough room for the exchange of information. African countries are now underworld scrutiny. As a result, there is transparency, openness, and accountability in African states. Democracy in Africa depends on world progress. The opening up of the social, political, and economic systems has enabled the sharing of information. Critics have also consistently made Africa rethink its strategies in the contemporary world. The leaders in Africa have started embracing the modern development strategy while caring for the less fortunate in the community. Works Cited Asmussen, Christian Geisler. Dynamics of Globalization . Bingley, UK: Emerald Group, 2011. Print. Carmin, JoAnn and Julian Agyeman. Environmental Inequalities beyond Borders . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2011. Print. Dawson, Carl. EU Integration with North Africa . London, UK: Tauris Academic Studies, 2009. Print. Gilman, Lisa. The Dance of Politics . Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2009. Print. Heine, Jorge and Ramesh Chandra Thakur. The Dark Side of Globalization . New York, NY: United Nations University Press, 2011. Print. Roth, William and Katharine Briar-Lawson. Globalization, Social Justice, and the Helping Professions . Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2011. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
E-Commerce at Maybelline Essay (Critical Writing) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Summary of the Case 3. Statement of the Problem 4. Proposing a Solution 5. Learning Application 6. References Introduction The topic of the case study under analysis is the use of the outdated and modern e-commerce and interactive response systems in the business of color cosmetic products focused on field merchandising activities. The case analyzes the problems that Maybelline New York faced in relation to these interactive systems and how the company solved those issues (Online File, 2009). The title of the case study analyzed is E-Commerce Supports Field Employees At Maybelline. Summary of the Case Maybelline is one of the world’s leaders in the field of cosmetics trade in over 70 countries of the world. The company carries out field merchandising activities and values the option to know as fast as possible about the modifications of the market conditions that they can get from their field representatives (Maybelline, 2010). To optimize the time needed for transmission of these data, Maybelline equipped its every rep with interactive voice response (IVR) systems, but the latter proved ineffective (IVR, 2009). To solve this issue, the company introduced Merchandising Sales Portfolio (MSP) by MEI Group to substitute the IVRs, and this step manifested its effectiveness and allowed the company to save its reps’ time at the rate of about 30 to 50 minutes daily and increase the company’s overall efficiency (MEI, 2009; Podshopping, 2009). Statement of the Problem The major problem argued about in the case under analysis is the lack of efficiency and flexibility of the once introduced interactive voice response (IVR) system by Maybelline New York. The system expected to decrease the time of information transmission from the field representatives to the head offices of the company turned out to be the cause of information reception delays and numerous confusions (Podshopping, 2009). The head office managers obtained the information from field representatives with delays, while those reps experienced considerable operational issues with the IVR as they often had to skip over 50 questions to find the necessary one or could not find the question they needed in a particular case (Podshopping, 2009). Proposing a Solution The solution proposed and implemented by Maybelline was to substitute the IVR system by the Merchandising Sales Portfolio (MSP) by MEI Group (Podshopping, 2009). The solution proved to be effective as it allowed a speedier data transmission and was easier in operation for both field representatives and head office managers. It also reduced the stress for the reps as they had fewer chances for failure of their transmission operations. As a result, the flow of the employees at Maybelline stopped that also allowed the company to save valuable funds (Podshopping, 2009). The alternative solution might be the wider use of telephone connection and employment of call reception managers to timely receive and put the data transmitted by reps into the respective databases, although this will be more costly than MSP use. Learning Application The usefulness of the solution implemented by Maybelline is obvious as it allowed avoiding the confusion that IVR caused and saved time and funds for the whole company and its field representatives. The efficiency of the proposed telephone solution is not yet tested in practice, but it will obviously benefit the company as transmitting data over the phone will allow Maybelline New York to avoid possible system breakdowns and other unexpected occurrences of the same kind. References IVR. (2009). Interactive Voice Response (IVR), Voice Mail and Fax Server Systems. Web. Maybelline. (2010). What’s New. Web. MEI. (2009). Trade Promotion Management. Web. Online File. (2009). E-Commerce Supports Field Employees at Maybelline. Web. Podshopping. (2009). Maybelline: What Has This Company Been Doing? Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Among them, it is worth mentioning breast cancer, which is diagnosed in one out of eight women according to U.S. statistics (Kraynok et al., 2017). The textbook also notes the significant racial differences in survival rates, mainly attributed to socioeconomic and cultural factors, including lack of available specialized care. Medical professionals and local communities highly appreciate the value of early breast cancer detection. An exemplary event is held annually by the Manderson Cancer Center for women over forty without the previously diagnosed disease (Beasley, 2020). Accessibility to all residents without any charges or insurance requirements emphasizes the significance of this program and the benefits of its implementation even despite the current pandemic restrictions. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Good Samaritan Interpretation and Application Inductive Essay Table of Contents 1. Facts 2. Interpretation 3. Application 4. References Facts The verse explains on what one must do to inherit everlasting life. Eternal life can only be achieved through obeying God’s law which is summarized into two: loving God and the neighbor. The emphasis is on doing not just knowing which has been repeated thrice: verse 25, 28, and 37. The parable given from verse 30 to 35 emphasis on the act of doing in the definition of a neighbor just the way the Good Samaritan helped a man who had been robbed and bitten then left to death, an act that the Priest and the Levite didn’t yet they knew and taught about God’s law on love (Alexander & Patricia, 1999). The conversation was between Jesus Christ and a lawyer. The lawyer knew the Jewish custom as he was a professional in their law which is both written and verbal. The lawyer was testing Jesus on the law where he even calls Him “Teacher.” Jesus having perceived his intention He then answers him with a question concerning what the law says. In the lawyer’s attempt of justifying himself, he therefore wants Jesus to verify who the neighbor is where He answers by giving a parable. There was nothing Christ gave against the law (Yancey & Quinn, 2001). Jesus was in Jerusalem when He was being tested by the lawyer. He gave a parable of man who was travelling from Jerusalem on his way to Jericho. Jerusalem is about 17 miles far from Jericho. Many people passed through the route but it wasn’t a safe route; there were robbers who attacked people. The victim was then left just by roadside where everybody could see him on his way; three categories of people saw him: the Priest, the Levite, and the Samaritan (Alexander & Patricia, 1999). The conversation took place when Jesus had already predicted His death. By this time the Jews had sought to kill Him by the argument that He made Himself God when He said that He’s from God who is His father. They were accusing Him of blasphemy in forging of sins. The Pharisees, the Jews and the lawyers didn’t believe in Him. Actually at this particular time the lawyer wanted to get something that he can accuse Him for. He’s a “Teacher” yet He teaches against their law but he didn’t manage to trap Him. His time to be put to death had not yet come (Yancey & Quinn, 2001). Interpretation The conversation took place immediately after the return of the seventy who had been sent out to preach. They had returned with joy because of the great things that had happened but Christ challenged them to be joyous in that their names are known in heaven. He then rejoices in spirit where He tells His disciples that they are blessed to have experienced the great things of the Lord. He thereafter went with His disciples into one village in Jerusalem called Bethany where Martha and Mary lived: the sisters to Lazarus His friend (Alexander & Patricia, 1999). The scripture is all about things that one has to do to attain everlasting life which is achieved through loving God and man. It can then be compared with the scripture in Leviticus 18:5 which emphasis on keeping the God’s law by practicing it, just as Luke 10:28, 37, Leviticus 19:18 also emphasis on loving of ones neighbor. Deuteronomy 6:5 Moses gives the Israelites the Ten Commandments which Christ divided them in to two in Mark12:29-31 loving God with whole self and ones neighbor. Christ refers to this law when He asked in Luke 10:26 “what is written in the law” (Yancey & Quinn, 2001). The lawyer was in his assignment to test Jesus. He was a specialist in Jewish law which directed on what one had to do, but still he couldn’t be helped by that. The theoretical knowledge couldn’t at all help him in attaining eternal life. He wanted to know the faithfulness of Christ concerning the law where He gives him a parable in His response. The parable is itself a contradiction “Good Samaritan.” Samaritans were hated by the Jews and not referred as their neighbors but yet he showed mercy to the victim what the Levite and the Priest didn’t do (Alexander & Patricia, 1999). Christ is the overall Teacher. Even though the lawyer didn’t mean exactly what he said by calling Him “Teacher” by the fact that he was testing Him, at the end of the conversation He proves to be. He didn’t come to break the law which God had given to Israel though Moses but He came to fulfill the same law. Christ could not fall in the trap of the lawyer, having power to perceive his motives He answers the lawyer in the rabbinical set-up by asking him a question (Yancey & Quinn, 2001). Application In the day to day life this scripture defines a neighbor as someone who is in need. Showing help without considerations of gender, ethnicity, race or whichever status. The willingness to cross all these barriers is therefore important. Also ones needs to take risk in that the Samaritan didn’t rely care whether the robbers could have hidden themselves and they could attack him also as he helped the victim. There is need to sacrifice just as the Samaritan paid the cost of treatment and even offered to pay more which would occur. This will help me to improve in my acts in showing compassion to others as a Christian (Alexander & Patricia, 1999). References Alexander, D., & Patricia, A. (Eds.). (1999). Zondervan Handbook ti the Bible. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House. Yancey, P., & Quinn, B . (2001). Meet the Bible. New York: Zondervan. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Neorealism Movement in “The Bicycle Thief” Film Essay Table of Contents 1. Italian Neorealism Characteristics 2. The Bicycle Thief as a Prominent Neorealism Work 3. The Influence of Neorealism on Pather Panchali 4. Works Cited The roots of Italian neorealism can be traced to the style that appeared in the Italian cinematography of 1913 and 1916 that focused on filming people who deal with their own issues in various realistic settings. Italian Neorealism Characteristics The neorealism stemmed from the banality of themes and mundane social situations that were depicted in the previous cinematic works. Neorealism had become to mean not only an innovative cinematic style but created a new philosophy of moral, political, and social standards. When discussing the main ideological attributes of neorealism, the following characteristics can be outlined: a new essence of democracy emphasized by the significance of simple people; a compassionate view on the world without lightweight judgment of people; the preoccupation with the Fascist past of Italy and the devastating circumstances caused by the war. The Bicycle Thief as a Prominent Neorealism Work The Bicycle Thief (1948) was made when the economy of Italy was slowly beginning to improve, and the neorealist movement was starting to fade. Thus, the film combined the most significant aspects of neorealism, depicting the poverty of Italy. It is a film that took nearly sixteen months to create and is the film where “nothing-next-to- nothing” happens (Gordon 31). The de-dramatization of the events in the film contributes to the neorealism characteristic that has very close relations to the existing reality. The lives of the characters are not set in a particular logical sequence they are messy stories that nowhere. Since the year 1948 marked the ending point of Fascism, the film reflects the devastation of the country at the same time with representing a shift from the Fascist aesthetic to showing the lives of ordinary people (Gordon 15). When it comes to the film, neorealism was nothing more than a question of style. Realism was something the director wanted to bring into the artificial setting he had created so that the viewer accepts the artificial reality for genuine reality. However, it can be considered one of the most compelling but simple pieces of narrative cinema ever created (Gordon 8). The Influence of Neorealism on Pather Panchali Upon seeing The Bicycle Thief directors across the globe saw the refreshing aesthetic characterized by the postwar aspirations and beliefs in a better future. The realistic technique used in the film was successful in transferring an engaging story that reflected popular social issues. As a response to the two decades of the Fascist ruling and an avid call to the reconstruction of the Italian postwar society, The Bicycle Thief offered an array of new possibilities to the world of cinema. The neorealism movement led by The Bicycle Thief has influenced a series of political and social reforms along with the emergence of new cinematic works like Satyajit Ray’s Pather Pancali shot in 1995. The influence of Italian neorealism is evident in Pather Pancali that depicted the rural life of Bengali without any exaggerations or embellishments. Since The Bicycle Thief enforces a new set of values that put an emphasis on the moral principles and family values (the main character Antonio Ricci is a father of a poor family that has to do everything in his power to support his family) ( The Bicycle Thief) , the work of Satyajit Ray also devotes attention to the social issues of superstition, illiteracy, and poverty. Works Cited Gordon, Robert. Bicycle Thieves , New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. Print. The Bicycle Thief. 2016. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Effective Healthcare Communication Essay Introduction Communication is the transmission of a message, idea, or information between one person and another orally, through signals or gestures, and body language. There should be a sender who conveys the message in such a way that the recipient understands in order for there to be communication. Healthcare communication encompasses the data connections that are; discussion of patient’s condition or tests among the medical team, the interaction between one medical facility and another or one office, and another (Hugman, 2009). However, healthcare communication is mainly relevant in the interaction between a patient, family, and the medical team, and also among the members of the medical team. It is of utmost importance for effective healthcare communication to ensure proper care and cultural and moral sensitivity to the patient. This paper discusses the basic elements of communication, and how these elements differ from the basic rules of healthcare. It also incorporates the issue of cultural differences and how they influence communication, and how one might encourage a patient to communicate effectively. Effective Communication All forms of communication verbal or nonverbal require both the sender of the message and the recipient to understand the message. If the recipient of information acts in accordance with what is expected by the sender, then there is effective communication. However, communication can only be made effective if there are the basic elements of communication which consist of; the sender, the receiver, the message, the channel, and the feedback (Hugman, 2009). These are the key elements of timely and effective communication since all these five elements are crucial for information to be generated, sent, received, and then understood for the recipient to give feedback. All these aspects are the core attributes for effective communication, and hence the five basic elements of communication are crucial in communicating effectively. Differences between Basic Elements of Effective Communication and Basic Rules of Health Care Communication In healthcare communication, more emphasis is put on listening to the patient. Healthcare is more effective when a medical officer listens to the patient, and understands the different modes of care to take. He or she also knows areas that are more sensitive for instance; their cultural and religious beliefs. Ineffective communication, however, the only requirement is for the message to be understood and a course of action taken accordingly. Healthcare communication also incorporates the nonverbal cues and the facial expressions by both the patient and the attending medical practitioner. Medical facilitators should be highly critical on their facial expressions, and the nonverbal cues they bring forth when attending to patients, because they may make or break the patient. On the other hand, they should also be able to carefully observe the patient’s expressions to be able to communicate effectively. Effective communication does not focus on the nonverbal cues and facial expressions but only focus on sending, receiving the message, and giving positive feedback. Effective communication does not require both the sender and the recipient of the message to be present in order to communicate effectively. This can be done through mail, telephone, or other means as long as the recipient understands the message and acts accordingly then there is effective communication. Healthcare communication, however, requires both parties to be present at that moment for communication to be effective. The attending medical facilitator should be present together with the patient in order for him or her to assess the patient and give the care needed. How to Encourage a Reluctant Consumer to Communicate Candidly A consumer might be reluctant to give information due to different reasons. They may be cultural, religious, gender among others. It is crucial for a medical attendant to spot the reason early, so as to know the approach to take and get all the necessary information he or she may require, to diagnose and treat the patient (McCorry, 2011). One of the methods used is to give the patient guarantee of confidentiality. Many patients are ashamed of some of their medical conditions and fear other people knowing about their conditions. It is, therefore, important for the medical practitioner to uphold their oath of confidentiality of the patient’s condition, and give their patient assurance that their conversation is confidential (McCorry, 2011). This will make the patient open up to them. Other patients may be reluctant to give information due to the gender of the attending medical staff. If this is the case, it would be wise for one to get a medical practitioner of the opposite gender and let him or her handle the situation if available. The underlying factor for one to be able to make a patient communicate candidly is listening carefully to the little they say and observing the patient carefully, to assess the barrier in order to be able to look for the best way forward. Impacts of Cultural Differences in Communication Different people have different cultures giving rise to different languages and different beliefs. This situation makes it extremely difficult to communicate effectively especially when there is a difference in language. On the other hand, the nonverbal cues are not interpreted the same across all cultures and therefore, making it even more difficult to understand. It is, therefore, necessary for one to take caution while addressing people of a different culture as one may not want to offend them. Conclusion It can be concluded that communication is key in healthcare. It is, however, equally important for all members of the medical team to take caution while addressing their patients to ensure proper care. It can also be noted that patients may be reluctant in relaying information and looked at cultural differences impacts on communication. Healthcare communication is, therefore, a wide topic and should be studied comprehensively for proper healthcare. References Hugman, B. (2009). Healthcare communication . London: Pharmaceutical Press. McCorry, L. K., & Mason, J. (2011). Communication skills for the healthcare professional . Philadelphia: Wolters Williams & Wilkins Health. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Boys’ and Girls’ Sexual Abuse Relationship Research Paper Having conducted a research devoted to the relationships between boys’ and girls’ sexual abuse, the following results have been obtained. 28% of sexually abused girls experience sexual problems, suicidal attempts, and psychological distress in comparison with 49% of sexually abused boys. Notably, the reaction of girls’ abuse may be seen in family relations. The same reaction was described by Hébert et al. (2006) when he wrote about family dysfunction, despair, and dejection. These processes are closely interconnected with girls’ condition, therefore, when something wrong is seen, it can be easier to understand the issue. In case with boys, nothing similar is observed. Boys suffer from abuse more individually and do not allow their feelings to spread on the family well-being. However, sexual abuse may be a result of children’s suicide. The rate of boys’ deaths is higher than that of girls’. Unfortunately, the research proved the spread opinion that the cases of girls’ abuse are more prevalent in comparison to boys’ one, however, this tendency is changing and the number of sexually abused boys increases. Conducting a literature review, we came across several studies with contradicting research results. Having compared the information containing in Leeb, Barker, and Strine (2007) where they are sure that the number of abused girls still remains higher with the research results presented by Cossins (2010) who is sure that boys are abused sexually, girls domination is obvious. This rate cannot be even compared to the one of girls’. Our research shows that even though the number of abused boys is great, predominate position still remains with girls. Therefore, the hypothesis of Leeb, Barker, and Strine (2007) should be reconsidered. Dwelling upon the cases of sexual abuse and their influence on children’s life, it is essential to see that the affect on boys’ life is greater than on girls’ one. Being subjected to suicide, both boys and girls try to cope with the problem. Being more emotional, girls express their dissatisfaction, fear and pain through their behavior, while boys keep everything inside. Therefore, emotional pain of boys is greater as they are unable to cope with it themselves. Girls are more open and even if they do not say directly about their pain, they do all possible to release from it switching to something different. Of course, the family problems are not the way out of the situation, however, most of girls are able to cope with their personal issues having involved family into conflict. Gartner (2007) is sure that one of the main reasons why boys and girls face the problem of sexual abuse is lack of knowledge. Having included the questions devoted to sexual education and to the problems all children are to know, it was found out that most of children are unaware of the simplest knowledge. Therefore, the research results prove the hypothesis that the number of sexually abused girls is higher, however, boys endure the problem more difficult as they are unable to cope with their pain and despair. Moreover, it has been found out that both boys and girls lack basic knowledge about sex and other related issues. The research has some limitations, the main of which is the inability to make sure that children gave fair answers. It should also be stated that many boys and girls may hide some information because of shame, fear, and the absence of desire to be different from others. Children prefer to remain silent than to speak. This is the main problem which is to be solved in the future. Reference List Cossins, A. (2010). Protecting Children from Sexual Violence: A Comprehensive Approach. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. Gartner, R. B. (2007). Beyond Betrayal: Taking Charge of Your Life after Boyhood Sexual Abuse. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. Hébert, M., Tremblay, C., Parent, N., Daignault, I. & Piché, C. (2006). Correlates of behavioral outcomes in sexually abused children. Journal of family violence , 21 (5), 287-299. Leeb, R., Barker, L. & Strine, T. (2007). The effect of childhood physical and sexual abuse on adolescent weapon carrying. Journal of Adolescent Health , 40 (6), 551-558. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Influence of Women on the Culture of the Heian Court Essay The Heian period is considered to be one of the most remarkable periods when arts and especially literature flourished. This period is also associated with a very special role women played at the royal court. Some researchers claim that this was the period of certain empowerment of women as they occupied specific posts at the court (Ebrey et al. 208). However, this was also the time when women shaped the very nature of Japanese literature and developed a very special literary style. Some works created at that time are still regarded as some of the most significant masterpieces of the world literature. Females made Japanese literature refined, intimate a bit subjective, but absolutely majestic. During the Heian period women started playing a more active role in the Japanese society. However, this role was still secondary as males were regarded as superior members of the society. This was revealed in various fields. For instance, women were not taught Classical Chinese as that language was seen as “very much a male preserve” (Bowring 11). It is believed that males were afraid of possible empowerment of women through their knowledge of the formal state language and, thus, males did not let women learn the Chinese language (Bowring 12). Though, it is also important to note that women were not deprived of education as they could use Japanese which was then a written language (Bowring 12). The Japanese language was not spoken at that time and was seen as somewhat archaic. However, this was not an obstacle for women who started writing down their contemplations and observations, their dreams and aspirations. Soon Japanese prose became an example of the most refined language. Women remained in the terrain males reserved for them. Females kept diaries where they shared their feelings and their viewpoints. These pieces were rather fragmented and addressed a variety of issues. This specific style had become classic soon. For instance, during this period two major works, which are regarded as major masterpieces of the period, were written: Pillow Book by Sei Shonagun and Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu. These works are very intimate but they are regarded as historical and literary works. As has been mentioned above, the authors expressed their feelings and their viewpoints. They also wrote about their life at the court and depicted events which had happened. However, what is the most remarkable about the period and women’s role at the court is the refined style developed by female authors. Notably, Bowring claims that the language itself was one of the factors that contributed to development of such a refined style (12). Admittedly, the written language was not spoken at that time and female authors had to use quite formal structures without making their works too ‘prosaic’. Of course, the language played a very important role. However, those were females who created the so-called “flowery language” (qtd. in Bowring 12). They had specific vision and specific style which combined formal structures, sincerity and emotions. The style developed by female authors was really special and it became a model to follow. This style reigned throughout a century. This style did empowered women to certain extent as they became poetic reporters of the life during that period. The importance of literary works created by females was certain evidence that women changed the court significantly as they won a particular niche for females. Works Cited Bowring, Richard. Murasaki Shikibu: The Tale of Genji . New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Print. Ebrey, Patricia Buckley, Anne Walthall and James Palais. East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History . Boston, MA: Wadsworth Publishing, 2008. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Main Body 3. Conclusion 4. Reference List Introduction Formative assessment is the process with the help of which students and teachers are able to improve the quality of students’ achievements during the education process (Popham, 2008). One of the main purposes of formative assessment is to assess students’ progress in studying, both in formal and informal forms. This allows teachers to use the information for “providing feedback and making decisions about further instructional activities” (McMillan, 2011, p. 6). In this paper, the article by Dylan Wiliam about the essential features of formative assessment will be analyzed and compared to other investigations conducted. The essential idea offered by Wiliam (2005) is that there are a number of concepts like questioning, feedback, self- and peer-assessment, and the criteria for success which have to be integrated in order to promote the process called the regulation of learning. Main Body The chosen field is investigated by a variety of professionals. Brookhart (2008a) paid certain attention to the importance of feedback in formative assessment in case it is done well. In comparison to Wiliam, Brookhart (2008b) defines not only the time and amount of feedback but also its modality because it is very important to “communicate the feedback message in the most appropriate way” (p.16). Brookhart (2007) is also the only writer who deals with the motivational and cognitive factors of formative assessment. Though students have to follow a number of rules and requirements set, it seems to be effective to observe their personal changes and feelings under the conditions dictated. Wiliam offers an example how formative assessment may influence the process of education. However, in comparison to Steven and Jan Chappuis (2007), Wiliam failed to evaluate the importance of summative assessment. Though he admitted that students have to “access their own performance objectively” (Wiliam, 2005, p. 30), it is not enough for the reader to understand why formative assessment is more appropriate for education. The main purpose of such assessment is to limit student’s and school’s level (Chappuis & Chappuis, 2007), thus, formative assessment is the only process that may encourage students and increase their potential. Wiliam (2005) successfully defines and briefly evaluates crucial components of formative assessment and provides the examples of how feedback or questionnaires have to be implemented in classrooms, even though he omits some aspects of self-evaluation. Conclusion In general, the idea of formative assessment has to be developed with time taking into consideration the changes of cultural and social backgrounds. Students should know how they can improve their knowledge and attitude to the educational process, and the information offered in the article by Dylan Wiliam will certainly help to keep the learning process on the right track and think about other strategies which may be used with time. Reference List Brookhart, S.M. (2007). Feedback that fits. Educational leadership: Informative assessment, 65(4), 54-59. Brookhart, S.M. (2008a). Feedback: An overview. In How to give effective feedback to your students (pp. 1-10). Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Brookhart, S.M. (2008b). Types of feedback and their purposes. In How to give effective feedback to your students (pp. 10-31). Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Chappuis, S. & Chappuis, J. (2007). The best value in formative assessment. Educational leadership: Informative assessment, 65(4), 14-19. McMillan, J. H. (2011). Classroom Assessment Principles and Practice for Effective Standards-Based Instruction . Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Popham, J. (2008). Transformative assessment. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. William, D. (2005). Keeping learning on track: Formative assessment and the regulation of learning. In M. Cupland, J. Anderson, & T. Spencer (Eds.) Making Mathematics Vital: Proceedings of the twentieth biennial conference of the Australian Association of Mathematics teachers . pp. 20-34. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Impact of Tyler Perry on the Hollywood Industry Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Hollywood industry has been playing a significant role in global film production since the beginning of the 20th century. There are many talented professionals in Hollywood who create exciting, engaging, and impressive films. One of them is Tyler Perry, an American actor and producer, who became one of the highest-paid professionals in Hollywood. Perry is a unique and important figure in the film industry because his projects aim not only to entertain, but also to raise topical issues of human beings. Thus, in his works, he discusses the issues that are mostly faced by black people, such as perspectives on race, class, and black authenticity. He also raises the questions of gender, religion, and spirituality. All these themes are topical for all generations, which is why his works are especially valuable in the Hollywood industry. In this paper, the answer to the question of why Tyler Perry is an important figure in the film industry will be included. In addition, the information about what distinguishes him from other black directors will be discussed. Main body Indeed, the projects of Tyler Perry are unique as it is difficult to find another producer or director who can intertwine all the mentioned themes within their works. Through his works, he managed to transfer many important ideas to society. Thus, he shaped and reinforced Black cultural identity, described Black cultural life, emphasized gender roles in Black families, and depicted class and religion in the Black communities (Jackson and Bell 8). Being a talented person, Perry could include a lot of important information in his works, highlighting the most crucial ideas, which made his plays and films very popular among people. What distinguishes Perry’s projects from the works of other black directors is that his films and plays are especially popular among black females, as they represent the target audience of the producer. Thus, Timothy Lyle examines Perry’s dramaturgy and asserts that a special connection between his productions and black women is ensured by Perry’s feminist advocacy (943). Indeed, one of his most famous works is about Madea, an elderly black woman who is always landing herself in a court for small violations. She tends to overreact when even a small and insignificant thing happens in her life. However, when someone is in a trouble, she is ready to help everyone around her. Using this unusual and controversial method of representing a protagonist, Perry demonstrates the true nature of black women. He explains the meaning of feminist spaces and motherhood and highlights the importance of self-sufficiency and self-definition for women. Also, Perry shows how black women overcome their crises and deal with conservative gender ideologies and patriarchal constructions of society (Carey 999). Even though it might seem that nowadays these issues are not topical anymore, in fact, many women still face these problems. Attending Perry’s plays and watching his movies help females to understand how to deal with the difficulties they experience. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that Tyler Perry is an important figure in the Hollywood industry, because he managed to raise a lot of topical questions in his films. His works are different from the projects of other black directors because he discusses specific issues and ideas that are especially crucial for Black females. The fact that the ideas he describes in his plays and films are topical for all generations further ensures their popularity. References 1. Carey, Tamika. “Take Your Place: Rhetorical Healing and Black Womanhood in Tyler Perry’s Films.” Journal of Women in Culture and Society , vol. 39, no. 4, 2014, pp. 999-1021. 2. Jackson, Ronald, and Jamel Bell. Interpreting Tyler Perry: Perspectives on race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality . Edited by Jamel S. C. Bell and Ronald l. Jackson II, Routledge, 2014. 3. Lyle, Timothy. “Check With Yo’ Man First; Check With Yo’ Man”: Tyler Perry Appropriates Drag as a Tool to Re-Circulate Patriarchal Ideology.” Callaloo , vol. 34, no. 3, 2011, pp. 943-958. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Electronic Crime Scene Investigation & Good Practice Guide Report Computer forensics is essentially the process of applying computer analysis and investigation to determine possible evidence for legal purposes (Robbins, 2010). All the two guides give necessary standards whenever using electronic systems in circumstances that require the use of computer forensic to determine some elements that cannot be discerned by normal human-oriented approaches. Both the Electronic Crime Scene Investigation & Good Practice Guide for Electronic Based Evidence bear the principle fact that computers have evolved into devices that have entirely revolutionalized the way things can be handled; and that they can be used to do both good and bad things. This is a major similarity between the two guides that comes out clearly from the onset. They both allude that computer-based or rather electronic material can provide very useful information that can then be used to give leads in cases involving crime, both at the scene of the crime and even the post-crime events. These devices can track down evidence even out of the scene of the crime, thus providing much-needed deep insight into more details of a committed crime, especially when electronics are involved. One major similarity is that both guides give a detailed step-by-step procedure of what to do at the crime scene once the responsible experts arrive. Though presented in different ways in terms of structure and layout, the two guides display a similar picture of the crime scene, the very first thing to do like looking around to identify which type of electronic equipment is available. According to the guides, some of the devices that can be found at the scene of the crime can vary depending on the nature of the organization. Examples of such devices are desktop computers, laptops and cameras. (Association of Chief Police Officers, n.d). These devices could be on or off and there are different ways to approach these different scenarios. The good Practice guide for computer-based Electronic Evidence for example suggests that for a computer that has been switched off; the area containing the equipment should be secured, any printers in progress allowed to finish and people moved away from any power supplies and computers. The Electronic Based Evidence guide indicates similar principles. It goes ahead to guide that the experts involved should go an extra mile to take notes of everything they do, observing changes seen in any device at the scene. Similarly, it also gives a step-by-step procedure regarding the conditions of equipment found like standalone computers and cameras (National Institute of Justice, 2001). Perhaps the main difference that comes out between the two guides is the depth of the details given and the overall arrangement of the content. While the Electronic Crime Scene Investigation guide gives very fine details that can be understood by a layman, the Good Practice Guide for Electronic Based Evidence assumes that the reader of the material is already conversant with the topic and can follow on any complex computer terms. A good example is on page 32 of the Electronic Crime Scene Investigation guide, where clear pictures of the removable storage devices and media described are presented. Some of the devices in pictures include scanners and different types of printers. In conclusion, both guides are on target at giving a perfect guide for computer forensics where a gathering of evidence at a crime scene is involved. Despite the obvious differences that exist, there are enormous similarities that come out, which agree with the general principle of computer forensics. Overall, they are great guides for professionals seeking rich guidance on computer forensic tasks. References Anonymous (n.d).Good Practice Guide for Electronic Based Evidence. Association of Chief Police Officers, National High-tech Crime Unit. Anonymous (2001). Electronic Crime Scene Investigation: A guide for First Responders. Washington: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice, 200. Robbins, J. (2010). An Explanation of Computer Forensics. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
With the wider availability of information and developing communication technology, the perception and role of teachers are rapidly changing. There are various challenges as well as rewards that are inherent to the job. In order to grow and improve as a teacher and a person, it is essential to reflect on my personal feelings and education practices that define them as a unique instructor. Being a teacher is a lot of responsibility and accountability. Those with any experience of education realize that the job requires not only the mastery of the subject being taught but also an understanding of human psychology, necessity to maintain self-control, and upkeeping utmost organization. To be honest, it is overwhelming and exhausting at times. However, the job brings incredible satisfaction and tremendous pride in the profession. There is the excitement of planning and executing projects with your class or taking advantage of a new teaching method that a more experienced educator has shared. The most rewarding moment is seeing a student’s eyes light up after comprehending a complicated topic that they have struggled with and finally understanding how a concept works. I have had a variety of teaching experiences, ranging from working as a tutor to coaching tennis. In each position, there were nuances and learning curves in the teaching process and approach to students. However, once I became accustomed to the job, it became a passion. The famous maxim attributed to Confucius, “choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life” applies to my experience with teaching. The profession fits with my identity of helping people and giving back to the community. Good teaching is more than a simple transfer of information and skill. It is based on empowerment and support for students, as a teacher can provide the opportunity and confidence to apply their knowledge. I believe that teaching fits perfectly with my caring and supportive character that seeks to empower others to achieve their objectives. Through this course, I have been able to learn about a wide variety of practices for teaching English as a foreign language. Linguistics can be quite difficult, and it requires an approach that would maintain student interest and encourage participation. Some of the sessions in the course that focused on needs analysis and exploiting dialogue are techniques that can be tactically applied in a learning environment. They increase participation and student awareness of the practicality for their knowledge of English. The use of “do-it-yourself” grammar lessons that encourage independent thinking and utilization of learned knowledge is an effective method to support the difficult acquisition of English grammar. Furthermore, I would like to practice certain techniques such as gamification or the “teach-back” approach that would provide some diversification to traditional instruction methods and would be used to reinforce specific concepts. I believe that there are no wrong teaching methods. In a real-life classroom situation, one can never know what particular approach can be helpful for individual students to understand a concept. However, there are some aspects that I believe would be inappropriate in teaching English as a foreign language. For example, relying on self-learning as the foundation for language learning (as it is commonly done in many college courses) is ineffective since it would discourage the systematic approach necessary in linguistics. Furthermore, I believe that placing students in situations where they would feel forced or uncomfortable to perform dialogues should be done with caution to prevent discouragement. Language acquisition is a long-term process which should occur naturally and supported by the classroom teaching methodology. Overall, teaching is my passion, and I look forward to being able to practice it on a daily basis. Participation in the Peace Corps teaching program will also provide me with an opportunity to make a difference in the world and empower individuals with knowledge of critical language skills. Despite the possible challenges that come with the position, I remain optimistic as it will help to contribute to my personal growth as well. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
S-Border Gateway Protocol for Internet Security Essay Introduction The article presents a safe architecture known as the S-Border Gateway Protocol (S-BGP) that can lead to the authorization and authentication of BGP, thereby reducing its associated security problems. Researchers in this study confirm that BGP has proven beyond a reasonable doubt that it is susceptible to varying attacks. The article states clearly that the lack of proper means to verify the authenticity, as well as the legitimacy of the control traffic associated with the BGP has been the major contributing factor in the unending attacks on BGP. The overview of the BGP is clearly outlined in the article, where the reader is introduced to the operation of the BGP. According to the article, the two main vulnerabilities that BGP faces include the attack on the Internet Protocol (IP) and the unauthorized modification and replacement of the software that is related to BGP. The weaknesses can lead to weaker user traffic and the misuse of network components. Moreover, the vulnerabilities can lead to congested networks and a breach of the rules that manage local routes. It is commendable to note that previous works that have been carried out to tackle security with regard to routing protocol have been recognized in this article. However, it has been noted that no other previous work had presented workable solutions to the security problems that were facing BGP. Main body There are a number of countermeasures that have been proposed in this article to address BGP security problems. There are two PKIs that are utilized by S-BGP to test the authenticity of the BGP speakers. The PKI’s uses are anchored on four types of X.509 (v3) certificates. This method requires every organization that has the right to own a section of the IP space to be issued with a certificate. The certificate proves ownership of a specific address. The uses of attestations (address and route attestations) have widely been advocated in this article as other countermeasures to BGP-related problems. The other three measures that have been proposed in the article are the validation of routes, the distribution of information on countermeasures, and the authentication of the router and IPsec. Concerted efforts have been made in this article to explain how the proposed countermeasures tackle the vulnerabilities that attack BGP. For example, the certificates are said to allow the verification of advertisement of addresses and the organization’s right to an AS number, among other efforts. The attestations help in authenticating prefixes of the different IP addresses and providing reports on the route path through the UPDATE protocol. IPsec, as explained in the article, gives the required security provisions that are necessary for the verification of the integrity of messages that are received by the BGP speaker. Despite the introduction of S-BGP architecture, there are still other vulnerabilities that the system is unable to tackle. An example of such problems is the inability to address the misbehavior of a particular BGP speaker, leading to the suppression of various BGP messages. Conclusion In conclusion, the article focused on the ability of the countermeasures to tackle security problems. Focus shifted to the analysis of processing the measures, the transmission bandwidth of the countermeasures, storage capacity of the BGP router, and the transition issues that were related to the deployment of the S-BGP. It is commendable to note that there were other subsequent researches that were carried out in an effort to make BGP more secure. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Pre-computer hardware 3. Historical overview 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Introduction The computer is one of the outstanding scientific inventions by man tracing back to the mid-twentieth century. Many advances have been made with the advent of computers. For instance, the organization of data has become more efficient and effective at the same time. Exchanging communication has also been revolutionized by computers. Moreover, the human mindset has equally made some significant strides in terms of critical thinking and analytical skills. Lots of calculations that used to be done manually have now been computerized. Important economic sectors like business and recreation have benefited more from this technological growth. Modern computer devices have a high efficiency level than the first generation machines. The size is also smaller enhancing its portability. This paper reviews the life history of computers from ancient ages to modern times. Pre-computer hardware Computers first came to be mentioned way back in 1613 (Allan 27). The term referred to an individual who had the task of performing calculations. The use of this word became a norm. In any case, a computer was not a device as we know it today but a live person. This continued until the end of the first half of the twentieth century. The beginning of the 20th Century witnessed a gradual change in meaning whereby it referred to more of a device used to carry out calculations rather than a human being. Historical overview One of the most ancient machines used to count was in resemblance to tallying sticks (Ceruzzi 23). Later developments saw the use of cones. They had a general name “calculi”. In this context, objects or items were bound together in certain quantities to facilitate easy counting. Tiny, well-shaped rods were used. Later on, a counting instrument called abacus was initiated. Its main purpose was to assist mathematicians in arithmetic. An abacus worked on the principle of reckoning and application of arithmetic functions without necessarily going through the long tedious counting process. Simply made but huge analog computers then followed during the Middle Ages to assist space scientists in their calculations (Ceruzzi 44). In 1206, an astronomical clock was invented by Al-Jazari (Allan 59). This clock created the foundation for the ability of analog computers to perform programming. This was followed by the first-ever manual calculator in 1623 courtesy of Shickard Wilhelm who invented it. This machine was digital and it marked the real onset of the computer age. Thereafter, the skill of using cards punched with holes made its entry into computing. Joseph –Marie Jacquard made a form of a loom whose operation was initiated by holed cards. It made it easier for early computer scientists to appreciate the skill of programming. The beginning of the 20th Century was characterized by the use of desktop calculators. Earlier inventions were re-structured and more features were added to allow them to use electric energy. Before and during the First World War, manual and electrical analog computers were considered to be the best in computing technology. They were seen as the future of computing competence. James Thomson took the technology of analog computing a notch higher in 1876 when he innovated a device called differential analyzer (Swedin & Ferro 63). The beginning of the Second World War in 1939 was accompanied by computing competence from analog to digital. In essence, modern computer technology started during this period. Every component switched from the use of extensive wiring to electronic boards. The period marked by the Second World War was characterized by three development stages that took place simultaneously. American scientists were also pursuing their developments around this time. For instance, Claude Shanon expounded on the relationship between Boolean concepts and electrical circuits (Ceruzzi 27). One of the multi-purpose computers built in the United States was called the ENIAC. It stood for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer. The outstanding feature of this machine was its high speed and ability to handle complicated programs. Although ENIAC was perceived to be a state-of-the-art piece of technology, it had some limitations (Swedin & Ferro 83). This then prompted the need to improve both its capacity and efficiency. This led to the introduction of first-generation computers. EDVAC came into existence as a result. It could store its programs, unlike ENIAC. By the start of the mid-twentieth century, commercial computers which had a faster multiplier were already in use. It was a modification from previous machines. The second-generation computers used tubes instead of transistors. These machines had fewer power requirements. IBM 1401 was very popular in the global market. The third generation computers did not follow immediately. Between the two generations, hybrid systems like UNIVAC 494 took the centre stage (Allan 176). The 21st Century computer technology base has been broadened. For instance, the multi-core Central Processing units are used on large scale. There are several versions of microcomputers and micro-processors in use today. Conclusion The synopsis of computer history is traced back to the early seventeenth century. This era was characterized by manual and crude forms of performing arithmetic. Interestingly, the word computer had a human definition as opposed to a device as it is known today. Major technological advances in computing have eventually resulted in the use of microprocessors and microcomputers which consume less power, occupy less space, are highly programmable, and generally efficient. Works Cited Allan A. Roy. A history of the personal computer: the people and the technology 1 st ed. Ontario: Allan Publishing, 2001. Print Ceruzzi E. Paul. A history of modern computing 2 nd ed. M.A: Techset Composition Ltd, 2003. Print Swedin Eric Gottfrid and Ferro L. David. Computers: The life story of a Technology: Westport: GreenWood Press, 2005. Print | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Quality of Similar Products Essay Toyota and Rolls Royce are two different leading car-manufacturing industries. Toyota is a Japanese company and has a wide range of car varieties such as Toyota Corolla, which is one of the popular cars since 1966. Since 1997, Toyota has sold many brands of corolla cars all over the world (Corolland, 2011). The models have undergone more redesigns. Rolls Royce on the other hand is a British brand founded in 1906. It also has a wide range of car varieties, including Rolls Royce Phantom and Extended wheelbase (Rolls-Royce, 2011). The makers of Toyota Corolla have redesigned the car from first generation to the tenth generation. The first generation corolla includes Corolla E10 or the sprinter while the tenth generation includes Corolla Altis and Axio (Corolland, 2011). Customers consider Toyota Corolla as an economy car since it is small, less expensive, and consistent. Many Americans buy the Corollas since they are dependable in transportation because the cars do not consume a lot of fuel. Toyota Corolla has a selection of body styles such as sedan, hatchback and wagon. The Sedan type has three categories: base, Sedan base and LE. The design of the Sedan is similar to other sporty cars with features like alloy wheels, body kit and back spoiler. All Toyota Corolla car models come with four-cylinder engine which has a 132-horse power and can hold up to 1.8 liters. It has a five speed manual program which controls the front wheels. Thus, an average consumer mostly buys Toyota corolla; its travel quality is smooth and efficient. The Corolla Altis, which is the new model of Toyota Corolla 2012, has more advanced qualities. It has a wood finish for the dashboard and it looks more luxuriant. It comes with two selections of diesel or petrol (Corolland, 2011). Rolls-Royce on the other hand has evolved with different designs. The Rolls-Royce Phantom is almost similar to Toyota corolla and has unique quality of waftability. Users achieve waftability through effortless acceleration, smoothness and quietness. It has a manually automatic transmission that is automatically controlled. The car has V12 engine that can hold up to 6.75 litres. The engine is made of aluminum and four valves placed in each cylinder. Phantom engine is hand build, which means that other engineers can reassemble its components. Moreover, Phantom engine has several features such as direct injection, variable valve lift and timing, and thus it is very powerful and fuel-efficient. The model has extended wheelbase that gives more legroom. The long wheelbase gives the driver and other passengers an excellent riding comfort. Its fuel tank is capable of holding 100 liters (Rolls-Royce, 2011). In this regard, cost is a function of market requirements because it is related to product positioning because it is the total of all the costs related with the manufacture of a product. The variable costs include labor of materials and cost of raw materials used to create the product (Heizer & Render, 2011). Furthermore, the cost also affects the product features, marketing channel decisions and advertising. As seen in the two products, Toyota Corolla and Polls-Royce Phantom, companies can achieve high quality through quality control and continuous quality improvement. Good quality leads to higher profits and this can be achieved through techniques such as process automation, which involves high levels of accuracy when manufacturing a product. For example, Toyota uses lean manufacturing using automated techniques to manage its inventory. Another technique is focusing on customers needs. Kenneth (2005) affirms that companies should understand customer’s preferences, and meet their requirements as well as strive to exceed those requirements. Thus, Toyota and Rolls-Royce are good examples of companies that have focused on the needs of customers to offer product satisfaction. References Corolland. (2011). The Toyota Corolla. Web. Heizer, J., & Render, B. (2011). Operations Management (10th ed.). Boston, MA: Prentice-Hall. Kenneth, H. R. (2005). Quality Management: Why, What and How . Fort Lauderdale, Florida: J. Ross Publishing. Rolls-Royce. (2011). Rolls-Royce Latest News. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Movie and Drama. A Few Good Men Essay The presentations of A Few Good Men play version contrasts considerably with the movie version. The dissimilarities are exposed by the way the characters have been molded. Also the camera and sound effects plays a considerable role in separating the two versions. It ought to be noted that in movie version the characters are more vibrant and realistic than is in the play version. Another notable thing is that the use of diverse camera angles such as close shots, close ups and extreme shots makes the movie version more captivating. Although the play version is more engaging than the movie, it lacks the glamour and flamboyance brought by the lighting and effects. Therefore, the movie is crisply captivating and solidly moving. This can be supported by the fact that though the play version is etched on humor the movie is tied to professionalism. Thus, such dynamics as low and high camera angles are exploited to give the characters diverse features. For instance, the manner the soldiers are depicted in the two versions exposes another considerable dissimilarity. The play version depicts soldiers who look weak and unmotivated. However, the movie version adds glamour and elegance as it depicts the soldiers being glamorous and thrilling. Also, the setting and the backdrop background lighting is quiet contrasting. With the panning and zooming of camera to introduce new scenes the dissolving effects ushering in new scene paves a paramount view that is lacking in the play version. Despite the consistency of play version it precedes the movie in that it is presented in its original form without any cuts and insertions. Therefore, it can be argued that the movie presentation is more dynamic. Consider the fact that the introduction of technology in the movie set the pace for thrilling incidents. That is why the calculated use of light and sound effects, compositing and fine editing makes the movie to be magnificent. However, the play version is sustained by its humorous angle with its well developed suspense. Comparing the two versions it is apparent that the play version is anchored on the aspects of conventional theatre. While on the other hand the movie is tied to dynamics of technology. Though, the theme and the plot revolve within the same axis, the movie generates more dramatic fireworks than the play. These differences are all linked to the fact that in the movie precision and suspense are more concentrated. More so, the play though dramatic in nature does not provide the audience with the variety of cinematic changes. This includes dialogue, climax and background variances. The only apparent similarities in both instances rest on the story but the dialogue is in one way or the other a little different due to the short anecdotes of humor in the movie version. In conclusion both versions have been developed differently. Though, the movie version is an adaptation of the play it is evident that the movie version is more interesting. These profound changes can be correlated to the fact that technological changes have played a role in shaping the movie. Though, the play is also incorporates diverse technological aspects but it lacks that profound consistency. Therefore, the elegancy of lightings, camera angles, compositing, effects as well as the background sets the two versions aside. More so, the characters depiction and engagement provides a rich ground for these variances. While the play is engrained in employing multitude the movie went of a lean cast. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. The life of Snelling 3. Awards and Major Works 4. Conclusion 5. References Introduction Douglas B. Snelling was an outstanding architect and designer of the post-war period in Australia. He was an English-born, self-taught designer who managed to get a professional diploma only in 1950s in Australia. He moved to Australia in 1942 but left for the USA for the World War Two period; while living in the USA he worked in the sphere of advertising and cooperated with the US Navy and the Kriesler Radio Company (Payne, 2002, p. 157). He also pursued his career in advertising during his stay in New Zealand. However, his meeting with Frank Lloyd Wright became a turning point in his life giving an incentive to become an architect (Payne, 2002, p. 157). The life of Snelling Snelling returned to Australia in 1946 and started producing functional furniture together with co-founders of the Functional Products Pty Ltd. with Terry Palmerston. The main incentive for their undertaking was the fact that Australian furniture was not adjusted to the human needs and did not provide convenience and aesthetic pleasure. Thus, the Snelling Line appeared in the furniture market – web chairs, unit cabinets called the Snelling Module became the major field of Snelling’s work in design (Payne, 2002, p. 157). Even on qualifying as an architect in 1950s Snelling did not give up interior design and continued working with furniture and managing the Functional Products Pty Ltd. Upon its becoming a public company (Payne, 2002, p. 157). Awards and Major Works Among Snelling’s most popular architectural works one should take into consideration the Tahiti residence that was built in the exotic “Hawaiian” style – it is “situated within 2046 sqm of tropical gardens at a captivating vantage point above Hermit Bay” (“Tahiti” – Sydney’s Harbourside House, 2009). This residence remained so impressive and unique for more than half a century that it was sold at a record price of $29.5 million in 2007. The house has remained so attractive due to its comfortable design, luxury and warm atmosphere achieved by means of wide terraces, open construction that presupposes living areas for guests and personnel, presence of a billiard room and a place for the discotheque etc. (“Tahiti” – Sydney’s Harbourside House, 2009). Figure 2. The ‘Tahiti’ Residence Snelling’s web chairs are also worth separate consideration – they are considered a ‘must have’ for any collector of chairs, and they used to be highly popular in Australia. Due to the canvas webbing in the Scandinavian style, they became an indispensible element in any Australian house due to their mobility, tidiness and elegance. The revolution made by Snelling represented a protest against hard chairs taking much space and being hard to move; the contribution to the interior design in Australia in the middle of the 20 th century became so recognized that the web chair of Snelling won the Australian design awards and was included in the list of top 20 authentic Australian design elements (Holland, 2002, p. 7). Figure 2. Snelling’s Web Chair One more award that needs to be remembered about Snelling’s architectural work is the design of the Snelling house that was further on restructured and redesigned by Alexander Tzannes. It won the Robin Boyd Award for Housing. The house was built of “local sandstone, timber, steel and glass” in order to become a suitable complement to the surrounding typical Australian environment. Though the house was mostly neglected in the second half of the 20 th century, in 1996 it was reconstructed to remain a living example of Snelling’s creative activity (Smelling House, 2010). Conclusion Snelling’s creative spirit and rich experience he obtained living and working in the USA, New Zealand and Australia was implemented in the major works he conducted in the sphere of advertising, design, architecture etc. Living from 1917 to 1985, Snelling managed to grasp the post-war motives of functionalism that were apparent in his furniture and construction works that find their recognition even nowadays. More in-depth research of Snelling’s life and career will give a better idea for those wishing to know about the measure of his contribution in the world’s architecture and design as well as the measure of novelty introduced by him in the discussed fields. References Holland, A 2002, ‘Design down under’, The Sydney Morning Herald , Web. ‘Now & Then – Douglas Snelling Chairs’ 2009, Collectors , Web. Payne, S 2002, ‘Douglas Snelling and Functional Products’, in M Bogle (Ed), Designing Australia: readings in the history of design , Pluto Press Australia. ‘Snelling House’ 2010, Interior Design Awards , Web. “ Tahiti” – Sydney’s Harbourside House 2010, Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Cross-Cultural Training for New Harbor Memorial Hospital Essay My project is associated with providing cross-cultural training to the staff of New Harbor Memorial Hospital. The primary evaluation method was selected to be a simple pretest-posttest analysis; however, a qualitative approach to evaluation can also be beneficial for the project. Utilizing a mixed-method approach to evaluation can help acquire more in-depth results than utilizing either a qualitative or quantitative approach. Researchers utilize mixed-method approaches to validate qualitative findings using quantitative methods, explore quantitative results, augment quantitative data using qualitative methods, develop survey instruments, or involve community-based stakeholders (Wisdom & Creswell, 2013). The primary benefits of the mixed-method approach include the ability to compare qualitative and quantitative data, reflect participants’ viewpoints, collect flexible data, and promote interaction (Shorten & Smith, 2017). Semi-structured interviews with different stakeholders can help to expand the understanding of the program’s impact. One of the measures of the program’s success is the personnel’s cross-cultural self-efficacy. While self-efficacy will be measured using a survey before and after the program, five semi-structured interviews with the staff members are expected to expand the knowledge about the program’s impact. Four participants of the program and one of their managers will be interviewed to emphasize the benefits and flaws of the program and understand the transformations that the program helped to achieve. All the participants will be asked the created interview questions, and the provided answers will be recorded and carefully transcribed. Thematic analysis will be performed after the data is collected to identify valuable ideas. Interview transcript responses will be examined for codes based on related content. Each code will be evaluated for frequency across the interview sessions. These codes will be then categorized into main themes. References Creswell, J.W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Pearson. Shorten, A., & Smith, J. (2017). Mixed methods research: expanding the evidence base. Evidence-Based Nursing, 20 , 74-75. Wisdom, J., & Creswell, J. W. (2013). Mixed methods: integrating quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis while studying patient-centered medical home models. Rockville: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Type of Study 2. Independent Variable 3. Dependent Variable 4. Control Group 5. Experimental Group 6. The Null and Alternative Hypotheses 7. References Type of Study The proposed experimental research is a study that explores between-subject effects. This is because the participants of this study will be assigned to two groups – experimental (exercise) and control (no exercise), and the two groups will have to be compared in order to determine the impact of the exercise (Warner, 2013). Independent Variable The independent variable for the current study will be Exercise ; it will have two values: exercise and no exercise. Dependent Variable The dependent variable for this research will be Arousal ; an appropriate instrument will need to be selected in order to measure the levels of arousal in the participants of the study. Control Group The control group will be that to which no treatment will be provided, that is, the group that will not do the exercise. Experimental Group The experimental group will be the group the participants of which will do the exercise. The Null and Alternative Hypotheses The exact wording of the null and alternative hypotheses will depend on whether or not the levels of arousal are measured at the baseline (Field, 2013). If it is measured at the baseline, the null hypothesis will be as follows: “There is no significant difference in the levels of arousal between the exercise and no-exercise groups, while statistically controlling for the pre-exercise levels of arousal”; and the alternative hypothesis will be as follows: “There is a significant difference in the levels of arousal between the exercise and no-exercise groups, while statistically controlling for the pre-exercise levels of arousal.” On the other hand, if the levels of arousal are not measured prior to the intervention, the null hypothesis will be as follows: “There is no significant difference in the levels of arousal between the exercise and no-exercise groups”; and the alternative hypothesis will be as follows: “There is a significant difference in the levels of arousal between the exercise and no-exercise groups.” References Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. Warner, R. M. (2013). Applied statistics: From bivariate through multivariate techniques (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Abuse and Neglect in Long-Term Care Facilities Essay (Critical Writing) What are your initial thoughts about this article? Have you heard of any similar cases in regards to abuse/neglect of an OA in a nursing home? I have read many articles concerning neglect or even abuse in nursing homes. These issues are rather common in Canadian and US long-term care facilities (Moeller, 2017). Many residents of nursing homes are vulnerable and unable or unwilling to voice their concerns. One of the most alarming trends is the inability of families to address the problem. For instance, Dehaas and Otis (2018) report that a family could not take their older relative from a facility due to financial issues, and the patient died within six months after her admission. What organizational policies and support are required to effectively prevent and address abuse and neglect of older adults living in LTC facilities? One of the most effective solutions to addressing neglect and abuse in LTCs is the establishment of appropriate organizational culture. Killett et al. (2014) state that the development of proper culture is a complex process involving staff training and development. Furthermore, it can be necessary to introduce certain policies and standards associated with the provision of high-quality care, communication, as well as whistleblowing. Healthcare professionals should be responsible and willing to address the needs of their patients. It is also important to make sure that organizational standards include documents where the concepts of neglect and abuse are properly identified. Employees should clearly understand what actions are improper. What are some risk factors that can lead to abuse and neglect by staff in a LTC setting? Some of the common risk factors related to neglect are associated with certain organizational gaps (Killett et al., 2014). The lack of knowledge and experience among employees, their burnout, and excessive workload can lead to inadequate behavior. The lack or absence of policies and standards that could guide the staff can also result in neglect. Finally, employees’ low salaries and unattractive benefits can also be risk factors. References Dehaas, J., & Otis, D. (2018). Families sue Ontario long-term care providers over ‘disgusting’ neglect . CTV News . Web. Killett, A., Burns, D., Kelly, F., Brooker, D., Bowes, A., La Fontaine, J., … O’Neill, M. (2016). Digging deep: How organisational culture affects care home residents’ experiences. Ageing and Society, 36 (1), 160-188. Moeller, P. (2017). Health care watchdog sends urgent alert on potential nursing home abuse . PBS . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
5). The rapid evolution of technology and science conditioned the appearance of numerous opportunities that could be used by health care providers to help patients who suffer from various diseases. Moreover, the development of the health care sector and health technology resulted in the creation of new approaches to work with disabled people (Reason Digital par. 6). At the moment, they are being provided with specific devices that should make their life easier and help them in everyday life activities (“Biggest Innovations in Health Care Technology in 2015 & 2016” par. 4). Besides, engineers tend to create new devices to help this category of people not to feel disadvantaged. The given report revolves around the mechanical device created for a paraplegic patient to assist him/her with transitioning from a wheelchair into a Jacuzzi without anyone’s help. Paraplegic patients could be characterized by the limited excursion and inability to perform some routine activities (“Disability & Health Technology” par. 3). For this reason, they are suggested to use specific devices that should help them to overcome all difficulties that might appear in their everyday life. Modern wheelchairs have numerous options and guarantee a certain level of comfort for their owners (“People with Disabilities” par. 5). Yet, their capabilities are still limited, and there is a need for additional devices (“Ten Assistive Tech for People With Disabilities” par. 5). That is why we aim at the creation of a mechanical device to transport a paraplegic patient from a wheelchair into a Jacuzzi. Designing the mechanism we assume that he/she has a good upper body and arm strength that could help to use the device. We believe that the target audience for this report is comprised of paraplegic patients and medical professionals who will install, train, and operate the given device. In general, the device could be described as a certain system of blocks and levers that guarantee the transition of a patient from his/her wheelchair into a Jacuzzi. It consists of a bolted and flexible beams coalesced by the actuator and slider. The choice of the given design is conditioned by several factors. First, the lever will help to reduce the effort needed to use the device. At the same time, the slider and actuator guarantee that the construction will return to its initial state and there will be no need for extra actions to prepare it for further use. The wheelchair is lifted with the help of the flexible beam and transported into Jacuzzi. It could be easily used by any paraplegic patient who has the same needs. Besides, the construction could be characterized by a great level of safety and reliability. There are no parts that could harm a person. The absence of sharp edges guarantees serious trauma and injury avoidance. At the same time, it is a mechanical device which means that there is no need for electricity. It contributes to the increased security as the usage of various appliances in the environment implies water is extremely dangerous. For this reason, one should conclude that the given mechanism should be considered advantageous and could be provided for disabled people. That is why the main aim of the given report is to provide a detailed overview of the given mechanic device that is aimed at the provision of certain assistance for disabled people. It could be considered efficient enough to be recommended for further development and use by a wide range of patients who have similar needs. Works Cited Assistive Technology: Devices Products & Information . n.d. Web. Biggest Innovations in Health Care Technology in 2015 & 2016 . n.d. Web. Disability & Health Technology . n.d. Web. People with Disabilities . n.d. Web. Reason Digital. Four ways technology can help disabled people . 2013. Web. Ten Assistive Tech for People With Disabilities . n.d. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
You Cannot Live Without Mobile Phones Argumentative Essay While communication technologies have penetrated to the lives of contemporary society, it does not positively contribute to its adequate cultural, psychological and social development. Ladies and gentlemen, today my team plan to prove the affirmative speaker’s argument is not well-grounded because it distorts the current data on negative influence of mobile phone use. My argument will provide a wider picture on social, cultural, and political contexts that are negatively influenced by the wireless technology. My first speaker will elaborate on the negative impact of mobile phones on human health, which can persuade the audience that living without mobile phones is possible because this lifestyle is much healthier. My second and third speakers will focus on detrimental effects of living with mobile phones in cultural and political terms. The exploration of all these outcomes can prove the living without mobile phones is much better. Affirmative speakers recognize that mobile media and communication networks have captured the entire global community that cannot imagine their daily activities without phone use. All meetings, conferences and appointments are now arranged by means of these portable devices because it is incredibly fast and convenient. However, overuse of mobile phones deprives people of face-to-face communication and makes them less interested in visiting their friends and relatives. More importantly, daily use of cell phones can pose harm to human health due to the influence of phone radiation. In a broader sense, use of telecommunication technologies makes people more dependent on social opinion and political power that often manipulates society for their own purposes. Power and mobile communication, therefore, shape a dangerous synthesis depriving people of personal, objective evaluation of various events. The fact that society is constantly developing is undeniable and the invention of mobile inventions is a logical outcomes. However, technological progress does not always contribute to the improvement of societal welfare. Hence, emergence of wireless technology creates a wider access to information and people, but deprives people of face-to-face communication (Ganguly et al 2011). Reference to previous history of development proves that society can flourish without use of mobile phones. The point is that older generations are not so dependent from cell phones as their descendants (Walsh et al., 2010). Indeed, young people embracing technology are more likely to employ wireless technologies rather than take advantage of live communication. Despite this face, the possibility to minimize the use of cell phones is possible as soon as numerous researches introduce the persuasive arguments about the harmful effect of their frequent utilization. As it has been mentioned previously by affirmative team, mobile phones constitute an inherent element of daily life. However, within a health care perspective, mobile phone radiation can have negative consequences for human health. Although recent studies have not approved the connection between radiation emission and cancer emergence, there are still other negative outcomes, such as thermal heating, which pose risks to human health. According to Ganguly et al. (2011), hazardous influence of mobile phones is under the focus of most scholars due to the increased demand for wireless technologies. In particular, the researchers insist, “most of the heating effect occurs on the head surface, facial nerves and surrounding sift tissue causing increase in temperature by a fraction of a degree” (Ganguly et al. 2011, p. 370). Many other negative outcomes can make the modern society think over the reduction of mobile phone use. Certainly, total refusal to use mobile phone in daily life is impossible, particularly for the representatives of Generation Y and Generation Z. These layers of population have grown up along with the simultaneous invention of these telecommunication devices. Therefore, their lifestyles could not be changed immediately. Although the affirmative speaker focuses on the development of innovative technologies as the way to societal welfare, the emergence of innovative technologies has had an adverse effect on social and psychological development of the global communities. This is of particular concern to the shifts in communication approaches, as well as daily activities. However, these changes could not be regarded as absolutely positive, although these technological introductions contribute to the emergence of a new society with new moral and ethical values that differ much from older generations (Nassiri et al. 2012). Dependence on these cell phones in these terms can distort individuals’ understanding of social and cultural identity. Nassiri et al. (2012) have also found interesting data about the connection between personality traits and mobile phone use. In particular, they have discovered, “…extraversion and neuroticism have from two major personality factors related to dependent on mobile phones” (Nassiri et al. 2012, p. 114). The studies, therefore, prove that use of wireless technologies creates an overwhelming impact on human behavior, personality, and consciousness, leading to loss of self-awareness and self-esteem. The possibility to live without mobile phones can also be supported by the greater concern with political influence and its dominating power in the sphere of media and telecommunications. In this respect, Goggin (2011) focuses on historic perspective to underline the insignificance of communication in lives people. In fact, most media companies have become dependent on mobile phones as the most popular media platform for mass mailing and advertising. Reference List Ganguly, S, Mukhopadhayay, S, & Guha, S 2011, ‘Stress to Human Health Due to Electromagnetic Radiation Emitted from Mobile Phone’, International Journal Of Bio-Resource & Stress Management , vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 369-372. Goggin, G 2011, “Power and Mobile Media”, In G Goggin (ed), Global Mobile Media, New York, Routledge, pp. 13-37. Nassiri, Z, Hashembeik, N, & Siadat, S 2012, ‘The relationship between type and amount use of mobile phone and personality characteristics of students’, Interdisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Business , vol.4, no.3, pp. 113-120. Walsh, S, White, K, & McD Young, R 2010, ‘Needing to connect: The effect of self and others on young people’s involvement with their mobile phones’, Australian Journal Of Psychology , vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 194-203. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“The Parting of Sir Lancelot and Queen Guinevere” by Cameron Essay Cameron’s photographs are very realistic portrayals of different characters in Tennyson’s Idylls of the King. The photographs tend to convey emotions, feelings, and the overall spirit of the events. I chose “The Parting of Sir Lancelot and Queen Guinevere” for analysis. It is a photograph of a seated bearded Sir Lancelot in hauberk in profile, leaning his chin upon the head of seated Queen Guinevere. He is gently hugging the queen with one hand while clasping her hand in another. This photograph was taken in 1875, and it is believed that this shot alone required forty-two attempts. This illustration accurately depicts the aesthetic of the characters, as represented in the poem. For instance, Sir Lancelot is shown as a young, well-built man, loyal, trustworthy, and loving; while Queen Guinevere is beautiful, noble, and virtuous. Here particularly, she looks weak and dependent on sir Lancelot. In this image, both characters look very calm and pacified, as if they are exhausted. The visual illustration contradicts expectations created when reading the poem, which is rather more emotional and exciting. They cherished last moments together before parting, described as “hands in hands, and eye to eye, tammering and staring; A madness of farewells.” On the other hand, the expression in their eyes reflects the inevitability and reconciliation with their fate. Furthermore, the image successfully manifests the theme of their passionate, rebellious love that brought both of them to death, as described in Tennyson’s poem. This image is strong compositionally and gives a lot of space for creativity, as it lets the viewer create various interpretations. It shows a peaceful moment of poor lovers and their belongingness to each other and yet manages to demonstrate strong individual personalities. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Most Significant Learnings on Creative Leadership Essay The last course has been insightful in understanding the importance of creative leadership within the complex corporate environment. Studies show that a majority of corporate leaders are worried that the business environment is going to get more complicated and they feel that their ability to survive is seriously questionable. Creative leadership may be a relatively under-researched area but this does not make it dispensable in business. Consequently, creative leadership will be a fundamental concept in the coming years especially because most leaders will need to cope with this changing environment. This course has therefore taught me how crucial creative leadership is incorporate emergencies (Leicester & O’Hara, 2009) Another essential ‘learning’ is that creative leadership facilitates bold thinking that enables one to create radical ideas or to follow through on the ideas. In other words, one needs to have the courage to challenge traditional ideas. This also implies that business models should be readily revised to realize the most effective strategies. Such individuals are therefore not afraid to disrupt business or to experiment frequently. The status quo is an enemy to such persons and theirs is to innovate continuously. Nonetheless, creative leadership requires very serious calculations prior to taking action as there are always inherent risks so the right leaders need to be cognizant of this fact. In case of failure that has occurred from the employment of a new strategy, creative leaders often encourage their followers to learn from those mistakes rather than preventing them from engaging in risk-taking ventures again. In fact, even measurement systems can be put in place so as to foster frequent learning for the past. Furthermore, bold thinking requires setting the trend in one’s industry. Such leaders often realize that it is not just enough to copy patterns that have worked before in other industries and then transfer them blindly to their own firms. The focus should be on what works best for such an institution rather than what has worked for other similar businesses (Damiani, 1998). The third learning on creative leadership is working with other people. In other words, creative leadership is not just a solo act; it requires plenty of involvement by respective parties. Such leaders need to forge deep relationships with two of their most important stakeholders i.e. their consumers and their staff members. In terms of staff members, one needs to accept the fact that cultural or organizational barriers are always existent in any institution, and if these obscure innovations and creativity then they need to be eradicated. An organization’s structure may be the problem if it is too bureaucratic. Conversely, it may be the organizational culture of selected individuals which has to be altered by those who are operating in such scenarios. How I will apply the three learning in improving my effectiveness One way in which I will apply one of the first learnings i.e. the use of bold thinking is through better communication. I plan on continuously improving the way I engage with any team members/ employees who are working hand in hand with me. In other words, I will be more engaging with my followers and will pursue a better way of delivering my messages to them continuously. Another way in which I will apply bold thinking is through the eradication of complacency. I will ensure that past successes never come in the way of possible successes in the future (McCauley & Van Velsor, 2004). Since working with people is an essential concept in creative leadership, I plan on making my respective teammates ever prepared for change. For instance, they should consider idea generation as a crucial part of their job description. Upon receipt of all the ideas generated, the best will be selected and then implemented in the organization. It will be essential to drive out the fear of work disruption from my team members as this could be a serious obstacle to creativity. By continuously generating new ideas, their minds will always be prepared for the change in whichever way it comes. Sometimes, there may be certain instances in which the concerned team members have already grown complacent. Therefore it is essential to boost their energy and their creative juices. This can be done by trying to instill a sense of identification and pride in their organizations. I plan on taking my team members through some sort of training that would unleash the deep sense of creativity that is needed in order to survive in this cutthroat environment (Puccio et al., 2006). Another way in which I will plan on effecting the three ‘learnings’ on creative leadership is through the instatement of support systems for creative leadership. This will require company processes, reward systems, and goals that would orient members of the team towards innovation and creativity. If other incentives are available to create the creative culture then chances are that the whole organization will be prompted to take part in creative efforts. Since consumers are an essential way of effective innovative solutions then I plan on making improvements with this group of people when looking for effective ways of improving the company. For instance, consultations will be made on the customer experience and what makes them quite unhappy will be unraveled. Furthermore, there may be a need to collaborate with suppliers as well because they have a direct effect on company operations and hence its ability to deliver. Once these stakeholders are involved, then it is likely that there will be more effective outcomes there. References Leicester, G. & O’Hara, M. (2009). Ten things to do in a conceptual emergency . NY: Triarchy Press. Puccio, G., Murdlock, M. & Mance, M. (2006). Creative leadership: skills that drive change . NY: Sage. McCauley, C. & Van Velsor, E. (2004). Center for creative leadership handbook. NY: Center for Creative leadership publishers. Damiani. A. (1998). Creative leadership: Mining the gold in your workforce . NY: Taylor and Francis. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The findings revealed several aspects of changes needed to have what would be referred to as successful meetings. Interview with Sales Manager The first interviewee was our sales manager. In the meetings normally chaired by the sales director, she acknowledged that she gets information before the meetings as scheduled. As the sales manager, she is expected to give feedback on some field activities and give details on how she prepares sales staff to achieve sales goals. He says that although the goal of sales team meetings is to discuss how sales can be enhanced, the meetings often end up becoming boring lecture sessions with non of the regional sales managers willing to offer insights into what is required of them. “They would rather listen to endless lectures from me and that of the director than make any meaningful contribution”, he quipped. Apparently, it has come to her realization that these meetings are held with several agendas in place, with some repetitively discussed with no concrete agreement on the way forward. This trend of overloading the sales team with a lot of information does not help in developing new creative ideas to help boost goal orientation (Heathfield, 2010). Recommendations According to the sales manager’s recommendation, the sales team (regional sales managers included) is supposed to be given time within the meeting schedule to discuss their real-life experience in the fields. She says that information should be shared within the regional sales teams, which can help develop new insights and ideas. By doing this, the conveners of the meeting will be able to recognize sales teams’ efforts, thus boosting their morale (Heathfield, 2010). Interview with Business Information Manager The second interviewee was the business information manager. In his insight, he observed that many of the meetings are never carried out with a properly formulated agenda, hence the little interest developed by participants. He states that on many occasions, the IT director convenes meetings only when there is a crisis. According to him, most of these meetings come with a lot of tension and the “participants have little to offer than listen to sermons”. He says that these meetings have no agenda, as they are convened with little or no plan at all, so the waste of time in lectures and warnings to sales team. He also stated that the meetings in most cases go without any refreshments or any sort of food, with the directors and senior management engaging in endless consultations and discussions that they rarely share with other participants. Recommendations He recommends that the best way to have meetings is to arrange regular mini-meetings that may help highlight issues that emerge within short periods. According to him, the need to have meetings that would develop gradual ideas to prevent problems from occurring is the best way out. By doing this, a particular period will be spent in organizing a friendly physical environment that would not distract anybody’s attention (Heathfield, 2010). He also stated that either food or refreshments should accompany any meeting, and this can only happen if there is a proper plan for meetings. Reference Heathfield, S. (2010). How to spice up your company meeting: Tips for Planning and Success. New York. New York Times. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
OSHA recommendations regarding workplace safety Essay Abstract How to promote workplace safety is a continued debate. Organizations invest millions of dollars in workplace safety training. Nevertheless, the current state of safety leaves sufficient room for improvements. This paper discusses and evaluates OSHA recommendations regarding workplace safety in the meat packaging industry. Cultural and language issues in workplace safety training are discussed. The duty to guarantee workplace safety is reconsidered from the deontological and utilitarian perspectives. How to protect employee safety in the workplace is a continued debate. Academic literature and OSHA provide safety recommendations for organizations in different industries. Unfortunately, the current state of workplace safety leaves much room for improvements. Organizations fail to meet even the basic demands for employee safety in the workplace. Immigrant workers are particularly susceptible to various workplace safety risks. In this situation, organizations are morally obliged to engage immigrant employees in workplace safety training that fits in their cultural conditions and teaches them the basic safety rules in their native language. Manufacturing organizations invest millions of dollars in workplace safety initiatives. Throughout the 20 th century, the number of workplace-related deaths dramatically decreased (Anonymous, 1999). Nevertheless, the level of safety in the workplace leaves much to be desired. In 2005, OSHA investigated workplace conditions in meat packaging enterprises in Nebraska (Gonzalez, 2005). The organization reported numerous, severe human rights and safety violations in the meat industry (Gonzalez, 2005). Some of the recommendations provided by the Human Rights Watch organization included (a) stronger laws to stop underreporting of workplace incidents and injuries; (b) stronger enforcement of worker compensation laws; and (c) new laws to guarantee safety of employees, irrespective of their immigration status (Gonzalez, 2005). Despite the seriousness of the situation, the recommendations provided by the Human Rights Watch are incomplete. I fully agree to OSHA and Human Rights Watch in that organizations are morally obliged to guarantee workplace safety for all employees, irrespective of their immigrant status (Gonzalez, 2005). OSHA obligates employers to furnish places of employment that are free from the risks of physical injury or death (Eckhardt, 2001). The logic behind this duty is simple: from the utilitarian perspective, employee injuries and deaths cause heavy financial consequences on enterprises (Eckhardt, 2001). From the deontological standpoint, employers are socially responsible for promoting employee wellness (Eckhardt, 2001). In this situation, developing and implementing sound and fair standards of workplace safety is a must. Unfortunately, OSHA and Human Rights Watch forget about the role of culture in developing workplace safety initiatives for immigrant employees. Achieving the desired level of workplace safety is impossible, unless employees have sufficient level of literacy and proficiency to understand safety policies in the workplace (Johnson & Ostendorf, 2010). The lack of literacy and language proficiency is a serious impediment to the development of effective workplace safety policies: for example, individuals who use English as a second language face considerable difficulties with using hearing protection in the workplace (Rabinnowitz & Duran, 2001). Therefore, organizations in the meat packing industry cannot improve their workplace conditions, until they incorporate a cultural and language element in their safety policies and training programs. Gaddis (2007) writes that investing in people is paramount to organizational success. The number of immigrant workers in the American enterprises constantly increases. Therefore, organizations are morally obliged to engage immigrant employees in workplace safety training that meets their cultural needs and teaches them the basic safety rules in their native language. Conclusion Manufacturing enterprises invest millions of dollars in workplace safety initiatives. Nevertheless, the current state of workplace safety leaves sufficient room for improvements. OSHA and Human Rights Watch forget that safety training in the workplace cannot be effective, unless it corresponds to the level of language and cultural proficiency in immigrant workers. The number of immigrant workers in American enterprises constantly increases. Therefore, organizations are morally obliged to engage immigrant employees in workplace safety training that meets their cultural demands and teaches them the basic safety rules in their native language. References Anonymous. (1999, 11 June). Improvements in workplace safety: United States 1900-1999. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Web. Eckhardt, R.F. (2001). The moral duty to provide workplace safety. Professional Safety, 46(8), 36-38. Gaddis, S. (2007). Establish a safety-based culture: Creating an injury/ illness-free workplace starts at the top. ISHN, 41(6), 69-70. Gonzalez, C. (2005, January 26). Group criticizes packers; Meat industry officials dismiss Human Rights Watch report; recommendations. Omaha World – Herald, 01B. Johnson, S. & Ostendorf, J. (2010). Hispanic employees in the workplace: Higher rates of fatalities. American Association of Occupational Health Nurses Journal, 58(1), 11-17. Rabinowitz, P.M. & Duran, R. (2001). Is acculturation related to use of hearing protection? American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 62, 611-614. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Making Solar Energy More Affordable Research Paper The use of solar energy can be critical for environmental and economic sustainability of many communities that can be located in different regions of the world. Moreover, the adoption of this approach can make societies less dependent on natural resources such as oil and coal that can eventually become depleted. At present, the main objective is to make solar energy technologies more affordable. Their price should reflect the purchasing power of contemporary buyers who want to make sure that their investment will break in the future. In many cases, some of these consumers believe that it is not reasonable to buy such products. To a great extent, this task is related to the work of engineers, since these professionals can make technologies more energy-efficient. Moreover, they should find solutions that can reduce the cost of manufacturing such products. For instance, they can select the materials that can be viewed as the best ratio of price and quality. Thus, one can say that these professionals can contribute to the spread of these technologies in various countries. These are some of the main details that should be taken into account. There are several ways of making this technology more affordable. First of all, engineers may need to focus on the process of manufacturing, because high production expenses often make solar energy technologies less affordable [1]. This problem can be partly explained by the need to use very expensive materials through which the electric charge travels. However, there are some alternative solutions. For instance, it is possible to construct sells that are composed of tiny cylinders. The main advantage of this approach is that it eliminates the need for high-purity materials that are usually very costly. In turn, the application of tiny cylinders can make solar panels less expensive. This is one of the suggestions that can be made. Apart from that, researchers speak about the use of nano-crystals that can increase the efficiency of solar cells [1]. Therefore, the investment into this technology can be more justified. By adopting this approach, the engineers may not necessarily decrease the cost of such products. However, they can dramatically increase the efficiency of these technologies and their overall value. If this approach is adopted, a greater number of people will be willing to purchase such products. This is one of the details that should be taken into account. Moreover, it is important to speak about the improvement of energy storage devices which are critical for people’s ability to harness solar energy. In particular, one can mention the use of such materials Glauber’s salt and paraffin wax because they are less expensive [2]. This strategy can help manufacturers offer products better correspond to the purchasing power of clients who may have different levels of income. These are some of the recommendations that can be considered. Overall, this discussion shows that the adoption of solar energy can be made possible provided that engineers find ways of making these technologies more economical. At present, there are materials that can reduce the costs of producing solar energy technologies. Moreover, there are ways of making solar energy technology more efficient. So, they can be of great value to consumers and investors. Finally, engineers can significantly make these technologies more affordable. These are the main arguments that can be put forward. References [1]. C. Zuchora-Walske, Solar Energy . New York: ABDO Publishing Company, 2013. [2]. R. Naggi, Solar Energy and Its Uses. New York: Pinnacle Technology, 2009. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Histrionic Personality Disorder and Its Components Essay Introduction This essay focuses on the personality disorders with specific reference to the case of Hilde, who had Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD). Personality disorders are chronic, persistent, and rigid forms of perceived responses to situations, which are adequately maladaptive to create a distraction in the functioning and environmentally created subjective distress. Personality disorders are common. People with these conditions tend not to show concerns with their situations. On the other hand, their relatives and friends tend to be concerned about their behaviors. In most cases, people with personality conditions tend to consider their personality characteristics as ego-syntonic. In other words, individuals consider their personality traits as consistent with their self-perceptions. This implies that people with personality disorders are not likely to seek help from professionals by themselves. Instead, other people may seek such help for them. Some major characteristics of these disorders include traits that appear odd or eccentric, dramatic, emotional or erratic, and anxious or fearful. A brief overview of Hilde’s case Hilde was a 42-year-old homemaker who had several complications, including headaches, marital issues, and gentle depression (Meyer, Chapman & Weaver, 2009). Initially, the family physician used reassurance and Valium to control the case of Hilde, but they did not work. Hilde never referred to her condition in personal terms but placed that responsibility on other people. She claimed that her husband was uncaring and noted that a secretary could have seduced him. These conditions and stress contributed to her headaches and depression. Hilde’s husband claimed that he had become tired of dealing with her. Steve married Hilde for her social status and physical attractiveness. Hilde maintained that her children were wonderful, while Steve noted that the children were spoilt and had a poor performance in school. Hilde was from a wealthy family and a highly valued child. Hilde’s parents never rewarded her adequately for her academic achievements, but they made fun of ‘intellectual snobs.’ During her adolescence stage, Hilde had a wide circle of friends but failed to create deep relationships with her friends. Although Hilde acquired a reputation of being loose sexually, this was not reflected in her actual behaviors. She considered junior high and high school as the ‘happiest moments of her life.’ However, college years were different for Hilde because she had to work harder than previously to attain average grades. Hilde dated many people but never developed any deep and meaningful relationships or sexual experiences. Steve and Hilde dated for few months and were married, and none of the family members objected. The courtship was in a whirlwind manner. Steve became highly occupied with his practice as Hilde was engaged in social activities. The couple’s life became dull as they rarely did anything meaningful together. Biological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components of Hilde’s case Biological factors were responsible for the case of Hilde. However, Hilde learned most of these disorder patterns from her parents and refined them with age to cope with her prevailing environments and social activities. Hilde’s upbringing contributed to her Histrionic Personality Disorder. Hilde’s mother only used her for social events as an object to show off at parties, but without much caring. Generally, she lacked good maternal attention but strived for her father’s attention. Emotionally, Hilde developed a wide circle of relationships but failed to create any deep, long-lasting emotional bonds. Hilde focused on social activities but failed to share personal challenges and vulnerabilities. Her parents also hid their marital problems. Hence, denial was rampant in the case of Hilde. Initially, Hilde displayed good academic performance, cognitive development, and intellectual competence. Unfortunately, these analytic capabilities deteriorated as she progressed through high school to college. Moreover, her family did not provide any meaningful reinforcement. Hilde focused on her physical attractiveness and social skills rather than developing her intellectual skills. Behavioral aspects of Hilde reflected histrionic personalities. She was categorical on social class and tended to elicit new relationships without developing deep contacts. She placed the blame on others because of her condition. Hilde was emotionally insensitive to others, and she did not understand her own behaviors. She displayed signs of being antisocial (Millon, 2004). Hilde had a mild case of attempted suicide in order to manipulate her husband’s decision of marrying another wife. Conclusion This essay has covered the personality disorders with specific reference to the case of Hilde, who had Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD). Biological and genetic factors could have contributed to the case of Hilde because her mother did not develop any deep relationships with her while her father was a patriarch. However, the highly demanding social environment shaped these personality traits in Hilde. Hilde showed intense emotional expression to gain favors but failed to develop any deep relationships with others. She did not understand her emotions. Hilde was intelligent, but her family failed to reinforce her academic achievements. Consequently, she declined in performance through her college years. Hilde showed a mild case of suicide to manipulate her husband as their relationship declined. Hilde’s treatment required rewards, assertive behaviors, avoidance of special treatment, and effective group therapies (Hansell & Damour, 2008). References Hansell, J., & Damour, L. (2008). Abnormal psychology (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Meyer, R., Chapman, L. K., & Weaver, C. M. (2009). Case studies in abnormal behavior (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon/Person Education Inc. Millon, T. (2004). Personality Disorders in Modern Life. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Modern Medical Institutions Introducing Electronic Medical Records Essay Abstract Modern medical institutions are gradually introducing Electronic Medical Records systems in their work to make fulfilling the duties of doctors and nurses more convenient and efficient. However, new programs and applications require improvements and adjustments to the needs of the staff, since their developers can not take into account all the nuances of practice in various fields of medicine. For this reason, the purpose of the study is to evaluate the information system used by the staff of the dental center and the possibility of employing Cerner. For this purpose, the literature on Electronic Health Records and Cerner limits in the dental clinic were reviewed, as well as in surveys of twenty specialists, and an interview was conducted. Respondents gave feedback on the advantages and disadvantages of the Warped program. The results of the study showed that Electronic Health Records are an effective technology for use in the dental sphere. However, Ward has such disadvantages as a complicated interface and a lack of options that slow down the search for information and work with documentation. Nevertheless, some technological improvements and staff training will eliminate these shortcomings and increase work efficiency. Limitations The methods of data collection and analysis demonstrated the effectiveness and appropriateness of the research, since its goal was achieved; however, the study has some limitations. First, the sample of respondents is insufficient as it consists of twenty dental specialists, which reduces the accuracy and relevance of the data. Moreover, only one person was interviewed; hence, data on possible changes in the system reflect the opinion of one person. Secondly, gender and age sampling is unequal, since women made up 80% of the respondents, and professionals over 50 and 60 years old were not distinguished into a separate category. This feature prevents understanding of the correlation of acceptance of the Electronic Health Records application according to the age and gender of a dentist. In addition, the survey was conducted in only one clinic, which does not show differences in the use of the system in institutions with different levels of funding and conditions of work. However, all these limitations do not eliminate the relevance and reliability of findings, since they reflect the general opinion of professionals with sufficient experience. Recommendations Recommendations for future researches are based on the limitations of the study, as well as promising fields for improving the Electronic Health Records system. A reasonable solution is to conduct the same research with a larger sample of respondents from various clinics and dental centers. This approach allows scientists to take into account the socio-demographic characteristics of medical professionals, as well as the status and working conditions in dental clinics, to confirm the accuracy of the data. Moreover, sampling should have criteria for respondents to represent various socio-demographic aspects in an equal manner. Further research also should be aimed at studying the specific characteristics of tWarped eed program that require improvement to make it convenient auser-friendlydly. Such a study involves a qualitatively qualitatively quantitativeive method for collecting and analyzing data. This kind of research can also help determine the source of problems of insufficieproductionity of the EHR programs, which lies in the flaws of software or unwillingness and inability of staff to accept innovations. These kinds of researches assist in adjusting Electronic Health Records and increase their effectiveness in dental practice. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
How to Integrate SWOT and QFD in an Organization Explicatory Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The audience 3. Problem 4. Recommendation 5. Conclusion 6. References Introduction SWOT is an acronym for Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities and Threats. Strengths and Weaknesses are internal while Opportunities and Threats are external attributes of an organizational environment (Ghazinoory et al., 2011). QFD stands for Quality Function Deployment, a strategic management technique for transforming the consumer needs into quality design products. There are four houses of quality in QFD. They include Product planning matrix, Part deployment matrix, Process-planning matrix, and Production control matrix (Kumar et al., 2006). Production planning matrix deals with identification of customer needs and market competitors. Part deployment and process planning matrices deal with production control mechanisms. Production matrix deals with control of the final products. The controls of the final product include quality and quantity controls (Kumar et al., 2006). The quality of the products should meet the expectations of consumers. The quantity of the outputs should be sufficient to meet the market demand and supply. The audience In this paper, the target audience is customers who consume organizational products. According to Bobrek and Sokovic (2006), the main concern of customers is satisfaction of their needs at affordable prices. Therefore, business organizations must strive for survival by ensuring that all customer concerns are satisfied. Problem The main problems faced by organizations in this context include identification of customer needs and market competitors. SWOT analysis is used by the organization in assessing its strengths and weaknesses against available opportunities and market threats. In this context, the strengths of the organization in question could be its brand position on the market, product differentiation, and quality customer service. Threats are market competitors and new market entrants (Ghazinoory et al., 2011). The threats could come from competitive brand qualities and prices of market rivals. The first house of QFD can help organizational managers in identifying market competitors. In this regard, the organization is supposed to carry out market scanning to establish the existing competitors. Upon identification of market rivals, the organization in question should embark on competitor analysis. Competitor analysis identifies the strengths and weaknesses of market rivals (Kumar et al., 2006). Recommendation In order to integrate SWOT analysis and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) effectively to gain a competitive advantage, the organization should use production planning matrix to identify competitors and consumer needs(Kumar et al., 2006). Then SWOT analysis should be employed to identify the strengths and weaknesses of market competitors. The organization should use weaknesses of competitors as an opportunity for business growth. Quality Function Deployment is essential in designing consumer products that meet market expectations. Part deployment, process planing and production control matrices ensure that high quality products are produced at minimum costs. The strategies an organization should employ in lowering production costs include the use of technology in production processes and use of cheaper production materials. Automation of production processes reduces human labour force, which in turn reduces labour costs. Automation also ensures high production rate and high output quality. Conclusion The employment of QFD allows the organization to produce high quality products at low production costs. The high quality products are critical in gaining a competitive advantage against competitors. The low production cost allows the organization to set lower prices, which serve as a competitive advantage against the market rivals. The outcome of high quality products at a lower price should be a rise in the volume of sales and profit margins. References Bobrek, M., & Sokovic, M. (2006). Integration concept and synergetic effect in modern management. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 175 , 33-39. Ghazinoory, S., Mansoureh, A., Mandana, A.M. (2011). Swot Methodology: A State-of-the-Art Review for the Past, A Framework for the Future. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 12(1) , 24-48. Kumar, A., Jiju, A., & Dhakar, T. (2006). Integrating quality function deployment and benchmarking to achieve greater profitability. Benchmarking:An International Journal,13(3) , 290-310. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Blowing Bubbles in Ferguson’s “The Ascent of Money” Essay The section ‘Blowing Bubbles’ of the book “The Ascent of Money” raises an important question such as what is the reason for producing bubbles and busts within the stock exchange. Niall Ferguson returns to the fundamental basis of the incorporated business in two major cities – Paris and Amsterdam. Moreover, the author shows the connection and similarities between the present collapse of a stock market and the Enron default along with a Mississippi Bubble of the eighteenth century that was created by John Law, a financial entrepreneur from Scotland. Furthermore, Niall Ferguson answers a question of why people follow a flocking instinct in matters relating to money and financial investments, and why virtually all attempts to meticulously predict the outcome for these investments are not able to succeed. Chapter Three ‘Blowing Bubbles’ focuses on probably one of the most outstanding objects within the subject of an economy – the joint-stock company. Some may consider the development of limited-liability organizations as a glorious event in modern history and economy. The author even accurately labels it, as the case may be, the distinct excellent Dutch creation of all times. The joint-stock company provides an opportunity for a person to merge properties and supplies without jeopardizing not only every item in the possession of an aforementioned person but a whole fortune. Despite the hypothesis of the command of attentive stockholders above the administration through a non-managerial directory, it appears to be that hundreds of thousands of stockholders are willing to purchase constantly and auction the imperceptible negligible piece of an organization, thus trying to evaluate the forthcoming available funds it supposedly will receive. As a result, a stock exchange becomes filled with a shared by many individuals’ attitudes, which follows five established paths. John Law was the first person to devise a stock bubble. The formation of VOC, which is short for the United East India Company in 1602, became an authentic turning mark. By 1650 the proceeds and dividends of the company were extensively bartered; after establishing control over the merchandise trades from Asia the VOC became an enormous cost-effective organization, which was administered by the contemporary approaches towards management, administration, and partnership. Law was enclosed by the financial novelties; furthermore, he wanted to integrate the ownership of an organization and the exclusive issuance of notes. France was an ideal country for implementing his idea due to the large national after-war debt. Law attracted more and more shareholders to this scheme by the potential for forthcoming income and higher face values; the prices of dividends escalated due to the printing of excess money, and John Law was devising a bubble. The United Kingdom has been implicated in an analogous South Sea Bubble, but with fewer losses for people and the stock market. On 29 October 1929, the most dreadful collapse of the stock market happened. Before 1932, the Dow Jones Industrial Average decreased by 89% and it was back on the previous stage in 1954. The countries that were most affected by the depression were the United States and Germany: more than ten thousand banks in the USA have gone bankrupt. The government decided to intervene in the market activity candidly only in 1932, leading to a positive result. The acceleration of civic arrears and investments was invaded by incessant speculative bubbles, which resulted in developing a more practical stock economy of Great Britain. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Technological Progress, Globalization, Feminism Roots Essay Historian work has been predominantly concerned with telling complete stories, such as the French Revolution, World War II, or the ancient Egyptian civilization. However, the work becomes more complicated when the time distance of the events and processes is shorter, and the stories are unfinished. Such historical processes as technological progress, globalization, feminism, or climate change, are still ongoing, and their outcome cannot be determined. As they are all ongoing, present-day issues make historians re-consider the past in a variety of ways, such as the way in which the ancestors lived or the struggles they endured to gain freedom. Therefore, it is essential to discuss the extent to which such events are rooted in the past as well as to which extent they illustrate something new. A prominent example is the development of global feminism, which challenged the deeply rooted principles of patriarchy that existed in society for centuries. During the nineteenth century, both the US and Western Europe saw a dramatic change in women’s attitudes toward their position in society. The event has deep origins in the more distant past because women were regularly oppressed, and their rights were disregarded. Dating back to Ancient Rome, women were banned from using expensive goods, showing their inferiority. However, while ancient and nineteenth-twentieth century women’s issues were resolved, feminism remains relevant today. For instance, questions remain as to whether all women share the same sentiments about feminism, what role does class play, how should sexual education be approached, or whether women of color got the representation needed. In this sense, feminism represents new developments in society, the impact of which has not been fully discovered. The issue of race in modern feminism is especially relevant in the current context in the light of the Black Lives Movement. Back in 1977, the Combahee River Collective released a statement discussing their struggles with racial, sexual, heterosexual, and class oppression due to the interlocking of the major oppression systems. In addition, the women of the Collective pointed out their solidarity with Black men in their struggle with racism in their own way. One of the critical sources of difficulty in the work of Black feminists is the need to address a broad range of oppressions, and there is no definite point in time when all of them will be covered. The inclusivity of social and political life has not been established yet, and the latest BLM protests show that there is still much to be done to ensure that the rights of both Black women and men are guaranteed, protected, and respected. In no way could modern feminism be considered ‘a thing of the past’ even though the women of today can serve on a jury, hold property, vote, open bank accounts, divorce their husbands, hold political positions, and much more. However, issues regarding reproductive rights, economic justice, such as the gender pay gap, racial fairness, violence against women, and LGBTQ+ rights, remain unaddressed. The latest ideas and principles put forth by the feminist movement signify the start of new changes and advancements, which proves the point made earlier. When considering feminism as a historical development, the reasons for its emergence date back to Ancient Rome, and the reasons for its existence today are still relevant and are likely to remain important in the future. Bibliography Strayer, Robert, and Eric Nelson. Ways of the World with Sources, Volume 2. New York, NY: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2018. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Influence of COVID-19 on the Modern Economy Essay The article exhaustively describes the impact that the pandemic is putting on the whole world now. It is stated that Covid-19 has almost halted economies, but due to some crucial efforts of governments, the absolute global financial catastrophe is averted. The piece of news collects the facts from markets worldwide and provides quite a coherent and consistent arguing regarding what the current situation may cause in the future. The news contains a number of notable facts and assumptions that might seem essential to be emphasized. First, the statement regarding the similarity of the economic situation by March 2020 to the crisis of 2008 is quite concerning. Tooze (2020) claims, “global financial markets came as close to a collapse as they have since September 2008.” The world is still on its way to overcoming the consequences of the crisis that took place in 2008, and the current dire conditions might severely affect the global economy to even a greater extent. The following highlight in the article is related to the role that credits play in the process of averting a full-scale meltdown. According to Tooze (2020), “The bits of the economy that do continue to function – the warehouses, the mobile phone providers and internet firms – all need credit.” In order to be able to get through the economic lockdown, plenty of families and companies are counting on a loan from states. However, it should be mentioned that these states are too in the necessity of credit because of reduced tax revenues. It is stated that the world is facing the most massive rise in deficits and governmental debts since World War 2 (Tooze 2020). At this point, the primary takeaway is that credits may be defined as an engine that drives the world economy. Nevertheless, when the optimistic promise of growth is missing, then, contracting credit occurs due to crumpling confidence. Such circumstances might destroy a lot of vital components of the international financial system. The noticeable assumption that is founded on the facts provided by the article refers to the phenomenon of globalization. It seems visible from the described situation – the actions that were taken by countries, as well as the current conditions, are quite intersected and interdepended. Tooze (2020) discusses the news around the oil market, projections for developed and developing countries, and the most critical decisions of officials – it might be supposed that one comes from the other. This is the main characteristic of globalization – global affairs and relations have a significant extent of density and depth, delegating plenty of authorities and capabilities to international organizations and institutions. Tooze (2020) emphasizes the fact that there is a high dependency on such establishments as Fed or International Monetary Fund, as well as on the European Central Bank. If such organizations do not take any substantial actions regarding the help to countries with non-advanced economies, the global financial system will be halted sooner or later. To conclude, the influence of Covid-19 is characterized by drastic results for the modern economy. The summarized article demonstrates quite a logical and reasonable train of thought with notable and convincing arguments. It was assumed that the most prominent takeaways might be the similarity of the contemporary conditions to the crisis of 2008, as well as that credits are the main tool to prevent an unrecoverable downfall. Furthermore, it was presumed that the article contains evidence that the modern economy is subject to the irreversible effects of globalization. References Tooze, Adam. 2020. “ The Crisis has Brought the Economy to a Near Halt, and Left Millions of People out of Work. But Thanks to Intervention on an Unprecedented Scale, a Full-Scale Meltdown has been Averted – for Now. ” Guardian, 2020. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Marketing Role in Business Strategies Research Paper According to my own understanding, marketing can be described a series of activities aimed at accomplishing the objectives of an organization by simply anticipating what products and services are needed by customers and determining the strategies of communication, sales and ultimate development of the business. Through marketing, business companies and organizations get to create and develop loyal relationships as well as value for their respective customers. According to the American association of marketing, marketing is referred to as a process that involves an organizational function of creating and delivering goods and services to customers with appropriate communication and value (Kotler & Keller, 2009). The association further states, that marketing is emphasized for the purpose of creating healthy relationships between business organizations and their customers for the benefit of all the stakeholders and the organizations themselves (Armstrong & Kotler, 2009). According to the chartered marketing institute, marketing is described as a process of management aimed at identification, anticipation and satisfaction of the needs and requirements of various customers in a profitable manner (Kerin et al., 2009). The institute further elaborates that the process of marketing seeks to increase the returns to all the share holders of business organizations through creation of a competitive advantage and strengthening the relationships with valued customers in a business environment. According to the above definitions, marketing contributes to the promotion of the awareness of products to the public and the target market. One of the primary goals of marketing is to get the products recognized in the market and this helps to increase the sales volume and revenue earned by business organizations. It is very hard for any dedicated business organization to think of letting the public or the customers find out about the products of the organization. For start-out business organizations, it is very important for their marketing departments to enhance the awareness of available products through advertisements and promotions. Although promotions and advertisement programs are costly to the organization, the major advantage is that the company information and the available products get disseminated to the public domain for buying purposes. For example, the Coca-Cola Company spends a lot of cash on advertising its products to the target market and this has enabled most of its brands to thrive worldwide (Kotler & Keller, 2009). Another major importance of marketing is that it helps to boost and increase the sales of the organization. The main reason why business organizations exist is to make profits through delivery of various types of goods and services to respective customers. In order to enhance profits and meet business targets, business organizations have to boost their volumes of sales through strategic plans and marketing practices. In any case, whatever is being provided by a business organization will only generate sales after the target customers learn about the products on sale through; promotions, newspapers ads, online ads and other forms of marketing. The interest of the public to buy a certain product or service will only increase after they have heard of the product several times on television, radio advertisements or from any other lines of marketing. For example, when some of the products from McDonald Company started recording low sales volume in 2006, the management decided to direct most of the funds to advertisement and promotion of the brands and this led to ultimate improvement of the brand’s performance in the market in terms of sales (Armstrong & Kotler, 2009). Marketing also helps to build and enhance the reputation of the company or the business organization. In business, reputation is one of the major qualities required by an organization to win the trust and loyalty of customers. It is very easy for a company with good reputation to reach a wide market scope and win many customers as compared to a similar company with a bad reputation. For instance, a business organization that engages in promotional and sponsorship activities such as sports, community development and other charity related events not only gains by marketing their products but also benefits a lot by gaining public confidence, trust and appreciation that contributes to the ultimate development of a good reputation. For example, Barclays bank is well known worldwide for its initiative to sponsor and support English premier league. This initiative has really boosted the reputation of the bank in terms of international recognition and customer loyalty. Very many people who like watching English premier league are as well interested in getting associated with the bank because they are well informed about the services being offered by the bank (Kerin et al., 2009). In conclusion, marketing is a very essential tool when it comes to business strategies that contribute to the ultimate success of a business organization. Marketing essentially helps in educating the public on the latest brands in markets and helps in boosting the sales as well as the profits of business organizations through development of company reputation. However, marketers need to be creative and strategic in their marketing activities in order to promote their products using acceptable tactics that are in line with marketing ethics. Although it is fundamental for any business organization to carry out marketing, there is need for implementation of proper marketing strategies and approaches to avoid loss of funds and time wastage (Kotler & Keller, 2009). References Armstrong, G., & Kotler, P. (2009). Marketing: An Introduction (9th ed.) New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Kerin, R., et al. (2009). Marketing (9th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Kotler, P., & Keller, L. (2009). Marketing Management (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Challenges of Lean Implementation Essay Table of Contents 1. The Beer Game 2. Lean Application at Proven Special Electric Motor 3. The Right Mix 4. References The Beer Game Starting the game as a Retailer, I have to manage the balance between the satisfaction of the consumer demand and tailoring the supply delivery. The problem that I face on this position is linked to obtaining the necessary amount of the products. Therefore, when the customers’ demand increases, the shop has enough items to sell. At the same time, sending the cars for the supply that is not demanded requires additional costs, which are difficult to eliminate. The primary challenge of a Distributer is the inventory, which might be a cost inefficient practice. The unexpected inventory of hundred cases of beer, continued for several weeks, adds 586 dollars of the cost burden. The effective organization of distribution demonstrates the elimination of waste, notably, the unnecessary or long-lasting inventory. The main goal of a Wholesaler is the securing of sufficient amount of beer and minimizing costs associated with the excessive orders and transportation. When demand is high, the request for beer increases respectfully. However, a lack of proper planning leads to the waste of time because of waiting for the fulfillment of the request. Perceived as the easiest position to play because the other players depend on me, a Manufacturer appears to be a significant challenge. The high level of reliance on the other players on the manufacturer requires the well-organized and planned process of production and coordination with the rest of the players. However, my attempt can barely be described as successful, and the game allows considering the whole process from various perspective. The lean approach implementation, regarding the elimination of the waste, operation optimization, and quality improvement, can help to reduce the costs. Lean Application at Proven Special Electric Motor Carrier and Kallish’s effort of lean implementation at Proven Special Electrical Motor (PSEM) manufacturing process was not going to be successful; although they understood complexities and breaches of the production processes at the Olomouc plant and PSEM, they underestimated the human resource factor. Probably, the plan, developed by them, was effective considering the reduction of inventory costs and the boost of productivity. The unwillingness of PSEM’s employees to implement the lean methods reduced the chance for the successful lean application and optimization of PSEM’s functioning (Colliner & Kadish, 2009). Carrier and Kallish analyzed the operation performances of the other manufacturing processes at the plant. The assessment, which contributed to the plan development considers such aspects of PSEM processes as transportation, inventory, motion, waiting, and rework (Colliner & Kadish, 2009, p. 6). They also recommended the consolidation of the workstations, which is linked to assembly process. Since the operators’ attachment to the familiar way of work had not been change, the result of Carrier and Kallish’s effort was inefficient. The Right Mix The company to which six common missteps of lean and six sigma is going to be applied is Vodafone, a multinational corporation, which operates in the telecommunications industry. Usually, the implementation of lean is associated with the manufacturing business. Vodafone, on the other hand, functions in the service sector and application of lean and six sigma can be a challenge but a rewardable one. The lineup of the common missteps of lean and six sigma for the telecom company can be as following: dismissing lean in the service sector; excessive number crunching; misjudging workload; lack of value stream management; lack of understanding that the waste is everywhere; and overcomplicating activities (Bhalla, 2009). This order has been chosen for several reasons. First of all, the telecom industry is a service sector with the primary focus on the customers. Therefore, dismissing lean in the sector is the initial blunder that the company may experience. Excessive number crunching is the second obstacle by importance. The data overloads the telecom sector. The collection and analysis of it, associated with six sigma, requires more time than the lean approach implies. Since lean is relying on predictable processes that can be organized into a smooth flow and the telecoms company works with the excessive amount of information, the workload is often misinterpreted. The engineers of the company who analyze the data are often overwhelmed by the additional tasks such as the processing of numerous e-mails. Lack of value stream management is an impediment of the corporations and Vodafone as well. The concept of quality among various departments within the firm differs, so the implementation of the seamless process among units is the significant challenge. However, the processes that are indicated as waste by the lean method is usually ascribed to the manufacturing industry, the service sector of telecom is also suffering from a lack of coordination and lean in such processes as inventory, waiting, and unimplemented creativity of employees. The evaluation of the breaches, associated with the application of lean, along with the six sigma approach, contributes to the gradual implementation of both methods. The appreciation of the operation excellence, quality improvement, and people development and ambition to optimize the data processing activities can propel the performance of the telecom company. References Bhalla, A., Jing, G. G., Denney, W., St John, C., Youngblood, L., Nuhfer, D., & Wilson, S. (2009). The Right Mix. Quality Progress , 32-37. Colliner, R., & Kadish, M. (2009). Czech Mate: Jake and Dan’s Marvelous Adventure . Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Darden School Foundation. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Uses of a Frequency Distribution in Clinical Data Case Study Introduction Substantial quantities of clinical data characterize the healthcare field. Therefore, frequency distributions emerge as a viable option for data in summarizing data, as it is challenging to analyze them in raw forms. Uses of a Frequency Distribution A frequency distribution is used to describe two types of measures. These include the measures of variability and central tendency (Daniel & Cross, 2018). The frequency distribution is used in a variety of situations in the hospital setting. Inpatient Census Inpatient census is defined as the proportion of inpatients present in the hospital at a given time (Daniel & Cross, 2018). Most hospitals conduct an official count of patients at midnight since the census varies during the day as admissions and discharges take place. This count is known as the Daily Inpatient Census. The Daily Inpatient Census comprises any patient admitted and discharged on the given day. Figure 1. Turnover of patients on 2nd May. Length of Stay Length of stay (LOS) is usually computed after a patient is discharged. It is described as the number of days from the day of admission to the day of discharge (Daniel & Cross, 2018). However, the day of discharge is excluded. Total LOS is obtained by summing up the LOS of all patients discharged or who died over a given duration. Figure 2. The total length of stay. Safety-Related Measures The use of frequency distribution allows for the evaluation of safety-related measures such as risk stratification and subgroup analysis (Daniel & Cross, 2018). For instance, risk stratification constitutes classifying the population at risk based on a common variable, for example, wound class. Figure 3. Different wound classes in the hospital. Normal, Positive, and Negative Skews A normal skew is a phenomenon where a frequency distribution idealizes a normal “bell” curve. On the other hand, a positive skew occurs when the frequency distribution stretches out to the right. Lastly, a negative skew when the frequency distribution stretches out to the left. Relationship Between Skewness and Standard Error The ratio of the standard error to skewness is used as a test of normality. The normality can be disregarded when the ratio is either less than -2 or greater than +2 (IBM, 2019). For instance, an extremely negative value suggests a long left tail, while a large positive value for skewness suggests vice versa. References 1. Daniel, W. & Cross, L. (2018). Biostatistics: A foundation for analysis in health sciences . New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. 2. IBM . (2019). Display statistics . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Shapiro Cardiovascular Health Care Organization Research Paper Introduction In the provision of healthcare services, an organization should be keen on presenting mechanisms that will provide the best of services that can be relied on by its clients. Shapiro Cardiovascular is a major organization in the United States that has been top in the provision of expert surgery to several clients. Taking the situation of Shapiro Cardiovascular Organization, several considerations are necessary towards the realization of their goals (Drucker & Ferdinand, 1999). Below are some of the elements that are ideal in the realization of goals and objectives for the organization. Mission Statement The organization is aimed at providing the best medical and healthcare services to all clients. It also has the responsibility of offering reliable surgical solutions to all that are in need. This kind of mission will enhance the realization of goals towards the provision of the best health care solutions to various individuals who need the services from the organization. Standards and Scope The scope is towards better service delivery and surgical solutions; the organization assumes several standards and a scope that has to be followed accordingly. The first standard is to have expert heart operation and surgical procedures. Nurses and management staff have been provided with the high operational standards that they are obliged to maintain. Everything in the organization has to be done with the highest degree of integrity towards the delivery of the best services to the clients and customers (Cooper & Campbell, 2009). Government Regulations and Accreditation Organization’s Influence Being one of the major providers of surgical solutions in the country, the organization has maintained its reputation and has been receiving clients from not only the country but also from other different parts of the world. However, some of the health regulations put up by the government and accreditation have been necessary for this operation. The government requires that the organization offers expert surgical quality services that address the needs of particular patients (Houdmont & Leka, 2010). It is only when such requirements have been met that the organization can be accredited towards the provision of such services of health in the country. Government regulations have been important in ensuring the best health care service provider to the people. As well, there is a need to make sure that some Medicare and Medicare demands have been met by the organization before accreditation starts operating in the country. Findings of a Quality Director’s Functions From the interview done, several roles and challenges have been identified as key to such operations. Some of the roles and functions include organizational functionality and leadership. This has to be done in the best way possible to increase the realization of goals in the organization (Houdmont & Leka, 2010). Leadership is another important role that comes with management portfolio towards the realization of organizational healthcare goals. However, some challenges faced by the director in the organization include increased patients and human resource issues. Financial and decisions issues have also been a major challenge in the organization. Performance Awareness and Improvement Process Through leading and mentoring, performance awareness has been injected into all working employees and other stakeholders in making sure that the performance has been on top. This has been addressed through decisions and leading procedures on all the stakeholders (Madura, 2008). For improvement’s sake, there has been the need to have appropriate decisions and organizational change which promote service delivery in the organization. Measurement Process Towards a measurement of success, clients act as a benchmark depending on their comments and services offered to them. In such a case, there has been the need of ensuring that all operations have been done in the best way possible and hence leading to effective service delivery (Mattsson, 2005). Framework and Communication of Results A managerial approach has been adopted at Shapiro, appropriate decisions are implemented which favor operations in the organization. Results and performance of the company are usually communicated through portfolios and meetings (Bennet & Wirth, 2009). These meetings act as avenues for decision-making and ensure that there has been an improvement in service delivery. References Bennet, A. & Wirth, C. (2009). Fundamentals of Finance: financial institutions and markets. New York: New Press. Cooper, C. & Campbell, Q. (2009). International handbook of work and health psychology. Chicago: Chicago University Press. Drucker, P. & Ferdinand, D. (1999). Management Tasks, responsibilities, practices. New York: Oxford University Press. Houdmont, J. & Leka, S. (2010). Occupational Health. New York: Oxford University Press. Madura, J. (2008). International Financial Management. New York: Longman. Mattsson, L. (2005). Environmental Economics. Wellington: Oxford University Press. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Environmental hygiene 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Hygiene is something which man should give importance to. It is an aspect of one’s life which reflects one’s personality. It is through hygiene that a man acquires his cleanliness and safety from threats that pose potential harm to him. More than that, through hygiene, man can socialize with others without proper hygiene, interacting with others is a very intricate and annoying task. There are different aspects of hygiene and two of the most common are personal and environmental hygiene. In talking about personal hygiene, Filipinos are known to be good at it. There had been comparisons and studies which compared Filipino hygiene and the practice of other cultures. Filipinos ranked first in the latest Google-Trends wherein the different hygiene terms were mentioned, and following the Philippines are the countries India and the USA (Google Trends, 2007). Also, compared with other nations, the everyday hygiene that Filipinos practice is one of our edges compared to other nationalities. In fact, in an article published, it was found out that “Filipinos are recognized for their exceptional hygiene and personal grooming […].” This was released by the TESDA as they disclosed the feedback of passengers regarding Filipino seamen and seafarers from other countries (Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2007). This aspect of Filipinos indeed is an edge since many employers external to the country prefer Filipino workers because of their presentable grooming and exceptional priority regarding everyday hygiene. Perhaps, this is one aspect that contributed to the title of the Philippines as the “Manning capital of the World.” Environmental hygiene Though Filipinos excel in this certain type of hygiene, a very concerning fact comes when we talk of environmental hygiene. Filipinos greatly fail on this side because of the unhealthy practices they exhibit like passing out urine in the streets (especially for the males), the throwing of garbage everywhere, spitting on the streets, and other sorts of unhygienic practices. Because of this, being personally hygienic would still be overcome. The worse thing, in this case, is that when these Filipinos migrate or work in other countries which are very strict in their environmental sanitation, they successfully conform to the rules. For example, a person who is fond of spitting in the streets of the Philippines finds it hard and controls himself to do so when in Singapore. This fact is very saddening since it shows that although Filipinos can control themselves into doing such things, they do not try to because of the lax rules that are being implemented if there are. Perhaps this is one weakness of the Filipinos against Americans since in America; people practice sanitation and environmental friendliness. This is one reason why it is hard for the Filipinos to be assimilated into mainstream American culture because the attitudes of Filipinos when it comes to environmental hygiene show off though they try to conceal it. Also, although Filipinos try to conform to the rules in America, for example, assimilating is rather an intricate task since discrimination is still a large and would never cease to exist. The image that Americans see of themselves as the superior race is a big barrier. Likewise, the image of Filipinos as an inferior race also serves as a barrier. Another is that Filipinos have no strong voice in a place strange to them. Because of this, they won’t be able to express their concerns and problems since they are strangers struggling for their lives in a place where they deem before as a place for extravagance. The never-ending xenophobic attitude which some Americans show to immigrants and non-natives is also another threat that inhibits the immigrants to get along with the mainstream culture of America. The blame that these “immigrants crowd up the city, consume government welfare and corrupt the society with uncivilized and foreign practices (Johnson, n. d.)” turns the supposedly amicable relationship into a hostile one. Conclusion With these facts shown, it would be ideal to initiate a scientific inquiry on why Filipinos act in a behaved manner (in terms of environmental hygiene) in other countries and do otherwise on their native land. Another is that why these Filipinos prioritize everyday hygiene among other things, despite their problems in other aspects of their lives. References Blogspot.com. (2007). Filipinos lead the world in personal hygiene. Web. Google.com. (2007). Google-Trends On-line. Web. Johnson, Diarra. (n.d.). Coming to America: The Opportunities and barriers of Assimilation. 2007. Web. Ortiz, Margaux. (2007). Filipino seamen smell better than others—TESDA. The Philippine Daily Inquirer Online. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Predictive Analytics in Digital Marketing Coursework Predictive Marketing Predictive marketing is valuable to integrated digital marketing since it supports the utilization of data analytics to monitor consumer behaviors and emerging trends. The collected information guides the best actions and strategies that can yield desirable results. Using such a model, businesses engage in targeting to identify certain segments, groups, and regions to inform them about the intended products or services. Using the power of analytics, marketers can monitor or predict the lifetime customer value (LCV) to understand the potential benefits of a long-term relationship with a specific buyer. These examples are advantageous because they reduce wastage of marketing resources due to the accuracy involved. Firms and businesses can also guess future developments or consumer behaviors. Additionally, the entire process is founded on mathematical and marketing principles, thereby increasing chances of having a profitable integrated digital marketing. Implementation As a marketer, I would implement predictive marketing in my company by identifying the best tools to pursue the agenda. I will begin by collecting adequate data from the selected targets or customers in order to understand their behaviors and future expectations. I can engage in continuous discussions with stakeholders to assign numerous values to the anticipated changes and developments. I will combine this information with the monitored behaviors, purchasing patterns, and overall trends in the wider sector to make accurate data analytics and predictions. I will collaborate with the marketing and planning department to understand how different customers have pursued their personal goals within the past decade. I will go further to monitor their future objectives and use analytical tools to meet their demands. These attributes will result in a superior marketing model that can eventually make my organization more successful and profitable. Causal Inference Digital marketing interventions have the potential to encourage more customers to identify and start buying certain services or products. The concept of causal inference is critical in this field since it makes it possible for the marketer to make valid conclusions regarding the causal connection between an introduced effect and the conditions in which such as occurrence will be recorded. The person involved will pursue the tool or model to monitor the response of the executed effect variable at a time when there is a change in the cause. This approach is essential because it guides marketers and organizations to draw a wide range of insights or conclusions about the causal connection attributed to the effect and the occurrence conditions. The professional will consider various actions and their effect sizes for successful sales model. Individuals can, therefore, consider the most appropriate marketing mix strategy that is capable of maximizing sales and profits. From this description, it is evident that causation differs significantly from correlation. The latter examines how two variables or effects determine or predict the anticipated results or information. On the other hand, causation is noticeable when a researcher has identified the presence of a correlation. This term would mean that a specific approach, initiative, or even action has triggered another action, outcome, or event. In the field of marketing, such a strategy is founded on the cause and effect framework. Actors in this area need to be aware of the terms ad understand how they can apply the concepts within the field of digital marketing to transform their practices and eventually meet the changing demands of the targeted customers. The ultimate aim should be for the leaders to record increased sales or profits. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Obesity and Fast Food Exploratory Essay What is so intriguing about fast food? Studies show that American men and women have realized significant gains in body weight over the years. In fact, a larger proportion of the gains in the body mass arise from the escalating promotional activities carried out by the fast-food producing companies such as McDonalds. In addition, the companies enjoy massive sales volume of processed and packed food. In this regard, many people continue to consume such foods thereby experiencing significant weight gains. Based on these factors, several food advocates in the American markets such as Hamburger Chef Jamie Oliver have continuously toiled to make the general society aware of the processes that are utilized by different industries to process fast foods. Further, the activist exposes the dangerous effects that are attributed to the increased consumption of such foods. Jamie Oliver, through documentaries, television shows as well as interviews has made major strides in explaining to the public the processes that the McDonalds Company’s products undergo before they are sold for consumption (Oliver, 2013). Jamie’s exposure on the processes used by McDonalds in the manufacture of hamburger has compelled the company to change its production procedures (Peters, 2013). Further, companies such as Burger King and Taco Bell have ditched the utilization of ammonium hydroxide components in their procedures. Due to the changes in the manufacturing processes by the companies, cases of obesity have been on the decrease across several states in the US (Peters, 2013). Most importantly, the fast food companies have flooded larger proportions of the American states. As such, the firms are taking advantage of the less cautious territories overseas. For instance, McDonalds Company operates in the UK as well as Ireland where the firm utilizes the meat from the local suppliers at lower price rates. In order to realize declining levels of overweight, individuals should circumvent the sustenance of companies that exploit populace for profit at the expense of individuals’ health implications. In addition, the families should also divert their eating habits to plant-based edibles. As such, the populace will be reducing the greenhouse gas discharges emanating from the livestock units. References Oliver, J 2013, Unfit for human consumption. Web. Peters, S 2013, Chef Jamie Oliver Proves McDonald’s Burgers “Unfit for human consumption” . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Amazon.com Inc.’s Performance Analysis via Charts Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Discussion 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction The future of the retail market lies in online stores. Amazon has been one of the most successful players in this field in the United States. However, this takeover has been reported to have an adverse impact on the company’s profitability (Evans, 2020). Discussion Figure 1. Amazon Revenue & Income, bn. This graph can be interpreted as a lack of growth, however, it is vital to take a closer look at the situation. Evans (2020) states that “the sales keep going up, and it takes a larger and larger share of US retail every year (7-8% in 2019), but it never seems to make any money.” Kim and Su (2019) state that “Amazon was known for running laser-thin margins because it reinvests most of its money back into the company’s growth.” In 2018-19, Amazon reported a net income of $22 billion, with only a slight decrease in reinvestments (Evans, 2020). Therefore, the perceived lack of profitability is related to the figure itself and not the company’s situation. Figure 2. Amazon Revenue by Division, bn. The second chart puts the shares of each division for comparison. This business goes far beyond retail stores, as many other projects of Amazon, such as AWS, are highly successful on the market (Evans, 2020). The share of online sales has been growing extremely fast in the past few months due to coronavirus lockdown (Davis, 2020). According to Davis (2020), “online grocery sales that tripled year over year powered Amazon.com Inc. to a 43.4% increase in second quarter sales in North America and 33.5% growth worldwide.” Seeing that a high percentage of all revenue comes from e-commerce, it is safe to describe Amazon’s current strategy as highly successful due to the flexibility and accessibility of its products. Conclusion Amazon, Inc., reported increased revenue in the second quarter, from $81.56 billion expected to $88.91 billion (Palmer, 2020). The online retail store continues to grow even during the current decline in businesses’ revenues across the globe. The massive scale of its divisions requires a thorough examination for a proper resource allocation. In conclusion, online retail stores are nearly impervious to the effects of pandemics and other events with an adverse impact on sales. The measures that were taken by the company allowed it to respond to the situation, react to the sudden spike in demand, and increase the volume of sales (Palmer, 2020). It is vital to continue this trend and keep a closer look at the profitability of services in relation to their size. This analysis allows the company to decide on the most vulnerable and essential sources of income. References Evans, B. (2020). Amazon’s profits, AWS and advertising . Web. Kim, E., & Su, R. (2019). 25 charts that show Amazon’s explosive growth over the past decade . Business Insider. Web. Palmer, A. (2020). Amazon sales soar as pandemic fuels online shopping . CNBC. Web. Pei, A. (2019). Amazon charts show one crucial technical indicator to watch for the stock, says strategist . CNBC. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“In Hot Pursuit” by Charles Schreyvogel Essay Table of Contents 1. Content 2. Context 3. Author’s Bio 4. Picture of the Piece 5. Bibliography 6. Footnotes Charles Schreyvogel created the painting “In Hot Pursuit” after 1900, the exact date is unknown, and the medium is oil and canvas. In it, a man on a horse is depicted when he is riding through the mountains. The main character and the focal point of this painting appear to be a Native American. He carries a gun and looks behind him, which is why the mood of the work is dark and disturbing. This painting is representational art because the Indian in the picture, the horse, and the mountains are recognizable. The lines are clean and thin, and the author uses muted colors, mainly brown, yellow, and white, to represent the nature and the clothes of the Indian. Here, the color is more important than the texture, since the color helps accurately depict the events, while the texture is smooth, and the shapes are organic. Content The painting depicts an Indian being chased down the mountain by the riders in the distance. [1] It is unclear why the man is being chased by two other individuals, but it is evident that the matter is serious because he holds a gun. Schreyvogel aimed to depict life in the West and the life of the Native American population, which is the theme of work. From the painting, it is unclear why the man is being chased. Instead, the focus is on the escaping man. Context The history of the Indians has affected this artwork. When this picture was painted, the Western frontier began to change. However, the previous years were filled with military action against the Indians, which is what affected the painter. Author’s Bio Charles Schreyvogel was born in 1861 in New York. His interests were the “Old West subject matter during the days of the disappearing frontier.” 1 Due to the fact that he came from a poor family, he could not afford an education. Hence, he was learning how to draw by himself. One of his paintings was recognized with the Thomas Clarke Prize in 1901, which is when he became recognized as a painter. Picture of the Piece Bibliography “5 Prominent Works Of Old West Artist Charles Schreyvogel.” Sarasota Antique Buyers. “ In Hot Pursuit .” MET. Web . Footnotes 1. “5 Prominent Works Of Old West Artist Charles Schreyvogel,” Sarasota Antique Buyers. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
US and International Business Law Analysis Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. US Trade and Tariff Laws Implications on importing raw materials 3. Factors for Assembling of the Bicycle 4. US foreign trade zone 5. Applicability of U.S making and labelling requirements 6. References Introduction As per the given case, Bicycles are to be manufactured in US ans to be sold at rates of $100 per bicycle. There is an option to outsource the material from other countries as well as assembling the machines on other countries. This paper provides an analysis of the legal and tariff issues involved. The paper does not attempt to undertake actual detailed costing, process and quality requirements analysis. US Trade and Tariff Laws Implications on importing raw materials USITC. (July 2006) has placed strict restriction with regards to import of circular metal and carbon tubes with less than 4 millimetre wall thickness. The US has a strong policy for anti dumping with reference to countries such as India, China, Korea, Mexico, Taiwan and other countries. Dumping is the defined as the process of importing goods without showing the means for use in manufacturing. The US government though it has conferred the Most Favoured Nation to all countries except Cuba, it has taken a unilateral decision on the import of metal tubes of types such as welded, Spun and extruded. Organizations need to show documents such as bill of lading and show proof that the items would be manufactured and sold. If this is not observed, a tariff of 25 % would be levied on the FOB value of the consignment. In addition, any business that undertakes such import activities would be liable for a tax of 35 percent. Concessions may be shown for minority, Veteran owned businesses.This observation makes importing of tubes not feasible in US to achieve a bicycle of less than $100. Factors for Assembling of the Bicycle Berry (1999) has examined the main incentives that should be considered for assembly operations in other countries. According to the author, the following points should be noted. * Subsidies – These are rebates and cuts provided by foreign governments to safeguard their existing businesses from risk such as competition, labour costs, materials, etc. * Protective Tariffs – These are imposed to raise the price of a foreign competitor’s goods. Factors such as restrictive quotas, anti-dumping measures and these are on par or higher than domestic prices. * Quotas – These are enforced by the government to stop dumping of cheaper foreign goods made at cheaper prices and which would overpower the local market. * Tax cuts – Rebates in taxation that government may provide to alleviate the burdens of social and business costs. * Intervention – Some countries intervene and artificially either depress the price or increase it to protect local interests. * Trade restriction – These are restrictions on the number of units that can be manufactured or sold by a foreign manufacturer. * Exchange Rate: The exchange rate is a strong factor in determining the location for the manufacturer. A strong local currency means less earnings in dollars while a weak currency means a greater earning for the dollar. * Labour Laws – Determine how easy it is to fire a worker or hire them on contract basis. US foreign trade zone FTZ (2007) are designated areas near ports where goods can be imported, stocked, assembled and manufactured without having to bear additional taxes. While in the zone, merchandise is not subject to U.S. duty or excise tax. Goods may be exported from the zone free of duty and excise tax. Merchandise imported under bond may be admitted to a FTZ for the purpose of satisfying a legal requirement of exporting the merchandise. The disadvantages are that the labour would still be from US segments and the labour charges are high. If the goods are to be sold in the local markets, then all the tariffs, taxes and others would be imposed on the product and the tax advantage would be lost. Applicability of U.S making and labelling requirements The product is deemed as an engineering product and hence there are no mandatory regulations of US Drugs and Federal Organizations requirements on labelling to be met However under Section 21 CFR 820.80(b), equipment labels, control labels, package labels, directions for use, maintenance manuals, etc. need to be provided along with country of origin (Labelling. 2002). References 1. Berry, S., Levinsohn. J. and Pakes, A. 1999. Voluntary Export Restraints on Automobiles: Evaluating a Trade Policy. American Economic Review 89(3): 400-30. In: Benjamin, D.K. (1999) Voluntary Export Restriction on Automobiles. Bozeman, Montana: PERC – Property and Environment Research Center 2. FTZ. 2007. About Foreign-Trade Zones. 3. Labeling. 2002. Labeling Requirements – Quality System Regulation. 4. USITC. July 2006. Investigation Nos. 01-TA-253. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Positive Reinforcement 2. Negative Reinforcement 3. Punishment 4. Extinction 5. Conclusion 6. Works Cited The development of any organization largely depends on the employees’ behavior. Managers have to shape employees’ behavior trying to make them behave in a desirable way and stop undesirable behaviors. Managers often use four strategies of reinforcement that include positive and negative reinforcement, punishment and extinction. Positive Reinforcement It is necessary to note that positive reinforcement is often regarded as the most effective and the most desirable. Managers are encouraged to use this kind of reinforcement as it improves employees’ motivation (Martin and Pear 33). Some strategies associated with this kind of reinforcement include recognition and approval, praise and encouragement, bonuses and rewards, promotion and benefits, and so on (DuBrin 59). However, to make these methods effective, it is important to provide the positive reinforcement with the appropriate frequency (Gomez-Mejia et al. 44). If the manager praises the employee too often, this individual may stop appreciating this and stop behaving in a desirable way. Nevertheless, if the manager uses the positive reinforcement only occasionally, employees may feel unmotivated, and the turnover can be high (Gomez-Mejia et al. 44). Negative Reinforcement This form of reinforcement is often used to change the undesirable behavior. It is necessary to remember that it is not punishment, but it is possible to see it as a certain kind of punishment withholding (DuBrin 59). For example, if the manager notices some undesirable behavior, he/she can discuss it with the employee and warn him/her about possible demotion or even discharge. If the behavior changes, the employee will not be punished, but if the employee behaves in the same way, it is possible to choose some type of punishment. Punishment Punishment is often regarded as an undesirable reinforcement strategy as it may have a negative effect on employees’ motivation. Managers can use many types of punishment. For example, some types of punishment are severe criticism, suspension, probation, fines, demotion, withdrawal of benefits, undesirable tasks, and so on (DuBrin 59). The type of punishment depends on the employee and the behavior to be changed. Some mild misbehavior does not need severe punishment as it can have an opposite effect, and the undesirable behavior will not disappear but will intensify. If the punishment imposed is not successful and the undesirable behavior is still present, the manager can use the fourth type of reinforcement. Extinction The final type of reinforcement is extinction (Martin and Pear 33). This is the most unpopular type as it is often associated with negative emotions and unhealthy environment in the organization. Extinction is often associated with discharge, and it is mainly used with the most negative and undesirable behaviors. For example, if the manager wants to make the undesirable behavior disappear, it is possible to fire the employee. Clearly, it is mainly used if the negative reinforcement and punishment have not been effective. Conclusion In conclusion, it is possible to state that there are four strategies of reinforcement that include negative and positive reinforcement, punishment and extinction. The most effective strategy is the positive reinforcement while extinction is the most undesirable strategy to use. However, it is also clear that the type of reinforcement to choose depends on a particular situation, behavior or employee. The effective manager can choose the most appropriate strategy and change employees’ behavior. Clearly, this ability is beneficial for the working atmosphere, performance of employees, and the development of the organization. Works Cited DuBrin, Andrew J. Fundamentals of Organizational Behavior: An Applied Perspective . Elsevier, 2013. Gomez-Mejia, Luis R., et al. Compensation and Organizational Performance: Theory, research, and Practice . Routledge, 2014. Martin, Garry, and Joseph J. Pear. Behavior Modification: What It Is and How to Do It . Psychology Press, 2015. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Personal Identity and Teletransportation Essay The possibility of teletransporation is a topic that concerns not only science fiction but also raises important philosophical issues of personal identity. Supposing teletransport becomes possible, it is not clear enough whether a person who disappeared in one place and appeared in another will be the same. Thus, it should be determined what factors influence the fact that a person is still self during some time. Philosophers at different times raised questions about the relationship between soul, body, and identity. According to the Body Theory (brute-physical view), personality is determined by a bodily criterion, and people are their bodies, which define identity. In turn, Descartes believed in the existence of an immaterial soul or mind, which causally interacts with a material body (“Personal Identity,” 2019). With this, for personal identity, nothing is needed except the personality itself. Locke also considered the question of souls that could live in a human body. Moreover, according to his views, one soul can live in several bodies in different lives, which resembles the concept of reincarnation, but at the same time, a person is not the same. Identity, in this case, depends on the consciousness’ continuity, and, for example, people who have lost their memory lose their personality. Parfit, who raised the teletrasportation paradox issue, believed that any factors for determining identity are not enough, and character features and memory come to the fore. Thus, even though I find Locke’s opinion to be the most convincing, each of these views may speak in favor of using a teletransporter. However, with the brute-physical view, it depends on whether human cells are transferred or duplicates created. In the second case, following this approach’s views is likely to be not the same person. However, following Descartes, if transported people define their identity in the same way, they will remain the same. Following Locke and Parfit, the identical character qualities and memory will also testify to the same identity. I believe that experience and attitude to it determines personal identity and I would advocate the use of a transporter. Reference Personal identity . (2019). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Challenges of the Grant Administration Research Paper During this period of grant administration, several challenges were encountered. For instance, Oakes Ames and Massachusetts who were known to be the representatives and top most stockholders in the union had an idea of forming a credit mobilier. This was a company which was initiated with main aims of completing the 600 miles of railway which was remaining. During the process of conducting the work which was planned, both the stockholders and the national government were taken advantage of millions of dollars. Some plans of carrying out the investigations were initiated but Ames bribed the most influential people in the plan. Later in the year 1872, the deception action was exposed that Colfax who was the vice chairperson was the one who received some form of bribe. During the elections of 1868, Grant had a major challenge of lacking strong political assurance and people considered him as a person who loved money and luxury. Grant faced a great challenge from people as they regarded him as a drunkard and Negro-lover. During Grant administration, United States had a public debt. This debt was incurred as a result of pension payment and in the process of insurrection. Another major scandal was the black Friday. During the year 1869, some two opportunists Jim Fisk and Jay Gould tried to embezzle the trading place of gold which was used. These two opportunists enrolled the assistance of Grants brother in law, who was volunteering to put all the needed effort from preventing the chairperson in ruining the plan. These schemers went to an extent of developing their plans by buying massive amounts of gold which resulted tom the price of the commodity hiking. Their main aim was discovered that it was to enjoy huge amount of profits. It was later noted that Grant relative was contributing much in causing harm to the nation. As a result, Grant commanded for an urgent sale of the government gold of about $4.5 million. This was very positive as it resulted to prices going down. On the other hand, a large number of people started suffering from great financial losses. Fisk and Gould avoided these losses by declining to reimburse their commitment. The whiskey ring was another challenge which was experienced during the grant administration. During the civil war, a lot of expenses were incurred which left the cost of fighting being very high. For the government to compensate the incurred loss it decided to increase liquor taxes. These taxes were made extremely high which many distillers could not afford to cater for. This led to many distillers conceiving an idea of bribing the top personnel in the treasury sector. During the Grant administration, was a secret organization known as ku klux klan, which began as a social organization but later turned to fight against the reconstruction and also against the government leaders. This secretive organization operated between 1867 and 1871. During the time of Grant administration, the government had a great challenge of debts. Some of the debts were genuine while others were as a result of illegal activities like bribery which was practiced by officials in the treasury sector. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
It is a calling that goes beyond the salary that one is paid. Sometimes, a coach needs to sacrifice time, money and other resources to ensure that the team achieves the required outcome. Leaders are expected to be hardworking and selfless to ensure that their organizations succeed. One of the most famous concept or principle that coaches observe is presence. Every team during competitions looks up to their coach for support and encouragement. Leaders need to be available to respond to the grievances of the people they represent. Another important concept is the caring nature in that most coaches always care about the welfare of the players. If one of the players for instance is unwell, the coach is the first person to note. Caring leaders always ensure that there are few suicidal cases and fewer conflicts because they identify a problem at its early stage and solve it before it becomes a major problem (Goldsmith, 2006). Coaches always expect the best from their teams. Every coach wishes his team to appear as the best in any competition. Positive expectation helps in boosting the morale of the players. Leaders need to think positive and expect positive results because in life, it is those people who dream big that achieve big things. Humility is another unique virtue that most coaches have. Coaches always believe that they are the servants of their teams. Leaders must embrace servant leadership and understand that they are the servants of the people. Servant leaders are more compassionate, and they blend well with people of all classes (Jones, 2008). Adventure in executive leadership is key to success in any organization. Most organizations for instance organize staff trips whereby the organizational personnel can meet outside the usual working environment and discuss their issues openly. Leaders who have adopted such programs get the best from the labor force. Either adventure may be created from within or outside the organization, but the main objective is capacity building. Coaching relationship also plays an essential role in leadership. After the initial introduction and sharing of experiences, the coach begins to build a good rapport with the team. In successful organizations, a good relationship does exist between the executive personnel and the junior staff (Stober, 2006). Another important concept is pressure based on three aspects; competence, confidence, and credibility. When both elected and appointed leaders take office, there are certain expectations from them. If a leader is not under any pressure, the performance standard is likely to be minimal. Pressure ensures that a leader remains competent, credible, and confident in whatever they are doing. Finally, work is a journey of many miles. It is extremely rare to find someone working in one organization or one job group for his or her entire life. In most organizations, people work under contractual basis after which they can shift to another organization when the contract expires. Leaders must therefore understand how to manage the emerging trends because things have changed unlike in the past where managers only had to deal with issues of promotion and demotion. A leader must know that he or she is not in that position forever and move with speed to bring the required change and reforms in the organizations they have been mandated to lead. References Goldsmith, M., & Lyons, L. (2006). Coaching for leadership: The practice of leadership coaching from the world’s greatest coaches. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer. Jones, T. S., & Brinkert, R. (2008). Conflict coaching: Conflict management strategies and skills for the individual. Los Angeles: Sage Publications. Stober, D. R., & Grant, A. (2006). Evidence based coaching handbook: Putting best practices to work for your clients. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction In the recent past, America has had an alarming increase in overweight and obesity cases. Today, out of every three Americans, two are obese. With the current trends in the consumption of foods, statistics show that, by the year 2015, a third of America will be obese. While obesity issues continue to increase, minorities would be severely affected. As argued by Rushing (1), while Hispanics have a 25 percent prevalence, African Americans are 50 percent higher compared to whites. In the video, “Fault Lines: Fast food, Fat profits: Obesity in America”, Josh Rushing discovers the world characterized for cheap foods for minorities in America Rushing (1). He tries to discover opportunities through which people have to consume healthy foods as well as individuals responsible for the processed and desert foods within the American schools. Insights in the video are drawn from individuals who are constantly trying to address the current situation. In line with the various issues highlighted in the YouTube video, this paper will identify two frameworks through which the video filtered its materials. Secondly, utilizing radical doubts in rejecting messages communicated in the face of social reality. Main body “Frame Analysis” puts into focus the notion that people have no choice but to group their experience to grasp its importance and pass this information to others. In his article, Goffman (30) argues that defining social situations is built upon the primary frames of an individual’s understanding. Such frames give us the perdition to derive sense from events through the experiences brought forward in an easily understandable manner. Basing on the fact that transformation is not a one-way concept, retransformation is possible. Since framing is not a perfect process, there is also a possibility of a frame disputatiously. Therefore, incorrect framing can be cleared by presenting the correct views. In the video, Rushing (1) investigates the root course of obesity and related diseases. To prove his point, Goffman uses two frameworks in establishing the root course of Obesity. As established in the video, there are two forms of frameworks: social and natural frameworks. While the natural frameworks are undirected and physical, the social framework is characterized by not only aim and will but also controlling efforts. The social framework provides a way through which events are applied by giving them social meanings. Focusing on the social frameworks, poverty, and poor governance have been used to describe the challenge of obesity in America. Since poor people luck money to spend on healthy foods, they resort to fast foods which intern result in cases such as obesity. As he reviews the current statistics of Obesity in America, Rushing (1) projects, while all factors remain constant, beliefs that the number of obese cases among the minority communities will double by the year 2020. The other framework through which Rushing depends to analyze the current obesity situation is poor governance. In this documentary, it is confirmed through policymakers are at the helm of promoting the increased cases of obesity and related complications among minority communities. As they protect their interests, policymakers are reluctant to take part in initiatives that will promote healthy diets among the minority communities. In utilizing radical doubt, Rushing has not been able to effectively defend his position on the main courses of Obesity and related complications in the minority communities. Instead of addressing real issues that promote obesity in America, Rushing has provided vies that are contrary to the main course of the issues discussed. Foremost, Rushing utilizes poverty as a framework to support his position. Contrary to this view, the stigma of obesity is the main reason behind the increasing cases of obesity among minorities. To discuss the different features of self, Goffman (36) came up with a nuanced of stigma. Goffman (37) argued that stigma plays a very important role in social life. An argument brought forward with the importance of this assumption was that stigmatized traits make people appear unacceptable in other people’s eyes. Through his argument, three accounts in which individuals are classified as undesirable include the blemishes of individual character, the tribal stigmata, and the abomination of one’s body (Goffman, 41). In most cases, stigmatized individuals are looked down upon. Basing on the low perception of these individuals, stigmatized individuals absorb discomfort and move away from social interactions towards their own self-comfort. Conclusion Frameworks of poor governance and poverty can be further disputed. Goffman further notes that obesity is closely attributed to embarrassment. In his study, Goffman (38) established that physical blight and corpulence controls people to a greater extent. As a result, obese people are considered gluttonous. The explanation is used to demonstrate how people are treated. Despite this stereotypical notion, it is important to consider if people with obesity consider they have been mistreated. Biased attribute to discrimination is the main course of stigmatization among obese individuals. These reasons explain the reason why minorities are constantly increasing in weight. While policymakers have a greater responsibility of ensuring American citizens eat healthy foods, it is necessary to use stigma as the main course of obesity among the minorities. Although this video plays an important role in helping the public understand the effects of unhealthy foods, delivering the main course of obesity is important. Mitigating issues related to unhealthy feeding habits can only achieve by utilizing the appropriate framework in investigating the issue. Works Cited Goffman, Erving. Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience . Harvard University Press, 1974. Print. Rushing, Josh. Fault Lines: Fast food, Fat profits: Obesity in America . YouTube. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Classical Leadership Style and Aristotle’s Perspective Coursework Aristotle was one of the classical philosophers who discussed the issue of leadership in the city-state extensively. In his view, democracy was the worst system of governance because it gave the uneducated and the less fit an opportunity to rule. Therefore, democratic style of leadership was not the best because it went against the tenets of justice. In this case, the society had to give the best suited a chance to take over leadership positions based on an educational system. He supported the ideas of Plato that the philosopher king has to be given a chance to exercise power while the soldiers were to provide the much-needed support by ensuring the citizens followed the law (Vroom, & Sternberg, 2002). The citizens had a specific role of ensuring that taxes are paid in time to help the philosopher king to execute his major duties. Aristotle described the qualities of the good leader by looking at three major qualities, including the ethos, pathos, and logos. Ethos means the ethical character of an individual that gives him or her ability to convince others to adopt his or her opinion. The pathos entails the capability of an individual to change people’s feelings and move their emotions while the logos involves the capability to offer solid reasons before engaging in an action. Based on Aristotle’s classification of leadership styles, great individuals, such as Jesus Christ, Socrates, Winston Churchill, and Abraham Lincoln were the best leaders. In the current organizational behavior, great leaders are rare to find mainly because of dissociation of leadership from true authority meaning the aspect of truth no longer exists. The challenges that individuals face in the modern society force them to transform their character. It is underscored that change is omnipresent, but it has played a negative role of separating people from the stable enduring, something that has changed the bases of authority. Any form of leadership must be anchored in authority because it saves it from demagoguery and dictatorship. In many organizations, including the public agencies, leaders tend to force their followers to perform duties that are indifferent to their wishes (Spillane, & Richard, 2004). Authority plays a critical role in shaping leadership because it differentiates a real leader from a clairvoyant, a tyrant, and an expedient individual. According to Aristotle, an individual tends to be suspicious of any form of authority mainly because it is mistaken for the most feared thing. Others are always negative about leadership because it is something they envy, leading to confusion between authority and power. In this case, it is claimed that people’s freedom would be in jeopardy in case good leadership style is employed. In Aristotle’s view, democracy is the worst leadership style meaning people should learn to follow the law since it would provide the best style. Many people think authority is the same as authoritarianism, but it is never the case since authoritative leadership gives people their freedoms and liberties while at the same time controlling them to produce the best results in the organization. If the best individuals are allowed to offer their leadership skills, chances are high that other people would enjoy their freedoms uninterrupted. Based on this, authority is related to reality meaning it is the only trusted style. If, for instance, an individual is referred to as authority in academics, it means he or she understands everything in the area of specialization (Montana, & Bruce, 2008). Therefore, authority has to be embraced in case the best results are to be realized, irrespective of the size of the organization. Leadership vs. Management In the modern organizational culture, analysts rarely distinguish between leadership and management, but the reality is several differences exist. In fact, the two must be applied jointly in any organization in case the best results are to be realized. In other words, they are closely related and tend to complement each other meaning any attempt to separate them would generate several problems in the organization. The main role of any manager in any organization globally is to plan, organize, and coordinate (Van-Wormer, Besthorn, & Keefe, 2007). On the other hand, the role of any leader is to inspire or motivate his or her followers. Leaders are never good innovators when compared to leaders since they are simply charged with the role of implementing the already formulated policy. In other words, it could be concluded that a manager mainly undertakes what others formulated while leaders are original in anything they do. In terms of contributing to organizational development, the manager maintains the assets and capital while the leader is expected to develop a strategy that would expand the operations of an organization. Several managers are reluctant to generate their own structure preferring to use the existing systems while a leader is just focused on improving people’s productivity. For a manager, reliance on the systems of control and the policy of subordination is critical since they would ensure a clear structure is followed, but a leader’s view is different since he or she simply inspires the employees (Miner, 2005). This would mean managers design short-term objectives that fulfill the current aspirations while leaders engage in the formulation of long-term goals and objectives given the fact their main worry is sustainability of the business. References Miner, J. B. (2005). Organizational Behavior: Behavior 1: Essential Theories of Motivation and Leadership. Armonk: M. E. Sharpe. Montana, P.J., & Bruce, H. (2008) . Management. New York: Barron’s Educational Series. Spillane, J.P., & Richard, D.J. (2004). Towards a theory of leadership practice . Journal of Curriculum Studies, 36 (1), 3–34. Van-Wormer, K.S., Besthorn, F.H., & Keefe, T. (2007) . Human Behavior and the Social Environment: Macro Level: Groups, Communities, and Organizations. Oxford : Oxford University Press. Vroom, V., & Sternberg, R.J. (2002). Theoretical Letters: The person versus the situation in leadership . The Leadership Quarterly, 13 (3), 301–323. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Analysis of Articles Published by CNN and Fox News Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Facts 3. Language/Word Choice 4. Visuals 5. Influences on the Public 6. Conclusion 7. Works Cited Introduction The way of reporting and discussing major political events relates to sources’ political orientation. Comparing two articles discussing the first report of the Supreme Court Commission (SCC) that opposes court expansion initiatives allows exploring this phenomenon. This paper will comparatively analyze the articles published by CNN and Fox News in terms of facts, language, visuals, and social influence. Facts The sources differ in terms of fact selection and presentation. In her article from a liberal-leaning media platform, De Vogue uses facts that emphasize liberals’ fervent desire to initiate the reform and disagreement with the SCC’s preliminary decision. Lee’s article posted on a conservative-leaning website utilizes other facts, including quotes from the SCC’s report that demonstrate the expansion’s hypothetical disadvantages. Unlike De Vogue, Lee does not include Democrats’ negative reactions to the decision. These dissimilarities in how the authors pick facts might stem from two factors. Firstly, Lee’s work was published two days ago, whereas De Vogue’s article has been recently updated to reflect the facts regarding the SCC’s conclusion. Secondly, the platforms’ political orientation might have influenced the selection of facts, making De Vogue depict the SCC’s disagreement with Democrats’ proposal as something that disappoints both Democrats and Republicans. The other author does not cover negative reactions to the SCC’s report. Language/Word Choice De Vogue uses expressive language revealing her ideological position, whereas Lee refrains from demonstrating any subjectivity. Lee relies on direct quotes from the SCC to sound more professional. He makes sure that every statement is based on someone else’s words, including reporting the finding that “the public does not favor court expansion” (Lee). Interestingly, despite failing to pay much attention to the pro-expansion point of view and the relevant arguments, Lee manages to formulate statements that divert any responsibility from him to the cited sources. Unlike Lee, De Vogue utilizes expressive language, including the statements that the reform is “desperately needed.” She also notes Democrats’ viewpoint that “the commission has no real teeth” and makes it clear that “no one is satisfied” by the SCC’s recent decision (De Vogue). Therefore, Lee’s language could be aimed at masking his personal position, whereas De Vogue opposes the moods prevalent in the SCC. Visuals The articles are similar when it comes to quotes from primary sources, but the uses of visual materials and hyperlinks are dissimilar. As for similarities, both Lee and De Vogue provide direct quotes extensively to capture one or both sides’ original reactions. However, Lee’s brief article does not utilize visuals that would be directly related to the topic. In contrast, De Vogue’s writing is supplemented by a four-minute interview with Joan Biskupic, CNN’s current Supreme Court analyst. Lee’s writing compensates for the lack of visual materials by inserting hyperlinks to all sources, whereas De Vogue fails to do the same. With this approach, the audience can make sure that the quotes have not been distorted. Influences on the Public Both stories offer one-sided perspectives on the court expansion debate, which could influence the public’s perception of the event and the resulting opinions. Lee’s failure to mention liberals’ counterarguments and reactions to the report might make the public believe that the court expansion proposal serves no clear purpose and is baseless. De Vogue’s attempt to say that the SCC’s response satisfies nobody might make the public underestimate conservatives’ opposition to the proposed initiative. Considering insufficient intersection between the sources in terms of the target audience, some consequences for public opinion are the intensification of misunderstanding between common citizens holding pro-democracy and pro-republican views. Without a deep understanding of all details and interactions, people would be more likely to support flawed straw man arguments representing the opposing political camp’s stance in the court expansion debate. Conclusion To sum up, there are multiple differences between the authors’ approaches to reporting the event. The dissimilarities relate to peculiar fact selection practices, the degrees of subjectivity expressed through language, and using visual means. All of this promotes the articles’ ability to influence citizens’ moods in peculiar ways. Works Cited De Vogue, Ariane. “Biden’s Supreme Court Commission Is Leaving Everyone Unhappy.” CNN , 2021. Lee, Michael. “Biden Supreme Court Commission Opposes Adding Justices.” Fox News , 2021. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction An American government that is being guided by state security missions strives for getting unlimited information control; on the contrary, society attempts to restrict access to information for the government based on liberty and democracy principles. Each side has equal arguments in terms of objectivity. It is known that cryptographic techniques provide trade-off decisions. Free information access of intelligence services for monitoring is one of the main missions of the national security service. On another side, information confidentiality is an individual’s inalienable right. The problem becomes more topical in connection with the intensive progress of telecommunication facilities. Main body The National Security Agency, also known as NSA, is an intelligence organization of the United States. It is responsible for collecting information on foreign communications and performs specialized missions based on analysis of information that includes cryptanalysis. Also, NSA is responsible for the defense of government information and communicative channels. It composes a part of the United States Department of Defense. Because of its special secrecy, the NSA acronym stood for “No Such Agency” as a joke for a long time. In most contemporary analyses, intelligence is understood as the process of gathering, analyzing, and making use of information. Yet beyond such basic definitions are divergent conceptions of exactly what intelligence is and what it is for. (Scott and Jackson 2) Matthew Aid, a well-known specialist of security and outgoing historian, provides the history of America’s security apparatus. He made a close study of NSA, its history, missions, and politics. Aid detected a top-secret document which disclosure made the front page of the New York Times . Matthew Aid presents an impressive array of chapter notes in his history of the National Security Agency, which is chiefly references to documents he obtained through the Freedom of Information Act (“Sir Roger Hollis of” M32). The Secret Sentry: The Untold History of the National Security Agency has some highs and lows that should be noticed. Its merits include a huge amount of facts, a widely reported history of NSA, and logical consequences of events. The Secret Sentry provides much more information about the missions of the NSA than any other book, that’s why it is a nonstandard work. Matthew Aid made a huge research work on National Security Agency’s history. Aid presents the reader revision of the National Security Agency’s progress through historical events and its role in general. His work reveals some secrets that can be shocking for the reader. There are no unnecessary minutiae, but if the reader is interested in them, he/she can find them in the references section. But it can’t be unnoticed that this book is good for specialists, not for citizen readers. Aid is called a “competitive intelligence researcher by day; whose hobby (passion is a better word) is government secrecy” (O’Leary). He also decides that the main problem of the intelligence agency is the fact that it’s drowning in unusable data. One more problem the author writes about is its constant need for electricity, but electrical power is similar to political power. “As strange as it may sound,” he writes, “one of the most urgent problems facing NSA is a severe shortage of electrical power.” (314) The Secret Sentry traces back to the growth of the American intelligence agency from 1945 to nowadays. Aid considers the NSA is involved in the Iraqui weapons intelligence catastrophe. At present, the National Security Agency provides the lion’s share of important information for the US government. Despite the information’s good structure, presented in The Secret Sentry , I think there should be some remarks. First, it contains some mistakes and indistinct statements. For example, I think it is the incorrect assertion that the 1983 marine barracks bombing in Lebanon was the largest non-nuclear explosion in the world. The Minor Scale, for instance, was larger. It contains an innumerable amount of data for one book. It’s very hard for the readers without specialization to catch the meaning and stay interested in this information. The author is biased against NSA: in some chapters, it seems that he overplays the failures of agency and underplays its successes, and in the end, it’s very clear that Aid is against the war in Iraq. It seems strange enough because the book claims to be objective. Also, the author’s manner of writing resembles a report; there is no excitement in information’s presentation. It could be presented more excitingly, not like the college history book. There is also no doubt that this book provides you with lots of useful information and you have no choice but to get it. Anyway, I wish The Secret Sentry was written more politically neutral and without such a huge amount of information. Conclusion Anyway, The Secret Sentry: The Untold History of the National Security Agency isn’t a bad book. It displays the influence, either positive or negative, of the NSA on the US and world-historical events. Its theme is strongly topical, so I hope there will be new publications with some corrections in them. I think any person can enjoy this book. Works Cited Aid, Matthew M. “The secret sentry: The untold history of the National Security Agency”. New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2009. O’Leary, Mick. “National Security Archive Battles Government Secret Keepers.” Information Today Sept. 2006: 45+. Scott, Len, and Peter Jackson. “1 Journeys in Shadows.” Journeys in Shadows . Ed. L. V. Scott and. D. Jackson. New York: Routledge, 2004. “Sir Roger Hollis of MI5, the NSA.” The Washington Times (Washington, DC) 2009: M32. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Democracy, Republicanism, and Liberalism in 19th Century Mexico and Colombia Essay For Latin America in the mid-19th century, a distinctive feature was the tendency to democracy and equality. Contrary to the European countries, which were starting to build their colonial empires, and the United States with its slavery, people in Latin American countries made claims about the personal freedom of everybody. Intellectuals, politicians, and public speakers in Mexico and Colombia wrote that all people should be treated equally, regardless of race, class, and sex. Such democratic positions were widespread there in the 1840s – 1870s and halted at the end of the century. In the 1840s, Latin American countries, which were Spanish colonies before, started to build their republics and democratic societies in them. In 1849, Liberal Party became ruling in Colombia and performed many democratic reforms. All men obtained the right to vote, and all citizens gained a long list of rights provided by the government. Intellectual elites of Colombia considered the country the most progressive in America, including the U.S., where, at those time, was slavery. Mexican government of Benito Juarez in the 1850s – 1860s conducted a wide range of liberal reforms known as La Reforma. When France invaded Mexico in 1862, with the support of Mexican conservatives, it claimed that it came to bring modernity to the country. As Mexican people wrote in those times, in reality, they brought only murder and tyranny. Eventually, Mexico won the war and managed to re-establish its republic. Mexican intellectuals wrote that the 1860s were prominent for spreading and establishing democracy: slavery was abolished in the United States, and European governments became more democratic. They emphasized the role of Mexico and its republican, democratic, and liberal principles in those changes. However, at the end of the 19th century, everything had changed to the opposite: people in Mexico and other Latin American countries stopped considering themselves as the vanguard democratic countries. They started to imitate the political principles in Europe and the U.S.: class inequality started to grow, and governments became more autocratic and less free. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Educational Disparities in New York Public Schools Essay Disparities in the education system are global issues associated with population composition and community structures. In the US, for instance, the issue of fragmented or disproportionate admissions in public schools bears significant concern in the purview of policy development and economic development. Accordingly, inequalities exist in economic classes, racial structure, and demographic systems. New York City is characterized by one of the most diverse communities entailing a rich background of races from different parts of the world. In essence, a vast section of this community comprises the Hispanic and the people of color. According to Domanico (2018) schools in this community comprise roughly 16% whites while the rests are the Hispanics and African Americans. The focus of this profile is on the disparities faced by African American community in New York City, the most populous city in the US. Ideally, the issue of diversity in the education sector is showcased beyond the public schools in NYC. According to Steensland (2006), cultural dynamics have fundamental roles in shaping the well-being of people, including their educational access. At the same time, Islam and Winkel (2017) assert that inequalities in social framework seem to have far-reaching consequences in myriads settings. Therefore, there is a need to understand the admission patterns in public schools within NYC to help navigate the principles of disparity caused by inequality and diversity values. For instance, one needs to understand why children from white community backgrounds tend to dominate private schools under chartered and district schools (Islam & Winkel, 2017). Moreover, the income disparities have been a major concern in many societies as the white afford more private schools in different locations (Owens & Candipan, 2019). The segregation and isolation of people of color in low-ranking schools tend to portray the disparity in income distributions in New York (Owens, 2018). With the prevailing circumstances of a global pandemic, there is a further challenge in handling the economic burdens of poor communities in the city. References Domanico R., (2018). Closing the racial achievement gap in NYC schools. Integration Is Not Enough. Web. Islam, N, & Winkel, J. (2017). Climate change and social inequality. DSEA Working Paper Number 152. Owens, A. (2018). Income segregation between school districts and inequality in students’ achievement. Sociology of Education , 91 (1), 1-27. Web. Owens, A., & Candipan, J. (2019). Social and spatial inequalities of educational opportunity: A portrait of schools serving high-and low-income neighbourhoods in US metropolitan areas. Urban Studies , 56 (15), 3178-3197. Web. Steensland, B. (2006). Cultural Categories and the American Welfare State: The Case of Guaranteed Income Policy. American Journal of Sociology, 111 (5), 1273-1326. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Community Development and Social Development Report Introduction Community development has developed to become a powerful model for helping more people transform their life experiences. Experts can utilize different principles and concepts to transform communities, help those in need, and address some of the recorded challenges. This description outlines the major concepts, cultural and social approaches, and intervention measures revolving around community development. The work offers evidence-based insights that can help transform the lives of more people. Discussing Community Development Key Concepts The concept of community development describes the major initiatives and procedures members in a particular society undertake to improve their economic, environmental, cultural, and social attributes. Individuals in a given society must collaborate, address their differences, and focus on the best strategies to achieve collective goals. To deliver the intended outcomes, citizens should consider and implement specific principles to ensure that timely results are recorded. The leading ones would include participation, locality, self-help, and equity. The first one will guide individuals to be involved, focus on sustainable results, and identify the most appropriate initiatives (Juárez, 2016). Locality would denote the people’s ability to identify existing issues at the community level and implement the most appropriate strategies to mitigate them. Self-help is an evidence-based initiative whereby individuals might engage in personal initiatives to transform their life experiences. Community participation allows individuals to launch projects and complete tasks that can help transform their overall experiences and outcomes. Concepts of social justice help members of the community to pursue wider goals, promote empowerment, and promote equality. The idea of locality helps people identify and implement initiatives that resonate with the demands of the locals (Juárez, 2016). To support the delivery of positive results, members can complete needs assessments, plan the right services, establish community networks, and maximize people’s engagements and skills. Members can identify priorities and identify evidence-based approaches to empower one another. General and Cultural Issues Communities tend to have different groups with diverse needs and expectations. For instance, the selected case study shows how the recorded fire incident affected the experiences of many people. Such an occurrence would have affected the disabled, children, and the elderly in different ways. Similarly, community development agendas and initiatives should be aware of such dynamics and be introduced in such a way that they help deliver positive results (Green, 2016). For the general population, helpers and community workers can identify and pool groups in accordance with their demands. For instance, disabled person would required programs and development programs that resonate directly with the challenges they encounter. The same approach would be worth considering when trying to meet the needs of women and children. Such client community groups should be encouraged to seek and develop the relevant competencies that can take them closer to their objectives. Cultural issues are critical because they dictate the acceptability of various development initiatives and the overall outcomes recorded. For example, individuals tend to prefer specific ways of doing things and solving problems. Professionals involved in various community development initiatives should begin by considering the cultural needs of the people (Juárez, 2016). Launching initiatives that ignore cultural issues could result in rejection and affect the recorded goals. People who believe that the measures put in place do not resonate with their cultural attributes and practices will have increased chances of being uninvolved (Green, 2016). The level of participation could also reduce significantly. However, the identification and promotion of individuals’ cultural aspects will support the entire process and help more people transform their life experiences and economic outcomes. Traditional Community Development Experts involved in community development should be aware of various approaches that can deliver positive and sustainable results. Several measures exist that can make it possible for communities to transform their experiences and overall social and economic outcomes. Traditional methods have been applied successfully in the past to support the delivery of timely and sustainable results. For instance, a needs-based approach is one of the traditional approaches whereby the involved participants begin by analyzing the demands of the potential beneficiaries (Green, 2016). This strategy will guide the people to analyze the nature and possible sources of such challenges. The next would be how to mitigate such needs and transform the life experiences of the targeted beneficiaries. The continuous involvement of the community members will ensure that such a process succeeds. The second traditional method for community development that remains significant till this present day is that gaps-based model. Under this framework, community organizers will begin by identifying the gaps existing in the targeted regions. For instance, the presented case exposes the absence of proper mechanisms for fighting fire outbreaks and transforming the lives of the affected individuals (Juárez, 2016). Another good example would be a community that lacks proper measures to meet the medical demands of persons with disabilities. The absence of initiatives to empower women could also be addressed using the gaps-based strategy. Conclusion The above discussion has identified community development as a powerful approach that professionals should take seriously. The consideration of the recorded challenges and the adoption of superior models can help transform people’s lives. In conclusion, those involved can focus on the general and cultural issues of the population while relying on the best interventions to ensure that timely results are recorded. References Green, J. J. (2016). Community development and social development: Informing concepts of place and intentional social change in a globalizing world . Research on Social Work Practice, 26 (6), 605-608. Juárez, F. (2016). Community strategic relationship and marketing to foster the development of communities and sustainability of organizations . International of Journal of Psychological Research, 9 (1), 113-125. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Online Sales and Economic Activity Monitoring Report (Assessment) Retail sales refer to the sum total of all receipts that go to those who sell merchandise and other consumer goods. Retail sales cover a wide range of consumer goods, both durable and non-durable. Economists monitor retail sales because they are primary indicators of trends in consumer expenditures over time. In the U.S., for example, retail sales account for approximately half of the total expenditure by consumers (Krugman, 2009). In addition, it can be used in planning for output as it gives an indication of which products the citizens’ demand more. Online trading has a number of difficulties as far as the measurement of economic activity is concerned. First, products that can be delivered online, such as computer programs and updates are difficult to classify as either exports or imports and are usually recorded (Deepeshree & Agarwal, 2006). An individual in Australia can buy software in Germany online without the knowledge of the relevant authorities. Similarly, retail prices indicated online exclude freight costs, and it may be difficult to know the actual price paid by the consumer. In addition, since the individual retailers have access to the online trading database, they can engage in malpractices such as tax evasion and tax avoidance by giving incorrect information. References Deepeshree, S. & Agarwal, V. (2006). Macroeconomics. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Krugman, P. (2009). Macroeconomics. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Four Ways to Fix a Broken Legal System” by Howard Essay Philip K. Howard’s speech “Four Ways to Fix a Broken Legal System” at TED Talk revolves around the topic of law and judgment. I agree with his claim that people become overconfident in the righteousness of the legal system, which hinders freedom. Philip also adds the point on the fact that the law should work for the entire society and not for individual conflicts. I also agree with speaker’s ideas that many people are highly concerned by their personal rights, where citizens undermine the importance of legislative measures that have an effect on a national scale. I agree with Howard’s next point that the system of education is filled with numerous strict regulations which hinder the development of learners. For example, he mentions the case of an educator who was not allowed to drive students to the leadership conference due to liability measures. The school provided a bus with a capacity of 60 people for three event participants, which was highly inefficient. In addition, teachers have to spend an entire month dealing with an unsatisfied parent who sues an educator for giving a lower grade due to a missed deadline. This flaw of legal system forces teachers to provide higher grades, even though sometimes students do not deserve them. The main reason is that educators do not want to spend a lot of time being involved in the case where they are most likely to lose. The last point is made on challenges in communication between doctors and patients. I agree that due to the aggressiveness of citizens and their full reliance on lawyers, medical professionals are forced to be highly careful in communicating with patients, because the latter may sue them for “outrageous” statements. I think video’s message is highly important, because these strict regulations eliminate freedom of creativity, instead of serving as boundaries. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Budget Aspects of a Family Report The case refers to the budgeting aspects of a family in which both husband and wife are working to cover their expenses and live comfortably with their salaries. However, they Marty and Laura have been living beyond their means and owe money for their car and credit card purchases. Moreover, they are going to have an addition of another family member by the end of the year, for which they have not done financial planning as yet. The case indicates several aspects of time value of money that both Marty and Laura should take into account. In order to evaluate their current debt situation, they have to take into account their future expenses as well as current debt charges including credit card and car loan. Other than that, income tax will have to be taken into consideration since both Marty and Laura earn. Considering the scenario where the new baby will need college funds and Marty and Laura plan to set up a college fund for the baby, following calculation has been done to evaluate what amount would be needed. Two evaluations are done where Marty and Laura may deposit a lump sum today, or make annual payments to the fund: Years: 18 I = 4% per annum Future value: $ 20,000 Present value if lump sum deposited at the end of this year (Present value formula has been used): $ 9,872.56 Payments for the next 18 years in case lump sum is not deposited by end of this year (Payment or annuity formula has been used): $ 1,579.87 If both Laura and Marty need to start retirement funds as well, then further calculations would need to be done and evaluation on their life expectancy would have to be done as well. As disclosed by the couple, they have been living off borrowed money by taking loans on credit cards and taking loans for their car as well. This becomes expensive as the cost of borrowed funds needs to be taken into account as well. The point to note is that apart from the principal amount, a component of interest needs to be returned as well which makes the funds expensive than the money being earned by the couple. Evaluating the debt profile of the couple, they have three major debts, credit card, college loan and car loan, of which the credit card loan has the highest charges per annum of 15.99%. Therefore, the best choice that both Marty and Laura have right now is to eliminate their debts or in other words, pay them off completely. However, since they do not have any savings and their salary does not allow paying off the hefty loans in one bullet payment, it is best to chalk out aggressive debt elimination and savings plan so that the interest charges are minimized, savings can be deposited and the couple is out of the loans and debts entirely. Considering the following scenario: * On a yearly basis, salary total: $ 75000 * House rent for the year: $ 14400 * Remaining Salary: $ 60600 * Total Debt: $ 27000 * If total debt is eliminated this year, the salary remaining for other expenses would be: $ 33600 The couple can still have $ 2800 to spend on a monthly basis. However, this is a very aggressive financial plan for this year, especially as their expenses would increase due to medical bills and preparation for the new baby. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Elusive Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process Essay The Israeli-Palestinian conflict over the area between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River began at the end of the nineteenth century when a group of European Jews started to settle in Palestine, aiming to seize control over the territory. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has become a protracted, deadly, and costly confrontation that involved many participants among the Middle East and Western countries. While the countries of Europe decided to withhold relations with Jewish settlements in 1967, when Israel occupied Sinai, the Golan Heights, Gaza, and the West Bank, the United States has remained the peace broker that initiated negotiations between the Israelis and Palestinians in 2014. Although some political analysts believe that the reconciliation between Israel and Palestine will not bring peace to the Middle East, the comprehensive settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, if conducted within the appropriate framework, may pacify the tension in the Middle East and the international political arena. For decades, the international community attempted to reconcile Israel and Palestine without tangible results so that the peace process seemed to be elusive. The lack of trust between the longstanding enemies and the permanent power disparity in the negotiations that was caused by Israel’s military and economic preponderance did not allow for effective bilateral political dialogue. The lack of comprehensiveness in the U.S. peace-making strategy prevented the possible compromise between Israel and Palestine as it could not assist both parties in making the necessary concessions to reach an agreement. Moreover, the unconditional but noticeable support of the U.S. for Israel has created the anti-American backlash among the Middle Eastern countries since the overwhelming majority supported the Palestinians, who were seen as “victims of an all-powerful colonizing Israel” (Cleveland and Bunton 536). All these factors made it possible for some political analysts to conclude that the U.S.-led settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict will deteriorate the situation in the Middle East; however, others admit that successful settlement is possible under certain conditions (Yambert 101). In 2002 the Arab League introduced the Arab Peace Initiative, which suggested a proposal for an end to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. For the successful comprehensive settlement, the negotiations between the two parties should be strictly based on the Arab Peace Initiative (Cleveland and Bunton 517). The negotiations should start with the discussion of borders, which will persuade the Palestinians that the re-establishment of their state is already at hand. The negotiations should be held in Jerusalem, where the number of Jews and Palestinians is almost equal since it will serve as a symbol of their possible coexistence. The negotiations should have a specific time limit because both parties’ interests in the protraction of time in the hope of improving their position took the conflict settlement longer than was appropriate. Moreover, the negotiations should be assisted by independent parties, and since it is believed that the U.S. is a supporter of Israel and the EU is a supporter of Palestine, the assistance may need to be provided by four of the most influential members of the Arab League: Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Qatar. The negotiations should be based on the prior agreements that were reached in 2000 and 2010 as well as receive positive media coverage. All these conditions will provide for the successful comprehensive settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The comprehensive settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a prerequisite to peace for the international community, the Middle East, and the U.S. Given that this confrontation of two nations continued throughout more than a century, separating the Arab nations and Jews and involving a large number of Western and Eastern participants against their will (e.g., Syria’s civil war), the eventual settlement of the conflict seems to be one of the few political events that will significantly contribute to the relaxation of political tension (Cleveland and Bunton 550). Moreover, the Palestinians saw the Israeli occupation as colonization because many Jews that started to settle in Palestine were of European origin and supported by the UK and other European countries (Yambert 68). The Arab nations that support Palestine associate themselves with it, and given that the Palestinians are seen as victims, the Middle East does not accept the Western interference in the conflict, which has developed an anti-American backlash. If the settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is conducted according to the conditions that have been discussed above, the tension between the Middle East and the U.S. will be relaxed. Thus, the comprehensive settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict seems to be a prerequisite for restoring the regional and international peace. Despite the fact that some political analysts and members of the international community do not believe in the peace-making power of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict settlement, one cannot deny the fact that it will ease the political tensions in the Middle East and the international arena. Besides that, if the reconciliation is assisted by the Arab nations without direct American influence, the Arab grievances against the U.S. will also be settled. Thus, the comprehensive settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict can be considered as a prerequisite to peace for the Middle East and the U.S. Works Cited Cleveland, William L., and Martin Bunton. A History of the Modern Middle East . 6th ed., Westview Press, 2016. Yambert, Karl, editor. The Contemporary Middle East: A Westview Reader . 3rd ed., Westview Press, 2013. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Index Funds Mersus Actively-Managed Funds Proposal Essay Table of Contents 1. Index funds 2. Actively-managed funds 3. Comparison of index funds and Actively-managed funds 4. Works Cited Index funds These are mutual funds, exchange-traded funds or unit investment trusts designed to track the returns of a market index. The index referred to is a combination of securities representative of a particular section or whole of the market concerned. The market can be a stock market or a bond market. Investment in index funds amounts to passive investing. This is so as the portfolio manager only replicates the existing index without taking into account his or her views. Such index funds include Standard & Poor’s 500, Rusell 2000, Doe Jones Wilshire 5000 and Vanguard (Graham 54). Actively-managed funds This is a mutual fund in which the portfolio manager strives to outdo the market by selecting the best investment. The manager has to conduct a detailed analysis of the varied investment in the market. Based on the results, the manager seeks to secure the best returns from the funds appropriately. Comparison of index funds and Actively-managed funds Actively-managed funds have the potential to outdo the market in terms of performance unlike their counterpart, the index funds. This serves as the most attractive feature to potential investors. The goal of any investor is to maximize their returns in any particular investment. Settling for the index fund implies receiving a market return that is less the manger’s remuneration. On the other hand, chances of the actively-managed funds outperforming their assigned index are rare. For instance, according to statistics from the Vanguard Company, a large number of the U.S securities failed in their goal to outperform the index they wished to outdo in the last decade. In addition, it is a daunting task for the investor to correctly identify the fund that will attract more returns relative to the index. Certain funds might manage to beat their relevant indexes and may easily lure investors into purchasing the actively-managed funds. However, the reasons for these could be excellent skills of the manager concerned or pure luck. Based on statistics from the Barclays Global Investors, chances of an actively-managed fund’s continued out-performance of the index are very slim. In terms of cost, the actively-managed funds have an initial disadvantage over the index funds. The subsequent average cost of management of the actively-managed funds is one percent more than that of the index funds. This is another reason for the under-performance of the actively-managed funds relative to their index. Similarly, the tax imposed greatly influences the performance of the two funds. Though not often depicted in the return figures, the portfolio manager is bound to buy and sell various investments in the search for more returns. In the process, the purchase and sales activities are referred to as turnover. So long as the account in question is not a retirement account, these are taxable capital gains. This again increases the expenses on the actively-managed fund (Graham 30). Therefore, due to the cost, tax and other expenses associated with the actively-managed fund, the eventual return form it is greatly reduced. However, one can secure the service of a skilled portfolio manager in an attempt to try and achieve better returns. Even in such situations, uncertainty about the performance of the actively-managed fund still exists. Due to this, the index fund may be the best choice of the two. It requires no monitoring and has fewer costs. Works Cited Graham, Benjamin. The Intelligent Investor . New York: HarperBusiness Book, 1984. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Research Methods by Alwabel, Zairi, and Ahmed Essay (Critical Writing) The first chapter of this book provides a definition of such term research which can be regarded as a form of scientific inquiry involving rigorous collection and analysis of information (Alwabel, Zairi & Ahmed, 2007, p. 3). Moreover, the authors explain the distinctions between exploratory, descriptive and explanatory research. In particular, readers can learn that explanatory studies are aimed at investigating the relationship between different variables. In turn, descriptive and exploratory studies are supposed to depict a particular phenomenon from different perspectives. The second chapter gives readers a more detailed idea about different types of research. In the part of the book, the writers focus on the distinctions between qualitative and qualitative studies. One should bear in mind that qualitative research is suitable in those cases when a scholar only has to formulate a hypothesis or conjecture. In turn, a quantitative approach is more beneficial when one has to test this hypothesis (Alwabel, Zairi & Ahmed, 2007, p. 9). This is why scholars can adopt different strategies while investigating a specific problem. For example, they can collect data in the form of pictures, words, physical objects, and so forth. Yet, they can find ways of presenting information numerically. Furthermore, this chapter is helpful since it enables the readers to learn more about the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches. These are the main issues that are examined in this section. In turn, the third chapter of this book is also very informative. In particular, readers can learn about two important concepts, such as inductive and deductive reasoning. One should bear in mind that inductive reasoning is aimed at developing a particular theory of the basis of observations (Alwabel, Zairi & Ahmed, 2007, p. 3). In contrast, inductive reasoning is supposed to verify a theory by seeking specific example or phenomenon that can confirm a theory. This is the main distinction between these frameworks. In turn, the fourth chapter is supposed to identify the main principles of data collection. For example, the readers can learn more about belief justification, market research or decision support. Additionally, the authors pay much attention to the ethical aspects of research. Scholars should remember about such aspects as the informed consent of the participants, the protection of people’s life and health, confidentiality of the subjects, and so forth (Alwabel, Zairi & Ahmed, 2007). It seems that these questions are of great relevance to various researchers who must ensure that the rights of participants are not violated. This is why the guidelines presented in this paper should not be violated. The fifth chapter presents a detailed discussion of different methods that one can use to collect data. In particular, the writers discuss the advantages and disadvantages of such a method as focus groups (Alwabel, Zairi & Ahmed, 2007). Furthermore, the readers can gain a better idea about such a technique as a statistical survey. Moreover, researchers should focus on the relationship between different variables. In some cases, the so-called causal relationship between various phenomena is a mere coincidence (Alwabel, Zairi & Ahmed, 2007; Jackson, 2008, p. 169). Therefore, scholars should be aware of this challenge. This is one of the critical issues that should be considered. Finally, one should speak about the information presented in the sixth chapter. First of all, the authors discuss the difference between secondary and primary sources of data. The knowledge of this distinction is essential for every researcher. Furthermore, this chapter is important because it gives insights into the peculiarities of sampling techniques. For example, one can learn more about such issues like the target population, sampling unit or non-probability sampling (Alwabel, Zairi & Ahmed, 2007, p. 14). The knowledge of these techniques is vital for researchers who can be engaged in different forms of research. They should avoid the so-called Type I error which is very widespread among people conducting empirical studies. For example, researchers try to find regularities or patterns. Their efforts are based on the premise that there is a distinct relation between some independent and dependent variables. As it has been said before, these patterns do not always exist. For instance, in the first half of the twentieth century, psychologists tried to determine whether an individual’s intelligence could be dependent on his/her gender, race, nationality, and so forth. Yet, they did not consider the possibility that these variables are not related in any way, and many of their studies were misguided. This is one of the main errors that should be avoided. Type I errors can affect the work of both natural and social scientists who conduct empirical research. By focusing on sampling techniques, scholars can avoid this pitfall and design more rigorous studies. Overall, the information presented in this chapter can be of great value to students who should understand the underlying principles of either quantitative or qualitative research. Furthermore, the authors can assist learners in avoiding many errors. This is why these readings are so helpful. Reference List Alwabel, S., Zairi, M., & Ahmed, A. (2007). Research Methods: Study Book . New York: Academic Publishing. Jackson, Sherri. (2008). Research Methods and Statistics: A Critical Thinking Approach . Boston: Cengage Learning. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Details of the Case 2. The Sides’ Arguments during the Case 3. The Ruling in the Case 4. Conclusion 5. References Negligence is usually discussed as a tort which is associated with performing a wrong act which causes damages or with failing to perform the act necessary to treat a person accordingly and to cope with the illness (Pozgar, 2012, p. 32-34). While referring to the cases of negligence which can be discussed in the context of the tort law, it is necessary to focus on the case Butler v. United States (2012) involving Kay Butler as a plaintiff and the United States of America and Veterans Administration as defendants. The decision on the case was announced on December 19, 2012 ( Butler v. United States 2012 , 2014, par. 3). The Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals supported the judgment declared by the district court, and Mrs. Butler’s appeal was not satisfied because of failing to support the argument. In order to understand the aspects of the case, it is necessary to provide the case’s details, and analyze the effectiveness of the stated arguments in relation to the principles of the healthcare law and tort law. Details of the Case Mr. Butler, a husband of Kay Butler and a veteran of the armed forces, was diagnosed by a physician working at the Veterans Administration center in Durham, North Carolina, as having a vascular condition. Dr. Jonathan Gray concluded that Mr. Butler needed the urgent surgery. The diagnosis was announced in 2004. During the post-operative period, Mr. Butler was paralyzed from the chest down. The health state of the patient worsened significantly during the following months. Mr. Butler died from developed sepsis on March 15, 2005 ( Butler v. United States 2012 , 2014, par. 5-7). Mrs. Butler claimed to receive the compensation benefits from the Veterans Administration for negligent actions of the physicians which led to the death of the patient. Having received the benefits, Mrs. Butler appealed to court against the United States of America as a defendant in the case. The Sides’ Arguments during the Case The arguments of Mrs. Butler was based on providing the evidence to support the fact that carelessness of the surgeons, negligence during diagnosing and performing the surgery, and the lack of proper skill led to the injury and the death of the patient. The claim of Mrs. Butler was satisfied in relation to the duty of the physicians and the Veterans Administration. However, the argument of Mrs. Butler against the United States to affirm the wrongful death of the husband lacked the evidence of the experts in the field (Pozgar, 2012, p. 34). The Veterans Administration and the United States as defendants provided the support to their arguments with references to the Federal Tort Claims Act and principles of confirming the fact of negligence. Referring to the North Carolina law, the expert witness is required to discuss violation of the standard of care ( Butler v. United States 2012 , 2014, par. 5-7). The argument of the defendants failed to reject the medical malpractice action in relation to the Veterans Administration, but the argument to support the position of the United States as a defendant was reasonable (Mandelstam, 2002, p. 54). The Ruling in the Case The complaint against the Veterans Administration was affirmed, and Mrs. Butler received the compensation associated with causing the death of her husband and necessary VA benefits. However, the complaint against the United States of America as a defendant because of the loss of consortium was not affirmed. It was stated that Mrs. Butler’s FTCA claim directed toward arguing the duty of the United States of America as a defendant cannot affect the received benefits and compensation ( Butler v. United States 2012 , 2014, par. 5-7). As a result, the previous decision of the district court was discussed as reasonable (Hammaker, 2010, p. 122). The problem was in the fact that Mrs. Butler did not present the required expert witness Conclusion In spite of the fact that Mrs. Butler’s claim related to responsibility of the Veterans Administration and physicians was affirmed, her legal argument to state the loss of consortium was weak because of impossibility to provide the expert’s evidence. In this case, the best legal argument related to the issue was provided by the United States of America as a defendant. Mrs. Butler’s argument related to stating the negligence in relation to the physicians’ activity was rather effective because she provided the evidence to support the fact that the surgical procedure was performed with violating the norms, and the physicians failed to diagnose the patient. All the elements of negligence such as the duty to care, breach of duty, injury, and causation were presented and supported with evidence. In this case Mrs. Butler presented a prima facie case of negligence. That is why, Mrs. Butler received the compensation. However, Mrs. Butler failed to provide the necessary support and evidence for the argument while appealing to the court against the United States of America as a defendant. While discussing the standard of care, it is necessary to provide the expert’s evidence to support the argument in North Carolina. The defendant provided the most convincing argument in this case, and the claim was not affirmed. References Butler v. United States 2012 . (2014). Retrieved from https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-4th-circuit/1618662.html Hammaker, D. (2010). Health care management and the law: Principles and applications . New York, NY: Cengage Learning. Mandelstam, M. (2002). Manual handling in health and social care: An A-Z of law and practice . New York, NY: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Pozgar, G. (2012). Legal aspects of health care administration . Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Sociology of sports Essay The sociology of sports enables one to understand the relationship between society and sports. Additionally, one is able to examine how culture and values are interrelated with sports, and also look at the relationship that exists between sports, media, politics, race, religion, as well as gender (Yiannakis & Melnick, 2001). From the functionalist perspective, sports as a social institution may be examined as a social system, consisting of interrelated parts, which is characterized by a plurality of individuals that continually interact with one another (Delaney & Madigan, 2002). Functionalists view the relationship between sports and society in such a way that it enables them to demonstrate sports as a valuable social institution, which is important for both, the society and an individual. Sport is accepted by many people who believe that it is compatible with the society’s values, meaning that sport is seen as a positive social function in the society as a means of transmission of cultural values, and a release of both psychological and physical pressures, in addition to social mobility (Delaney & Madigan, 2002). The functional perspective is more useful to the sociology of sports than other perspectives due to its conservative nature, and its social mechanisms that enhance oneness in the society. The perspective as such analyzes sports as a beneficial tool for the society. Stanley Brown (2001) in his book “Introduction to Exercise Science,” asserts that, sports sociology purposefully centers on the connection between society and sports. Sports, therefore, help the society to have a keen analysis of the social behavior of human beings. Brown further notes that, issues pertaining to the interactions between individuals and sports are looked at, examined, and expounded within the sociology of sports. In view of this, both scholarly and logical examination of sports can be advanced further by setting a platform that enhances the recognition of possible social change. In her book, “The sociology of sport,” Coakley Jay, (2000) affirms that, the sociology of sport is a sub discipline of sociology that studies sports as part of both social and cultural life. She continues to note that a great deal of the research done in this field is usually aimed at organized competitive sports. However, other scholars study various activities in regards to goals and challenges of individuals in sports. A better understanding of sports as the writer affirms occurs when one learns to think of sports as a social construction. Participation in sports either as fans, players, or as a business is mainly attributed to the fact that sports unite people by means of socialization, and the recreational advantages that go along with sports. The presence of team loyalties and friendly rivalries between individuals indicates an immense influence that sports have on people’s lives (Delaney & Madigan, 2009). Others see their participation in sports as investment opportunities in the industry that has a high potential for increased economic benefits. With regard to monetary benefits, being a sportsperson is beneficial if one looks at the amounts of money that they accrue through their usual payments (Delaney & Madigan, 2009). As fans, participating in sports is very exciting and enjoyable due to the passion that many fans have for sporting activities. Sports offer a lot when it comes to fulfilling human needs in various ways. As such, humans need to divert their minds from the tasks of everyday life, so sports appear to be the best way to unwind. When sport is looked at from an educational perspective, it helps in the inculcation of values, such as discipline, dedication and developing of a sense of responsibility (Yiannakis & Melnick, 2001). Sports, therefore, fulfill human needs as a physical mechanism, releasing one’s stress and tension, enhancing socialization and teamwork, building character, improving one’s health and self-confidence and increasing economic development through investments (Yiannakis & Melnick, 2001). It is also worth noting that sport is one of the major ways of entertainment for people. Individuals often have to face challenging circumstances in their lives that affect their wellbeing and, consequently, their productivity. Going in for sports is one of the best ways of entertaining oneself not only with an aim of overcoming challenging situations, but also for people’s emotional health (Delaney & Madigan, 2009). It happens because participation in sports, either actively or by just watching it is exhilarating and pleasurable. Explaining sports from a sociological point of view requires an understanding of the foundational tenets of this perspective. The core tenets is the understanding that individuals are social beings by nature, that individuals are in many cases socially determined and that individuals construct, maintain, and change the social forms through which they conduct their lives (Yiannakis & Melnick, 2001). For sociologists to understand societal laws, they often use sociological imaginations. As such, if an athlete, for instance, uses steroids, it is commonly considered as a personal problem, but if many of them use the drug, this is then considered to be an issue of public concern. References Delaney, T., & Madigan, T. (2009). Sports: Why we love them! Lanham: University Press of America. Delaney, T., Madigan, T. (2002). The Sociology of Sports: An Introduction. McFarland and Company Inc. Publishers. Yiannakis, A., & Melnick, M. J. (2001). Contemporary issues in sociology of sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
American Romanticism of “The Minister’s Black Veil” Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The story “The Minister’s Black Veil” 3. Conclusion 4. Works cited Introduction Nathaniel Hawthorne greatly contributed to the development of fiction in the period of American Romanticism. He was born in Massachusetts in a Puritan family that’s why he despised the hypocrisy, brutality and sham morality in the world about him. So the Puritan influence was felt in his works. The central idea of Puritanism was God’s supreme authority over human affairs. At that time people believed that the world was created for man, and man was created for God. The Puritans honored hierarchy among men as divine order. The essence of social order layed in the authority of the husband over wife, parents over children and masters over servants. The order also provided a rule that when a woman got married, she gave all her property to her husband and became a feme covert and lost her separate civil identity in his. The story “The Minister’s Black Veil” Hawthorne used the symbolic image of a veil in any of his works. But the most vivid example was the story “The Minister’s Black Veil”. The author began his odd story with an unexplained change in the appearance of the main hero – the town’s pastor. Up until the described Sunday Mr. Hooper was a good-looking man of above thirty, though still a bachelor. On Sunday he appeared with one strange change on his visage – a long, hanging down over his face, black veil. It concealed his features except for the mouth and chin. His sight covered by the veil gave darkened aspect to all living and inanimate things around the person. The “darkened aspect” was very important because it showed the change in the minister’s viewpoint toward life. Though it didn’t give us a clue as to the reason Mr. Hooper put on the veil on that particular Sunday. When the parson read the Scriptures the veil stood like obscurity between him and the holy pages. The author pointed to the fact that the veil hid the minister’s face while reading the Bible and in fact it made the Bible itself seem more obscure. In the story Hawthorne pondered upon the three ways of making God’s word clearer to people. The author himself and his main hero saw the mission of a clergyman in explaining the Bible to the congregation. So the purpose could be achieved by using one of three ways. First, a parson himself explained God’s word to make it clearer for everyone. The second way supposed the personification of God’s word through kindly disposed relations between every individual and clergy. The third way was the most important both for Hawthorne and Parson Hooper. It consisted in God’s word’s exemplification through the minister’s role as a living example of his faith. Conclusion Most people considered that in a good clergyman all those functions combined together so that it was hard to separate one from another. However, in the minister’s soul, the three functions were mutually contradictory. Mr. Hooper came to the conclusion that people in their sinfulness were far from God. Parson could only bring his congregation closer to God because people were too worldly. Mr. Hooper was different. He was different not because he was free from sin, but because of the deep profundity of his awareness of sin. That strong conviction separated him from the people and his black veil was only its manifestation. Parson was so conscious of his sinfulness that could not enjoy life like his fellow humans. After putting on the veil the minister was not able to clarify the Scriptures because he began to doubt the rightness of God’s way. Consequently, the only reason for his ecclesiastic office was to be a living example of his faith and a warning to people who saw him. Hawthrone clearly showed it in the dramatic conclusion of the story. Parson Hooper died in great agony. On every face, he saw a black veil. By such an ending Hawthorne showed that separation from people led to loneliness and tragical inner conflicts. People had to live in harmony. No one had a right to put himself higher than others even if he was God’s servant. Works cited Fogle, R.H. Hawthorne’s Fiction: The Light and The Dark . University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, 1992. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Selected Short Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Fawcett, 1983. Merriam-Webster’s Encyclopedia of Literature . – Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster Incorporated, 1995. Perkins, George. The American Tradition in Literature, Volume 2, Tenth Edition . Easter Michigan University, 2003. Van Doren, C. C. The American Novel . New York, 1990. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
New York State Fair Labor Laws Essay New York State’s fair employment laws generally follow the federal equal opportunity employment laws, however, there are some differences. For instance, in addition to state laws protecting employees from discrimination based on sex and gender, New York’s laws extend to gender identity and expression (Pynes, 2013; State of New York Executive Department, 2020). Related protection is extended to an employee’s preferred pronouns, titles, and names without the requirement of any proof of these preferences (State of New York Executive Department, 2020). Furthermore, appearance standards, including dress codes and uniforms, cannot be differentiated based on gender or sex (State of New York Executive Department, 2020). These additions stem from the currently developing standards regarding the greater focus on gender and sexual identity and expression. An employer has a right to institute policies regarding standards for appearance. For instance, uniforms and dress codes are meant to demonstrate the uniformity of an organization’s employees. Furthermore, as is the case with police departments, religious, political, or other group-identifying symbols can be undesirable as they undermine the organization’s image as neutral in these matters (Pynes, 2013). By the same token, an employer may institute policies regarding grooming and hygiene. When developing appearance standards, however, employers should consider issues that may be related to discrimination. The standards should not be discriminatory, for instance, by imposing different requirements on employees based on their sex, gender identity, or disability status (Management Study Guide, n. d.). Furthermore, it is possible to create indirectly discriminatory standards. Such standards do not specifically target a particular group, but still require a disproportionate amount of effort for that group to comply. References Management Study Guide (n. d.) Ethical issues in HR . Web. Pynes, J. E. (2013). Human resources management for public and nonprofit organizations: A strategic approach (4 th ed.). Wiley. State of New York Exexccutive Department (2020). Equal employment opportunity in New York State: Rights and responsibilities. A handbook for employees of New York State Agencies. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Role of Nurses and the Pressures They Face on a Daily Basis Essay Nurses are a key part of the functioning healthcare system and provide a wide variety of services to patients all over the world. But do all of them directly partake in healthcare reengineering? This post argues that yes, at least in an indirect way, as nursing staff often constitutes the majority among the employees of a healthcare institution. Healthcare provision is undergoing a process of reengineering through the implementation of big data and data analysis into daily procedures (Kuan Lai et al., 2019). As the majority of the hospital staff, nurses are essentially responsible for the human factor of the transformation. The human factor is a crucial part of the reengineering process, as it ensures that the patients’ needs do not get lost amongst the new technology (Santos, 2020). Therefore, perhaps indirectly, every nurse is involved in applying the newest advancements to everyday medicine. The enormous workload nurses have to face on a daily basis is one of the main challenges of the modern healthcare system. As technological advancement speeds up the services, many hospitals opt for decreasing the staff numbers to increase the profit. To ensure that the patients’ safety remains preserved, the hospitals must monitor the status of the nursing programs and implement the development programs as needed (Yanchus et al., 2017). In the current state of widespread understaffing of the healthcare system, teamwork and high-level communication are more crucial than ever. Yet, it is important for healthcare institutions to address their hiring policies and the potential mistreatments associated with work overload (Metcalf, Wang & Habermann, 2018). When the working process is exceptionally high-paced, and the nurses themselves are systematically overworked, the healthcare quality is bound to decrease. References Kuan Lai, P. et al. (2020). Healthcare Big Data Analytics: Re-engineering Healthcare Delivery through Innovation. IRDI Public Health Policy Dialogue Series No.3, pp. 10-13. Web. Metcalf, A.Y., Wang, Y. and Habermann, M. (2018), Hospital unit understaffing and missed treatments: primary evidence, Management Decision , Vol. 56 No. 10, pp. 2273-2286. Web. Santos, R. (2020). Reengineer healthcare: a human factors and ergonomics framework to improve the socio-technical system. International Journal For Quality In Health Care , 33 (Supplement_1), 19-24. Web. Yanchus, N. J. et al. (2017). ‘You just can’t do it all: a secondary analysis of nurses’ perceptions of teamwork, staffing and workload. Journal of Research in Nursing, 22(4), 313–325. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
User Interface Usability on E-Commerce Platforms Essay (Critical Writing) How does the user interface impact user decisions? Through the study of Suh & Chang (2006), it was noted that complications in online user interfaces, especially in the case of E-commerce platforms) lowered the likelihood of application patronage or even the possibility of a user buying an item online. Evidence of such an impact was noted in the evolution of current E-commerce purchasing platforms wherein the account creation requirement that was usually a standard of such platforms was removed in favor of simply allowing users to use purchase items without creating an account with the online company. Thus, Suh & Chang (2006) explain, greatly increasing online sales for specific companies by 60 to 80 percent results in considerable profit increases. One way of explaining the reason behind why this occurred by simply allowing users to buy an item without registering is in part due to the process of interface simplification. Interface simplification can be defined as the process by which user interfaces are designed with the idea that complications are a type of anathema to users wherein “the simple is better” in terms of allowing them to proceed with a particular process. Going back to the example of the online E-commerce platforms, Suh & Chang (2006) explain that reducing the number of steps between the users and their end goal with an application (i.e. in this case making an online purchase) creates a greater level of appeal to use and patronize such an application given the decreased level of complication. From the perspective of Viralingam & Ramaiah (2008), a complication in user interfaces is comparable to a Rube Goldberg machine (i.e. an over-engineered and overly complicated machine that accomplishes a simple task in an overly complicated fashion). Viralingam & Ramaiah (2008) state that when it comes to the perception of use, the reverse should be true for user interfaces wherein a simple platform accomplishes a complicated action. This impacts user decisions by making it more likely for them to use such a platform or make an online purchase given the fewer number of steps between what they want and the process they need to accomplish. This is a positive aspect of simplifying the process of online purchases since it allows companies to sell their products to prospective buyers online with very little effort on their part in terms of allocating more space for user info. It should be noted though that the action of “registering” can be considered annoying given the sheer proliferation of advertisements at the present and, as such, factors into the customer decision process as well. Why is usability important and how can it be improved? When attempting to examine the sheer proliferation of E-commerce sites on the internet and their ability to attract customers, it becomes evident that the solution is more of a usability issue than it is the content of the site itself. Just as there are hundreds of websites that allow users to perform different types of actions and create content, there are millions if not billions of sites lacking in usability resulting in them being neglected and often going unused. What must be understood is that usability adds some “pizzazz” to a site resulting in a greater likelihood of use (Seffah & Metzker, 2004). There are just far too many sites, too many internet users and internet technology has become too accessible resulting in no possible way to continue online operations if a site simply is not user friendly. To improve usability, it is important to focus on the concept of “best practices” namely standards in the development of online user platforms that follow a specific format in terms of user interface solutions (Seffah & Metzker, 2004). By focusing on industry standards of usability, ensures the development of an online platform follows a format that users are used to and above all prefer as compared to developing a “unique” type of user platform yet one which users cannot use properly and thus would avoid. Reference List Seffah, A., & Metzker, E. (2004). The obstacles and myths of usability and software engineering. Communications Of The ACM , 47 (12), 71-76. Suh, K., & Chang, S. (2006). User interfaces and consumer perceptions of online stores: The role of telepresence. Behaviour & Information Technology , 25 (2), 99-113. Viralingam, N., & Ramaiah, C. K. (2008). Comparative Study of HTML and Animated User Interfaces of an Online Exhibition. DESIDOC Journal Of Library & Information Technology , 28 (4), 43-54. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Screening for Obesity Report Introduction Several studies on obesity show that there is heightened risk for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, many kinds of cancer, and a variety of other diseases for individuals who have excess weight. Therefore, it is in the interest of public health that steps are taken to lower the prevalence of obesity (Schneider, 2006). In December 2004, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommended screening for obesity; so that individuals with a body mass index (BMI) equal to or more than 30 (obese individuals) could be identified for counselling and behavioral interventions to reduce their weight (Krisberg, 2004). Since BMI in its natural course increases with advance in age and also on the basis of pubertal stages and gender, BMI percentiles have been developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2000, for defining degrees of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence. The 85th percentile on these standard charts of the CDC defines children and adolescents being at risk for overweight correspond with a BMI of approximately 25, which is the adult definition of overweight. The 95th percentile on these standard charts of the CDC defines children and adolescents being at risk for overweight correspond with a BMI of approximately 30, which is the adult definition of overweight (Hoppin, 2004). Screening for Obesity Child Date of birth (DOB) Date of visit (DOV) Age Weight Stature BMI (years) (kg) (cm) Case 1: Sam 9/2/95 8/11/2002 7 26.8 122 18.0 Case 2: Juanita 2/10/97 2/6/2003 6 20.4 110 16.9 Case 3: Akita 5/11/2001 1/5/2004 3 16.3 98 17.0 Case 4: Jermain 4/1/2001 10/12/2004 3 10.9 88 14.1 Case 5: Ted 11/24/99 8/12/2004 5 20.2 115 15.3 Case 6: Pedro 6/19/92 3/26/2001 9 23.4 126 14.7 Case 1: Sam Date of birth (DOB) 8/02/1995 Date of visit (DOV) 8/11/2002 Weight = 26.8kg Height = 122cm BMI = [weight in kg/ (height in cm] X 10,000 Sam’s BMI = [26.8/ (122) 2 ] X 10.000 Sam’s BMI = 18.0 Interpretation: the BMI falls between the 50th and the 75th percentiles, which means that Sam is not overweight or undernourished. He has an appropriate weight for his age and stature (2 to 20 years: Boys Stature-for-age and Weight-for-age percentiles). Case 2: Juanita Date of birth (DOB) 2/10/1997 Date of visit (DOV) 2/06/2003 Weight = 20.4kg Height = 110cm BMI = [weight in kg/ (height in cm] X 10,000 Juanita’s BMI = [20.4/ (110) 2 ] X 10,000 Juanita’s BMI = 16.9 Interpretation: the BMI falls between the 50th and the 75th percentiles, which means that Juanita is not overweight or undernourished. She has an appropriate weight for her age and stature (2 to 20 years: Girls Stature-for-age and Weight-for-age percentiles). Case 3: Akita Date of birth (DOB) 5/11/2001 Date of visit (DOV) 1/05/2004 Weight = 16.3kg Height = 98cm BMI = [weight in kg/ (height in cm] X 10,000 Akita’s BMI = [16.3/ (98) 2 ] X 10,000 Akita’s BMI = 17 Interpretation: the BMI falls between the above the 95th percentiles, which means that Akita is overweight. She does not have an appropriate weight for her age and stature (2 to 20 years: Girls Stature-for-age and Weight-for-age percentiles). Case 4: Jermain Date of birth (DOB) 4/01/2001 Date of visit (DOV) 10/12/2004 Weight = 10.9 Height = 88cm BMI = [weight in kg/ (height in cm] X 10,000 Jermain’s BMI = [10.9/ (88) 2 ] X 10,000 Jermain’s BMI = 14.1 Interpretation: the BMI falls below the 5th percentile, which means that Jermain is underweight. He does not have an appropriate weight for his age and stature (2 to 20 years: Boys Stature-for-age and Weight-for-age percentiles). Case5: Ted Date of birth (DOB) 11/24/1999 Date of visit (DOV) 8/12/2004 Weight = 20.2kg Height = 122cm BMI = [weight in kg/ (height in cm] X 10,000 Ted’s BMI = [20.2/ (115) 2 ] X 10.000 Ted’s BMI = 15.3 Interpretation: the BMI falls between the 75th and the 85th percentiles, which means that Ted is not overweight or undernourished. He has an appropriate weight for his age and stature (2 to 20 years: Boys Stature-for-age and Weight-for-age percentiles). Case6: Pedro Date of birth (DOB) 6/19/1992 Date of visit (DOV) 3/26/2001 Weight = 23.4kg Height = 126cm BMI = [weight in kg/ (height in cm] X 10,000 Pedro’s BMI = [20.2/ (115) 2 ] X 10.000 Pedro’s BMI = 14.7 Interpretation: the BMI falls between the 5th and the 10th percentiles, which means that Pedro is not overweight or undernourished. He has an appropriate weight for his age and stature (2 to 20 years: Boys Stature-for-age and Weight-for-age percentiles) Literary References Hoppin, A. G. (2004). Assessment and Management of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity. Web. Krisberg, K. (2004). Task Force Recommends Obesity Screening for Adults. The Nation’s Health , 34(1). Web. Schneider, M. (2006). Introduction to Public Health . Second Edition. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. 2 to 20 years: Boys Stature-for-age and Weight-for-age percentiles . Web. 2 to 20 years: Girls Stature-for-age and Weight-for-age percentiles . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Lanier Company’s Performance Promise and Customer Vision Case Study Lanier is one of the leading providers and distributors of the office equipment offering a wide range of products for individual users, small workgroups, larger offices, etc. Lanier’s Specific Programs aimed at ensuring providing the customer-driven services: * Performance Promise * Customer Vision The company sells specialized document and printing solutions aimed at overcoming business and workflow challenges. Performance Promise * If the product sold by a company does not perform to the customer’s satisfaction, it can be replaced. The replacement requires no charge. The product is replaced either with the same model or a model with comparable characteristics. * Five Year Guarantee for the services, parts, and supplies * Ninety days money back guarantee * Free loan systems for in case of unexpected circumstances * Ninety Four percent guaranteed uptime Customer Vision * building strong relationships with the customers * creating a customer-friendly environment for doing business * improving the products according to the customer needs * working on constant innovations to the products and services Importance of Development of Specific Programs (Performance Promise and Customer Vision) * The implementation of the programs helped the company to change its vision and the corporate culture * The programs enabled the company to provide increasing of the service quality and quality of the goods and engaging in the trustful and stable relationships with the customers * The programs helped the company to discover new niches in the market and become the leader in setting new standards in the industry + Execution of the CI strategy was crucial to enhancing the overall performance of the company due to the significant impact of CI on the effectiveness of all operations within the organization + CI is necessary for maintaining the continuous flow of the high-quality processes within the company + continuous improvement promoted by effective CI strategy implemented in the programs is essential for introduction and development of the innovative solutions aimed at improving the quality of performance of all departments within the organization, as Lanier is a complex and sophisticated mechanism with the codependent functioning units + Effective CI strategy implemented in the discussed programs ensure that different parts and departments of the organization develop and evolve simultaneously and reflect the company’s aim towards Total Quality Management CI Tools and Techniques Used for reinforcing the importance of quality services to customers and employees * Total Quality Management (aimed at establishing the appropriate corporate culture, which will contribute to the development of the continuous improvement) * Implementation of Kaizen principles (feedback, efficiency, and evolution) * Lean manufacturing (aimed at reducing the waste and promoting corporate social responsibility resulting in better relation with the customers) Total Quality Management * aimed at the improvement of the quality of the products and services * encouraged the implementation and development of various programs * contributed to changing the mission of the company and discovering a possible way of the service and product development. * assisted in emphasizing the importance of the quality of the services to its clients and employees Implementation of Kaizen principles * gradual improvement instead of radical changes * realization of small improvements made over a long period resulting in significant positive changes in the company services * constant evaluation of process performance as a ground for innovations * effective assessment of the scope of existing problems and the effects of employed improvements * effective assessment of opinions of all people involved in the process of providing the services * focus on maintaining strong personal discipline Lean Manufacturing * identifying waste, finding the cause and eliminating it * reducing the batch size, which enables to monitor the quality a reduce the likelihood of quality being poor in future batches * building flexibility into the production * accepting no defects and encouraging people to do things right from the first time * reducing overproduction Is Lanier Successful? The effective CI management has contributed to the development of the company’s sufficient corporate image and ability to remain the market leader with the assistance of the continuous improvement techniques, tools, and strategies. Proofs of the Company’s Success * The company remains the leader in sales in the office equipment segment * The applied programs cover all the areas of company’s activity requiring improvement in term of the service and product quality * The company has managed to change the fundamental principles of its corporate structure and emphasize the quality as a primary value of the organization Two main factors have contributed to the company’s success * continuous development effectively managed in all departments and areas simultaneously to provide functioning of the organization as a complex mechanism * consistent collection of measurements to develop the understanding whether the quality of the processes and services is evolving in the positive direction Continuous improvement is an essential element for the enhancement of the quality of products and services. Effective CI strategy employed by Lanier through its programs has ensured the company’s compatibility and success. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Concepts of Networking Essay The word ‘networking’ is obtained from the word ‘network’, which, is formed by joining two English words namely; ‘net’ and ‘work’. According to Computing-Dictionary.com (2011), networking can be defined as either “the working or organization of a network or the process of interconnecting more than or two computers for exchanging information.” The computers do not necessarily need to be in the same room; thus, networking cannot be limited by distance. In computing, networking forms the foundation of data sharing and communication between computers but the term has also received extended meanings. In computing, networking involves application of both computer hardware and computer software. SearchNetworking.com (2011) defines networking as “the construction, design, and use of a network that include physical devices, telecommunication protocol and computer software.” The definition further extends to management of the network and establishment of operation policies concerning the network. The physical devices involved in a “computer network include cables, router, bridge, hub, and switch” (SearchNetworking.com, 2011). As aforementioned, the word network is uniquely a juxtaposition of two English words, ‘net’ and ‘work’. Although the “two component words originate from Germanic stock, the juxtaposition was first made in English and later imitated by the Germans as ‘Netzwerk’… The Latin term ‘opus reticulatum’ literally means ‘net work’ and therefore it may have formed the prototype of the English word” (Briggs, 2004). ‘Opus Reticulatum’ is a type of brickwork ordered so that the mortar lines appear like a net. According to Briggs (2004), the earliest occurrence in English is in the Geneva bible of 1560 although the spelling appears differently in subsequent editions. The word is used in different situations throughout history from reticulate structures in animals and plants, rivers and canals, railways, distribution of electrical cables and later wireless broadcasting network in 1914. Today the word networking means different things beyond just computing. The common thing about all the definitions is that all of them originate from the literal meaning of joining. Networking means, “covering an item with an openwork fabric or structure” (Thefreedictionary.com, 2011). This implies that the covering of the item is termed networking. As noted earlier one of the latest use of the term network referred to wireless broadcasting, thus networking is used to mean broadcasting over a radio or television network and this broadcasting is mainly done without use of cables hence termed as wireless broadcasting. The latest invention of the use of the word networking is in the business and social settings. Here the basic meaning of the term has been applied in an intransitive state to mean interaction or engagement in informal communication with others for mutual assistance or support (Thefreedictionary.com, 2011). Further, it means forming business links and contacts through informal social confluences. This meaning has led to emergence of social networking websites like Facebook and Twitter, whose foundation is to provide a platform for connecting people. The meaning of the term networking has expanded to include communication, make contact, exchange information, mingle or meet. When friends locate each other on social networking sites, they term it as networking. The business community has also formed forums for sharing information and knowledge both formal and informal to improve their profitability, which is also termed as networking. Therefore, the term networking though a computing term, is applied to mean different things in different situations. The origin of the term and the literal meaning, follow the aspect of connection between several items where these items are either devices or people. References Briggs, K. (2004). Etymology of the words network, net, and work . Web. Computing-Dictionary. (2011). Networking . Web. Search Networking. (2011). N etworking . Web. Thefree dictionary. (2011). Networking . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Labor Division Pros and Cons Analytical Essay Introduction Employees are considered to be the most important asset in an organization. They provide the labor necessary for achieving the organizational goals and objectives. The manner in which labor is provided by the workers differs from organization to organization. For many large organizations workers provide specialized labor in the process known as division of labor is very popular. This paper will describe what is meant by this term and explain the advantages and disadvantages associated with division of labor. Definition Division of labor refers to the extent to which the tasks done in an organization can be separated into different jobs. These different jobs can then be undertaken by different people. The division of labor can also be referred to as specialization. Division of labor is more popular in large organizations where the workers have task differentiation. This process is favored since it leads to some favorable outcomes. Advantages There are a number of significant advantages attributed to division of labor. To begin with, it results in the efficient utilization of the organizational labor. Through division of labor, the individual worker is able to specialize in a particular task and perform it in the most effective and efficient manner. This high efficiency leads to greater organizational productivity. In addition to this, it results in reduced training costs as each worker only has to engage in a specialized task. Training new staff is therefore simplified since the employees do not have to learn many skills. Division of labor also leads to increased expertise since the worker engages in the same task over and over. Due to the repetition of tasks, the individual worker gains more proficiency in performing his work. Finally, division of labor increases the quality assurance of the organization. It does this by increasing the level of standardization and uniformity of the outputs produced through the work process. Disadvantages However, division of labor leads to some marked disadvantages. The first significant demerit is that it leads to boredom due to the routine and repetitive nature of the jobs. The increased specialization also causes reduced job satisfaction as the worker engages in repetitive work. There is little creativity required from the worker and this leads to lower satisfaction since the tasks are engaged in a mechanical manner. Another disadvantage is that it leads to decreased worker involvement and commitment to the job. The low level of commitment arises due to the lack of innovation or focus on employee initiative. Division of labor also causes worker alienation as worker work in isolation. Due to specialization, there is reduced interaction among the various workers in the organization. This causes alienation as the workers do not get to interact with each other as each is confined to his/her work area. Conclusion This paper set out to describe the division of labor process and provide its merits and demerits. It began by explaining that division of labor entails dividing the organization’s work into independent parts that can be done by different workers. It then highlighted the major advantages of this process including the increases efficiency and added expertise due to repetition. In addition to this, the paper has recognized that this process has major demerits including worker boredom and the decreased involvement and commitment of employees. However, many organizations continue to use the division of labor due to the significant benefits it brings to the organization. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
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