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Quantitative Reasoning for Business Coursework The European Union (EU) is arguably a global economic power. Internal trade within the EU accounts for about 19% of the total global trade (Bekaert, Harvey, & Lundblad, 2005, p. 54). Additionally, the EU is the largest trading partner of China, Russia, and the United States, which makes the Union a leading player in the global economy. Currently, the single market of 15 countries has adopted a single currency, the euro, and has been successful in removing internal trade barriers. Among the spectacular successes of the EU is the full integration of money, and bond markets, of the member countries. This has expanded the capital markets, which has led to a reduction in the cost of capital within the Eurozone. However, contrary to expectations, the economic growth within EU is low relative to non-EU countries. The growth performance within EU is variable with some countries such as Greece and Italy experiencing recessions and high inflation. Additionally, large differences in inflation within the Eurozone coupled with similar nominal rates create a large variation in real interest rates. This has affected employment across the EU region. The European Central Bank has responded through financial market reforms. This aims at increasing competition, efficiency, and further political integration. The strategies also aim to increase accessibility of financial instruments to national governments and remove internal trade barriers. This will attract more capital from domestic and foreign investors. In addition, fiscal and monetary coordination by the ECB will help reduce distortions created by variable interest rates. The price and wage-setting strategy will reduce the current inflation in some EU-member states, enhance price stability, and promote effective resource allocation to spur growth. Improved output and domestic demand will attract foreign investment into Eurozone. As a result, the welfare benefits of these structural reforms will enhance public acceptance and promote further integration. Reference Bekaert, G., Harvey, C., & Lundblad, C. (2005). Does Financial Liberalization Spur Growth? Journal of Financial Economics, 77 (1), 53-55. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
How Sociological Perspectives Approach Social Problems Essay Abstract Modern societies face a lot of social problems; violence, family breakups and divorce just to mention a few. These problems affect the society in various ways and call for corrective measures. To solve a social problem, it is imperative for one to have a sound knowledge about the problem in question. There are three main perspectives that sociologists apply in an effort to understand social problems. Symbolic interaction, conflict and functionalism are the most popular perspectives used by sociologists. This paper discusses how the three sociological perspectives can approach the problem of family break ups in the society. Divorce as a Sociological Problem A family is a very important social unit in the society. All the values and attributes of a society generate from the families in that society. Families play extremely vital roles in the society. It is in the society that the values of love, care and responsibility become propagated. The parents in the family help in molding the children into hardworking and responsible individuals who can support the societal structures. The success of a family largely depends on the unity of its members. However, recent studies indicate that family breakups are on the rise. Family breakups are a threat to the society and in an effort to seek for corrective measures; the sociologists can employ the three approaches. Sociologists can employ structural functional theory to understand this problem. The structural functional theorists view the society as a complex system that is made up of various organs (Anderson & Taylor, 2005). These organs perform distinctive roles, and the overall wellbeing of the society depends on how well the parts play their roles. These sociologists will view the family as a complex organ made up of various structures. These structures are parents and children. According to the structural-functionalist theorists, these structures have their roles to play in the family. The unity of the family will depend on how well the parents and the children play their roles. To investigate and understand this problem, the theorists will look into how well the structures execute their responsibilities in families that break up. Their assumption will be that family breakups are as a result of either the parents or the children failing to perform their tasks and responsibilities as expected of them. Indeed, most family breakups are as a result of the parents failing to meet their responsibilities. The society expects fathers to provide for their families. When they fail to do so, their families are likely to disintegrate. To the conflict theorists, the members of a society are always at conflict with each other. The conflicts result from political, social or even economical inequality existing in the society. The conflicts are largely responsible for the observed family breakups in the society (Brinkerhoff, White, & Ortega, 2007). The conflict theorists will approach the social issue with an assumption that there are existing conflicts in the families. To these theorists, family breakups may be as a result of conflict between the parents and the children, between the children themselves and between the parents in a family. When the interests of the father conflicts with those of the mother, disunity is likely to be observed in the family (Levete, 2010). Conflict theorists argue that in a society members are not united, and they differ in several ways. Children from the same family may show a lot of variations. The differences can also lead to conflicts which may ultimately divide the families. The symbolic interaction theorists argue that there are a lot of symbols in the society. The symbols include languages, gestures and objects in the environment (Anderson & Taylor, 2005). In a family, people may interpret symbols differently. An action or gesture done in good faith by one family member may mean something heinous to another family member (Harrison & Levete, 2009). This can cause conflicts in the family that may lead to breakups. The meanings that people attach to symbols depend on their social interactions in the environment. With the changing times, symbols are much likely to bear conflicting meanings to the parents and the children. In particular, a fashion held dear by a child may be highly detested by the old fashioned father. This may lead to conflicts which when not handled well may disintegrate the family. References Anderson, M. L., & Taylor, H. F. (2005). Understanding a diverse society. Florence: Cengage Learning. Brinkerhoff, D. B., White, L. K., & Ortega, S. T. (2007). Essentials of Sociology. Florence: Cengage Learning. Harrison, P., & Levete, S. (2009). Family Break-ups. London: Hodder Children’s Division. Levete, S. (2010). Taking Action against Family Breakups. New York: Rosen Pub Group. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Vocational Choices of Men and Women” by Gottfredson Essay In this article, the authors discussed the theory of self-directed search (SDS) elaborated by Holland. It proposed a scale of various types of personality conformity to different vocational environments (Gottfredson & Holland, 1975). In other words, this theory implies assessing the compatibility of an individual with a certain vocational setting. The degree of compatibility of the personality type with the professional environment is inversely proportional to the distance between the corresponding vertices. Considering the vocational orientation of the inclinations and abilities of the participants, the authors used classical vocational guidance methods with a high level of validity. With the help of the selected tool, general characteristics of professional orientation, the personal inclination to different types of activities, and the professional orientation of a person to determine the level of readiness for adequate professional choice were studied. In the course of the research, the formation of gender socialization was analyzed. It was found that a significant dependence of a stereotype representation about certain personality traits exists in the participants. For the analysis, the following series of factors were highlighted: the assessment of the overall attractiveness of daydreaming elements, the strength of personality, social status, modernity, femininity (traditionally “female” qualities), and masculinity (traditionally “male” qualities). The authors were more interested in gender stereotypes regarding men’s and women’s vocational choices. The coefficient of conjugacy revealed a significant level of dependence between stereotypes in personal gender characteristics and the formation of gender identity. Based on the findings in men and women, a set of traditional gender behavior characteristics, opportunities, and expectations was generated. Namely, it was detected that both examined genders have a stereotyped set of specific personality traits related to gender. The results reflect the gender stereotypes of young men and women in the vocational sphere. The article’s findings prove that women are more prone to select social occupations such as Arts colleges and other social institutions. At the same time, the authors suggest that this is caused by the intention of women to teaching processes, which make them consider social activities. However, the above prediction cannot be considered perfect since the marginal distribution may be varied. In their turn, male participants of the study may be characterized by selecting investigative and artistic daydreaming codes. This means that the cultural bias exists in the prediction of male and female vocational preferences, while the validity of this study can be traced in an attempt to reduce this bias. References Gottfredson, G. D., & Holland, J. L. (1975). Vocational choices of men and women: A comparison of predictors from the self-directed search. Journal of Counseling Psychology , 22 (1), 28-34. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“It Doesn’t Have to Be PowerPoint” by Tim Macer Essay (Article) Article Summary This article is an analysis of the usefulness of PowerPoint presentations to today’s research. The author of the article is a senior research fellow at Southampton University. The article begins by noting the current close connection between research presentations and PowerPoint. The article also reflects on how things used to be done before the advent of PowerPoint. Before Microsoft introduced PowerPoint, the process of making presentations was tedious and time-consuming. Therefore, the article notes that no one is nostalgic about the past way of making presentations. According to the article, PowerPoint has been the presentation tool of choice since its introduction two decades ago (Macer, 2010). This is according to recent statistics that indicate that PowerPoint is used in more than fifty percent of all presentations done by research companies today. It is noted that this number is even higher in larger companies. The article continues by noting some drawbacks that are associated with the use of PowerPoint. The first of these is that PowerPoint tends to prioritize some information. Another example is that this tool is likely to dilute the meaning of certain data. The author of this article also notes that PowerPoint is no longer just a presentation tool. It is also a means of storing data. The problem with market researchers using Powerpoint as a tool of data publishing is also noted. The article then lists viable alternatives to PowerPoint. These alternatives include a list of six software programs and their uses in research presentations. Examples of these tools include Info Tools, Dapresy Pro, Q, and Gapminder. The article concludes by stating that the assumption that PowerPoint is the only research tool out there has to be challenged. This is because there are various other tools that can perform the tasks of PowerPoint even better. Reflective Summary The author of this article addresses a very important subject matter. This is because, as noted in the article, the world of market research is synonymous with PowerPoint (Macer, 2010). Currently, it is widely believed that a research presentation is never complete without a PowerPoint presentation. However, the author seems to discredit the effectiveness of PowerPoint on account of its popularity. The argument forwarded on why researchers should consider switching to another tool is somehow unsatisfactory. This is in spite of the fact that this is a well-informed and researched argument. The reason why this article failed to convince me of the ineptitudes of PowerPoint is that the author failed to address the reasons why PowerPoint is so popular. The article only seems to try to convince researchers to explore other options. One of the reasons why PowerPoint is so popular is because it is simple to use. This article touts the migration from simple tools to complex ones. Not many researchers would be convinced to do so. Most of them agree that “if it is not broken, do not fix it.” This article can be of help to my future research. This is because the author discusses software programs that seem very helpful. The article specifically mentions Dapresy Pro, a software program that makes it possible to make multi-user presentations (Macer, 2010). This is usually a challenge when using PowerPoint. The possibility of such a presentation is enough motivation to make me try this tool. Although this article did not convince me to migrate from PowerPoint, I would recommend it to fellow researchers. The author inputs some very important information on software programs that can be an alternative to PowerPoint. Most of these are hitherto unknown to researchers today. Reference Macer, T. (2010). It doesn’t have to be PowerPoint. International Journal of Market Research, 53 (1), 123-125. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Social and Economic Inequality in the United States Essay (Critical Writing) Table of Contents 1. Negative Reactions to Women on Welfare in America 2. Perceptions of Welfare for Farmers 3. Perceptions of Welfare for Financial Institutions 4. Article Analysis 5. Reference Negative Reactions to Women on Welfare in America I believe that there is a strong negative reaction to women on welfare for two reasons: First, the general public perceives welfare for women, especially single mothers, as a government handout to assist individuals who suffer the consequences of their bad choices, such as poor family planning and unprotected sex. These stereotypes are prevalent in the US. The second reason is that welfare is primarily focused on poor women rather than men, creating a discrepancy seen as favoritism. Perceptions of Welfare for Farmers Assistance to American farmers is perceived differently because farming and agriculture are associated with jobs as well as provisional security of the country. It is expected that thriving agriculture will pay for welfare it receives through taxes. Perceptions of Welfare for Financial Institutions The general public is negative about subsidies to the Wall Street financial institutions but believes them to be necessary to prevent the collapse of the banking sector. Article Analysis The article I read did challenge some of my views regarding handouts and the effectiveness of education. However, the article, just like most other ‘Top Ten’ lists, misinterprets the information in order to fit their narrative. Single parenthood is an issue recognized by social workers and the academic community at large. One of the first claims of the article states that “only 9 percent of low-income, urban moms have been single throughout their child’s first five years. Thirty-five percent were married to, or in a relationship with, the child’s father for that entire time” (Eichelberger, 2014, par. 1). This quote confirms what has already been known and stated in various sources, that over 45% of low-income mothers are left single to raise a child on their own. Additional expenses on children do not vanish after 5 years of age, as children require money for clothing, hobbies, and education, further exacerbating the issue. As a social worker, I would seek income assistance to poor clients based not on the national poverty rate, which is often two times lower than the minimal living rate for more than 620 cities (Eichelberger, 2014). Instead, I would advocate for connecting income assistance with the average prices of living in a particular location. Reference Eichelberger, E. (2014). 10 poverty myths, busted. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Violence and War in Japanese Popular Culture Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Aim 3. Discussions 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Introduction The bombing of Hiroshima on 6 th August, 1945 and of Nagasaki three days later by the US led to the death of more than 200,000 men, women and children. More than 130,000 inhabitants died of radiation related poisoning over the next five years. Despite bringing an end to the 2 nd World War, the wartime experience and its aftermath has continued to be discussed by the Japanese and non-Japanese literary writers. 50 years after the end of the war, the effects of the war have continued to influence the Japanese culture and have also affected its relations with other countries. Aim The aim of this paper is to discuss how the violence and war in Japan have influenced the culture of its people. Discussions The Japanese culture has been greatly influenced by the experiences from the war, a look at the popular comic series, Manga, heavily reveals this (Penney, para.1). According to Lamarre Thomas’ Speciesism, part I: Translating races into Animals in Wartime Animation, the use of racial conscious themes in both the Japanese and American media, was very widespread (Lammare 2). The author points to the Japanese depicting the Americans as failures, demons or ogres in retaliation to the US media referring to them as animals, the most commonly used animal was the monkey or ape (Lammare 1). The idea behind this animalization of the Japanese was to strip away their humanity thereby apply the animal qualities to them during the post-war period. It is this animalization that is referred to as speciesism and is defined as a displacement of race and racism. It involves the attribution of negative characteristics to animated beings and extending the traits to humans. In the animated film Momotaro: umi no shinpei , the representation of the Americans and Britons in human forms with horns depicted them as demonic creatures who would be chased away by the purity and vigor of the Japanese during war. America is depicted as a child of twelve who has refused to grow up in one of Manga’s editions, Ambassador Atom . This is depicted by the use of a robot (which doesn’t grow), the final scene shows aliens sending an adult face to Atom, an attempt to force maturity of the Americans (Eiji 3). Animation provided a platform for the Japanese to practice speciesism against their American counterparts through the use of animals in animated films. This is due to the fact that these animals were flexible and therefore they could switch to any life form. Use of animations also made possible all manners of deformation on the human form as it imparted a different sense of power on the human forms, common with animals. Another animated television series shows an Atom achieve peace through the pursuance of justice by ‘defeating’ wrong deeds; this depicted the achievement of peace through the formation of a Japanese force and signing of a pact between the two countries. Pictorial forms were also used by the Japanese in the manga from the 1930s with Disney-like bodies, a notable artist is Oshiro Noboru who worked for Mars Exploration , and it is these early works that were used for reference by the manga creators. Conclusion The use of Speciesism and animation by Japanese writers during and after the war placed them in the path of a conflict with its enemies, especially the Americans, who also used pictorial forms to portray the Japanese as apes. This style also set course for its use in latter day works. Works Cited 1. Eiji, Otsuka, and LaMarre, Thomas. Disarming atom: Tezuka Osamu’s Manga at war and peace . 2008. 2. LaMarre, Thomas. Speciesism, part I: translating races into animals in wartime animation. 2008. 3. Penney, Mathew. War and Japan: the non-fiction Manga of Mizuki . (n.d.). 2010. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Symbolic Role of Green Color in “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight” Essay In various genres of arts, color is one of the most prominent features that symbolize different aspects of human life. Various artists use colors in different ways to express some meaning or emotions. In the medieval poem “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”, the unknown poet employs the use of color as a literal strategy to create and express some concealed meanings (Borroff, 1967. Specifically, the poet uses green, gold, and red colors to symbolize different aspects as well as create contrast in the story line. Nevertheless, green is the most prominent color that the poet uses throughout the story, which implies that it must have special meaning or important information about the various objects and subjects in the narrative. Color green plays the central role in the poem, especially because the main character is associated with it. Green Knight, the main character has an axe, horse, and skin and all of them are green in color. The character is described as having an entire green color, contrast to the color of common people as the poet says, “…all green was this man” (Borroff, 1967). The actual name of the character “Green Knight” is not provided, but throughout the poem, the person is described as “green” and thus the color green describe the person himself. In the medieval times, colors had some special meanings and the poem reflects the common themes of the time. For example, green color was used to describe the power of nature, young age, and the power of some wild animals and plants. The Green Knight appears to the closer to nature than the other people in his society. Indeed, he has some superficial powers not common to other people (Borroff, 1967. For example, when Gawain cuts off his head, he does not die but takes the head and goes away with it. From a closer examination, it is possible that the Green Knight resembles plants and their behaviors. If the head of most plants is cut off, they do not die but continue flourishing as long as the stem and roots are working and the appropriate environment is provided. In the same way, color green is used to describe youthfulness. Young people are energetic and agile and are able to survive certain environmental conditions or stresses that older people cannot endure. The Green Knight is a young, agile, and energetic nobleman. Few powers can undermine his abilities and powers in the environment, including Sir Gawain. Even after his head is cut off, he does not bow down to external forces but continues to thrive as he is still a young and energetic individual. In addition, it appears that color green is a symbol of victory and honor. In the poem, when Sir Gawain secretly receives a green and golden belt, he gains power over the Green Knight. However, this victory does not last long because he later discovers that the belt was Green Knight’s possession, which brings shame to Sir Gawain. After the defeat of Dir Gawain, other knights decide to make and wear green belts as a reminder of victory and fair play (Borroff, 1967. Consequently, color green is used to symbolize honor and victory in the poem. It should be noted that the contrast between green and red colors is a representation or symbolism of the conflicts between the various characters and themes in the poem. For example, there is a conflict between wild and chivalry, which represent the chaotic powers in nature (Borroff, 1967. These powers reside inside the personality of knights and every nobleman should struggle with the internal conflict that the two powers present. In the medieval times, the society expected the nobles to confront the wild in them and emerge as honest and conveyed individuals. Reference Borroff, M. (1967). Sir Gawain and the Green Knight . Norton. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
TED Talk “Teach Every Child About Food” Report (Assessment) Communication with other people is an essential instrument for the generation of ideas and making breakthroughs. As Johnson (2010) puts it, great discoveries are commonly conducted not, for example, in the laboratories where scientists work, but in the conference rooms where these scientists discuss what they have found. However, the problem with several people’s collaboration is that they all have different social and cultural backgrounds and worldviews. Nonetheless, according to Flower (2003), these differences should not be regarded as a hindrance to effective collaboration. Instead, they are the source for creating a more profound understanding of any issue (Flower, 2003). From this, it could be inferred that ethical communication and collaborating with others to generate ideas could not be established in a team guided by prejudices and the absence of tolerance to people with alternative views or beliefs. The chosen TED Talk is Teach every child about food by Jamie Oliver, a British chef. This TED Talk was chosen because Oliver (2010) discusses the problem of childhood obesity that is a significant problem in communities worldwide. Oliver (2010) persuades the audience of the importance of his position from the first second of his talk. More precisely, he starts the performance with a horrifying statistic: four US citizens will die because of obesity during the nearest 18 minutes of his speech. By the way, Oliver (2010) uses a lot of statistical facts during his speech. This strategy is immensely effective because the audience could always argue with the correctness of a speaker’s judgment but could hardly disagree with the statistical data. What is more, in his speech, Oliver (2010) also refers to his experience of working at schools kitchens. This signifies that the audience is listening to someone who knows what he is talking about and could be trusted. Finally, I would like to ask you, what strategies would you employ if you have to persuade a school’s administration to change the menu to protect students from obesity? References Flower, L. (2003). Talking across difference: Intercultural rhetoric and the search for situated knowledge. College Composition and Communication, 55(1), 38-68. Web. Johnson, S. (2010). Where good ideas come from . TED . Web. Oliver, J. (2010). Teach every child about food . TED . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
LED Blackboard’s Marketing Mix and Strategies Essay The marketing mix is an effective evaluation tool that can help develop an efficient marketing strategy for a product. The 4Ps of the marketing mix are product, promotion, price and placing (Goyal 2013). Boehner and Gold (2012) note that pricing and promotion are essential dimensions when it comes to innovative products. It is necessary to add that many distribution channels are available nowadays, and placing does not play a crucial role in the success of the product. The dimension ‘product’ is important but when it comes to innovations, it is beneficial to focus on the other two dimensions as the potential consumer is unaware of the advantages of the product offered. The illuminated sign blackboard LED is an innovative product ( Shenzhen Suocai Electronic Technology Co. 2015). Its potential can be considered with the help of the marketing mix or rather the two essential dimensions. As far as the pricing is concerned, it is necessary to focus on a number of factors. Al Badi (2015) mentions some of the pricing methods widely used including cost-based, demand-based and competition-based. The price for the product in question can be developed using the cost- and demand-based approaches. The competitive-based approach can be applicable in some markets (at least, for now) as there is quite insignificant competition since the product is new. When it comes to the global market, it is necessary to note that the product’s price will depend on certain peculiarities of the market. It can be lower in developing countries where the demand is not very high. Clearly, the price can be higher in markets where the demand is high, and the buying power is also considerable. It is noteworthy that the price can be lower when entering new markets where the demand is potentially low. People will acknowledge the benefits of the product, and the demand will inevitably grow. Promotion is another important dimension. Al Badi (2015) states that this has become the central dimension in the modern world, and the success of innovative products depends on efficient promotion strategies used. The promotion has become the basic dimension due to the peculiarity of contemporary society where people have become accustomed to the abundance of products. Clearly, it is beneficial to enter the global market and, hence, it is necessary to develop a proper international strategy. Wong (2014) stresses that there should be a comprehensive international strategy, but promotion in each market should be slightly shaped as regards cultural peculiarities. The overall promotion strategy of the product in question should include the focus on sustainability. The global trend is social and environmental responsibility. Therefore, it is crucial to stress that the blackboards contribute to solving the burning issues associated with major environmental problems. Furthermore, it is also necessary to emphasize the product’s efficiency. The blackboard consumes significantly less energy than other types of signs currently used. This economic factor can be decisive for many potential customers. Innovation is another important facet of the product to concentrate on. Modern people see innovation as a part of contemporary life, and each wants to have innovative things. The advertising campaign should focus on owners of cafes, bars, restaurants, hotels and so on. It is necessary to highlight such advantages as attractiveness and non-conventional approach. At that, it is possible to come up with other areas of the use of the product. Apart from the messages to be articulated, it is crucial to consider proper channels for communication. Clearly, the Internet offers a variety of opportunities. Social network sites have to be employed extensively when promoting the product (Goyal 2015). An interesting promotional strategy can be sharing ideas (or photos with the product) concerning various uses of blackboards. This can be an efficient platform to market such an innovative product. Clearly, conventional channels (like TV or print media) should also be utilized. As for the peculiarities of markets, it is necessary to take into account cultural, regional and economic factors. When it comes to developed countries, sustainability should be emphasized. However, since many businesses have not recovered from the financial crisis, efficiency should also be mentioned. Clearly, when entering a market, it is essential to evaluate a particular demand. If the region has a lot of bars, restaurants and hotels, the advertising resources should have corresponding images. However, in the area where such places are scarce, it is essential to focus on other uses such as stores, schools and even churches ( Shenzhen Suocai Electronic Technology Co. 2015). It is also possible to concentrate on some events such as weddings, birthday parties and so on. In conclusion, it is possible to note that such dimensions of the marketing mix as promotion and pricing are central when marketing such an innovative product as the illuminated sign blackboard LED. As for pricing, demand- and cost-based strategies should be basic. When promoting, innovation and sustainability should be core messages. At that, it is essential to take into account some cultural peculiarities of markets. The brief analysis of the two dimensions shows that the product in question can be popular worldwide if certain methods are utilized. Reference List Al Badi, KS 2015, ‘The dimensions of marketing mix’, Management and Organizational Studies , vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 136-142. Boehner, R & Gold, S 2012, ‘ Modeling the impact of marketing mix on the diffusion of innovation in the generalized bass model of firm demand’, Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning , vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 75-91. Goyal, A 2013, Innovations in services marketing and management: strategies fro emerging economies , IGI Global, Hershey, PA. Shenzhen Suocai Electronic Technology Co., Ltd 2015, Web. Wong, HY 2014, ‘The mediating role of innovation in strategic international marketing’, in B Christiansen (ed), Handbook of research on effective marketing in contemporary globalism , IGI Global, Hershey, PA, pp. 27-47. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Sigmund Freud on Hysteria Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. A case study of Desire and Discontent 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction In the “Etiology of Hysteria” Sigmund Freud based his argument on the Seduction Theory. In this theory, he argued that only early childhood sexual molestation could cause hysteria. Hysteria is a condition in which the subconscious mind attempts to reduce stress. It results from a weak biological and neurological body system. Therefore, hysteria is hereditary most of the times. Hysteria has a trigger effect caused by traumatic events like an accident or a molestation ordeal (Gay and Freud 96). A case study of Desire and Discontent At first, Freud attributed hysteria with “real experiences”. These real experiences at childhood appeared during adulthood causing hysteria. However, after a year Freud abandoned this Theory of Seduction. Together with other neurologists, they came up with the Psychoanalytic Theory. In this theory, nurture but not nature was the main cause of hysteria. Through the study of people suffering from mental disturbances, hysteria symptoms included constant seizures, paralysis, hallucinations and amnesia. Hysteria was a social but not a physical condition. (Gay and Freud 99) In his “Letters to Fleiss” Freud turned to Biology and Pathology to unlock the jinx of hysteria. Hysteria is a condition of the mind that consists of mental processes, which are unreal. These processes include memory, affection and motivation. In the Psychoanalytic Theory, unconscious processes take place in the form of slips of the mind, dreams and visions (Gay and Freud 114) along with forgotten memories that still linger in the mind and implicit knowledge (things learnt before). Three main reasons as to why Freud rejected his earlier theory are lack of therapeutic success, unlikely number of perverts in the population of Vienna and the nature of the unconscious mind. Freud was a neurologist. He used to treat patients suffering from mental and psychological diseases. He had a peculiar interest in women and most of his patients were women. In the given case, he discussed two of his patients, namely Dora and Anna using therapeutic treatment. Patients put through therapy sessions discussed their personal lives (Gay and Freud 115). After studying the social and sexual behaviors of Dora and Anna, Freud related them to their hysterical conditions. He tried to bring the patient’s mind to the original event without them knowing (unlocking the unconscious mind). He viewed women as the passive gender followed by hysterical condition. He concluded that hysteria was a condition of the mind which only occurred in women. Dora eventually abandoned treatment; on the other hand, Anna’s condition was diagnosed as epilepsy, but not hysteria. Freud’s understanding of women was limited and biased hence the failure of his therapeutic treatment. He argued that women were psychologically and emotionally weak and they could not handle stress. Traumatic events had a triggering force to hysteria as argued by Freud. People do not easily forget something that happened to them or took place in their presence. In future, these vivid memories are always present in a person’s mind and a slight provocation similar to the previous experience can cause hysteria (Gay and Freud 115). The second reason for Freud to abandon his Seduction Theory was the unlikely number of perverts in the population of Vienna. Men are active partners in sex who enjoy it unlike women who are passive partners and are likely to detest sexual molestation. With time, men become obsessed with sex and seek to satisfy this desire at any available opportunity which is clear in cases of sexual molestation of both children and women by men. Based on his Seduction Theory, Freud was unable to cope with the numerous cases of sexual abuse on women in Vienna at that time. Eventually, he had to come up with a better and efficient mode of treatment for his increasing female patients. The third reason for Freud to abandon his earlier Seduction Theory was his extensive studies on the nature of the unconscious mind. He mostly based his findings on the assessment and treatment of mentally disturbed patients through the Psychoanalytic Theory. He treated his patients by trying to unmask their unconscious minds. He defined the unconscious mind as the component of the mind that is beyond our own awareness. It is the complete opposite of the conscious mind. Freud strongly believed that the unconscious mind is powerful and influential in shaping a person’s behavior and his or her decisions (Gay and Freud 116). Most of the times, the memories brought or aroused by the unconscious mind are unpleasant and unacceptable. It is less complex, flexible and action-oriented than the conscious mind. Thus, it is dormant or sleeping possessing inner forces that drive our behavior and reactions. Freud’s study on the unconscious mind revolved around abnormal thoughts and behavior. Finally, Freud concluded that the unconscious mind had an overwhelming influence on mental processes. Conclusion The unconscious mind has a major effect on our mental processes. It determines our behavior and character, therefore, it is active. Hysteria is a social and not a physical condition. Some of Freud’s theories are still being used today in the field of neurology. Works Cited Gay, Peter and Freud, Sigmund. The Freud Reader, New York, W.W. Norton, 1995. Reprint. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Nate Silver and the FiveThirtyEight Website Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Signal and the Noise 3. The authenticity of the predictions in the FiveThirtyEight 4. Conclusion Introduction Nate Silver is the owner of the FiveThirtyEight polling website in the US. Interesting, this website was accurate in predicting the outcome of the electoral vote and popular vote for all of the 50 states in the US during the 2012 presidential elections. This analytical treatise will present Silver’s views on the relevance of statistical tools. Besides, the treatise will review the significance of the FiveThirtyEight website. The Signal and the Noise The video is about Nate Silver discussing predictions of winners of the District of Columbia and the other 50 states during the 2012 presidential elections. Silver accurately made predictions between the popular vote and electoral vote. Silver argues that many predictions fail because of the approach and evidence. Also referred to as the secondary rationalization, Silver argues that the accuracy of a prediction is determined by the strategic profiling of the statistical variables involving players in the stages of the larger prediction. Thus, the behavior and reliability of data will constitute the perfect results via backward induction of the main premise. Through backward induction of the numerous outcomes that are likely to occur within the prediction, the analyst is in a position to simultaneously eliminate branches consisting of noncredible moves identified during data verification. After limited predictions, any rational opponent among the analysts will be automatically precluded from repeating the previous decision to ensure that no credible moves are eliminated. By choosing premise options that are likely to optimize the final accuracy level of each prediction, the finite horizon will be consisting of perfect statistical sampling of each of the variables. This may be achieved by extensive rationalization through statistical testing that is influenced by getting perfect information before the actual prediction. The series of finite predictions that are of extensive nature will eventually lead to a final prediction that represents perfect results when the statistical tool is relevant. The authenticity of the predictions in the FiveThirtyEight Despite having made several correct and nearly accurate predictions, the FiveThirtyEight website may negatively attract the interests of an analyst, especially on the premise and the process of developing the predictions. There are several methods of measuring the central tendency and validity of statistical data. It is important to develop the underlying rationale for the purpose of statistical uniformity. The approach by Silver and his team may not give long term predictions that are correct since it considers the 50/50 and the 80/20 assumptions. Besides, in statistical analysis, it is healthy to appreciate the dynamics of numbers in different environments. The numbers may not present accurate focus when the same approach is used in more than one test. Silver does not trust the accuracy of some of his predictions, despite depending on a vigorous statistical framework. He had to hire Mr. Pielke to manage the climate prediction analysis. Reflectively, it is impractical to make predictions base on just numbers. A good analysis must understand a subject, dynamics within the subject, and the rationale for certain inferences. It is not accurate to depend on mere numbers to draw sensible predictions. Therefore, this website cannot give equal credence since the impression of objectively is only driven by the data prognosticator. This was evident during the 2012 elections when some predictions were off the limit by a big margin. Conclusion Silver’s website is not authentic since the primary premise for deduction is base on just the numbers. These numbers may not represent the actual prediction in different subjects or statistical environments. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
But for all the similarities the educational institutions share, they have highly contrasting end results. In my opinion, high school is the basis upon which the solid foundation of our college lives shall be based upon. College then serves as the jumping board for the responsible adults that we finally evolve into. That is why the educational systems have markedly different teaching and learning styles. High school and college are fun times that we experience during our stint in the educational system. But, the kind of fun that we have to vary on different levels due to the responsibilities entailed as a person. In high school, we have a lot of fun socially, because we are teenagers who are newly experiencing what life has to offer. We are young and carefree and have enough time on our hands to fulfill our educational obligations as well as our social needs. In college, however, we are now young adults who are experiencing the newfound freedom of being on our own for the first time and making our own decisions that will affect our future. Both times allow us to mature as individuals, to a certain degree. Education-wise, high school is the time for us to ponder our strengths and weaknesses as students and to realize what our potential future occupation might be. In other words, we lay the foundation, the groundwork if you may, for our college education. For some students, high school is not really that much fun because of the way the educational system dictates what we learn, how we learn it and grades us according to our perceived academic strengths and weaknesses. We learn what we have force-fed information because most subjects could be of no interest to us because what we learn in high school will help us decide on our ambitions and future college courses. But, the forced feeding then poses a degree of difficulty when it comes to learning and/or excelling within any particular learning area. College, on the other hand, offers a much more engaging and enjoyable academic experience due to the fact that we are more in control of our education. College is the first step towards fulfilling our lifelong ambitions and dreams. This time, we choose the subject we want to study and concentrate on an academic area that interests us or that we excel in. The grades this time around are based upon how much time and effort we put into what academically interests us as students. High school was the dry run for our future young adult lives. We learned the rudimentary social skills that will help us deal with the diverse personalities that shall be part of our lives when we enter college. On the other hand, college life is our jumping board as full-fledged adults. We learn the art of negotiation and social blending. We also learn the skills that we will need in order to succeed in our chosen occupation upon graduation. I, therefore, repeat my previous statement that high school and college are different due to the end results that are produced. High school is the time that the child is separating from the young adult while college is that time in our lives when the young adult is slowly emerging as an improved version of his younger self. If you want more proof of what I am saying, take the time to talk to your parents about their high school and college experiences. Then ask them the same questions I posed above. I am sure you will be amazed at the imaginative answers you will receive from them. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
People on earth who subscribe to a specific religion or belong to a certain faith representing a religious group would have to act in certain similar ways repeatedly. The first criterion I would use to determine whether people are religious is to determine whether they meet at various places of worship on a regular basis. The second criterion would involve observing people’s behavior at certain public events. This second criterion would involve analyzing whether the people perform any religious acts before, during, and/or after these public gatherings. Based on the first criterion of religious persons meeting at certain places on regular basis, people on earth can be said to be religious. One particular religious group, whose religion is called Christianity, meets every Sunday at a place of worship called a Church. A second religious group, Islam, meets every Friday at a house of worship known as a Mosque. Similarly, there are many other religious groups with similar practices of frequenting houses of worship; for instance, a religious group known as Judaism has a place of worship known as a Synagogue. Such a pattern is repeated the world over and people have diverse names for their religions but the meeting in venerated places from which they give reverence to their various gods and seek guidance from these gods underscores the commonality in the different religious groups. People on earth also fit the second criterion for being religious because all public functions of importance in the different societies across the world contain elaborate rituals that seek divine providence from a supposed ‘higher’ being. Many public functions, from simple social functions like weddings, birthday celebrations, and initiation ceremonies, to more critical functions like swearing in of leaders from different communities, nations, and regions involve elaborate religious rituals. During these functions, people appeal to their different ‘higher beings’ for guidance and divine providence. Religion, whose characteristics and behavioral manifestations in people on earth are as earlier stated, performs various functions. Firstly, religion acts as a source of communal unity (Culbertson, 2011, p.40). People belonging to the various stated religious groups identify one another as spiritual brothers and sisters. For instance, a person professing the Christian faith (Christian) regards members of Christianity as spiritual brethrens and constructs his or her sense of existence through this religion and a similar construct applies to members of other religious groups. A specific religious group acts as larger family that the members can identify with and from which they draw a sense of togetherness. Secondly, religion acts as a source of social guidance and offers a moral guideline that members can reflect on at times of difficulties and uncertainties, or simply for reflective purposes (Becker, 1991, p.147). Most, if not all of the religions own specific religious books from which lessons on living, spiritual guidance, and other such matters are discussed. These books act as the sole points of reference for social and moral guidance for members of these different religions. Since many religious groups meet regularly on weekly basis, reinforcement and re-dedication to the religious edicts is ensured. In conclusion, from observation, people on earth can be called religious. They meet regularly in places of worship and perform religious rituals in nearly all their socio-communal activities, fitting the criteria for religiosity earlier developed. Religion also functions as a major guide to the daily lives of most of the people on earth. References Becker, C. B. (1991). From pain to philosophy: on functions of art and religion. Journal of Religion & Psychical Research , 14(3), 144-150. Culbertson, K. (2011). How places of worship help build community. Planning , 77(2), 40. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Value Creation in Spa Resorts and Hotels Essay The process of globalization strongly affects hospitality institutions and spa resorts. In particular, it enables them to create extra value for their customers. This effect is achieved in several ways. First of all, modern hotels as well as spa can provide more efficient training to their employees (Dwyerr & Forsyth 2006, p. 470). Judging from my own service encounters, I can tell that many hotels emphasize the fact that the members of their personnel were trained abroad. These people could learn the best practices adopted in the leading hotel chains throughout the world. Such international cooperation can increase customer’s satisfaction. Therefore, this approach enables to add more value to their services. Secondly, globalization allows companies to better establish their brands in foreign countries. This is also a part of value creation. For example, there are many brands are recognized internationally, and the customers are ready to pay more to such organizations. In my, opinion in this way, hotels are able to increase the perceived value of their services. Thirdly, one has to mention the forces of globalization, and especially the development of online technologies enabled companies to better advertise their services to foreign customers. Previously, they were hardly able to do it. Thus, it is quite possible for me to say that hospitality organizations attempt to add extra value to their services, and they benefit from various aspects of globalization. At this point, it is necessary for me to show how spas attempt to distinguish themselves in this market. It should be noted that spas already have extra value, because these resorts offer different forms of treatment to the visitors. Nonetheless, nowadays spa resorts have become very widespread. Many hotels offer spa therapy to their clients, and it is extremely difficult for any organization to gain competitive advantage. This is why spa resorts have to develop new ways of attracting customers. One of them is the promotion of LGBT tourism. Many resorts organize events for such tourists and provide gay infrastructure, for example, restaurants, bars, and so forth (Robinson, Heitmann & Dieke 2011, p. 220). This approach enables spa resorts and hotels to differentiate themselves among others and attract customers who were previously uninterested in their services. One should bear in mind that LGBT tourism is another manifestation of the globalization process. The thing is that the hotels, which have LGBT infrastructure, are visited by tourists from different countries. Additionally, one should take into account that such practice is possible in a country in which there is little or no prejudice against LGBT community. Overall, I can say that in the future, the attention toward LGBT tourism will only increase, and more spas or hotels will attend to the needs of this population. Finally, many spa resorts as well as some hotels attempt to diversify their services. For example, they provide aromatherapy, facials, massage, weight guidance, yoga training, and so forth. Thus, one can argue that such word as spa can hardly be reduced only to water baths. On the whole, I can argue that this variety of services is an essential part of value creation. On the basis of this discussion, I can single out several strategies which help hotels and spas add extra value, namely, cross-border trading, brand development, and increased online advertisement. Secondly, these organizations try to target new customers, for example, LGBT communities. Finally, they try to widen the range of the services that they offer to the clients. References Dwyerr, L. & Forsyth, P. 2006. International handbook on the economics of tourism . London: Edward Elgar Publishing. Robinson, P. Heitmann S., & Dieke, P. Research themes for tourism . London: CABI, 2011. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Save the Rhino, Save the Plant” Summary Essay (Article Review) At present, many species of plants and animals are in direct danger of extinction. As reported by The Economist (2022), this issue is particularly noticeable in the case of Sumatran rhinos, which are essential to the preservation of plants. Namely, seventy-nine known plants in Southeast Asia require to go through an animal’s digestive system to germinate, and Sumatran rhinos are the only species capable of this process regarding all local flora (The Economist, 2022). As a result, if the Sumatran rhinos become extinct, humanity might face a reduced variety of invaluable plants. The experts suggest that other animal species might preserve the flora in Southeast Asia as well. However, Dr. McConkey and Dr. Campos-Arceiz conducted a comparative analysis of local fauna and found that Sumatran rhinos were irreplaceable (The Economist, 2022). Ultimately, other local animal species consume only fifty-seven plants in the region, indicating that more than twenty plants will also go extinct if humanity loses Sumatran rhinos. Reference The Economist. (2022). Save the rhino, save the plant . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
More shocking and devastating was the realization that young teenage girls were married off to older men within the community in keeping with the traditions as set by the so-called prophets of the Mormon community in Texas. The shocking practices would never have come to light but for the anonymous telephone calls made by some girl inmates of the Mormon ranch who feared being exploited and misused at the hands of community leaders. After having raided the Yearning for Zion (YFZ) ranch in Eldorado, Texas, on April 3, 2008, the authorities were shocked to see women engaged in a sexually aberrant lifestyle. Following the discoveries and revelations, the children were hastily removed and put into foster homes in fear of their being emotionally and physically abused by the community. It was found there was an ongoing process by which young girls were groomed to become brides, while there was no guarantee of the children being protected from going through future abuse. Several of the teenage girls were made to get married to too much older men immediately after they reached puberty and most of them became pregnant at early ages. In addition to the problems of young girls, several young children were separated from their families and mothers. The children were housed in different foster care homes at separate locations. Men belonging to the Mormon sect continue to believe that they had not broken any laws and said they loved their families and children very much and were willing to take care of them. Following counseling by authorities who aimed at making the men of the community realize the harms of practicing polygamy, several Mormon men had complied in giving up the practice although some did not refrain. Those few who did not change their ways were the ones who have to now answer and provide reasonable justification for having indulged in violation of women’s rights and the self-determination and dignity of children. However, it is strange that a small group of people still manage to continue with their ways under the guise of using the legal framework to avoid conviction and extreme penal action. Polygamy is illegal but most violators can escape persecution due to loopholes in the law, but more worrisome is the act of abusing young girls and children. The history of America is replete with examples of apocalyptic cults holding sway and control over some subjects, and their leaders command a charisma that enables them to act as virtual tyrants. Polygamy has been kept alive in several parts of the world and though illegal, can be sorted out with appropriate education and counseling, and sometimes can be tolerated too in being permissible in religions such as Islam. I feel that the justice system should take the issue of child abuse and the forceful marriage of teenage girls on a more serious note and bring the guilty to book. The government is right in treating this as a matter of child welfare and although the sect has taken the protection of some provisions of the law in calling it religious persecution, the only basis that stands ground is to take strict remedial measures so that children are not abused and exploited. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
In 1122, he was appointed the abbot, and in 1137 he dedicated himself to rebuilding the great Church of Saint-Denis where the French monarchs were buried. Suger is considered one of the earliest patrons of Gothic architecture. The content was written between 1144 following the consecration of the choir and 1148-49 in France. It is one of the two accounts of the renovation of the abbey church of St. Denis. The key aspects of cosmic themes occur in architectural designs and administration. Essentially, the reader can visualize the events unfolding in the memoir of Suger as pragmatic events in discourse. De Administratione provides an account of his profound administrative efforts in the reconstruction of the abbey church of St. Denis’s finances between 1140 and 1144 while providing a few details on its consecrations. The church had been in a poor state for years. Suger understood the political, religious, and architectural implications of the church’s renovation; hence, he complied with the request to renovate it. He highlights a few aspects of the church building and its furnishing in detail, using it as a justification for his administrative actions on behalf of King Louis VII. Some of the church’s characteristics that identified it with Gothic architecture include the liturgical ornamentation, thinned walls, and exceptional stained-glass window. Moreover, Suger employs metaphors of light and spiritual knowledge derived from Pseudo-Dionysian philosophy to justify these actions. Dante, Paradiso, Canti 1–13 “ Paradiso” is the third part of Dante Alighieri’s “Divine Comedy.” Dante Alighieri was an Italian philosopher, writer, and poet. He was born in 1265 in Florence and died in 1321 in Ravenna. “The Divine Comedy” is one of the most famous and most outstanding works in medieval European literature. Dante provided details of his life through his works. For instance, the Divine Comedy provides his experience of exile from Florence. Dante was with no doubt influential, particularly in literary development. Dante’s Paradiso was written in the early 14 th century in the peninsula, now known as Italy. “Paradiso” provides an imagination of the different levels of heaven. It elucidates heaven as a beautiful place as Dante and Beatrice rise towards heaven. The two also meet and converse with several blessed souls who contribute to Dante’s transformation from darkness and error to divine light. In cantos I-IV, ascend from Earth into the first sphere, the moon. While inside the moon, Beatrice addresses the errors of the earthly understanding of Paradise. She explains that while God and Paradise exist outside the spheres of the universe, they envelop it. In cantos V-IX, they zoom to the second and third spheres, Mercury and Venus. Beatrice illustrates that while Crucifixion was a just penalty against human sins, it was a crime against Jesus; hence, it deserved punishment and the idea of sin undermining human’s free will to existence. In Cantos X-XII, the two ascend to the fourth sphere, the sun, where they meet Thomas Aquinas, who criticizes the modern decadence of the Dominicans, and St. Bonaventura, who criticizes the errors of the modern Franciscans. Dante employs light to symbolize knowledge and the presence of God throughout the text. He makes these spheres sound joyful and radiant while creating an understanding of the Christian universe’s secrets. Canto II is an interesting account of fascinating imaginations. In my view, it invokes the re-imaginations of the audience on the existence of life in the moon as opposed to scientific reasoning. Many modern-day Christians have paid attention to the text, yet there are controversies in respect to Dante’s world views. Dante appears to be a summarizer of medieval mentality and an open-minded intellectual. Drawing from this, can it be argued then that Dante was a medieval? Given that Dante’s ideas are unsubstantial and a mere adventure, how would it benefit anyone to use them as a guide to insight about heaven today? | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Cooperative Learning at American Civil War Lesson Essay Topic Causes and Consequences of the Civil War (1861-1865). Grade/Subject/Academic Level 7 th Grade/History/ Regular. Time 45 minutes. Springboard/Warm-up Activity Topic: To review previous lessons and link up these lessons with the current lesson. Activity I will randomly select students to explain what they have gained during the previous lessons. This is meant to help me as a teacher to determine whether students are aware of the facts that come before any war, either short-term or long-term conflict, or both types of conflict must prevail, and also understand that war is associated with detrimental consequences. Students should a Pre and Post-test Assessment I will introduce the questions after giving the following short statement, “Having heard some of the causes and consequences of the war, you are required to answer some short questions to determine your current level of knowledge.” The questions given will include (sample of pre and post-assessment test): 1. Define war____________________ 2. Explain three causes of war 3. State four consequences of war 4. Highlighting the period, describe a historic war event of your choice. 5. What are some of the measures that can be taken to prevent the occurrence of war? The same questions will be used for post-assessment but will be specific to the Civil War. The students are likely to score less than 70%. Pre Assessment Data CLASSIFICATION MARKS Below average less than 50% Average 50-70% Above average more than 70% Sunshine State Standards and Learning Outcomes Big Idea To understand and explain the chronological sequence of the Civil war from the beginning to the end, and define its causes and consequences. MH.7H.1.1. Refining the chronology of the Civil War MH.7H.1.2. Extending and refining the cultures of the conflicting parties MH.7H.1.3. Extending and refining the influence of open boundaries on the Civil War Learning Outcomes Students will learn * The chronological events of the Civil War * The causes of the Civil War * The consequences of the Civil War * The aftermath of the civil war Topic Outline with Teacher Activities and Questioning Learning Style The lesson is intended to promote audio, visual, and kinesthetic learning. The lesson will begin with an audio-video film describing the Civil War. Later on, the teacher will augment the film by giving a brief lecture of 10 minutes. The major part of the class will involve cooperative learning (kinesthetic learning) where students will be randomly divided into groups. Activity 1: Film (5 minutes) Students will watch a film that gives a summary of the Civil War and will be asked to re-tell this film in their own words in their notebooks. Activity 2: Lecture I will refine the film so that students understand it better. I will advise them to read the books: Mark Johnson , That body of brave men: the U.S. regular infantry and the Civil War in the West (2003), Howard Jones, Abraham Lincoln and a New Birth of Freedom: The Union and Slavery in the Diplomacy of the Civil War (1999), and The American Civil War (2002) edited by Thomas E. Griess, as well as extensive online literature to delineate information and enhance learning. Activity 3: Group-work (10 minutes) Papers written in numerical numbers from 1 to 5 will be used to place students into their respective groups. Each group will be given a question to answer and a representative will be selected to present the group’s work in two minutes of speech. Activity 4: Vocabulary review Terms such as the Civil War, Confederate, Republicans, the Democrats, and the Republicans will be reviewed. Word organizers will be used to help students learn as many words as possible. Questioning Analysis Q. What are some of the measures that can be used to prevent war? Q. Do you think that the Civil War would have been avoided? Why/ Why not? Q. Was there an end to the Civil War? Synthesis Q. Mention different types of war that you know? Q. How did these wars come about? Q. What are some of the wars we are experiencing in the current world? Evaluation Q. Describe the events during the Civil War? Q. What were the causes and consequences of the Civil War? Notebooks will also be used to evaluate students in terms of their ability to analyze and synthesis content. Evaluation and Pre and Post-Test Assessment The questions given at the beginning of the lesson will be used towards the end of the lesson to evaluate the knowledge gained. However, the questions will be as specific as, define the Civil War______________. I presume that after the lesson, each student will get at least 80%. Notebooks will be used to evaluate an individual’s level of understanding. Post-Assessment Data CLASSIFICATION MARKS Below average less than 50% Average 50-80% Above average more than 80% Student Participation—Guided Practice Each group will be given a question to discuss, and later present it to others. Meanwhile, each group member will write down in their notebooks what their group has discussed. Student Participation—Independent Practice Students will work independently during pre and post-assessment. They will be required to answer five short questions to evaluate the level of their knowledge at the beginning of the lesson, and knowledge gained at the end of the lesson. Students with Special Needs Students who are not native English speakers will be assisted to enhance understanding by the use of simple language and review of vocabulary. Closure I will end the lesson by giving the students feedback on their group-work activity. Besides, I will collect the notebooks and inform the students of what the next lesson will be about. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Children’s Socialization Essay Socialization is a process by which a child is initiated to various roles of the society. The behavior or attitude adopted by the child depends mostly on the background that the child is brought up in. Children accept and adopt the characters portrayed by the person responsible of taking care of them such as parents, teachers and neighbors surrounding the child. A family forms the smallest unit in which the child’s socialization is initiated. It is observed that various families have various impacts to the socialization of a child (Roberta 129). From the observation carried out in a number of families it was observed that in the family where parents are very close to their children and offered guidance or assistance to the children, discipline them whenever they do something wrong, the child is observed to have morals and respect (Janet 234). On the other hand, it was observed that in families where the parents have no time to spend with their children, the children are observed to have low morals, independent and self centered. In the family park it was observed that children behaved and socialized differently, some children were seen to be more jovial and cheerful where others were seen to be lonely and uninterested. Some parents were observed playing games with their children where else other were just seen to have no interest with the games played by the child. It was observed that those children who parent interacted and assisted them in play games were friendly and had a good social life compared to the child who parents had no time to spend with them in playing games (Roberta 374). School is another agent of socialization. In the school context, it was observed that teachers and pears play a great role in influencing the socialization process of the child. Teachers act as role models to the children, they adopt teacher characters and attitudes toward life (Roberta 235). In a class where teachers are friendly and give positive remarks to the children as well as giving them a chance to express themselves, the children were observed to possess positive attitudes towards studies. They also appeared motivated and eager to learn new things. When the teacher proved to be hostile and rebuked the children by giving bad comments, the children were observed to have no interest in their studies and their level of interaction was limited (Roberta 226). Another agent of socialization that was observed was the church. It was observed that churches where children are taken through church school programs that teach morals and social responsibility have different attitude and behaviors as compared to those children who attended churches that did not have a direct attention to the children (Janet 107). It was also observed that in churches, children are taught how to interact and associate with adults. They are taught moral concept and how to cope with various situations. The children who undergo church school teachings were seen to be more attracted to the church compared to those who did not attend such teachings (Roberta 108). The former children were also observed to be respectful to adults as well as being being obedient. It was observed that each setting have an impact on the way the children socialize with other children or adults. Socialization is a process that cannot be initiated by one person, but it is a collective responsibility that requires all stakeholders to play their part accordingly. Teachers, parents and adults have a great influence on social life of the child. This is so because children were observed to learn behaviors and attitude from them. Thus, it is a duty for all persons who are given the responsibility of taking care of the child to ensure that a child is given the right teaching and attention, as this will determine how the child will be in the future. Works Cited Janet Gonzalez-Mena. Child, family, and community: family-centered early care and education. New York. Merrill Pearson. 2009. Print. Roberta M. Berns. Child, Family, School, Community: Socialization and Support . New York: Cengage Learning. 2009. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Balanced Score Card and Gamification for Performance Essay Balanced Score Card The presented online video Performance Management using the Balanced Scorecard describes the benefits of using the Balanced Score Card (BSC) to promote performance and profitability in organizations. The BSC is a powerful measurement tool that guides managers to have a comprehensive view and knowledge of their businesses. The model outlines the financial measures that can transform various business activities. The tool makes it easier for firms to outline various operational measures that can improve customer satisfaction. The tool helps “corporations improve their activities in order to drive financial performance” (Kaplan, 2010, p. 8). In order to achieve the best outcomes, managers should collect information from the major perspectives of the targeted business. These include “customer, internal business, financial, and innovation perspectives” (Kaplan, 2010, p. 11). Managers should ensure every approach is aimed at fulfilling the needs of the targeted customers. As well, they should also focus on every internal operation in order to promote excellence. Organizations should also promote the concept of learning in order to create value for their brands (Kaplan, 2010). The financial aspects of a business should also be considered during the process. Companies in the private sector should focus on aspects such as market share and profit (Kaplan, 2010). Public institutions should consult the existing government regulations in an attempt to achieve the best goals. The BSC model encourages stakeholders to share their ideas and concepts. The gathered concepts are then used to align the performance of different employees with every targeted goal (Lawrie, 2011). Leaders can therefore use the scorecard to balance the above four measures. The practice will definitely improve the level of performance. Ted Talk The selected Ted Talk focuses on importance of gamification. The title of the targeted Ted Talk is “The Future of Creativity and Innovation is Gamification: Gabe Zichermann at TEDxVilnius”. I viewed the video because its presenter possesses the relevant skills in innovation. As well, the video seemed to present meaningful concepts that can reshape the performance of many businesses. The most outstanding fact is that the Ted Talk video presents numerous ideas that can support my future career goals. To begin with, the video informs me about the importance of gamification. It indicates clearly that every corporation has the potential to become innovative. The important thing is to understand the benefits of the gamification strategy. The strategy presents numerous ideas that can be used to crush competition, attract more customers, and engage every employee. Gamification experts, according to Gabe Zichermann, can acquire new ideas thus engaging more stakeholders (Tedx Talks, 2014). The approach also has the potential to increase loyalty and produce positive results. Companies can use the concept to design specific behaviors and practices in order to promote performance and innovation. Employees and customers should be encouraged to present meaningful ideas that can result in innovation (Tedx Talks, 2014). The promising aspects of gamification show clearly that more companies will acquire new opportunities through continued innovation. The Ted Talk presentation therefore supports most of the concepts described in our “Innovation Strategies” class. The presenter dismisses the common notion that only professionals can engage in successful innovative practices. Powerful practices such as research, teamwork, collaboration, and equal participation can be used to promote innovation. The presentation therefore offers new ideas that can be used by innovators in order to realize their potentials. Reference List Kaplan, R. (2010). Conceptual Foundations of the Balanced Scorecard. Harvard Business School, 1 (1), 1-36. Lawrie, G. (2011). Performance Management using the Balanced Scorecard – The Past, The Present, The Future [Video file]. Web. Tedx Talks. (2014). The Future of Creativity and Innovation is Gamification: Gabe Zichermann at TEDxVilnius [Video file]. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Workforce Issues in the Health Care Industry Essay Table of Contents 1. Health Care Issue 2. Description 3. Funding Security 4. Changes and Emerging Strategies 5. Conclusion 6. References Health Care Issue Health care is complex and combines multiple issues. Human resource is one of the aspects, which has the problem. It is one of the most important elements, which make the health care system effective. This article provides a summary of the chosen issue and its current condition. In addition, it describes the security of the funding. Finally, the possible solutions, changes, and emerging strategies are offered in order to improve the current state in a positive direction. Description Nowadays, human resource management is one of the most vital issues in the health care segment since the workers need to have the ability to meet patients’ expectations and perform high-quality tasks on an everyday basis (Lombardi & Pynes, 2011). Successful planning of the workforce is one of the most significant issues in the health care industry as medical employees play a key role in the health care system. An interesting fact is that the healthcare workforce occupies a significant share of the labor market in the United States (Niles, 2013). Furthermore, the population of elderly people is also growing (Niles, 2013). Consequently, the amount of the required competent personnel will continue growing since more and more patients would need to be consulted and offered a suitable medical treatment. The health systems used to be nationally focused and limited. However, the situation is completely different today since it is the era of globalization (World Health Organization, 2015). Globalization implies the possibility to hire specialists from abroad. This fact brings human resource management to a completely new level, as now it is possible to hire professionals from other countries. It minimizes the costs required for training in specific areas. The growth of the importance of technology has a vital influence on human resource management in the health care sector. A future ability to increase computer involvement in the health care process will help to eliminate costs and reduce the amount of required personnel (Rozenthal, 2014). Another important aspect is the delivery of high-quality health care assistance. The right supervision of the health care employees will help to maintain service on a high level (Ranmuthugala, 2008). Reducing the personnel helps to keep the processes and duties organized. Additionally, the health care expenditure will continue to increase since more patients would need medical attention (Niles, 2013). Consequently, it will result in cost and staff reduction. It can be said that human resource management’s efficiency depends on many crucial aspects. Subsequently, it is hard to separate human resources from the other healthcare issues since they are strongly connected. This relation is seen in both the description and solutions sections of the essay. Funding Security U.S. Department of Health & Human Services provides the funding and supports the health care workers. The main goal of the organization is to protect the health care of American citizens by providing high-quality services (U.S. Department of Health, 2015). Moreover, it provides the funding for the personnel’s training and development in order to reduce costs and to increase the excellence of services (U.S. Department of Health, 2015). In conclusion, it can be said that human resources are governmentally funded; this fact will minimize the risks and help to monitor the changes in the industry. Changes and Emerging Strategies One of the ways to improve the current state of human resource management is to develop new training programs, which will boost the efficiency of the workers and will help to increase the level of achievement of the desired outcome (Lombardi & Pynes, 2011). Even the employees who do not have to be in direct contact with the patients still need to understand the responsibility and importance of their duties (Niles, 2013). Training the employees in teams with an equal share of the responsibility will help to improve the effectiveness of services and increase the efficiency of the health care processes. Moreover, increasing personnel’s knowledge and technological awareness will help to reduce costs and enhance the performance of the services. Inviting specialists from abroad might be another strategy to implement to bring the health care system to a new level. The foreign doctors might have a higher level of expertise and have coherent training in the specific field. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be said that maintaining and finding solutions for the maintenance and improvement of health care human resources is complex. Understanding the interdependence between human resources management, quality of services, and revenue to cost ratio is critical. The essential way of improving human resource management in the health care segment is to provide effective training. Competent employees will be able to perform duties more effectively and spend less time on the regular procedures. Additionally, understanding the significance of technological development will help to reduce costs and the amount of medical assistance required for the task. Furthermore, understanding the essentiality of the duties of the workers who do not have direct contact with the clients is crucial, as they are also the key part of the medical performance chain. References Lombardi, D., & Pynes, J. (2011). Human resources management for healthcare organizations: A strategic approach. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Niles, N. (2013). Basic concepts of health care human resource management . Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Ranmuthugala, G. (2008). Ensuring the Delivery of Quality Health Care. Australian Health Review, 32 (1), 5-6. Rozenthal, E. (2014). Can a computer replace your doctor? Web. U.S. Department of Health. (2015). Fiscal year 2016 annual performance plan and report. Web. World Health Organization. (2015). Globalization of health. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Freakonomics by Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner Essay (Critical Writing) Introduction Different phenomena in human life have attracted explanations from experts and other observers, which unfortunately, have become to be regarded as the conventional truth even when they seem to fail. This paper seeks to analyze an article that describes the different explanations advanced for changing trends in crime, politics and other social factors in the American society. The article is termed freakonomics, the authors (Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner) analyze different social aspects of the daily life in the most dazzling way that defies conventional wisdom. The article mainly dwells on the changing trends of crime in the American society. It also uses other social indices such politics and professionalism to underscore the misconceptions that lead to erroneous explanations for different phenomena in the United States and the world at large. Analysis This article mainly intends to show that some of the expert views which are often held as conventional may be sometimes, if not always false. The article begins by citing the soaring levels of crime that were witnessed in the 1990’s. The level of crime was rising at rates that had never been witnessed before. The rising trends in crime got experts forecasting a more chaotic future. For instance, the article cites that in 1995, a criminologist named James Alan Fox produced a report that pointed to a sharp rise in cases of teenage homicide over a decade. Similar sentiments were being propelled from different quarters such as other criminologists, political scientists and other learned forecasters. As time went by, it became apparent that the exact opposite of what had been forecasted was taking place. Instead of soaring levels of crime, the country was experiencing unpredicted decrease in crime levels. The sharp fall which peaked in the year 2000 was much more baffling than the later days when crime was the order of the day. False predictions were giving way to false explanations by the same experts. According to the article, the sharp decrease in crime levels had everything to do factors such as tough gun controls, strong economy, and innovative police strategies, increase in the number of police, increase in the use of capital punishment, change in the crack and other drug markets, and finally the aging population factor. The authors shrugged off this type of explanation as cheap as all these efforts when were in place when the same experts predicted a sharp rise in crime. According to the authors, the real cause of the drop in crime was the legalization of abortion across the United States. The legalization of abortion which had happened in the 1970 has lead to a significance drop in crime in the late 90s. The major step was towards countrywide legalization of abortion was initiated by a woman, Norma McCorvey. She was from Dallas and had already given up two kids for adoption. She was not in a position to raise a child, she was uneducated, poor, unskilled, an alcoholic and other drugs abuser. This kind of characteristics would create unfavorable conditions for child up bringing. This increases the chances of raising a spoilt, frustrated child who may end up in the streets as a criminal. The initial laws had restricted abortion thus creating a scenario whereby it was expensive to procure an illegal abortion or worse still, confer to unfit women the role of mothers. As the authors quote, the forced child raising may lead to a distressful future and further impart a psychological harm to the child. It was argued that a woman who decides not to have a child has a good reason for that, for instance she might be too poor, unmarried or in a bad marriage. This article cites other examples to show how conventional wisdom leads to false conclusions that mislead the masses. For instance, the power wielded by practitioners in different professional fields may be exploited at times to take advantage of a situation. The article cites, among others, a real estate agent who exploits their client’s inability to understand real estate matters. The authors also point out the same flawed beliefs in the political arena, whereby rich politicians or politicians who spent more money during campaigns are almost certain of wining. The authors claim that the electorate must have an inner connection with a certain candidate in order to vote for him. The authors do not however sound convincing with this example as indeed money plays a major role in gaining votes, especially in unjust systems where corruption and voter bribery are the order of the day. Conclusion This paper sought to analyze the article freakonomics by Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner. The article is supposed to explore the bad side or everything, that’s according to the subheading. However, as much as it touches on other matters, it’s more seen to revolve around the crime, its causes and how abortion legalization has helped reduce rates of crime. The article uses other examples to show that what is often regarded as conventional wisdom or expert views may be sometimes false. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Digitisation Effects on Art Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. What is digitalization, and the reason for its development 3. Digitization of art as a tool of conservation 4. Сonclusion Introduction The world of art is versatile in forms and methods of its implementation. Visual art is significant for its characteristic feature to project commonly what an artist felt and tried to inscribe. The new era of high technologies presupposes the spread of works of eminent artists and creative persons for ordinary users using different information systems. The Internet is one such technology. Museums all over the world provide the sharing of artistic thought due to the process of digitization. The effect of such an idea leads to the global opportunity for mankind to get closer toward the sphere of the highest achievements of people in art. This tendency is spread not for all people living in the world. Due to various reasons (location, financial opportunities in families, and political peculiarities in countries), not all people willing to become a part of the art reality can share the goals. It is possible for every user, notwithstanding the place of the current location. What is digitalization, and the reason for its development Many well-known museums of America, Canada, and European countries have been already involved in the process of digitizing. This trend continues today with particular attention to the methodology of such a procedure and its significant details. The exhibitions of the Metropolitan Museum in New York, the Louvre in Paris, and the Tate Gallery in London are available today for everyone via the Internet and other digital services. The many-faceted character of today’s art comprises the wholeness of achievements by mankind. The enormous and magnificent world of original art is transformed today into the digital “surface” of the time. Moreover, there are discs and programs including the pictures and engravings of eminent artists. This digital era makes everyone pay attention to the availability of art today. It designates a contemporary new epoch from the previous times. The closer outlook on the problem of contemporary digitization is of great concernment among publicity. In this respect, people during the last three years getting acquainted with the representatives of art. Such possibility appeared with the extremely fast development of technological thought in the digital sphere. Digitization of art as a tool of conservation Digitization is used today by main producers of soft and representatives of web services in a huge scope. Here appears a question how this phenomenon implements itself by the changeability of field and form. Thereupon, the search of the scholars touches on the sphere of web design and applied methods for improving and creating new shapes of art. Due to the mechanisms of image processing the designers and reproducers of art collections being the heritage of mankind manipulate with fields of implementation. Thus, the idea of the digitization future is outlined in the research. Each part of the discussion in the paper points out the development of this technology for art in terms of the historical cut, first attempts to visualize art for masses, and proper evaluation of art, as it is. So the controlling idea points out the diversity of chosen forms and fields in the digitization of art. Art, as it is, can be understood today as a way of perceiving reality. Its forms and peculiarities are reflected in the works of eminent representatives of a particular style. Contemporary reality seems to be full of digital ideas. That is why most of the artists are trying today not to lag behind the trends of the time. The modern world practice knows no limits in approaching digitization. This is why the significance of the discussion is outlined with further use of the methodology for new generations of creative people. The high performance of the visual art using a digital approach is guaranteed by the creators. This line of art reproduction is widespread today. It indicates peoples’ likes and dislikes and their aesthetical urge for beauty. When such a perspective is at hand, then there is a mere extent of dissatisfaction with life among individuals. In other words, the educational, behavioral, and aesthetical features of digitization are included in the paper with particular subtlety. Сonclusion The effects of digitization are changing art radically. Current forms of art are so various and independent so that their representatives cannot decide what form of art should survive and which one has to be removed or, at least, improved. In this case, the essential difference between the original work and the creation of an expert in digitization seems to be almost trite. The urge of science and technologies leads to the transformation of the concept of art, as it is. This is why humanity should be ready to face new forms and new shapes of visual art and other forms of it. The whole idea of constant changes dominates the minds of art representatives. The question of whether to follow the new tendency of digitization or not still erects the concernment of artistic circles. From a day-by-day perspective, the developers of digitization technology try to implement new details when performing or posting a definite masterpiece of art. In this respect, it serves as a motivational aspect for an artist to develop their creativity in digital form. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
It has traditionally been integrated into nurses’ day-to-day activities. However, as electronic health records and health information exchanges are being deployed, issues of patient safety continue to arise (Tietze and McBride, 2016). Although the number of patient safety initiatives is rising, hospital workers still resist them since such initiatives often take the form of audit and result in trying to change the managerial system of the hospital. Research Overview Since nurses are directly linked to improved patient performance (Squires, Jylhä, Jun, Ensio, and Kinnunen, 2017), the problem of “Advancing the Status of Nursing: Reconstructing Professional Nursing Identity through Patient Safety Work” by Heldal, Kongsvik, and Haland is that patient safety programs usually affect not only patients but also the hospital staff, notably nurses. The research purpose is to discover the influence of implementing patient safety programs on nursing. The objectives of the research are to define and highlight the ways patient safety programs may change professional nursing identity and the perception of their activities. The hypothesis is that implementing patient care programs results in a change in the definition of nursing. A nursing unit was followed for some months, and three hospital managers and ten nurses were interviewed; all interviewees were well acquainted with the program. Data analysis was conducted by all three authors of the research who read both transcripts and notes of the studies. Results The research data analysis showed that the perception of nursing significantly changed after the implementation of the patient safety program. There were four main categories of changes that were observed: the shift from trusting professionals to trust the system, nursing work became more visible than before, the concept of care-approach gave its way to cure-approach, and nursing got a higher perceived professional status. The research is credible and valid since it was conducted by professionals in the sphere and based on various data sources. In the study, transparent research steps provide a clear methodology, and the contexts and thick descriptions account for transferability. References Heldal, F., Kongsvik T., & Haland, E. (2019). Advancing the status of nursing: reconstructing professional nursing identity through patient safety work. BMC Health Services Research , 19(1), doi: 10.1186/s12913-019-4222-y. Squires, A., Jylhä, V., Jun, J., Ensio, A., & Kinnunen, J. (2017). A scoping review of nursing workforce planning and forecasting research. Journal of Nursing Management , 25(8), 587–596. Tietze, M., & McBride, S. (2016). Nursing Informatics for the Advanced Practice Nurse: Patient Safety, Quality, Outcomes, and Interprofessionalism . New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Researching the Importance of Listening Essay The effectiveness of business communication depends not only on speaking but also on listening to the interlocutor or speaker. Listening is the key to effective communication and a necessary condition for understanding the partner’s position. In general, listening is the process of perceiving, comprehending, and understanding the ideas and thoughts of a communication partner. This ability will focus on the speech of the interlocutor or speaker, the ability to distinguish views and opinions, and the speaker’s emotions. Listening is a receptive type of speech activity, with the help of which the process of receiving and subsequent processing of a message is realized based on the functioning of the auditory analyzer. Like speaking, listening refers to the types of speech activities that carry out oral communication in any situation and area of communication (Ikonen, 2019). Therefore, effective communication is only in the case of achieving absolute mutual understanding. There are several types of listening, depending on the methods and the scope of their use. Informational listening implies that the listener is already in the communication process, and makes it clear that he correctly perceives the information received (Sutanto, 2021). There is also empathic listening, aimed at empathizing with the speaker. In the process of empathic listening, a person directs attention to the speaker’s feelings and emotions, not to the meaning of the words. Critical listening is the conscious perception of information, and it analyzes the truth or falsity in the process of communication. There are usually three main phases in the hearing process. The first phase is the perception of information, its reception, and reading by the senses, not only by hearing but also by sight. The second phase is the comprehension of data, during which, after receiving notification, our brain is engaged in its evaluation and analysis (Ikonen, 2019). The third phase is a reaction to the received data, during which there is feedback, and verbal and non-verbal signals confirming that the listener has received and understood the words. There is a tangible difference between hearing and listening, which is expressed in the following. Hearing is used to obtain some information for its purposes. Listening, on the other hand, implies caring and empathy towards another person. Hearing means that during a conversation, a person is concerned about what is happening inside themselves. Listening implies that a person will understand the interlocutor’s feelings and listen to them. It is possible to give an example of a conversation between a parent and a child who needs the advice of an adult. It is essential for a parent not just to hear the words of a child but to listen carefully to them and patiently treat their difficulties, as it can create a problem in communication. There are many barriers to effective listening, among which one can distinguish, for example, immersion in one’s thoughts and lack of mastery of listening techniques. In the first case, people do not listen, not only because they are not interested in the subject of the conversation but also because they are too immersed in their thoughts (Sutanto, 2021). In the second case, people do not listen because they do not know-how. These barriers greatly hinder the process of interpersonal communication, since participants cannot properly exchange information. Some messages and signals may be conveyed and perceived incorrectly, which will lead to a distortion of the original meaning. Nature has endowed people with the ability to hear – to perceive sounds and words, but to listen – to accurately understand the thoughts expressed – people should learn by themselves. Nonverbal signals that demonstrate attentive listening include facial expressions and facial expressions and posture, and spatial position. The verbal signs that show listening have intonation, speed, clarity of speech, ethics, and compliments. Thus, listening is a complex process that is an essential component of the communication process. References Ikonen, A. (2019). On the importance of listening. In foundations in sound design for embedded media (pp. 380-395). Routledge. Sutanto, L. (2021). Psychoanalytic listening: Between unconscious and conscious. Jurnal Psikiatri Surabaya , 10 (1), 13-19. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
And when?” Mankind tries to find the answer to these important questions. It is a universal truth that there is a great number of tales and stories which transmits from one generation to another generation. And such ancient works as The Epic of Gilgamesh , Genesis in the Bible and The Metamorphoses of Ovid are such shining examples. In these books, the flood interpretation has a very deep meaning and pays attention to many people during much time. Though these three interpretations of flood are separated in some details and have been written at different times, but they have also similarities. And they are very important for all generations up to this day. And we can make a parallel between them. The most significant similarity in these stories is their plot. And there is one approval that Genesis in the Bible was written on the basis of The Epic of Gilgamesh, or vice versa. “Noah’s Ark is based on the story of Utnapishtim’s flood” (Lawal 657). And it is not surprising, because these two stories and we can add to them The Metamorphoses of Ovid, are very similar. So, the aim of these three stories was to warn the next generations to be moral, kind, not violent, in order not to ruin their lives. The one similarity in all these three stories is the symbol of the water as the purification of the land from the evil and the resolution to a new generation to live without crime, harm, but only in love and peace. That is why in three stories the flood is the symbol of rebirth and renovation. To my mind, this is the main similarity which gives rise to understanding that these stories differs only in some small and insignificant details. The similarity is in the reason of the beginning of the flood. In all these stories gods were not satisfied with the humanity. In The Epic of Gilgamesh the god decides to destroy mankind because they are very loud, numerous, and people prevent him from sleeping. In Genesis in the Bible the god makes up his mind to renew the world because people became very angry, crafty and cruel, and lawlessness dominated the earth. God pointed out that people were sinful. In The Metamorphoses of Ovid the god destroys the generation because of their disobedience and immorality. The author writes that Jupiter decides to punish the humanity, because they do not respect him, and Lycaon even has tried to kill him. And they implement their plan with the help of the flood. In The Epic of Gilgamesh the god saves Utnapishtim’s family and allows him to build the ark and take with him somebody who is eager to come with him. In Genesis in the Bible the god allows Noah and his family to build the ark, and then he asks him to bring two creatures of both sexes and six species of each clean animal. In The Metamorphoses of Ovid Deucalion and Pyrrha become the survivals, because the god has mercy on them. All these people were warned beforehand about the gods’ plan to send a great flood. And the main reason why the gods have chosen these people is their great respect to the gods, their decency, and their obedience. And these three families seemed to have a right to be near God during the great flood. And they are the symbols of the best in mankind. And by doing this, the gods give the world and the human race to survive. To my mind, these three stories have a great opportunity to prove us that we are the descendants of Utnapishtim, Noah and Deucalion. And we must follow their examples in order to live with our families, relatives and the surrounding in welfare and peace. As Ovid writes, the two people, who has survived, “throw stones over each of his and her shoulder. The stones that Deucalion throw become men, and the ones that Pyrrha toss, turn into women” (Ovid 557). As in Genesis in the Bible is written: “When the rain stops, “the water [prevails] upon the earth for one hundred and fifty days”(Bible 7:24). “After ten months, the mountain tops [become] visible” (Bible 8:5). “At the end of one year, one month, and twenty- seven days, Noah, his family, and the various animals exit the ark” (Bible 8:13-18). To cap it all, I can say that the flood interpretation in these three tales: The Epic of Gilgamesh , Genesis in the Bible and The Metamorphoses of Ovid has some differences and similarities, which everybody can observe at once. And the thing is that these three stories were written at different times, with their own techniques of writing. But the main thing which combines these three works is to convey the one idea. My point of view is that all the generations have to evaluate these works with great respect for them. Works Cited Lawal, Sarah. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. W. W. Norton & Company; 2nd edition, 2003. Print. The Holy Bible. Good News Publishers/Crossway Books, 2007. Print. Ovid, The Metamorphoses . Trans. Allen Mandelbaum. San Diego: Harcourt Brace & Co.1993. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Based on years of research, it was possible to identify eight key behaviors that the most effective managers at Google exhibited. These findings allowed Google to invest in the training of its managers on behaviors and improve key company statistics such as employee performance, satisfaction, and turnover. Therefore, those who researched the qualities associated with good management proved that effectiveness in this sphere does make a difference. Evaluating the role of the project not only for Google specifically but for organizations overall can be beneficial for revealing some truths regarding effective management in organizational settings. The main findings of Project Oxygen are represented through eight essential qualities that effective managers must-have. A good manager has excellent coaching skills, empowers the team without micromanaging, and expresses interest in the personal well-being and success of team members. It was found that effective managers are results-oriented and productive, are good communicators, help with career development, as well as have specific visions and strategies for their teams to accomplish. In addition, good managers have many technical skills that help them make essential team decisions. Therefore, the combination of eight qualities found by researchers at Google makes managers excellent and effective in what they do (Garvin et al. 2). Those managers who do not give feedback, do not practice coaching and do not know their employees are considered ineffective in the long run. In the updated version of the list of qualities that good managers should have, there have been some changes and additions for ensuring that results apply to the broadest audience of managers. Two rates that were added include managers collaborating across Google and being solid decision-makers. The third characteristic, expressing interest in personal well-being, was updated to creating an inclusive team environment in which a manager shows concerns for the well-being and success of his or her team members. The sixth characteristic, which was concerned with career development, was also updated to include discussions about performance. Despite the fact that the results of the study were meant to target managers at Google, the findings suggest that they can be applied to any organizational setting. As mentioned by Solomon et al., workers must be encouraged, motivated, and inspired in order to show high levels of performance (225). Because of this, they are implementing the range of recommendations for successful management from Google can be beneficial for ensuring that workers’ needs are met and that they are led responsibly in the direction of achieving organizational goals. The four management functions – planning, organizing, monitoring, and coaching – are all reflected in the eight qualities and can be used by managers who want to reach top levels of effectiveness in their profession. To conclude, Google’s Project Oxygen revealed some crucial information on what makes a good manager. Knowing the qualities of effective managers is expected to help to create a positive environment in the workplace and ensure that the expectations of workers regarding their roles in organizations are met. Notably, the findings are universal and are not exclusive to Google despite the research being conducted there. A company of any scope and experience can apply Project Oxygen’s results to its organizational setting to benefit both managers and team members. Works Cited Garvin, David, et al. “Google’s Project Oxygen: Do Managers Matter?” Harvard Business School Case , vol. 313, no. 110, 2013, pp. 1-24. Solomon, Michael, et al. Better Business . Pearson Education, 2017. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Probiotics Present New Opportunities as Alternative Medicine Coursework Introduction Probiotics are living microorganisms that when administered in sufficient amount to transfer health benefits to the host. In the recent past, research and clinical applications of probiotics have increased. Today, it is widely used as alternative treatment for gastroenteritis, antibiotic-associated diarrhea in adults and colic in children (McGuire & Tawia, 2014) and urinary tract infection in women (Chisholm, 2015). Experts, however, have warned that such effects in human could be limited because of few studies. Results from a single study on efficacy of probiotics should not be generalized because probiotics are strain specific (McGuire & Tawia, 2014). Levels of action of probiotic bacteria It is believed that mechanisms of the actions of probiotics remain significantly unknown (McGuire & Tawia, 2014). However, three possible levels of actions of probiotic bacteria have been identified. Bacteria may act through enzymes and acids; work with gut mucus; and by signaling to the host beyond the gut to other organs and the systemic immune system (McGuire & Tawia, 2014). Evidence-based practice Evidence-based approaches are vital in healthcare and patient treatment. However, the case of probiotics show that limited evidence is available. As a result, health decisions on probiotics are based on anecdotal information, pathophysiology and the expert opinion of leaders in the field (McGuire & Tawia, 2014). This is a major challenge for wide application of probiotic supplements. Hence, there is a need for sufficient, good-quality evidence to change practice. Increasing Knowledge About Probiotics In the recent past, scientists have focused on further studies to understand new opportunities presented by probiotics bacteria and yeasts through new powerful technologies. Treatment for certain conditions, such as urinary tract infections in women, has shown antibiotic resistance and recurrence (Chisholm, 2015). In addition, the need to find safe and effective alternatives for recurrent conditions have facilitated studies in probiotics while chronic diseases such as obesity have also ensured new studies on disruptive effects of gut bacteria (Burton-Shepherd, 2015). Any safety concerns Given the emerging usages of probiotics supplements, safety concerns have been raised. According to Floch (2014), probiotics are not suitable for individuals with severe autoimmune diseases, such as severe HIV infection, immunocompromised hosts and in patients with prosthetic vascular grafts or heart valves (Iapichino & Spanu, 2013). Cases of superinfections in individuals with low immunity have been reported. Besides, there are no direct demonstrations of outcomes on human and it is advised not to generalized or transfer results. The yogurt factor Some yogurts actually contain bifidobacteria regarded as probiotics (Floch, 2014). However, few anecdotal studies have demonstrated the role of yogurt as a dietary probiotic. Nevertheless, yogurt cultures have traditionally been consumed in India and China because of their health benefits. Western society has not adequately performed studies on the value of yogurt, but yogurt is generally considered as safe and sold over-the-counter in health food stores. Potential impact on eating habits An increase on probiotics knowledge will lead to increased consumption and therefore affects normal eating habits (Floch, 2014). It has been noted that a significant quantity of probiotic products is purchased globally. Besides, a good number is consumed in China, Japan, Korea, and Europe. They are generally considered safe for public consumption and therefore no good clinical trials are available to ascertain their effectiveness. The need for further studies The need for further studies is necessary to ascertain efficacy of probiotic supplements (Emmanuel, 2013). Currently, available evidence suggests that findings should not be generalized or transferred because probiotic strains are specific. In addition, more evidence-based findings are required to support their widespread usages. New studies will provide sufficient, consistent and high quality scientific evidence and offer opportunities to ensure that they act as alternative treatments. Implications Conducted studies have demonstrated that the use of probiotic supplements is most likely to be effective (McGuire & Tawia, 2014). Such supplements may be alternatives because they do not cause any resistance to antibiotics. Given health benefits of probiotic supplements, physicians should consider them as alternatives to current interventions. However, limited evidence-based findings have restricted their applications and further, comprehensive research is necessary. It is therefore recommended that probiotics should be used on a case-by-case basis (Chisholm, 2015). References Burton-Shepherd, A. (2015). Prebiotics and probiotics as novel therapeutic agents for obesity. Nurse Prescribing, 13 (3), 136-139. Chisholm, A. H. (2015). Probiotics in preventing recurrent urinary tract infections in women: A literature review. Urologic Nursing, 35 (1), 18-21, 29. Emmanuel, A. (2013). The benefits of probiotics in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastrointestinal Nursing, 11 (4), 21-24. Floch, M. H. (2014). Probiotics and Prebiotics. Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 10 (10), 680-681. Iapichino, G., & Spanu, P. (2013). Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in critical illness. Nutritional Therapy & Metabolism, 31 (4), 156-161. McGuire, E., & Tawia, S. (2014). Probiotics are the new black. Breastfeeding Review, 22 (3), 33-41. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Backwoods Company’s Training Plan Essay As it is seen from the case study, Backwoods’ problems are connected with the mistakes made by the employees and lack of knowledge. Thus, the training for them should have such objectives: * Information about the products – if the employees enhance their knowledge of the features of the products (including size, etc.), there will be fewer merchandise returns. * Data entry – it is mentioned that more than half of all mistakes are made when entering the information about the order in the computer system that is why the improvement at this stage is needed. With the reduction of incorrect entry, the number of merchandise returns will also become smaller. * Equipment – using headphones of better quality, the employees can be less affected by noise (Frein 107). * Clarification – if the employees receive a mail that can be hardly understood due to the handwriting or it lacks some information, they should contact the client and clarify the order. * Call handling – the way the employees should answer to the customers and add their orders is to follow decent guidelines. * Interaction among the personnel – the problems that are faced by the Packaging and Shipping department (labeling and inventory) can be reduced if the workers communicate. The training plan for the employees should follow these recommendations: The training should take place at the workplace (classroom training) and last for half of the shift so that the employees can swap over and some of them are always available for the customers (half day class) (Aswathappa 218). All personnel that works in customer service should have training regarding entry accuracy. They should practice how to enter the data till at least 90% accuracy is reached. The employees who are to deliver product information should study the products they have to be aware of their peculiarities. The training should be assessed to make sure that all needed information is familiar to the workers and then ended. They can also create a database where all products and information about them will be included and updated from time to time (Seidel and Chatelier 13). In a kind of role-play, the employees (especially new members of the staff) should practice answering customer calls for two months. Some examples can be even recorded while working to analyze them during the training (Lussier 246). There should also be training with the new equipment that will last till the employees will be able to use it without problems. If the new worker is employed, the training is to be repeated for him/her before one starts working. To evaluate the efficiency of the program, the data should be gathered with the help of a questionnaire (to receive the employees’ and customers’ feedback) and a survey (to measure the results based on the data gained from the reports) (Smith 7). Such criteria should be taken into consideration: * Reduction of merchandise returns (consider different reasons separately, including inaccurate entry, wrong feature, etc. at an employee and organizational levels); * The time needed for entering the order (at the employee level); * Reduction of calls regarding the problems (at the employee and organizational level); * Number of calls made to clarify the order (at the organizational level); * Customer satisfaction (at the organizational level) (McKinney 58); * Reduction of issues connected with incorrect labeling and inventory (at the organizational level); * Employee satisfaction (regarding the decrease of issues, new equipment, and training overall at the organizational level). Works Cited Aswathappa, K. Human Resource, and Personnel Management , New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2005. Print. Frein, Joseph. Handbook of Construction Management and Organization , New York: Springer, 2012. Print. Lussier, Robert. Management Fundamentals: Concepts, Applications, Skill Development , Mason: Cengage Learning, 2008. Print. McKinney, Anne. Real-resumes for Human Resources & Personnel Jobs , Fayetteville: PREP Publishing, 2002. Print. Seidel, Robert, and Paul Chatelier. Virtual Reality, Training’s Future? New York: Springer, 2013. Print. Smith, Jonathan. Stress Management: A Comprehensive Handbook of Techniques and Strategies , New York: Springer, 2002. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
* At least 80% of people all over the world have only $10 to spare every day (Shah para. 2). * However, as long as every member of the community makes an effort, millions of people can be saved. * People need the support of those who can donate. * Create Happiness Organization will be the mediator between the poor and the donors. * Create Happiness Organization will need people’s support. Create Happiness Activities * Product: + Cards: o Cards will be used for the customers to use in order to get discounts. + Card devices: o Card devices, as well as cards, will be sold to organizations. * Service + The money acquired from donors (individuals and organizations, e.g., Red Cross) will be sent to the recipients (the poor). + Create Happiness will also offer its services (cards and card devices) to companies in entertainment. Target Market * Donor organizations, which are going to buy the Create Happiness Organization’s cards and card devices in order to use them for discounts and making bargains; * People who are going to buy the Create Happiness Organization’s cards in order to use them for discounts and making bargains. Customer Relationships: * Information regarding payment submissions and cards purchase will be updated on the site on a daily basis. Being Different from the Competitors Many companies might want to cooperate with the Red Cross and the Red Crescent. However, Create Happiness has a number of assets, which it will use to achieve success. Other companies might also have decent plans on eliminating poverty. Still the Create Happiness plan is the most efficient, fast and reasonable to undertake. * To avoid being overthrown by competitors, the Create Happiness will have to: + Use the support of the Red Cross and the Red Crescent; + Enhance productivity; + Cut the costs for transportation; + Cut the costs for human resources; + Use donations efficiently and wisely. Making Money Most of the company’s revenues will come from donors. Selling cards, while profitable, will be used mostly as the means to attract people’s attention towards the problem of poverty and cover the major costs. * The initial capital will be acquired from a bank; * The acquired capital will be used for the company promotion for the latter to become partners with the Red Cross; * Donations coming from the red Cross and the Red Crescent will be the key resource; * Money made from selling cards to people and companies in entertainment sphere will be used for donations to the poor. Resources from Investors * Donor Organizations: + Donor organizations will invest into the Create Happiness Organization; + The Create Happiness Organization is going to team up with the Red Cross and the Red Crescent (East). * Donor Individuals: + People will use the cards supplied by the Create Happiness Organization; + Money obtained from card retail will help the company cover losses and conduct advertising campaigns. Expected Returns * $50,000 donations from the Red Cross and the Red Crescent within the first two months; * $25,000 from selling cards to the natural persons; * $40,000 from selling cards and card devices to legal persons; * $5,000 from cutting the costs for logistics (primarily transportation); * – $5,000 from the costs for promotion and advertizing program; * – $5,000 from the rest of the costs (salaries to the staff, costs for materials, etc.). * Total returns expected: $110,000. Sharing Keeps the World Go Round * Every year, 22,000 children die of poverty. * It is high time to put a stop to poverty induced deaths. * If every person in the community buys a card and uses it, 100 children will be saved with the help of the donations. * If no one else is willing to change the situation regarding the needy, the Create Happiness will. * It is time to say, ‘yes, we care.’ * The time to take actions has come. Works Cited Shah, Anup. “ Poverty Facts and Stats. ” Global Issues. 2013. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
U.S. Ports: Safety and Emergency Management Analytical Essay Despite the tremendous efforts in the field of port security, U.S. ports remain vulnerable to the threat of the terrorist attacks due to the complexity of their functional systems and the wide range of stakeholders responsible for the different aspects of safety measures development and implementation. The following discussion will analyze and critique the safety and emergency management structures in the port environment. In addition, it will address the supporting plans and programs and the legislative policies developed to prevent and respond for a WMD attack at a major port. The safety and emergency management structure found in the port environment can be evaluated as quite effective with some considerable issues that still remain. The weak points include the following omissions: (1) vessel identification system is not available for every port; (2) omissions are identified in port security assessment procedures; (3) security issues related to foreign vessels; (4) IT technical issues in the port security systems; and (5) inconsistence of emergency management practices in some ports to the general guidelines and regulations provided by the government (U.S. General Accounting Office, 2003a; U.S. General Accounting Office, 2003b). The supporting plans and programs typically found in a major port operation complex structure of ports amount to ensuring that the brought to ports cargo is safe (U.S. General Accounting Office, 2005). The major components of these plans and programs include the principle of “reporting about every cargo assessment result within the 24-hours period” and “integrated training for all port security workers to ensure their professionalism as for the technical aspect of protection systems” (U.S. General Accounting Office, 2004). Evaluating the legislative policies developed to prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover from a WMD attack at a major port, considerable progress since the year 2001 is noted. Legislators did not fail to notice the limitations the port security systems had. Since the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001, the government systematically draws closer to the exalted objective to secure safety in ports. The remarkable achievements include refining the Automated Targeting System regulations and designing the national standards for the port security workers’ attestation (Congressional Research Service, 2004; U.S. General Accounting Office, 2004). However, as far as I am concerned, the current legislative security policies are insufficient to secure and protect US ports due to the complicated system of port authority distribution between the public and private stakeholders, and interference from multiple governmental and private agencies. The reality of a terrorist nuclear threat to America’s seaports is high. The situation is getting worse because of the sheer size of cargo being operated in ports every day and absence of the well-designed system of the central authority overseeing the maritime system (Cruise et al., 2013). As a final point, the vulnerability of the U.S. ports to the terroristic threats remains of high concern to the government and commercial institutions due to a variety of complex issues connected with the port security. The most complicated issues relate to the complexity of ports authority. Analysis of facts demonstrates that there are too many stakeholders involved in the process of port security control. These stakeholders have problems with implementing the unified security systems developed by the governmental agencies and, as a result, some of the major ports appear vulnerable to a WMD attack due to the existing unifying protection violations. References Congressional Research Service. (2004). Border and transportation security: Overview of congressional issues . A Report to Congress. Web. Cruise, R. J., D’Erman, V. J., & Grillot, S. R. (2013). Protecting Our Ports: Domestic and International Politics of Containerized Freight Security . New York, N.Y.: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. U.S. General Accounting Office. (2003a). Homeland security: Preliminary observations on efforts to target security inspections of cargo containers . U.S. General Accounting Office . Web. U.S. General Accounting Office. (2003b). Maritime security: Progress made in implementing maritime transportation security act, but concerns remain . U.S. General Accounting Office . Web. U.S. General Accounting Office. (2004). Homeland security: Summary of challenges faced in targeting ocean-going cargo containers for inspection . U.S. General Accounting Office . Web. U.S. General Accounting Office. (2005). Homeland security: Process for reporting lessons learned from seaport exercises needs further attention . U.S. Government Accountability Office . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Edgar Allen Poe’s Influence on Hitchcock Research Paper The American character has been an enticing subject of study in both imported and domestic cultures. To solve this problem, Hitchcock’s American movies extensively gave an understanding of the American culture by investigating the forms of emotions and conduct that usually shape characters. Many critics argue that Hitchcock’s character and plot development in the Vertigo and Rear Window were influenced by a therapeutic culture or a revision of the Victorian character. In connection to this, I would argue that Hitchcock’s character and plot development in his films were strongly influenced by Edgar Allen Poe’s techniques of building suspense among the audience. From the above statement, it can be deduced that Hitchcock’s filmmaking techniques were both borrowed and original. To support the above thesis, Charles Thomas Samuels argued that; Hitchcock like Poe was preoccupied with a small stock of circumstances that could be misinterpreted as major topics. On the other hand, Hitchcock frankly admitted that Poe was very crucial to his creative development chiefly on his verdict to make films. Based on this, Hitchcock admitted that he was concerned with Poe’s stories that encouraged him to create suspense films. In addition, Hitchcock realized Poe’s importance in his talent especially focusing on viewers that fulfilled his aspiration for a terrifying yet safe cinematic skill. Further, he discovered Poe’s method of influencing the audience’s reactions to dread through ‘spellbinding logic’. As a result of this, he took this technique seriously in coming up with firm narratives that made his techniques to be considered as the most excellent. It should be noted that Hitchcock was mainly influenced by Poe’s mysteries; like ‘the murder and the lady vanishes’. In these mysteries, he realized the lessons about viewers’ responses and the delight in the safe fear that made him interested in making suspense films. It is worth noting that, Hitchcock was influenced by the Poe-inspired surrealism of filmmakers like Bunuel, Clair, and Cocteau. This is evident from certain dream and fantasy sequences in some of his films. It can be deduced that Hitchcock learned a lot from Poe as far as creating the audience’s suspense is concerned. This can be seen from how he focused the audience’s attention on certain objects like the glass of milk in ‘Suspicion’ and the knife in ‘Sabotage’. In addition, Hitchcock learned from Poe the technique of creating suspense among the audience by permitting them to be more knowledgeable than the characters. More so, Hitchcock was influenced by Poe not only in suspense-building but also in coming up with theories and methods of manipulating the audience’s attention. In this case, both Hitchcock and Poe acknowledged the need for sublimely skilled creativity; so that they could control the audience’s emotions as they create suspense. In support of this argument, Hitchcock frankly admitted that he could hear his audience screaming when he was making the picture. To wind up, Hitchcock was deeply influenced by what he learned from Poe about the fears of self-destructive rascals of the wicked. From the above discussion, it can be said that Hitchcock’s work was greatly influenced by the work of Poe particularly in building the audience’s suspense and manipulating their attention. Based on this it can be argued that Hitchcock’s art and techniques were both borrowed and original. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Ideological Perspectives in Social Work Essay I trust that people create relationships according to the interactions’ risks and rewards. A person deliberates or unconsciously assesses the risks and benefits of action and chooses the most rewarding activity. Money, love, power, or societal approbation are examples of concrete and intangible rewards and drawbacks (Cox et al., 2021). Since people base relationships on rewards, each member of society tends to demand more gains from a relationship. Individuals are never born good or evil; however, they are influenced to develop certain attributes based on particular demands. Individuals are driven to labor for fundamental necessities such as food and shelter (Cox et al., 2021). Others obtain motivation from personal, cultural, societal, or economic conditions. In this regard, people are not born evil or good but motivated by biological, social, and economic factors. Individuals with quick actions and adaptability use agility to maximize their potential. People may also maximize their potential by adopting a positive attitude toward all events and confronting problems front on (Cox et al., 2021). Contemporary issues such as alienation, poverty, and insecurities significantly influence human relationships. Society must foster equity, cooperation, and respect among cultures and social groups to obtain control and achieve stable relationships. Administrations have an obligation to guarantee economic and social security to the citizens. To guarantee financial stability, the government in socialist ideology sets preparations for equal income distribution among working people (Cox et al., 2021). Other social provisions include free education, retirement benefits, social grants, and accessible healthcare services in allocated cases, such as maternal care. Additionally, states provide and ensure the maintenance of public goods and services such as roads and security. A state’s responsibility is to safeguard its inhabitants against internal and foreign conflicts (Cox et al., 2021). The government safeguards civilians from economic, social, and political attacks through policies and the law. I think states should cushion vulnerable groups such as women, the elderly, and youths by providing free services, employment opportunities, and incentives on particular goods and services. The government should also nurture potential talents to help generate income, particularly the youth. The current government has initiated many programs that work for the welfare of civilians countrywide. For instance, the education for all movement has benefited many people regardless of age, gender and ethnicity. Nevertheless, wealthier individuals and localities profit from the system more than the poor and ordinary Americans. Some shortcomings include the health and safety of the average citizen. The government spends significantly on internal and external security, but many neighborhoods live in absolute fear due to violence and insecurity. I think the capitalist economic system is appropriate for the State. However, it needs reforms in the labor force regarding individuals with less competitive skills. For instance, providing alternative sources of employment to vulnerable groups such as the mentally and physically unstable. My ideal State entails equality and democracy in distributing social and economic services to have healthy and happy citizens willing to boost the economy through hard work and devotion. My views are inspired by Josephine Shaw Lowell, a social worker during the 19 th century. Lowell is famous for her charitable activities and reform in social work. She always believed in and promoted equality while helping vulnerable groups. Despite coming from a wealthy family, Lowell saw the challenges and hardships of minority groups and dedicated her life to establishing institutions and reforms in social services. She had a realistic perspective of society where the rich and influential continue to flourish despite the lower citizens’ efforts. Her motivation came from empathy and willingness to sacrifice to improve the poor, sick and mentally disturbed lives through better education, health services, and cleaner prisons. Since government systems were not involved in most aspects of citizens’ welfare at the time, Lowell took it upon herself to make a difference. I would like to follow in the footsteps of creating a better society through social work and state reforms in the field. Sexual orientation, gender, class, and race are significant predictors of social attitudes among populations. These factors may hinder effective community service at institutional and interpersonal levels. Individuals struggling with sexual orientation may have divergent views on social services, such as resolving social interactions (Cox et al., 2021). Race and ethnicity can also challenge fieldwork since most vulnerable groups come from minority ethnic groups and may pose challenges during communication and general interactions. When addressing serious issues affecting their communities, the groups may exhibit xenophobic sentiments and unpleasant conduct (Cox et al., 2021). Discussing personal experiences and thoughts is challenging when people have different perceptions of each other. Nevertheless, social work involves good interpersonal skills, which I possess and will apply. The liberal principle dictating accessibility of quality services and welfare when needed supports social work principles of serving the community efficiently. It empowers the practice by providing global competence and institutional empowerment, which enhances service delivery. Nonetheless, the liberalization of the social work market may impede successful service delivery (Cox et al., 2021). Social workers operate under the ethics of integrity, social justice, and community development among all populations. Creating dominance by selling social work services depicts an economic-centered approach based on self-interest than community development. The liberal perspective discourages client discretion since purchasing services works on the terms and conditions of the buyer (Cox et al., 2021). Thus, making money the primary consideration in social work may hinder service delivery due to clients giving selective information as they are paying for the services. Alternatively, the liberal approach can be a barrier to helping poor communities since they cannot afford the capital. I anticipate meeting challenges while working with the vulnerable community due to the relative lack of resources on either side. Reference Cox, L., Tice, C., & Long, D. (2021). Introduction to social work: An advocacy-based profession (3 rd ed.). Sage Publishing. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Comparison of Secondary and Tertiary Waste Water Management Compare & Contrast Essay Secondary waste water treatment is majorly aimed at removing dissolved but biodegradable organic matter from water after physically suspended materials are removed by the primary process(Bengtson, 2010, p. 2). Majorly, these types of treatment use biological treatment processes to treat water but final consumption is done after tertiary treatment has been done. Tertiary treatment is sometimes referred to as the advanced treatment because it treats what the primary and secondary methods have been unable to treat. Many of these types of treatment (tertiary) utilize chemical compounds to treat water (Bengtson, 2010, p. 1). Both the secondary and tertiary treatment methods utilize a number of processes to make each step a success but tertiary treatment is never usually a necessity because it depends on the toxicity of the source of water. Some of the most significant differences in these treatment methods are that the secondary treatment methods majorly utilize physical processes but tertiary treatment methods utilize chemical methods of treatment. Also, the tertiary treatment method is majorly undertaken with the aim of removing nitrate and phosphorous compounds from the water but the secondary treatment method is aimed at removing organic waste materials. Lastly, the tertiary treatment method is not a mandatory procedure and varies from place to place but the secondary treatment method is mandatory and involves a couple of common processes such as the trickling filter, stabilization pond treatment systems and activated sludge (Bengtson, 2010, p. 4). Appropriate Uses of Reclaimed Water Reclaimed water can be obtained from many sources but it bears the qualities of being odorless, clear and high quality water, which enables it to be used for a number of purposes. However, the most appropriate source for reclaimed water is irrigation but it is quite unfortunate that up to 50% of high quality water, which could be used for drinking, is used for irrigation (National Academy of Sciences, 2010, p. 3). Reclaimed water can therefore act as a good substitute. However, reclaimed water can be used in a number of industrial irrigation processes and in supplementing natural system needs. In this context, reclaimed water can be appropriately used in street cleaning operations; power generation plants; decorating fountains, quelling fires, dust control, aquifer discharge; cooling in industrial processes; and restoring depleted, natural systems (National Academy of Sciences, 2010, p. 3). However, some people have got the whole concept of using reclaimed water for body contact wrong because it is inappropriate to use reclaimed water for recreational purposes (like swimming pool); cooking or drinking; or irrigating vegetable and other foods such as herb gardens – because they can directly absorb the contaminated chemicals from the reclaimed water and store them in their tissues. Recommendation Tertiary treatment methods are not good for ground water recharge and instead secondary treatment is recommended for this purpose. This is true because the operational plant facilities are likely to be affected by tertiary treatment methods because they eliminate nitrates and phosphates which are essential for ground water recharge, especially when the recharge is expected to support portable use, including metallic toxicants, or when the recharge process is expected to use nitrogen compounds and pathogens. However, tertiary treatment methods are useful for treating drinking water because many drinking water purification plants use the process to clean raw water. Moreover, the process can be used to remove impurities which the primary and secondary processes are unable to. References Bengtson, H. (2010). An Introduction to Primary, Secondary, and Advanced Wastewater Treatment Methods . Retrieved from https://www.brighthub.com/environment/science-environmental/articles/68537.aspx National Academy of Sciences. (2010). Source Waters and Their Treatment . Retrieved from https://www.nap.edu/read/4780/chapter/4 | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Mitchell’s Case Analysis Essay Mitchell gave rise to numerous disputes concerning fair and reasonableness of the exemptions clauses, which failed to take the buyers’ rights into consideration. Hence, the Trial held in the Court of Appeals discussed the case in reliance on the common and statutory law. During the trial, there were numerous arguments against and in favor of the appellants under different law positions. More importantly, the accusations imposed on the sellers had proved to be void according to the common law but not according to the Supply of Goods Act 1973 and Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977. According to Lord Bridge, Finney Lock Seeds Ltd supplied 30 lb of cabbage seeds to Mitchell company. The sort of the plant had been discussed earlier and proved in the invoice. However, the seeds turned out to be defective due two reasons: seeds were not of the sort stipulated in the invoice and they were of a very low quality. To solve this issue, Lord Bridge narrowed the matter to three questions. In this first sentence, he discredited the relevancy of the circumstances under which the exemption clause turned out to be unreasonable. The second issue under consideration was whether the liabilities should have been imposed on this case. Finally, he also stated that the seeds trade had not been mentioned in ether statutory law or common. There is an outright contradiction between the common law and statutory as far as the exclusion clauses are concerned. Hence, the Court of Appeal agreed on the fact that the exemption clause covering the breach had occurred as the result of inappropriate construction. In similar cases, the courts argued the necessity to decide whether the issue of construction extended the exemption clauses to limit the liability at issues. However, in case it did, it was impossible to reject or overreach the clause under the common law instead treating it as inapplicable to ‘fundamental’ breach. Once again, when referring to the statutory law, the buyers were left no chances for reimbursement as the breach was completely covered by the exemption clause. However, Mitchell case proves that sometimes the breach is possible to cover by the contract terms “provided the wording of the exemption clause was clear unambiguous”, as it was also mentioned by Lord Diplock. Then, to avoid additional contradictions emerged due to the presence of the clause of the Sale of Goods Acts 1979, it is obligatory to resort to the Unfair Contract Terms Act o1979, as this was the first statute disclosing the definition of fairness and reasonableness. Hence, in reliance on this definition, it is possible to reference when regarding the reasonableness of the exclusion clauses. Finally, UCTA 1977 comprises statutory provisions that influence the enforceability of specific contract terms. Finally, Mitchell case argues the necessity to examine the circumstances under which it is possible to restrict the sellers’ liability, as stipulated in schedule 2 of UCTA 1977 and section 55 of SAGA 1979. The contradiction appeared between the parties concerned turned out to be complicated due to the trial procedures held in different courts. Therefore, “while the courts have made clear that the decision on the issue of reasonableness of a contract terms for these purposes remains primarily for the trial court….the higher courts will not generally overturn such a decision” As a conclusion, it should be stressed that the arguments delivered by Lord Bridge were rather persuasive and consistent, as he managed to consider both common law and statutory law. Hence, being guided by the term provisions of UCTA 1977 and the Sale of Goods Act 1979, he proved that the appellants deserved the reimbursement due to the circumstances. As a whole, this case proves that statutory laws do not comprise all aspects of legitimacy and reasonableness. Reference List Grundman, S., and Mazeaud, D. 2006. General clauses and standards in European contract law: comparative law, EC law and contract law codification Hanson, S.,2003. Legal method & and reasoning. US: Routledge Cavendish, p. 310. Lawson, R. 2005. Exclusion Clauses unfair contract terms. US: Sweet & Maxwell p. 89. Smith, R. 2009. Conversion Course Companion for Law: Core Legal Principle and Cases for Cpe/Gdl. US: Pearson Education. p. 193. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Desired outcome 3. Leadership style 4. Conclusion 5. References Introduction This paper critically examines the problem of psychosocial hazards faced by employees in Fullerton healthcare that calls for applications of a leadership style (s) to successfully attain the desired outcome. Health care organizations, in this case, hospitals do provide services that include; direct care to patients, lab and research work, food services, laundry, waste management, pharmacy services, housekeeping, security services. In addition to exposing employees to psychosocial hazards, biological, chemical, physical, and ergonomic and safety hazards are also a threat to employees. Leadership refers to a process whereby an individual can influence the thoughts, ideas, and actions of others in achieving a set of preset goals, tasks, duties, and responsibilities. In any given organization setup whether healthcare, business enterprises, or academic institutions, leadership has been considered to be very vital in contributing to the achievement of success (Day & Lord, 1988; Kaiser, Hogan, & Craig, 2008). Planning, leading, controlling, staffing, and organizing are done together to enhance the attainment of the desired organizational goals/outcomes. Psychosocial hazard has been referred to as the potential to be harmed, not in physical terms but in the way, workers are treated in an organization, the stress they undergo in the workplace, and issues concerning to once working environment. According to Rick & Briner (2000), stress at the workplace today is significant in our working experiences thus having a huge insinuation on workers’ psychosocial health. Generally, the main causes of psychosocial hazards include the following; poor communication between employees and employer, vagueness concerning the job responsibilities, lack of support for work-family balance, lack of supervisor support, lack of control of how work should be done, harassment, bullying or even discrimination. Other causes include lack of respect for workers by those in authority, lack of adequate and appropriate rewards, and appreciation for the efforts done by employees. Finally, constant work overload does cause psychological hazards (Cotton, 2008). Desired outcome It is worth noting that specific causes of psychosocial hazards to employees of Fullerton healthcare should be identified so that the desired result is set and attained. In this case, the desired outcome is to reduce the causes and ensure that the working environment for these workers has minimal or no stress. Close to seven million healthcare employees face hazards, something thus needs to be done in addition to identifying the stressors. Any organizations that don’t seriously address the issues concerning psychosocial hazards, as well as other hazards, will lose in one way or another; absenteeism, employee disability, reduced level of output and increased amounts in terms of compensation normally through a court order. Leadership style Even though the key role of leaders is to influence the psychosocial work environment, there is minimal research that explains how leaders can reduce work-related stress in their staff members (Theorell et al., 2005). Despite this, it is evident that leadership style(s), attributes, processes, and behaviors are vital in influencing employees’ attitudes and behaviors in the working environment (Ahlborg et al. 2008). In this case, the participatory/democratic leadership style will help achieve the desired outcome. The being that the system brings everybody in the board, where all get an opportunity to air their view and consultation are made before making any decision, encourages creativity, development of a positive working environment and help reduce employees’ turnover. After providing an avenue to employees to talk, the causes of psychosocial hazards will be made known, I will be thus aware of their plight changing my attitude hence discussing with them the possible solutions and strategies and developing desired intervention strategies ( Kouzes, Posner, 1987). The style will allow me to directly deal with the emerging problems and those that can be handled by respective departmental managers and supervisors to be addressed at that level. Before they are allowed to handle such situations, a psychosocial training program will be necessary to successfully decrease stress indicators. Provision of support to the entire team in form of money, time, and emotion by the leader is vital in attaining the desired outcomes. The characteristics of a supportive leader which include adding value, fairness/equality, competence/credibility, vision/planning, honesty, and integrity, appealing to others’ hopes and dreams inspiration, and motivation will be employed in addressing this issue (Schein, E.H. 2004) . It is worth noting that leadership is a multidisciplinary field that calls for the application of several various leadership strategies/styles, for instance, delegate/ Laissez-Faire or dictatorship as it is difficult to exclusively employ one style. Conclusion It has been noted with concerns that every organization is usually faced with various problems, but how the problems are handled by the present leaders makes all the difference. In this case, psychosocial hazards are among the many problems employees face. The desired outcome of the entire activity as a leader is to completely do away or significantly reduce stressors in Fullerton health care services. The leadership style used to help address the problem is democratic or participatory leadership. It is important to have in mind that multiple leadership styles have been recommended in trying to successfully address emerging issues in any organization. References Cotton, P. (2008). Psychological Injury in the Workplace. Web. Rick, J & Briner, R. (2000). Psychosocial Risk Assessment: Problems and Prospects . Web. Theorell, T., Emdad, R., Arnetz, B., & Weingarten, A. (2001). Employee Effects of an Educational Program For Managers At An Insurance Company. Psychosomatic Medicine. 63 (5), 724–733. Kouzes, J., & Posner, B. (1987). The leadership challenge. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Schein, E.H. (2004). Organizational culture and leadership. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The CQC published a report on the RUH Bath Trust, registering that the infirmary had annulled several surgical treatments and stalled patients scheduled for therapies. The CQC identified incident reporting, staffing levels and GP surgeries as the pivotal areas for improvement (Care Quality Commission 2014). This paper seeks to determine if indeed the CQC findings are valid and outlines three approaches to executing efficient quality systems. Body Care Quality Commission Reports: To What Extent are Statements within an Investigation True? CQC divulged that RUH’s GP surgeries and clinical audits were below average. Griffiths (2011, p. 10) endorses CQC’s reports remarking that the agency’s statements record substantial information on commendable care amenities for public benefit. Unit 23(1) of The Health and Social Care Act 2008 grants the Commission the jurisdiction to effect hospital inspections, assign warning notices, and fines (Greenfield & Braithwaite 2008). CQC’s reports strive to uphold patients’ rights and ensure they receive optimum medical care and welfare (Mannion 2012). All the same, critics disapprove of CQC’s statements, claiming that the data publication on medics is “crude and misleading” (Furness 2009). Opponents assert that very few surgical errors induce patient deaths, instead attributing institutional failings to the high mortality rates. With reference to Griffiths (2011, p. 12), I regard that the board’s assessments are eligible as the council’s culture is susceptible, considerate, and easily reachable. Identify Quality Systems for Measuring Quality: The Best Approach for the Royal United Hospital (RUH) Enumerated below are performance systems instrumental in estimating the quality of RUH’s services (Greenfield & Braithwaite 2008, p. 177). 1. Consumer Surveys. CQC uses surveys, questionnaires, and interviews to evaluate patients’ experience, feedback, and public contentment. 2. Third-Party Assessments. Examples include peer review, accreditation, and ISO Standards that evaluate conformity to the international yardstick for quality marks. 3. Statistical Indicators. The impact data involved features league tables that function to foster hospital progress, public interest, transparency, and patient empowerment. Analyze Three Approaches Used to Implement these Quality Systems 1. Patient Charters. The UK government publishes patient-themed concessions that execute health education, complaint mechanisms, and care persistence to acquaint patients of their medical rights (Greenfield & Braithwaite 2008, p. 180). 2. Audit Monitoring. Certified Public Accountants should implement accreditation programs in hospitals to grade their adherence to the promulgated standard processes. Griffiths (2011) affirms that the balancing of ISO Standards, certification, and peer review revamp hospital performance, institutional development, and professional self-assessment. 3. Stakeholder Engagement. The participant stakeholders should contribute to the publication of the trust’s activities as grounds for calculated statistical indicators, to incorporate quality improvement and performance management (Care Quality Commission 2014). Identify the Benefits and Consequences of Implementing these Approaches The following points illuminate the benefits and consequences of implementing the systems above (Mannion 2012). Benefits * Improved Services. Quality systems secure a continuum of recommendatory services and map priority areas for performance improvement. * Budget Ratification. Performance structures ratify the value for money and investments to commissioners. * Credibility. Quality frameworks elevate stakeholder credibility by way of demonstrating positive outcomes. Dysfunctional Consequences * Tunnel Vision. The desire to implement quality may deflect attention from other unmeasured, yet essential areas including prenatal mortalities. * Public Trust Disintegration. Exposing poor NHS performance corrodes people’s confidence in zero-star hospitals and clinics. * Staff Intimidation. The management may turn to hassle and threaten the employees to meet performance foci. Conclusion National Health Service trust corporations require quality assurance and control to deliver premium health and social treatment services. As for RUH Bath trust, the Care Quality Commission’s report on the poor performance encountered is befitting, seeing that the board exercised fair regulations in the study (Griffiths 2011). The best approach for RUH is to enforce audit monitoring and stakeholder engagement to suffice patients’ requirements. References Care Quality Commission 2014, Royal United Hospital NHS Trust, media release, Web. Furness, S 2009, ‘A hindrance or a help? The contribution of inspection to the quality of care in homes for older people’, British Journal of Social Work, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 488-505. Greenfield, D & Braithwaite, J 2008, ‘Health sector accreditation research: a systematic review’, International Journal Quality Health Care, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 172-183. Griffiths, A 2011, ‘The quality and risk profiles of the Care Quality Commission’, Risk & Regulation, vol. 22, pp. 10-14. Mannion, R 2012, ‘Measuring hospital quality and performance’, The Quarterly, Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The main distinction is that members of subcultures are involved in the life of society. In contrast, counterculture representatives separate themselves from the larger community and live by their own norms and rules. As such, this work will describe a group that falls under one of the categories. It will also explain why this group can be referred to the category and give its main characteristics. Keirns et al. define counterculture as “a type of subculture that rejects some of the larger culture’s norms and values” (62). It should be noted that its members may strongly oppose rules and norms which exist in the rest of society. Sometimes, they create communities and live separately. World history has seen a number of such examples, and I would like to highlight one of them. In my opinion, American suffragists can be classified as representatives of the counterculture as they fit the category’s description. The suffrage movement appeared in the USA and consisted of women who “agitated on behalf of women’s voting rights in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries” (Misiroglu 692). There were more radical activists in England who were known as suffragettes. At the time, women were shorn of the many rights that men had, and some of them formed groups that aimed to attain equal rights. Today one would say that those women were feminists as their demands and ideas had much in common with the feminist movement. To my mind, suffragists fall in the counterculture category because they separated themselves from greater society, had a set of firm ideas, and were strongly opposed to the existing order. Works Cited Keirns, Nathan J., et al. Introduction to Sociology. 2nd ed., OpenStax College, Rice University, 2017. Misiroglu, Gina. American Countercultures: An Encyclopedia of Nonconformists, Alternative Lifestyles, and Radical Ideas in US History . Routledge, 2015. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Construction of Race in “The Eye of the Storm” Video Essay The “Eye of the Storm” video is a fascinating example of how race can be socially constructed in the classroom. Jane Elliott created a distinction between blue-eyed and brown-eyed children, teaching the young participants that their peers with brown eyes were superior (Bloom). Although this contrast does not possess any inherent meaning and is merely a representation of one’s amount of melanin in the body, it became significant for the children. Thus, Elliott socially constructed race by suggesting that one group of children is better than the other, with the eye colors serving as symbols to emphasize race and group belonging. As a result of such distinction, differences in the students’ activities and performance became evident. Elliott observed that the children who were in the brown-eyed group grew more confident, and they began to behave more condescendingly towards their blue-eyed peers. Contrastingly, the latter students have been reported to become more shy and timid, supposedly intimidated by the pressure from the other group (Bloom). Blue-eyed children felt less reassured, with their academic performance dropping significantly and their relationships with their former brown-eyed classmates becoming worse (Bloom). By the end of the activity, a drastic difference between the two groups was remarkably clear, and fights between the learners could be seen frequently. Thus, each group was negatively impacted by the new racial social structure. What stood out to me the most in this experiment was how quickly the changes in the children’s behavior became evident. Although the classmates appeared to have close relationships before the distinction was made, these connections were abruptly severed after Elliott created the two groups. The new behavioral patterns formed very soon, demonstrating how easily children can incorporate the new rules into their daily lives. From this perspective, teachers and adults should be exceptionally careful when educating children on various topics, as the results of such learning can be devastating. Work Cited Bloom, Stephen. Lesson of a Lifetime . Smithsonian Magazine, 2005, Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Opportunity Cost in the University of California Report The University of California, Los Angeles was one of the universities that enrolled students in the athletics department. The school had to cater for the athletics department expenses. Although they got some sponsorship, they still had to cut down the budget. Opportunity cost is the benefit that an individual or an institution loses for having taken a different decision or choice. The administration decided to eliminate ten scholarships in men’s swimming team and admit ten more tuition-paying students. It is correct to say that the opportunity cost is the foregone revenue from the ten paying students (Finley 20). The UCLA School has been promoting the athletics department and ensuring that they get scholarships for the students tuition needs. The athletics department was supposed to support the university. It was also supposed to raise some funds for the department and the school through the sporting activities. For the last four years, the athletics budget has been increasing rapidly. The two digits increase in student tuitions has also led to the rise in the sports budget. It has made the costs of managing games to keep going up. The athletics fans in Los Angeles would only support a team as long as it is winning in the competitions. They quickly withdrew their support when the team was losing or seen as a loser. It is, however, different in Texas and other places where fans have a passion for their team whether it wins or loses (Finley 20). The fans portray their liking or dislike through their purchase of tickets in Los Angeles. The pressure became too high for the athletics department to handle. The reduction in the purchase of tickets with the plummeting expenses could only lead to small cash (Finley 20). The school could then start making losses. They started monitoring all the unit costs and revenues. They advised the coaches to watch their hotel bookings and transportation costs. Thus the pressure to reduce costs was high. The fans’ change of heart all the time would lead to the loss of passion in the game. The athletics department was supposed to raise money through the sporting activities so that it could provide scholarships for tuition. The decision seemed to be good, but it depended on the university’s funding and the fans base support. The management had to find a better way to cut down or minimize the department’s costs. They needed to get back to profitability whichever way. By choosing to remain with the Athletics team the way it was with the increased tuition fee, they would continue to make losses. If they maintained the ten scholarship men in the swimming category, the opportunity cost was the foregone revenue from the ten would be paying students (Finley 20). There are two ways of looking at the opportunity cost. One is the alternative paying students that would replace the scholarship swimming men’s team. The benefit of the tuition-paying students is that they help to reduce the losses gap and hence could improve the profit margins. The second way is the differences in return between the tuition-paying students and the ten athletics men. For instance, if the current status is leading to millions of losses in expenses, the department can change it. The admission of tuition-paying students in place of the scholarship students would bring positive cash flow. The difference between the income from the paying students and the expenses from athletics men is the opportunity cost. Works Cited Finley, Andrew. “Staying Out Of the Fiscal Red Zone | Daily Bruin”. Dailybruin.com . N.p., 2005. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Analysis of the Gilman’s “Yellow Wallpaper” Report In the story ‘the Yellow Wallpaper’ by Charlotte, the narrator is a lady who is married to a physician and confined in a room covered with yellow wallpaper. Throughout the entire story, the narrator is emotionally disturbed and is filled with bad feelings such as dislike, loneliness, obsession, nostalgia, anger, sadness, and helplessness. The narrator suffers from a mental condition and is angered by the fact that her husband who is a physician does not believe that she is sick ‘You see he does not believe I am sick!’ (Gilman 1). Contrary to what is expected of physicians, her husband who is a physician dismisses the seriousness of her condition and goes on assuring relatives and friends that she only suffers from ‘a slight hysterical tendency’ (Gilman 2). This makes her feel so helpless ‘And what can one do?’ (Gilman 2). The narrator also has a dislike towards her husband’s actions. He gives her drugs and forbids her from performing any congenial work ‘Personally, I disagree with their ideas’ (Gilman 2). She is also filled with sadness because of a lack of support from her husband and society in coping with her condition. “-but John says the very worst thing I can do is to think about my condition, and I confess it always makes me feel bad” (Gilman 5). From the way she describes and interacts with the room, one can notice that she has a dislike and immense hatred towards the room she is confined in. She believes that hatred radiates from the room. “It is stripped off–the paper–in great patches all around the head of my bed, about as far as I can reach, and is a great place on the other side of the room low down. I never saw a worse paper in my life” (Gilman, 9). She hates the yellow color and describes it as unclean. She also supposes that the room was a nursery school and the children studying in it must have hated the wallpaper just like her. This clearly shows that she hates the room because it confines her from the outside world and she is, therefore, unable to interact with other people (Gilman 7-19). More about The Yellow Wallpaper Who is Jane in the Yellow Wallpaper? 5 502 What Is the Importance of the Nurse in The Yellow Wallpaper? 5 237 The Yellow Wallpaper: Is John the Real Villain of the Story? 5 214 What Is the Significance of the Narrative Form in The Yellow Wallpaper? 5 82 What Does the Yellow Paper Symbolize? 5 344 What Is the Main Conflict in The Yellow Wallpaper? 4.4 1854 The narrator becomes obsessed with the mental picture of the woman. She thinks about her all the time and tries picturing her. She pictures her climbing through the paper wall and creeping during the daylight. She also pictures her getting out during the daytime, walking along the road under trees, and hiding under blackberry vines. ‘I see her on that long rod under the trees creeping along, and when a carriage comes, she hides under the blackberry vines (Gilman 23). She is also nostalgic towards her husband’s sister. She is happy that she does her job well as a housekeeper but angry that she thinks that writing is the cause of her sickness. ‘She is a perfect and enthusiastic housekeeper, and hopes for no better profession. I verily believe she thinks it is the writing which made me sick!’ (Gilman 36). Her sadness sometimes results from her loneliness. ‘So I walk a little in the garden or down that lovely lane, sit on the porch under the roses, and lie down up here a good deal’ (Gilman 45). The narrator says that she spends most of her time crying when no one is present but once her husband comes in, she stops ‘I cry at nothing, and cry most of the time’ (Gilman 55). The dislike, loneliness, obsession, nostalgia, anger, sadness, and helplessness she feels makes her feel suicidal. She gets a rope and tries finding something that she can stand on. ‘But I forgot I could not reach far without anything to stand on!’ (Gilman, 58). When she is unable to hang herself, she contemplates jumping out of the window ‘To jump out of the window would be admirable exercise, but the bars are too strong even to try (Gilman 59). Work Cited Gilman, Charlotte Perkins . The yellow wall-paper. New York: Forgotten Books, 1973. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Symmetric Key Cryptography Strengths 3. Symmetric Key Cryptography Weaknesses 4. Asymmetric Key Cryptography Strengths 5. Asymmetric Key Cryptography Weaknesses 6. How Encryption is Used by Criminals 7. Conclusion 8. References Introduction * Cryptography in various forms is one of the most standard and relatively reliable tools utilized in contemporary cyber security. * Cryptographic protection of a system depends on two factors, 1) the strength of the keys and effectiveness of associated protocols, and 2) protection of said keys via key management (generation, storage, and distribution). * Therefore, it is important to consider that strong algorithms combined with poor key management is just likely to fail as if there was strong key management with a poor algorithm. * Three general classes of cryptographic algorithms approved by NIST – hash function, symmetric-key algorithm, and asymmetric-key algorithm (Turner, 2019). * Each has its trade offs and depends on the security goal being accomplished. Symmetric Key Cryptography Strengths * Algorithm transforms data to be virtually unlockable without a key. * Designated standard by U.S. government, combined with 256-bit key length, impossible even for a supercomputer to guess the combinations. * Offers benefit of data confidentiality by using the same key for encryption and decryption. * Symmetric key encryption is fast and efficient for large data amounts (Shinder & Cross, 2008). * Can be used in payment applications, such for card transaction, with the PII being protected to prevent identity theft. Symmetric Key Cryptography Weaknesses * The key has to be shared with the party to whom the data is being relayed, making it vulnerable to intercept by malicious parties. * Since symmetric key is universal, if a malicious party is able to have access to the key, they can decrypt everything from both sides. * Every use of the key can leak some information which presents potential opportunity for an attacker to reconstruct it. * The larger the system gets, the greater the need for a computerized key management system, for example key cards being released in the workplace (Smirnoff & Turner, 2019). Asymmetric Key Cryptography Strengths * Also known as public key encryption, asymmetric encryption creates a key pair generated to be used together. A private key is never shared and only used by its owner, and the public key is available to everyone. * Logically it is mathematically unfeasible to re-create the private key based on the public key. * If they system is compromised, attackers will only have access to half the data or communications. * No need for safety of key transmission as the public key cannot be used alone, only the private key associated with that public key can decrypt a received message (Shinder & Cross, 2008). Asymmetric Key Cryptography Weaknesses * Technology used in encryption systems that require key exchange over public network, such as email security or web security. * Asymmetric cryptography is generally slower than other methods due to the complex mathematical process of using two keys. * No built-in authentication for public key, still allowing for identity theft or interception of messages. * Computationally costly compared to counterparts as the keys must be much longer to have same level of security. * Vulnerable to brute-force attacks (Blumenthal, n.d.). How Encryption is Used by Criminals * Encryption offers security to malicious parties just as it does to organizations or individuals. * Criminal can encrypt all their incoming and outgoing communications, to the point where they can chat on public forums without anyone being able to decode. * Transmission of key data in criminal/terrorist attacks with little possibility of being intercepted by law enforcement. * Hiding criminal identity in communications for ransoms and otherwise (Oksholen, n.d.). * Countermeasures may include projects such as CT-SNAIR that model criminal networks, physical interception of decryption keys by law enforcement, and counterhacking by cybersecurity experts trying to find vulnerabilities in criminal networks. Conclusion * Encryption is a strong protection measure used by organizations. * Symmetric and asymmetric key cryptography approach encryption differently but each carries certain risks. * Along with encryption, it is necessary to practice other security measures such as key management. * Important to realize criminals and attackers may exploit cryptology to provide protection for themselves or deceive themselves. References Blumenthal, M. (n.d.). Encryption: Strengths and weaknesses of public-key cryptography . Web. Oksholen, T. (n.d.). Encrypted crimes . Sintef. Web. Shinder, L., & Cross, M. (2008). Scene of the cybercrime (2nd ed.). Syngress. Smirnoff, P., & Turner, D. M. (2019). Symmetric Key Encryption – why, where and how it’s used in banking. Cryptomathic. Web. Turner, D. M. (2019). Summary of cryptographic algorithms – according to NIST . Cryptomathic. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
They can serve as excellent means for advertising and awareness raising. At the same time, social networks are powerful enough to destroy brands’ reputations and endanger their images. Since all of the contemporary powerful and famous brands are employing social networks, this risk is relevant to every one of them. One mistake can lead to a chain reaction and very serious negative consequences such as loss of clients, popularity and revenues. This paper discusses a situation that happened with Kitchen Aid when their company Twitter account was jeopardized by an inappropriate post. Not so long ago, Kitchen Aid found itself in the middle of a rather serious social network crisis which happened due to an accident on the company’s official Twitter account. The situation occurred unexpectedly. Someone from the Kitchen Aid staff posted a message about President Obama’s grandmother and her death days before Obama became President. The post was rather insensitive. Even though the message was deleted very soon after being placed, a lot of people noticed it and immediately reacted. This created a typical social media crisis when a mistake causes ripple effect and results in an endangerment of the brand reputation. The company authorities chose to handle the accident with honesty. The leaders of Kitched Aid admitted that it was a big mistake that a staff member was able to post such message on behalf of the company on its official account. This created an illusion that the whole company shared the way of thinking of the author of the post. Cynthia Soledad, the head of the company’s brand immediately apologized to President Obama. Besides, she emphasized that the author of the insensitive message would no longer be allowed to post on behalf of Kitchen Aid. In my opinion, the social media crisis in this situation was handled in the best way possible. The main benefits of this approach were the speed with which the company’s authorities reacted to the crisis, and the honesty they demonstrated. Kitchen Aid leaders quickly noticed and deleted the inappropriate message endangering their brand reputation which minimized the number of Twitter users who noticed the post. They also immediately directed their apologies to President Obama and accepted the fact that they made a mistake. The situation could have been avoided. The main cause of this crisis was the confusion of personal and company Twitter accounts. A post like that would still be insensitive if it was posted on an individual channel, but placing it on the company page was wrong because it created bad reputation for the whole brand and everyone related to it. This is why every organization using social media should make sure that personal accounts of staff members are not confused with the official page. In my opinion PR managers are responsible for social media crises. PR managers promote brands and build their reputation, and this is done by means of creating social network accounts and interacting with the public. This is why PR managers are to monitor the messages the brands communicate to the public and image that it creates for the businesses. It is their duty to follow that the brand is only associated with positive notions and concepts, and all the negative factors are quickly eliminated. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Moral virtue was defined by Aristotle as an individual’s disposition to make the right decisions as a mediating action targeted to balance excess and deficiencies, which were considered vices. People can learn moral virtue through establishing different habits as well as practicing reasonable actions. Thus, virtue can be described as a matter of establishing appropriate attitudes toward both pleasure and unpleasant moments. When discussing his theory of moral virtue, Aristotle made a point to suggest that the central goal is to achieve a balance between virtue and vice – a mean between extremes that exist in one’s actions, thoughts, behaviors. Within the moral virtue theory, Aristotle stated that people must do the right thing because it is considered right and not because there is a personal gain that can be achieved from it. Thus, moral virtue is something that people should understand intellectually and apply their knowledge to practice. Main body In contrast to virtue, vice is defined as a disposition to make wrong decisions as a means to respond to the outside factors; put simply, vice is the absence of virtue and therefore cannot allow an individual to become truly happy. While vices can be viewed from the perspective of being opposite to virtues, Aristotle made a different distinction. For each virtue, there are two vices, one of deficiency and one of excess, which aligns with the idea that virtue is needed to achieve balance. When discussing different spheres of action, a distinction between vices of excess and vices of deficiency can be made. For example, in the ‘wealth’ sphere of action, charity is considered a virtue while greed is a vice of excess and stinginess is a vice of deficiency. Notions of virtue and vice directly relate to Aristotle’s ideas of character education, which he considered to reference the solid foundation of the philosophy of life, especially when it comes to educating oneself in politics and ethics. It is evident that character education for Aristotle lied in the “cultivation of the mind” as a “major concern in education” (p. 70). Both virtue and vice build one’s character and therefore can contribute to the view of happiness. Happy people are those who managed to cultivate their character and mind to high degrees and maintain the acquisition of goods within limits that they can manage. Therefore, character education leads to happiness that is equal to the amount of wisdom and virtue. The latter can be divided into two kinds: intellectual and moral. While intellectual virtue is improved and increased through instruction, moral virtue is the end product of habit. Conclusion In a general educational system, character education can be associated with teaching people how to exercise their virtue to contribute to the lives of others while also enriching their own lives. This can be done through charitable and community work, which is sometimes included in extra-curriculum work. However, such work is rarely the focus of educational programs because theoretical knowledge and other skills such as reading or writing are unfortunately considered more important than character education. Teaching students moral and civic virtues is an essential component of education because it will prepare them for future lives in a ‘grown-up’ world. Since moral virtue implies finding a balance between vices, character education will contribute to building interpersonal and societal skills, without which striking a balance between vices will be near to impossible. References Ladikos, A. (2010). Aristotle on intellectual and character education. Phronimon, 11 (2), 69-83. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
It involves rational and systematic methods for studying the existence of God as well as the nature of religions, religious truths and the relationship between God and humans. Cosmology involves systematic and rational methods for studying the origin of the universe based on evolution. In religion, mythological cosmology deals with the study of a body of beliefs based on religious, mythological, historical and esoteric traditions about the creation and the origins of man and the universe (Zuntz 126). Originating from the ancient Greece, Theogony is a synthesis of the ancient Greek traditions about the existence and role of gods. The Hesiod’s Theogony is an account of the narratives that show the origins and ancestry of gods. It also explains how these gods started controlling the cosmos. According to Zuntz (147), mythology is the rational and systematic study of myths of a group of people or society, including the body of narratives and stories about the nature, customs and history of the people, their beliefs and gods or deities. The impact of a culture’s mythology, cosmology and theology on the social value- Islam, Christianity and Mesopotamian/Babylonian traditions Babylonian mythology and its impact on social value The Babylonian Theogony provides a detailed origin of gods and goddesses who were involved in incest and murder at the beginning of the world. Although the writings present cosmic themes, they are based on realistic details that governed the social life in Babylonia. For instance, the gods, like humans, had to dig into the mass of the earth to release groundwater in order to form the sea. The Babylonian mythology also describes how the deities built cities such as the “Dunnu, the twin towers”, which became the seat of their rule on earth (Damrosch and Pikes 8). These provide adequate evidence of the Babylonian settled farming culture and the great cities. It justifies the Babylonian social value of equal involvement of people in economic activities in order to improve social welfare. Secondly, the Babylonian social values of peace, love and respect for humanity are portrayed in the Babylonian Theogony. For instance, in the Epic of Gilgamesh, the Earth considers respect for other people. She does not enforce herself on her son because she says, “…Come, let me make love to you” (Damrosch and Pikes 12). In addition, when Amankandu kills his father and marries his mother, he realizes the “crucial pair of sins” he had committed. To reconcile with the social norms, he treats his father’s body with reverence and lays him in the city of Dunnu. Thus, these aspects of the Babylonian theology indicate how the social values developed. The society expected peace, love and humility. In addition, it held marriage and childbearing with regard as indicated in the Epic of Gilgamesh. Christian mythology and social values In Christianity, the social values of equality, love and respect for humanity are described in the belief in God and the Holy Trinity. The belief in the existence of Jesus as a human and the son of God at the same time portrays the Christianity’s social values of love and universal humanity. For instance, Mark recorded Jesus’ response saying, “…The most important commandment is…Love your God and your neighbor”. Every other law is secondary to the law of love (Sykes 56). Islamic Theology and its impact on social values One of the main social values in Islamic theology is the nature of humans. In Islam, Allah, the God, provided human beings with a good nature and a purpose. According to Islamic theology, humanity was also “endowed with a deep awareness of the existence of God” (Karenga 48). Thus, humans have the natural and independent ability to perceive what is right, good and ethical. God expects the society to do the right, love and live with each other harmoniously. Works Cited Damrosch, David and David Pikes. The Longman Anthology of World Literature . New York: Longman, 2008. Print. Karenga, Maulana . Selections from the Husia: Sacred Wisdom of Ancient Egypt . Mali: Univ of Sankore, 2009. Print. Sykes, Stephen. The Identity of Christianity . London: SPCK, 2004. Print. Zuntz, Günther. Persephone: Three Essays on Religion and Thought in Magna Graecia . Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2001. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Augustine and His Confession Essay Religion demands that the follower lives in the ways and norms of the outlined religious texts. Christians use the bible for this particular referencing. The holy book has the expectations set out to ensure the followers, also known as Christians are aware of what the Supreme Being expects of them. This paper will focus on a key scholar and developer of the Christian’s concepts and laws. It will focus on Augustine his confession, his achievement through the same confessions; the document will also focus on the challenges that he encountered while trying to make his confessions. Augustine Wrote in A.D. 397, The Confessions . He outlines his history as a young man of grace. Augustine’s Confessions is written and elaborated in thirteen books. The books praise the righteous and good God. They speak of either the evil or good that Augustine engaged in while exciting men’s minds and affections toward their creator God. He explains through his life experiences and the events around him, the value and presence of God. He confesses as stated by O’Donnell (3) because he has identified that he is sinful and often falls short of the glory of his creator. The first through to the tenth books are about Augustine and his experiences and the last three are dedicated to the Holy Spirit. Augustine, in the first book, looks at his infancy and confesses his inclination to all the pleasures and vices than to the study of the scriptures. At puberty, he engages in lustful pleasures and steals with his companions. He grows into a trend of wicked passions and the vices of his times. He confesses to the grief and pain when he lost a friend. Throughout his works, as stated by O’Donnell (4), he confesses to the shame he feels for all the sins he had committed. At thirty, he discovers the truth of the catholic doctrine. By showing what he is and what he was, he intends to display the great fruits of confessions. His judgment upon his acts and thoughts is based on the conception of temptation. He commemorates the Lord who he claims is the main mediator of God and man. According to Augustine, as stated by O’Donnell (2), human nature is sinful and there is a need to recollect and seek repentance from God. He turns his memories of the past events to the inner unknown mysteries of his memory. At this point, he reviews his motives during the writing of the confessions. This motive is to bring man closer to God. This concept brings forth the broad analysis of how memory relates to an individual and its power. He in-depth explores the true meaning of true prayer. He looks in-depth into the temptations and appetites that the human body and soul are subjected to and how they respond. He applauds that the mediator between God and man was from a Godly origin. The concept of sin is a major barrier to the confessions of Augustine. The concept tends to create confusion on whether evil is intentional or a product of nature and its balance (O’Donnell 47). In conclusion, Augustine had his share of a sinful past. He, through a description of his past, confesses to his past wrong behavior and evil thought. He confesses to the shame and guilt of his activities. When he lost a friend, he confesses to the feeling of fear and regret. His main challenge is the concept of sin as either a material object or as a non-tangible spirit that exists in the same state as good. His confessions enlighten Christians on the need to repent their fouls to God who provides grace at all times. Works Cited O’Donnell, James. Augustine: Confessions . Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Managing Complex Employment Expectations Case Study Table of Contents 1. Abstract 2. Content of a Traditional Expatriate Package 3. SWOT Analysis of the Local International Policy 4. Employers’ and Employees’ Needs 5. Fairness of the Three Packages 6. Global Application of the Local International Policy 7. Reference Abstract The traditional expatriate package provides benefits such as housing allowance and ensures that employees’ salaries are not reduced when they take international assignments. However, it cannot be sustained due to its high costs. The local international policy reduces costs by reducing the expats’ salaries and benefits. However, the application of the policy is limited due to restrictive laws in host countries. Generally, the employers expect to reduce costs, whereas employees need financial stability when they take international assignments. Thus, employers should strike a balance between reducing costs and enhancing employees’ financial stability. Content of a Traditional Expatriate Package In the traditional expatriate package, expats are paid salaries that enable them to maintain the purchasing power in their home countries in the host country. This implies that the expats’ remuneration is not altered to their disadvantage. This motivates employees to relocate to foreign countries. The package also provides additional benefits such as housing allowance and travelling costs. These benefits are provided to address the relocation challenges that might have negative impacts on expats’ work. The main limitation of the contract is that it is expensive. Thus, it cannot be used by the company to handle its emerging needs concerning transfer of knowledge and gaining international experience among employees. Additionally, the contract does not motivate expats to return to their countries, thereby denying new hires a chance to gain international experience. SWOT Analysis of the Local International Policy The main strength of the policy is that it enables the company to reduce costs by eliminating the expensive benefits associated with the traditional expatriate contract (Dowling et al., 2008). It also promotes equality by ensuring that locals and foreigners are earning the same salary. The main weakness of the policy is that it reduces the salaries of expats. This will lead to dissatisfaction and low morale. Moreover, elimination of most of the benefits after the first year will force expats to concentrate on issues such as their children’s education rather than working for the company. The policy provides an opportunity to localize the expats (Dowling et al., 2008). This is likely to improve the expats’ motivation to work in the host country. The threat to the policy is that employees will be reluctant to take international assignments for fear of salary reduction. Moreover, the policy might not work in countries with low social safety nets such as China. Employers’ and Employees’ Needs The employers’ needs regarding international mobility on a local international contract include reduction of costs and providing opportunities to more employees to gain international experience. The needs of employees, on the other hand, include financial stability and avoidance of disruption of family life. In order to meet the employers’ needs, the contract should limit the number of years spent on international assignments to reduce costs and to provide opportunities to more employees to gain international experience. In order to meet employees’ needs, the package should provide limited financial support to prevent significant reduction in expats’ purchasing power and to enable expats to relocate with their families. Fairness of the Three Packages According to the equity theory, an employee perceives fairness as a situation where the ratio of his effort to outcomes is comparable to those of his colleagues in the same position. In this context, the local employees will consider the expatriate contract to be unfair since the expats will be earning more than them. However, the expats will consider the contract to be fair since they will be earning the same salary as their colleagues in their home countries. The local international contract will be considered to be unfair to the expats since their salaries will reduce without a corresponding reduction in their efforts. Generally, the local contract is fair since both local employees and expats will earn the same salary. However, it is disadvantageous to expats since their salaries will reduce significantly. Procedural justice should be applied to ensure that the employees’ efforts commensurate with their salaries. Moreover, it should be used to ensure equitable compensation among employees in similar positions. Thus, the company should provide equal salaries to employees in a particular country. However, the expats should have additional benefits to compensate for the expected reduction in their salaries. This will lead to positive reactions to the packages. Global Application of the Local International Policy The main factors that the company should consider to improve the application of the local international policy include cost reduction, as well as, the impact of the policy on employees’ pay and performance. The company should provide the expats with opportunities to reduce living costs. This can be achieved through sharing the cost of basic needs such as housing. Thus, the local international package will be less expensive than the expatriate contract. Expats’ performance will also improve since the additional support from the company is likely to boost their motivation. Reference Dowling, P., Festing, M., & Engle, A. (2008). International Human Resource Management. London, England: Thompson Learning. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Medicare and Medicaid Programs’ Major Components Essay Both Medicaid and Medicare are government-sponsored healthcare programs for the disabled, uninsured, and the poor. Medicaid is a social protection or social welfare program, whereas Medicare is a social insurance program. President Lyndon B. Johnson approved amendments to the Social Security Act in 1965, which established these programs (Voort, 2017). As of November 2019, Medicaid covered about 65 million people, while Medicare covered 58 million (US Census Bureau, 2019). Medicare is a three-part system that includes a hospital that covers all inpatient treatments, medical coverage for outpatients, and pharmaceutical coverage for prescription medications. Patients must pay for some medication prescription due to a cost coverage gap. Although the prescription is covered by government insurance, individuals may pay fees to meet drug bills in some cases (Lee et al., 2019). There is always a set price for inpatients, which is paid as an admission or reception fee. Although the federal government covers the patients, the patient must cover a percentage of the cost in some cases. Because of the benefits it provides, the Social Security program in the United States should stay effective. Despite its flaws, it is nevertheless necessary to continue with the program. Even though many people think of social security as a retirement program, it also provides life insurance to the elderly and protects the disabled. In 2019, over 90% of Americans who worked in a covered area and were between the age of 21 and 64 had active social security coverage against disability (US Census Bureau, 2019). The cost of living continues to rise daily. Benefits under the social security program, on the other hand, are guaranteed to keep pace with rising living costs. Taking advantage of the perks, a low-wage worker retiring at 65 will receive over half of his pre-retirement earnings in 2020 (Lee et al., 2019). The potential of social security to lift older people out of poverty is the best example of its value. According to statistics, by the end of 2018, about 1.8 million families were lifted out of poverty by social security benefits (Lee et al., 2019). As a result, the social security program should be preserved because the benefits outnumber the drawbacks. References Le, Y., Mozaffarian, D., Sy, S., Huang, Y., Liu, J., Wilde, P. E., Abrahams-Gessel, S., Jardim, T. D., Gaziano, T. A., & Micha, R. (2019). Cost-effectiveness of financial incentives for improving diet and health through Medicare and Medicaid: A microsimulation study. PLOS Medicine , 16 (3), e1002761. Web. US Census Bureau. (2019). Health insurance coverage in the United States: 2018 . The United States Census Bureau. Web. Voort, T. V. (2017). In the beginning: Medicare and Medicaid . Miller Center. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Ethics in Movement of Operations to Another Country Essay (Critical Writing) Business personnel needs to guide employees on the plans that have been undertaken to improve the functionality of a company. This is significant because it helps the employees to make decisions that are in line with the company code of ethics. This article focuses on a business that planned to move its operations to Indonesia, and the ethical implications involved. Unethical elements in the movement It is unethical to move the company to Indonesia in this scenario. The company should first state the core values and the purpose of this plan to the employees. Doubling the salary does not cover up for the inconveniences that this operation may cause on the part of the workers. The employees should interact with the human personnel department and also even inform the public of the plans that the business wants to undertake to increase the integrity of the company and the public image. The decisions made should also consider both the internal and external aspects. In this manner, the business gets an opportunity to do away with any activity that could be considered to compromise its core values and purpose (Waller, 2010). A company increases its integrity by balancing the work of its employees with their other responsibilities like their families and their other personal activities. Management of a company should focus both on the employees and the customers because the two parties keep the business running. The management should uphold honesty to create a working friendly environment so-called a spirited workplace which has been shown by many studies to increase the productivity of a company. The individuals running the operation of management should treat their employees as they would like themselves to be treated, and this could only be achieved through consulting their employees whenever they are making decisions especially major decisions like in this scenario (Thompson, 2002). Motive or conduct Without conduct, the motive of a company will never be realized. The management can take advantage of the lack of strict enforcement of regulations to only focus on personal interests of creating a wider market of their products, which are not going to be achieved in this scenario while forgetting about the needs and interests of their employees. The motive, in this case, can be termed as greed because it degrades the integrity of the company, and shows a lack of uprightness and moral standards. The business may be transferred to Indonesia but never prosper because of lack of employees, lack of the working spirit that they once had, lack of market, high costs of the raw materials and not to mention its paying double salary. This would be a great compromise of the integrity of the company and would be a moral hazard too. Increasing the earnings of a company should not be the sole purpose of management, because in so doing it would decrease the benefits that the stakeholders are enjoying. The integrity of a company is more than its productivity but comprises many aspects including morality proper. Integrity has been described by some authors to be an adjunctive or secondary virtue. Others call it a synthesis or unity of virtues; or a high order virtue. These aspects have been changed by many businesses with the primary goal to increase their profits. This is even though most of these companies claim to be placing integrity at the heart of their functions. This case study is an example of conflicts of interest between the employees and the management due to violations of the standards of integrity. The management should learn from other big companies that have collapsed due to poor management, like Enron, and know that the integrity of the company is crucial and should be observed to the letter since it is the basic virtue that determines its existence, functionality, and thus benefit to all (Becker, 2009). References Becker, G. (2009). Integrity as a Moral Ideal and Business Benchmark. Journal of International Business Ethics , 2, 2. Thompson, W. (2002). Restoring Integrity to Business. Business Network of the union league of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Cengage Learning. Waller, J. (2010). Creating Ethical Business Standards . Alaska business monthly, Alaska: Prentice Hall. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Social Work Practice From an Ecological Perspective Case Study This week’s case is focused on the psychological struggles of Michael Brown, a 17-year old African-American male. The social worker analyzed and attempted to understand the environment of the client from different perspectives. With the assumption that understanding a client cannot be considered in isolation, the social worker paid attention to how Michael’s life circumstances, his social, physical, and cultural environment shaped his perspective on the world. The social worker incorporated the life model approach into the ecological perspective by analyzing the main stressors that caused the client’s depression. Namely, significant stressors such as difficult life transitions and dysfunctional transactions played an essential role in Michael’s attempt to develop while maintaining person: environment fit (Teater, 2014). The social worker implemented the life model approach in four stages: first, in the preparatory stage, the social worker attempted to get to know the client and his environment (Teater, 2014). Secondly, in the “Initial: getting started” stage, the client shared his experiences, and the social worker expressed empathy while remaining non-judgmental (Teater, 2014). At this stage, the worker and client identified main stressors and goals to address them. Thirdly, the “Ongoing: working towards the goal” phase characterized Michael’s finding a school and job, a new apartment, and working on his feelings about his mother and siblings (Teater, 2014). Finally, in the “Ending” stage, the social worker and client evaluated the achievements (Teater, 2014). Thus, the author incorporated the life model approach with an ecological perspective to analyze the client’s interaction and interdependence with other aspects of his environment. The case presents a situation in which pressures from different environments intersected and affected each other negatively. Michael struggled to connect with the school socially as he did not understand its usefulness (Teater, 2014). Although his relationship with the foster family and CPS workers was good, he missed his siblings who lived in different foster families (Teater, 2014). The client was isolated from his foster family in a physical environment and had limited contact with them (Teater, 2014). Lastly, since he left his siblings, Michal felt that he did not meet the cultural expectations of being a leader and caretaker (Teater, 2014). He also had to take care of himself and become independent, for which he did not feel prepared (Teater, 2014). Hence, these different environments intersected and caused Michael to feel as if everything was meaningless to him and that there were no prospects. Reference Teater, B. (2014). Social work practice from an ecological perspective. In C.W. LeCroy (Ed.), Case studies in social work practice (3rd ed., pp. 35-44). Wiley. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Power Distance and State Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Power distance and State in relation to Washington 3. International Personality who reflects use of power 4. Relation to real world 5. Conclusion 6. Reference List Introduction Power distance index varies from one country to another. This is mainly because it depends on the cultures of a country. In this regard, countries with high power distance tend to convey huge differences between the citizens and their leaders. Similarly, those with low power distance tend to convey small differences between leaders and their citizens. In essence, countries have diverse cultures that determine how they interact with one another. In the process, this determines the level of interaction that occurs between them. This paper will explore power distance and state as well as relate it to Washington (Curtiss, 2006, p. 1). Power distance and State in relation to Washington Power distance refers to the capability of a culture to value or not value relationship in hierarchy along with respect for authority. According to theorists such as Geert Hofstede, among others, behavior of individuals in various countries are determined by five fundamental factors. These include masculinity, long-term orientation, individualism, uncertainty avoidance and power distance index. In this regard, countries whose leaders show authorities through class divisions, behavior or dressing have high power distance indices while those that do not have low ones. In contrast, leaders in countries with low power distance indices tend to relate more easily with other citizens. Washington is an example of a state with low power distance as shown in American index of 40%. Moreover, the recent Wall Street protest was a demonstration that people wanted a lower power distance index in the country (Curtiss, 2006, p. 1). International Personality who reflects use of power The personality who reflects use of power is United States’ president Barack Obama, this is mainly because he has worked to ensure that the very wealthy who seem to increase power distance are taxed to help reduce economic differences. In this regard, his use of power aims to bridge the gap between the rich and poor in United States as well as give equal opportunity to every American to become wealthy (Cohen & Valencia, 2008, p. 1). Relation to real world Issues of culture are important in day-to-day life. This is mainly because they define society. Moreover, they establish a given direction for the community with regards to all aspects of life. For instance, it defines how they relate to their leaders. On the other hand, conflict is brought about by difference in ideas. This is very possible in cases where people come from diverse cultures. Culture is therefore related to conflict. For instance, individuals from varied cultures tend to differ in ideas. When they interact, such differences are likely to lead to conflict if they are both stereotyped on cultural influences. This is quite related to occurrences in our organization where new employees find it difficult to acquire the company’s organizational culture. This can lead to conflict as they try to understand new activities in work places. For instance, new employees from African culture find it hard to take orders from women. However, organizational culture requires everyone to submit to authority irrespective of gender (Cohen & Valencia, 2008, p. 1). Conclusion The reading was useful in connecting relationship between power distance, state and culture, among others. This helped me in understanding the factors involved in defining human behavior. This reading is important in helping people realize that they need to respect each other’s culture and try to use it to avoid conflict (Kirkman, 2010, p. 1). Reference List Cohen, E., & Valencia, J. (2008). Political Protest and Power Distance: Towards a Typology of Political Participation . Retrieved from: https://journals.openedition.org/bms/2833 Curtiss, J. (2006). Power Distance . Web. Kirkman, B. (2010). Power Distance and Transformational Leadership . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Metapath Company. Offers Evaluation Case Study Metapath Company had been financed by both external and internal sources from the year 1995 up to 1997. The shares held were classified as common stock and preferred stock; the preferred stock was divided further into classes A, B, C and D. There was a slight variation of rights in these classes of shares. Classes A and B were held by non-owners while classes C and D were held by the owners of the company. The total amounts available from the various shares as per the balance sheet were preferred stock class A $ 61, class B $ 976, class C $ 2, class D $ 7 and common stock $ 6. The price per share for the different classes was as follows, namely, preferred Class A $1.05, preferred class B $1.05, preferred class C $ 1.05, preferred class D $ 1.62 and common stock is 1.05. The capital structure and the total capital of Metapath Company influenced the offer price of Robertson and Stephens. The offer takes into consideration the rights of the various classes of share holders. It is along this line that they negotiate for a new class of preferred shares. The extra right to be attached to this class of shares is the right to participate in extra earnings of the company. RSC’s participating preferred stock is to earn dividends at the rate of the current preferred shares but the share has extra rights. A good example of these rights is the participating right of the shares. The participating right enables them to get a share of the excess earnings of the company similar to the owners of the company. I find RSC’s offer to Metapath attractive in terms of pricing. The only unattractive part of the offer are extra rights they have to acquire which are likely to dilute the ownership of Metapath Company. The shareholders of classes A, B, C and D will not be significantly affected by acceptance of the offer. They will earn dividends at the same rates although the prices of their shares are likely to fall since unlike classes A, B, C and D, the new class E has an extra right that will attract a high demand. The high demand will cause a rise in its price while the prices of the other classes fall. The dividends of common stock holders are likely to reduce if the offer is accepted. The new class of shares will have a right to participate in the excess earnings of the company which were initially shared among common stock holders as dividends. Thus, there will be a significant reduction in the dividends of the owners of the company. The Celltech offer is reasonable as it comes with immediate advantages. It does not dilute the ownership of the company and it is likely to increase the market of Metapath Company. The price of the offer also makes it reasonable and attractive. They should take into consideration the historic information available on the price of the shares of Celltech Company. The price has been rising all through. It will be fair to compute the average price over the years and use it as the current share price or use other computation methods that consider the rising price over the years. Some of the risks associated with the offer are the high competition in the telecommunication industry that may make the company go under as well as the fact that Celltech Company has not been in existence for a long time. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Blindness as a Public Health Nursing Issue Essay Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are key public health nursing issues that afflict many parts of the world. All diseases that do not spread from one person to another are called noncommunicable diseases (Basavanthappa, 2008). They include diseases such as cancers, diabetes, heart complications, injuries, and orodental ailments. Blindness also falls under NCDs because it cannot spread from one person to another. The International Association for the Prevention of Blindness describes total blindness as a situation where an individual possesses one twentieth of the normal eyesight, or when a person cannot count fingers that are one meter away from the person’s eyes (Basavanthappa, 2008). The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests a uniform measure for blindness and characterizes blindness as a visual perception that is lower than 3/60. Several ailments are accountable for visual impairment including trachoma, malnutrition, and cataracts. A “cataract is the opacity of the crystalline lens or its capsules” (Basavanthappa, 2008). Opacity causes changes in vision and objects appear deformed. The changes in vision bring about a horrible glare. The development of cataracts yields no pain, but it changes the appearance of the pupil from black to grey and finally white. In India, cataracts are the chief cause of blindness, accounting for 50 to 70% of all blind cases. Trachoma is an extremely contagious ailment of the eyelids. It causes a slight itching and inflammation of the eyelids. Follicles subsequently emerge following a heightened inflammatory process. The resultant discomfort blurs vision and affects the upper palpebral conjunctiva (Basavanthappa, 2008). Causes of blindness fall into two broad categories, which are acquired causes and congenital causes. Congenital causes include hereditary ailments and innate abnormalities, whereas acquired causes include trauma, infections, malnutrition, neoplastic among many others (Basavanthappa, 2008). Recent studies associate smoking with widespread sight-threatening eye problems (Thornton, Edwards, Harrison, Elton, Astbury, & Kelly, 2007). Thorntorn et al. suspect that there is little information concerning the relationship between smoking and eye conditions (2007). They explore several avenues of creating a program, which aims at reducing the burden of eye infections related to smoking (2007). A thorough literature evaluation of published proof linking smoking to eye ailments reveals a causal relationship between smoking, age-related muscular degeneration, and eye conditions. Population attributable risk (PAR) techniques estimate about 53,900 British residents above the age of 69 years have a visual impairment due to age-related muscular degeneration (AMD) attributable to smoking (Thorntorn et al., 2007). Out of the 53,900 people, 17,800 are blind. Thorntorn et al. advocate for all ophthalmologists identifying smokers among their patients and providing smoking cessation advice and support (2007). In addition, they draw the attention of healthcare professionals, policy makers, patients and the public by creating awareness on the impact of smoking on eye health. They further advocate the addition of the warning message “smoking causes blindness” on all tobacco products. This information is crucial to CHN because it equips a community health nurse to educate the community on healthy lifestyle choices. It encourages all people to quit smoking cigarettes to enhance the overall health of the eyes. As a student, I can use this knowledge to educate my fellow students on the dangers of smoking to their lungs, muscles, and eyesight. I can also equip them with information on how to maintain proper eyesight by eating a healthy diet, and treating all eye infections promptly before they develop into blindness. References Basavanthappa, B. T. (2008). Community health nursing (2 nd ed.). New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. Thornton, J., Edwards, R., Harrison, R. A., Elton, P., Astbury, N., & Kelly, S. P. (2007). ‘Smoke gets in your eyes’: A research-informed professional education and advocacy programme. Journal of Public Health, 29(2), 142–146. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Racism vs. “Love Thy Neighbor as Thyself” Essay The article by Meyerhoffer (2015) is a scholarly study of the issue of racial segregation that still exists in many American cities. In her research, the author investigates a variety of forms of “perceived threat” presented by neighboring minority groups and explores the effect of threat on residential discrimination (Meyerhoffer 2015:378). The article reveals crucial data about the treatment of blacks by their white neighbors as well as suggests the reasons why the latter may feel in particular ways towards the former. Upon analyzing scholarly literature, Meyerhoffer (2015) remarks that racial bias is closely associated with the sense of a dominant groups’ self-positioning and their feeling of collective threat. What is more, dominant groups may feel not safe due to their anticipation of minority groups’ capability of taking over the power and resources. In her examination of segregation trends, Meyerhoffer (2015) notes that the issue of discrimination intensifies urban problems and is responsible for the economic disadvantages of ethnic and racial minority groups. What is more, it is indicated that blacks, among other minorities, are deprived of good education and work, mobility, and other opportunities owned by the majority groups. Therefore, this article illustrates the ways in which the attitudes of neighbors construct blackness as a danger to the life and health of white people. Black people are perceived as intrinsically threatening subjects, and their living conditions turn to deteriorate through the refusal of the majority groups to accept them as equals. The questions raised in the article are crucial to analyze in the modern world. The author suggests a thorough analysis of academic literature focused on the issues of segregation and hostility among the representatives of different groups living close to one another. It is repeatedly mentioned in the study that majority groups are afraid to lose their dominance and power (Meyerhoffer 2015). However, there is no evidence of black people’s endeavor to take away any resources from the white ones. It is equal access to rights and freedoms that this minority group is seeking. Instead of claiming that black community members want to gain power, whites should analyze their attitude and realize that there is no way that such a scenario might be implemented. Black people are constantly deprived of many privileges, and their key goal is to reach a chance to have a decent level of life for themselves and their children. According to Meyerhoffer (2015), the level of segregation in the analyzed states has decreased rather slowly over the past thirty years. The dissimilarity index for white and black people is high, which requires serious measures. What is more, the author mentions that there is a growing tendency of discriminating against Latinos, which means that there is a threat of the appearance of one more minority group that might receive the same harsh acceptance as the black population has. Such a state of affairs is too serious about being neglected since it may lead to detrimental outcomes for the country and its people. Meyerhoffer’s (2015) study is a significant contribution to the investigation of racial bias problems. In particular, the author pays great attention to identifying the reasons why white people tend to fear blacks and what expectations they inevitably have of such neighborhoods, irrespective of experience and logical assumptions. Although the article provides relevant statistics, the problem of eliminating such occurrences remains. It is appalling that people should seek neighborhoods that do not include black families merely on the basis of their prejudiced opinions. It is necessary to minimize such practices and improve the level of white people’s acceptance of black people. In a world where many real problems exist, it is crucial to diminish the appearance of artificially creates issues so that everyone could obtain a chance of living in a way they want, working and studying where they desire, and having friendly relationships with their neighbors irrespective of their skin color. If citizens do not understand the significance of expressing compassion and friendliness to the groups different from their native one, they might soon initiate disagreements within their groups, which will lead to disastrous outcomes. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to educate citizens on mitigating their biases by demonstrating examples of peaceful ways of resolving conflicts among different groups. It is necessary to love all of the neighbors and not only the ones a person prefers based on unjustified assumptions. By doing so, we have an opportunity to make this world a better place. Reference Meyerhoffer, Cassi A. 2015. “ “I Have More in Common with Americans than I Do with Illegal Aliens”: Culture, Perceived Threat, and Neighborhood Preferences. ” Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 1, no. 3: 378-393. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Social Construct of Codes Essay Green building advancement dates back to the late nineteenth century when it started with the concepts of environmental conservation and preservation, and public health protection. The idea at that time was opposed because the public felt that it contradicted social norms that defined how a private home should be constructed for the good of the public. It was later accepted as a measure of environmental conservation and at the present, green building programmes are fully established departments in various counties in the United States. Home builder associations and non-governmental bodies have taken the collective responsibility in advocating for green building. Many people now believe that these programmes reflect a paradigm shift in the cultural perspective, in view of public health and environmental conservation (Moore, and Nathan 51). Building codes in the United States were adopted as a result of understanding and acceptance of the present day crisis where some individuals misuse the freedom and put up substandard buildings that pose danger to public health and safety. The legislation of the law may have received political scrutiny that could have led to delay of implementation were it not for the devastating fires of nineteenth century that destroyed eleven cities. Moreover, it is clearly evident how urbanization and industrialization processes have degraded the environment by polluting both air and water. There have also been reported cases where industries deliberately spilled their waste products into conduits that drained into clean water springs thus compromising the public health of people who depend upon this springs for clean water. Such acts have made the Government to urgently develop building codes in order to resuscitate the environment that is already degraded. Proper disposal of wastes not only by industries, but also the general public has been emphasized. For instance, the codes stipulate that any developer should never construct buildings on top of drainages. In addition, all houses should have proper drainage systems and septic tanks. The inception of building codes has shaped the path followed in this industry. For instance, it has pushed away constructors from the use of paints with volatile organic compounds to those without. Also building using wood is being discouraged because cutting of trees has led to destruction of environment. The codes have also called for the use of technologically developed building materials like tiles that does require painting as well as pvc pipes that do not rust. All these measures are geared towards preserving the environment by reducing air pollution and thus safeguarding public health (Moore, and Nathan 57). Of equal importance, the use of non volatile paint and avoiding wood in construction has greatly helped in prevention of fire. Utilitarianism holds the opinion that private homes either add to or reduce public wherewithal. With reference to industries, two types of damages are observed. The first one is air pollution resulting from oil refinery. The second type of damage is water pollution by disposal of waste products into clean water sources. The point of view held by the utilitarian theory is that the private property freedom should be minimized and closely monitored in order to reduce government revenue spent in rehabilitating the environment. As a result the cost maintaining the economy may reduce. In their opinion, green building codes promotes the general welfare of the public (Moore, and Nathan 60). In conclusion, the green building programme should be understood as an attempt to find a lasting solution to environmental problems that have resulted from construction industry, especially in real estate development. Standardization of the codes that to cut across the construction industry will ensure that environmental conservation is upheld by ensuring that buildings are put up using the highest possible standards. Green building can therefore be defined as a new social good that is within the jurisdictions of politics (Moore and Nathan 69). Lastly, green building program represents building codes as cultural and social standards that are based on collectively derived values targeted at public good. Works Cited Moore, Steven A., and Nathan Engstrom. “The Social Construct of ‘Green Building’ Codes.” Sustainable Architectures: Cultures and Natures in Europe and North America . Ed. Simon Guy and Steven A. Moore. New York: Spon Press, 2005. 51- 70. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Limits and Merits of Small sample surveys Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Advantages of small sample survey 3. Limits of a small sample survey 4. Conclusion 5. Reference List Introduction When conducting research, researchers normally use different methods of accumulating the data required for analysis. One of the commonly used methods of data collection is survey. Survey generally entails the process of gathering quantitative information concerning the particulars of a population. In most instances, the population is normally too large to have a survey conducted on the total items in the population (Stat Pac, 2011, p.1). Therefore, researchers normally opt using a sample survey to collect data and make inferences of the whole population based on it. A sample survey is therefore the survey conducted on the selected items of the total population. Sample surveys are in fact the preferred method of data collection because they are reliable as well as time and cost saving. By choosing sample survey as the method to collect and analyze data on the cultural values of the organization, Superb Consultants have made the right choice. Through the sample survey, Superb Consultants will be able to interview part of the employee population to gather information on the cultural values of the organization. However, their proposal of having the size of the sample size small is bound to bring a lot of controversy. This is because small sample surveys have both advantages and limitations. Advantages of small sample survey Having the size of the sample survey small has the following benefits. For one, the time taken to conduct the survey will be reduced. In this, the survey will be completed in the shortest time possible thus allowing time for analysis. Secondly, the cost of the research will be minimized (Math zone, 2011, p.1). The process of conducting surveys is normally expensive due to the materials required such as stationary and other data collection materials depending on the type of survey. In addition, a small sample survey will require less enumerators as well as a smaller team of supervisors thus cutting down on the cost. Limits of a small sample survey Despite the fact that the sample survey is representative of the total population, the total number of items surveyed should not be too small. This is because a small sample survey will have limitations especially when it comes to making inferences of the total population. To begin with, a small sample survey will not be a full representation of the total population thus leading to bias (Cortes et al, n.d, p. 1). This is because some of the items may be overlooked when designing the sample size thus omitting some of important items from the data. If this happens, the inferences made based on the small sample survey will not be a complete representation of the total population thus giving wrong inferences. For instance, in the case of Superb Consultants, they may end up interviewing more of the new employees who may have very little knowledge on the cultural values of the organization. There are also possibilities of having the survey repeated if the size of sample survey is small. This comes about when some of the respondents are uncooperative hence leading to less data collected. When the sample survey is adequate, such instances are rare since the data collected despite of the uncooperative respondents will be sufficient to make inferences. Conclusion Given the discussion on the limits and merits of small sample surveys, it can be concluded that large or adequate sample surveys are preferred. This is because of the limits that come in hand with small size sample surveys, which lead to wrong inference thus analysis. Therefore, the proposal of Superb Consultants is not efficient, as it will most likely lead to wrong conclusions being made on the cultural values of the organization. Reference List Cortes, C. Mohri, M. Riley, M., and Rostamizadeh, A. (n.d). Sample Selection Bias Correction Theory . Web. Math zone. (2011). Sample Survey and Advantages of Sampling . Web. Stat Pac. (2011). Survey Sampling Methods . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Problem of Cheating in Nursing Programs Essay Cheating is the use of unauthorized information to meet academic requirements. Despite nurses being expected to observe high moral and ethical standards, evidence from prior studies indicates that about 80% of nursing students engage in cheating activities to influence their academic performance (Devine & Chin, 2018). The most common types of cheating in nursing include copying tests and homework, referring to materials during tests, and collaborations without permission (Devine & Chin, 2018). During my early years in nursing school, I witnessed a case where students discussed an assignment without the professor’s consent. Investigations on the causes of academic dishonesty acts are critical to achieving academic integrity in nursing education. According to Devine and Chin (2018), some of the strategies that can help curb academic dishonesty include regular conversations about honesty and integrity, establishing anti-cheating pledges, and administering the same assessment in different versions. Additionally, learning should incorporate various assessment styles and discouraging statements that instill fear in students, such as “if you don’t pass this test, you will repeat the whole year.” The high prevalence of dishonesty has many consequences in the nursing profession (Devine & Chin, 2018). Eradicating academic cheating should be the prime focus of all nursing institutions. Reference Devine, C. A., & Chin, E. D. (2018). Integrity in nursing students: A concept analysis. Nurse Education Today , 60 , 133-138. Web. Self-reflection on Integrity Fortunately, I have never been involved in cheating, and I get troubled whenever I witness such an activity. Society believes that nurses have high moral integrity levels; thus, they get entrusted with people’s lives. Therefore, cheating violates the trust bestowed on nurses by the public (Devine & Chin, 2018). Learning institutions should take stringent actions against students engaging in such prohibited acts to curb the phenomenon, which is on the rise in learning institutions. I am willing to interfere with upholding academic integrity by reporting mischievous actions in my class. First, the parties involved should be warned, and if the behaviour persists, the professor needs to be secretly notified to collect evidence. The professor should then present the case to the school administration for action. The involved student requires a chance for self-defence, and necessary action is taken depending on the available evidence. Reference Devine, C. A., & Chin, E. D. (2018). Integrity in nursing students: A concept analysis. Nurse Education Today , 60 , 133-138. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
HIE Implementation in Medical Organizations Essay (Critical Writing) Health information exchange (HIE) is created to mobilize the health care data in electronic format. HIE strives to gather and unite medical information across healthcare organizations in towns, cities, and regions. Health information exchange enables hospital systems to move and exchange clinical data with each other. This way, clinical agencies can quickly receive and send data to facilitate effective work. It is essential to look at the sustainability of this system and examine the advantages and disadvantages of health information exchange for medical organizations and their patients. First of all, it is vital to determine the importance of the HIE system. For instance, the case with Memorial Hospital of Manchester speaks about failed information exchange due to conventional methods. Paper documents are transferred hard and for a long time, which undermines the effectiveness of the treatment of the patient. In addition, medical workers can lose these documents or confuse them, so it becomes hard to identify the patient and the disease history. These conventional ways of transferring information can be challenging to convert to electronic format to establish a compelling work of HIE systems. However, many clinical organizations strive to shift to a health information exchange system because it is more convenient than usual paperwork. Health information exchange would facilitate the organization in clinical agencies due to its legerity. There are multiple policies and procedures, communication models, and stakeholders’ diversity (Rhodes, 2006). HIE allows medical workers to access essential medical information quickly because of an electronic format. It also has many advantages, such as availability, facility, and efficiency (Zhuang et al., 2020). This system enables clinical organizations to improve public health monitoring, creates a potential opportunity for receiving feedback between medical agencies, and reduces costs for unnecessary paperwork. However, there are some doubts about health information exchange in practice. HIE structures deal with confidential information and security issues. Initially, this system was described as an ambiguous and obscure definition that deals with many problems, duties, and rights (Rhodes, 2006). To some extent, this can be true because those that are responsible for implementing HIE into medical systems should be able to handle multiple human rights laws, regulations, and stakeholders. Moreover, it is known that various networks can be hacked, and the breakout of private information might happen. It is also important to note that web systems can crash; the data will not be transmitted if the connection is not available. Participants of any medical organization with an implemented health information exchange network should acquire and follow a particular set of rules (Lenert & McSwain, 2020). For instance, all participants of the HIE structure should stick to one policy and create standard practices for the efficient work of this system. It should include following confidentiality standards, compliance with healthcare privacy, and usage security laws (Rhodes, 2006). In addition, each participant in health information exchange must be acknowledged with governmental and local confidential principles and reported if these principles are violated. Participants of the HIE structure should not exchange information that can provoke confusion and ambiguity and create problems in other organizations. It is also vital to establish limitations connected with disclosing private clinical information and imply implementing relevant security guarantees. To sum everything up, the implementation of health information exchange systems might be challenging. There are multiple advantages of this method, such as convenience, speed, and availability. At the same time, clinical organizations risk having their private data confused or hacked, which can undermine any medical agency’s reputation. It is vital to establish rules and stick to organizational principles to handle the HIE system efficiently. References Lenert, L., & McSwain, B. Y. (2020). Balancing health privacy, health information exchange, and research in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic . Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association , 27 (6), 963–966. Web. Rhodes, Harry B. (2006). Privacy and security challenges in HIEs: Unique factors add new complexities to familiar issues . Journal of AHIMA 77, 7 (1), 70-74. Web. Zhuang, Y., Sheets, L. R., Chen, Y. W., Shae, Z. Y., Tsai, J. J., & Shyu, C. R. (2020). A patient-centric health information exchange framework using blockchain technology . IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics , 24 (8), 2169–2176. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Process Market Relations Evolution in Modern World Essay The modern world could be characterized by the blistering development of market and market relations. Nowadays, people accept the only way of the development of the economy and try to devote a great deal of attention to the given pattern. The fact is the peculiarities of the development of society resulted in the creation of the conditions beneficial for the development of the market. It helped people to become richer and run their own business, trying to guarantee their existence and prosperous future. However, one should remember the fact that society has passed a long way in order to achieve the needed result. The second half of the 20th century could be taken as the most important stage in the process of evolution of market relations (Horwitz 2012). Analyzing the given sphere, it should be said that the blistering development of market relations became possible due to the unique combination of various conditions. First of all, having passed through WW II, society realized the fact that a powerful economy is key to the successful development of the state. Moreover, people also realized the fact that they should be given the opportunity to choose their own way of development. Thus, it could also be taken as the age of the blistering evolution of capitalism. Being one of the main forms of the development of Western society and its economy, it also moved to the eastern regions of our world. However, it was influenced by Muslim culture and obtained some new unique features. Market relations and capitalism became the main trends of the modern era and a great number of scientists devoted their attention to the investigation of the given issue. Thus, Karl Polanyi is one of these very scientists. Being interested in the investigation of market relations, he tried to outline his own ideas connected with the given issue. Thus, he also promoted the growth of the level of interest in the issue of capitalism and market relations (Mayhew n.d). However, he was sure that the conflict between market relations and social values became the main force of the evolution of these issues. In one of his works The Great Transformation , Polanyi tends to prove the idea that the given conflict promotes the further transformation of market relations and society for them to be able to cooperate (Polanyi 2001). Polanyis ideas about the conflict between market relations and values appreciated in society could be referred to as the process of the development of capitalism in terms of Islam. The fact is that in countries that adhere to Islam social and religious values have always had very strong positions. That is why, the market relations and capitalism had to adapt to these conditions. The peculiarities of the culture of people living in the region resulted in the appearance of various forms of market relations, such as hawala, which are based on trust and regulated by some moral laws (Tripp 2006). These models have great efficiency in the given region because all individuals who comprise the system adhere to the same principles. Speaking about the role of an individual for the evolution of market relations, it is important to admit the book The Road to Serfdom by Friedrich Hayek. In this work he tends to assume the fact that the thirst of an individual to freedom should be taken as the main force of the development of market relations and capitalism with the introduction of free choice (Hayek n.d). Moreover, the authoritarian model of the organization of the economy or market will lead to a decrease in the level of democracy and result in the collapse of any system. Comparing the views of these two scientists, and taking into account the main peculiarities of the evolution of market relations in the Middle Easter regions, it is possible to admit some important aspects. Both Hayek and Polanyi believe in the great potential of the development of market relations. They underline the fact that market relations appear as the result of the development of society, this sort of relations could contribute to the further evolution of society and help people to become prosperous and happy. In terms of Muslim society, Hayek and Polanyis main concepts help to understand the main peculiarities of the development of market relations better. The main sense of capitalism is the exchange of some things that could contribute to the development of all agents of this process. Thus, in terms of Islam, this process should be organized in accordance with the most important moral laws. That is why, capitalism and market relations in the Middle East obtain some new forms. These forms are based on the relations between individuals and the manner of their interaction. It should be said, that the given ideas seem to be quite logical and understandable. It is obvious that the gradual evolution of market relations and capitalism lead to the development of democracy and freedom of choice. Therefore, the spread of the market relations leads to the appearance of new forms of relations between various agents which are determined by the peculiarities of culture or environment. Reference List Hayek, F n.d., The Road to Serfdom . Web. Horwitz, S 2012, On Individualism and Economic Order . Web. Mayhew, A n.d., The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time . Web. Polanyi, K 2001, The Great Transformation The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time . Web. Tripp, C 2006, Islam and the Moral Economy The Challenge of Capitalism , Cambridge University Press, New York. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Elimination of Bail in America Research Paper An efficient justice system often relies on various approaches to appeal to multiple community members. The cash bail procedure present in many states across America is a possibility for the accused to obtain a temporary release from incarceration. Some scholars argue that this absolving strategy is mostly discriminatory, causing individuals to suffer the consequences of limited monetary resources (Wiseman 236). A fair judicial institution should consider the needs of all the people affected, providing equal opportunities for them. It is necessary to eliminate cash bail to positively reform the American justice system, considerably benefiting the population of the United States. The emergence of the bailing approach and the outcomes of its implementation are essential parts of this topic’s discussion. Even though cash bail possesses an extensive historical background, being a part of the judicial system since 1645, its effectiveness is highly debated by various researchers (Dabney et al. 399). Throughout its long history, the bailing strategy has been susceptible to great commercialization and considerable risks, creating a monetary obligation instead of a moral one (Dabney et al. 400). The detained individuals appear to be roughly discriminated on the basis of their economic resources, allowing more wealthy convicts to acquire temporary freedom by paying a certain fee to the government. Due to the fact that most baling sums are exceptionally large, less successful incarcerated are forced to reside in jail cells before their trial (Goff 885). This practice clearly favors the well-endowed accused, who are presented with more legal options in contrast to the other community members. Altering the existing approach and abolishing bail fees is a positive step towards equality of rights. The system of bail was initially based on a guarantee strategy. The individual awaiting trial was able to submit a specific amount of funds in exchange for obtaining freedom to stay at a place of their choosing before the court appointment (Dabney et al. 401). However, current research states that bail payment is not a secure assurance that this person will appear at their trial, as most accused decide to miss the appointed date and time, evading the justice system (Palafox and McLeod 86). Such actions cause detrimental consequences for various involved parties, for example, bondsman and the bonding agencies, as well as constructing the need to detain the same person another time (Palafox and McLeod 86). While the concept behind the bailing strategy seems logical, in practice, it is inefficient, lacking additional affirmation of the incarcerated’s responsibility. Another adverse outcome of the bailing method lies in outlining people with specific social statuses. In addition to being denied equality, indigent individuals often lose the ability to uphold their professional responsibilities. Long incarceration negatively impacts the detainee’s monetary funds even if they choose not to pay the bailing fees, detrimentally altering their future after release (Wiseman 267). Furthermore, longer jail time before the court procedures tends to elevate the sentence length, while shorter time decreases the judicial decisions’ severity and duration (Wiseman 267). The existence of cash bail only positively benefits wealthy individuals, producing troublesome situations for the less affluent. To conclude, the elimination of bail is a crucial step in creating an unprejudiced American legal system. The information regarding current conviction rates and bail outcomes reveals that well-endowed detainees possess a considerable advantage, allowing them to use their monetary resources in exchange for freedom. The consequences of incarceration appear to be more serious at close investigation, as the ability to pay the billing fees increases the possibility of receiving a shorter or less severe sentence. Changes are required to uphold the equality of all the community members, presenting everyone with similar opportunities. Works Cited Dabney, Dean, et al. “American Bail and the Tinting of Criminal Justice.” The Howard Journal of Crime and Justice , vol. 56, no. 4, 2017, pp. 397–418. Goff, Liana. “Pricing Justice: The Wasteful Enterprise of America’s Bail System.” Brooklyn Law Review , vol. 82, no. 2, 2017, pp. 881–915. Palafox, Ebeth, and Brendan McLeod. “To Bail or Not to Bail: Protecting the Presumption of Innocence in Nevada.” Nevada Law Journal Forum , vol. 3, no. 1, 2019, pp. 9–89. Wiseman, Samuel. “Bail and Mass Incarceration.” Georgia Law Review , vol. 53, 2018, p. 235–280. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Interview with a Registered Nurse on Leadership Essay The discussion of leadership in nursing is important to have with professionals working at different organizational levels as well as having varied responsibilities in terms of providing patient care. The current interview was conducted with a peer operating in a Registered Nursing (RN) role in a surgical unit, both in the post- and op- responsivities. The primary concern for the nurse is managing the well-being of patients undergoing different kinds of surgery. Apart from this, the RN is highly focused on being an advocate for the staff and address their concerns, conduct meetings with the management to communicate those needs and values, as well as enable help when and where it is required. For the RN interviewed on the topic of leadership, professionalism was defined as going by the scope of practice, being accountable for one’s responsibilities that do not go ‘above and beyond,’ maintaining professional relationships with everyone involved in the care process, getting work completed in time and working in teams, being responsible when fulfilling one’s responsibilities, as well as being honest and fair with patients (Pullen, 2016). All of the mentioned characteristics of professionalism enable to RN to approach one’s responsibilities seriously and with the utmost degree of care for the needs of patients. Leaders in organizations are stewards of healthcare because they manage various processes to achieve the desired patient outcomes, they are trustworthy, and view organizations as whole contributors to enhancing health among the population. In addition, the interviewee mentioned that positive leader within healthcare organizations are open-minded and are happy with their work, which helps other to get inspired to be involved in the care process and be the as effective as they can be when caring for others. When discussing the influence of power and influence, the RN mentioned that these qualities were integral to managing the process of care and inspiring other participants of care delivery to be aware of their responsibilities. In no way should leaders be coercive or use power to diminish the value of practitioners who do not have leadership capabilities within an organization. Coerciveness in leadership is a negative trait that can lead to workplace conflicts between managers and subordinates (Cenkci, 2018). Any influence and professional advocacy that a leader has should be targeted at enhancing the care process and ensuring that patients receive the quality of services that they deserve and expect. This means that a true leader does not intimidate but who is honest and transparent about the goals of care. The ultimate takeaway from the interview with an RN has been associated with the finding that good leadership focuses on facilitating processes within organizations that would lead to the ultimate goal of improving patient outcomes and facilitating recovery. Leaders approach their profession with passion and are honest and transparent about what they want to achieve as well as what steps should be taken for reaching that goal. Therefore, positive leadership lies in effective connections between leaders and their followers, all of whom are expected to have similar goals in terms of care delivery. It is also important to mention that the perspective of a regular RN may be different from the opinions of healthcare facility leaders because they are at different levels of the care process and have varied responsibilities. References Cenkci, A. (2018). Leader power, conflict-handling styles, and subordinate compliance: A study on information technology professionals in Turkey. International Journal of Management and Economics, 54 (1), 18-35. Pullen, R. (2016). Leadership in nursing practice. Nursing Made Incredibly Easy, 14 (3), 26-31. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Once an organization’s goal is achieved, the crisis team ought to analyze how the organization performed in a crisis. The management team attempts to learn from what worked and what never worked in managing crisis. What worked in crisis management is retained while what failed is replaced with other effective strategies (James, 2011). This helps leaders in future preparedness. Crisis analysis helps the management team in determining whether there are any loopholes in crisis management plan. They are also able to evaluate how employees perform their respective roles. The following section will use hospital and military examples of how leaders can learn from crisis. The hospital is one of the key organizations where learning from crisis is very imperative. Hospital administrators should identify signals and respond to the impending events precisely. Ignoring the signals may lead to future hospital crisis and extension of the influence to the entire system. In order for hospitals to thrive in times of crisis, their leaders should develop effective environmental scanning skills and methodologies to identify the signals. A leader’s ability to predict and anticipate potential crisis in hospitals requires having critical skills in strategic planning. Hospitals and health systems have an excellent way of developing crisis plans. These plans have proven to be significant prototypes in managing hospital crisis. Some hospitals even have crisis preparedness strategies that are nurtured to help them respond to crisis. In this era where technological and therapeutic change is fast, it is no longer an option for hospitals to anticipate and prepare for obvious risks. There must be a well-written crisis preparedness plan that focuses on the life of the hospital as well as its workers. Thus, learning from previous crisis ensures that exercises being carried by the medical practitioners are up to date and conform to the current global health system. For example, crisis on drug administration is one of the greatest challenges in today’s hospitals. Hospitals have now adopted a technological system known as bar coding. This is a technological intervention aimed at reducing the rate of medical administration errors whereby nurses are disallowed from administering medications to patients without following a documented order. In this system, any moment a physician orders medication, the order is transmitted to the pharmacy where a code for the order is generated. Thereafter, the pharmacist verifies the order and medication is sent to the nurse who administers it to the patient after scanning the bar code against the patient’s identification information. This system was developed due to past crisis in medicinal administration (Barlow, 2014). The military is another sector where learning from the previous crisis is very important. Not all military operations are successful. For example, a crisis such as lack of funds during a humanitarian relief mission may hinder the officers from incorporating their best practices and tracking information for humanitarian relief. As the money runs low and the mission and its workers fail into the background, it is likely that this crisis event may go unnoticed hence causing problems in future military missions. To ensure that the military personnel learn from this crisis, it becomes important to record the crisis. Additionally, after the mission is over, they should cross reference the same to determine where improvements and greater efficiencies can be made (Gyimah-Brempong, 2002). Further, research on performance management and indicators is required to ensure loopholes in the mission are noted. Without performance standards, the humanitarian relief troop will have no means to gauge their success and no reference for making their missions better. To learn effectively from crisis, there should be collection of data from a variety of sources. This will include looking at the military and hospital records kept during crisis management, observing and interviewing those that were involved in the exercise. Learning helps military and hospital administrators in preparing for future crisis management. Completion of a risk management practice can help uncover weak crisis team managers as well as crisis management flaws. Learning from crisis does have communication challenges. Leaders may withhold negative information that may prevent the entire workforce from performing effectively. This process should be purely used for service improvement purposes and blame game should be shunned. References Barlow, R. (2014). Bar codes earning their stripes. Web. Gyimah-Brempong, K. (2002). Researching military expenditures in Africa: findings and lessons from researchers . Web. James, H. (2011). Learning from crises . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Eligibility to the Law 2. Consequences of the Law 3. Consequences 4. Policies and Procedures to Comply with IRCA Regulations 5. References Eligibility to the Law Under the laws of the United States Patricia is viewed as an employer. This is because she owns a restaurant and she has fifteen employees working for her. According to the specifications of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, any employer who has more than three employees is eligible for this law (DeLaet, 2000). As a result, Patricia as an employer falls under the umbrella of the IRCA regulations. She is therefore expected to comply with the regulations that accompany this act to the latter. This will ensure that the United States deals effectively with the issue of illegal immigration and the employment of aliens. These acts have not only negatively affected the employment sector but they have also increased crime and insecurity in the country. Due to this fact, Patricia and other employers are expected to follow the specifications of this law. Failure to this, Patricia may face the legal consequences of the law. Consequences of the Law Laws are set to safeguard the interest of the state and its subjects. In an event where an individual breaches a specific law, he/she is expected to face the full impacts of his/her actions as per the requirements of the law. About the specifications of the IRCA of 1986, a breach of this act by an employer will result in severe consequences. In an event where an employer employs an illegal immigrant, financial and other legal penalties may follow. First, the Immigration and Naturalization Service (Karen, 2000) may sanction an employee. Consequently, the Department of Homeland Security may impose financial penalties against the employer. For the first offense, an employer may be fined $375 to $3200 per Alien (EANJ, 2012). This fine increases with the number of times an employer has been found guilty of this crime, with each act amounting to more severe punishment. Consequences Any breach of law always has resultant consequences. Some of the consequences may be fair while others may be severe not only to the victim but also to his family, friends, and society at large. However, from my perspective, I think that the consequences of breaching the IRCA laws are just and fair. Although this law may lead to a heavy financial blow on employers, these fines reduce the employment of aliens in the US. Before the enforcement of these laws, employers preferred to employ aliens because they provided cheap labor. The presence of aliens in the country also led to an increase in insecurity. Thus, to ensure that there is sanity in the employment sector, the government enacted this law, and to ensure that it is adhered to fully, stiff penalties were attached to the law in case of a breach. These penalties thus restrain employers from hiring aliens and guarantee that proper procedures are followed in the course of employment. Policies and Procedures to Comply with IRCA Regulations There are several procedures that Patricia is expected to follow in the process of employment. First, she is expected to determine the eligibility of all the applicants. Here, she is supposed to verify the identification and authenticity of their documents. This is done to determine whether these applicants are aliens or not. Secondly, form 1-9 has to be filled (DeLaet, 2000). The applicant is expected to fill the first section of the form while Patricia as the employer is expected to fill the second section. Patricia is expected to keep this form for at least three years or for one year after the employee left the employment, whichever comes first. References DeLaet, D. (2000). U.S. Immigration Policy in an Age of Rights. Chicago: Greenwood Publishing Group EANJ (2012). Law Summaries – Immigration Reform & Control Act. Employers Association of New Jersey. Web. Karen, D. (2000). Fundamentals of Employment Law . New York: American Bar Association. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Slumdog Millionaire Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Changes to the premise and the dramatic structure 3. Cinematic and theatric elements used in the film 4. Conclusion Introduction The ‘Slumdog Millionaire’ is a film adapted from Vikas Swarup’s Q & A. The film and the play revolve around the life of a poor boy who has spent most of his life in the slums. The police arrest the boy after the producer of a television game show accuses him of cheating in a game or rather quiz. The bulk of the story entails the life experiences of the boy, which justify his ability to answer all the questions in the quiz. This paper details the cinematic and theatrical elements of the film as well as the changes in drama and premise of the story. The film exhibits changes in the premise as well as dramatic structure in bringing out the cinematic and theatric elements of the story. Changes to the premise and the dramatic structure There has been a substantial change in the premise of the story. Swarup, the author of Q & A, bases his story on the injustices that the less privileged in the society face as they climb the social ladder but Danny Boyle, the director of the film, gives the story a romantic twist emphasizing that undying love for someone motivates his/her ambition in succeeding in his/her goals. The protagonist of the story, the poor boy who wins the television game show, is able to withstand the pressure from the poor society in achieving his dream. He is Jamal Malik in the film while in the play he is Ram Mohammad Thomas. Boyle portrays Salim as his brother rather than his best friend as it is the case with the Swarup’s play. Jamal and his brother are Muslims living in a community where Islam is underappreciated. He falls in love with a Hindu girl, Latika, who they met in their childhood. He later lost contact with the girl but since he knew that she used to watch the television quiz, ‘Who wants to be a Millionaire?’ He chooses to participate in the show. He believes that his participation would help him regain his contact with the girl. He is able to reach the final stage of the show drawing the attention of masses. Fortunately, Latika is able to meet Jamal through the show. On the other hand, in Swarup’s Q & A, the protagonist of the story, Ram, falls in love with a prostitute towards the end of the story. There are also changes in the order of events in the story. Ram also has numerous relationships with women unlike in the film. In Q & A, Swarup answers the questions without a chronological order applying key experiences in Ram’s life. The film’s flashback employs strict chronological order of events in answering the game’s questions. It is a vivid example of how the screenwriter, Simon Beaufoy, adjusted the story to give a fluent flow of the events in the story. Cinematic and theatric elements used in the film The ‘Slumdog Millionaire’ comprises of a mixture of an endless array of cinematic and theatric elements. They serve as a method of heightening the incredibly reflective and emotional propulsion of the story. The cinematic elements in the ‘Slumdog Millionaire’ combine rhythmic music and Bollyhood lushness. It also has a heavy dose of in-your-face close-ups. It also employs different camera angle directions enabling the audience to watch Jamal, the protagonist of the story, from every possible angle of his life. The performance of actors exemplifies the acting choice of the film. Several close-ups of Dev Patel as well as Ayush Mahesh Khedekar take the roles of older and younger Jamal respectively. Despite being a British production, ‘Slumdog Millionaire’ has the appearance of an Indian production. The shape-shifting auteur in the film took a massive gamble in pitching a unique fable story. The film portrays the honest pain and injustices in the Indian society. As the story unfolds, the film director takes the audience through the gaudy memories of Jamal’s past with each sight and texture, smell and occurrence palpable beyond any words. The last scene of the film ends with Jamal and Latika, the two lovers, kissing. Most Indian filmmakers conventionally avoid this shot in their movies/cinemas but to the audience, this ending is quite satisfying. ‘Slumdog Millionaire’ blends genres, emotions, and unbridled energy that the film producer achieved through his masterful grasp of light techniques. Conclusion The slumdog millionaire is a film with much elegance and grace giving a well-assembled story love story. Though there is change of the premise and dramatic structure of the story, the film still transcends into answering the theme of hope and the restoration for the less privileged in the Indian society. It employs massive use of vibrancy, swirling, and visual splendor in bringing out a clear picture of all the events in the story. The changes of characters names as well as the order of events play an important role in enhancing fluency of the film as compared to the play. The artistic use of rhythmic music and light in the film helps in creating a vivid picture of the story in the audience’s minds. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
McDonald’s in the International Fast Food Market Essay In her article, Visard (2020) discusses the current position of McDonald’s in the international fast food market and the food chain’s most recent attempts to adapt its resource spending and product positioning strategies during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The company is willing to increase expenditures on marketing activities. McDonald’s is going to focus on promoting the existing core menu items rather than introducing new products. It will also emphasize services for customers that increase safety and convenience, including digital and online ordering and order delivery. In the second half of 2020, the corporation is planning to spend an extra $200,000,000 on advertising activities in the United States and international markets. The main points of the article referring to the plans of McDonald’s on how to accelerate its recovery from COVID-19 shed light on multiple international marketing issues. For instance, in terms of product positioning, the ongoing pandemic and the resulting decreases in sales have encouraged McDonald’s to critically analyze its previous priority-setting practices. Particularly, due to its financial capabilities and the current situation in the international market, McDonald’s reports the need to shift the target audience’s attention from the constantly updated menu and regularly appearing innovative products. Instead, as it follows from its money spending plans, McDonald’s is going to position the brand as the provider of the well-known fast-food menu items that everybody knows and enjoys. By emphasizing its digital services, McDonald’s will also become more recognized as a business that puts the absence of health risks for customers and customer service speed at the heart of its business activities all over the world. Moreover, the company’s rather substantial investments in advertising in the United States and abroad will probably improve its international market targeting strategies due to new opportunities to identify and address customers’ nation-specific needs. Reference Visard, S. (2020). McDonald’s prepares to spend marketing ‘war chest’ to boost recovery from Covid. Marketing Week . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Handwashing in Children’s Healthcare Routine Essay Table of Contents 1. Why Is Handwashing Important? 2. When to Wash Your Hands? 3. How to Wash Your Hands? 4. References Some practices that help people maintain health are often considered too unimportant because of their simplicity. Handwashing is one of these practices, as it is disregarded by people of all ages. According to Freeman et al. (2014), handwashing with soap is still not universally practiced. Although many parents ask their children to wash their hands before eating or after using the bathroom, they do not always give a proper explanation to why the children should do it. Thus, the benefit of handwashing as a part of healthcare routine goes unnoticed by many individuals, who did not receive the necessary information in time. While it is important to address this issue and present the information to everyone, children should be the main target group to learn proper hand hygiene. The habits that people learn in their childhood stay with them throughout their life. Thus, making children the audience for the following handout is a good way to teach people why, how, and when to wash their hands. The following handout describes the issue of handwashing, including the explanation of its importance, the times to wash one’s hands, and the best way to wash one’s hands. Why Is Handwashing Important? Many diseases and germs are spread through people touching each other or various objects with unwashed hands. By not cleaning their hands with soap after touching something, people risk moving the infectious germs from one object to another. That is why the process of handwashing is so important because it is an easy way for people to avoid getting sick or infecting others. People often touch their face and eyes without even thinking about it. Various germs can enter the body through the mouth, nose, and eyes and cause an infection (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017a). To protect themselves and other people from getting sick, everyone should regularly wash their hands. When to Wash Your Hands? It is important for everybody to wash their hands regularly regardless of their actions. However, there are some times when hand washing is required. These events include: * before eating or touching food; * after using the bathroom; * after being outside; * after touching animals; * before and after being around a sick person; * after sneezing, coughing, or touching one’s face. How to Wash Your Hands? The best way to wash one’s hands is doing it with soap and clean water. However, the best way to thoroughly wash one’s hands involves a number of steps. * Wet your hands with water. It can be cold, warm, or hot. * Cover your hands with soap. * Rub your hand against one another. First, rub your palms, then rub the back of one hand with the palm of another hand. Do not forget to clean between the fingers. * Rinse your hands under running water to remove the soap. * Dry your hands thoroughly. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017a). Clean hands count for safe healthcare . Web. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017b). Handwashing – clean hands save lives . Web. Freeman, M. C., Stocks, M. E., Cumming, O., Jeandron, A., Higgins, J., Wolf, J.,… & Curtis, V. (2014). Systematic review of handwashing practices worldwide and update of health effects. Tropical Medicine & International Health , 19 (8), 906-916. KidsHealth. (2015). Why is hand washing so important? Web. Mayo Clinic. (2017). Hand-washing: Do’s and don’ts . Web. NHS Choices. (2017), How to wash your hands . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Using Psychological Tests in the Employer’s Decision-Making Process Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Issues 3. Decisions 4. Reasoning 5. Opinion 6. References Introduction The case represents the issue of using psychological tests in the employer’s decision-making process of promoting its employees. Rent-A-Center conducted the APT Management Trainee-Executive Profile test on its employees to evaluate some of the personal traits of workers as well as their skills in language and math. The 502 questions for the test were taken from the MMPI. Three Karrakker brothers performed poorly on the test and were not promoted as a result. Hence, they sued Rent-A-Center, claiming that the questions from the MMPI test violated the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). Issues Does the use of MMPI by the employer violate the ADA? Can MMPI be claimed as a medical test in the case of APT Management Trainee-Executive Profile? Can job-related tests made out of business necessity be viewed as violations of ADA? Decisions First, the Karrakker brothers went to the district court, which ruled that the use of MMPI questions by the employer did not violate the ADA. However, when they further went to the United States Court of Appeals, the decision was changed (Mulvihill, 2005). The court found that the use of MMPI by the employer could potentially hurt the employment or promotion prospects of a person with mental impairment; hence, it is considered a violation of ADA. Reasoning 1. The MMPI test can be used both as a medical examination, and as a psychological test to identify certain personality traits. 2. Although Rent-A-Center claimed that the test was not evaluated by the professional psychologist and was scored by using a vocational protocol, the court ruled that such use did not exclude a negative effect it had on employees with mental illnesses. 3. Regardless of whether the psychologists’ interpretation was involved, the use of the MMPI was considered a medical test and a violation of ADA as it harmed mentally disabled employees. 4. The ruling helps employers to ensure that the tests that they give to their employees are job related. 5. Employers also have to ensure that the personality tests they conduct do not elicit information about applicant’s mental condition. Opinion According to ADA, the employer has to make his decision solely based on the job-related skills and knowledge of a candidate. An attempt to acquire information concerning mental disability would be an act of discrimination and a violation of ADA. Therefore, I agree with the ruling of the Karrakker vs. Rent-A-Center case. References Mulvihill, M. E. (2005). Karraker v. Rent-A-Center: Testing the Limits of the ADA, Personality Tests, and Employer Preemployment Screening. Loy. U. Chi. LJ , 37 , 865. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Modern Technology in DNA and Genealogy Solving Cold Case Murders Essay Contemporary forensic science is evolving from targeted DNA analysis to a broader usage of genomics, including but not limited to the identification of remains of the individuals. This research paper is written in response to the aforementioned modern trend with a focus on the influence of modern technology in DNA and genealogy on the probability of solving cold case murders. The purpose of the study lays in establishing the relationship between ethical, legal, and privacy challenges of using genomics during the investigation. The methodology chosen for this qualitative study is phenomenology with an emphasis on the three predefined themes: ethics, legality, and privacy. Content analysis will be conducted to examine current academic literature and determine the information necessary for the research. Current academic literature will be limited to the peer-reviewed scholarly journals, located in the next databases: SAJE, EBSCOHost, and Taylor & Francis. Sources have to be 5 years old or newer and focus primarily on the US legal system. Results of the research will expand the existing knowledge base, providing foundation for the further educational study. The three critical points will be covered in the research body. First, the ethicality of utilizing genetical material of the dead individuals with/without the consent of their relatives will be discussed (Scudder et al, p. 194). Second, the legality and reliability of applying genomics to derive conclusive claims in the forensic field will be debated (Scudder et al, p. 194). Third, the aspect of privacy will be challenged as the biogeographical ancestry may expand across multiple jurisdictions. Ethical, legal, and privacy challenges associated with the usage of genomics in the field of forensics suggest that cold case murders can be solved faster at the expense of confidentiality of the suspects. Work Cited Scudder, Nathan, et al. “ Policy and Regulatory Implications of the New Frontier of Forensic Genomics: Direct-To-Consumer Genetic Data and Genealogy Records .” Current Issues in Criminal Justice , vol. 31, no. 2, 2019, pp. 194-216. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
They feature the events that happened during and after 9/11. Mayblum presents a detailed description of his evacuation from WTC in New York, and Bah documents her arrest in East Harlem, interrogation and imprisonments due to the suspicions of her being a suicide bomber. Both stories target average Americans. Mayblum’s story is structured to demonstrate the events from a witness and a victim present in one of the Towers, but unaware of what was happening. Bah’s story captures the audience by emphasizing her total innocence and lack of understanding of the reasons for such harsh treatment from the side of the government. The stories’ key and tone are similar, but their chronological length is different. Bah employs subheadings to divide her long story into parts and themes, while Mayblum’s writing is an undivided essay. “The Price We Pay” by Adam Mayblum and “An Oral History of Adama Bah” by Adama Bah contain the descriptions of the lives of these two people before and after the tragedy, the ways they suffered were different, but the common trait of the stories is that neither of the authors had anything to do with the people who arranged the disaster of 9/11, their people are completely innocent. Both of the stories are written to pass the knowledge about the tragedy and make the world realize how many innocent lives this tragedy hurt or took away. The perception of the outcomes of 9/11 is very different from the sides of both authors. At the end of his story, Mayblum states that “the very moment the first plane was hijacked, democracy won” (par. 13). However, the story of Bah demonstrates that the treatment of Muslim people in the USA of that time was far from democratic, she writes, “even though everything is said and done, I still live in fear of federal agents taking me or any of my family members (89). At the same time both, the survivors of the attack of the Towers and the victims of hate crimes that followed the tragedy experienced similar emotions such as fear, panic, frustration, and stress. The events of 9/11 put a beginning to an anti-Islamic era in the American history and resulted in hundreds of hate crimes, some of which ended with deaths of innocent people (Dado, par. 1). The discrimination happened on such levels as employment, accommodation, profiling, and harassment (Post 9-11 Backlash, par. 2). Just like Arab Americans and Muslim immigrants, the survivors of 9/11 that managed to escape death are still struggling with post-traumatic stress and suffer from constant reminders of the void on the place where the WTC used to be (Cooper, par. 2). The story of Mayblum describes the events of one day, while Bah and her family had been oppressed in many ways for several years. Mayblum writes that the threat of a terrorist attack is the price Americans pay for being free (par. 13). At the same time, Bah’s price for freedom were years of discrimination, interrogations, hate, imprisonment, and separation with her family members; she had to give four years of her young life to be able to feel at home in the USA again. In conclusion, “The Price We Pay” by Adam Mayblum and “An Oral History of Adama Bah” by Adama Bah demonstrate the rapid and sudden change in the lives of two American people thrown to the opposing sides in the conflict of 9/11, although both of them, just like many of their mates, turned out to be the victims of that tragedy. While Mayblum’s faith in democracy strengthened, Bah lost her trust in government. The authors of very different stories equally miss their lives the way they used to be before 9/11. Works Cited Bah, Adama. An Oral History of Adama Bah. Cooper, Glenda. 9/11 – Survivors of the Twin Towers . 2014. Dado, Natasha. Hate crimes against Muslims only escalating 10 years after 9/1. 2013. Web. Mayblum, Adam. The Price We Pay . 2001. Web. Post 9-11 Backlash. Saalt . 2014. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Causes and Effects of Global Warming Essay Global warming is referred as the climatic change as a result of increased temperatures on the earth surface. This climatic change is caused by two factors, which include human activities on the environment, as well as the natural effects. This has resulted into adverse effects, thus calling for the environmental sustainability which can only be achieved from the sustainable development. Human activities, which are referred as anthropogenic factors are the major causes of global warming as the natural factors are not known to account to the greater effects. The following discussion comprises of the effects of the global warming as well as the mitigating measures to be put in place (Houghton 20). The global warming increases the temperature in the sea which in turn results to rising of the sea level. This effect result into flooding leading to the destruction of properties, vegetation, land, and loss of habitats to the wildlife and the displacement of people which increases the number refugees. Due to the high release of greenhouse gases such as chlorofluorocarbons, sulphur oxides and methane among others have resulted into depletion of the ozone layer (Union on Concerned Scientists18). This has in turn led to direct reach of the ultraviolet rays into the earth surface where there have been increased cases of skin cancer. The vegetation has dried up in many areas thus causing desertification and also continuous occurrence of prolonged droughts thus starvation and loss of lives. Excess evaporation of water from water surfaces has increased due to increased temperatures thus lowering the water quantity and drying up of these sources (Weart 42). The above effects can however be reduced through practicing environmental sustainability by every person. This can be done through promotion of reforestation in the cleared forest as well as increase of tree plantation in private land. Trees are known as natural carbon sinkers thus they reduce the carbon in the atmosphere which leads to reduction of green house effect by the carbon oxides. Carbon oxides emissions from the fossil fuels and charcoal burning can be reduced by use of natural sources of energy such as solar and wind energy. Electric power can also be used on vehicles instead of using the fossil fuels and, promote use of bicycles and walking in small distances instead of driving (Weart 45). Waste should be reduced as in its composition there is production of methane which is also a green house gas. Reduction of this waste can be done through recycling of materials for instance used newspaper as tissue papers. Waste can also be reduced by use of materials which are reused more than once. There should be minimization of equipments that emit chlorofluorocarbons like refrigerators in our houses, less use of sprays and air conditioners which are used to cool building during summer seasons. This can be done by adding insulators in the buildings such as ceilings as well as building of thick walls to reduce the amount of heat getting onto the buildings. Human population should be controlled by family planning. As a result of population increase people have engaged themselves in clearing of the forest in search of settlements, (Houghton 54) In conclusion, there is a need to promote environmental awareness on the environmental conservation. This can be done through carrying out of environmental education programs where people are exposed on causes and effects of global warming. Through this they should be taught on the various ways of reducing these effects. Environmental policies should also be put in place like the polluter pay principle where individuals or industries are supposed to pay for their emission of the green house gases. To avoid this cost they will therefore prefer use of materials that are green house free (Union on Concerned Scientists 36). Works Cited Houghton, John Theodore . Global Warming . London: Cambridge University, 2004. Print. Union on Concerned Scientists . Global warming: Global warming 101 . New York: Union of Concerned Scientists, 2006. Print Weart Spencer. The Discovery of Global Warming . New York: Harvard University Press, 2008. Print | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Grounded Theory Qualitative Research Definition Grounded theory is a qualitative approach to research that encompasses the use multifarious iterative methodologies to carry out systematic analysis of social phenomena. The grounded theory methodology is explicitly applied in the generation and/or development of new theories with reference to interactive social inquiries. Creswell (2012) reveals that the grounded theory is suitable for seeking advanced knowledge about a specific social phenomenon. The grounded theory methodology uses abductive rather than inductive or deductive reasoning. However, abductive reasoning is a compromise of both inductive and deductive ways of thinking. Inductive and deductive philosophies seek the best explanation about the subject of study. This characteristic makes grounded theory research appropriate for analyzing intricate social occurrences in the society. Unlike many other theoretical concepts, grounded theory research uses data to develop theories. In this case, data is analyzed with a view of building a theory. The researcher is not expected to approach phenomenal data with a theory (Lawrence & Tar, 2013). Types of Grounded Theory Research Designs There are three types of grounded theory designs that include systematic, emerging, and constructivist grounded theory research designs. The systematic grounded theory design focuses on the utilization of open, axial, and selective coding techniques in the process of data analysis (Creswell, 2012). These systematic phases enable the researcher to develop a cogent archetype of the expected theory. On the other hand, the emerging design emphasizes allows the theory to develop from the obtained data. This type of grounded theory research does not use predetermined stages as in the systematic grounded theory design. Lastly, the constructivist design entails the analysis of respondents’ attitudes, values, expectations, beliefs, and philosophies. It seeks to examine individual experiences. Process of going about this Research Creswell (2012) explains the various distinctive stages that are involved in the process of going about the grounded theory research. The grounded theory methodology starts with data collection. Personal consultations, direct observations, and journal information constitute the different techniques that researchers use to collect grounded data. The method that is used to collect data depends on its ability to provide flexible information since grounded research is a dynamic process. The second step entails note taking. The keenness of the researcher is crucial to obtain relevant information. The sensitivity of the information that is collected in the process of grounded theory research determines the applicability of the developed concepts. In the third step, the researcher is expected to seek approval and permission to access information from relevant sources. Fourthly, the grounded theory research involves intentional conduction of theoretical sampling. Next, the collected data is coded to provide a framework for developing the anticipated theory. The sixth step entails validation of the developed theory. Finally, the researcher has to write a grounded theory research report to support the developed theory. Difficulties Grounded theory research involves difficult processes such as collection and analysis of cyclical data. Indeed, the collection of cyclical data, analysis, and determination of conclusions is time-consuming. This challenge significantly affects the ability of the researcher to maintain perpetual comparison of grounded data (Lawrence & Tar, 2013). Furthermore, grounded theories are inferential rather than descriptive. This nature of research complicates the understanding of abstract information. This situation affects flexibility and ability to uphold reliability throughout the entire process of research. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Grounded Theory Research Creswell (2012) posits that every qualitative approach to research has its own advantages and disadvantages that determine its suitability for analysis. One of the greatest advantages of the grounded theory approach is its methodically and rigorously framed investigation procedures. The systematic arrangement of the theory’s stages eases the collections, analysis, and generation workable solutions to social issues. In addition, the grounded theory research provides the researcher with rich data that is gained from the experiences of other individuals. The theory obtains data from experiences pertaining to different social phenomena. This advantage enables the researcher to use old information to come up with alternative solutions for complex problems. However, the grounded theory research has various disadvantages. First, since the theory is a compromise between inductive and deductive reasoning, the partiality of the information interferes with the dependability and substantiation of the entire process of data analysis. Secondly, the qualitative nature of the results that are obtained for the grounded research process is at times ambiguous for practitioners. Field in which the Grounded Theory Research is mostly widely used The grounded theory research is used in many fields to seek practicable solutions for social phenomenon. Lawrence and Tar (2013) reveal that the grounded theory research has become increasingly popular in conducting medical studies. Its qualitative aspects make it appropriate for designing, rationalization, and generation of pioneering findings that enhance the handling of patients and administration of treatment. Furthermore, the grounded theory approach is useful in accountancy. Accountants require abductive reasoning to gather and analyze coded data. It enables them to develop pertinent theories through the manipulation of accountancy data. Accounting practices demand uninterrupted assessment of complex information from business documents. The analysis of such information requires the application of qualitative methods such as the grounded theory research. Reference List Creswell, J. (2012). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. New York, NY: Sage Publications. Lawrence, J., & Tar, U. (2013). The use of Grounded Theory Technique as a Practical Tool for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 11 (1), 29-40. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Problem of Technological Gridlock Essay Introduction The problem of technological gridlock over the internet has been an increasing concern for the authorities and the future of internet business and usage. The term gridlock indicated a blockage in the transportation network due to over jamming. The technological gridlock has arisen due to excessive internet traffic due to increased usage of multimedia services that creates cyber traffic jams (Robinson, 1999). This is the phenomenon that has been troubling the network administrators as a traffic gridlock has been troubling the city authorities. The question that arises is what this gridlock does to the network and why is it considered a problem. Main body To understand how a gridlock occurs we must understand the flow of internet traffic. Streaming media is similar to broadcast media in that the audio or video material is produced as soon as a computer receives the data over the Internet. The problem is that the streaming data does not respond to network congestion in the way other Internet traffic does. When a computer sends conventional data, it encounters congestion and significantly slows its transmission rate, but a computer sending streaming data will reduce the flow only slightly. So if streaming traffic competes with conventional traffic for the same congested strip of roadway, the streaming traffic, like some V.I.P. motorcade, just assumes the right of way and lets all other data traffic pile up. This causes gridlock on the internet. (Robinson, 1999). What causes such a traffic jam on the internet? The primary reason is, according to Google, the growth in video downloads could create an internet traffic jam that threatens the net’s development (Johnson, 2007). Services that provide a real-time download of data such as YouTube are creating a problem by allowing the download of data that are jamming the network due to increased use. Surfers around the world already use sites such as YouTube to watch videos online, but video file-sharing services are increasing pressure on the internet’s capacity. One of the unwitting culprits is BitTorrent, a technology already used by millions of people to obtain high-quality video over the net. Many people use it to download episodes of US TV series such as Lost, which have yet to be shown in the UK or to see concert footage. Even though the number of users of systems like BitTorrent is not very high, their share of the total internet traffic is around fifty percent (Johnson, 2007). Most of the internet traffic is a peer-to-peer video downloading and without proper infrastructural investment the internet system will clog and will bring the system down. Currently, the internet capacity is moving to hit the limit. What is feared is that a technological gridlock will lead to not only a jam in the network but also poor quality of services provided by the service providers. There were millions of dollars invested in establishing this high-speed connectivity. The increasing prevalence of peer-to-peer services would eat up the bandwidth and increase congestion in the system. This would adversely affect e-commerce for which these investments were meant to be. The question that needs to be addressed is what is the solution to such a problem? Increasingly ideas are being developed in the business world to price different services differently. The talk is about network neutrality and the shaping of the traffic that they carry (Thompson, 2007). The second group of thought preaches the making of a new and clean architecture for the network (Robinson, 1999). But there exists a ringing question if a new internet infrastructure is required. The Internet Protocol, the core standard that determines how data moves around between computers, is a wonder of our age, as significant in its impact as the invention of the internal combustion engine, and it has proved its adaptability and capability again and again. The problem was seen in the telephone network systems and the IP-based telephony completely overturn their business models. There are looming ideas which state that the internet will collapse before 2010. The worst-case scenario is not so much a crash as a global gridlock in which email, social networks, and everything else on the internet slow to a crawl, with potentially devastating consequences for both government and business (Smith, 2008). The question still lingers what can solve the problem and in policies regulating the control of the illegal and peer-to-peer internet transfer which is clogging the internet system. The internet protocols need to be changed to control this excessive traffic on the internet so that the internet can become a viable medium for e-commerce. Works Cited Johnson, B. (2007). The rise of video downloads threatens gridlock on the net . Web. Robinson, S. (1999). TECHNOLOGY; Multimedia Transmissions Are Driving Internet Toward Gridlock. The New York Times . Smith, D. (2008). Video boom threatens to gridlock the internet . Web. Thompson, B. (2007). Concern as net hits data limits . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Leadership and Emotional Intelligence Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Discussion 3. Conclusion 4. Work Listed Introduction The word empathy is familiar to many English speakers; however, the meaning of this word is not obvious. This word is usually confused for sympathy or pity but it has a different meaning. Empathy is ability of a person to feel for another individual, to put oneself emotionally in the shoes of others and relate with their feeling. Unlike other animals, human beings live in a community and share in their lives. Empathy is very important to every human being but more to leaders. Soeren Palumbo’s speech on the use of the word “retarded” is a good insight importance of connecting with other people’s feelings. Discussion Everybody agree that leadership is very important for an organization, an institution or a country to achieve its goals. When speaking of leader, one thinks of a person who is able to take a front position to help others to move towards certain goals. Various qualities of leadership are mentioned when speaking of leadership such as charisma, objectiveness, transformation, translational and other qualities. However, the ability of a leader to relate with the feeling of their subjects is very important. Being physically or mentally challenged of disabilities is not that an individual chooses (Wasserman, and Mahowald 121). These traits are acquired by individuals at birth without individual having a chance to agree or not. At the same time, no body chooses to be upright and mentally okay. In fact no body would choose to have problems; to be disabled, to have a bad relationship, to fall sick or to be poor. These problems befall us without our choice. However, the way people react or treat people with disabilities, those who are sick or those having challenged relations are sometimes inhumane. Mentally handicapped is a group of people that are most discriminated in our society. The word, retard, used to refer to mentally handicapped individuals is one many discriminations vested against mentally challenged individuals. Soeren relates, in his speech, on how two young school girl use discriminative words against a mentally challenged individuals working at their school (Melissa 1). One of the girls shouts at the mentally handicapped referring to him as a retard. Such an action and attitude is very in human. The girls fails to see the mentally handicapped as a human but as an object. In deed, the girls need the windows to be clean but they can’t appreciate on the person making the windows to be clean. This scene is not unique, many peoples use insulting word of laugh at mentally handicapped and other individuals with disabilities. Every body has feeling. Despite of sickness, mental or physical disabilities, each individual has an aspect of humanity. As Soeren confesses of his mentally handicapped sister, mental handicapped have capacity to love, to be affectionate and other qualities ignored by other people. Our discriminatory remarks, attitude actions, which lack empathy, toward such individuals deny them opportunity to live a full life. Our lack of empathy not only hurts the feeling of the discriminated individual but also of other individuals related to the individual (Melissa 2). As in Soeren’s case, the phrase, retarded used against his sister and other mentally handicapped brought pain to his heart. Such negative effect can be prevented by a little empathy. In fact, empathy is not hard to achieve; it only require one to relate with other people feelings and have self control. In leadership, one has to work with many other individuals. It is always important for a leader to know that individuals being led have the same human qualities as the leader; they are not objects but individuals with feeling (Boyatziz, and Goleman 76). To be successful in leadership, it is important for a leader to be connected to the feeling of their subjects. Connecting with subjects’ feelings, empathy is not a weakness, as some leaders tend to think, however it help built trust. It does not require much to be an empathetic leader. A leader only have to put himself in place of the individual involved (Boyatziz, and Goleman 92). The kind of words used should be controlled. When a person does something that is not expected, this does not mean that that person is an idiot; thus, such words should not be used. In assigning duties, punishing or any other role in leadership, it is important to cautious of the effect to the person involved. Conclusion Empathy is one virtue that everybody should have. Some people seem to be naturally empathetic but empathy need effort to acquire. Lack of empathy can lead to a lot of injustice against our fellow brothers and sisters. Apathy can lead to discrimination as demonstrated in Soeren speech. Use of the phrase “retarded” to refer to mentally handicapped is inhumane and discriminative. To be empathetic, it helps to overcome stereotypes and put oneself in another, place. In leadership, connecting with other people feelings is very important. This emotional intelligence technique not only helps to understand the subjects but also built trust and bond between a leader and subjects. Work Listed Boyatziz, Richard, and Goleman, Daniel. Primal leadership: learning to lead with emotional intelligence . New York: Harvard Business Press, 2004. Melissa. Soeren Palumbo’s Eye Opening Speech On The Word “Retarded”. 2008. Web. Wasserman, David, and Mahowald, Mary. Disability, difference, discrimination: perspectives on justice in bioethics and public policy . New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Sociology of Film “Ugetsu” by Kenji Mizoguchi Essay Genjuro, a potter, is the most important character in the film, “Ugetsu” directed by Kenji Mizoguchi. Genjuro’s character can be said to be an important one as he is the main protagonist of the main plot. There are two main characters in the movie: Genjuro and Tobei. Genjuro’s story occupies a major part of the film and contains an instructive and moral lesson. The Lady Wakasa sequence of the plot explores the idea of straying from the right path is search of materialistic things in life. Genjuro walks away from a happy marriage to attain riches. He foolishly deludes himself that he is only doing his duty within the individual psychological context and within the Buddhist context. Soon, he realizes that his ambition is only self-serving. However, he is tempted by Lady Wakasa and her assistant to stay with them for a few days during which time Genjuro starts to fall for Lady Wakasa. However, he soon yearns for the family he left behind. In the climax scene, Genjuro escapes from the mansion of Lady Wakasa and returns home where to his relief and comfort, he sees his son asleep and Miyagi waiting for him. But, in the morning, Miyagi has disappeared and Genjuro is told that she died long ago. Genjuro realizes that it was only her ghost who welcomed him home and all that remains of Miyagi is the memory of her voice, which he hears as he returns grief stricken to his lonely routine. In this scene, the movie shows clearly the huge price of ambition and the illusory nature of happiness. This scene also illustrates the potential horrors of getting absorbed in the pursuit of happiness and how one might become responsible for causing suffering to loved ones, learning too late what truly matters in life. The significance of the scene lies in its emphasis on the theme that it is not easy to get back to one’s past once a person chooses to move away from it and “happiness” wrought by material desires can only be illusory. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Influencing Factor 3. Drug Therapy Plan 4. Conclusion 5. References Introduction Cardiovascular disorders continue to be one of the main causes of death in the US and the world. In the US, more than 10 million people have coronary heart disease, a condition which leads to thousands of deaths every year (Arcangelo, Peterson, Wilbur, & Reinhold, 2016). This and similar heart problems can be a result of various issues, including hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia (Rocca et al., 2014). In turn, these disorders are also caused by a variety of factors. In the first discussed case, patient AO has the diagnoses of hypertension (high blood pressure) and hyperlipidemia (elevated blood cholesterol). Moreover, AO has obesity and continues to gain weight as it has been determined during the last check-up. This progression of weight gain can be considered a factor that contributes to the patient’s health changes and negatively affects the outcomes of the prescribed drug therapy. Influencing Factor Obesity is listed as one of the secondary influences on hyperlipidemia (Arcangelo et al., 2017). While one can argue that rapid weight gain can be attributed to some genetic differences, many people become obese as a result of poor eating and behavioral patterns (Cho, Yoon, & Kim, 2013). The overwhelming prevalence of obesity continues to elevate this condition to one of the main worldwide problems. The discussed patient’s weight change suggests that AO has poor nutrition or fails to adhere to some physical activity program. Thus, behavior can be considered a factor that affects the individual’s therapy. The patient currently takes a number of medications, including the ones that lower cholesterol and regulate blood pressure. Obesity can have a significant impact on these drugs’ pharmacokinetics. For instance, oral drug absorption rates are enhanced in obese patients, as their blood flow increases to perfuse the gut (Cho et al., 2013). Although this difference is not as researched as other drug’s effects, it can affect the way the patient responds to treatment, especially if AO’s lifestyle does not change. Drug distribution is also altered as a result of obesity – one’s body composition (lean mass and fat tissue percentages) increases the volume of distribution for some types of medicine. Thus, some obese patients may respond to drugs differently than persons with lower weight. The effect of drugs may increase due to more active blood circulation and increased fat mass. Thus, a weight-based dosing system does not work for obese patients effectively because it does not take into account the difference in lean and fat tissue contents. Drug Therapy Plan It is vital to note that drug therapy for the patient should be complemented by changes in lifestyle, incorporating a healthy diet and physical activity. Moreover, weight loss should be considered by the patient as well because it may help reduce the adverse effects of treatment. Nonetheless, one can also make some improvements to the drug therapy plan outlined in the case. First of all, one should review the dosages of all drugs to ensure that they account for lean body mass and not overall weight of the patient. Furthermore, Sertraline’s side effects should be reviewed, as it has an uncommon occurrence of hypertension – if the patient’s obesity exacerbates the response to this medication, OA may experience severe effects caused by overdosage (“Sertraline side effects,” 2018). If Simvastatin is not effective in decreasing cholesterol levels, bile acid resins can be prescribed either instead of or in combination with the statin (Arcangelo et al., 2017). Conclusion Obesity is a condition that affects all parts of one’s life. In the discussed case, the patient’s weight gain contributes to hypertension and hyperlipidemia, increasing the possibility of developing a cardiovascular disorder. Moreover, it changes the effects of pharmacotherapy, making the weight-based system of dosing unreliable. Dosages of all medications should be reviewed to adjust to the increased sensitivity of the patient’s body. Overall, weight loss and a healthy lifestyle should become an inherent part of the treatment plan. References Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.). (2016). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Cho, S. J., Yoon, I. S., & Kim, D. D. (2013). Obesity-related physiological changes and their pharmacokinetic consequences. Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, 43 (3), 161-169. Rocca, W. A., Boyd, C. M., Grossardt, B. R., Bobo, W. V., Finney Rutten, L. J., Roger, V. L.,… St. Sauver, J. L. (2014). Prevalence of multimorbidity in a geographically defined American population: Patterns by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 89 (10), 1336-1349. Sertraline side effects . (2018). Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Mental Illness and Effective Treatments Essay What is Mental Illness Mental illness is a medical condition characterized by the disruption of an individual’s emotional, cognitive or behavioural functioning (National Alliance on Mental Illness, 2011). The key influences to development of the condition are discussed below. Causes of Mental Illness Generally, the causes of several mental illnesses have not been established and remain unknown. “However, research into the issue has established that in many cases, the condition develops as a result of a combination of biological, psychological, and biochemical/hormonal factors” (Mayo Clinic, 2009). Biologically, it is believed that individuals coming from families whose members have a history of mental illness are most susceptible to develop the condition. This is because they may share a genetic vulnerability in developing the illness at some point in life. Being at that risk, the illness can be triggered by other factors depending on the individual’s way of life. Also, exposure to viruses or toxins while in the womb may lead to traumatic brain damage that can trigger the illness (Mayo Clinic, 2010). Psychological issues that may lead to development of the illness can not be ruled out. For instance, unbearable experiences in life such as losing a loved one, poverty, and depression can trigger development of the illness (Mayo Clinic, 2010). According to Chakraburtty (2009) upbringing is a factor that can cause the condition; for example, it may lead to poor self esteem or the inability to relate to others in the society. In addition to that, unbearable psychological trauma at early stages in life, such as sexual or emotional abuse can result in mental illness (Chakraburtty, 2009). Biochemical causes (brain chemistry) are the changes that take place within the brain as a result of naturally occurring brain chemicals, and may lead to development of the condition. Generally, these changes and hormonal imbalances are associated with a person’s mood and other mental health issues. “It is thought that inherited traits, life experiences and biological factors can all affect brain chemistry linked to mental illnesses” (Mayo Clinic, 2010). Treatments for Mental Illness Treatment of mental illnesses depends on the type of illness, its level of development, and the way of life of the patient. In cases of extreme mental severity, for example schizophrenia, a team approach is appropriate. This ensures that all psychiatric, medical and social needs of the patient are met (Mayo Clinic, 2010). Various approaches are used for treatment of mental illness as described below. Treatment Teams & Treatment Options “The people who may be involved in the patient’s treatment include; a family doctor, psychiatrist, psychotherapist, pharmacist, social workers, and important family members” (Mayo Clinic, 2010). However, if the condition of illness is mild, a family doctor, a psychiatrist, or a psychotherapist can handle the situation. Depending on the type, severity and doctor’s opinion, there are several treatments that can be prescribed for mental illness. Mostly, a combination of the medications brings the best results. * Medications Medications which can be prescribed include; antidepressants, mood-stabilizers, anti-anxiety, and antipsychotic medications (Mayo Clinic, 2010). Unfortunately, psychiatric medications do not cure the illness, but may help to increase the effectiveness of other treatments like psychotherapy. * Psychotherapy Generally, psychotherapy involves the process of treating mental illness by sharing about the condition with a mental health professional (Mayo Clinic, 2010). Psychotherapy helps the patient to understand his moods, condition, and behaviour, thus, imparting stress-management knowledge (American Psychiatric Association, 2011). This treatment is usually completed after few months; however, it is advisable to extend the treatment for some time in order to get the best results. “Examples of psychotherapies include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy (IPT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)” (Mayo Clinic, 2010). * Other Treatments Other treatments that can be administered include: Brain-stimulation treatments; hospitalization and residential treatment programs; substance abuse treatment; and participation in own care (Mayo Clinic, 2010). Conclusion In conclusion, mental illness is a common occurrence which can be controlled through administering various medications as described earlier. Reference List American Psychiatric Association. (2011). Mental Illness . Web. Chakraburtty, A. (2009, February 9). Causes of Mental Illness . Retrieved from the WebMD: https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-causes-mental-illness#1 Mayo Clinic. (2010, November 5). Mental Illness . Retrieved from the Mayo Clinic: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/symptoms-causes/syc-20374968 Mayo Clinic. (2010, September 1). Mental Illness . Retrieved from the Mayo Clinic: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/symptoms-causes/syc-20374968 National Alliance on Mental Illness. (2011). Mental Illness . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Impact of the Ways Gender Is Constructed in the Briar Rose Essay Briar Rose , originally known as The Sleeping Beauty , is a classic fairy tale about a beautiful princess who was spelled with a curse and later was saved by a handsome prince (Grimm and Grimm 123). Although the plotline of the story is not sophisticated, it involves a variety of bonds, as well as complex relationships based on various gender representations. In particular, it reveals the dialogues between the main heroine, prince Briar Rose and other characters, including the old woman in the tower, the king and queen, and, finally, the prince. While representing different gender relations, it is possible to construct the images of the above-identified protagonists. Therefore, each figure in the narration has its own perception of the situation. Representation of the king as an overprotective father and benevolent king, the thirteenth wise woman who has turned the curse to blessing by revealing the princess from her farther care and allowing her to become an independent mature woman influence the gender construction in the story. Despite the fact that the king is represented as a loving father who wants to protect and look after her little daughter, his need to control his daughter’s life is, probably, explained by his desire to outsmart the wise woman. Nevertheless, the king’s overwhelming desire to protect her daughter lead to unconscious sleep makes his fall asleep as well (Grimm and Grimm 124). In the narration, the king destroys all the spindles so as to save his daughter from the curse. Spinning is associated with the feminine capacity to give birth to a child. In European culture, spindle also symbolizes mother’s family and a wise old woman (Shields 156). Within these perspectives, the father breaking all the spindles makes the girl be bound to a dependent, unconscious life. So, the princess acts out against her father’s will and spins to show her potential as a woman. When Briar Rose pricks her finder, she immediately because breathless by showing her delineation from her feminine identity. The confrontation between the good king and its antagonistic hero, the thirteenth woman, can also be represented through the reluctance of her father to give her daughter freedom of choice. By claiming her potential as a mature woman, she is not afraid of entering the dark tower in the castle and talk to an old woman spinning (Shields 158). In this respect, the father does not allow his daughter to be engaged with different activities that all women usually do. The king fairly believes that women are just innocent creatures who should be protected. Such an attitude to women reveals his superiority over women as well as recognition of women’s inferiority over men. At the same time, the princess can enjoy all material and spiritual privileges. She is also presented as an idealized picture of a woman of those times. Therefore, she must meet the social believes, as well as her father’s expectations. In conclusion, the tale provides a clear distribution of males and female roles among the characters. Hence, the role of the kind, the farther of princess is to protect and take care of his only child. He is also the one who makes decisions in the kingdom. The role of the princess is confined to obeying and enjoying the privileges of being a royal person. Finally, the thirteenth wise woman’s perspective is two-fold. On the one hand, she is an antagonistic heroine who strive to violate the established order and social stereotypes. On the other hand, she is the one who care about the feminine identity and potential of Briar Rose. Works Cited Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. The Complete Grimm’s Fairy Tales . US: Digireads.com Publishing, 2009. Print. Shields, Marcella Hannon. Once Upon a Time There Was a Little Girl: The Healing Power of Fairy Tales in the Lives of Seven Women . US: iUniverse, 2008. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Design of the Newsletter “Adorable Pets” Essay The newsletter will be dubbed “Adorable Pets,” which is a name meant to reflect the adorable nature of the cats and dogs that Animal Lovers Unlimited shelter handles. The newsletter seeks to promote the services of the animal shelter, boost support for the shelter, and advertise animals that are up for adoption. By doing this, the newsletter is intended to help reduce the number of abandoned animals, and give willing families a chance to adopt animals from the shelter. Being a non-profit organization, the newsletter also intends to lobby support (financial or otherwise) from people of goodwill. At first, the Newsletter will target people within its XYZ 1 area, where it is located. Specifically, it will target people within the ages of 18 and 45 years, who have a liking for animals. Initially, 100 copies of the magazine will be published and distributed on a quarterly basis within the XYZ area. With time and depending on how well people respond to information requesting support for the shelter, the distribution will target other areas within a 250-kilometer radius of XYZ area. All information contained in the newsletter will be animal (cats and dogs) related. Specifically, the newsletter will try to address issues that lead to animal abandonment, what people within specific localities can do about such animals and the benefit of adopting and opening one’s home to such animals. Each newsletter will also contain a detailed description of what the animal shelter does, and how willing people can contribute towards the shelter. Topics on animal care, handling, training, health, and general inclusion of newly adopted animals into one’s home will be included in the newsletter. The newsletter will contain at least six stories in every issue. I believe six stories will sufficiently cover all the issues identified above. As the marketing manager for the shelter, I will write not more than two articles in the newsletter. The remaining stories will be sourced from volunteer writers and experts trained in handling dogs and cats. Any information obtained from other sources will have to be credited to the authors in accordance to copyright laws. Acknowledging sources will be done by mentioning the source of the information, and where a substantial amount of another person’s work is used, the newsletter will have to request for publishing rights from the articles original creator. The graphic elements used in the newsletter will combine colors, diagrams, suitable font faces, and photographs. Combining these elements will however seek to attain a harmonious visual appearance for the newsletter, which is meant to have a physical appeal amongst its targeted readers. The page count for the newsletter will be set at four pages. I estimate that the four pages will be sufficient to contain the six articles stated earlier in this essay. More so, the newsletter will have four sidebars, which will contain animal trivia, interesting cat and dog facts, advice for cat and dog owners, and an ‘escaped corner” column, where people whose pets have run away or escaped can advertise the same. The content of the newsletter will be written in Georgia font, size 11, while the masthead will be written in Georgia font, size 36. Headlines will appear in a 24-size Georgia typeface. The font type was chosen due to its readability. The template to be used for the newsletter will be the marketing manager’s own creation because such allows for enhanced creativity and flexibility. More so, creating an own template will allow the designer fit all the content into the four pages without having to stick an already laid out design outline. Finally, the newsletter will utilize full color printing technology, as this allows greater versatility during image creation (Silverbrook 6). A digital printing press will then be contracted to do the printing work. Animal Lovers unlimited will cater for the printing costs, until a time when the newsletter can attract enough advertising revenue to cater for the expenses incurred during printing. Works Cited Silverbrook, Kia. Full-color Desktop Publishing System . United States Patent. 2006. Web. Footnotes 1 Insert preferred area of distribution | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Safety of Women and Workplace Health Issues Opinion Essay For the last fifty years, workforce in the U.S has experienced numerous changes. Although the number of men in the workforce is still higher than that of women, there has been a remarkable increase in the number of working women. For instance, the percentage was thirty four in the 1950s and this has increased to sixty percent today. These are clearly impressive statistics that prove that women have taken their rightful positions in the workplace. This probably can be attributed to various reasons. For instance, women nowadays do not get married as early as they used to in the past, they also take a longer period of time in advancing their education and bear fewer children. A great number of them nowadays continue with their working life as well as attending to the roles that are traditionally associated with parents (Women’s Safety and Health Issues at Work 1). At the workplace, women are faced by many challenges that are not faced by their male counterparts. This is partially due to the fact that men and women do not specialize in the same jobs. They usually have different types of jobs. Generally, there are work related cases that are associated with women. Some of them include respiratory diseases, carpal tunnel syndrome, stress disorders, infectious diseases caused by parasites and anxiety. In addition, women are exposed to risks of illness and injuries at the workplace as a result of social, cultural and economic factors. Some of the social factors may include marital problems and pressing family needs while economic ones include lack of enough finances to meet basic needs or bad debts. For example, a higher number of women than men take up part-time or contractual jobs. Contingent work is also in most cases associated with women. When compared with individuals who work in traditional job settings, contingent workers are lowly paid and enjoy limited benefits. Most women do not have the confidence to raise safety issues since they believe that such actions could cost them their jobs or be exposed to unbearable working conditions. This is a characteristic of all employees who work in jobs that are insecure. It is also common that they fear reporting injuries sustained at the workplace. In the American workforce, women from foreign countries popularly referred to as immigrants are vulnerable to workplace risks. They experience problems due to the immigrant status they carry and also issues as they try to balance family life and work. They work in places that expose them to a higher rate of injuries as compared to their native counterparts. Sexual harassment may be the root cause of depression, anxiety, low self-esteem and headaches among other complications (Women’s Safety and Health Issues at Work 3). In my opinion, most women carry heavy burdens as they try to balance family responsibilities and work. This stresses them since they have to take care of children and the elderly. Women who find themselves in such situations may be at the risk of developing many physical and mental complications. It is important for the relevant government departments to ensure that workplace discrimination does not exist. There should also be adequate safety mechanisms in all workplaces especially in industries where women have higher chances of getting injured. In the event of any injury at the workplace, organizations should take full responsibility in ensuring that the victims get medical attention and eventual compensation. Works Cited Women’s Safety and Health Issues at Work 2012. Web. < https://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2013/05/13/womens-health-at-work/ >. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Contractual Capacity and Contracts in Writing Essay For a contract to be valid, it should possess certain characteristics. The absence of any of the elements makes a contract null and void. In every contract, there have to be at least two parties who have the legal capacity to contract. Secondly, there has to be a manifestation of assent by all the parties to contract. Finally, there has to be considered that supports a legal and enforceable promise. Legal capacity to contract Age Legal capacity to contract requires a person to be an adult and has mental competence. In the case of Andy Small, the age of the majority state is eighteen years. Therefore, Andy is a minor and does not have the legal capacity to contract. However, when a minor enters into a contract with an adult, the law in most states grants minors the right to avoid or disaffirm such agreements. In addition, if an agreement between a minor and an adult is fully or partially executed and the minor has transferred consideration either in form of money, property, or valuable, the minor may still disaffirm. Also, the adult must pay the minor a cash equivalent of considerations sold. On the other hand, a minor must also return whatever consideration from received from the adult. In the case of the room, the minor should pay $800. In the second instance where he returned the car to Honest Hal, the car dealer should pay him back the down payment he had made. In the case of land, if Andy decides to revoke the contract for the sale, he must return the payment he had received for the land. Mental incapacity In the case of Ira, the court declared his insanity in 2006. After treatment, he was in business. This proved that he was in a sound state of mind and able to contract. Besides, the court did not appoint a guardian for him. This implies that the court decided that Ira was competent to contract after being released from the hospital. Therefore, the court is likely to rule in favor of Shirley. A person under influence of alcohol Daniel entered into a contract while under influence of alcohol. He could not remember that transaction. When he got sober, he consented to the contract. Therefore, the contract was binding on him. Besides, he did not revoke the contract within a reasonable time. The court is likely to rule in favor of Belinda. Written and oral contracts Since Moriarity expressly stated in the letter that they had an oral agreement, this is sufficient evidence to prove that they had a legally binding oral agreement. The court is likely to rule in favor of Holmes since there is evidence for an enforceable contract. In the case of Blair and Clay, the contract is legally binding. However, if one party tries to enforce the contract, it may be difficult to prove the existence of the contract. Finally, in the case of Amos and Elizabeth in as much as they are both executing their duties stipulated in the oral contract, it may not be possible to ascertain all the terms of the agreement. Therefore, Amos will be liable if Elizabeth will be able to provide evidence or a witness to their oral agreement. Amos will not be liable because there is no sufficient evidence to prove the terms of the contract. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Workforce Transportation Habits and Their Impact Essay Introduction My report is aimed at illustrating the impact that our company’s employees have on urban public transport and the statistical evaluation of their preferences regarding the use of buses plying to the company. Based on this analysis, it is possible to make a comprehensive picture and offer potentially successful solutions in order to change the course of transport. As a justification of the report, real statistics will be presented. Employee Carpool Habits To consider the habits of employees regarding their preferences in carpooling, it is possible to draw up a corresponding chart illustrating the correlation of opinions. Figure 1. Employee carpool habits. As it is shown in Figure 1, the prevailing number of employees never refer to carpooling to get to work, and only about a quarter of them prefer to go share cars with one another. Use of Public Transportation The frequency of public transport use is the important component of analysis, and employees’ preferences can also be displayed in a chart form to receive a comprehensive picture. Figure 2. Use of public transportation. Based on Figure 2, it can be concluded that the majority of the organization’s employees use public transport regularly, and less than a third of all workers never resort to its services. Effect of Potential Improvements to Public Transportation To assess the factors that could encourage employees to use public transport, 17,915 workers have been interviewed (41% of the total workforce) who argue that they go by buses randomly or never. Figure 3. Effect of potential improvements to public transportation. According to Figure 3, the majority of the target respondents are still not ready to use public transport, and the largest number of them note reduced commute times as the most positive change. Is Telecommuting an Option? As a question asked to respondents, the following one is used to make a proportional chart and receive answers for evaluating: does the nature of your work make telecommuting a realistic option? Figure 4. Is telecommuting an option? As it is shown in Figure 4, the majority of interviewed employees (42%) do not consider telecommuting as a realistic and possible option for their work. Potential Solutions In order to make successful changes in employees’ perception of public transport and to increase workers’ interest in its services, it is possible to propose potentially effective solutions based on the aforementioned statistical data. Solution 1. Slight Decrease in Transportation Fares As one of the ways of motivating company employees to use public transport, a slight decrease in transportation fares can be a successful measure. Despite the fact that buses for workers are subsidized, the cost reduction may interest people by showing them that the management takes their interests into account and seeks to improve services. Moreover, according to the results of the survey, this factor is among the most frequent employees’ responses. Solution 2. Equipping Buses with Additional Convenience and Safety Features Judging by the presented estimates, many employees of the company do not have enough comfort in public transport. In this regard, the re-equipment of buses may positively influence the increase in workers’ interest in going by buses. Additional safety conditions, for instance, comfortable seats, strong glasses, and other valuable elements can be assessed by company members as valuable innovations that are absent in public transport today. Therefore, I consider it necessary to inform that, although many employees of the company use public transport, a significant percentage of workers prefer carpooling. As potentially successful solutions for increasing interest in going by buses, reducing transportation fares and equipping with additional safety and security measures may be effective. Please feel free to contact me to discuss the report’s recommendations. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Technology and Work Transformation Report (Assessment) Is Technology Destroying Jobs? The explosive development of technology and its expansion in every sphere of human life have long been an issue of debate, especially when it comes to employment. As economists Brynjolfsson and Cowen (2011) noted, the last decade has witnessed a spectacular growth of productivity rates and output, but the irony is that the level of unemployment is as well skyrocketing because machines keep replacing people in the manufacturing process. These are the facts of life, but is technology destroying jobs? It is true that replacing human work with automated leads to an increase in unemployment, but the fact of the matter is that it simply raises the demand for high-skilled professionals leaving low-skilled workers behind (Rehman, 2015). That means that technology is not destroying jobs, but transforming and restructuring them. That said, even though machines have become a common element of any mass production, their creative potential is limited, so these are people who are still at the helm, as they monitor the work of computers (Brynjolfsson & McAfee, 2011). Those who blame technology for destroying jobs forget that unemployment is a response to the new developments in the world of innovations. Once people get to know the newest things and work with them or produce them, they are back on track, and the level of unemployment decreases. It had been so when smartphones substituted beepers, and it will for sure be so in the future (Edwards, 2015). All that technology does is makes employees more productive by doing part of their work and forces them to study and self-improve so that they keep up with the times. Development of Agricultural Technologies: Beneficial or Harmful to Mankind? The development of agricultural technologies was beneficial to mankind because it allowed more people to be supported. It is true because farmers do not have to use animals to plow the fields or hand labor to plant and harvest crops. Besides, technology helps in post-harvest processes. On the other hand, the development of agricultural technologies was harmful to mankind because it required people to work harder in a sense of learning how to deal with the consequences of the GM products and protecting crops from diseases caused by acid rains and changes in the ecology. Measurement of Time and Change in Working Patterns With the development of technology and their spread to our everyday lives and work it has become easier to measure working time. What I mean is that the borderline between the working time and time out of work diminishes because we have got an opportunity to take work with us everywhere we go. That is why many companies offer flexible hours or possibility to work from home. That said, the only thing that matters is that the employees cope with their tasks and not the time of the day or the place where they do it. Effect of Globalization upon Jobs The influence of globalization on employment is controversial. On one hand, people lose their jobs because of the overall openness of the world and transnationalism as sometimes companies find it more beneficial to attract skilled employees from abroad instead of teaching local workers. It, in turn, leads to inequality in access to employment. On the other hand, globalization has created additional opportunities for jobs as it promotes improvement in working standards increasing productivity and motivates creating new workplaces because of the rise of new industries (Huwart & Loic, 2013). Effect of Globalization upon Jobs in the Airline Industry It is true that some technologies destroy jobs, but the others create the ones that have never existed before (Volti, 2014). One of the brightest examples is the airline industry. Before inventing planes there have been no such jobs as pilots, cabin crews or air traffic controllers. Together with that, it gave birth to a profession known as aircraft designer. What is more, with the spread of the air transport, emerged the need for building airports all over the world and hiring those who would guarantee airplanes’ maintenance operations that created additional workplaces requiring new knowledge and skills. References Brynjolfsson, E., & Cowen, T. (2011). Can technology be society’s economic engine? Web. Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2011). Race against the machine: how the digital revolution is accelerating innovation, driving productivity, and irreversibly transforming employment and the economy. Lexington, MA: Digital Frontier Press. Edwards, J. (2015). This idea that technology destroys jobs is garbage. Web. Huwart, J. Y., & Loic, C. (2013). Does globalization promote employment? Web. Rehman, D. (2015). The impact of technology on unemployment. Web. Volti, R. (2014). Society and technological change. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Comparison and contrast 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Meditation is a process of a determined focus on a sound, thing, movement or just attention to enhance awareness of the current moment, decrease anxiety, boost recreation and uphold personal and spiritual advancement (Seaward, 2012, pp. 67-74). Even if meditation is a significant religious endeavor in some religions and customs, it could be carried out by anybody irrespective of their cultural or spiritual settings to alleviate stress and ache. While the Western health practitioners start comprehending the function of the mind in health and illness, there is more concern in the utilization of meditation in medication (Ospina et al., 2008, pp. 1199-1201). Meditative processes are progressively provided in health clinics and hospitals like a device for boosting wellbeing and quality of life. For instance, meditation is used in individuals with enfeebling, chronic or terminal sickness. This paper compares and contrasts inclusive and exclusive meditation. Comparison and contrast Inclusive meditation is a kind of meditation that permits every thought to get into the screen of the mind, yet have no opinion or psychological connection. Inclusive meditation entails observance with psychological detachment (Ospina et al., 2008, pp. 1201-1203). Some of the examples of inclusive meditation are Zen Meditation and Mindfulness Meditation. Exclusive meditation (also referred to as restrictive meditation) is a kind of meditation that concentrates on just a single thought, to the barring of every other. Some of the vehicles for exclusive meditation encompass mental recurrence (mantra) and recurring sounds (nadem) just to mention a few. Some of the examples of exclusive meditation include Transcendental Meditation (TM) and the Relaxation Response. Both inclusive meditation and exclusive meditation are similar in that they both concentrate on silencing the occupied mind. The purpose is not to eradicate stimulation but instead to guide the attention of an individual to a particular healing component; a sound, a word, an image, consciousness or the breath of the individual. In a case where the mind is “occupied” with the sensation of calm and tranquility, it cannot set itself out and be troubled, stressed out or dejected. Inclusive and exclusive meditation can both entail actions that maintain the attention pleasantly rooted in concentration. In an instance where the mind is calm and focused on concentration, it does not respond to the recollections from earlier times or anxiety of plans in the future, the two key contributors of chronic strain known to impinge on health (Ospina et al., 2008, pp. 1204-1209). On the other hand, inclusive meditation differs from exclusive meditation. Exclusive meditation involves methodically going past psychological activity and transcending every thought to experience gradually polished, more powerful phases, up to when an individual gets to the condition of pure awareness. Exclusive meditation is practiced as the deepest concentration of the mind with no thoughts but just consciousness, in its most pure and serene form. On the contrary, inclusive meditation is normally deemed a process of “open monitoring”; observing all thoughts, perceptual experiences or impressions as they emerge and set off devoid of judging or grasping, and is carried out to acquire insight and composure. Unlike inclusive meditation, exclusive meditation does not entail observing of thoughts, watching the breath or examining the body but is just a practice of transcending thoughts. While inclusive meditation occurs normally within the realm of the mind, exclusive meditation takes concentration to the state of pure awareness, away from the mind (Ospina et al., 2008, pp. 1210-1213). Conclusion Meditation has been employed as the primary remedy for curing some illnesses, as an added cure in an extensive treatment arrangement, and as a way of boosting the quality of life of individuals. Both inclusive meditation and exclusive meditation are alike in that they both focus on bringing calm and peace to the occupied mind. On the other hand, they differ in that while inclusive meditation is based on all thoughts, exclusive meditation excludes thoughts and is based on consciousness. I think inclusive meditation is more effective as inclusion of all thoughts increases and eases the power of concentration thus inculcating a better sense of peace and pleasure. References Ospina, M., Bond, K., Karkhaneh, M., Buscemi, N., Dryden, D., Barnes, V., Carlson, L., Dusek, J., & Shannahoff-Khalsa, D. (2008). Clinical trials of meditation practices in health care: characteristics and quality. The journal of alternative and complementary medicine, 14 (10), 1199-1213. Seaward, B.L. (2012). Managing stress: Principles and strategies for health and well-being. (7th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Relationship Between Green Buildings and Operations Management Report (Assessment) Introduction Green building is based on effective operations management which helps the construction company to determine and stipulate the main steps and resources required for the project. In Green building, planning requires special attention because it influences the overall success of the project and its outcomes for the organization. The budget can be controversial in administration circles, in terms of whether it is well conceived and whether it would have lasting and beneficial effects. Both should assess their relative contributions to the total project management task and view each other as alternative and supporting resources. As alternatives project managers present management with different means of budgets. The problem at this level is one of deciding what proportion of the total budget should be allocated to each. Conceptually, the decision of the relative amounts to be spent on each is straightforward. Economic theory furnishes the marginal approach. Operations Management Strategies Budgets and project planning Even if project and resource management data are not available, it behooves management to think of the total project tasks that match resources with green market potential. For instance, with a relatively small budget many alternatives are not feasible. Once a total budget for a green building project is set, project management should think in terms of the possible impact of different combinations: the extremes of spending the total budget, and the results expected from different combinations of each. Here again, although it is impossible to get precise data, management estimates can be made. There is at least an advantage to thinking in terms of inputs of alternative mixtures and resulting outputs. The most popular and advantageous sustainable technologies are renewable energy resources: solar energy, water and wind power. The main advantage of these technologists is that they do not pollute the surrounding and are effective enough to replace oil and gas, coal and power plants (Sustainable Development. 2009). Management strategies and importance Management may assist the natural processes in maintaining grasslands through seeding. In green building, water management involves methods to enhance water collection or to direct or divert water flows to maintain or increase targeted beneficial human uses. Tree planting can accelerate the reestablishment of a forest after a harvest or a fire. In some cases, the productivity of the resource may be stimulated simply by reducing the stock. For instance, a project near a forest with no net growth becomes a net producer of timber after some of its existing stock is removed, thereby permitting faster growth of the remaining trees. More important, the knowledge and ability to manipulate environmental systems, gained largely over the past century, have dramatically increased the capacity to boost yields well beyond those that would occur naturally. Improved seed varieties and beneficial chemicals combined with proper management can increase nutrient supply and reduce natural pests to enable much higher crop, forest, and range yields. Greater understanding of hydrology, and investments in dams and reservoirs, have increased the capacity to reliably extract water from streams (Clough et al 76). Resource Allocation In Green building, important dimensions of renewability are the vulnerability of the resource to deterioration, especially to the point that natural restoration is impossible or unlikely except over long periods; the time over which the resource will naturally be restored after a disruption; and the responsiveness of the resource and its potential for restoration through management. Characterizing Green building resources according to these dimensions is a complicated process because the renewability of a given resource varies widely depending on a variety of factors. For instance, water is generally more readily renewed than groundwater, and the renewability of forests, grassland, and cropland depends greatly on soil and water conditions. Increasingly over the past two centuries, the stocks and flows of these resources have been determined by the use and the management imposed by a growing human population and the economy (Scottish Institute of Sustainable Technology. 2009). On the one hand, the use has sometimes depleted local stocks or adversely altered the natural ability of the resources to renew themselves. In many cases, the Green building project intended to reduce local renewability, as in the conversion of a forest to crops. On the other hand, increased understanding of the reserve systems and improved operations management practices have tended to increase the productivity of the natural systems to meet the demands of the American people (Clough et al 88). Conclusion Green building and operations management use resource flows from existing stocks without seriously compromising the renewability of the resource for future use. Such management involves, in part, capturing the “losses” and mortality that would otherwise occur naturally. Grazing captures grasses for feed that might otherwise die and decompose as seasons change. Irrigation captures water for use that would otherwise evaporate or flow directly to the sea. In conclusion, operations management can provide protection to the resource from many natural and human-made dangers that reduce or dissipate the actual or potential productivity of the resource. Although operations management is not always wise and beneficial, advances in understanding the underlying natural processes and in the technologies for management have greatly enhanced the potential productivity of our renewable natural resources on a sustainable basis. Technological advances in building techniques early in the 21 st century bring major changes in the uses of and benefits derived from the nation’s resources. Operations management can be seen as a framework for effective Green building and construction management. Works Cited Clough, E.H., Sears, G.A., Sears, S. K. Construction Project Management. Wiley; 4 edition, 2000. Scottish Institute of Sustainable Technology . 2009. Web. Sustainable Development . 2009. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Abstract 2. The Main Body 3. Conclusion 4. References Abstract In the following work peculiarities of the process known as the Reformation are investigated. The figure of Martin Luther and his importance for the appearance and development of new ideas is described. Moreover, the phenomena of the Peasants War and the Twelve Articles are investigated. Understanding the ideas of Reformation by participants of this war and by Martin Luther is described and compared. The main differences and consequences of various approaches to these ideas are pointed out and analyzed. At the end of the work, conclusions are made. The Main Body Society of the beginning of the 16th century was very religious. Every aspect of the life of people, starting with kings and ending with peasants, was determined by religion. The Church was a very powerful institution that dominated the world. Its richness, influence, and territories made the Holy See the most powerful state of the Middle Ages. The Pope had the influence which no one had. However, the rule corrupts, that is why more and more people became unsatisfied with the Church, considering it to become venal and dissolute. Especially revolting was the practice of selling indulgences, which meant the absolution of past sins in return for money. Contradicting to all principles of Christianity, this practice triggered the process which became known as the reformation, which in turn was one of the main reasons for the Peasants War. However, Reformation did not mean total control over the church by common people and revolutionary movements, while participants of this war demanded their ability to interfere in the church affairs, referring to Luthers ideas. Martin Luther, a priest from Germany, is considered to be the founder of this movement. Being disappointed by the existing Church and its rules, he suggested his idea of divine service which became revolutionary for that time. In general, Luther was sure that the idea that the Church is an integral part of the faith is wrong, as it is the creation of a man. He proclaimed the Bible to be the only source of faith and religion. Being revolutionary, his ideas influenced society greatly, being one of the main causes of the German Peasants War and producing chaos, dissent, and rebellion ( Germany During the Reformation, n.d.). However, the understanding of reformation was different. Luther never meant revolutions and conflicts, while leaders of the Peasants War interpreted his ideas in their way. With the development of reformation, even more differences emerged. Luthers words “A Christian man is a perfectly free lord of all, subject to none” (Luther, 1916, p. 312) peasants understood directly. The problem was that lower social strata appraised the Reformation as the movement against existing order and traditions, trying to act by principles that Martin Luther had never proclaimed and created. Twelve Articles can be taken as the highest point of the Peasants War and attempt to create reasonable demands for society, lords, and church. The very first article states that participants of this protest demand the right to choose the priest according to their taste and to get rid of him in case of his inappropriate behavior or his interpretations of the Bible, in correspondence with the ideas of Reformation (“Twelve Articles of the Upper Swabian Peasants”, 1991) as they understood them. However, it was different from what Martin Luther meant. Peasants based their demands on the document known as Sola Scriptura , which stated that the Bible was the only source for a religious denomination. Created by Martin Luther, this principle stated that representatives of the Church had no right to change something in the main rituals of the faith according to their desire or the Popes order. However, Luther did not mean that the Church had no more right to exist and people had the right to interfere in its work. Moreover, Luther condemned this revolutionary movement as it caused hundreds of death and devastation all over the country. Having organized a great number of curacies on these lands after the Peasants War, Luther was shocked by the ignorance of people and even priests, and the way they interpreted his ideas. This fact can serve as the best evidence of controversies that existed between Luther and the creators of the Twelve Articles. Conclusion Having analyzed the main ideas of reformation and Twelve Articles , it is possible to come to certain conclusions. Having the main aim to epilogize the strangle of the Church and its interpretation of the basic notions of the faith according to the needs of the Pope or other priests, Martin Luther created his principles which served as the basis for the Reformation. They promoted great mayhems and shifts in society. However, Luther hoped for the peaceful reformation of society and church. Though, being wrongly interpreted, these principles served as one of the main reasons for the war known as Peasants’. Famous Twelve Articles proclaimed the ability of the congregation to rule the work of the church, stating their performance to the principles, described in Sola Scriptura . However, this interpretation of Luthers work was erroneous. Further development of actions showed the aberration of the participants of the Peasants War as even Luther condemned this development of actions, is not able to understand the ignorance of priests and people, which wrung his words from their true mining. References Germany During the Reformation. (n.d.). Web. Luther, M. (1916). Works of Martin Luther with introduction and notes . Philadelphia: General Council Publication Board. Twelve Articles of the Upper Swabian Peasants. (1991). In M. Baylor (Ed. ), The Radical Reformation (pp. 231 – 238). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Strategy 2. Mission 3. Goals 4. Conclusion 5. References Many organizations that are involved in work with people with various disabilities. Watchman (2017) states that there is “an increase in life expectancy over the past 50 years for people with an intellectual disability” (p. 11). One reason for this improvement is the work of the organizations mentioned above. In particular, The Arc Mid-South is a charitable organization dedicated to helping people with disabilities in improving their lives. Employees and volunteers of the organization are making events, communicating with people, and providing any available help to those who are in a difficult situation. The Arc Mid-South was founded in 1950 and has worked with a vast number of people. Only in 2018 alone, they helped more than 250 people. The purpose of this paper is to describe the strategic plan of the organization and its relationship with their mission, goals and objectives. Strategy All activities of the organization are aimed primarily at the work with people who has physical and intellectual disabilities. As part of this setup, The Arc Mid-South is developing in the following areas: support groups, advocacy, family support, referrals, education, summer and weekend camps, career, and others. For the functioning of each of these areas of the organization, they need volunteers who are willing to take on specific tasks. Also, The Arc Mid-South organizes fundraising to have a livelihood and development: they are continually looking for new donators. Some of them are Community Foundation, FedEx, Cummins, International Paper, Assisi Foundation, TN Council of Developmental Disabilities, and others. Mission The organization’s mission is “empowering individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities to achieve their full potential” (“Our Mission,” 2020, para. 1). Although many organizations deal with this issue, they are still not enough. However, it is thanks to them that a significant part of humanity has the opportunity to be full-fledged participants of society. It is also worth noting that The Arc Mis-South not only allows people with disabilities to live a healthy life but also achieve significant success. In the course of communication with these people, volunteers reveal their strengths: mental abilities, creative talents, character traits. Thanks to this, the life of everyone who comes to The Arc Mid-South becomes much more fulfilling, exciting, and full of meaning. Goals Currently, the organization has several goals; one of the main ones is to attract new funds that will allow them to function and develop. This process is ongoing and usually successful because the organization has been operating for 70 years already. Another goal is the search for new volunteers because they are always necessary and are precious employees. The Arc Mid-South is also developing new activities for those who come there to be even more productive and useful for people with disabilities. Conclusion Thus, The Arc Mid-South is a harmoniously developing organization that works for the benefit of society. It follows its mission, which is to help people and develop their potential. Based on this mission, The Arc Mid-South developed a strategic plan for further development, following which they can achieve even greater success. The organization has specific goals, the achievement of which also helps to realize its mission and improve the lives of people with disabilities. It is through such a clear understanding of their functions and needs that The Arc Mid-South has been operating successfully for many years. References Our Mission . (2020). Web. Watchman, K. (2017). Intellectual disabilities and dementia: a guide for families . Jessica Kingsley Publishers. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Stay,” what did you notice about the way Anna Quindlen uses description and the way she organizes her essay? As an author, Quindlen (2013) coherently organizes her essays. In the essay “Culture: Good Boy, Beau”, she begins with a description of a simple outing to the veterinary officer. She then explains the reasons as to why she went to see the veterinary officer alone. This part is followed by a brief introduction to her dog and the relevance of her story. The use of descriptive language helps Quindlen vividly tell her story to the reader. Through her detailed description, the reader appears to be in her shoes, experiencing her feelings and emotions. For example, it is interesting to read about what dog Beau used to be when it was young and energetic, and how things have changed later. One of the points the author makes is that although the dog was old and dying, there are a lot of good memories left behind. These memories have translated into life lessons to the author. Some of these lessons include taking things and situations as they come and evaluating herself in terms of the present (Quindlen, 2013). Some of the outstanding sensory details used in the story involve sight and hearing. The author tries to create an image in the reader’s mind to show how active her dog was. For example, describing how it was running around, she mentions that it wagged its tail, lay down, and danced in circles. The hearing is also involved in description to support the image created in the reader’s mind with the auditory effects. The author describes that she could hear the doctor calling her name and dog Beau breathing heavily at the smell of bacon. The sense of smell is also used in the description where the author states that both the dog and the rug smelt (Quindlen, 2013). Use examples from your own experiences, evidence from your essays, and good old-fashioned logic and reason to persuade people to avoid the pitfalls of the grammatical, mechanical, or stylistic error you have chosen As a student, one is expected to write many academic papers and essays. A good paper may contain some slight mistakes. These errors should be corrected during revision or while proofreading the work after writing. Correcting these errors can be time-consuming and tiring, and therefore, it can be helpful if a writer learns to avoid them in the first round. One of the grammatical errors, on which I was used to bogging down, was confusing similar words and interchanging their usage. Some of these words included ‘that’ and ‘which’, ‘me’ and ‘I’. These are words commonly mistaken by students both in the written and the spoken forms. To deal with this problem, I have had to study the meaning and usage of these words. As the common saying goes, practice makes perfect. I have researched on them, learned how to use them, and continuously practiced using them in sentences. For example, I have realized that the word ‘that’ was used only in defining clauses. As an example, the sentence ‘we will use the photo frame that my mother picked’ may be used. In this case, it is specifically that frame that was picked would be used. On the other hand, the word ‘which’ is used in constructing the non-defining clauses, as in the sentence ‘We will use the photo frame, which has a reflective color’. In this case, it could be any frame as long as it has a reflective color (Sole, 2010). The first step that helps in avoiding grammatical errors is realizing that there exists a problem. Second, take time to read about it and finally, practicing to avoid the problem. This ensures that your work is grammatically correct and communicates well. Reflect on what you have learned about English composition from this course? This course has greatly taught me how to write academic papers. I have learned that it entails how to choose a topic to narrow it down to something specific. The chapter that I enjoyed the most was chapter 4, “Developing a College Paper”. What I liked most about the chapter was that it gave clear steps on how one could develop their college paper and make sure that it was complete, coherent, clear, concise, and correct. There are five C’s that a student should ensure that their paper has, to write a first-rate piece. The steps are outlined (plan, generate ideas, create the first draft, revise, edit, proofread and check format) in a way that once a student understands them, they become the gateway to a good paper. These steps are very practical and explained well in the chapter (Sole, 2010). The instructor took time to explain areas that we – the students – did not understand. This gave the course more clarity and helped us get a better understanding of it. The area that this course helped me improve the most was the coherence of a paper. For an academic paper to be coherent, there should be a good flow of thoughts from one paragraph to the next throughout the paper (Sole, 2010). As I progress, I focus more on correcting the grammatical errors that I make while writing. Another area to be improved will be learning how to generate ideas before writing and ensuring that there are clarity and coherence throughout the paper. This course has equipped me with all the necessary tools for writing a good paper; starting with avoiding procrastination to significant steps before, during, and after writing a paper. References Quindlen, A. (2013). Culture: Good Boy, Beau. The Daily Beast . Web. Sole, K. (2010). Essentials of college writing . San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Diplomacy 3. -1+Presidency 4. Social issues 5. Summary 6. References Introduction The onset of the Vietnam War exposed the vagaries in the American political and administrative systems in terms of issues of diplomacy, presidency, and even in cultural and social matters. The social-political undertones that played out during the war outlined some of the salient administrative issues in the American government. This work seeks to offer a consummate discourse on the issues of diplomacy, presidential leadership, and the social issues that played out during the Vietnam War. Diplomacy The Paris peace endorsed in 1973 by the Nixon administration effectively ended the war. Activists had earlier condemned roundly, the diplomatic solecism under the Kennedy administration fuelled the flames of the war. Very prominently, the American containment policy in Vietnam appeared rather shaky to a region in which knowledge on democratic principles based on universal suffrage was inherently scanty. The concept of statehood was nebulous to Southeast Asia, and the American diplomatic model was not patient enough to instill such knowledge into these societies. Pundits have invariably argued that the framework employed by the USA was rather confusing; a direct conflict was the least probable option since the USSR, the avatar of communism, was very unstable after the demise of its strongman Stalin. Incidentally, China was convalescing from the Korean War, and so the voice of communism defenders was essentially “inaudible” (Filipink, 2009). Hixson (2010) asserts that the need to inject the template of the capitalism creed in Southeast Asia over the duration of time should have averted the war. Most prominently, the Kennedy administration should have committed itself to a policy of neutrality as entailed in the “Declaration for the neutrality of Laos.” Such diplomatic gaffes by the American government fuelled the hostility other than seeking the right way of asserting its authority over communism and its tenets. In summary, the USA noted that the policy of neutrality in any war or military engagement is very crucial. -1+Presidency The “burden” of the Vietnam War was heavily perched on the Kennedy administration. Considered as a novice and a political greenhorn, Kennedy’s diplomatic rubric and arrogance came into question during the Vietnam War. Kennedy openly supported the South Vietnam leader, Ngo Dinh Diem. International relations scholars have emphatically asserted that this was the first undoing of the American presidency. The administration got involved in the local politics directly, thus having exposed the US presidency to the ridicule of the very people whose support of the American administration was required in furthering their agenda (Hixson, 2010). Engagement in the local political issues of any state should not be direct, to say the least. The decline of the popularity of the Diem administration due to its irrational decisions directly “reflected” onto the American presidency. The American presidency required the goodwill of the Southern Vietnamese to nip the wave of communism that was threatening to “bleach” the rule of law in the whole of Vietnam and so appearing to be directly engaged in the local issues interfered with the US engagement in the process. The American presidency has thus adopted the neutral policy that does allow the US military to engage in activities that seek to “preserve” human dignity, but not “install” individual interest (Moss, 2009). Social issues The Vietnam War was a subset of the Cold War. It was a proxy struggle between the “communist culture” and the advocates of the “capitalism society” as represented by the US. In the cultural context, the Vietnam War was pretty much justified by the American government. The US loathes the practice of communism; this culture is deeply despised in the American social facet. Nonetheless, the “uprooting” of the communist social-political culture had to be done (Hixson, 2010). The salient lesson regarding the cultural context is to induce programs that “seep” into the social rubric with time. The USA has since perfected this framework in managing its influence in the geopolitical arena. Not all ideological differences should lead to armed struggles. These armed conflicts fronted very serious economic challenges to the American government. The lessons from Southeast Asia have led to the restructuring of the American social “restructuring” system and policy. The intelligible model that the US employs in the current political dispensations is an improved version of the failed model used in Vietnam. Currently, these social issues are to be introduced as “support programs.” Such programs are essential in the establishment of a platform to inculcate those social issues without armed conflicts (Moss, 2009). Summary The manner in which history chronicles events provides humanity with a chance to learn and remodel their lives for the future. The historical lessons have enlightened me on the past events and the mistakes thereof. The studies of these slips have provided me with the opportunity to be able to be part of the correction for a better future. Concerning the issues of the Vietnam War, proper scheming in the establishment of proper diplomatic mechanisms is essential for solving ideological stalemates. References Filipink, R. M. (2009). America at the Brink of Empire: Rusk, Kissinger, and the Vietnam War by Serewicz, L.W. Diplomacy & Statecraft , 20 (1), 188-189. Hixson, W. L. (2000). Leadership and diplomacy in the Vietnam War . New York: Garland Pub.. Moss, G. D. (2009). Vietnam: An American Ordeal . New York, NY: Prentice Hall PTR. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Consumers’ Problems During the Coronavirus Outbreak Essay Due to the pandemic, all aspects of everyday life have changed. As a result, consumers have new problems and habits that influence how they purchase products and services. Many changes in consumers’ behavior will remain post-pandemic. Thereby companies are adjusting to the unique demands of the market. For example, the pandemic makes people feel anxious and fearful about their health and the health of others. Therefore, some consumers may experience panic-buying of medications and hygiene products, while some remain calm and cold-minded. Moreover, consumers are now more conscious about what they buy and where. They aim to limit food waste, support local shops, and make sustainable choices. Consumers also value more social connections and interactions than ever before. However, many people struggle to interact with their family members constantly. As such, entertainment products and services are the most needed by consumers. Many companies implemented a crisis marketing strategy, such as providing free services, giving hand sanitizers as a gift, and other measures. For example, Amazon Prime offered free video content for kids, while Headspace, a meditation app, provided a free subscription through the end of 2020. In addition, companies support people in their experience with staying at home and encourage them to be positive as much as it is possible. For instance, Adidas’s Hometeam social media campaign illustrated sports celebrities at home. They do sports, cook healthy meals and interact with people at home, making customers connect to their idols and feel less lonely. It is seen that companies are adapting to the new demands of consumers through various marketing strategies and innovative ideas. I agree with the statement that “We are feeling machines that think.” People have an incredible spectrum of emotions that influence their decision-making process. For example, some people purchase products by carefully reasoning their needs rather than randomly buying things that were not planned. However, such people are less than those who give up on the thrill of purchasing some “cool” stuff. Marketers understand that most consumers are led by emotions more than reason. Therefore, the marketers try to pick up consumers emotionally by implementing different marketing strategies. As we discussed earlier in the class, the power of food has a significant impact on the way we buy food items. For example, companies offering fast food, restaurants, and cafes try to make their food look delicious through their ads to attract more clients. The cute packing of a product also plays a vital role in making people purchase it. For instance, children’s products and services, such as toys, video content, and food, are colorful, fun, and smell good. This is done by carefully analyzing what children like and how they choose products. In addition, companies use social topics for their campaigns to build brands and encourage customers to support them. Ecological issues, such as waste management, water pollution, and plastic recycling, are the most popular issues applied by companies to attract clients and make partners. They gain points by showing the world that a company is concerned about environmentally and socially valuable things. Emotions drive people, thereby manipulating their feelings, and knowing how exactly they will behave under specific actions are critical for companies. There are millions of dollars invested in learning how to make customers purchase products and services and control their behavior. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Comparison of American and Chinese Society Coursework A society can be described as a group of different people who interrelate and have some common aspects of their lives and live together. There are many components which make up the society. Some of the major ones are : status, roles, groups and institutions. (Society: Social structure, 2004). All these different components of society have varying impacts on the business environment. When comparing the American and Chinese society, some of the components of society which will be looked at are. These are generally influenced by the cultures of the different countries, the systems of government and the general attitude of the peoples. These components are: groups: social diversity in groups, language; institutions: social institutions, formal organizations and bureaucracy. The united states is basically a melting pot of different cultures as there are numerous groups of people with diverse backgrounds. China on the other hand has a more uniform group even though there are subgroups which may have some dissimilarities. The language mainly spoken is mandarin with numerous dialects. America on the other hand has many other languages but the main one spoken is English. The Chinese business environment is quite dynamic as it is fast growing and the economy is on a constant expansion. The economy has been growing on an average of 9.5% for the last 20 years and this has been attributed to by the favorable government policies.(npr, 2008). This is unlike the American business environment which usually experience minimal growth, if any, and of recently has been facing massive recession. Some of the main problems which can be experienced in china are bureaucratic hurdles and lack of transparency from the authorities, unpredictable regulatory organizations.(Business Alert) It is not to say that these are peculiar to china but in comparison to America, china comes out very badly. The other major difference is the tax system which is very obscure in china unlike in the United States. The United States is a fully democratic society which has the peoples freedoms enshrined in its constitution. The Americans are free to try out any ideas that may be of benefit to them, thus it is called the land of the free and the home of the brave. The Chinese government on the other hand has a lot of restrictions instituted for its people. There are a lot of controls on the information, the press, there is lack of personal freedom to a big extent. This impacts very negatively on the society as a whole as people are not free to express themselves. In general, the American society is better than the Chinese society. This is due to factors like the freedom accorded the Americans. The United States government tries very much to protect the rights of its citizens unlike the Chinese government which has been involved in numerous cases of human rights abuses. In business terms, the American business environment is friendlier as the government has clear policies governing business. The United States also has policies for supporting the less fortunate in the society with various philanthropists establishing foundations to look after them. Even though there may be more Chinese speakers than any other language, it is not widely spoken and therefore its use is restricted to china. English on the other hand is spoken more widely than any other language. It has been established as the lingua franca and therefore the best for use in business. Reference Business Alert – US. American Chamber of Commerce Finds Improved Business Environment in China . 2006. Web. Npr. Chinas Evolving Business Environment. 2008. Web. Society. Social Structure. Basic Components of Society. 2004. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Nonmaleficence as Ethical Principle in Healthcare Essay Every doctor and nurse must have the skills and knowledge to communicate with people. Professionals not only create a treatment plan but also observe ethical principles. Ethics helps specialists act humanely, tactfully, and professionally, which positively affects the patients’ recovery. The fundamental principles of ethics that laid down the activities’ basis for medical personnel are nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, and autonomy (Varkey, 2021). This paper reflects the principle of nonmaleficence, which assumes doing no harm (DeCamp et al., 2018). Despite the importance and apparent universality of ethical principles, there are many controversial aspects in their application. Medical workers have been a respected profession since ancient times, and some requirements had also arisen a long time ago. The principle of nonmaleficence is reflected in the Hippocratic oath in words, “First do no harm” (Summers, 2009, p. 41). According to Varkey (2021), this principle supports moral rules as not to kill, not to cause pain and suffering, not to inflict offense, and similar obligations. For me, this principle is the basis of practice and an action guide. Decision-making based on the assessment of potential consequences, benefits or harms, is critical. Moreover, the violation of nonmaleficence, in addition to the damage to health itself, can destroy the patient’s trust in medicine. As a result, if there are many such people, it threatens the reliability of health care and the nation’s health. In practice, the principle of nonmaleficence must determine every action of a medical professional. It implies assessing the benefits and burden of potential treatment steps and choosing the best one for the patient (Varkey, 2021). This assessment is critical in complex bioethical dilemmas such as abortion, euthanasia, and similar issues. The problem is that in terms of different approaches, harm can imply various things (Summers, 2009). I most often apply this principle by offering the best treatment options, preserving patients’ confidential information, and respectfully communicating with them, considering their emotional condition. Violation of these rules can harm a person’s health and dignity. Despite all the aspirations of specialists to comply with ethical principles, their workload and sometimes character can lead to a violation of nonmaleficence. I witnessed an example that included harm due to neglect. A patient confined to the bed could not move enough, and due to workload and fatigue, the staff did not pay enough attention to this problem. As a result, bed sores appeared that caused significant inconvenience and healed for a long time. The incident drew attention to the problem, and the administration took measures to eliminate it. The established work structure significantly influences adherence to ethical principles in the hospital. For this reason, the critical responsibility of the health manager is to promote an ethical culture. To do this, one must set high standards displayed in the rules and give resources for their promotion. Moreover, providing resources for high-quality service delivery is part of promoting ethical practices. Staff care will also ensure a more optimal and professional approach to patients. Thus, the compliance of medical personnel with ethical principles is vital for the high quality of services. The nonmaleficence principle means not causing harm and contributes to caring for patients and establishing trust in hospital staff. It implies the choice of the best treatment option for a patient exceeding the burden. However, the use of nonmaleficence is not always easy due to differing views on harm. Health managers need to ensure an appropriate work culture for staff commitment to ethics. References DeCamp, M., Pomerantz, D., Cotts, K., Dzeng, E., Farber, N., Lehmann, L., Reynolds, P.P., Sulmasy, L.S. & Tilburt, J. (2018). Ethical issues in the design and implementation of population health programs . Journal of General Internal Medicine, 33 (3), 370-375. Web. Summers, J. (2009). Principles of healthcare ethics. In Morrison, E. & Furlong, B. (Eds.) Health Care Ethics (2 nd ed, pp. 41-58). Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Varkey, B. (2021). Principles of clinical ethics and their application to practice. Medical Principles and Practice , 30 (1), 17-28. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Essay In a bid to avoid the ‘oil curse’, Dubai embarked on diversifying its industries. The emirate’s growth is currently associated more with diversification than its rich reserves of gas and oil. To many, the real estate industry is one of the best performing non-oil industries. Sadly, after enjoying a six-year boom, the real estate business hit its lowest point in 2010. Surprisingly, Dubai is among the most attractive real estate markets right now. However, economists see this boom as a sign of another bubble. In 2008, Dubai’s property prices increased sharply before falling by over 50% between 2009 and 2010. This bubble burst triggered a debt crisis. A housing bubble occurs after prices of property increase drastically due to speculations, increased demand, and hope that recent history is a true reflection of the future. A bubble starts with an increase in demand. Subsequently, speculators fuel the demand further by engaging in short-term transactions with the aim of making an instant kill. After some time, supply increases, but demand falls or stays constant. What follows is a sharp drop in prices. Consequently, the bubble bursts leading to debts evasion and loss of investments. Current activities in Dubai are an indication of a property bubble. Recent records indicate that home prices have increased by 21.7 %. If this upsurge is not checked, the housing sector may lose million due to an impending drop in house prices and an escalation in mortgage defaulters. As a result, Dubai’s financial sector will face unprecedented strains. To correct this looming tragedy, Dubai has started regulating its housing sector. For instance, most transaction fees have been raised in an effort to lower the demand and stabilize property prices. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Florence Nightingale is often considered to be one of the most prominent nurses in history since she had a great impact on nursing (Karimi & Alavi, 2015). She was born in Italy in 1920 and played an essential role in treating British soldiers during the Crimean War. According to Karimi and Alavi (2015), Nightingale worked at a British military camp where large numbers of soldiers were dying from preventable infectious diseases. The nurse believed the high casualty rates were due to the unsanitary environment in the rooms and took measures to ensure the cleanliness of medical equipment and the surroundings (Karimi & Alavi, 2015). As a result, the mortality rate among surgery patients decreased substantially, and Nightingale’s work formed the foundation of the Environmental Nursing Theory (Medeiros, Enders, & Lira, 2015). This theory had a significant influence on contemporary nursing practice. It emphasized the importance of a clean environment, diet, warmth, fresh air, quietness, and light in achieving improved health outcomes. Modern nurses are still required to ensure the presence of these factors, which means that Nightingale helped to shape the current nursing practice. Although nurses can serve as change agents, many factors can enable change or, indeed, halt it. Internal factors, such as safety culture, play a critical role in enabling change since they define the focus of care providers. Other internal factors that can influence the change process are resources and knowledge. Environmental factors, such as the political landscape, also play a pivotal role since legislative change can affect the quality of care and the demand for medical services. For example, the Affordable Care Act widened access to insurance, thus increasing the number of patients eligible for services. References Karimi, H., & Alavi, N. M. (2015). Florence Nightingale: The mother of nursing . Nursing and Midwifery Studies, 4 (2), 1-3. Medeiros, A. B. D. A., Enders, B. C., & Lira, A. L. B. D. C. (2015). The Florence Nightingale’s environmental theory: A critical analysis. Escola Anna Nery, 19 (3), 518-524. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Downsides of Credit. Personal Finance Coursework Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Actions Needed to Build a Good Credit Reputation 3. Signs of Overindebtedness 4. Common Fees assessed on Credit Card Accounts 5. Bankruptcy 6. Financial Math 7. Reference Introduction The main downside of credit is that the use of credit decreases the financial stability of an individual. With an excessive credit the individual may have to spend a major part of his/her income in repaying the amounts borrowed. This will limit the priorities that he/she can attribute to his/her limited income. Secondly, it is expensive to avail credit with higher amount of interest payable on the amounts borrowed and it also leads to get a tendency to spend over and above the means of repayment which is financially imprudent. Actions Needed to Build a Good Credit Reputation An individual should protect the credit reputation in the same way as he safeguards his personal reputation. It is wise to obtain credit bureau reports every year and challenge all errors and omissions found in them in order to maintain a good credit reputation. It also helps maintaining the credit reputation to obtain lowest APRs possible and in case of some difficulty in meeting the higher finance costs, the credit card balances can be transferred to lower-cost accounts. Payment on credit cards should be made each month without fail. It is also not advisable to make some convenient purchases on a credit card where the individual is already carrying a balance. Checking the monthly billing statements for accuracy and challenging all discrepancies would also help to build a good credit reputation. Signs of Overindebtedness There are different signs of overindebtedness. The situation where one is not able to estimate the amount repayable by him/her or running out of means to settle the debts show a position of overindebtedness. Similarly paying only the minimum amount due on credit cards and continuously requesting issue of new credit cards or enhancing the credit limits are also signs of overindebtedness. This situation also results in making late payments or skipping payment of amounts due. Common Fees assessed on Credit Card Accounts The following are the fees that are commonly found charged for credit card accounts. * Monthly fee – when the other different types of charged to credit cards does not total to a certain minimum, this fee is charged on a monthly basis. This fee is generally found charged to accounts which are low in value. * Transaction fee – a flat rate fee is charged in respect of each transaction entered into by the cardholder. Credit card companies determine the fee based on the method of transaction. * Setup fee – The credit card companies charge a fixed sum of amount as setup fee in respect of each credit card account the companies create. This is a onetime fee payable by an individual. Chargeback fees – the credit card holder is obligated to pay this fee for the reversal of any transaction. The fee is assessed irrespective of the fact whether the reversal was carried out or not. Bankruptcy Bankruptcy is the right guaranteed by the constitution which permits people to make a petition to a court for declaring them officially as unable to meet their financial obligations. Bankruptcy is a situation which affects a person’s personal confidence and can also make the individual unfit to recover his credit reputation. Since a situation of bankruptcy arises because of sudden happenings like unemployment, illness, disability, death in the family or small business failures, most of the time the person does not have an alternative except to meet with the exigency of applying for bankruptcy. Bankruptcy is justified when the person has exhausted all means of financial arrangements including rescheduling of debt repayments and debt consolidations. Where there are possibilities of working out some definite arrangements with the creditors by rescheduling the loans or consolidating them bankruptcy is not justified. Financial Math * What is the amount of their monthly payment if they borrow for four years? Monthly payment = Loan Amount * Monthly payment at APR 16% for 48 months 2.8 * 28.34 = $ 79.35 * What are the total finance charges over that four- year period? Total Repayment = Monthly payment * No of monthly payments = $ 79.35 * 48 = $ 3808.80 Finance Charges = Total Repayment – Amount Borrowed = $ 3808.80 – $ 2800.00 = $ 1008.80 * How would the payment change if Kimberly and Rebecca reduced the loan term to three years? Monthly payment =Loan Amount * Monthly payment at APR 16% for 36 months 2.8 * 35.16 = $ 98.44 * How would the payment change if they could afford a down payment of $500 with four years of financing? Loan Amount = Cost – Down payment = $ 2800 – $ 500 = $ 2300 Monthly payment =Loan Amount * Monthly payment at APR 16% for 36 months 2.3 * 28.34= $ 65.18 Reference E Thomas Garman & Raymond E Forgue ‘ Personal Finance’ Ninth Edition. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Teachers, Social Media, and Free Speech” by Vasek Essay (Critical Writing) The article discusses the current topic of social media use by teachers and the legislation balancing free speech rights and the educational benefits of social media. The authors claim that in the United States, teachers use social media to contact students or parents, improve the curriculum, and develop professionally through interaction with peers (Vasek & Hendricks, 2016). Despite the benefits of social media, it has its drawbacks, as some teachers publish controversial content, and their social networking with students might be considered inappropriate. The following paper will explain the need for responsible social media use and describe the limits of the Pickering decision. The problems of the irresponsible use of social media and unprofessional teacher-to-student networking require school leaders and legislators to take disciplinary action against educators regardless of their First Amendment’s right to freedom of speech. Thus, teachers should exercise caution while using social media or networking with students to enjoy the technology’s pedagogical benefits without the risks of damaging their careers. The case of Pickering v. Board of Education provided protection for teachers commenting on socially important matters. However, educators should avoid media comments on employment conditions since they will be considered as personal matters that are not covered by First Amendment protection. Moreover, the teachers should ensure that their speech or a social media publication does not interfere with school operations or working relationships between employees and supervisors. The modern case of Spanierman v. Hughes involved the Pickering balancing test. The teacher used his personal Myspace account to contact students, but the page also had inappropriate content. The school guidance counselor received students’ complaints and advised Spanierman to use the school email instead of the personal account for communication with students. The school officials refused to renew the contract with Spanierman after he created the identical Myspace page. The case was dismissed as there was no public concern involved, and the content had a negative impact on the educational environment. Therefore, teachers should avoid social media networking with students or topics unrelated to education as inappropriate speeches are not protected by the First Amendment and might lead to lawful employment termination. Additionally, educators should never post personal information and comments about students, parents, or other teachers, as the case of Munroe v. Central Bucks School District shows. Despite the teacher’s attempt to hide her identity, it was uncovered, and the offensive content of her blog led to her termination. As the blog negatively affected relationships and respect in the school community, the court dismissed the case, so it was not protected by the First Amendment. The legal case of Pickering v. Board of Education demonstrates how free speech rights protect school teachers. Marvin Pickering was fired by the board of education after expressing his disagreement with their financial decisions in a local newspaper. Pickering appealed to the court in 1968, which resulted in the conclusion that educational goals must be balanced with the teachers’ free speech rights. The Pickering balancing test, however, created some limits to the freedom of speech, as seen from Connick v. Myers case. Sheila Myers lost the case, as the court decided that her questionnaires did not communicate a matter of public concern. The cases of Pickering and Connick led to the development of a two-prong test during free speech challenges. The first prong requires teachers to prove that their message addresses a matter of public concern. The second prong demands that a teacher demonstrate how his/her speech interests “outweigh the school’s efficiency in operations interest” (Vasek & Hendricks, 2016, p. 3). Overall, the court decisions limited the freedom of speech, so the educators can rely on the First Amendment only when their speech involves public concern and the school’s operations. Reference Vasek, M., & Hendricks, R. (2016). Teachers, social media, and free speech. eJournal of Education Policy , 1–10. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
History and the Modern Problem of Eugenic Science Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Definition of eugenics 3. The emergence of eugenic science 4. The problem of sterilization 5. Eugenics in the modern world 6. Conclusion 7. References Introduction For a long time, eugenics has been one of the most contradictory social issues. From the rational point of view, selection applied to a man is quite a positive phenomenon, as it aims to eliminate degeneration in the human gene pool. However, since the time of its formation as a concept and later as a science, eugenics had fallen into the wrong hands. Definition of eugenics Widely popular in the first decades of the XX century, eugenics later became associated with Nazi Germany, so that its reputation suffered considerably. However, the modern development of genetics and reproductive technologies makes it a substantial reconsideration of eugenics, its ethical and moral status in human life. Eugenics in general is defined as “a science that deals with the improvement (as by control of human mating) of hereditary qualities of a race or breed” (Singleton, 2014, p. 122). There exist two interpretations of eugenics. Negative eugenics claims that people with some hereditary disorders and deviations should be prohibited to reproduce for keeping the gene pool healthier. Positive eugenics assumes that healthy, intellectually genetically flawless human specimen should bring more and more descendants (Singleton, 2014). The emergence of eugenic science Deriving from ancient Greece, Sparta, and Rome, eugenics as a practical tool to improve the quality of the species was first described by the British psychologist Francis Galton. Supporting Darwin’s theory of natural selection, Galton formulated the principles of improvement of agricultural plants and cattle, as well as of human heredity, and in 1883 introduced the term “eugenics”. Gradually eugenic theories had spread in the academic circles of various countries, with the United States being the most fruitful one. Such interest was boosted by the massive immigration waves to the US. American scientific eugenics movement officially started in 1898 when Charles Davenport from Harvard presented his single gene theory of human traits. In 1910, Davenport together with the American Breeder’s Association established the Eugenics Record Office, the leading research institution of heredity deficiencies (Singleton, 2014). The problem of sterilization The main scientific “achievements” of that period led to the establishment of sterilization laws in a range of the states and widespread use of euthanasia in American mental clinics. Harry Laughlin, the creator of the Model Eugenical Sterilization Law, provided an economic justification for sterilization in comparison with regular medical treatment. In 1927, the notorious Buck v. Bell case in Virginia made it for the sterilization of imbecile, mentally ill and raff people to become an accepted rule. From the beginning of the XX century till the mid-70s more than 30 states adopted sterilization laws, with more than sixty thousand patients forcibly sterilized. The state sterilization practices had gone too far, and after the revelation of unreasonable and inhumane treatment of physically healthy small children in the 1974 Relf v. Weinberger case, the draconian regulations subsequently were loosened (Singleton, 2014). Eugenics in the modern world Nowadays the problems of eugenics, especially the fight against hereditary diseases, are solved within the framework of human genetics. Such tools as pre-implantation genetic screening, somatic and germline modification can help avoid unhealthy descendants from parents suffering genetic diseases. From one point of view, this may seem like an invasion of some divine plan, but from the other – such genetic changes avoid human suffering in the future (Singleton, 2014). Eugenic principles today can be useful to provide recommendations in cases of the desired and unwanted pregnancy. Conclusion Overall, eugenics itself is not a harm to society. The only harm comes from the perverted interpretation of the people. It is not a secret that man has transformed the process of natural selection by the development of medicine and technologies. The diseases, which once were obstacles for the transfer of defective genetic material to the next generations, can now be cured. Thus, if a man has invaded natural selection, he now has to deal with the quality of the genetic pool. The other point is that such improvement must be done based on the principles of equality, humane and impartiality. References Singleton, M. (2014). The ‘science’ of eugenics: America’s moral detour. Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons, 19(4), 122-125. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Ethical Scenario in Kant’s Theory of Humanity Essay While trying to explain humanity, Immanuel Kant stated that we should always treat humanity in us or in other people as an end and not as a means (Barbara 2011). This is actually the argument which I believe is strongest. The moral principle behind this argument is helping other people and at the same time helping you. This principle is normally known as beneficence . Treating an individual and yourself as an end depicts that you respect and value that person’s humanity and your humanity too. This is how you can know that this premise is good. It is important to treat people equally and not discrimination on others because they are disabled or come from different ethnic group or race. Based on utilitarianism theory, an action is termed good if it generates good in a greater way and number (Wells & Johnjoe 2006). It is immoral to treat a person or to use a person as a means to reach an end. This shows lack of respect since it lessens their humanity if used to reach an end. No good comes out of treating a person as a means to reach an end. People may feel discriminated if they are used as a means to reach an end. On the other hand, if you delight in everything that you do then the world is safe but if you take them as simply steps leading you towards the future, then that is the function will take the place of meaning leaving you to be an object without direction but only meant to satisfy your own future (Barbara 2011). Using a person to fulfill your personal desires is almost similar to discriminating upon them since you do not respect or value them. This is why I can conclude that discrimination is immoral. It leaves a group of people out of social gathering, or in the job market which is against the natural rights theory which states that all humans have natural rights. The weakest argument on ethical scenarios addressed is: stating that it is God’s will for women to be ruled by men and that it is a moral action which should be accepted in the society. I believe that this point is weak because it is going against moral principles and theories. According to moral principle of justice, people should be treated fairly and equally and in this scenario, there is no equal treatment because men dominate over women. God created Eve to help Adam out and not for Adam to rule over her. They were to work together with each having their own roles and responsibility and above all they were to love and respect each other as husband and wife and not looking down upon the other party since they were all humans (Edmund 2004). Despite the fact that this argument is in line with divine command theory that states that morality must be based on commands from God, it however does not hold since there is nowhere in the bible where it is stated that men should dominate over women. This is how you can know that this premise is wrong. This therefore means that it is wrong to state that it is the will of God for women to be ruled by men. It will be therefore wrong to allow men to rule over women in the society. Utilitarianism theory states that happiness ought to be maximized for all people. Women will not be happy in the society if they are dominated by men such that they are not even allowed and given chance to speak out their minds in the society. The natural rights theory states that all humans have got natural rights and dominating over women will be like denying them their rights. References Barbara, M. (2011). Ethics: Theory and Contemporary Issues. New York: Wadsworth Publishing Edmund, O. (2004). On Human Nature . Harvard: Harvard University Press. Wells, H. & Johnjoe, M. (2006). Human Nature: Fact and Fiction. London and New York: Continuum. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Refugee Trauma” Article Critique Research Paper A review of a peer-reviewed article will be performed. This paper concerns a literature review of a therapeutic journal’s work, one that was published in the recent future. The research (Bemak, 2017) was mainly focused on tackling trauma, as well as finding proper ways of assessing it. In particular, the trauma of migrant people and refugees is brought into consideration, with multiple problems arising from their experience being noted. Authors suppose that the utilization of their multi-stage model can be effective in better handling migrant trauma, an assertion made based on previous research and new approaches. The current paper will seek to analyze this study in further detail, as well as to personally call into question the effectiveness of its methodology in addressing the problem of migrant trauma. The authors of the article are interested in discussing and formulating a proper model for addressing refugee trauma. By overlooking the existing articles on the struggles of migrants, they formulate some of the main points of concern for this vulnerable population, their effect on migrant mental health, and possible way of intervention. Healthcare professionals and counselors are advised to utilize the Multiphase Model (MPM) of Psychotherapy as a good solution to the emerging problem of refugee trauma. The main hypothesis of the work could be assumed to be in two things: first, the fact refugees experience trauma that needs specific and specialized approaches to be properly addressed, and second that the Multiphase Model of Psychotherapy is most effective at meeting the needs of refugees. Both hypotheses are not stated outright but implied through the narrative of the article and the main points it is attempting to make. Part of the literature discussed concerned the different varieties of trauma and difficulty refugees experience, both connected with their previous living conditions and the process of starting a new life. It also discusses such considerations as racism, education, and learning issues, as points of concern that uniquely impact foreign refugees and migrants. The other types of literature authors of the article have reviewed concern the creation and implementation of their therapeutic system for helping refugees. The effectiveness of the program is attributed to its basis on previous trauma-related models, as well as the incorporation of newer research into the process. Since the research article presents a new theoretical framework for treating people with trauma, it has not utilized other people as participants, nor does it have a sample size. No variables, dependent or otherwise, were utilized in the process. The main methodology of this article was, much like its goals, to review available literature in an effort to support its claims with solid evidence. The various types of trauma are noted to exist and present a big problem for the migrant people. The effectiveness and viability of the proposed model are similarly supported by previous studies on refugee therapy. The effectiveness of the new model is also supported by a continued discourse on the topic. The main conclusion and findings of this paper reiterate the fact that refugee therapy requires an ability to consider and engage with a variety of socio-political factors concerning a particular individual and that special approaches need to be developed in order to ensure the quality of therapeutic work. The study argues for the effectiveness and benefits of its five-stage model but also notes that more research into the field of refugee assistance needs to be made. No major problems of the study were discussed, save for the need to conduct attritional research in the field before making definitive conclusions. The study encourages more information to be developed in the field of migrant trauma, which is extremely important when discussing a niche topic in much detail. While the researchers have managed to offer a convincing and nuanced perspective of offering assistance to migrant people, the research lacks any real-life evidence on the effectiveness of the particular method chosen, meaning that its application can only be reserved for the theoretical realm. If during more practice-oriented tests, it is understood that the five-stage framework is either inadequate or too time-consuming to implement, it will be a tremendous waste of both time and resources. I would argue that more research needs to be done on the effectiveness and implementation of the framework in real people. Furthermore, research failed to justify and mention why the particular kinds of trauma discussed were chosen, as opposed to other struggles that a migrant might suffer from. The information provided on the types of trauma, while comprehensive, does not fully justify its choices in focus. The authors strongly imply throughout the paper that their research will be useful in the application by therapists and healthcare professionals, who, with enough preparation, will be able to utilize it to better tackle the various problems of the migrant population. The model proposed uses various types of data and previous research to create a more nuanced and multi-factored approach to understanding trauma. Reference Bemak, Fred; Chung, Rita Chi-Ying (2017). Refugee Trauma: Culturally Responsive Counseling Interventions. Journal of Counseling & Development, 95(3), 299–308. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Abused Women Report When we talk about abuse, we basically mean mistreating and manipulating someone causing physical, sexual or psychological harm to their emotions and self esteem. Trauma, on the other hand, is a result of being involved in a distressing traumatic ordeal that affects your emotions and leaves lasting memories of the encounter. Post-traumatic stress disorder may be as a result of past experiences such as rape, domestic violence or molestation. This anxiety disorder that arises from trauma may leave behind long-lasting psychological effects that may keep on haunting the victims (Harris, 1996). Such individuals need counseling and motivation to help them combat the fear within them and boost their self esteem. Women tend to be more vulnerable to abuse, assault, battering, kidnapping, rape and even physical, emotional and psychological torture regardless of their social status in the community, race, tribe, nationality or their level of education. They all experience domestic violence, abuse and post-traumatic disorders. In most cases, these incidences of women abuse occur within the confine of a family set up or relationship where one partner tends to mistreat, mishandle, abuse and assaults the other partner and in most cases the women fall victim of such misconducts from their male counter parts. Such abuse and undermining of one’s feelings and emotions often leads to detrimental effects on the victims. Most abused women tend to harbor anger and hatred against those that mistreat them and this leads to a failed marriage institution as women are the corner stone of any stable marriage. It also leads to low productivity as their psyche to hard work and fend for their families drastically fades away. Post-traumatic disorder that emanates from trauma and routine torture, leads to a negative psychological effect on the victims. Since women tend to be the weaker sex with a lot of emotions, they tend to be affected to a great extend by such mistreatment and abuse. Some end up having very low self esteem, depressed, stressed up and some even contemplate of committing suicide. Women who happen to be abused sexually or raped in their earlier stages tend to have severe trauma and psychological disorders that may even affect their relationship with their male counterparts and more so their marriages later on in life. Statistics have shown that one of the three women has been abused either sexually, physically, emotionally or psychologically. A survey conducted in Canada by the General Social Survey (GSS) group deduced that about 25 percent of the women in Canada have been abused by their partners. The survey also showed that the incidences of women molestation tend to be more severe than the abuse directed to their men counterparts. (Pottie, 2000). In conclusion, we have to find lasting solutions to these barbaric behaviors that have lead to destruction of many women’s lives, their families, kin and relationships as a result of trauma and abuse mostly from their spouses. There has to be a mutual understanding between spouses and each one has to play his or her role in the family and give their very best to enable the marriage to stand. In cases of serious misunderstandings, the services of a marriage counselor may come in handy. For women who are abused and harbor psychological trauma, it is advisable to seek treatment and guidance from a trained personnel, therapist or a doctor. It also helps have a confidant whom you can freely share your private life with. References Harris, J. (1996). Dangerous Domains: Violence Against Women in Canada . Toronto: Sage Publications. Pottie, V. ( 2000), Spousal Violence: Statistical profile of Family Violence in Canada. Toronto: Oxford University Press. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Freight Strategies Planning and Costs Case Study Table of Contents 1. Summary 2. Problem 3. Significance of the problem 4. Development of alternate action 5. Recommendations 6. Reference List Summary The freight strategies adopted by various companies often depend on the amount of cargo that they have to transport. For instance, it is possible to consider the operations of small businesses that produce different types of equipment. These shippers often rely on such a method as less than truckload shipping or LTL (Neu, 2013, p. 119). This term is often applied to describe the transportation of small freight (Neu, 2013, p. 119). It is important to find various alternatives to LTL because this task can be important for the economic performance of various businesses, especially those that produce a relatively small quantity of goods (Albert, 2013). These are the main questions that should be discussed more closely. Problem There are several difficulties associated with the use of LTL. At first, one should mention that these shippers have to pay higher transportation costs. As a rule, these costs rise by approximately 8.4 percent (Meyer, 2011, p. 5). It should be mentioned the carriers of such shipments have to set higher prices; otherwise, they may not be able to ensure their economic sustainability (Meyer, 2011, p. 5). The main issue is that the operational expenses of these shippers usually increase significantly. Thus, they find it more difficult to compete in terms of prices. Additionally, the adoption of this approach can lead to significant scheduling problems for small shippers. Very often, they cannot coordinate their actions with distributors. In many cases, these businesses are forced to set higher prices for products. In the long term, their competitive position weakens, especially in comparison with large companies that can enter the so-called price wars, which often prove disastrous for small businesses. These are the main details that can be singled out because they show that freighting strategies can affect the operational costs of businesses and their planning capacity. Significance of the problem This problem has significant implications for various stakeholders. For instance, one can speak about the owners of small enterprises that cannot generate sufficient revenues. In many cases, their market share decreases. Apart from that, one should not forget about the needs of employees whose compensation can also decline. Finally, one should not forget about the interests of customers whose purchasing options can be very limited. Thus, this problem can create problems for many individuals and organizations. This is why this issue should be taken into account by business administrators and supply chain managers who need to improve the efficiency of the enterprise. Development of alternate action It is possible to consider several alternatives to LTL. For instance, businesses may decide to use the services of parcel carriers (Dennis, 2001, p. 23). This strategy means that the cargo should be divided into smaller units that can weigh at most 155 pounds (Dennis, 2001, p. 23). This approach enables businesses to reduce their expenses significantly (Mulcahy & Sydow, 2008). Nevertheless, there are some important problems that may remain unresolved. In particular, parcel carriers cannot focus on the needs of only one carrier. Secondly, it may be difficult for some businesses to divide their cargo into these smaller units. This argument can be relevant to organizations that produce different types of equipment. This difficulty can affect those businesses that cannot launch large-scale manufacturing of goods. This is why the use of parcel carriers may not be applicable to various organizations. Moreover, it is possible to mention such a strategy as zone skipping. It means that that the services of LTL carriers are used only when it is necessary to transport cargo over rather short distances. When the cargo is delivered to the hub, it is taken by a parcel carrier. This strategy can be helpful for the reduction of costs. However, one should keep in mind that a shipper will need to rely on the services of two or even more carriers. The problem is that these carriers do not always coordinate their actions properly. As a result, the risk of untimely delivery can increase significantly. So, such shippers may not meet their legal obligations. This failure can produce even more adverse effects on a company because it can lose many of its business partners. This is one of the disadvantages that should not be overlooked by managers. This example indicates that zone skipping can lead to detrimental results. Recommendations On the whole, such businesses may consider such an option as the consolidation of freights. This approach is particularly beneficial for a group of producers that are located in the same region (Albert, 2013). Moreover, in many cases, they have to send cargo to the same destination (Mulcahy & Sydow, 2008). For instance, one can mention Chinese manufacturers that need to transport their cargo to the United States and Europe. Certainly, this strategy requires the coordination of different manufacturers. Nevertheless, this approach helps small companies reduce their operational costs. So, they will be able to withstand the competition of larger companies. This is another benefit of this approach. Therefore, businesses may consider the consolidation of shipments because this strategy combines cost-efficiency and reliability. Reference List Albert, M. (2013). Collaborative Freight Strategies Offer Lower-Cost Alternative to LTL. Web. Dennis, W. (2011). Parcel and Small Package Delivery Industry . New York: Springer. Meyer, M. (2011). Vehicle Routing under Consideration of Driving and Working Hours: A Distributed Decision Making Perspective . New York, NY: Springer Science & Business Media. Mulcahy, D., & Sydow, J. (2008). A Supply Chain Logistics Program for Warehouse Management . New York, NY: CRC Press. Neu, F. (2013). Cutting Costs: Successful Strategies for Improving Productivity , New York, NY: ABC-CLIO | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
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