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The Renaissance in Italy Essay Introduction The Italian Renaissance marked the end of one era in Europe and the start of a new one. For many people who lived in Italy between 1350 and 1550 Renaissance completely revolutionized Italy and established a new nation. It ushered in a moment in the history of Italy when people rediscovered a number of things, including effective learning. In addition, it was accompanied by various innovations and discoveries such as nicely constructed buildings. The Spirit of the Renaissance Age For some people, Renaissance was regarded as a period of recovery from various disasters that rocked Italy in the fourteenth century that included a poor political landscape and economic recession. As noted by Bartlett (25), Renaissance Italy represented an active and fast-growing nation that created numerous opportunities for the Italian people. Apparently, Italian cities were quickly transformed into political, economic, and social centers. During the Renaissance, people were mostly recognized for their abilities. Clearly, the spirit of the people during the Renaissance age was that of progressive growth as individuals were mainly concerned with building a better future that they could be happy with. With a positive attitude, it became obvious that everyone was capable of accomplishing so much. How Humanistic Ideals Impacted the Renaissance The Renaissance was affected by humanistic ideals in a number of ways. First, individuals started to slowly detach themselves from their social classes and eventually broke down the feudal system. Scores of people also relocated to cities and opened businesses to sustain them. Individuals also embrace the art of reading as well as writing and no single person wanted to be seen as being lazy. The different business ventures that were started by those who moved to live in the cities later became very instrumental in producing a variety of products for consumers in the cities. Arguably, the growth witnessed during the Renaissance period was mainly a result of people’s mindset and manner of thinking (Ruggiero 15). Many were open to changes and had a strong desire to try out new things and this helped to engineer the much-needed growth. At the start of the Renaissance, scholars in Europe discovered early writings of the Romans and Greeks and this helped to inspire growth among the people. Piece of Art that is the Clearest Expression of the Spirit of the Age As noted by Bayer (5), the most famous artworks of the Renaissance were made to celebrate love, marriage, and family. The one piece of art that best represents the spirit of the age is the Dome of Florence Cathedral. It was a public symbol of Florentine superiority during the early days of the Italian Renaissance. Furthermore, the structure demonstrates the importance of the Catholic Church in the Italy. Apparently, the Dome of Florence was an important symbol of Renaissance culture in Italy and was regarded highly by many. The Dome of Florence Cathedral is depicted by figure 1. Figure 1 Conclusion The discussion in this paper clearly indicates that historically, development has been as a result of the desire of men and women to explore new ways of living and doing things. To a large extent, the development agenda was driven by individuals at different levels in the society with a vision and motivated by the need to experience a better future. Works Cited Bartlett, Kenneth. The Civilization of the Italian Renaissance: A Sourcebook . Ontario, CA: University of Toronto Press, 2011. Print. Bayer, Andrea. Art and Love in Renaissance Italy . New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2008. Print. Ruggiero, Guido. The Renaissance in Italy: A Social and Cultural History of the Rinascimento . New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
These organisations and agencies provide consumers with legal and information support, as they are building their relationships with sellers and suppliers. However, any violations of consumer laws and rights can easily result in criminal charges. This is why a police department can and should be actively involved in consumer protection. The police department often receives consumer complaints, and many of these complaints are valid and demand thorough criminal investigation. It would be fair to say that the police department is in a better position to investigate such cases than consumer protection agencies and non-profit organisations providing legal support. At times, the boundary between administrative and criminal law violations is extremely blurred, and only a law enforcement professional can help determine the scope of the issue, its gravity, consequences and potential solutions. One of the most common consumer protection cases involving police is that of identity theft. At times, consumers make purchases from unreliable suppliers, who use their credit card information for fraudulent purposes. In this situation, filing a complaint to the local police department is the first step to resolving this criminal issue. The police will have to examine the customer’s credit card report and identify fraudulent inaccuracies and the criminal’s identity (herself). Very often, consumers receive fraudulent messages about awards and lottery prizes, especially by phone. At the same time, they are asked to make a purchase or donation, in order to get their prize. This is a sophisticated scheme of fraud, which crosses the boundary of administrative and consumer protection law. Apparently, only the police department can help protect the rights of the consumers, who have been defrauded of their possessions in this way. The police department may also get involved in cases, when trade solicitations become a huge pressure for the potential customer. A reputable business owner will never insist that the customer makes an instant purchase decision. In case of threats, the local police department will react immediately, because consumer rights are violated, and the consumer’s life and health may be put under risk. Certainly, if consumer rights violations lead to injuries or death, they become a matter of the local police’s concern. For instance, some police departments assume a responsibility for checking and monitoring non-licensed chimney contractors. Overall, any consumer rights violations, trade violations and deceptive practices, false pricing and advertising, as well as consumer frauds that contain the signs of crime are to be investigated by the local police department. This is also the case of consumer extortion. Consumer extortion has become quite common, and thousands of customers suffer from the loss of their property as a result of deceptive business practices. More often than not, it is the local police department that receives extortion complaints from consumers. The local police department can get involved in an extortion case, when it has the features of a crime, including felony. Recently, many moving companies have fallen into an extortion disgrace, and some business owners were even arrested for extortion and unauthorised used of the movable. Unfortunately, many cases of consumer rights violations end up as a civil matter; for this reason, business owners are not afraid of extorting their customers for a certain sum of money. Simultaneously, for an attorney and police professionals who know their job, detecting the signs of crime in consumer extortion is not difficult, and the police department can interpret such actions as felony. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
To the Free and Loyal Inhabitants of the City and Colony of New York Annotated Bibliography Brutus. (1770). To the free and loyal inhabitants of the city and colony of New York . Evans 13180 . Web. In fact, “To the free and loyal inhabitants of the city and colony of New York” written by Brutus is the primary source used for the analysis. The document was written 95 years before 1865, which makes it valuable for consideration. At the same time, Alexander McDougall, who is supposed to be Brutus, is a person that lived in that time. Moreover, the document contains detailed, even though pessimistic description of the political and social tendencies in 1770. As a result, I would consider this source as primary since it matches all the important criteria and represents a powerful message to the society in the end of 18 th century. Secondary sources Foner, E. (2020). New York workingmen demand a voice in the revolutionary struggle (1770). In Voices of Freedom: A Documentary History (Sixth ed., Vol. 1, pp. 88–90). W. W. Norton & Company. The historical book named Voices of freedom: a documentary history and written by Eric Foner provides a brief description of the motives for Brutus to write the historical document that underlines the importance of developing ‘ideal’ citizenship. In addition, the description is aligned with the other politically and socially important events so that the analyst might experience reading about the New York revolutionary struggle in the context of the US society in 1770. I would consider this book as a valuable secondary source since it provides both objective and subjective perspectives on the analyzed historical event and, thus, judge its importance in ‘post-factum’ form. Champagne, R. J. (1975). Alexander McDougall and the American Revolution in New York (1st ed.). Union College Press. Finally, I added Champagne’s book named Alexander McDougall and the American revolution in New York as the background-providing secondary source. Most of the theories about the real name of Brutus, the author of the analyzed document, claim that Alexander McDougall is the only possible individual to write “To the free and loyal inhabitants of the city and colony of New York.” As a result, to fundamentally understand the author’s position, it is critical to analyze the social portrait of a person that represented the revolution in 1770. I would consider this source as valuable for my work since it provides a wider regard on the historical personalities of that time, which plays considerable role in building the logical chain of theories and facts. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Optional Replenishment and Base Stock Systems Report (Assessment) Optional Replenishment Systems An optional replenishment system is a type of inventory control system which combines the characteristics of periodic and fixed quantity inventory systems. It is used when the costs involved in checking and reviewing the inventory are high, the review could be inaccurate or problematic (for instance, this can be the case with dangerous chemicals, scrap materials, pig iron, etc.), or when ordering of the new materials is costly and/or difficult. If the optional replenishment system is used, it means that a certain amount of the stock (for instance, s) is defined as low, whereas another certain amount of it (say, S) is defined as desirable. The firm carries out a periodic review of the availability of stock in the warehouse. The quantity of stock is then compared with s and S. If the quantity present is below s, then the additional stock is ordered. Otherwise, no orders are made (Chen, Feng, and Ou 404-405; Gopalakrishnan and Haleem 163). There exist a number of easy ways to effectively use this system. For example, it is possible to keep the amount of stock equal to s in a separate compartment, and when the main stock is used up, to immediately make an order. Precautions should be taken, however, in order to avoid obsolescence (Gopalakrishnan and Haleem 163). An example can be given to illustrate this system. For instance, a firm uses scrap metal for its manufacturing purposes. It is not easy to estimate exactly how much metal can be obtained from e.g., a ton of scrap metal; therefore, the optional replenishment system is used. Let s = 10 tons, S = 100 tons. If the firm reviews its inventory and finds that its warehouses contain approximately 27 tons of scrap metal, then 27>s, and no steps are taken. If, on the other hand, it is discovered that only 6 tons of scrap metal are left, then 6<s, and the company orders 94 tons of scrap metal, because of S=6+94 in this case. Base Stock Systems If a company operates in a number of locations, it might experience additional difficulties with the availability of materials in central storage. This is due to the fact that small changes in demand from the end receivers of materials can cause major changes in the central warehouse. In order to avoid some complications related to the control of multilocation systems, such a system of control as the base stock system was developed. According to the base stock system, it is necessary to satisfy the following conditions: (1) the data on demand coming from the end receivers of materials should be available to each of the decision-makers located at the stock points; (2) the replenishment of the stock points occurs not when there is a stock withdrawal, but when there is a certain level of end-item demand; besides, stock replenishment and demand are considered separately; (3) the base stock that should be kept at a location is calculated as a function of the stock at that location added to stock at all the subsequent locations (Lödding 285-288). Let us consider a simple example of the use of the base stock system. For instance, a central warehouse supplies a number of ramified networks (let us call them trees) of smaller warehouses with stock. Suddenly, the demand in most of the warehouses at the ends of the trees increases, but insignificantly. However, they use up all their stock, which eventually leads to the deficit of the stock in the central warehouse, for such a great increase in the total demand was not expected. In order to avoid such a situation in the future, the base stock system is implemented. Now, the central warehouse and all the intermediary warehouses are informed of the changes in demand at the final points immediately. Next time, when the demand changes, the intermediary warehouses and the central one react to this change at once, and each of them orders new stock to create a bigger reserve before it is drained by the subsequent warehouses. Works Cited Chen, Frank Y., Youyi Feng, and Jihong Ou. “Management of Inventory Replenishment and Available Offerings for Goods Sold With Optional Value-Added Packages.” IIE Transactions 37.5 (2005): 397-406. Business Source Complete . Web. Gopalakrishnan, P., and Abid Haleem. Handbook of Materials Management . 2nd ed. 2015. Delhi, India: PHI Learning Private Limited. Google Books . Web. Lödding, Hermann. Handbook of Manufacturing Control: Fundamentals, Description, Configuration . New York, NY: Springer Science & Business Media, 2013. Google Books . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Conflict Definition 2. Communication Behaviors 3. Effects of Communication Behaviors and Individual Differences 4. Recommendations 5. Conclusion 6. References Communication is transferring information from one person, a place, or a group to another, and it plays a vital role in organizations, families, and churches. A healthy and effective interaction strengthens the relationship of the people involved, and information is easily conveyed. Conflicts may arise among different individuals or communities; which various factors may cause. This paper will define conflict, describe how communication behaviors and personal dissimilarities lead to interpersonal conflict and provide recommendations for resolving misunderstandings. Conflict Definition Conflict is a disagreement between parties involved over values, interests, goals, or beliefs that people possess. According to other definitions, it is a conveyed struggle among inter-reliant parties due to a change of interests and perceptions. They denote a unique type of communicative and interactive setting at both intergroup and interpersonal stages. Many people become anxious or even tense when the element of conflict is mentioned. However, this is an utterly healthy, normal, and natural component of any relationship (Chen & Agrawal, 2017). Struggles arise between inter-reliant parties or individuals who depend on each other for a disagreement to occur. Interdependence exists where one person’s actions affect the well-being of the other party. If people are not dependent upon each other, it is not considered an interpersonal conflict even when there is disparity. Communication Behaviors Interpersonal conflicts may be expressed verbally or nonverbally, which surpasses the conveyance of messages which consist of abuse. They may be caused by frustration and stress, misunderstandings, lack of planning, poor communication, bad staff selection, among others. Verbal communication includes words, sounds, speech, and language, making it an effective way of expressing emotions. It may happen face-to-face, through a phone call, public address, among others. The message transferred orally should have a meaning, and the receiver should deduce the meaning of the information. The spoken report can lead to conflicts when the meaning is well conveyed, not clearly understood, or the transfer information’s significance is not visibly defined among the parties involved (Ihtiyar, 2017). Nonetheless, non-verbal communication uses body language to express a message that sends attitudes, thoughts, perceptions, and implications. They include gestures, facial expressions, body movement, posture, and eye contact. These behaviors lead to conflicts when they offend, confuse, or even undermine the report being transmitted. Effects of Communication Behaviors and Individual Differences Communication is the foundation of every interpersonal interaction, and it is crucial to a long-lasting and healthy relationship. Choice of words used to converse may cause interpersonal conflicts. Inappropriate spoken words may change the meaning of the entire message, and the other party may misinterpret the meaning and affect the relationship. For instance, raising the voice tone may lead to abuse and fighting, hence tampering with the individual relationship leading to skirmishes (Ihtiyar, 2017). Personal differences may include personalities, culture, perceptions, values, beliefs, and thoughts, contributing to interpersonal struggles. These dissimilarities cause communication and interaction breakdown because individuals have different feelings and views, leading to expressed scuffle among parties involved and relational conflict. Recommendations I would recommend the withdrawal method, which means avoiding the problem. It involves refusing to discuss the issue, withdrawing from conflict physically, shutting down entirely, brushing off the problem, and ignoring the other people involved. It can be useful when the struggles are intense; temporarily, avoidance can cool and collect oneself when emotions are high. Conclusion In conclusion, disagreements are part of human consciousness in all aspects of life, and they are unavoidable in daily activities. Conflict is a conveyed struggle over an alleged discordancy of values, interests, goals, or beliefs by inter-reliant parties. It denotes a unique type of communicative and interactive setting at both intergroup and interpersonal stages. The struggles are brought about by communication behaviors such as verbal and nonverbal interaction. References Chen, M., & Agrawal, S. (2017). Do communication barriers in student teams impede creative behavior in the long run? – A time-lagged perspective . Thinking Skills and Creativity , 26 , 154-167. Ihtiyar, A. (2017). A conceptual framework to explain the transition of intercultural communication conflict, social environment, and personality. Journal of Management, Economics and Industrial Organization , 37-50. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Different Types of Interview Presentation Definition of an interview An interview is a conversation between the interviewee and the interviewer where information is sort from the interviewee by the interviewer through a series of questions (The 8 Major Types of Interviews, para1, n.d). Types of interviews * The various types of interviews include, * Stress interview * Unstructured interview * Behavioral-Based interview * Telephone interview * Exit interview * Group interview * Panel interview * Structured interview (Hamilton & Parker, p 144, 2011) Stress interview * This is an interview that the company uses to evaluate and assess the interviewee on his/her capability to manage stress and pressure while carrying out his/her tasks in the company. * It entails situations such as constant interruption, weird silences and challenge interrogations designed to push one’s boundaries * The interviewer can be sarcastic or silent at times. In this case, the interviewee should sit quietly until the interviewee resumes with a question * One is advisable to be calm and avoid rushing to answers. * Therefore, as an interviewer, you should analyze and check the interviewee’s reaction during such situations. The company uses the information to evaluate the employees that best fits. * In this case, you can use such things as video recording machines in the interviewee room to record the physical reaction of the interviewee (Hamilton & Parker P 2011,1996). Unstructured interviews * This is a non –planned interview and therefore, it is more flexible. It is more like a friendly and non-threatening conversation * It allows researchers to focus on the respondent’s way of viewing things on different topics. Therefore, the design of questions should be critical enough to test the interviewee’s reasoning. Telephone interview * Interviewers carry out this interview before face to face interviewing. You should ensure that you get an advanced understanding of the applicant. * The information is useful as it can be use to determine the nature of questions to be prepared for face to face interview. * When making such calls, one should ensure that they are timely, brief and precise to the point (The 8 Major Types of Interviews, para 6, n.d). Exit interview * The company does this interview when an individual intends to leave or is leaving an organization. * It also aims at creating a good image between employees leaving and the company. This helps the company to make good human resources development policies. Therefore, as an interviewer, you should be welcoming for it to be effective and in order to achieve it s goals (What are Different Types of Interview?, para 5, n.d.). Group interview * It is designed to uncover the leadership and team working potential of the applicant more generally the managers. * Applicants should gather together and then a subject is introduced to discuss when all are ready to avoid any distractions. * It is goal is to see how applicants are able to interact with others and then use of reasoning in influencing others . * In addition, whoever to be the manager can be made the group leader. This will test his/her leadership qualities. Panel interview * It involves more than one (2 to 10) interviewer. * The interviewer aim to display an applicant’s group presentation and management skills. * The interviewer should be keen to assess the rate of adjustment of the interviewee to various situations. * In this case, an applicant should be alert maintain an eye to eye contact with various panel members. Structured interview * This is an interview where all preparations are made before hand. * It should be in a fixed format. * To make it more successive, all respondents are asked similar questions and in the same manner. * Respondent are expected to give their own feeling to various topics (The 8 Major Types of Interviews, Para 4, n.d.). Other tips to asses an applicants competence * Determine whether the applicant’s dress code is properly and decent, relevantly to the job he/she to take in the company. * Assess the punctuality of the applicant during the interview. * Once you are in the room asses patience of the interviewee by such things as waiting until you indicate where he/she should sit. * Ensure eye contact when asking questions to assess the applicant’s courage. * Ensure you are formal and portray body language during interviewing (What are Different Types of Interview?, para 3 n.d). References Hamilton, C., & Parker, C. (2011). Communicating for results: a guide for business and the professions (9nth ed.). Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth Pub. Co. Web. The 8 Major Types of Interviews – Careers and Worklif. (n.d.). Blogs – Times Union . Web. What are Different Types of Interview? 10 Interview Types. (n.d.). KALYAN CITY LIFE BLOG – KCL . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
There exist a unique connection between organizational arrangements and competition in the universal arena. An examination of the domestic potential of an organization to generate competitive gains has also been done. The solution to an effective global strategy lies in the suitable construction and supervision of an organizational universal value chain. Most often than not, divergent requirements of universal integration against regional reactions are scrutinized (Wit and Meyer, 2010). Online market auction has been the core competency of eBay. It specializes in initiating and recovering equipment that enhances information flow through the buyers and sellers a safe. eBay users engaging in assorted types of products are authorized to generate innovations base on the equipment provided. However, success has been attributed to various activities for instance technical know-how, reliability and improved rapport with client and supplier relationships. Besides, the company has further assured inventory and broadened the distinguished competencies for the products. eBay has helped businesses to link with other partners, therefore, selling products that would be less worth to them (Joyner, 2005 ). A firm with out-of-date products is most likely to sell them at a lower value as compared to a company that could sell the same products at a higher value on eBay, for instance, 70 cents to the dollar against 15 cents to the dollar. The value of eBay is very inclined. It offers the necessary infrastructures for trouble-free business. Even though major technologies are consolidated, it is necessary to carry out business in local exchange as demanded by the need to keep consignment of products within the locality. It has centralized expertise for international coordination and decentralized constructions for transportation currencies and regional languages. On the other hand, there is a needs that eBay use local words to illustrate merchandise. In effect, these massive subsidiaries have been built up for autonomous states. The majority of eBay’s value is virtual. Furthermore, the main objective is to generate virtual sites for trade. The idea behind eBay is to coordinate virtual contact among traders and their clients. The company has by no means dealt with any or part of the merchandise it sells. As earlier mentioned in this essay, eBay strives to raise a perfectly protected society through which consumers and buyers can trade in various physical commodities. eBay’s role in the process is basically to stimulate, preserve, and strengthen the virtual ties created by users that lead to the real exchange of goods. Each chain is based on the description of a company’s merchandise. eBay has allowed companies to operate globally with a lot of ease without necessarily having physical contacts with their clients (Perry, 2009). eBay’s basic strategy has remained the same in the previous ten years. However, changes have been observed in the degree to which the strategy is executed. This is attributed to the fact that eBay has a comprehensive existence within the major market and the United States. Furthermore, the company has expanded its functions to accommodate other nations. No considerable transformations have been observed on the company’s spirited gain and the measures are taken to establish and guard those gains. In contrast, eBay leads to the development of new global industries that helps in improving business (Trites et al, 2005). Local and universal growth is the core challenge experienced by eBay. This has been caused by the anxiety to react to regional settings by simplifying things for users while in their native countries and developing a centralized universal market. Therefore there exist need to invent various tools that would enable traders in one nation to easily access consumer in several other nations. This would include creating translation programs and polished payment structures that would enhance easy currency transactions between buyers and sellers. Another major challenge is working in a scenario of diverse government policies across nations. eBay has invested in setting regulations to its site for actions that breach regional policies and substituted with disclaimers and depend entirely on its traders to stand for regional policies. eBay will still have to deal with additional offensive matters (McGee, 2004). Mc Gee looks at one incident where a man infected with AIDS registered his remains, and another person attempted to auction fetus. Another person who was certainly not known presents a couple of hundreds of pounds for illegal drugs. Many clients on the other hand are unfamiliar with available delivery services neither do they understand the tracking systems (Kanfeld & Harver, 2005). The dynamic feature of technologies and policies has resulted in an increment of the international organizational environment which has also brought with it a better variety of industries and schemes. The prospective business arena is anticipated to be densely colonized by a diversity of organizations ranging from organizations that trade regionally and globally as well as organizations that trade in fewer as well as others that trade in more countries. Possible projections into the future are also federal firms alongside associations of firms. References 1. Joyner, A. (2005). The eBay Millionaire: Titanium Powersellers Secrets for Building a Big Online Businesses. John Willey and Sons Inc. Hoboken. New Jersey 2. Kanfeld, J. and Harvey, T. (2005). Developing eBay business for dummies. Willey Publishing Inc. Indianapolis, Indiana. 3. Mc Gee, K. (2004). Heads Up: How to Anticipate Business Surprises and Seize Opportunities first. Gartner Inc. USA. 4. Perry, B. (2009). CIMA Learning Systems Enterprise Operations . CIMA Publishers. Burlington, USA. 5. Trites, G., Boritz, J., & Pugshy, D. (2005). E-Business: A Canadian Perspective for a Networked World. Pearson Education, Canada. 6. Wit, B. & Meyer, R. (2010). Strategy: Process, Content, Context, An International Perspective. Cengage Learning. USA. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Examples of the case 3. Reflection 4. References Introduction It is estimated that thousands of persons bracketed in the ‘poor’ sector of society go to jail annually in the United States without having spoken to a lawyer (Parker). On the other hand, those who are rich can hire the best possible lawyers, who in turn can get their clients acquitted at any cost – always financial of course. There have been several high-profile cases in the recent past that lend substances to this observation. Examples of the case Singing sensation Michael Jackson was repeatedly accused of child molestation. Each time when it seemed that the singer would, at last, receive a stringent sentence, he used his vast wealth as a magic wand to wriggle free, paying his alleged victims huge sums to withdraw their accusations and refuse to testify against him. For example, Jackson paid a $ 2.4 million settlement to the son of a Neverland maid in 1990. In another case, he paid Jordan Chandler a $ 20 million settlement in 1993 (Spilbor). American National Football League star Ray Anthony ‘Ray’ Lewis was accused of murdering Jacinth Baker and Richard Lollar on January 31, 2001. Ray’s lawyer arranged with the prosecuting attorney to drop the murder accusation against his client and replace it instead with a minor misdemeanor charge. Ray was eventually sentenced to mere one-year probation, that too without surveillance and restriction. Ray went on to pay unrevealed amounts as settlement to the families of Lollar and Baker in April 2004, thus effectively preventing them from initiating any further litigation against him. A third example is the case of another American National Football League star – O.J. Simpson. At the end of high-profile legal proceedings that was highlighted by the media all over the world, Simpson’s lawyer Yale Galanter saw to it that his client was cleared of charges of murdering his ex-wife Nicole and her male companion Ron Goldman in 1994. Galanter was instrumental in getting Simpson’s case relegated to a civil court which declared him liable for the deaths of the two persons and ordered him to pay $ 38 million to the estate of Ron Goldman and $ 24.7 million to the Brown family of Nicole (International Herald Tribune). The perilous predicament of poor people in the U.S. unable to spend for their legal defense is best highlighted by the James Thomas case. Thomas was interned in the Louisiana penitentiary while waiting to undergo a formal trial for the 1996 murder of a Baton Rouge man – a crime Thomas insisted he was never guilty of. When his trial finally took place, the jurors acquitted him after just 80 minutes of deliberations. James Thomas walked away from a free man but at a terrible price – he had languished in prison for 10 years while waiting for a formal trial. The first 3 years were spent while authorities struggled to locate public defenders to try his case. The remaining years went by as one inexperienced lawyer after another put in futile efforts on his behalf (Parker). Reflection I can vouch for the sad plight of poor Americans entering the legal arena in our country. I recently visited the traffic court in my town to clear a traffic rule infringement charge. Being not financially well placed, I could not hire a lawyer to handle the matter. This proved to be a great drawback as the stern-faced judge threw the book at me and imposed the maximum fine possible. I left flabbergasted, not so much at the volume of the fine imposed on me, but at what I witnessed in the adjoining courtroom on my way out. I saw a slick lawyer clear his client of all charges in a matter of minutes. The experience convinced me that money talks injustice; money talks so well that justice meekly listens and manipulates the case to suit the requirements of the all-powerful money-wielding players. References “Family of Nicole Brown Simpson Seeks Share of O.J. Simpson Book Rights.” International Herald Tribune. 2007. Web. Parker, Laura. “ Acquitted Man: That’s 10 Years They Can Never Replace .” USA Today. 2007. “ Ray Lewis (American Football).” 2007. Spilbor, Jonna M. “ The Michael Jackson Case .” CNN.Com. 2005. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“The Lesson” by Tony Bambara Essay Table of Contents 1. Describing the source 2. Summary 3. Response 4. Works Cited Describing the source The short story, “ The Lesson,” by Tony Bambara is one of the many stories the author created about children growing in neighborhoods. The story was published in the year 1972. The short story reflects on the comprehension of fiscal inequity in American society during the 1960s through the observations of a young black girl. Summary The short story, “ The Lesson ,” is narrated by Silvia from a first person’s perspective. Silvia is a young black female who is growing up in unspecified location within Harlem ghetto. The narrator’s friends called Sugar, Mercedes, Q.T, Rosie, Fat Butt, Flyboy, and Rosie seem to pick on Miss Moore, who is the only female in the neighborhood with a college education. The friends are uneasy with Miss Moore and have very unkind feelings towards her during the entire school trip to Manhattan in a placed called FAO Schwartz (Bambara par. 2). The primary intention of Miss Moore is to expose the children to the outside world away from the everyday oppression and limited opportunities. The unappreciative school children are surprised that toys in FAO Schwartz are more expensive than their combined annual household incomes. The children cannot believe their eyes that a mere toy could be that expensive! The white children in FAO Schwartz own these expensive toys do not shy away from showing them off to the entourage accompanying Miss Moore. However, despite Miss Moore’s pure intentions of exposure, Sylvia and her friends’ reservations make them very contemptuous even to appreciate the good gesture. Instead, they make naughty plans on how to splurge the change from cab fee they swindled from Miss Moore. However, Sylvia changes her mind and departs from her friends’ plans to retreat and ponder about the occurrences of the trip (Bambara par. 3). Response In the eyes of the narrator and her friends, Miss Moore is an antagonist who is conspiring with their parents to prevent them from experiencing carefree fun. The intentions of Miss Moore are considered by the protagonists as mean, boring, and lifeless ways of denying them the chance to enjoy the summer break. In the actual sense, Miss Moore is an ally of Sylvia and her friends. She the force behind the need for raised consciousness among the minors to open up to the realities of social inequality. Instead of passing down abstract knowledge to the young minds, Miss Moore adopts a practical approach such as toy pricing and calculation of ten percent of the tip she offers them. Miss Moore may be considered triumphant since Sylvia, who was her hardest sell, ends up following this approach and thinks through her actions in the company of other friends (Bambara par. 5). The journey in a cab is significant in building dramatic tension among the characters which climax at the store where the eyes of the minors are opened to see the actual alienation effect. The Saucy words and informal narration enables the readers to see through and share the change experience that the children underwent. For instance, the sailboat toy which costs $ 1,000 invokes an acute awareness among the children about their fiscal deficits. Besides, the microscope in the story symbolizes the actions of Miss Moore to reveal the hidden blindness among the young learners about oppression in the Harlem ghetto. To drive the point home, Miss Moore makes the statement that “where we are is who we are” (Bambara par. 7). Works Cited Bambara, Tony. The Lesson . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Terminal Sedation and Physician-Assisted Suicide Term Paper The complexity of ethical issues in medical practice compels discussants and professionals to focus on evidence-based ideas whenever making specific decisions. This concern arises from the fact that many stakeholders are involved in every ethical decision-making making process in healthcare. The ultimate goal of every process is to safeguard the rights of the greatest majority. This introductory part gives a personal statement of reflection regarding terminal sedation and physician-assisted suicide (or euthanasia). Soh, Krishna, Sim, and Yee (2016) define “terminal sedation” as any form of treatment administered to dying patients to relieve symptoms such as agitation and pain. This practice, therefore, is not the moral equivalent of euthanasia. This is the case because euthanasia is usually known to result in death. There is also an ethical difference between the right to die with dignity and other rights related to freedom from state-inflicted pain, medical treatment, and personal dignity. Dying with dignity entails a natural process while every right related to personal dignity, state-inflicted pain, and medical treatment is a product of decision-making. Such rights are, therefore, left in the hands of patients, clinicians, or state officers. Ethical considerations should, therefore, foreclose the possibility of using pain medication to hasten or cause death. Stakeholders must make ethical and acceptable decisions. Terminal sedation has become a longstanding and acceptable clinical practice in palliative care. This is something informed by the nature of terminal illnesses such as cancer. Patients living their last days can be supported using this method. Mentally competent terminally ill adults should be allowed to make personal decisions regarding euthanasia. The decision is guided by the principles of beneficence and self-determination (Hammaker & Knadig, 2016). However, the fact that the average time from sedation to death is 2-4 days affects this right. This is the case because patients might not achieve the targeted outcome immediately. The procedure might result in suffering. The right to die and the traditional right to refuse life-saving medical treatment encompass the broader right to euthanasia. This is true because the final decision should be made by the patient. Unfortunately, there is a danger that the right to euthanasia and terminal sedation in terminally ill patients could be extended to the wider population during bioterrorist attacks and global pandemics. The occurrence of such attacks can result in a situation whereby many patients are wiped out using euthanasia. In the event of war or an emergency, decision-makers should strive to protect life instead of choosing euthanasia and terminal sedation (Hammaker & Knadig, 2016). Finally, this right should not be extended to situations whereby victims of a bioterrorist attack or a global pandemic are neither terminal nor in a persistent vegetative state. The approach will ensure that more lives are saved using evidence-based techniques. Decision-making procedures should be taken seriously whenever dealing with ethical concerns in healthcare such as euthanasia and terminal sedation. Using my decision-making model, I can successfully come up with the best ideas to advise my patients and colleagues. Societies should, therefore, make appropriate ethical decisions whenever addressing these questions affecting humankind. Statement of Reflection Practitioners must make desirable decisions whenever addressing their patients’ ethical concerns. The use of powerful decision-making models empowers professionals in medical practice to meet the needs of critically ill patients (Soh et al., 2016). This understanding has empowered me to come up with this personal statement of reflection: Throughout this course, I have acquired adequate concepts and ideas that have empowered me to make appropriate ethical judgments and decisions by principles such as autonomy, self-determination, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. References Hammaker, D. K., & Knadig, T. M. (2016). Health care ethics and the law . Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Soh, T. L., Krishna, L. K., Sim, S. W., & Yee, A. C. (2016). Distancing sedation in end-of-life care from physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia. Singapore Medical Journal, 57 (5), 220-227. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Quality Circles” Concept in the Organization Coursework The approach to implementing “quality circles” concept The first step of the implementation is to define the problem that is to be resolved. For instance, if the company’s workers lack productivity, the main problem to address is the management of human resources. After the central issue is identified, it is necessary to decide which employees to include. Each quality circle has to consist mainly of the employees who can have an impact on the issue or those affected by it (Syla & Rexhepi 2013). Also, it is necessary to include one person fro outside the department who would observe and evaluate the decision-making process (Syla & Rexhepi 2013). Once the members are gathered, I would present them with the central issue and explain the working model of a quality circle as defined by Rohilla and Chaudhary (2016). I would then ask them to work on the issue independently, as the management is only involved in the first stage of quality circle work, which is problem identification (Syla & Rexhepi 2013). “Quality circles” concept In our culture Quality circles are used by companies all over the world. It is a flexible method that can work in any cultural setting, as each quality circle consists of the members of the company and thus the people involved in the problem-solving process are part of the company’s and the country’s culture. Therefore, I believe that the concept of quality circles would be just as effective in our culture as in any other part of the world. Other approaches that might help in enhancing employee involvement in the organization Mathis (2013) outlines three effective strategies to promote employee involvement: affinity, affiliation, and autonomy. The first strategy is to provide employees with a cause to aspire to, which would fit into the company’s mission and vision. The second strategy is to ensure that employees feel their affiliation with the organization – for instance, by creating safety committees, observation activities, and promoting teamwork. Lastly, Mathis (2013) offers to provide a degree of autonomy to all workers. This can be achieved by allowing workers to create participation opportunities, propose company activities or strategies, and solve appropriate problems independently. Reference List Mathis, T 2013, ‘ Three strategies for employee engagement ’, Industry Week . Web. Rohilla, S & Chaudhary, R 2016, ‘Quality circle in organization and its implementation’, International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology , vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 887-889. Web. Syla, S & Rexhepi, G 2013, ‘Quality circles: what do they mean and how to implement them?’, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences , vol. 3, no. 12, pp. 243-251. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Culture of Modern Greece Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Culture of Modern Greece 3. Conclusion 4. Reference Introduction Modern day Greek culture is extremely rich and quite diverse at the same time. This is mainly because of its geographic location that places the country between the West and the East. Historically, the Greek culture has greatly evolved to what it is today. The rich Greek culture is well expressed in different ways including drama, architecture, science, and philosophy. This paper discusses the culture of modern Greece. Specifically, it considers religion, food and drinks, celebrations, and traditions. The Culture of Modern Greece The Orthodox Church in Greece is very important in the history of the Greek people. As a matter of fact, the most important celebrations in Greece are those associated with religion. The Greek Church plays a vital role in shaping the political environment in Greece. In addition, the Church is central to the management of government and civilian affairs. The influence of religion is also witnessed in the education sector (Novinite, 2010). All children in both public and private schools are expected by law to pursue compulsory religious education. Despite the fact that most young people are not keen about attending church meetings, they still turn to religion for important rituals such as wedding ceremonies and funerals. Family units in modern day Greece are as strong as they were in the olden days. Similar to other cultures in the world, the word family is used to refer to a group of people who are either related by blood or marriage (Novinite, 2010). While family life has changed over the years, women and especially mothers in Greece occupy a very important position in the family. Men on the other hand are expected by the society to effectively represent families outside. The people of Greece are known for preparing quality and tasty food and drinks. As part of their culture, the Greek people often share food and drinks with friends as well as relatives. Traditionally, Greek food is made using ingredients such as garlic, apples, and onions. Alcoholic drinks in Greece are viewed as the country’s trade mark. As explained elsewhere, a number of celebrations and traditions are associated with religion. However, there are some that portray the lifestyle of pagans. Drawing from the study by Novinite (2010), Easter is the most important celebration in Greece. More often than not, Easter celebrations in Greece are quite elaborate. Marriage celebrations are equally important. Traditionally, it is the bride’s family that is expected to give dowry to the groom’s family. During weddings, it is the responsibility of the best couple to present wedding rings to the presiding minister. After the ceremony, the new couple is free to leave for honeymoon. The day of baptism is also very important in the life of any Greek citizen associated with the Greek Orthodox Church. Ordinarily, this takes place during the first year of one’s birth. Among other things, baptism involves undressing a child and wrapping him or her using a white towel. The baptism water is then blessed by the priest before the actual baptism event can be done in the presence of many witnesses. Apart from being very religious, the people of Greece are also known to be superstitious. However, these superstitions tend to vary from one region to another. Superstitious claims include cases of the evil eye, giving a knife to someone, and spitting. It is presumed that when one person gives a knife to another, a fight is likely to occur. There is also a very strong belief that spitting is a useful strategy for chasing away an evil spirit. Conclusion By and large, the Greek culture is quite unique. Interaction between Greece and neighboring countries has also helped to enrich the country’s culture. In spite of the contact with other countries, the people of Greece have done everything possible to preserve their culture to this day. Reference Novinite. (2010). Greek Culture and Traditions – Where the West Meets the East . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Nursing Impacts the Community One Child at a Time Report (Assessment) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction The role of a nurse in community health settings in the context of modern US healthcare is difficult to estimate appropriately due to the variety of their development patterns. The major part of public healthcare in the country is dedicated to educational establishments such as schools and kindergartens because children are one of the most vulnerable social groups in terms of infections development. Thus, school nurses are, by all means, crucial for the public health state in the country, as they are responsible for the well-being of hundreds of kids attending schools. Since the first school nurse appointment in 1902, their role has shifted from promoting student attendance to actual medical surveillance (Holmes et al., 2016). The purpose of this paper is to define and evaluate the current school nurses’ position in the community healthcare system on the example of Ronald Reagan Academy in Elizabeth, New Jersey. Main body To begin with, Ronald Reagan Academy is a public middle school located in Elizabeth, New Jersey, that constitutes approximately 750 students. Speaking of school infirmary, the setting consists of a school physician and a full-time school nurse. Such a system is common for an average US public school, and it is a typical representation of a public health establishment. The primary target of the set is to ensure safety for the kids’ health environment in the school while the care focus is the well-being of the students. Disease prevention as a main concept behind the school infirmary is divided between the doctor and the nurse. Thus, the physician is responsible for tertiary prevention or the process of treatment. The nurse in such a system takes care of both primary and secondary prevention, which means preventative measures and students’ screening. The conversation with the school nurse has shown that they have a lot of responsibilities, even if they are not supposed to provide direct treatment for the students. Her major and the most complex duty is to ensure that all the preventative measures are considered in order for children not to be infected. Otherwise, if the medical regulations are not followed, the entire facility is at risk of an epidemic. Another important nurse responsibility is to schedule students’ screening to make sure that all of them are healthy and are not infection carriers. Speaking of the educational requirements, which are generally equal for all the educational establishments, the nurse at the Reagan Academy holds an Associate’s degree. Before applying for the position of the school nurse, she had been working at a state hospital for a year. Such an experience is quite helpful as she often has to make decisions on the spot without the ability to consult the doctor. Speaking of the nurses’ necessary skills, besides professional excellence, which should be default for any medic, the nurses should also have communicative and quick-thinking skills. With these characteristics, nurses will know how to talk to children and make quick but right decisions. However, as public school is a governmental institution, there is almost no autonomy for medical representatives in the establishment. The negative aspects of working as a school nurse are usually connected with financial support from the government. Although governors and scholars claim that the health of the young generation should be of great importance, they still do not pay enough attention to the issue (Maughan et al., 2018). A higher amount of financial investments to the public schools’ healthcare facilities would make a significant change in terms of disease prevention among the youth. Conclusion Taking into consideration the experience of communication with the school nurse and the overall surveillance of the public health setting, I was surprised by her dedication to the school and students. Moreover, such commitment becomes even more fascinating in the context of governmental support for both salaries and setting improvement. Thus, public health settings in educational establishments need more attention and recognition due to the fact that they concern one of the most vulnerable social groups. References Holmes, B. W., Allison, M., Ancona, R., Attisha, E., Beers, N., De Pinto, C.,… Young, T. (2016). Role of the school nurse in providing school health services. Pediatrics , 137 (6), [e20160852]. Web. Maughan, E. D., Cowell, J., Engelke, M. K., McCarthy, A. M., Bergren, M. D., Murphy, M. K., … Vessey, J. A. (2018). The vital role of school nurses in ensuring the health of our nation’s youth. Nursing Outlook, 66 (1), 94-96. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Boot Camp for Juveniles Analytical Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Discussion 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Boot camp, “frequently called shock or intensive incarceration…are designed to be an alternative to probation or to prison” (Wilson, MacKenzie, & Mitchell, 2008). According to Jones (2012), the first juvenile boot camp was established in the 1980s to take quick action on juveniles with “diversion ideology”. These camps handle first time offenders who can reform after undergoing various military drills and instant physical punishments. Juvenile boot camps are designed to give juveniles the “tough love” approach through the use of strict disciplinary measures and limitations on freedoms or privileges…” (Childs, 2007). Tough and brutal military drills in boot camps aim at reforming juveniles by instilling discipline. Discussion The video portrays boot camp officers’ meting brutal drills and physical exercises to punish juveniles for their offences. The officers force juveniles to engage in various exercises which seem extreme for their bodies to handle. In the video, one minor seems too exhausted to do push-ups, yet an officer continues to shout instructions at him. As the video progressed, some of the juveniles share their experiences how boot camps have transformed their characters to the extent of going to school without supervision. Most boot camps admit students who commit minor offences such as: tagging, skipping school, indiscipline, felony of assault with deadly weapon, gang involvement and prostitution. All the students admitted at these camps are first time offenders. In juvenile boot camps, “less emphasis is placed on hard labor… but apt to provide juveniles with academic education… undertake rigorous in-take procedures, shaved heads, drill and ceremony, physical training, immediate physical punishment for misbehavior (e.g., push-ups), and graduation ceremonies” (Wilson et al., 2008). Most of the students interviewed in the video believe boot camps made them understand their mistakes and were able to correct them. They can now look for jobs, respect their parents and go to school without supervision. For this program to succeed, parents have to attend training every Saturday to learn, share experiences and check the progress made by their children. They also learn ways of creating conducive environment to make their children become responsible. Most juvenile camps tailor their programs to suit the offences. “Some camps emphasize therapeutic programming; others focus on discipline and rigorous physical training” (Wilson et al., 2008). In the video, the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) boot camp conducts its activities from 8 am to 3 pm for 12 consecutive Saturdays. In the first four weeks, the officers’ conduct drills that break the students emotionally and mentally. After the fourth week, the officers start to build their self-esteem, self-respect and respect to parents. Officer Joseph Marrone of the LAPD boot camp claims their program has a 75% success rate. Advocates project that juvenile camps help reduce criminal activities in the neighborhood while critics try to argue the ineffectiveness of these camps in recidivism reduction. Research conducted by Wilson et al., (2008) concluded that “boot camps are neither as good as the advocates expect nor as bad as the critics hypothesize” (Wilson et al., 2008). Over the years, the program has become popular with the public, but has not changed criminal statistics. In 2006, Florida enacted a law “that abolishes boot camps and replaces them with academies that rely more on education and after care, and are limited in their use of force…” (Vasilinda, 2006). This legislation “is named after 14-year-old Martin Lee Anderson, the Panama City boy who suffocated to death after drill instructors stuck ammonia tablets up his nose” (Vasilinda, 2006). This tragic incident highlights the dangers of boot camps and the extent officers push the juveniles to complete exercises. Most officers train to handle adults making it practically impossible for them to know the limit when handling a juvenile. Officers should restrain using force when a juvenile threatens to hit him or his peers. Instead, they should immediately call the police whenever such problems occur. This problem is bound to happen again unless boot camp officers train on ways to handle juveniles. Research has shown that some juveniles continue with their “divisive ideologies” after attending boot camps. For some, they do not properly adjust to community supervision such as pursuing jobs and education. For others, they continue with antisocial attitudes they develop in boot camps. These characteristics occur as a result of rigorous military drills and physical exercise administered by boot camp officers instead of therapy to find the problem. Parents play a role in ensuring that their children reform. Parents attend classes in boot camps to help them understand the need for creating conducive environment for their children. Conclusion Juvenile boot camps offer perfect setting on which a student learns how to respect the authority and themselves. In my opinion, most juveniles are too young to withstand the strain from the exercises in boot camps. These camps are suitable for juveniles who commit offences like assault with deadly weapons and gang involvement. The street toughens these students, creating emotional and mental walls. Rigorous drills in juvenile boot camps are required to break these walls. These camps should create other therapy programs which will deal with minor offences like skipping schools or prostitution. References Childs, C. (2007). Boot Camp for Juveniles. Web. Jones, J. (2012). A Multi-State Analysis of Correctional Boot Camp Outcomes: Identifying Vocational Rehabilitation as a Complement to Shock Incarceration . Web. Vasilinda, M. (2006). Boot Camp Abolished in Florida. Web. Wilson, D., MacKenzie, D., Mitchell, F. (2008). Effects of Correctional Boot Camps on Offending . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. About American Dream 3. Franklin and Douglass Perception of dreams 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Introduction Dreams have always played a fundamental role in people’s life as it is characterized by a driving force that pushes one to achieve the end results. Ideally, life can be rather meaningless without dreams because there is always a need to improve a livelihood. Unfortunately, there are some people who have never realized the importance of having their own dreams. In America, the issue of dreams did not start yesterday because it has existed ever since the country was a colony. The American dream dates back to the past years when they focused on land which would benefit everyone. Founding fathers in the country mainly concentrated on achieving a land that would provide an opportunity for every American. The objective of this paper, therefore, is to discuss the topic of the American dream and how both Franklin and Douglass, each exemplify this dream. The paper also addresses the potential for its attainment in Eighteenth, and then Nineteenth-Century American life and culture. About American Dream The American dream can be traced back to the years around 1600 when people had inspirations and expectations. Most of their dreams were based on acquiring land and venturing into innovative activities that would generate income for them (Franklin 117). Notably, this American dream still exists although it has taken diverse dimensions among citizens of the country. Unlike the old days, Americans have developed new and more inspiring dreams that they aim to achieve. The journey of achieving dreams has never been easy as it calls for hard work and determination. People have different ideologies about the American Dream as there are those who believe its all about living successful and happy lives. To some people, The American dream is all about living better than how the earlier generation lived (Franklin 125). Thus they believe that today’s dreams should be geared towards successful life that was not achieved by one’s parents. Although people have varied dreams, the underlying factor is whether the dream is really achieved. In other words, it would be needless to talk about dreams that can not be achieved. The important factor is to achieve a dream whereby a person can be perceived as living the dream. Other critics suggest that attaining the American dream may not be easy mainly because the country has quite a number of inequalities. For instance, they argue that it is in America where there is a racist social class that may prevent people from achieving their goals (Douglass 34). Franklin and Douglass Perception of dreams In his autobiography, Franklin discusses the American dream and how he managed to achieve his goals (Franklin 82). Initially, Franklin was a slave but this did not last forever since he set up dreams that elevated him from his previous way of life. According to Franklin, the American dream meant that everyone had the right to acquire knowledge freely and get equal education (Franklin 28). The author believed that the American dream was free from discrimination even within the class differences. During the colonial period, the dream was also perceived as having educational institutions that created more funding for learning purposes. Franklin was successful in attaining his dreams because he was able to express his thoughts and beliefs in his autobiography. His autobiography was about the American dream that was based on writing and literacy. Through his dream, people were able to express and represent themselves freely. In the eighteenth century, the American dream was fueled by the need for expansion. This dream could only be achieved through hard work and determination (Franklin 124). Douglass on the other hand was a liberated slave who was working for different masters before fulfilling his dreams. One unique characteristic about Douglass is that he always changed his name whenever he went to work for another master (Douglass 48). Thus he did not stick to one name but kept on replacing new names until he eventually maintained his current name. Douglass’s dream was based on attaining freedom which could be achieved by acquiring education (Douglass 74). The author’s dream revolved around the ideology of inter-dependence and the spirit of brotherhood. Fundamentally, Douglass had a dream of abolishing slavery by seeking freedom, equal rights, and social rights. Although Douglass achieved his dreams, it was not that easy because he had to face many challenges (Douglass 80). Conclusion Ultimately, the American dream is an issue that has always existed and most probably will never end. Thus, people will continue having dreams that normally vary from one person to the other. In their writings, Franklin and Douglas have expressed their dreams and how they achieved them. Similarly, both authors believe that dreams must be acquired through hard work. This is mirrored in the way they struggled to achieve their end results without giving up. Works Cited Douglass, Fredrick. Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass. Boston. Biblioabazaar, LLC. Print. 2010. Web. Franklin, Benjamin. “The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin.” Charles W Eliot Ltd P F Collier & Son Company: NY. Nov. 2008. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Rumelt’s Criteria for Strategy Evaluation Essay Strategy evaluation is simply an assessment or appraisal of organizational performance, but using it does not guarantee that the strategy will work. Richard Rumelt offers four criteria in strategy evaluation, namely “consistency, consonance, feasibility, and advantage” (David, 2011, p. 288), two of which are discussed below. Consistency, in Rumelt’s criteria, states that a strategy must not have conflicting goals and objectives. Conflict within the organization reflects a problem in management but can also refer to strategic inconsistency. We can say that there is strategic inconsistency if: the problem remains even though some personnel, who may have caused the problem, have been changed; some successes are attributed to one department and failure for another equal department; and, top management continues to have a hand in solving problems at the lower level (Chang & Singh, 2000). Another of Rumelt’s criteria is “consonance,” which emphasizes the importance of examining “sets of trends,” in relation to “individual trends” (David, 2011, p. 291). A strategy symbolizes an adjustment to an external stimulus or changes in the environment. The challenge of this sort of strategy formulation is that most trends are results of other trends. David (2011) gave an example about the popularity of day-care centers, which came out because of new developments, like the need for quality education, and the need of women to be a major part of the workforce. References Chang, S. & Singh, H. (2000). Corporate and industry effects on business unit competitive position. Strategic Management Journal, 21 (1), 739-752. Web. David, F. (2011). Strategic management: Concepts and cases (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Patient Autonomy and Ethics Throughout Life Research Paper Patient Autonomy and Ethics at the Beginning of life Variables that impact pregnant woman’s autonomy related to abortion and the types of interventions for conception The abortion debate has split the social fabric into pro-life and pro-choice activists. The issues regarding the financial situation, medical condition, and society’s stigmatization of pregnancy out of wedlock are among the key variables of women’s autonomy that effectively deny women the right to autonomously decide their own fates regarding abortion without drawing public interest (Abortion Review, 2010; Hewson, 2001). Therefore, in this regard, types of interventions that exist as options for conception include activism that advocates for policy formulation that allows women to take care of their own health issues regarding abortion and child bearing. Another intervention concept regards provision for women to access professional abortion services when clinically determined that such provisions could be life-saving (Abortion Review, 2010). Patient Autonomy and Ethics in Childhood and Adolescence Plastic surgery among adolescent patients Adolescents’ cosmetic surgery is not a new practice. However, it has recently been a topical subject in the media. There are concerns regarding the ethical acceptability of this procedure. The most important sources of information for adolescents contemplating cosmetic surgery are television and magazines—the media projects instant solutions that may distort facts and express unrealistic expectations. In as much as parents’ consent must be sought before a surgery is scheduled, the ultimate choice lies with the adolescent (Bermant, 2005). However, it is appropriate to mention that such a procedure like this that does not have a lot of flexibility when it comes to reversibility has to be approached with caution and care. Patient Autonomy and Ethics in End-of-Life Care Making decisions about chronic care and end-of-life care Several issues impair the decision of practitioners regarding end-of-life care. These include; misconception of legal and ethical implications of the treatment and unfamiliarity with practical ways to apply the practice. The nurse must prepare and implement a plan through consultations with the family. Many states consider it legal to withhold or withdraw health care to end-of-life care patients provided due process followed (Arenella et al., 2010). Being that this care is usually challenging given the transitional hardship, pain, and desperation that at times characterize it, appropriate training is imperative for all who see to engage in it. References Abortion Review. (2010). Motherhood, abortion and parenting culture . Web. Arenella, C., Yox, S., Eckstein, D.S., & Ousley, A. (2010). Expanding the reach of a cancer palliative care curriculum through Web-based dissemination: public-private collaboration. The Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Education , 25(3), 418-21. Bermant, M. (2005). Ethics of Cosmetic Plastic Surgery in Adolescents. Virtual Mentor , 7(3). Web. Hewson, B. (2001). Reproductive autonomy and the ethics of abortion . Journal of Medical Ethics , 27(2). Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao” by Junot Díaz Essay (Book Review) Table of Contents 1. The Short Summery of the Novel Under Consideration 2. The Primary Themes of the Book 3. The ASuthor’s Style 4. Critical Reflections 5. Works Cited The Short Summery of the Novel Under Consideration The novel “The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao” written by Junot Díaz can be acclaimed as one of the best modern day novels depicting people’s lifestyles and social and political developments in the ever changing reality of nowadays. Within the book the audience will find a coherent and cohesive depiction of a humorous portrait of a Dominican nerd and his meditation on private and public historical account and familial history. In the following paper, this novel will be addressed in terms of its connection to the valuable information concerning private and public life and history of Latin America studied by us during the classes. Generally, the book can be evaluated as a fine piece on history and people’s life in Latin America and the United States, and providing sustainable data, deep investigations, thought-provoking ideas and an interesting layout. The Primary Themes of the Book The book begins with the fukú. This is “generally a curse or a doom of some kind; specifically the Curse and the Doom of the New World” (Diaz 84). Then the author relates the events of those days impartially showing all the difficulties that the family of Dominican immigrants has to face in the United Sates. After this, the author shifts to relating Oscar de Leon and his sister Lola’s personal accounts. The book ends up by relating the events leading to the death of its main character along with the reaction of the other personages to it. Discussing the events addressed in the book under consideration, it should be stated that they are addressed in a way easy for understanding and evaluating their results for the future of the country and the region as a whole. Through the pages of the book it becomes clear that the life of immigrants from Latin America is full of disappointments and hurts in the United States along with a row of sad injustices and discrimination (Winn 91). The author presents a well-developed story-telling and sort of a concealed argument on how exactly historical and political matters were involved into the process of immigrants’ adaptation in the United States. The ASuthor’s Style With regards to the author’s style, it should be said that it is rather interesting and easy for comprehension and perception. The strength of his style is in the ability to make every reader interested and involved into the process of reading. The book is developed in a way which helps to feel oneself a part of the events of those days, to “listen” to the dialogues of its characters and to feel the real atmosphere existing in New Jersey during those days. Through the pages of the book it becomes clear that certain social conflicts and contradictions were hardly to be avoided and were also critical for changing some mistaken practices and unfair orders within the country. In addition, the book presents a thorough research with reliable and trustworthy information put into it in the footnotes on the way these conflicts involved all the social layers of the American society and how they affected it. There is also a significant piece of information on the economical background of these conflicts. The author presents a well-developed argument on how exactly economical matters were involved into the process of the country’s democratization. The book is developed in a single narrative voice of its main character Yunior which is so convenient for its understanding. Such welcoming and easy for comprehension narrative style gives a feeling that you are having a friendly conversation with some interesting person rather than studying a difficult material on serious historical matters. Critical Reflections Reflecting on the information related by Diaz in his book, I would say that it is well structured and easy to accept. The book can be read really fast, and provides its audience with considerable facts and numerous interesting details. I especially enjoyed the parts describing the events related to the efforts by the main character to integrate into the new society. The primary purpose of this book seems to make the audience interested in the history of immigration form Latin America into the United States, to encourage them to lean some important lessons and to make their conclusions as to the important social matters which are connected to the lives of American citizens. As a final point, the book “The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao” written by Junot Díaz can be described as successful and efficient work on the history of immigration the United States form Latin America which fully accomplishes its goal to encourage the audience to think about the important social issues related to this process. The book features a simple for understanding, logical, coherent and chronologically organized lay out which makes it really convenient for understanding of its ideas. Reading this book has gotten me into thinking about the difficulties that immigrants must face and change some of my attitudes towards them. In particular, I learnt how to respect them for their strength in their efforts to adapt to the new society along with its culture and lifestyle. Works Cited Diaz, Junot. The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, The United States: Riverhead Hardcover, 2007. Print. Winn, Peter. Americas: The Changing Face of Latin America and the Caribbean , 3rd ed, The United States: University of California Press, 2006. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Islamic Concepts of Humiliation Expository Essay Humiliation is a sensitive issue in many Islamic societies because it influences how Muslims relate with the people who have different religious beliefs. Many Muslims are very sensitive to any action they consider humiliating to their religion and dignity. Any violation of this dignity provokes feelings of retaliation against people or societies perceived to be enemies of Islam and its teachings. The issue of humiliation is strongly related to gender because religious teachings have a big influence on cultural practices, which many Muslims observe (“Islamism Humiliation” 2). Both men and women living in Islamic communities are expected to observe these norms to fulfill their religious obligations. This paper will discuss the role gender plays in entrenching Islamic concepts of humiliation across the world. Many Islamic societies value the role women play in their progress. The female gender is regarded as a valued treasure, which needs to be protected from any form of shame and humiliation. In many Islamic societies, any act of humiliation is taken as an insult on the ability men to protect their community. Masculinity is valued in Islamic religious teachings because it is believed that men help protect Islam and its believers from unwanted foreign influences (Moisi 10). Muslims believe that masculine power deters people of other faiths from humiliating Islamic communities and people who live there. In many Islamic societies, humiliation is taken as an affront to their men as it is compromises their ability to protect the dignity of their faith and its believers (“Islamism Humiliation” 12). Any act of humiliation is considered as a desecration of Islamic lands, likely to expose people living there to corrupt and immoral foreign influences. Men living in Islamic societies feel motivated to revenge against perceived perpetrators of humiliating acts, which their societies go through. The concept of masculinity in Islamic societies mandates men to do all they can to maintain the dignity of their communities. They are required to protect women and children from any harm that may violate their dignity. Therefore, they are required to restore the dignity of their communities by retaliating against those who, they consider, have humiliated them (“Islamism Humiliation” 14). Retaliatory humiliation is a practice that is deeply entrenched because it shows men living in Islamic societies as courageous and honorable. They believe they are backed by God’s spiritual guidance, which enables them to easily vanquish their perceived enemies (Hafez 103). Retaliatory humiliation is used to make ‘enemies’ of Islam learn the wrath that awaits them if they dare offend Islamic believers and their communities. Female chastity is highly valued in Islamic societies and any violation of a woman’s dignity provokes feelings of resentment and shame. Women are considered weak and vulnerable and need to be protected from any physical or psychological harm (Patai 78). Humiliation violating a woman’s purity can only be restored through retaliation. This makes the male members of the society, in which such an event may happen, feel ashamed and powerless. They are mandated to restore this dignity by retaliating against people or organizations that humiliate Muslims. The rhetoric of humiliation in Islamic societies is used by women to show support for the male members of their society as they retaliate against perceived enemies of Islam. In the case of the Quran burning incident in Afghanistan, rhetoric humiliation was used to denounce activities of US soldiers who destroyed Holy Scriptures. This portrayed insensitivity shown by US soldiers and alienated them from this society. Works Cited Hafez, Muhammad M. “Martyrdom Mythology in Iraq: How Jihadists Frame Suicide terrorism in Videos and Biographies.” Terrorism and Political Violence, 19 (2007): 95-115. Print. “Islamism, Humiliation and the Political Mobilization of Masculinity.” Euben Essay (2013): 1-45. Print. Moisi, Dominique. “The Clash of Emotions: Fear, Humiliation, Hope and the New World Order.” Foreign Affairs, 86.1(2007): 8-12. Print. Patai, Raphael. The Arab Mind . Tucson: Recovery Resources Press, 2007. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Active listening and its benefits Essay (Article) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Process of active listening 3. Benefits of active listening in the workplace 4. References Introduction How we communicate in the workplace affects the level of performance in any environment. Listening is part of the communication process, and it involves attention to both verbal and non-verbal communication (Goad, 2002). There are four types of listening, content, critical, emphatic and active. Active listening involves establishing what the person speaking is saying through words and body language. Eye contact, posture and gesture should be highly considered in active listening to comprehend fully what the person is saying (Goad, 2002). Process of active listening Good listening requires the listener to follow the following active process to fully synthesis what is been said; The first step involves listening and understanding to acquire full meaning of the information. Remove all distractions to give the speaker full attention, this involves closing the door, switching off the TV or radio and cell phones (Perkins, 2008). Try to also read the non-verbal communication such as facial expression, hand gestures and sitting position. Allow internalization and try to focus on the speaker while taking down notes (Perkins, 2008). The second process involves empathizing, which involves understanding the issue from the speaker’s perspective (Perkins, 2008). The listener on a one on one basis should try and look at the issue from the speaker’s angle while placing emotions on hold. A patient for example explaining severe pain in several parts, the doctor should emphasize to gain full knowledge of the pain. The third process involves asking questions and encouraging the speaker by offering feedback (Perkins, 2008). A good listener should avoid being biased and stereotyping because this prevents good communication. One after listening should increase the level of understanding by asking questions about the key issue. Questions allow the listener to compile relevant information that they did not acquire before. The last process involves paraphrasing, a skill that requires the listener to interpret what the speaker said in his or her own words (Perkins, 2008). The listener paraphrases to ensure that what the speaker said is what the listener understood. This prevents miscommunication between the listener and the speaker. Always find an interesting point to pick from in a dull but important conversation. Benefits of active listening in the workplace The process of active listening tests the understanding of the key issue, it encourages healthcare workers to clarify and absorb more on the issue at hand. It facilitates communication by helping the healthcare worker comprehend, retain and respond to what is been said by patients. It prevents and untangles the chance of the listener coming up with wrong interpretations and unclear meaning. The process allows the listener to have full benefit of absorbing the critical message relayed (Goad, 2002). The process involves having the speaker ask questions and providing feedback to the speaker. This allows the listener to get more information out of the patient and also helps the patient see things in other point of views (Goad, 2002). Lastly it assist healthcare workers establish further discussions based on what the patient has provided the listener. References Goad, T. W. (2002). Information literacy and workplace performance. New York, Greenwood publishing group. Perkins, P. S. (2008). The art of communication and science if communication: Tools for effective communication . New Jersey, John Wiley & sons Inc. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Techniques for Influencing Criminal Justice System Change Essay Table of Contents 1. Problems and Issues 2. Administrative Techniques to Improve Criminal Justice System 3. Reference Problems and Issues Criminal justice system is a critical section of the American structure. Police departments of various states are experiencing a notable change. Police departments and its functions, chain of commands, and administrative strategies are becoming gradually more equal to that of other security agencies and institutions. However, there are certain problems and issues found in criminal justice sectors, which include corruption and brutality incidences that have harshly stained the people’s trust in the police. Due to this, law enforcement administrators are undergoing major challenges of reforming the police departments and criminal justice system in general. The criminal justice system is a big and an extensive section of the legislative and judicial limbs of the United States. Overcrowding is among the main issues experienced in the criminal courts currently. The competence of the court system worsens as the courts collapse, as well as the condition of the buildings has created the security complicated. Another problem is the issue of public access to the court proceedings since the media sections are requesting the courts to allow live coverage of court proceedings. They assert that the citizens have a right to follow the proceedings and that limited seating during trials should not be an issue since the media should televise the proceedings to the people in homes. However, opponents assert that the existence of media will alter the actions of the witnesses and court officers in approaches that have an impact on the fairness of the trial (Neubauer & Fradella, 2010, p. 165). Currently, the racial issues among the inmates have greatly brought about extensive social problems that correctional agencies and employees are regularly being requested to attend to. Other problems and issues such as inadequate training, insufficient skills on advanced technology, obligatory overtime, overcrowding, gang actions, and violence inside the institutions are the main issues that cause work-related pressures and stress among the correctional workers. The current correctional settings affect both the correctional officers and inmates. Administrative Techniques to Improve Criminal Justice System Criminal justice system requires more improvements to enhance its operations and outcome. The system should permit for transformation, not just rehabilitation to the inmates. Another major strategy to improve criminal justice system is to give enough incentives to prosecutors to redirect people with mental disorders outside the jail section. They should bear in mind exceptional appeals, and deferred prosecution accords to the level that diversion finances and management is obtainable. The duties of a police officer should be redefined with the contribution from the society. The focus on police officers to gain compliance should be substituted with a focus on working jointly with the community to unravel criminal behaviors and issues. The employment requirement and recruitment procedures for criminal justice employees should be revised to go with the current roles. They should be trained on how to mediate disputes and address problems rather than focus on physical roles (Neubauer & Fradella, 2010, p. 165). Training of criminal justice staff should be advanced in a way that it will include the community, and adult training skills should substitute boot camp techniques. Criminal justice sectors should raise the diversity of workers in an attempt to have more knowledge about the issues of minority sections in the society. The appropriate administrators should take direct and proper punitive activities against officers who misuse their authority or who cover-up for other colleagues’ severe misbehavior. Reference Neubauer, D., & Fradella, H. (2010). America’s Courts and the Criminal Justice System. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
News Accounts of the 1996 Everest Disaster Essay (Critical Writing) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction The 1996 Everest disaster was about mountain climbers who did not come back from their trip to the peak of Everest. There were various expeditions that had a tragic ending, including professional climbers, such as Scott Fischer, who was leading a group of 11 amateur climbers, and Rob Hall, with his highly experienced group (History). The case of the 1996 Everest disaster shows the influential nature of leadership decisions on a larger group of people. Main body News accounts of the events in 1996 challenged the leadership abilities of Rob Hall and Scott Fischer. They were condemned for following their cognitive biases and having some interpersonal conflicts (Newlands). A leader’s actions in a stressful situation are critical as they determine the future outcomes of an operation. Therefore, an individual who is leading a team should act as a third party and be cold-minded in his decisions. The most evident bias that was mentioned by journalists is overconfidence bias (Newlands). This bias is common among high-achieving individuals who are prone to succeed in their actions. Hall was a leading man for more than 30 people prior to his last expedition, and he has reached the peak of Everest several times. For him, such an expedition was an ordinary thing, and he could never imagine that something would go wrong. Hall was blinded by his confidence, causing the emergence of an overconfidence bias. It is crucial to understand that leaders must avoid such biases in order to ensure the safety of their team, particularly in cases that may cause a threat to the lives of people. Post-disaster media highlights how leaders could mitigate the situation and prevent the loss of people. Journalists and experts agreed that if both Hall and Fischer relied on their experience rather than on existing information and evidence, they would have saved their groups. Yet, they were again trapped by a cognitive bias called the recency effect. This effect develops from approaching what is evidence and making decisions solely on existing information (High-Stake Decision Making). There was an incorrect assumption by both Hall and Fischer that the weather would be calm and convenient to climb. Due to this, the groups were misled to follow their leaders without any doubt. Hall and Fischer relied heavily on what they saw instead of researching for additional information and evidence. As such, leaders should be careful with their knowledge and always look for updated information when deciding what to do. Hall and Fischer were convinced that they were well-resourced. Both leaders were restricted by time and thought that they would return by 1 pm to the base camps. Yet, they did not consider other circumstances that awaited them during their climb. The leadership error here was that Hall and Fischer were concerned about their results more than the actual case (Rajasekaran). Moreover, the context of the situation was not considered. They were in a wild nature that was unpredictable. As such, Hall and Fischer needed to behave as true leaders and consider each climb as a new experience and be careful as much as possible. One more aspect taken from the news after the Everest disaster in 1996 is that leaders had interpersonal conflicts within their teams. Here, the ability to conflict management between team members is critical for an effective leader. However, the leaders of fatal expeditions were not ready to mitigate conflicts and keep the groups calm during their journey. This played a crucial role in disturbing the process of climbing the mountain smoothly. Leaders should be highly concerned about what is going on inside their teams and how to make people cooperate even if they are placed in an extreme situation. Aside from conflict management, Hall and Fischer were not able to preserve groups together and work under a common goal of survival (Sherwood et al.). It is understandable that the mountain climbers were afraid and needed some support from their leaders. Here, news media accounts portrayed Fischer as the one who was concerned only about the commercial side of climbing to the peak rather than caring about people (High-Stakes Decision Making). He neglected people’s attitudes and did not consider how they were doing during their trip. This attitude Fischer was a serious mistake that cost people’s life. Conclusion To conclude, the Everest disaster in 1996 was a tragic loss of people’s life. The case demonstrates the importance and impact of leadership skills on the destiny of people. Hall and Fischer were professionals in climbing the mountain who had several successful experiences with the peak of Everest before. For them, climbing was an ordinary activity that created several cognitive biases in making their decisions in a stressful situation. News frequently addressed how the overconfidence of leaders was a crucial mistake in controlling the climbing process. In addition, recency effects and poor conflict management were influential factors affecting the outcomes of the trips. These two expeditions of Hall and Fischer showed that leaders should be aware of cognitive biases in their leadership and be sure to avoid them when making decisions. Works Cited History.com Editors. “Eight Climbers Die on Mt. Everest.” HISTORY , 2020, Web. “High-Stakes Decision Making: The Lessons of Mount Everest.” HBS Working Knowledge , 2002, Web. Rajasekaran, Mag. “Leadership Lessons from 1996 Mt. Everest Disaster.” Linkedin , 2018, Web. Newlands, Murray. “What the 1996 Everest Disaster Teaches About Leadership.” Entrepreneur , 2016, Web. Sherwood, Cynthia Mcfadden And Roxanna. “1996 Everest Disaster Survivor Retraces Climb to Make Peace with the Mountain.” ABC News , 2012, Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Legality and Ethicality in Corporate Governance Essay The legality of the activities according to federal, state, and local laws should follow the principle of good governance through honesty and good faith. Some of the management practices at the United Thermostatic Controls failed to comply with companies’ law. It is clear that current legislation states that disclosure of financial information should be done in good faith, honesty and with total professionalism. However, the case study at thermostatic controls is different. The company flaunted the fundamental principle of governance that demands utmost good faith. The top management at the company exerted too much pressure at the financial department as a way of assisting another department to achieve its goals much faster. The federal, state and local laws do not condone such practices at all. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 which is a United States federal law enacted on July 30, 2002 should apply certain criteria to this case. The purpose of this law is to set rules and guidelines of operation for public companies boards, public accounting firms and company management. This Act takes care of issues such as auditor independence, corporate governance, finance disclosure and others. The case at Thermostatic Controls touches on disclosure of financial information and corporate governance. A top management official is capable of influencing accounting process to fit personal agenda and as a result, disregard the side effects of such actions to the affected individuals. Sarbanes Oxley can invoke section 302 and 404 of the Act. For instance, Section 302 sets out some of the internal procedures that should be followed when disclosing financial information. In this case, the section can assist in finding out who is responsible in the event of inaccurate disclosure. Section 404 of the same Act is clear on internal control mechanisms of companies. In this section, management is supposed to produce credible and certified reports on internal controls as part of Exchange Act report. However, the case of thermostatic control is somehow different. There are certain doubts on the adequacy of the internal controls. Therefore, using bylaws from this section, it is possible to assess whether there is compliance by companies as required by law. Section 807 of Sarbanes Oxley is also integral in adequately establishing the innocence or guilt of the accused persons. There was lack of professionalism in ethicality of management activities at the company. Professions such as accounting, auditing and law among others demand professional ethics. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) stipulates principles of professional conduct among accountants. The latter should follow the principles of professional conduct that guide them in course of their accounting career. According to the underlying principles, accountants ought to be responsible, act on behalf of public interest, integrity, exercise objectivity and independence in course of their duties (Fernando, 2009). These principles define the codes of ethics that govern accounting profession. The company in question has many issues concerning the ethicality of various officers. It is highly unethical for the top management to pressurize junior employees in accounting division to maneuver the books are unethical. The actions put the integrity of the top management into doubts and question. The responsibility of good governance was also withdrawn since the top official went against the requirement of good corporate governance. The vice president of sales and marketing on the other hand also acted in unethical way by complying with the director’s actions. The accounting department can be blamed because it did not act independently or objectively. Indeed, they flaunted the standards they had always strived to protect. It was also noted that some of the activities of different individuals are questionable because work ethics demand integrity and have tarnished the image of the company. They should therefore be dealt with accordingly. The different activities in this case have not been equitable to any of the stake holders. For example, the internal stakeholders who include the management and other staff members have a great burden to reconstruct the image of the company. These actions which are not ethical in nature put into question the actions of other regions who may have acted lawfully and ethically. The management then has the task of convincing their partners and customers on how not worry. The unlawful and unethical activities also put questions on the leadership ability about proper management. The external stakeholders were also provided with wrong information. This was not justified because the true performance of the company would not be known by those interested to buy the company’s shares. An ethical approach helps in avoiding such injustices and not to damage other peoples’ interests (Mandal, 2010). Their investments could lead to loss if prices of these shares collapsed. For other players like the lenders and creditors, such wrong information could result into mistaken decision that would possibly end up in financial loss. The best decision that can be put into action as a result of this mess to hire professional external auditors who cannot compromise their integrity and professional principle. This is one of the best ways that is logical to curb such unethical activities. The professional external auditors should test the adequacy of internal controls. Additionally, participatory approach is necessary when setting goals in order to develop realistic and achievable goals. It is also important to practice business ethics at all times (Crane & Matten, 2007). References Crane, A & Matten, D. (2007). Business Ethics . New York: Oxford University Press. Fernando, A. (2009). Business Ethics: An Indian Perspective . New Delphi: Dorling Kindersley Private Limited. Mandal, S. (2010). Ethical in Business & Corporate Governance . New Delphi: Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Domestic Businesses and Global Market Essay (Article) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Types of Business Environments 3. Example Organizations 4. Benefits of Expansion 5. Ethical Considerations 6. Conclusion 7. Reference Introduction The main feature of the modern world economy is globalization, which has a decisive impact on global business development. This article analyzes various aspects of globalization that are characteristic of business both within the country and abroad. It also reflects the main differences in the processes of doing business, touches on ethical problems that may arise. Types of Business Environments Domestic business is defined as existing restrictions; international business is not limited and goes beyond the country. Local businesses facilitate limited exchanges between people in a given country, while international companies operate in many countries (Djelic, 2018). Meanwhile, domestic enterprises do not perceive too many warnings or strict requirements for product quality (Thorbecke, 2019). International companies must maintain very high-quality standards of the products or services offered. Example Organizations Google’s parent firm, Alphabet, acquired its Delaware incorporation registration and is registered as a foreign entity in California. When compared to, for instance, Huawei, a Chinese technology company, Alphabet is a decidedly domestic organization (Djelic, 2018). A domestic corporation is one that operates entirely inside its native nation. On the other hand, international organizations such as Huawei cover multiple countries, which is why such businesses are regulated depending on the states in which the entity operates. Benefits of Expansion Entering the foreign opens up almost limitless opportunities for business development. An example that is relevant is how the oil production in Saudi Arabia, a country with significant reserves, can supply the demand of multiple countries and affect the pricing of the oil worldwide (Thorbecke, 2019). The development of new markets makes it possible to significantly increase sales volumes and regulate seasonal fluctuations (Djelic, 2018). Another advantage is the increase in the currency resources of the exporting company. Ethical Considerations Even when a corporation meets all local legal standards, wages and working conditions in other countries are typically lower than those in the United States. If a company recruits people there, they must decide what wage and working conditions are appropriate (Djelic, 2018). Thus, the appropriate way is to develop corporate rules while integrating into the local economy. Conclusion Globalization is a new qualitative level of internationalization that covers all spheres of modern society: production, exchange, distribution, consumption, social, political, and cultural relations, developing them in breadth and depth. It is worth noting that as a result of globalization, supranational forms of industrial relations are being created. Reference Djelic, M. L. (2018). Globalization and business regulation. Annual Review of Sociology , 44 , 123–143. Web. Thorbecke, C. (2019). Supply, demand and geopolitical tensions: How oil prices rise . ABC News. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Violinist’s Musical Capacity in Playing Schubert’s ‘The Bee’ Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. Work Cited Introduction The video represents Valery Breshears, a 7-year-old girl, playing Francois Schubert’s “The Bee.” It is possible to assume that the girl studies in Grade 1. Valery performs “The Bee” individually, and her playing is accompanied by the pianist (“Francois Schubert ‘The Bee’ by 7-Year-Old Violinist”). In spite of the fact that the performance is comparably short (about 1 minute and 10 seconds), this young violinist demonstrates the developed skills in playing the violin and interacting with the accompaniment during her performance. Main body Therefore, the most surprising aspect associated with the demonstrated musical activity is the level of Valery’s proficiency in performing “The Bee.” The reason is that Valery demonstrates an effective technique of using a violin bow to produce musical effects. Although this piece is often used for training young violinists, the level of their performance is usually not satisfying. Watching this video, students can focus on approaches to holding a bow and controlling quick movements represented in the video. It is possible to use this video as an example while teaching students to play “The Bee” and training finger dexterity. Conclusion Therefore, it is possible to state that this activity can be used in a classroom with elementary students who have only started to improve their skills in playing the violin. If students do not play the violin, this video can still be used in the classroom in order to teach them the basics of rhythmic structures and movement coordination referring to the tempo of this musical piece. It is also important to use this example of musical activity for motivating students to achieve higher results in their performance related to different areas of knowledge and skills. Work Cited “ Francois Schubert ‘The Bee’ by 7-Year-Old Violinist. ” YouTube , uploaded by Little Stars Trio. 2017. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Specific errors in thinking, such as the default bias, the status quo bias, the endowment effect, the winner’s curse, and the concept of loss aversion result in irrational behavior. This paper is concerned with interpreting the experiment’s subjects’ decisions as to their rationality, determining the best strategy, and relating the results to the firm’s business strategies. Students will be divided into two groups. The procedure of the experiments is: Find an empty box and place it two meters away from students’ standing point. And students are asked to try to throw a pen into the empty box. The author used their dominant hand in both cases as the best strategy in their rational understanding; additionally, like the 60% of the first group, she was unwilling to change the status quo. The majority of the second group, like the minority of the first, meanwhile, demonstrated the gambler’s fallacy, an error in mental accounting. The author, like the majority of the first group and the 30% of the second, aimed to avoid losing a sure gain rather than acquire a greater one, which is an example of the endowment effect and the loss aversion principle. Additionally, a default bias – not changing behavior when circumstances change – influenced the irrational decisions of those using the same hand in both cases. In our last class, we have conducted an auction. In the cup with 5 cent coins, students needed to auction for obtaining this good. The actual value of the good is 4 euros (80 coins). In this experiment, a student who is willing to pay 5.5 euros won the auction. Please relate this result with the winner’s curse and briefly explain why the winner’s curse occurs in this case. In this auction, the bidder with the highest estimate won, as per the definition of the winner’s curse. Failing to account for irrational behavior, and, thus, overvaluing the product, the student engaged in overbidding. Therefore, the price he paid was higher than the actual value of the coins. The firm’s business strategies that fail to account for the given biases may lead to avoiding innovations. Therefore, their products may fail to meet new market demands, resulting in financial losses as customers’ decisions are not always rational. The winner’s curse, meanwhile, leads to bidders paying more than its actual value for an auctioned item. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Should Gay Couples Have the Same Adoption Rights as Straight Couples? Essay Farr, Rachel H. “Does parental sexual orientation matter? A longitudinal follow-up of adoptive families with school-age children.” Developmental psychology 53.2 (2017): 252. This article sets out to explore what consequences adoption by same-sex couples has on children in comparison with those who get adopted by other-sex couples. The author states that, according to psychological literature, children’s well-being is reliant on family’s functioning rather than on its structure. Results of the study have proven that to be true, since no disparities were found on in accordance with parents’ sexual orientation. The implications that this has, according to the author, is that more supportive policies and corresponding laws in relation to parenting by same-sex couples have to be advanced. Miller, Benjamin Graham, Stephanie Kors, and Jenny Macfie. “No differences? Meta-analytic comparisons of psychological adjustment in children of gay fathers and heterosexual parents.” Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity 4.1 (2017): 14. The authors of this article decide to focus on the children of gay men as compared to those of heterosexual parents in their study. Using meta-analysis to assess the psychological adjustment of children depending on their parents’ sexuality, this study has shown that the results of children with gay male parents were remarkably better than those of children from traditional families in all analytical models. What this outcome might lead to, as the authors hope, is the advancement of gay fathers’ socioeconomic status, since they, according to all indicators, seem to actually be well prepared for parenthood. Tasker, Fiona, and Clifford Bellamy. “Adoption by same-sex couples–reaffirming evidence: could more children be placed?.” Family Law (2019). This study refers to a review in this journal from a decade before and contemplates assessing empirical evidence of the benefits for children who were adopted by same-sex parents in three areas. Furthermore, the motivations behind gay and lesbian couples’ desire to adopt are examined, and their willingness to consider adoption of children who deem to be hard-to-place is reflected upon. Being satisfied with the results of the study, the authors speculate whether even more can be done to place children waiting for adoption in suitable environments led by same-sex couples. Works Cited Farr, Rachel H. “Does parental sexual orientation matter? A longitudinal follow-up of adoptive families with school-age children.” Developmental psychology 53.2 (2017): 252. Web. Miller, Benjamin Graham, Stephanie Kors, and Jenny Macfie. “No differences? Meta-analytic comparisons of psychological adjustment in children of gay fathers and heterosexual parents.” Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity 4.1 (2017): 14. Web. Tasker, Fiona, and Clifford Bellamy. “Adoption by same-sex couples–reaffirming evidence: could more children be placed?.” Family Law (2019). Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The “Indian Names” Poem by Lydia Huntley Sigourney Essay The poem chosen for this assignment is Indian Names by Lydia Huntley Sigourney. The poem discusses the issues related to the native population of Americas – Indian people. In the poem, Sigourney recalls crimes against Indian people – “Ye drive them from their father’s lands” (Indian Names, n.d., para. 6). The plight of the indigenous people resulting from these actions is also mentioned – “On through the trackless desert pass/ A caravan of woe” (Indian Names, n.d., para. 7). Sigourney insists throughout the poem that despite such misery fallen to their lot, these people and their legacy will not be forgotten. Moreover, the author writes in such a way as if she opposes another force that wants the Indian people and their heritage to be gone. Sigourney’s argument builds upon the fact that numerous geographic sights in the US carry Indian names – “But their name is on your waters/ Ye may not wash it out” (Indian Names, n.d., para. 1). In the poem’s finale, the author warns the reader that God saw and heard the atrocities committed against Indian people. “Think ye the Eternal’s ear is deaf?/ His sleepless vision dim?/ Think ye the soul’s blood may not cry/ From that far land to him?” asks Sigourney. Regarding the thoughts and emotions of Sigourney at the time she was writing the poem, there must have been a diverse mix of them. In her poem, it is possible to identify the themes of mourning, retribution, and hope. While writing the poem, she must have been sorrowful for Indian people, yet her general message conveys hope – she believed that these people would survive and their legacy would live despite the circumstances. Furthermore, Sigourney must have made a mental journey throughout the United States to be able to recall and mention all of the sights carrying Indian names. Reference Indian Names . (n.d.). Poetry Foundation. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
This network is active in Pakistan and Afghanistan (National Counterterrorism Center, n.d.). It is a part of the larger terrorist group—the Taliban, however, Haqqani has an independent command and control over its operations. Moreover, the network has ties with Al Quida as well. This terrorist organization was founded by Jalaluddin Haqqani in 1973, a close ally of Usama Bin Laden, and it is currently controlled by his son Siraj. This network organized an attack on a hotel in Kabul, which killed one American citizen and five locals, among other terrorist actions of this group (“Haqqani Network,” n.d.). The group was involved in preparing the assassination of the Afghani president in 2008. More recently, the group planted a bomb near the German Embassy in Kabul, and the explosion killed over 100 people (“Haqqani Network,” n.d.). The group has been involved in numerous terrorist attacks and poses a danger to the US. The United State’s intelligence agency has been unsuccessful in its attempts to use counter-terrorism actions against the Haqqani Network, primarily due to the insufficient number of troops in the region. However, according to the National Counterterrorism Center (n.d.), the members of this network “are considered the most lethal and sophisticated insurgent group targeting the US” (para. 3). Recently, there has been some success in suppressing the operations of the network, but without additional input from the US military and intelligence, the network can resume its operations. The United States should increase the presence of troops and strengthen the coalition with the local governments in North Waziristan to mitigate the threat that the Haqqani Network presents to the United States. References Haqqani network. (n.d.). Web. National Counterterrorism Center. (n.d.). Haqqani network . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
China Online Financing Firms Facing More Regulatory Tightening Report (Assessment) China’s online lending companies are having tough times because of the further slowdowns of economic development, tighter regulatory measures, and the heating of competition. The online lending sector in China is hot, and the industry, in general, is battered. The primary concern is that they usually raise the capital from the rich investors and invest it in smaller companies. This scheme of work may be beneficial in times of economic prosperity but, for the most part, these online financing firms go bankrupt because they do not have proper risk assessment and control mechanisms and are not adaptable to new economic realities. Moreover, some of them are grey and involved in the schemes of financial fraud. Online lenders started operating some half decade ago, and their quantity grew spectacularly from some 880 in 2014 to 2,595 at the end of 2015. Such increase is challenging as most companies collapse leaving their investors short of the invested funds. It leads not only to shake-ups in the industry but also to the necessity to tighten regulations. There are many people who are interested in investments into the Chinese economy, and online firms have become one of the easiest ways to do it. There are numerous reasons for China’s investment attractiveness, but the instances of online lenders collapsing and the cases they turned out to be grey, not credible, decreases the level of China’s investment potential. If the country is interested in preserving its leading positions in capital raising, then the government should conduct tighter policies of regulating the online lending industry. What is more, it would help solve the problem of capital outflows because if people know that only credible online lending companies are operating, they will not be afraid of losing their money and will invest into the Chinese economy. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Geography of East Asia Report (Assessment) Map comparison The present day state of China is a consequence of spatial-expansion that traces back to an era long before Christ (1900 BC). Basically, until early twentieth century China was synonymous with dynastic rule. With Manchu dynastic rule (1644-1991) recording massive gains and thus hitting an all-time high, the entire period represents rollercoaster kind of gains. However, a blanket analysis on the entire period reveals gradual gains from the core area of Xia, extending to the present day Mongolia, Tibet, Myanmar, Turkestan, Indochina, Korea and Taiwan. Nevertheless, an anticlimax and hence the end of the final dynasty coincided with European and Japanese invasion (Schaefer 230). China’s spatial expansion is comparable to other forms of expansions including Islam, South American cultures, United States settlement and the Russian empire in the sense that they all emanate from a core region extending outwards where their influences decimate. However, while all the rest are foreign based China’s spatial expansion originates from the natives. Chinese state experiences imbalanced forces originating from ethnic diversities that portray irregular population density patterns. As such, the administrative units are designed in a way to cater for the ethnic minorities who include the non-Han speaking population. Consequently, the laws of the day apply selectively depending on the region. The regions reserved for the ethnic minorities are the ‘Autonomous regions (AR)’ and, have specific laws that don’t apply to other regions. Large expands of land covering the northern and western parts of China represent these regions. However, the population pressure from the majority Han Chinese tends to defy these efforts hence; the ARs are currently dominated by Han Chinese (MacLeod and Jones 671). Japan is a state that constitutes four Islands including Kyushu, Shikoku, Honshu and Hokkaido. Of the four islands Honshu forms the foci of Japan’s core area and, it is a manufacturing center cum human settlement zone. Importantly, Japan’s core area is located at the center of three tectonic plates and as such, most of the area is mountainous and prone to earthquake. In effect, with an ever burgeoning population (currently at 127 million) coupled with limited space, majority of the population (78%) resides in the urban centers that are located at the coastal cities. While some industries rest on reclaimed land from the sea thanks to the challenges posed by the land, agricultural land is being encroached by the ever growing population. Japan’s economic zone is located on its core area- Honshu. There are two major economic zones in Japan including Kanto plain and Kansai district. The former ranks first with its focus centered in Tokyo as its urban center. It has a fine harbor (Yokohama) and a fairly flat terrain hosting majority industries. However, it is prone to earthquake. On the other hand, Kansai district which ranks second constitutes Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto triangle port. This zone has its focus in Nagoya city which rests on Nobi plain and, is anchored by Kitakyushu conurbation on the west. Being part of Jakota triangle, South Korea and Taiwan represent vital members of the world economy: economic tigers. These two states are similar with regard to agricultural land use, transportation and urbanization. With regards to agricultural land use the terrain of both states are unfavorable for agriculture. Consequently, the states have resorted to manufacturing industries which forms the backbone of their economies. While Taiwan enjoys world’s market share in computers and electronics, South Korea boasts unprecedented world’s market share in shipbuilding. Consequently, the economies of these states have been to new heights encouraging urbanization as the limited agricultural lands remain underutilized (Kimble 500). The states’ main means of transport is by railroads. However, South Korea’s rail transport is more intensive than its counterpart. Moreover, Taiwan has negligible agricultural land relative to South Korea’s. Map 1: East Asian Physical geography map. Map 2: political-cultural information. Map 3: urban-economic information Key: A – Red Basin B -North China Plain C -Liao-Songhua Lowland D -Loess Plateau E -Pearl River Estuary F -Shenzhen Special Economic Zone G -Kanto Plain H -Kansai District I -Nobi Plain J -Kitakyushu Multiple-Choice: 1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (b) Work Cited Kimble, Hebert. “The Inadequacy of the Regional Concept” London Essays in Geography 2.17 (1951): 492-511. Print. MacLeod, George, and Jones Mother. “Renewing The Geography of Regions.” Environment and Planning 16.9 (2001): 669-800. Print. Schaefer, Frankline. “Exceptionalism in Geography: A Methodological Examination.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 43.3 (1953): 226-245. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Concept of Market Equilibrium in Business Essay Market Equilibrium refers to a business phenomenon where buyers bid against one another in an attempt to realize the selling price for the product. Therefore, it is to the discretion of the sellers to offer higher or accept lower prices for their commodities. A change in market equilibrium may result from a shift in demand, shift in supply or both. Demand on the other hand, has a variety of determinants, some of which include: 1. Future expectation of prices 2. Preference 3. Prices of compliments and substitutes 4. Income, wealth and prices of goods. A change in any one of these determinants leads to a shift in demand (when ceteris are not paribus). Supply refers to the quantity of goods that sellers desire to produce and sell under some given conditions. The determining factors of supply include: 1. Cost of factors of production 2. Productive capacity 3. Future expectation of prices. Taking into consideration a commodity like an iphone which is at equilibrium, the selling or buying prices will be determined where the demand curve intersects supply curve. As such, the sales and purchase of an iphone in an urban setting that has sufficient population would be determined. Take the case of Nairobi Kenya where a variety of related commodities are supplied and bought; thereby, posing a stiff competition. It has a very big population (Hoag et al., 2006). In addition, no single buyer and seller have unilateral effect on the prices in the market considering a perfect competition. There is adequate demand for mobile phones by the population structure and also sufficient supply of the same. In such a market, change in any of the factors that affect the demand of such a commodity will definitely alter its demand. Consider a change in the price of a substitute phone, that is, a phone that has similar technological advancement and so is equally appealing to the buyers: Data of iPhone supply and demand in Nairobi in comparison to the price Price Demand Quantity Supply Quantity 15000 100 500 20000 200 400 35000 300 300 45000 400 200 55000 500 100 The equilibrium of the supply and demand curve intersects each other atr the 300 mark Changing in iPhone price The change in the price of a substitute may either be positive or negative depending on whether it is an increase or a decrease. An increase in the cost of such a substitute phone may render most buyers unwilling to buy it. Indeed, an individual would not go for an expensive phone while there is a similar one that is relatively cheap (Carbaugh, 2010). There will, thus, be a decrease in the demand of the substitute while subsequent increase in the demand of the iphone. This will cause a shift to the right of the demand curve. Such a shift will tend to have two effects; raising equilibrium quantity and raising equilibrium price A leftward shift in demand would reverse the effect A change in any factor affecting supply—for instance cost of factors of production—results in either rightward or leftward shift in supply curve. When the cost of production goes down, the quantity of goods that suppliers are willing and able to supply increases. A right ward shift also tends to have two effects; lowering equilibrium price and raising equilibrium quantity. Consequently, a left shift has a reverse effect on the supply-demand graph. The degree of responsiveness of one variable, for instance, Iphone demand, to another is known as Elasticity (Dwivedi, 2008). Incase both demand and supply of the iphone has changed at the same time, then depending on the determinants of its supply and demand, there can be a shift to the left, right, up or down. The graph below shows the event where the demand curve shifts up and the supply curve shifts down. As a result the equilibrium shifts up to the 350 mark of the demand axis and 500 mark on the supply axis. References Carbaugh, R. (2010). Contemporary Economics: An Applications Approach, London: Routledge. Dwivedi, D. (2008). Microeconomics I, New York City: McGraw Hill. Hoag, A. & Hoag, J. (2006). Introductory Economics, London: Routledge. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Hence, it cannot be denied that even the objects that people are surrounded with are the manifestation of the discrimination towards the disabled overweight people. One of the first and the foremost problems is the lack of comfort that obese disabled people experience in various kinds of transport, for instance, in airplanes, when accommodating themselves in the seats. Since a single seat is not enough and the person sitting next to an overweight might feel uncomfortable, an additional ticket is to be purchased. Another essential part of the complexities that obese challenged people often encounter when entering public places is the problem concerning the bathroom stalls. Designed for slim people, these tube-like stalls are not suitable for the accommodation of an overweight person. Therefore, it is obvious that the stalls construction is to be modified to suit the needs and the specific state of obese disabled people. Moreover, it is necessary to mark that the rows in the lecture halls are very tight, which presupposes certain difficulties for an overweight person to overcome. There is no doubt that the current construction of lecture halls is an explicit case of discrimination towards the obese disabled people. Considering a specific scenario, one must suggest that it will be most uncomfortable for an overweight disabled person to move between the rows to his/her seat; moreover, the situation will obviously draw the attention of the public, which will be even more confusing for the given person. Speaking of the rows and seats in halls, the Concert Hall has to be mentioned as the place that is not designed to suit the overweight. Since the seats are extremely tight, the latter simply fail to accommodate themselves there. Hence, a number of problem for obese disabled people arise. For instance, it would be impossible for an overweight disabled person to accommodate him-/herself in the Concert Hall; as a result, the given person will have to sit on the stairs, which will be most inconvenient. It is also reasonable to mention the revolving doors which might presuppose a confusing situation for an overweight disabled person. Because of the lack of space between the sections of the doors, it is practically impossible for the obese disabled people to enter the building. In addition, the cases when an overweight challenged person got stuck in a revolving door are actually quite numerous. Hence, it cannot be argued that pivoting doors pose another obstacle on the way of the obese disabled people to a regular, comfortable life, both figuratively and literally. Another problem that overweight disabled people often face and that can be considered as a manifestation of explicit discrimination towards the obese disabled is the case of accommodating the latter in cars and fastening the seatbelts. In addition, whenever an obese and challenged person tries to fasten the seatbelt, (s)he faces certain problems, since the length of the belt might be not sufficient for safe driving. Moreover, Almond claims that obese workers, namely, obese shoppers often face discrimination. For example, the clients of various shops, especially the food shop chains, also feel discriminated by the public: “Any subsequent trips to the store have been made by my wife — I have been like an outcast” (Boniello). It would be also reasonable to mention the complexities that the obese disabled face when shopping for clothes. Since it is extremely hard to find the proper size of the clothes and to put it on using the fitting room, it is evident that obese disabled people suffer great complexities. As it turns out, overweight disabled people face considerable complexities with getting adjusted to the modern world. Therefore, it is necessary to come up with the suggestions on how to change the world so that the obese challenged people could feel that they belong where they live. Works Cited Almond, B. J. “Obese Shoppers More Likely to Experience Discrimination.” Rice , n.d. Web. Boniello, Kathianne. “White Castle Hates Fatty’s Gut.” New York Post, 11 Sep. 2011, Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
War in The Taste of Armageddon and Starship Troopers Essay When in “The Taste of Armageddon”, Anan 7 speaks about learning to fight in the proper way, he refers to the simulation of battles run by the computers; this form of war has preserved the planets from damage, but both of the participating sides still have had to disintegrate the people who were pronounced “killed” by the simulated strikes. Having observed the course of the war, Kirk makes the decision to interfere because the simulated war has resulted in just as many casualties as the real one would. The loss of human lives is what drives Kirk as the protector of peace to protest the simulated war. In comparison, Starship Troopers by Robert Heinlein seems to demonstrate an attitude that is the opposite of Kirk’s. Throughout the course of the book, the war goes on between the Arachnids or “the Bugs” and the people of Earth. The war results in devastation for both sides. However, neither of them are willing to stop, negotiate, cease fire, or think about the ruination caused by the conflict. In fact, the ending of the book paints a scene where the Terran Federation decides to consolidate the efforts of as many troopers as possible for an extra-powerful strike on the enemy. The soldiers are motivated by the speech, saying that they are coming for their fellows who were taken prisoner by the Bugs; however, the boat will not come back to pick them up after dropping them, “instead it’ll fetch more ammo and rations” (Heinlein 155). That way, the ultimate intentions of the Terran Federation seem to be oriented toward the continuation of the war at any cost, even if it leads to a massive loss of soldiers’ lives, or devastates the Earth. Differently put, the Federation seems to agree with Eminiar’s perspective of the need for the armed conflict. The only difference is that the former does not care about the preservation of planets, cultures, or ecosystems. The pacifist point of view of Captain James Kirk is alien to both of these parties. Works Cited Heinlein, Robert. Starship Troopers . n.d. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Strengths 2. Weaknesses 3. Opportunities 4. Threats 5. Discussion 6. Works Cited Strengths Through the support of the government, we are in a better position to be prepared for disasters at all times by getting the very essential financial support. With the more than 200,000 employees in the department, we are able to effectively distribute response teams throughout the nation reaching out to all major cities of the United States. Weaknesses Poor planning of the strategies meant to respond to disasters has been a major hindrance to attaining the objectives of ensuring preparedness. Medical facilities are not adequate enough to cater for the many people who require medical attention during emergencies especially the critically injured ones. Opportunities We are receiving a lot of support from other service providers who have volunteered to help their fellow citizens in times of accidents and other catastrophes such as the Mennonite Disaster service. We are also getting substantial help from the public at individual levels with many Americans providing both material and physical assistance whenever disaster strikes. Threats Since we get much of the support directly from the government, election of an inefficient government would largely affect our service provision because we would definitely lack enough funds to sustain our recovery activities. Inaccessibility of some of the disaster stricken areas has been a major setback which results to delay in the recovery process. Unfortunately, lives, that could have been saved, end up being lost due to this obstacle. Discussion 100% of response teams reporting at operational status are an effective performance measure for the goal of strengthening our nation’s preparedness and emergency response capabilities. This is because the success of a disaster recovery process lies entirely on the team working in that particular area. Besides, many such disasters affect hundreds or even thousands of people who cannot be catered fro by just a few individuals but many volunteer workers (Homeland Security 1). Works Cited Homeland Security, “Ensure Resilience to Disasters”. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Effects and Issues 3. Minimizing the Usage 4. MRSA 5. Conclusion 6. Works Cited Introduction Despite the fact that antibiotics are effective in treating a variety of diseases, they can also be used improperly or excessively, which can lead to different complications. Importantly, prescribing antibiotics for a viral infection is not an effective treatment due to the fact that antibiotics are aimed at fighting bacteria (Adams 231). However, the symptoms of viral and bacterial diseases can be similar and, therefore, prescribing such treatment is frequently incorrect. The purpose of this paper is to consider the possible consequences of antibiotics overuse and to analyze the possible ways to minimize their effects on health. Effects and Issues It is crucial to emphasize that the use of antibiotics for erroneous purposes or their overuse can lead to several consequences. If the drug is used incorrectly, its effect becomes insufficient. This is due to the fact that over time the bacteria begin to mutate and develop a drug-resistant strain (Podolsky 93). The same occurrence happens when the treatment is wrong or with an increase and an untimely termination of the treatment. The patient becomes a carrier of resistant infections; accordingly, he or she can no longer be treated with the first-generation antibiotics, and the risk of complications or death increases. One of the main issues associated with their overuse is that antibiotics created to fight infections give rise to new and more complicated infections, which require stronger medication. In addition, the inappropriate use of antibiotics can cause serious harm to the body of the patient. For instance, one of the most common complications is dysbiosis. Drugs like amoxicillin, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, and others are highly effective, but they have a negative effect on the intestinal microflora, which is responsible for the gastrointestinal tract (Tamma 136). As a result, the patient’s immune system gets weaker along with all the metabolic processes of the body. The other effects can be expressed in irritable bowel syndrome, allergies, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and even obesity. Minimizing the Usage To prevent the misuse of antibiotics, healthcare professionals should ensure that this course of treatment is necessary. It is important to confirm the appointment of antibiotics through analyses and other health assessments. It is necessary to inform the patient about when he or she needs to start the drug treatment or to observe whether the body can cope with the infection on its own. It is essential to take into account all the patient’s allergic reactions and chronic diseases (Blaser 16). Each specialist should analyze the interaction of antibiotics with other drugs that the patient receives. This is especially important when a person takes antihypertensive drugs or anticonvulsants. Also, it is important to consider when the patient took antibiotics the last time as it is recommended to have this course of the treatment no more than once a year (Myers 108). Needless to say, patients should be knowledgeable about the necessity to not exceed or reduce the antibiotics intake without medical supervision and not to change the dosage without preliminary agreement with the health care specialist. MRSA MRSA is a strain of staph that is resistant to most of the known antibiotics. People with a reduced immune response (with HIV, cancer patients, transplant patients) are at risk and require special attention in respect to this dangerous illness. Antibiotics such as vancomycin and teicoplanin, which should be appointed by a doctor solely, are considered effective for this disease. In addition, cubits in (daptomycin), a cyclic lipopeptide of natural origin, is active only against gram-positive bacteria (Scuderi 252). This drug is sufficient for patients with complicated skin and soft tissue infections and methicillin-resistant strains; consequently, it will also be effective in the treatment of MRSA. Conclusion The overuse of antibiotics is rather a widespread occurrence. Healthcare specialists should raise people’s awareness regarding the consequences of incorrect drug intake and inform patients about the safe practices of medication usage. It is advisable to consider the alternative courses of treatment prior to appointing the antibiotics. Works Cited Adams, James. Emergency Medicine, New York: Elsevier, 2012. Print. Blaser, Martin. Missing Microb es , New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2014. Print. Myers, Mark. Symptoms of Diseases , Bloomington: Xlibris Corporation, 2014. Print. Podolsky, Scott. The Antibiotic Era, Baltimore: JHU Press, 2014. Print. Scuderi, Giles. Techniques in Revision Hip and Knee Arthroplasty, New York: Elsevier, 2014. Print. Tamma, Pranita. Antimicrobial Stewardship, New York: Elsevier, 2014. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
In addressing this, the authors analyze the issues of regulatory accounting principle (RAP) versus generally accepted accounting principle (GAAP) in terms of their implications to saving and loans (S&Ls) in preparation of financial statement. The research was done in a certain university where 170 students, out of which 65 accounting students were experimented to gauge their preferences for the issues. The data obtained showed that RAP and GAAP statements equally confused accounting and other students. The implication was that, even though accounting students are well versed with the concepts, they do not possess the advance skills required to solve related different problems. The authors thus advocate that more emphasis on expert learning and problem solving strategies need to be developed by the accounting educators as earlier recommended by some researchers of GAAP (Cohan & Johnson, 2011, p.12). This would result to greater correlation between classroom and professional performance. I have always believed that current world’s challenges can be harmonized by relevant education that equips the learner with the concepts and principles of the subject. Fortunately, based on the article’s content, the authors make one understand that does do not only need subject concepts but also the knowledge and skills to transfer them to the real life situation. Academics grades should therefore receive meanings in terms of their applicability in the real life situations. Students have to learn to correlate what is taught in class to what is expected of them by the society. First, I have leant that attending accounting class would be meaningless especially if one has gone through education system but still not able to solve real problems. Student should therefore be put to extensive task of learning both Regulated Accounting Principle (RAP) and General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), which are relevant in solving world current problems and challenges (Cohan & Johnson, 2011, p.19). Secondly, good grades in academics do not always correlate to good job performance, as accounting students do not have advantage over others without the same knowledge. Further, economic problems arise due to saving and Loans (S&Ls) crisis caused by misappropriation and poor management. Moreover, if S&L receives a promissory note, then new worth certificate is redeemed and the note withdrawn if it makes the profit and loss respectively. In addition, since the note’s benefit depended on the liquidation of the S&L, it does not qualify as an asset under GAAP. I have acquired new concepts of accounting, which will make me understand major economic crisis and initiate projects towards finding solutions of the issues pertaining to accounting. Since knowledge is power, I will pass the same information to others so that they grasp these issues on the subject. The site is very rich with the accounting concepts as far GAAP is concerned as well as tools for saving, emailing and printing the information. I am able to get all the relevant information without having to open a new window. The link in the site opens easily and its contents are free from virus. Most importantly is the availability of the reference materials on the site. I have understood the terminologies used and their implications in the business sector. For instance, GAAP refers to “the set of rules, conventions and standards accountant follow in recording and summarizing transaction and in preparation of financial statement” (Cohan & Johnson, 2011, p. 23). RAP recognizes that financial records are regulated and that some loans are to be deferred contrary to GAAP, which requires immediate recognition of loans. In addition, GAAP forces institutions to take actions, which do not enhance their value. In comparing RAP and GAAP, I wish to suggest that all can be used together without isolation. Financial statement of GAAP can be doctored, if not regulated. Gains on fixed assets are recognized on condition that the asset is sold unlike the case in RAP. Because subordinated debentures are not liabilities in RAP, it would increase the crisis of S&Ls if used alone. Reference Cohan, S., & Johnson, E. (2011). Transferring Classroom Knowledge to Real-World Accounting: The Saving Loans Crisis. Journal of Education for Business , 67(5), pp. 5-31. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The retail clinics provide convenient, cost effective, timely and quality medical services that satisfy patient’s needs. However, the concept has been receiving criticism from doctors and nurses who doubt its credibility. This explains why institutions, such as US pharmacy chain that seeks to open up a clinical corporation, should execute a comprehensive evaluation of the concept’s viability in prior. The Stakeholders Who Have an Interest in the Legal and Regulatory Standards As indicated, the key stakeholders who hold strong interest in the legal and regulatory standards in a retail clinical setting include the nurses, physicians and patients. The government and health care organizations also form key stakeholders. Particularly, physicians and nurses’ foremost concerns in the legislative process relate to their welfare that includes terms of work, remuneration and job security. That is why the legislation should guarantee their rights pertaining to professional, social and economic aspects. Variably, patients expect quality, affordable and timely delivery of health care services. They have immense interest in the process of formulating health care regulations since the laws influence the realization of their expectations. Authorities and health care bodies also have a strong interest in the process. Their interest appertains to the development of pertinent laws that hold strong development orientation. That is why the laws should be able to mitigate the prevailing health care complications. They should also ensure that the services of the pharmacy chain remain relevant. The Stakeholder’s Position Evidently, nurses and physicians who hold conflicting thoughts about the legislation, which drive operations in the clinical sector, are expected to take a cautious position. This is to help in mitigating the conflict between the two professional bodies through the formulation of non-discriminatory regulations. In this regard, the government and the professional bodies such as physician and nurse licensing authorities may adopt a non-partisan legal position through mutual understanding. This seeks to facilitate sanity in the sector and eradicate the rising conflict between the key stakeholders. Further, patients are expected to take a proactive position for ensuring that the legislative process yields favorable terms of engagement. This is also to facilitate the provision of quality health care with minimal cost implication. The Best Public Policy Solution Indeed, harmonization of the activities of the professional bodies remains viable and can be considered as the best public policy solution because they share a common goal of improving patients’ health standards under health ethical code of conduct. This will reduce the formulation of divergent interests and unwarranted competition between the stakeholders that have been an impediment to effective service delivery. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Pros and Cons of Mobile Phones Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Differences in a cell phone and a cordless phone 3. The positive impact of cell phones 4. The negative impact of cell phones 5. Conclusion 6. Works Cited Introduction A cell phone, in other words also referred to as a mobile phone is a gadget that is operated electronically using frequencies of radio telecommunication which operates on a two-way basis within a given network. Since their inception, cell phones have contributed highly to several factors both negatively and positively. Motorola was the first telephone company to demonstrate the first handheld mobile phone. Differences in a cell phone and a cordless phone Cell phones which are currently more reliable enable users to communicate over a two-way network. With this, users can communicate via radio frequencies throughout the world hence making communication easy. This is unlikely while using cordless telephones which have limitations on the area of coverage. Cell phones also do support many interesting features like the internet, Bluetooth. Infrared and also games (Consumer Reports, 2003). One can even take a picture of their choice and send it via the MMS service to another mobile phone. Interesting cell phone Applications can be stored inside the cell phone’s memory. Some feature cell phones also come with a memory slot card which allows the user to swap memory cards of different storage capacities. A wide range of recharging options like a USB port or a cigarette lighter characterizes the cell phone’s advanced features to those of the cordless telephone. In addition to these, cell phones also have Bluetooth hands-free features that allow the user to answer calls when driving or just for leisure, without using hands to access the keypad. The positive impact of cell phones In the modern world where everything is rapidly changing, cell phones have succeeded in improving plenty of our lives. We can now monitor our premises and homes with the help of a cell phone. Keeping in touch with friends and family has never before been this easier and more fun. Cell phone technology has also seen a significant percentage of people access news and social networking sites such as Facebook from their cell phones (Knight Digital Media Center, 2009). In the event of an emergency, one can be sure to be able to convey a message regardless of the distance. However, cell phones have also impacted negatively on the user and the community at large. The negative impact of cell phones In as much as the positive attributes of owning a cell phone surpass those of not owning one, there are disadvantages too. Cell phones have been said to be a major cause of road accidents due to overindulgence in calls and text messages whilst driving (eHow magazine). Children with access to high-end cell phones end up getting exploited especially by child predators. There are also concerns that the prolonged use of cell phones could in the long run have side effects on the user, thus causing diseases such as cancer of the skin. Security is also an issue because criminals take advantage of the cell phone’s ability to use different sim cards from different operator companies, to commit crimes like extortion.+ Conclusion The world being a global village, cell phones play a major role in ensuring improved quality of life through a cheap and personalized communication medium. It is estimated that over 4 billion cell phones are in circulation worldwide. It is my opinion that the cell phone era has succeeded in promoting business among individuals and companies in general. Through cheap communication rates, information is disseminated from point A to point B seemingly effortlessly. Would surely advise anyone to acquire a cell phone, especially in these days of uncertainty. Works Cited Consumer Reports, 2003. Cell Phones and Services . Web. eHow magazine. Negative Impact of Mobile Phones on Society . Web. Knight Digital Media Center. Transition to Digital Journalism , 2009. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Charitable Appeal From Two Points of View Report The concept of a charity appeal is traditionally viewed as one of the opportunities that must be provided to vulnerable groups in a democratic state as the means of providing them with the opportunity to enjoy the same freedoms and rights as other members of the population. However, a charitable appeal is not devoid of controversies, which is why considering the arguments against is also necessary. Nonetheless, after examining the arguments in favor of a charitable appeal and against it, one must acknowledge its necessity due to the imperfections in the justice system and the necessity to provide a possibly innocent person with an opportunity to defend themselves in court. The significance of a charitable appeal as the tool for seeking justice for those that belong to disadvantaged communities and do not have resources for supporting themselves in a difficult situation cannot possibly be underestimated. The very premise on which the concept of a charitable appeal is based is rooted in the foundational ideas of democracy, namely, the provision of equal opportunities for all people, no matter their social background. Without the existence of a charity appeal, people from underfunded communities would not be able to fight for their rights in court, which would have led to detrimental outcomes in multiple cases. Thus, the application of a charitable appeal as the means of assisting people that require additional social and economic support is central to maintaining the principles of equality and democracy within the social and legal system. Arguably, the concept of charitable appeal is not safe from being abused by the people who are not entitled to it. Indeed, it is comparatively easy to imagine the scenario in which a rich person would use a charitable appeal to bypass the law and gain more resources for working their way out of a situation for which they are partially responsible (Nilsson et al., 2016). Indeed, several scholars define the specified option as the appeal to pity and, therefore, deem it to be a manipulation of the jury’s feelings, particularly, their sympathy for the person in need (Nilsson et al., 2016). Therefore, charitable appeal can be easily represented and used as a vehicle for locating loopholes in the existing legal system and the means of manipulating people’s emotions (Nilsson et al., 2016). Thus, the framework under analysis could be interpreted as ethically and legally questionable. However, at the same time, charitable appeal allows addressing the cases in which the person in need could have an opportunity to win the case, yet the lack of financial resources prevents them from doing so. Therefore, apart from assisting people on an individual level, the existence of a charity appeal contributes to bringing justice to the community, in general, since it helps to create precedents that would, later on, provide the basis for achieving justice in similar cases. Since the power structures by which modern society is represented allow for significant inequalities to be observed across different population groups and classes, it is essential to provide people with an opportunity to file a charity appeal. Charitable appeals serve as the beacon of democracy and the chance to give a voice to those that may be underrepresented in the modern community due to the lack of financial resources, the presence of prejudices, or the existence of any other social or socioeconomic hindrances. Therefore, the existence of a charitable appeal as the means of legally supporting those in need is fully justified. References Nilsson, A., Erlandsson, A., & Västfjäll, D. (2016). The congruency between moral foundations and intentions to donate, self-reported donations, and actual donations to charity. Journal of Research in Personality, 65 , 22-29. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The United States’ Housing Bubble Essay The housing bubble of 2000s remains one of the greatest economic challenges ever faced by the US. The housing bubble defines an economic bubble in which there was a remarked increase in housing prices in the United States. The price escalation was fueled by increased demand and speculation. Increase in demand for houses against the limited supply in the housing market marked an onset of the housing bubble. With such a situation, speculators got into the housing market with a view to making profits through buying and selling of houses in the short-term. The entry of such speculators increased the demand further. With time, the demand decreased while the supply increased. This led to a significant drop in housing prices leading to the bursting of the bubble. The bursting of the housing bubble led to serious economic repercussions on the economic front (Roberts, 57). The housing bubble can largely be attributed to financial activities and monetary policies. The housing prices in the United States escalated due to increased demand and reached an all time high in early 2006. From 2007, the prices started to decline tremendously. In particular, the Case Shriller Home Price Index, in 2008, recorded the biggest price drop in its history. The bursting of the bubble had much effect on the home valuations, mortgage markets and real property markets. While a lot of factors contributed to the housing bubble, financial activities and monetary policies played crucial roles in causing the bubble (Trass, 42). Traditionally, the Glass-Steagall Act played an imperative role in regulation of the financial sector. This act strictly regulated the lending activities of the commercial banks. It limited the banks’ lending activities and interest loans. However, from 1980s, significant changes occurred in the banking sector that set the stage for housing bubble. The banks were deregulated through several Acts. Most notable Acts are the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 and the Garn-ST. Germain Depository Institutions Act of 1982, which permitted banks to set any interest rate on their loans. These Acts also allowed for adjustable rate mortgages in the economy. In addition, these Acts allowed developers easy access to credit. The availability of credit increased people’s demand for houses. Similarly, the power of the developers to erect more houses to meet the heightened demand increased. This contributed to the housing bubble crisis. The deregulation brought about by the financial Acts enabled the banks to present risky products to the people. By enabling the banks to adjust their lending rates and interest rates, it was easy for the house bubble to set in. the security markets were equally to blame for the housing bubble. The Federal Reserve rapidly lowered the loan interest rates in response to the precedent dotcom bubble. The historically low interest rates made credit access much easier than before. The lowering of interest rates increased supply that served to cause a further drop in prices of houses in most states. The intense competition between the mortgage lenders pushed them to loosen their lending conditions. Subprime lending intensified due to the easy credit access conditions. Prior to 2003, subprime mortgage lending remained below 10%. However, this doubled to 20% by 2006 during the peak of the bubble. This led to an increase in demand for houses causing an increase in prices of houses, hence the onset of the bubble. The effects of the United States housing bubble on various aspects of the economy cannot be understated. The sharp drop in housing prices increased the rate of loan defaulting significantly. This was down to the increased subprime lending. The fall in housing prices made it difficult for subprime lenders to refinance their loans. Prior to the bubble, there was a massive inflow of foreign capital into the US economy from other world economies. This foreign money inflow plus the low interest conditions, increased credit availability and access in the United States. The decline in housing prices plunged global financial institutions into crises as they witnessed heavy losses. This affected virtually all aspects of global trade for established economies (Trass, 71). The lending potential of financial institutions declined and the governments engaged in extra financial commitments in their bid to bail out the fundamental institutions. This has limited the money available for investment in opportunities globally. In addition, the volume of global trade will decline tremendously since the industrialized countries will tend to reduce their demand for imports from other economies. The business cycle has not been spared either of the eminent effects of the housing bubble. The housing bubble led to a slowdown in the economy. With the United States constituting nearly one third of the world’s GDP, the world’s business cycle will undoubtedly be affected. The housing bubble has profoundly affected the country’s demand for exports from other countries thereby affecting the world business cycle (Cline, 112). The economic slowdown due to the housing bubble, also impacts on the workers’ wages. Workers’ wages are much likely to stagnate for long periods especially during this recovery period. The housing bubble did not only affect the US economy but it had unpleasant effects on economies afar, as well. The distant places such as California, Wall Street and Europe were all connected through the cash inflows. With the increasing prices, investors from varied ends were investing in the US housing markets from Europe and even the fast growing Asian economies. Works Cited Cline, William. Financial Globalization, Economic Growth, and the Crisis of 2007 . New York: Peterson Institute, 2010. Print. Roberts, Lawrence. The Great Housing Bubble . California: Monterey Cypress LLC, 2008. Print. Trass, Kieran. The Housing Bubble: The Real Estate Cycle- Why You Can Grow Rich in Slumps as Well as Booms . Auckland: Penguin Group, 2009. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Semco Company’s Innovative Management Approaches Case Study The majority of people are of the opinion that “organizations are too large and/or too bureaucratic to change” (Maresco and York 2). Well, perhaps some of them are. But Ricardo Semler, the President and CEO of the Semco company, has proven to the world that even the most radical changes are possible. People consider his company as the most interesting in the world, call it the “insanity that works” and describe with many other different words, and all of them are actually right – Ricardo Semler has managed to do something that seems really impossible (“Semco” par. 1). Brief Background Information The story about the Semco company and Ricardo Semler usually starts in the following way. The Semco S.A. is a Brazilian company with the annual income of $210 million, which it regularly gets despite the fact that it operates in one of the most changeable economies in the world (Baumgartner par. 3). Founded in 1953, the organization was firstly guided by Ricardo’s father who made it “hierarchical and patriarchic” with “a rule and a policy for just about everything” (“Lessons from Semco” par. 5). When Ricardo joined Semco at the age of nineteen, he suggested implementing many changes. Among other things, he was convinced that the company was too harsh and rigid. Nevertheless, his father disagreed, and everything just went on as usual. The economic recession that overtook the country in the 1980s became the turning point, and Ricardo insisted on his strategy even threatening to resign in case his father disagreed. That is when Semco S.A. got a new CEO and was on the verge of significant changes. The Fundamental Differences between the Semco Company and Standard Management Approaches The first thing Ricardo Semler did after becoming the CEO was the dismissal of two-thirds of managers: he left only three people out of twelve. Many of those managers were his father’s friends (“Lessons from Semco” par. 8). He decided to abolish authoritarianism and hierarchy since he believed those decreased productivity. Presently, the employees in Semco are “self-governing and self-managing” and they “have, in most cases, mastered several jobs” (Maresco and York 4). That runs counter to any classical management approach that implies hierarchy and subordination, among which bureaucracy probably goes first on the list (Mullins 47). The absence of a clear organizational chart is probably the most fundamental difference between the Semco company and classic management approaches. Still, it is not the only one. There is nothing similar in the workweek, the working environment, scheduling, or salary policy either. Ricardo Semler decided to “throw out all the rules” (Maresco and York 4). Employees set production quotas, wages and working hours on their own. Although they are supposed to come to work between seven and nine in the morning and work for eight hours, there can freely leave the site earlier if the work is done. There are no restrictions for traveling. No dress code exists in the workplace since it generates stereotyping. The working places can be organized by employees in their own fashion. Managers and employees make decisions together, and no one has secretaries or assistants. Although managers still exist in the company, their positions are not secure – they can be fired because of the poor scores just as any other employee (Andrewartha par. 5). In the Semco company, “the standard policy is to have no policy” at all (Maresco and York 4). On the face of it, all of this seems to be a strategy for chaos and disaster. Nevertheless, it works. The Impact of the Semco Management Model on the Human Resource Management Function in Medium-to-Large Organizations The Semco management model can offer employees the absence of everything they are so tired of at work. No overloaded schedule and working from nine to five. No five-day workweek and a certain amount of vacation. How many employees hate Sundays evenings only because on Mondays they return to the same routine? Semco S.A. does not have any routine. People work there not because they have to work but because they love what they do. They are provided with flexibility and possibility to innovate. They are treated respectfully. Additionally, they can choose their own salaries, which solves another significant problem of HR management. Therefore, that is not surprising that the Semco management model not only attracts the best candidates but also helps to retain the talents within the organization. According to Maresco and York, the annual turnover in Semco S.A. is less than 1%, which is twenty times less than in other organization in the same industry (2). All of this would be especially useful for medium and large organizations since they usually forget about the interests of their employees and focus on the goals of business only. Nevertheless, no matter how well it all sounds, it is not so easy to implement. As for Ricardo Semler, those changes cost him huge efforts and even problems with his health. His doctor told him that he had “the highest level of stress the doctor had ever seen in a twenty-five year old” (“Lessons from Semco” par. 11). Besides, to achieve the goal, not only the right leader is necessary but right followers as well. None of the things discussed above is easy to do. But in the case of success, a significant breakthrough will follow. Works Cited Andrewartha, Jeanee. Ricardo Semler – Seven Day Weekend . 2012. Web. Baumgartner, Peter. 4 Reasons You Should Let Your Team Set its Salaries . 2013. Web. Lessons from Semco on Structure, Growth and Change . 2005. Web. Maresco, Peter A. and Christopher C. York. Ricardo Semler: Creating Organizational Change Through Employee Empowered Leadership . n.d. PDF file. Web. Mullins, Laurie J. Management and Organisational Behaviour . 8th ed. 2007. Harlow, England: Pearson Education. Print. Semco – Insanity That Works . 2014. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Issues in Menopause Analysis Essay The transition from a woman’s reproductive to post-reproductive years is not only a natural part of life for most women (Tiran, 2001), but indicates a significant period bearing in mind that women now, more than ever, spend one-third of their lifetimes in a postmenopausal state (Munson, 2011). The present paper aims to discuss some underlying issues related to menopause, including symptoms, causes, complications, diagnosis, treatment, lifestyle changes and natural remedies to menopause. Menopause can be traced back to the perimenopause period, where women’s ovaries generation of hormones estrogen and progesterone becomes unpredictable. Due to the variable nature of the hormones, women in their late forties begin experiencing menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and sleep disturbances. These symptoms are largely caused by the erratic nature of estrogen and progesterone as both hormones are critical in regulating body temperature and sustaining the vaginal lining (Tiran, 2001) Available literature demonstrates that menopause heralds a new era of health complications for women. Not only do systems and tissues that traditionally relied partly on estrogen for optimal functioning begin to malfunction, leading to potential urinary tract infections, but bone mineralization slows down and the risk of developing osteoporosis increases (Tiran, 2001). Mikkelsen et al (2007) note that “…early onset of menopause is a risk factor of osteoporosis and death from ischemic heart disease, although it seems to protect against breast cancer” (p. 2). Additionally, as demonstrated by Tiran (2001), researchers are on the verge of validating if menopausal effects are related to the probability of developing colon cancer and Alzheimer’s disease among women. Some home-based kits can be used to test the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and bone mineral density levels A woman is diagnosed as postmenopausal when she goes for 12 months without receiving her menstrual flow (Hickey et al., 2008), and when these tests demonstrate symptoms for perimenopause and menopause as described above (Sahin et al., 2011). Health-related literature demonstrates that women can successfully tackle the symptoms and health challenges related to menopause through estrogen supplementation in a procedure known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (Hickey et al., 2008). However, most women maintain that the therapy “…implies that postmenopausal women are deficient in a necessary substance and that midlife is a disease state rather than a normal life passage” (Tiran, 2001, p. 6). Indeed, a strand of existing literature (e.g., Ewies & Alfharly, 2010; Tiran, 2001; Warren, 2010) demonstrates that HRT causes negative side effects on women, including breast pain, bloating and intense headaches. More importantly, the therapy has been linked to serious health issues, including increased risk of developing breast cancer, gallstones, and deep vein blood clots among postmenopausal women. Research demonstrates that women can adopt lifestyle changes to either trigger or delay menopause and its effects. Trends demonstrate that “…a higher educational level, being overweight, a moderate intake of alcohol and a higher intake of coffee seems to protect against early menopause” (Mikkelsen et al., 2007, p. 2). On the contrary, some habits such as intense smoking around the onset of menopause serve to occasion early menopause and aggravate symptoms (Sahin et al., 2011). Although the term ‘natural’ is open to varied interpretation, research has demonstrated that some herbal remedies and dietary approaches have been tested in clinical trials and found to be effective in ameliorating the adverse health effects associated with menopause (Tiran, 2001; Hairmou-Kochman et al., 2008 ). Indeed, according to these authors, herbal remedies such as soy, black cohosh, natural progesterone, red clover, ginseng, and evening primrose oil, are effective for menopausal symptoms as they act to counter the effects of erratic estrogen. Reference List Ewies, A.A.A., & Alfharly, F. (2010). Topical vaginal estrogen therapy in managing postmenopausal urinary symptoms: A reality or a gimmick? Climacteric, 13 (5), 405-418. Hairmou-Kochman, R., Brzezinski, A., & Hochner-Celnikier, D. (2008). Herbal remedies for menopausal symptoms: Are we cautious enough? European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 13 (2), 133-137. Hickey, M., Davis, S.R., & Sturdee, D.W. (2008). Treatment of menopausal symptoms: What shall we do now? Lancet, 366 (9483), 409-421. Mikkelsen, T.F., Graff-Iversen, S., Sundby, J., & Bjertness, E. (2007). Early menopause, association with tobacco smoking, coffee consumption and other lifestyle factors: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 7 (1), 149-158. Munson, E. (2011). Significance of the menopause. Practice Nurse, 41 (2), 27-30. Sahin, N.H., Bal, M.D., Boga, N.M., Gokdemirel, S., & Taspinar, A. (2011). Women’s perception of the menopause and hormone treatment: Barriers against hormone therapy. Climacteric, 14 (1), 152-156. Tiran, D. (2001). Natural approaches to menopause. Harvard Women’s Health Watch, 9 (2), 6-7. Warren, M.P. (2010). Hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms: Putting benefits and risks into perspective. Journal of Family Practice, 59 (12), 1-7. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Questions for Bicycle Industry Companies Essay An effective way to delve into a particular business area is to talk to representatives of large companies. An essential part of this process is asking questions that allow drawing the necessary conclusions about the companies’ operations. A few of the best questions to consider are: 1. How do companies present to their target customer? The fact is that creating a bicycle involves design invention, pricing, and raw material selection. For the industry to develop in-demand designs, managers need to anticipate and double down on the needs of potential customers (Mari, 2020). Consequently, such a question would reveal a company’s logic in creating a product. 2. How are the priorities between bike speed and safety? It is essential to understand that the bicycle is a means to get around more quickly and a form of entertainment, for example, for children or adults on a walk (Mari, 2020). Such a question will reveal the weaknesses and strengths of the company’s production. 3. For which country or region are the bicycles mainly produced? The fact is that states have a different cultures of leisure. Bikes, for example, are popular in the Netherlands, America, and Russia (Marqués, 2020). In Austria or Portugal, on the contrary, such transport is not in demand (Marqués, 2020). When analytics discover the answer to this question, they can understand what climatic conditions the industry is focusing on based on the geography of the countries. 4. What materials are used to make bicycles? Today’s world has many counterparts, such as steel, hard plastic, and carbon fiber. Based on the company’s answer, analytics can compare the cost of production and the product’s final price, thereby revealing the industry’s profit. 5. Does the company produce all-purpose bicycles or focus on each type of exploitation separately? Consumers prefer to use bikes for various purposes, from mountain biking to professional sports. By answering this question, analytics can see how well a company uses all possible business areas and whether it can increase its influence. 6. How environmentally friendly is the production facility? The critical point is that several bicycle consumers are eco-friendly (Marqués, 2020). Moreover, in today’s world, the harmfulness of production is an essential criterion for maintaining consumer loyalty (Marqués, 2020). By answering this question, the company can indirectly say to what extent it complies with one of the most critical areas of production optimization. References Mari, C. (2020). A business history of the bicycle industry. Shaping marketing practices . Springer International Publishing. Marqués, R. (2020). An analysis of the role of cycling in sustainable urban mobility. The importance of the bicycle. Cambridge Scholars Publisher. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Benjamin Franklin in the American History Essay Benjamin Franklin is the legendary personality in the American history of the 18 th and 19 th century. He is described as the heroic men who found knee breeches and wigs. Franklin find attraction among millions of people. He is famous for his democratic character and accessibility. The experts often compare this person to Thomas Jefferson and George Washington. However, it is claimed that Franklin was more amiable than the other famous founders. People, who required his help, could always come up to him in the street and ask for advice. Therefore, Benjamin Franklin were extremely approachable, but preserved his aristocratic conduct at the same time. If access George Washington, one can deduce that he was too proud to allow ordinary people addressing him. Consequently, Benjamin Franklin is widely recognized not only as a person, who contributed to the American economy development, but a pleasant and nice person as well (Wood 12). Numerous scientists say that the values of the USA are embodied in Benjamin Franklin. It is considered that common citizens of America often resemble the theorist and founder. His simplicity influenced the community. The experts claim people did not learn so much as they overtook from Benjamin Franklin’s proverbs. It is said that Franklin became successful by developing common conducts. His teachings can be combined with ordinary life. Often, Franklin’s works reveal successes and loses of life (Wood 25). Thus, Franklin is national hero in America. The U.S. national success can be viewed in Benjamin Franklin’s personality. At first, he was an artisan. Franklin shaped himself. His existence falls into the period, when Americans turned from ordinary peoples to prominent and rich citizens. This feature is characteristic for Benjamin. This person knew about all pressures that are peculiar for the U.S. society. That is why, people compare him to them. The work The Way to Wealth that was wrote by Franklin shows his views on society. Thus, he demonstrated how poor citizens can make fortunes and become successful in life. Benjamin illustrates American life in wonderful way. He shows a young man with bread and scientists with a kite that reveal the U.S. history. It makes many experts and scientists to address to him as a “first great American” (Wood 45). In Atlantic Monthly from 1889, Franklin is showed as America itself. Then, he was described as a healthy and happy nation, in which every person is satisfied with life and becomes stronger every day. Americans depict Benjamin Franklin as the one, who possesses all the features peculiar for them. These are smartness, practicality, and common sense. Benjamin Franklin discovered many objects. Among them are famous Franklin stove, bifocals, lighting rod, etc. These instruments became extremely helpful for the American society. He make the houses of the U.S. citizens comfortable. His invention brought light to people and they did not require natural lightening at homes any more. Benjamin Franklin referred people, who were pure and had no opportunities to study. Consequently, he strived to show the global citizens that they are equal. Benjamin made the life of Americans more easy. Moreover, he made a try to address the issues from the daily activities of the citizens as well as political matters. That is why, people from the USA usually call Benjamin Franklin a universal American since he could identify himself both with the citizens of low social classes and rich citizens (Wood 67). The 19 th century identified Benjamin Franklin’s biggest achievements, which entered American history. He was a embodiment of common people, but at the same time Franklin was showed as an unreal human, who overtaken all the positive characteristics of the world citizens. In his view, the USA was a place for innovations. For him, America was a country of making money and succeed in everything. He matched America to the opinions of immigrants and showed its typical features. Franklin always considered that people, who working hard enough, can reach success in the U.S. There was no one in America who would protect this opinion more fiercely. Besides, he also defended American position in many international missions. He used to speak on America’s participance in French and Indian War. Benjamin was also an Ambassador to France. Consequently, he is said to start the international relations of America. Also, he connected the USA to Great Britain by finding a new route to this land. It helped America to improve its economic situation (Wood 113). As the revolution came, Franklin started new public relational policy. Besides, he initiated many expeditions to partner countries and worked to eradicate propaganda. American philosophy is better understood if one reviews the life history of Benjamin Franklin. This person did not only improved the relations inside America, but also addressed such issues as global equality and develop the international relations between the USA and the rest of the world. In spite of other famous founders of America, Franklin communicate well with the citizens and improved democracy in the country. Moreover, he was like to associate with immigrants, who settle in America. Franklin’s discoveries made the process of American industrialization quicker and more efficient after the revolution. Finally, he supported diplomatic relations with other countries. Benjamin Franklin is “ideal” American. References Wood, Gordon S. The Americanization of Benjamin Franklin . New York: Penguin, 2004. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development in Justice System Research Paper People should conform to the norms of ethics to create a world of equality where every person could feel secure and happy. In some professions, ethical requirements are higher than in others since they presuppose close cooperation with people and can impact these people’s lives greatly. It is vital to organize an ethical approach to the profession in law enforcement officers so that they could perform their duties without any biases or prejudices. Three Levels of Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development Kohlberg’s stage theory of moral development is based on Piaget’s psychological theory and presupposes that people are driven by the intent-based concept of morality (Cushman, Sheketoff, Wharton, & Carey, 2013). Kohlberg identifies three levels of moral development: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional. At the pre-conventional level, the sense of morality is controlled by external forces. People obey the authority rules, and they evaluate actions by their outcomes (Skisland, Bjørnestad, & Söderhamn, 2012). At the conventional level, the individuals’ sense of morality is closely associated with the approval from society. At the post-conventional level, there is a combination of ethical principles and personal evaluation of their morality (Skisland et al., 2012). To address these levels within my department, I will use moral dilemmas. Such an approach will help me to identify what level of moral development the law enforcement officers have. Kohlberg’s stage theory presupposes that people can develop either personally or with the help of educational interventions (Skisland et al., 2012). Therefore, if I find out that some employees do not have sufficient moral development, I will introduce learning programs to help them. The Use of Kohlberg’s Stages in the Evaluation of Three Types of Criminals Law enforcement officers can apply Kohlberg’s theory to evaluate criminals. For instance, juvenile delinquents are usually driven by stage 1 or 2 (pre-conventional level). Thus, the officers might understand the reasoning of young criminals based on the established rules in which the latter beliefs. Burglars, whose predominant level of morality is conventional, tend to consider the opinion of the society on their actions. The law enforcement officers may use this attitude to explain to these criminals that their behavior is highly disapproved by the citizens. The financial fraudster is governed by the post-conventional way of thinking. These criminals decide what is good and what is bad based on a combination of their personal beliefs as the established moral principles. For instance, such criminals may choose to steal some money from a bank with the help of financial machinations because they believe that the state has treated them unfairly. For such cases, law enforcement officers should educate the citizens about the consequences of such actions. People should be instructed that no matter how fair or unfair they consider the laws, they will be inevitably punished for breaking them. Ways of Addressing Self-Interest and Pursuit of Pleasure to Avoid Police Corruption The first way of addressing self-interest is organizing promotional programs in which the officers would realize the importance of their job and its dignity. The second method is allowing the employees to take part in the decision-making process, which would make them feel satisfied with the authorities’ appraisal of their opinions. The third approach to preventing corruption is a regular initiation of educational programs and interventions to make the officers feel interested in and proud of their work. Three Prima Facie Duties to Be Fulfilled by Law Enforcement Officers The three most crucial duties for law enforcement officers are justice, harm-prevention, and nonmaleficence. I believe all officers should fulfill these obligations since their primary task is to organize a society based on justice and equality. Officers should take care of preventing harm and do their best to help the citizens maintain their health and happiness. Conclusion Ethical norms are necessary to be followed by every person. The law enforcement officers’ duty is to educate the citizens about these norms and to correspond to them as well. Kohlberg’s stages of moral development help to identify the problems and find solutions to them. References Cushman, F., Sheketoff, R., Wharton, S., & Carey, S. (2013). The development of intent-based moral judgment. Cognition, 127(1), 6-21. Skisland, A., Bjørnestad, J. O., & Söderhamn, O. (2012). Construction and testing of the moral development scale for professionals (MDSP). Nurse Education Today, 32(2), 255-260. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Constructivist Learning Theory Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Qualities of Constructivist Learning 3. Process Approach on Constructivist Learning 4. Control of Constructivist Learning 5. Conclusion 6. Recommendations 7. References Introduction Constructivist theory is the theoretical structure of the active learning practice which involves use of either present or precedent knowledge in the structure of new ideas. The learner is therefore supposed to select the best already existing information, look for the means of transforming it, he should then structure hypothesis, followed by decision making while relying on the reasoning which is guided by the cognitive structure. Cognitive structure gives a wide meaning and systematic consideration of the experiences hence the judgment is based beyond just the existing or historical information. Constructive theory demands that the learners should be in a position to discover principles on their own an act which should be emphasized by the instructor (Maypole & Davies, 2001). Qualities of Constructivist Learning Qualities exhibited in constructivist learning are quite different from that belong to the learning which involves direct instructions. Learners through use of small groups, integrate the continuing experiences through dialogue thus encouraging negotiations. These negotiations are guided by the constructivist teacher thus structuring of the learning lessons. There is high level of democracy which is involved as the students interact. Learners are engrossed on meaningful inquiry, imaginations, reasoning and personal reflections (Gagnon & Collay, 2006). This kind of learning provides diverse interpretations of different questions from the diverse understandings. There is usage of preceding experiences which are reformed on new interpretations. Process Approach on Constructivist Learning The process approach involves a definite focus on ways needed for the students to generate good result rather than putting into considerations of the main features of the final product. The contents involved in the process give the students opportunities to explore new ideas. These ideas are then allowed to build up into the mind of the students where students make some hypothesis concerning the ideas. In the attempts of the students defending their hypothesis, complex thinking is involved which results into quality new ideas. Control of Constructivist Learning The full control on constructivist learning is shared between the students and teachers. The constructivist teacher therefore empowers the students where they feel free as they ask questions during the learning process getting hold of their consciousness and dominating their thinking. The exercise of asking questions is power by itself which is never manipulated or being forced by the teacher but he instead uses indirect control. These questions must however be within specified parameters which are done by their teachers in reverence to the learning context. Power sharing improves student-teacher’s relationship thus thriving in learning activities (Orlich, Harder, Callahan, Trevisan, & Brown, 2009). Conclusion Constructivist learning cultivates decisive judgment where learners become active which is a sign of motivation to the entire learning process. There is an acknowledgement of the importance human occurrences and understanding in the learning process. Active learners’ participation through teachers’ empowerment promotes responsible decision making where the teachers’ center of attention is based on the students learning as opposed glory on the performance of the teachers. When the teacher-student relationship is improved, the students are able to acquire mentoring which is a vital requirement in the learning process (Gagnon & Collay, 2006). Recommendations Constructivist theory yields better results thus it is needful if it were incorporated in the school curriculum. Teachers should therefore create some learning environments where students are in positions to develop and make use of their knowledge. The approach should therefore be used so as to create students who are self-directed, curious scholarly thinkers by development of questions explore and examination of various experiences thus making judgmental reasoning. References Gagnon, G. W., & Collay, M. (2006). Constructivist learning design: key questions for teaching to standards. Nwe York: Corwin Press. Maypole, J., & Davies, T. G. (2001). Students’ perceptions of constructivist learning in a community college American History II survey course . Web. Orlich, D. C., Harder, R. J., Callahan, R. C., Trevisan, M. S., & Brown, A. H. (2009). Teaching Strategies: A Guide to Effective Instruction. London: Cengage Learning. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Meech Lake Accord Negotiations Essay The Meech Lake accord was an agreement signed between the government of Canada and representatives of Quebec province in 1987. According to Barker (1), the main objective of the agreement was that Quebec province wanted the government of Canada to delegate to it the responsibility to control the reception and the integration of all the immigrants that come to settle in the province of Quebec. The accord was brought in so as to address the needs of Quebec province which did not ratify the first constitutional act of 1982 since the province claimed that it did not address the interests of the province. The five principle demands of Quebec province that it needed to be satisfied before it could sign the accord were: * A constitutional veto which could make possible for a province to bloc any constitutional amendment * The recognition of Quebec province as a distinct entity * The right to grant provinces to present lists of people to be appointed as judges of supreme court * The right to limit federal spending power, i.e. the allowance of every province to withdraw from the national program and to be given powers to create their own federal monies. * That Quebec province is given autonomy and control over matters of immigration. Main Analysis and Critique This accord was ratified by eight of the ten provincial legislatures; it was rejected by the province of aboriginal and newfound land. These demands by Quebec province were so unrealistic since they did not factor in the needs, the opinions and the considerations of other provinces. This made the accord destined for failure of implementation. The implementation of the accord was given a grace period of 3 years until 1990 so as to allow for public debate and the scrutiny of the accord. Majority of the public were ignorant of the accord and still were not aware of it after the collapse of the accord. The Meech accord is still an important event in the history of Canada despite its failure (1). The failure to achieve the signature of two most influential and powerful provinces so as to enable for the adoption of the accord meant that the province of Quebec was still out of the federal constitutional framework and this cast its future in Canada into doubt because as the second largest province it has not yet signed the constitution. The failure of the accord revealed an unstable foundation of Canada’s political structure. The sharp divisions between regions in Canada could inevitably make it impossible and unrealistic to achieve ratification of the accord by all the ten provinces. Since the accord was occasioned by failure of the Fifth Amendment to the constitution which sought only the recognition of Quebec province as an independent province, it was considered retrogressive in form especially in the era of post -charter since it sought to perpetuate the archaic practice in Canadian politics of recognizing only two of the historic groups of Canada. The Meech accord elicited some popular criticism both of process and criticisms of substance. The constitutional amendment to the constitution through the accord was unwarranted and unacceptable due to the fact that the charter of rights and the formula of amending it had been ratified by Quebec province. This charter was to unite all the Canadians. The charter gave leverage to the minority and the marginalized to have a say in the constitutional debate. The accord was considered a threat to the national unity by yielding to sectarian demands while ignoring majority say. As Esselment (2) remarks, the controversial clause that led to the failure of the implementation of the accord was the clause that demanded the recognition of Quebec province as a distinct society. This was by fact considered impractical in country with two main societies: the French speaking society centered in Quebec province and the English speaking society that populate the areas outside Quebec province. Consequently, the accord was considered a fury and angered the aboriginal group and other ethno cultural minorities since they saw the accord as a plot to marginalize them and to leave them outside Canada. The accord discredited the founding nations of Canada and hence it was termed as detrimental. The two provinces which failed to ratify the accord were interested in amendments to the accord that could safeguard the following three fundamental aspects of the Canadian country, these are: the charter rights, ethno cultural diversity and the equality of all the provinces failure of which it could lead to the destruction of the nation. Whereas Quebec province might consider the failure of the accord as a betrayal by the English-speaking society, it may not hold water since it should be remembered that no province rejected the accord only that there were reservations raised by some provinces which required to be addressed so as to make the accord conform with the charter rights. The rejection of the accord served to foster the traditional nationalism in Canada. Conclusion There still exists a looming shadow of Quebec province regarding the ability of Canada to reconstitute itself. The failure of the accord brought to the fore the reality that any constitutional change should capture the multicultural aspect of Canada, the Quebec province, the English-speaking Canada and the indigenous population. References 1. Barker F. Learning to be a majority: negotiating immigration, integration and national membership in Quebec. Political Science. 2010;62(1):11-36. 2. Esselment AL. A little help from my friends: the partisan factor and intergovernmental negotiations in Canada. Publius: The Journal of Federalism. 2013;43(4):701-727. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Ethics and Deception in Psychological Research Research Paper Table of Contents 1. The Definition of Ethics 2. The Concept of Risk/Benefit Ratio 3. Deception in Research 4. The Impact of Deception in Research on Psychological Research 5. References The Definition of Ethics Ethics refers to the fundamental and crucial doctrines relating to human conduct. Generally, it is a wide field of study that entails the analysis of common and collective values. The concerned values include issues of human rights, equality, adherence to certain laws, and concerns for human well-being and health (Singer, 2008). From this definition, it encompasses a wide array of human processes. Alternatively, ethics has been defined as a branch of the discipline that relates to an appropriate and rational course of activity for humans. It can be concluded that ethics is the examination of the right or wrong within human activities. It is a criterion through which man can classify his principles and practice them. Comprehensively, it is imperative to understand the aspects of research and other relevant provisions in the entire contexts. The Concept of Risk/Benefit Ratio Normally, the risk-benefit ratio has been applicable in medicine and related empirical processes, mostly involving drug administration investigations (Emanuel, 2008). It refers to the deliberation on whether a particular medical process is posing risks to patients. The risk may be termed as the likelihood of a physical, mental, social, or fiscal harm transpiring due to participation within any research. On the other hand, benefit relates to the capacity of a given study to improve a specific complication and treat a particular illness. In clinical medicine research, results might never be guaranteed. However, through this concept, either a benefit or probable risk might be a considerable expectation. While employing the concept of risk-benefit, it is important to stress that the researcher should often differentiate between the study and treatment. Additionally, the investigator must not entice the patient to take part in the promises of remission or healing. The institutional review board (IRB) is principally charged with the obligation to identify risk-benefit ration in clinical investigations (Emanuel, 2008). In conducting this role, the IRB ensures that physical risks are never inconsistent with the benefits. Deception in Research In cases where the study designs dictate certain facts hidden from participants, an important reason should be provided. This is because such instances breach the research ethics’ stipulations, especially for the informed consent provisions (DeRenzo & Moss, 2006). Therefore, it is critical to observe certain frameworks before the commencement of such researches. Studies entailing deception have to be reviewed fully. In situations of risks, deception must not be applied. Issues of informed consent must be critically regarded during researches that involve deception. The debriefing of the entire participating group regarding the study is critical. Apart from keeping the deception to a minor level, care must be taken to enhance the participants’ well-being in the course of the research. This is quite critical when considered critically in the context of deception. The Impact of Deception in Research on Psychological Research Deception has considerable influences or effects on psychological investigations. Observably, deception can draw both sentimental and cognitive questions capable of interrupting the psychological and experimental control (Breakwell, 2007). Additionally, it might cause suspicion with a consequential change in the behavioral responses. Furthermore, it may also spill into future experiments (Shaughnessy, Zechmeister & Zechmeister, 2012). This might elicit fears of more deceits, as indicated earlier. Sincerity and transparency are critical provisions to be observed in this context. Therefore, it can be concluded that deception has considerable implications for psychological research. References Breakwell, G. (2007). Research methods in psychology . Los Angeles, CA: SAGE-Publ. DeRenzo, E. & Moss, J. (2006). Writing clinical research protocols: Ethical considerations . Burlington, MA: Elsevier Academic. Emanuel, E. (2008). The Oxford textbook of clinical research ethics . Oxford: Oxford University Press. Shaughnessy, J., Zechmeister, E. & Zechmeister, J. (2012). Research methods in psychology . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Singer, P. (2008). Practical ethics . Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
A Veterans Affairs Healthcare Program to Deliver Hospital Care in the Home Essay (Article Review) The study by Mader et al (2008) focused on analyzing the provision of healthcare services for the elderly in-home settings. Such options were evaluated as an alternative for hospital care, justified by such factors as reducing complications, increased satisfaction, and reduced costs. The article focused on the practical implementation of such an option, transitioning from research setting to a non-research clinical care model. The implementation focused on several aspects including eliminating the age limit, the diagnosis criteria, the physicians’ qualifications criteria, and others. The results showed significant benefits of the real implementation of the program. The main benefit can be seen in that the patients, regardless of their age are more willing to stay at home than in a hospital setting to receive care. Thus, such factors might indicate better satisfaction of the patient and the caregiver, as well as less stress. Accordingly, there were several benefits for the health system as well including the reduction of pressure on hospitals, as a result of early discharge. The article generally, concluded that despite a few limitations, Hospital at Home (HaH) “for selected patients with selected acute medical conditions is a safe and efficacious model of care” (Mader et al., 2008, p. 2321). Analyzing the article, it can be stated that the main idea of providing healthcare service in home settings is beneficial in many aspects. Generally, it is agreed that most people prefer to receive care in settings familiar to them. The latter is specifically important to those with cases of chronic diseases. In that regard, feeling comfortable in a familiar setting is a factor in itself significant to reducing overall anxiety and stress for elderly patients. The idea of preventive care is especially important, as it might help to increase the efficiency of service delivery, although it might require additional research to clarify the costs differences; according to the study, there were no significant differences found. As for the study In Mader et al (2008), the limitations in the study might prevent the generalization of the described case to other settings. Accordingly, the absence of age limitations might imply a vast span in the age of the patients. Generally, it can be concluded that home care is a beneficial service, whether on-demand or as a preventive measure, especially for the elderly. References Mader, S. L., Medcraft, M. C., Joseph, C., Jenkins, K. L., Benton, N., Chapman, K.,… Schutzer, W. (2008). Program at Home: A Veterans Affairs Healthcare Program to Deliver Hospital Care in the Home. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 56 (12), 2317-2322. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Group Influence as a Social Psychology Issue Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Positive Effect 3. Negative Influence 4. Conclusion 5. Reference Introduction People’s behavior and opinions can be affected by other individuals, mainly if they belong to the same company. Group influence is a phenomenon that occurs when most persons in a group are constantly interacting to affect the attitudes and conduct of others in that team. Groups have many different forms, including family, friends, work, socializing, and more. Teams use their shared beliefs and experiences to strengthen the group, which can be positive or negative. It is important to review my experience and indicate how the group influence has impacted me. Positive Effect Individuals who work in social groups have a better chance of achieving improved results than if they operated separately. Accordingly, Triplett indicated that functioning in a group even causes a certain amount of competition, giving the example of bicycle riders (Myers & Twenge, 2019). In other words, they were faster and more efficient when they rode in a team than when they were alone. Subsequent experiments have proven that people in a group are faster at performing mental activities, such as mathematical assignments. It should be pointed out that my experience also supports this concept. When I do my homework with friends, there is a discussion, and everyone wants to express the proper and best idea. Consequently, I work more quickly and intensively, which leads to positive results. At the time when I practiced this kind of homework, my grades improved, not only for the task I completed but also for my work in class. Robert Zajonc attributed this phenomenon to the fact that the excitement generated by competition stimulates brain performance (Myers & Twenge, 2019). Therefore, it is effective for me to work in a group to maintain an atmosphere of tension that enables me to reach my maximum potential and the class. Negative Influence A person can regulate and control his/her own behavior and actions due to his knowledge of himself and his moral, mental, and physical powers. This is where the significant role of consciousness is discovered because it has a considerable impact on the activity and life of each individual. Therefore, it is essential to determine how a group impacts people’s minds and desires. Some theories argue that a powerful collective effect has a negative impact on an individual’s self-awareness (Myers& Twenge, 2019). Thus, human beings who cannot assert their own judgment are subjected to the desires and authorities of the stronger team members. I have my own negative experience; a few months ago, my acquaintances organized a party, and I was invited. I knew a few of my friends there, and other people were strangers. It is worth noting that there were fifteen persons in the house and several of them, who have leadership abilities, started influencing the others. They suggested drinking more alcohol and setting the music louder, and the other people followed their lead. On the other hand, I expressed my own views, saying that I would not drink anymore and that I could not make the music louder in order not to disturb the neighbors. Accordingly, I did not submit to the pressure and authority of the group but was capable of clearly expressing my vision of the situation. The other members of the party had a low self-awareness and were willing to the negative impact. Conclusion Hence, group influence is an interesting phenomenon because it can have both negative and positive effects. Group spirit and competition can encourage team members to join together to achieve a better result or strain their brains to express excellent ideas to others. Thus, it contributes to effectiveness in many areas, such as sports or learning. Although group effect has negative consequences for people easily influenced by others, they generally have low self-awareness. Unfortunately, problems and unpleasant situations often arise in such cases. Therefore, group impact is multi-faceted, from which only the positive aspects that will motivate to develop should be chosen. Reference Myers, D., & Twenge, J. (2019). Loose-leaf for social psychology . McGraw Hill Education. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Medical Coding Role in Healthcare System Essay In the framework of coding and billing prospects, it is possible to point out a series of trends that are likely to influence these fields in the nearest future. It is necessary to note that the majority of transformations that take place in the relevant field are connected with the progress in the technology and innovation market. Therefore, the development of new computer systems and software performs a significant contribution to the solutions of the most critical problems. First, and foremost, it is essential to focus on the changes implemented in the code set of the American Medical Association’s Current Procedural Terminology. Although this set has already overcome significant transformations within the past decade, it seems that the reformation progress is still in progress. According to the experts’ assumptions, more than thirty-five new codes in the oncology field are likely to be introduced next year. Meanwhile, the changes in this sphere are not an innovation, and the medical workers have already managed to get used to them. The idea of pairing codes has been widely discussed by various health care organizations. For instance, the American Medical Association’s Relativity Assessment Workshop put a request for uniting codes in groups of two and three last year (Hoyt and Yoshihashi, 107). The relevant change is supposed to have positive outcomes as it simplifies the set of codes, by uniting them in groups. Secondly, the transition from the ICD-9 to the ICD-10 coding system is also apt to have a positive impact on the healthcare field in general. Some organizations currently report the shortage of high-quality professionals in the coding field. The ICD-10 coding system is specifically designed to eliminate the biases and discrepancies that exist in the system, making it more systematic and consistent. Therefore, many specialists believe that the employment opportunities in the relevant field can grow significantly due to the switch from the ICD-9 to the ICD-10 (Beik, 82). However, this switch will touch upon not only employees but all the groups of stakeholders, including healthcare providers, payers, software vendors, and third-party billing services. Lastly, the implementation of the Affordable Care Act is also expected to bring productive results in the nearest future. The relevant measure is primarily aimed at increasing the accuracy and timeless of payments as well as following strict standards in records and documentation. The target of implementing the measure resides in enabling insurance companies to keep track of the procedures their customer undergoes in the course of treatment. Therefore, the outcomes of this intervention are likely to be positive for all groups of stakeholders including patients, health care workers that receive a precise framework for operating, and insurance companies. On the whole, medical billers and coders are expected to continue to assist the US healthcare system in reducing expenses, improving the quality patient care services and carrying out effective performance. The outcomes of the changes in this field are generally positive, although they will require healthcare workers extra effort to adapt to the new conditions and regulations. Works Cited Beik, Janet. Health Insurance Today: A Practical Approach Informatics: Practical Guide for Healthcare and Information Technology Professionals , Saint Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Health Sciences, 2014. Print. Hoyt, Robert, and Ann Yoshihashi. Health Informatics: Practical Guide for Healthcare and Information Technology Professionals , Montreal: McGill-Queen’s Press, 2014. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
What is the Socratic Method? Essay The Socratic Method is also referred to as the Method of Elenchus or the Socratic Debate. This method drew its name after the Greek philosopher Socrates. It is a type of philosophical inquiry wherein the impact of other’s stance on various is explored to give way to rational thinking and illuminate ideas. The discussion often involves various participants contradicting each other and themselves at times. The mere purpose is to give even more authority to the inquirer’s point. It was after his friend from youth Chaerpon paid a visit to the Oracle of Delphi and deemed Socrates as the wisest man in Athens did he began to involve himself in such discussions with his other fellow Athenians. Socrates felt the paradox and continued to use his Socratic approach to find an answer to his conundrum. Plato took the plunge later and re-created the Socratic Elenctic style in prose. He presented Socrates as some inquisitive questioner of a famous Athenian interlocutor. Plato’s early dialogues for instance the Euthophyro and Ion have successfully incorporated the “Socratic dialogues”. The questions show Socrates applying his method as he questioned fellow Athenians about epistemological and moral issues. (Jaratt) Generally speaking, the term “Socratic Questioning” is indicative of a type of questioning in which each question is answered as if it were the answer itself. This gives way to the first questioner to rephrase his question from a different perspective keeping into account the progress of the discourse. Enkhos which is also referred to as “cross-examination” as indicative of refutation stands central to the Socratic Method. “If you ask a question or series of questions in which your prospect can readily agree, and then ask a concluding question based on those agreements, you will receive a desirable response”. According to Plato, the elenchos was the technique Socrates applied to investigate in his quest to find answers to numerous ethical concepts such as justice or virtue. As per Vlastos, the Socrates method follows these steps: 1. The interlocutor puts forward a thesis for instance “Courage is endurance of the soul”. Socrates would treat it as false and target it for refutation. 2. Socrates claims his point as he argues along while the interlocutor agrees. This results in further evaluation of the claim and eventually leads to a thesis that is contrary to the first one “courage is not endurance of the soul” in our case. 3. This is followed by Socrates’ claim that the thesis put forward by the interlocutor is false while its contrary claim is true. Thus in this way a comprehensive, critical examination quest is set forth producing more refined answers. Normally Socratic inquiries are regarded to be a part of a series of innumerable even chai and end up typically in aporia. (Eliyahu M. Goldratt) Thus, the Socratic method is a negative method of evaluation in which a better hypothesis is structured after refuting the initial ones, eliminating any that are contradictory, and constructing proper hypotheses. The method pursued, is ergo a quest to look for axioms, assumptions, or hypotheses, scrutinize them, and follow a theory found that would be consistent with one’s beliefs. In its most basic form, a series of questions formulated for instance the tests of logic and fact which are aimed at exploring various beliefs associated with the topic. Bibliography Eliyahu M. Goldratt. It’s not Luck,. n.d. Jaratt, Susan. Rereading the Sophists:Classical Rhetoric Refigured. Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 1991. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Positivist and Constructivist Paradigm Essay Qualitative research resolves issues using numeric valuations, and it has acquired prominence with time due to its simplicity to embrace standard ways to conduct research. Constructivists’ way of solving problems has dominated qualitative research because paradigms pursue to comprehend a phenomenon from the participants’ understanding using different information collecting agents. Constructivists also think that there is a significant difference between qualitative and quantitative studies. Like qualitative researchers, constructivists affirm that reality is precise since it is from one’s perspectives of participants included in the investigation (Mwaka et al., 2021). Examination techniques for constructivists comprise expressive, grounded, and phenomenological studies. Moreover, the time spent in comprehending the occurrence under investigation is a common and unique feature among these methods. Before each research, constructivists engage instructional policies that guide their teaching and learning process. A constructivist instructor plays various roles such as coaching and being a consultant so that the most crucial objective of helping a learner as an influential thinker is achieved. Positivists on their part argue that the sole purpose of research is the explanation, details, or the outcomes. According to them, social reality suggests that practical realities occur relative to personal ideas or views, and they are directed by rules of basis and effects. Positivists’ position upholds that scientific understanding comprises of facts while its ontology reflects reality as free of social construction (Bertea, 2020). They also claim that observation and reason are the best ways of comprehending human behavior. Additionally, true information is built on familiarity of senses and can be acquired by scrutiny and testing. As a result, I have to say that my worldview is more similar to the constructivist paradigm, because constructivism, as a framework, holds that learning is a lifelong developmental procedure, and the learner is a creator of information. Therefore, as a professional, creating or generating qualitative understandings of objective reality is of great importance to one’s occupation. Moreover, any career critical theory is all about importance, or to be more specific, power and policy-making (Bertea, 2020). Hence, to complete the task of improving professional nursing exercise, a fundamental, integrated comprehension of the paradigms being used for clinical inquiry is required. References Mwaka, E., Sebatta, D., Ochieng, J., Munabi, I., Bagenda, G., Ainembabazi, D., & Kaawa-Mafigiri, D. (2021). Researchers’ perspectives on the return of individual genetics result to research participants: A qualitative study. Global Bioethics , 32 (1), 15-33. Web. Bertea, S. (2020). Two kinds of normativity. In G. Pino, Contemporary Perspectives on Legal Obligation (1st ed.). Routledge. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. The subject of the article 3. Evaluation 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Introduction The hegemony is the concept used in History and Political Sciences. The understanding of the term requires the review of the historians and political scientists’ work on the topic. The aim of this essay is to analyze the article On Hegemony and Direct Rule by Antonio Gramsci. The subject of the article The article On Hegemony and Direct Rule by Antonio Gramsci is devoted to the concept of hegemony in the context of social stratification. There are different views on the meaning of the term. Some scholars argue that it is “clear, acknowledged leadership by one within a community of units not under a single authority” (Scheidel 4). Others consider this concept in the context of the policy of the state. It is claimed that Immanuel Wallerstein gives the strongest definition of the term (Scheidel 4). According to him, hegemony is “a situation in which one state is able to impose its set of rules on the interstate system, and thereby creates temporarily a new political order” (Scheidel 4). Wallerstein explains that this state gains advantages from political pressure (Scheidel 4). In contrast to these opinions, Gramsci explains the concept from the standpoint of social stratification. He emphasizes that the social structure can be broadly divided into two main substructures: the civil society represented by the private sector and the political society or the State represented by the public sector (Gramsci 39). Gramsci says that the hegemony originates from the State. However, it is the ruling class which exercises it over society (Gramsci 39). The intellectuals are the representatives of the ruling class, which is directed by the State. This ruling class directs the masses. “The “apparatus” of the State legally ensures the discipline of those groups”(Gramsci 39). It means that the State applies a direct rule. It should be emphasized that, under the ruling class, the author understands the group of people controlling the means of production. Evaluation The article On Hegemony and Direct Rule by Antonio Gramsci represents an alternative view on the concept of hegemony. In comparison with the definitions of the concept given by other scholars, the explication presented by Gramsci is focused on the social constituent of the concept. The historians claim that hegemony means the political and ideological pressure of the State. Gramsci broadens this view saying that this pressure is accomplished through the ruling class. The State is in a position to apply the direct rule but the ruling class has the power to direct the masses. Antonio Gramsci is considered to be a follower of Carl Marx. He explains the term of social stratification on the basis of the relative degree of control over the means of production which each social group possesses (Davidson 6). He stresses that the function and awareness of the intellectuals or the ruling class can be determined not only in the economic field but also in the social and political ones (Davidson 6). In my opinion, Antonio Gramsci gives an interesting view on the concept of hegemony. His explication of the term is deeper as he explains how the hegemony of the ruling class is accomplished. Conclusion In order to summarize all above mentioned, it should be said that the article On Hegemony and Direct Rule by Antonio Gramsci uncovers the concept of hegemony from the standpoint of social stratification. According to the view of the author, the hegemony is exercised by the ruling class, whereas the direct rule is applied by the State. Works Cited Davidson, Alastair. “Gramsci, hegemony, and Globalization.” Philippine Journal of Third World Studies 20.2 (2005): 4-36. Print. Gramsci, Antonio. “On Hegemony and Direct Rule.” In Orientalism: A Reader by A. L Macfie. 39-40. New York: New York University Press, 2000. Print. Scheidel, Walter 2006. Republics between hegemony and empire: How ancient city-states built empires and the USA doesn’t (anymore). PDF file. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Pain Management Research Instruments and Analysis Research Paper Extraneous Variables In the course of the study, one will have to consider a range of extraneous variables. The issues that will have to be controlled include the type of medicine that the participants of the research receive as the means of alleviating pain and the individual pain tolerance levels of the target population. For instance, it will be necessary to make sure that all participants should receive the same medicine for alleviating pain. The amount of drug consumed by each of the participants should also be controlled. Furthermore, the individual perception of pain will have to be addressed so that the participants could have a uniform attitude toward their experience. Age and gender should also be viewed as essential extraneous variables; however, unlike the ability to tolerate pain and the amount of medicine consumed by the target population, the said variables cannot be controlled throughout the research (Becker et al., 2014). Instruments Description The instruments used in the course of the study will allow measuring the participants’ pain levels successfully. Seeing that pain tolerance levels are individual in each patient and depend on a range of factors, it will be necessary to make the measurement process as objective as possible. For this purpose, two types of assessments will be combined, i.e., numerical (NRS) and verbal rating scales (VRS). The data will be retrieved from the target population based on the information that they provide verbally, as well as their evaluation of pain levels based on a five-point scale (from tolerable to intolerable). Validity The validity of the instrument will be tested based on the internal structure of the tool. Particularly, it will be necessary to make sure that the outcomes in patients with pain issues should be evaluated objectively and accurately. Therefore, the changes in NRS and VRS will have to be measured to assure that the validity standards should be met and that the tool can be deemed as a representation of the current high-quality pain measurement devices (Dansie & Turk, 2013). Reliability To measure the reliability of the test, one will have to consider its internal consistency (Ravens-Sieberer, Karow, Barthel, & Klasen, 2014). Seeing that the test incorporates the characteristics of two widely acclaimed devices for measuring pain levels in patients, one can posit that the said approach is quite reliable. Using the COSMIN 4-point rating scale, one may also conclude that a combination of the NRS and VRS tools can be considered a rather efficient framework for measuring the patients’ pain levels (Johnson & Smith, 2017). Intervention The use of peer mentoring and self-management as the means of alleviating pain will be utilized as the essential intervention tools. The patients will be provided with detailed instructions about how peer mentoring should be carried out. Furthermore, the participants will be instructed about the ways of managing their pain independently. Thus, further acquisition of the relevant knowledge and skills will be encouraged among the target population (Goldenberg, Payne, Hayes, Zeltzer, & Tsao, 2013). Data Collection The information will be gathered with the help of surveys and interviews. As stressed above, the changes in the pain-related experiences are bound to be very subjective because of the individual perception of pain. Thus, it will be crucial to gather the information that will allow for comparatively objective analysis, and interviews can be viewed as the means of exploring the patients’ in-depth and from the viewpoint of the interviewer. References Becker, W. C., Fraenkel, L., Edelman, E. J., Holt, S. R., Glover, J., Kerns, R. D., & Fiellin, D. A. (2014). Instruments to assess patient-reported safety, efficacy or misuse of current opioid therapy for chronic pain: A systematic review. Pain, 154 (6), 905–916. Web. Dansie, E. J., & Turk, D. C. (2013). Assessment of patients with chronic pain. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 111 (1), 19-25. Web. Goldenberg, D., Payne, A. L., Hayes, L. P., Zeltzer, L. K., & Tsao, J. C. I. (2013). Peer mentorship teaches social tools for pain self-management: A case study. Journal of Pain Management, 6 (1), 61-68. Johnson, A. M., & Smith, S. M. S. (2017). A review of general pain measurement tools and instruments for consideration of use in COPD clinical practice. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 12 , 923–929. Web. Ravens-Sieberer, U., Karow, A., Barthel, D., & Klasen, F. (2014). How to assess quality of life in child and adolescent psychiatry. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 16 (2), 147–158. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Civil War and Reconstruction Research Paper American Civil War is said to have ruined one America and laid the foundation for another the building of which is not complete even now. After the Civil War, the country faced problems in the economy, politics, and social sphere but the changes which occurred during the period of Reconstruction alleviated these problems and influenced positively the overall situation in the country. To begin with, the Civil War entailed the crash of the economy and the depression which followed the Panic of 1873. President Grant and Congress were blamed for mishandling the economy and involving the country in such economic problems as deflation, declining market, and overproduction. In September 1873 Jay Cooke and Company announced its collapse which served as the beginning of the Panic of 1873 since namely this bank financed construction of the railroad in the post-war period. The depression which followed the Panic of 1873 lasted till the end of the decade and resulted in the failure of 10,000 businesses. What’s more, there arose a threat to the normal functioning of agriculture. The abolishment of slavery caused the reduction of the labor force in plantations and the former slaveholders had to hire people to work at plantations. Furthermore, the biggest social problem the South faced after the war was the Ku-Klux-Klan which first started in the southern regions but later acquired the national scope. Since a number of black people were released from slavery, they had to enter the society which, however, strongly opposed it. The members of the Ku-Klux Klan fought for white supremacy intimidating, oppressing, and lynching African-Americans as well as Jews and members of minority groups. Regarding the political problems in the South it was traced that the highest level of government experienced distrust and disagreement while barely surmountable bureaucratic problems brought much of its operations to a near halt (Shannon D. Smith, p. 6). Therefore, it can be stated that the postwar government was marked by its ineffectiveness which could not but influenced greatly the overall position of the Southern regions. Moreover, the existing constitution still did not give black people rights to participate in political activities which they tried to mend by penetrating into different governmental structures. As far as the social changes in the period of Reconstruction are concerned, the Reconstruction marked the revolution for black people. They gained the right to control their schools and churches and an opportunity to improve their own community. The black people could now control their economic and family lives without any intervention of the former slave-holding system. Discussing the economical changes it would be necessary to mention that a proper solution to the agricultural problem was found. There appeared a new method of land lease, namely sharecropping which allowed tenants to use land under the condition that they would share part of their crop. A change in the plantation system of agriculture could be observed which consisted in its replacement by tenant farming which involved “raising crops and livestock on rented land” (World Book, Inc, p. 132). One of the most important political changes was that after the Civil War the black people were permitted to take part in political activities and, according to the 15th Amendment to the Constitution of the US, they were given political rights equal with white people: “State conventions and local political societies such as the Union League provided an opportunity for freedmen to articulate their vision of full participation in the political and economic life of the former slave states (Bruce A. Ragsdale, Joel D. Treese, p. 1). During the Reconstruction period, a certain amount of northerners moved to the South and were given the name carpetbaggers. They formed a coalition with scalawags, a group of white people who lived in the South and were supporters of Reconstruction, and the released slaves, belonging to the Republican Party. This coalition exercised control over the former Confederate states. Thus, the economic, social, and political changes which took place in the South of America at the end of the nineteenth century, namely giving black and white people equal rights, the emergence of sharecropping and tenant farming as well as the coalition formed by carpetbaggers and scalawags alleviated the problems the South faced after the Civil War. References 1. Shannon D. Smith. Give Me Eighty Men: Women and the Myth of the Fetterman Fight. U of Nebraska Press, 2008 2. Bruce A. Ragsdale, Joel D. Treese. Black Americans in Congress, 1870-1989. DIANE Publishing, 1996 3. World Book, Inc. The World Book Encyclopedia. World Book, Inc., 2002 | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Bariatric Surgery Center Opinion Essay The Veteran Health Administration (VHA) requires healthcare providers to inform their patients of any adverse side effects resulting in the course of the care (Pozgar 1). The patient has a right to be informed of any harm associated with surgical procedure and whether the side effects are immediate or come up later on (Pozgar 2). As per the case study of Mrs. Z, the surgeon, who was supposed to advising her on the surgery and its side effects, did not take his duty seriously. Therefore, instead of meeting Mrs. Z and talking to her face to face, he highlighted the benefits and risks of the surgery in writing form. He proceeded to put them on the table and asked a nurse to tell Mrs. Z to read through and sign the consent form. Mrs. Z, on the other side, was in a hurry to pick her children from school and so she signed the consent form but did not read the notes from her surgeon. As a result, some of the crucial considerations, like involving family members, were not discussed. In addition, Mrs. Z had blood pressure and type II diabetes, which were crucial aspects to consider before any surgery should be carried out on her. In this case, the surgeon did not ascertain the clinical adverse effects of the surgery to the patient because he took his duty lightly. These events are therapeutic misadventures, which are directly associated with patient’s care within the jurisdiction of the medical center. For instance, if he had been patient enough, the surgeon could have gathered sufficient information from Mrs. Z regarding her health history. This way, he could have analyzed it exhaustively to determine the best treatment and management for her condition. The Bariatric Surgery Center had the responsibility to convince Mrs. Z, who seemed to be in a hurry, to spare sometime, and have a face-to-face conversation with the surgeon regarding her situation. In the conversation, the surgeon should probe the patient to provide any information that could be critical for the surgery. For instance, the surgeon had to ask Mrs. Z if she was suffering from any ailments. This way, Mrs. Z could have informed the surgeon of her blood pressure and diabetes. During the conversation, the surgeon should also inform Mrs. Z of the requirements of surgery, such as involving family members at her own will. Also, all benefits and risks of the impending surgery should be revealed to the patient beforehand by the surgeon, which he failed to ensure in a proper way. Moreover, the surgeon was obligated to inform Mrs. Z of the legal restrictions on the information sharing. The surgeon should also assure Mrs. Z of confidentiality of any personal information she might disclose to him, and which could be vital in the surgical procedure to be carried on her. There are statutes and regulations of confidentiality, like the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and Privacy Act (US Department of Health and Human Services 4). These acts limit the disclosure of any patient information including his or her personal information records to other medical personnel unless there is an agreement of the patient. The Bariatric Surgery Centre has a poor practice of consenting patients although it is the preference sensitive treatment for obesity patients. The center should adopt the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) directive, which gives exclusive policies pertaining to the disclosure of adverse events, which are related to clinical care, as well as the care given to patients and their personal representatives (US Department of Health and Human Services 20). If the Bariatric Surgery Center adopts these directives, it will be in a position to serve patients like Mrs. Z effectively, putting into consideration all applicable legal and ethical aspects. Works Cited Pozgar, Jones G. Legal Aspects of Health Care Administration . 11th ed. Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2011. Print. US Department of Health and Human Services. Eliminating serious, preventable, and costly medical errors – never events. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 20 Aug. 2007. Web. < https://www.psnet.ahrq.gov/resources/resource/3816 >. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
How does Oedipus exhibit weakness of character? Essay Oedipus, the King of Thebes was married to Jocasta. At the start of the play, he was not aware that he had slept with his mother or that he had murdered his father. Eventually, he came to terms with the fact that he was the one who was betraying his kingdom and felt very guilty, to the extent of blinding himself using a brooch. As a tragic hero, Oedipus had an apparent tragic flaw which resulted into his humiliating and sorrowful fate. Through his pride, he disbelieved the gods and looked after the source of plague rather than his inside self. However, Oedipus tragic flaw was not very evident- since it was reported that his sins took place before the onset of the play. In a vigorous tempter, one of Oedipus’ sinful acts happened when he killed a man in cold blood. Eventually, Oedipus weak character that saw him dismiss Teiresias’ judgment together with the case of the Oracles’ prophesies led to punishment from gods. He suffers because of a blasphemous act which was reported by Sophocles as follows: Ha! O dear Jocasta, why should one believe in prophecies? Why look to the birds screaming overhead. They prophesied that I should kill my father! But he is dead and buried deep in the earth. And I stand here never having raised a hand against him. The oracles, they are worthless (930). In the play, the main character was presented as someone who thought of himself as better than someone else or rather better than something else. When he wanted to make certain decisions, he often committed an error in judgment. These attributes are also known as tragic flaws, which lead to overconfidence, excess pride, and weakness in making verdict. It is such attributes that led Oedipus into self-destruction and downfall. He often plunges himself into situations that he can hardly escape from. Furthermore, when he chooses to get angry, he ends up choosing to kill (Hogan 255). In another incident, Oedipus decides to free from his homeland and deserts his father and mother. He also turns a blind eye to the city and fails to recognize the reality. Incidentally, Oedipus is portrayed as a very tempered character, something that lands him into destruction and downfall. No matter the challenges he undergoes, Oedipus does not seem to be perturbed by his fate. He is instead quick to make unwarranted judgments and is very quick to get angry. He convinces himself that Teiresias is ignorant to the city and lacks feelings. This is evident when he says “Indeed I am angry. You must be a conspirator in the deed. If you had eyes, I would have said that you alone murdered him!” (Sophocles 780). Oedipus is symbolized by the importance of family and governing power. That is actually why he refuses to listen to the prophet Tiresias’ warning, something that made him discover the awful covert that resulted into his blindness, and on the worst, cursing his children. His fate resulted from his adamant silencing of the words of the prophet. His tragic tale shows that his mighty as a king does not elevate him above the gods. Indeed, all his life is full of doom, since the time he killed his father and wedded his mother. He is completely unable to defy his fate and hence unable to succeed in most of what he does. Apparently, Tiresias can be understood as a very righteous character as he is a servant of the gods, and has the ability of seeing what others cannot be able to see. Considering that Oedipus had denied Tiresias prophesy and frustrated his efforts, then it can be concluded that he is the villain in the play. Oedipus is warned by Tiresias, “you are the curse, the corruption of the land” (Sophocles 787). That is how the tragic fate is assigned to Oedipus for his villain character. Oedipus uses his family as the price that occasions his disastrous defiance. In a bid to find out the person who had killed Laius, Oedipus sent his children to disgrace and his wife to grave, though unknowingly. Weber puts forward, “Oedipus Tyrannus reminds us that the family has always been a significant framework more through its fragility than its stability” (par. 1). Oedipus destroyed his own legacy through his mistakes. This is because the society considers continuation of family trees as the developers of legacy. Essentially, it can be argued that it was folly for Oedipus to have ignored the power of Apollo, and worse still, having continued his pursuit unstoppably. After discovering the reality about his complications, Oedipus realized where he had gone wrong. His case was rather a very disturbing twist of fate. Instead of waiting for the gods to punish him, Oedipus demands voluntarily “that he be cast from the city, self-cursed and loathsome to himself, his countrymen, and his family” (Hogan par. 1). The manner in which Oedipus seals his own punishment even after creating his own tragic fate is extremely ironical. Works Cited Hogan, James C. “A Commentary on the plays of Sophocles.” Galileo: University System of Georgia Libraries, GA, 2005. Web.17 Dec 2011. Sophocles. “Oedipus the king” Literature and writing process (2002): 776-818. Print. Weber, Samuel. “Family Scenes: Some Preliminary Remarks on Domesticity and Theatricality.” South Atlantic quarterly, summer 3(1998): 335-66. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Structure of Homeland Security Report Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Same Questions and Different Aspects 3. Subjects in Different Questions 4. Impact on People 5. Conclusion 6. References Introduction The events known as 9/11 occurred 16 years ago, but the Americans still remember the time when so many people lost their lives and homes (Chossudovsky, 2016). Each interview with a person about the outcomes of the reasons for those terrorist attacks turns out to be a challenge because people have to experience those emotions again and think about the transience of life. However, even being so emotionally challenged by the events with a history of more than 15 years, people demonstrate different attitudes to those events, and the concept of “war on terrorism” developed as the main response of the US government. Unfortunately, it is impossible just to stop this kind of war, even if the best practices are taken (Rieff, 2016). Greenslade (2015) admits that new attempts generate more terrorism in different countries. The U.S. response to the 9/11 attacks and the development of new religious practices demonstrate the level of the population’s vulnerability and the inability to predict or even understand the nature of the war on terrorism that has already covered the whole world in several years. Same Questions and Different Aspects The interviews with friends help to clarify several important aspects of the topic “war on terror” and the necessity of the government to take the steps and respond to the attacks. First, there is always a political aspect within the frames of which people have nothing to do but to accept the decisions made by their government. Political concerns and the inabilities consider the needs of all people to promote the development of fears and anger. It is the main ground for the discussions within another aspect that includes personal attitudes and opinions. People understand that the government cannot neglect their duties and organize numerous rescue and recovery operations in order to save people and avoid new destructions. The war on terrorism gained numerous forms such as secret prisons and additional invasions on the Muslim land, and many people could even not know about them. However, it is hard to guess if the decisions made by the government differ from those made by other people to protect their truth. “The number and lethality of terrorist attacks are far likelier to rise than to diminish for the foreseeable future” (Rieff, 2016, para. 8). This truth cannot be neglected. Subjects in Different Questions In the interviews, there were several similar questions in order to help people clarify if they differentiate more and less effective aspects of the U.S. response to the attacks. Besides, certain attention was paid to the question of safety. One of the respondents said that safety was something people could never reach with the help of the government. The point is that “the threat is already inside”, but “nobody wants to hear” (Greenslade, 2015, para. 1). The questions, as well as the answers in the interviews, aim at discussing political, personal, religious, and social subjects in regard to the terrorist attacks that began in 2001. Though it was not the first threat to the American population, it was the first time when it was observed globally because of the number of innocent deaths and damage. It was mentioned correctly that the USA is a melting pot, and the idea to cooperate with different cultures and religions should help the country to enrich its cultural and social lives. However, could it happen that the USA had already made such attempts before and observed no positive results? What makes people think that everything could be changed this time? It seems that the development of the interview and the answers to the questions create new questions and doubts about the conditions under which an ordinary US citizen has to live and deal with the possibility of a terrorist attack threat. Impact on People It is hard to say that some answers changed my mind and attitudes to the conditions under which the US population has to live after the 9/11 attacks. First, it is wrong to believe that the government could protect its people from any kind of threat. Therefore, people understand how fragile their lives actually are. Then, the development of the “war on terrorism” is evidence that cannot be neglected due to the necessity to protect people by any possible means (Greenslade, 2015). Finally, anti-terrorist legislation and improvements have been discussed a lot (Chossudovsky, 2016). People are aware of what they could expect and what rules they have to follow. They cannot forget about religious disparities and the conflicts of interests. Conclusion The feelings and knowledge developed during the interviews impact my understanding of the topic and the decisions that have to be made regularly. It is wrong to say that I was not ready for such answers. Still, these answers helped me to comprehend that there are so many people outside, who continue worrying about various external threats and take their day-to-day actions regarding the possibility of a new attack promoted by a disconcerted person, whose religious or ethical ideas are not supported by the rest of the population. References Chossudovsky, M. (2016). 9/11 and America’s “war on terrorism”. Global Research. Web. Greenslade, R. (2015). Why a ‘war’ on terrorism will generate yet more terrorism. The Guardian. Web. Rieff, D. (2016). The long war on terror. The New York Times . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“My Louisiana Sky” Novel by Kimberly Willis Holt Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction The novel My Louisiana Sky by Kimberly Willis Holt is devoted to the problems of moral choice based on contrasting elements and characters, moral dilemmas and life stories of ordinary citizens in a small town. Tiger Ann lives in a small town, Saitter. Tiger is one of the best students in spite of the fact that both of her parents are mentally ill. her grandmother is one of the best friends her helps and supports her. Tiger does not have many friends except Jesse Wade Thompson. One day, she hopes that Abby Lynn Anders invites her to girls’ parties, but Tiger’s mother behaves inappropriately and Tiger is not invited to this party. When grandmother dies, Tiger is at a loss. Her Aunt, Dorie Kay, who lives in Baton Rouge comes to help her with funerals because her parents are unable to do it. The aunt proposes her to leave this town and start a new life in Baton Rouge. Tiger hesitates for a long time, but during a storm she realizes that she really loves her parents and has to care about them. She decides to stay in this small town. Main body The protagonist of the story is a teenage girl, Tiger. She, a twelve year old girl, lives in a small Louisiana town. She is the foundation and support for her mentally ill parents. She is used to establish significance as a human being and to the audience. Tiger thus articulates his value and notes the real worth beneath the sham presentation. The male world is ungrateful, unappreciative of such contributions; only Tiger understands and values them. Tiger is depicted as hardworking and industrious child: “Tiger, you’re a smart gal when it comes to those books” (79). Tiger is kind and sympathetic character, caring and loving daughter and granddaughter. She has a unique ability to sympathize and understand people, their grievances and life troubles. Her beautiful and pretty aunt Dorie Kay is an antagonist. On the one hand, she tries to help Tiger to escape poverty and routine life in a small town like Saitter. The conflict is based on hesitations and desires of Tiger to start a new life but she cannot leave her mentally ill parents. “If everything went Ok, Baton Rouge was about to become my new home” (153). The main theme is moral values and responsibility of a child to care about ill parents. Conclusion Kimberly Willis Holt uses different stylistic devices but the most impressive ones are speech and the manner of speaking, symbolic details and humor. Speech and the manner of speaking became increasingly important to the author because she found it possible to tell a great deal about characters by carefully recording what they said and how they said it. The settings of the story, a small provincial town, Saitter, are in part primitive, in part degenerated from higher levels. The author finds literary material in culture and education to unveil atmosphere of the town. Baton Rouge can be seen as a symbol of dreams and better life, hopes and changes. The author uses some humorous elements and details to depict settings and situations, characterize characters and their actions. Description of television and other modern conveniences seems humorous for modern readers: Her immediate resources are quick eye and her keen insight into human nature. The story vividly portrays true feelings and moral values of a small girl and her understand of self-identity and importance in life of her parents. Works Cited Holt, K. W. My Louisiana Sky . Yearling, 2000. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Hospital-Acquired Diseases and Infections Case Study Although hospitals offer an environment that is conducive for recovery from illnesses, it is unfortunate that there is a likelihood of contracting some diseases and infections from the settings. A hospital-acquired disease is a type of illness that a person can get in a healthcare environment, for instance, hospitals, nursing homes, or rehabilitation institutions (Khan, Ahmad, & Mehboob, 2015). These types of diseases are also referred to as nosocomial infections. Since the diseases can also be contracted in the course of health service delivery outside a clinical facility, they are sometimes known as healthcare-associated infections. Infection control and management of pathogens responsible for hospital-acquired diseases are vital since they are a threat to the lives of health professionals, patients, and visitors. Blackwell (2015) describes a situation where a Canadian woman had gone to a health care facility for a regular hysterectomy and the removal of an ovary but later succumbed to a belly infection that had advanced to necrotizing fasciitis. She developed the infection after her surgical wound acquired pathogens in the course of her stay in the hospital. It was reported that this was a single case out of 8000 deaths, which occurred in Canada as a result of hospital-acquired infections. Moreover, in the late 2000s, a hospital in Quebec and two in Toronto announced that they had discovered that contaminated sinks were mainly responsible for hospital-acquired infection outbreaks in the regions. National Healthcare Safety Network with the Center for Disease Control (CDC) considers meningitis, gastroenteritis, and infections affecting the urinary tract, surgical/soft tissues, and respiratory system as the most common hospital-acquired illnesses. Nosocomial infections occur as a result of various microbes, of which bacteria account for approximately 90% of all cases of the infections in healthcare settings; protozoans, fungi, and viruses are responsible for the rest of the percentage (Khan et al., 2015). The nosocomial infections causing pathogens can be transmitted from one individual to another either directly through physical contact or indirectly through surfaces, items, and substances that are contaminated. Hospital staff, patients, and people visiting the health facilities are highly vulnerable to the development of hospital-acquired illnesses. Since every medical staff is supposed to be in regular contact or interaction with patients, they are likely to get the infections if the patients that they attend have ailments that can be transmitted from one person to another. Health professionals can acquire infections from patients having pulmonary diseases, needle prick communicable illnesses, or transmissible skin diseases. Additionally, the workers can pick the pathogens responsible for the infections from contaminated medical equipment, surfaces, or air droplets if they do not apply proper hygiene practices. Visitors who come to see patients in health care facilities can also contract the infections if they have skin-to-skin contact with infected patients or when they touch or hold contaminated items and surfaces. All patients admitted or visiting healthcare facilities are also susceptible to hospital-acquired infections, especially elderly patients, those with defective immunity, and the extremely young, such as premature babies. When a medical staff fails to observe proper hygiene, he or she can transmit nosocomial infections from contaminated surfaces, equipment, or themselves to the patients (Khan et al., 2015). The sick people can also contract the infections by coming into direct contact with the skin of a person with any of the infections or contaminated air, surface, and items such as bedding, doors, sink handles, among others. Sometimes the microorganisms responsible for some of the infections can originate from the skin microbiota of a patient after a surgical operation or any other procedure, which interferes with the protective barrier of the body skin. Although the infection forms occur as a result of patients’ skin conditions, they are still considered hospital-acquired since they develop in a healthcare environment. In conclusion, the clinical setting should be the safest place for the well-being of all; patients, visitors, and health professionals. Infection control practices by healthcare personnel can have a considerable impact on the reduction of diseases and deaths. References Blackwell, T. (2015, January 19) Infected and undocumented: Thousands of Canadians dying from hospital-acquired bugs. National Post . Web. Khan, H. A., Ahmad, A., & Mehboob, R. (2015). Nosocomial infections and their control strategies. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine , 5 (7), 509-514. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Non-Adherence of Diabetic to Their Health Care Regimen Research Paper Introduction The first article is an examination of self-care for schoolchildren who suffer from type 1 diabetes (Kelo, Martikainen, & Eriksson, 2011). The study is aimed at finding the possible ways, which can be used to empower foster empowerment through patient education (Kelo et al., 2011). This particular study is exclusively targeting school-aged children who suffer from type 1 diabetes. The second article on the other hand explores ways of improving regimen adherence among adolescents who suffer from type 1 diabetes. The aim of the study was to establish whether domestic psychotherapy could help observance of metabolic management in adolescents (Ellis, Frey, Naar-King, Templin, Cunningham, Cakan, 2005). The third article explores the use of the process-person-context-time model. The research utilized blood as the variable to measure diabetic control. Article 4 on the other hand looks at the relationship between body mass and glycemic control in children and adolescents. The article argues that in an effort to maximize glycemic control, the patient runs the risk of gaining weight hence increasing their body max index BMI . This article is mainly looking at the aftereffects of diabetes treatment adherence. Comparison between the four articles First article The first article concludes that self-care is a learning progression intended to assist school children to adapt to a normal life pattern, achieve independence, and be able to cope (Kelo et al., 2011). The study incorporates knowledge and skills as the main content of self-care in children suffering from type 1 diabetes (Kelo et al., 2011). This article finds the following factors to be dominant in assessing the intensity of self-care for school-going children. These are the nature of the disease and the care thereof, the intensity of the support accessible by the parents, the school environment, the child’s peers, and healthcare service providers (Kelo et al., 2011). The second article The second article has equally the same measure of intensive research on the subject of regimen adherence to home-based psychotherapy (Ellis et al., 2005). Unlike the first article which seeks to come up with ways to empower school-going children to deal with their condition, this article is looking at an already existing program. It looks into the effectiveness of home-based psychotherapy and gives fairly well-documented research results based on quantitative research (Ellis et al., 2005). The article employs statistical analysis in its research. The third The third article explores the use of the process-person-control-time mode in addressing the issue of adherence to the treatment regimen. The length of the article clearly indicates the level of research therein and just like the other two articles, the resources used are credible. Like the other two articles, this article is also concerned with the prevalence of adherence imbalances among adolescents and children suffering from type 1 diabetes. The fourth article Lastly, the fourth article is quite informative especially with the after-effects of the diabetes control regimen. The article brings to our attention the effects that are likely to occur due to the consistent execution of diabetes control programs. Unlike the other three articles, which discuss the adherence of diabetes controls, this article discusses the effects of adhering to the treatment regimen. This article is not very long compared to the rest of the articles a factor that could make it look like it is based on very shallow information. However, the sources are credible. References Ellis, D., Frey, M., Naar-King, S., Templin, T., Cunningham, P., Cakan, N. (2005). Use of Multisystem Therapy to Improve Regimen Adherence among Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes in Chronic Poor Metabolic Control, Diabetes Care, 28 (7), 1604-1610. Kelo, M., Martikainen, M., & Eriksson, E. (2011). Self-care of school-age children with diabetes: an integrative review. Journal of advanced nursing, 67 (10), 2096-2108. F Advanced Nursing Journal of Advanced Nursing Ournal of Advanced Nursing Journal of Advanced Nursing | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Japanese Advertisement and Its Standardization for the US Essay (Critical Writing) Introduction This paper aims to analyze the Japanese advertisement found on the website Ads of the World . This ad promotes a product called “Toilet Quickle Deodorant Coat Sheet,” which is intended to help housewives get rid of unpleasant odor in the toilet. An analysis of this ad shows that it cannot be standardized for the US audience; instead, it should be adapted because of the language and cultural differences, such as variations in the use of appeal and comparisons and the importance of diversity. Main body Perhaps, the most apparent reason why this ad needs to be adapted to the US audience rather than standardized is the use of the Japanese language. In this ad, the Japanese language is used in the speech of the actors delivering the information to the customers and the signs on the screen. While the actor’s speech can simply be translated into English, the signs on the screen have to be adapted. This is because the Japanese language uses characters that appear much more compact than English words. Therefore, simply writing the Japanese words in English would change the layout of the images that support the information delivered by the speakers. The next rationale for adaptation is that this ad is filmed in the format of a weather report familiar to Japanese housewives. In the US, the format for such programs is different to a certain extent, which means that this ad may appear less familiar to American housewives. The ad also shows such a common feature of Japanese etiquette as bowing, which is not used in the US and, therefore, should be removed when adapting the ad to the American audience. The way the message is delivered in the Japanese and American cultures is also different, which further supports the need for adaptation rather than standardization. In particular, in Japan, advertisements use indirect communication to convey their messages and let the audience decide for themselves what they should think about the brand. This is because Japanese people, in contrast to Americans, have negative attitudes to hard-sell practices, so ads using direct communication would be ineffective in this country. In addition, Japanese ads do not tend to use comparisons. In contrast, US advertisements use direct communication to convey the brand value to the audience and often compare different brands in their campaigns, for example, in the advertising campaigns of McDonald’s and Burger King. The ad under review does not say explicitly that the advertised brand is the best in the market and does not make any comparisons; it only offers a brief explanation of what the product is used for. In order to adapt the ad to the US audience, advertisers should explicitly state their message about the value of the brand. Furthermore, the advertisement needs adaptation rather than standardization because of the differences in the use of appeals in the US and Japan. Japanese advertisements appeal to the audience’s sentiment, while American advertisements appeal to logical reasoning. Thus, Japanese ads primarily contain images that invoke viewers’ emotions, whereas American ads use testimonies, logical arguments, and spokespeople to persuade people through rational explanations. The ad under review clearly depicts the peculiarities of Japanese culture in advertising. It does not cite any specific facts, such as what ingredients contribute to the elimination of odor or what specialists in the field of hygiene say about this product. Instead, it appeals to the audience’s emotions by targeting the pain point addressed by the advertised product – the unpleasant odor. In particular, the woman on the left represents a Japanese housewife who voices concerns similar to those that housewives all over Japan are supposed to have. While this approach may work in Japan, it can appear ineffective in the US because of the audience’s expectations of a logical explanation of why they need this product. To adapt this ad to American viewers, it can include facts supporting the effectiveness of the product. One final reason for adaptation is the difference in the ethnic composition of the population in the US and Japan. Japan is a largely monoethnic country, meaning that the majority of its population is Japanese. Hence, it is completely acceptable for Japanese ads, including the ad under review, to feature only Japanese people. In the US, the ethnic and racial composition is much more diverse, and there is a recent trend to reflect this diversity in various media, including advertisements. Therefore, the adaptation of this advertisement to the US audience is necessary to reflect the different racial compositions of the US society and follow the rising trend for diversity in advertising. Conclusion In conclusion, the given ad cannot be standardized for the US because of significant differences between American and Japanese cultures and languages. Therefore, the ad should be adapted in terms of language, communication strategy, type of appeal, and racial representation. In particular, because of the different writing systems of the English and Japanese languages, the ad’s layout should be changed for a better appearance for the English-speaking audience. It should also contain more factual details about the product and can include testimonials and direct product comparisons. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Function of artificial blood is to imitate the duties of hemoglobin in red blood cells. Need for artificial blood was caused by recurrence of blood related complication during child birth, war and treatment of chronic ailments such as HIV/AIDS. There has been a reduction of blood donors, while the number of patients requiring blood transfusion has been increasing (Kresie, 2001). Works of some medical researchers led to successful use of artificial blood. Leland C. Clark’s works reflects some of the greatest efforts. After some studies, Dr. Clark found out that alveoli had the ability to draw oxygen from fluid and replace it with carbon (iv) oxide. With this fact, he knew that perfluorocarbon can support breathing in animals. According to Pharmainfo.net (2007), Dr, Clark initiated experiments using various compounds which included per-fluorocarbons to develop a blood substitute. To establish the initial effects, he dropped a living mouse into a container with liquid fluorocarbons. During the experiment, he paralyzed the mouse in anesthesia then put a delivery tube into its trachea. Dr. Clark then inflated a cuff in the mouse’s airway so as to seal the lungs from air. He also ensured that no solution could leak out. The mouse survived even though it was fully submerged in fluorocarbon liquid. It survived because oxygen has a greater ability to dissolve in perfluorocarbon than in blood plasma. Dr. Clark faced some challenges in his work. Although most of the animals he kept in the fluid survived for several weeks, they finally succumbed to pulmonary damage. The pulmonary damage was attributed to congestion of lungs when they were collapsed. However, research helped him realize that the lungs behave normal when they are inflated. Damage was mainly due to the size of the mouse’s airway. The physical size of the airway did not allow enough fluids to enter the lungs. As a result, carbon (iv) oxide increased in the respiratory system because it could not be removed with the same rate at which it was generated. Dr. Clark found out that the time for survival was related to the temperature of the fluorocarbon solution. Low temperatures reduced the respiratory rate while high temperature increased it. To solve this problem, he induced hypothermia in the animals in subsequent experiments. The animals used survived for over 20 hours in the fluorocarbon fluid. The temperature of the fluid used was about 18 degrees Celsius. The actual cause of the pulmonary damage was not immediately determined. It was necessary to solve all problems of pulmonary damage, carbon (iv) oxide elimination and retention of fluorocarbon in body tissues before trying it on humans. An article in Medical Discoveries website (2007) indicates that a Japanese researcher working for a pharmaceutical firm called Green Cross, discovered that the problems facing Dr. Clark’s invention could be solved. In his experiments, the researcher mixed the fluorocarbon perfluoro-propylamine with perfluoro-dacalin. The result was a white milky solution called Fluosol. Final studies on various animals showed that Fluosol had the ability to deliver oxygen to various parts of the body when there was blockage. This ensured full blood circulation. The use of Fluosol was approved by United States Food and drug Administration. The solution is used on patients only during balloon angioplasty. In this procedure, inflated balloon cuts off blood supply to a body tissue. Fluosol is then injected to a patient to carry oxygen to the tissue which has been cut off from blood supply. Various research programs are going on to determine the toxic effects brought about by Fluosol. References Kresie, L. (2001). Artificial blood: an update on current red cell and platelet substitutes. Baylor University Medical Center, 2 . Web. Medical Discoveries. (2007). Artificial blood. Web. Pharmainfo.net. (2007). Artificial Blood: A Current Review . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Disney Movies as a Part of Childhood Entertainment Essay Reflecting on my childhood, Disney movies were a significant part of entertainment and learning growing up. The movies taught children about friendship, love, family, how to do the right thing, as well as the importance of having some fun. Undoubtedly, my favorite Disney movie is The Lion King, which was released back in 1994. It is a cinematic classic, with the story told in the film managing to transcend generations of children regardless of their background, ethnicity, gender, or age. While Disney is very known for its fairytale stories of princesses, I have always loved The Lion King for depicting real life that we endure through animals. The Lion King is my favorite because it taught me of the importance of family in life. As Simba is cunningly banished from his pride after the death of his father Mufasa by his uncle Scar, the protagonist finds the family in Timon and Pumba. Both families, the lions and other animals that Simba meets on his journey, play important parts in his coming of age and the realization that he was the one to protect his loved ones. The opposition between good and evil is very strong in the movie as the protagonist is determined to bring back peace to his pride that was captured by the lying and the manipulation of Scar. Alongside with touching upon central social themes, The Lion King is just fun. As the viewers get over the shocking death of Mufasa at the beginning of the movie, they are greeted with the message of optimism and the fact that life goes on no matter what. The “Hakuna Matata” motto that Timon and Pumba teach Simba is one of the most fundamental narratives of all Disney movies: “it means no worries for the rest of your days, it’s a problem-free philosophy” (Allers and Minkoff). It implies that life is sometimes hard and sad, but it does mean that people need to suffer as happiness is a choice. As a kid, I was often signing the “Hakuna Matata” song to remind myself to be less worried about the small things and enjoy life. To be honest, I sing this song to this day. Work Cited Alles, Roger, and Rob Minkoff, directors. The Lion King . Walt Disney Pictures, 1994. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Property Tax Role in a Developing Country Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Property tax 3. Recommended features of an economic system 4. References Introduction Property tax is a potential source of government revenue that is received through the levy imposed on the value of a property. Property tax may be imposed by various jurisdictions in the country depending on the established laws on tax assignment and the autonomy of the regional and local governments of the nation. Tax assignments across the various levels of governments are a significant concern, especially in the context of developing countries. The revenues gained from the property tax are usually assigned to the local governments as part of the fiscal decentralization strategy (Hyman, 2010). Despite the consensus that property tax is usually considered local, most of the sub-national governments found in developing nations do not make effective use of the property tax. Averagely, the property taxes that such governments raise comprises of 0.6 % of the Gross Domestic Product. This raises significant concerns as to why property taxes are not effectively exploited in developing countries to finance the provision of public services aimed at improving the economic well being of its citizens (Hyman, 2010). In the light of this view, this paper discusses the role of property tax to in helping a developing nation to attain the goals of encouraging capital formation, increase the rates of savings of its citizens and encouraging foreign investment in the country. The paper also explains and justifies two features of an economic system for the developing country to implement. Property tax It is arguably evident that taxation imposes significant influences on the capability and the willingness of people to engage in meaningful work, save and then invest (Hyman, 2010). The underlying impacts vary depending on the tax base, tax rates and the tax burden. In the light of this, the developing country can make use of the least exploited property taxes to encourage saving, steer economic growth and reinforce capital formation. This requires the adoption of appropriate tax rates on the property levies so as to encourage savings and foreign investments. It is important to note that savings and levels of investments are indirectly proportional to the tax rates; this implies that higher tax rates are a significant hindrance to individual savings and will not serve as an incentive for foreign investment. At the same, the developing nation should not adopt a low tax rate that will hinder effective utilization of the property taxes for funding the provision of public services for its citizens, which makes significant contributions towards the goal of capital formation (Hyman, 2010). The underlying argument is that a moderate tax rate and the effectiveness of the property tax policies are core towards ensuring that there is effective utilization of the property tax towards the attainment of the goals. Ensuring that property tax functions effectively in the context of the developing country is a significant challenge. In ensuring that property tax facilitates the attainment of the goals of the developing nation, the pace of fiscal decentralization, efficiency of the methods used in valuing property, readiness of the national government to facilitate access to productive tax bases by the local governments and keeping up with technological advancements are central in guaranteeing the efficiency of the property tax system (Hyman, 2010). Fiscal decentralization helps in increasing the autonomy of the local governments in setting up the tax rates and expanding the tax base. Up to date technology will help in facilitating the process of property tax administration in the developing country. This is because computerized technologies can play an integral role in facilitating the property assessment and valuation, which will help in cutting the administrative costs associated with levying property tax. Effective utilization of the property tax in the developing country can in turn facilitate the provision of public services, which is vital in capital formation (Hyman, 2010). Recommended features of an economic system An economic system indicates the plan of action adopted by a country for its commodities, the goods produced and the manner in which the country executes its economic plan (O’Sullivan, 2003). From a narrow perspective, an economic system is viewed in the nature of the interactions between the features of the economic system, which comprise of the consumers, the markets and the role that the government plays in regulating the means of production. In the case of goals of the developing country associated with increasing personal savings, capital formation and encouraging foreign investment, the first recommendation is to adopt a market economy, whereby the government plays a small role in driving the economy. Under such an economic system, the consumers and their respective purchasing decisions are the key determinants of the economy (O’Sullivan, 2003). In addition, the right direction for the nation’s economic development is mainly determined by the underlying market assumptions. Lack of central planning is a key characteristic of this economic system, this in turn helps in encouraging foreign investment due to the liberal policies. In addition, domestic productivity is boosted resulting to capital formation. The government has the only responsibility of ensuring the stability of the economy so that its economic activities can be carried out effectively (Bhagwati, 2002). The second recommended feature of an economic system suitable for the developing country is the aspect of industrial development. The focus on industrial development is an effective economic strategy that the developing can exploit to divert from the extreme reliance on agricultural sector. In addition, industrial development plays an integral role in the modernization of the agricultural economy, which in turn increases its economic contribution. Industrial development plays an integral role in ensuring capital formation and increasing the rates of employment, which encourages individual savings (O’Sullivan, 2003). References Bhagwati, J. (2002). Free Trade Today. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Hyman, D. (2010). Public Finance: A Contemporary Application of Theory to Policy. New York: Cengage Learning. O’Sullivan, A. (2003). Economics. Principles & Tools. New York: Mc Graw-Hill. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Michael Kors Watch Advertisement Evaluation Essay Introduction Product advertisement is a critical part in the marketing strategy. Reflectively, the choice of the advertisement media, advertisement strategy, and presentation tactics are the main ingredients of a successful advertisement. Thus, this analytical treatise attempts to explicitly review the most appropriate form of media to advertise the Michael Kors Watch. Besides, the treatise explores the checklist to be followed to deploy the advertisement. In addition, the paper explores the risks, selling tactics, and significance of internet advertising. Product identification and appropriate social media Michael Kors Watch brand has been in the market for more than two decades. The brand is associated with quality, affordability, and trendiness. The brand has become a household name in the United States of America and other parts of the world. Michael Kors Watches come in different colors, shapes, and designs. The brand has watches for the male and female customers. Since the Michael Kors Watch has become a global brand, it is importance to design the most appropriate form of social media to advertise. Social media, especially Google has gained popularity among companies and individuals who uses this site as interaction modules to share business management culture and exchange ideas. In eMarketing industry, Google has penetrated the communication environment and currently commands a large following among the users. Reflectively, Google is an ideal tool for advertisement and community following building for the Michael Kors Watch. Through Google advertisement, the customer base for the Michael Kors Watch will expand substantially over a short period of time. Google focuses on e-marketing which involves building friendly partnership and working relationship with a market segment without necessarily having physical contact with it. In fact, the main source of exchanging information and advertising products is through written words and the highlighted pictures of the watches. Thus, through use of Google, Michael Kors Watch’s advertisement will increase the visibility of the Michael Kors Watch products across the globe. Checklist guide In order to successfully advertise the Michael Kors Watch brand through the Google, it is important to substantiate the target audience. This will facilitate proper definition of the advertisement messages and appropriateness of the messages within the scope of the target market. Besides, it is imperative to constitute a tracking strategy to constantly and periodically evaluate the performance of the advertisement. The tracking tool will be the blueprint for systematic evaluation of the primary advertisement message and the customer response rate (Wormeli, 2007). Moreover, it is significant to draw a comprehensive communication plan since it acts as the guide to the actual process of the advertisement presentation. In addition, the advertisement team should create a forum with the customers to monitor their response within and without the social media tool. The response may be in the form of increased sales or direct response to the advertisement. Reflectively, the communication plan will determine the performance of the advertisement since it acts as the minor and major premises of advertisement implementation (Jobber, 2012). Associated risks * Public relation crisis: Unlike the other forms of advertisement, a simple mistake in the presentation of the message in any social media tool may go viral and seriously compromise perception of the target customers towards the activities of the watch company. * Security breach: Despite the fact that Google is very secure, the threat of hacking is as real as is the case in other social media tools. A threat of hacking into the company’s activities may be wreak havoc to the activities of the company in the short and the long term. * Offending the audience: Despite the sincerity and genuineness of the messages of the Michael Kors Watch Company, the social media society consists of very sensitive audience. For instance, the use of colored image or religiously ridiculing message may attract different reactions among the target customers (Jobber, 2012). If the message is interpreted as offensive, the Michael Kors Watch will lose the market among those offended. Selling tactics Partnership with the complimentary brands The Michael Kors Watch may partner with complimentary brands such as the Ebay and Amazon to increase the audience targeted by the advertisement. These complimentary brands will increase the visibility of the advertisement across the globe. As a result, more customers will be aware of the products and actually purchase them (Belch and Belch, 2012). Rewarding the loyal customers The Michael Kors Watch may create a reward or discount scheme for the watch brand. For instance, the company may give discount of 5% for its watches and other gifts for purchasing products above certain prices. This will generally reduce the prices as perceived by the customers (Belch and Belch, 2012). Product quality verses the price Proper presentation of the Michael Kors Watch brand as genuine, high quality and most price-friendly will actually increase the sales (Belch and Belch, 2012). Internet advertising and profitability Unlike other tools of advertisement, internet advertising is very affordable and sustainable. It will cost only a third of the standard advertisement budget to advertise online. For big companies such as the Michael Kors Watch, it translates into increased profitability. Internet advertising offers a global platform for reaching the customers. The global visibility of an advertisement message translated into expansion of the target market. This means that more customers will buy the product (West, Ford, and Ibrahim, 2010). Increased sales translated into increased profits for the Michael Kors Watch brand. References Belch, G., & Belch, M. (2012). Advertising and promotion: An integrated marketing communications perspective (9 th Ed.). Boston, Bo: Irwin. Jobber, D. (2012). Principles and practice of marketing . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Publishers. West, C., Ford, J., & Ibrahim, E. (2010). Strategic marketing . Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Wormeli, R. (2007). Differentiation: From planning to practice. Melba, Portland: Stenhouse Publishers. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Marine Environment Protection and Management in the Shipping Industry Essay Shipping industries prioritize environmental protection and efforts to protect the environment from pollution. According to Salomon & Markus (Eds.) (2018), the ecological policy ensures industries maintain high standards of safety and adherence to required legislations to eliminate pollution occurrences. However, concerned parties improve their procedures to achieve Zero spills; hence, protecting the waters (Walker et al., 2019). Therefore, people should take responsibility for preserving the environment, and the criminal penalties system should reinforce environmental legislation internally to prevent deliberate pollutants discharge from ships into seas effectively. The ship’s crew is responsible for keeping the sea safer and preventing oil spillage from ships. MARPOL Annex 1 aims to completely eliminate pollution by oil, thus protecting the marine environment. MARPOL Annex 1 ensures oil filtering equipment and tankers are in good working condition and well-maintained to avoid accidental oil spillages ( Protection from oil, chemicals, harmful substances (MARPOL Annex I-III) ). Therefore, criminal penalties system in collaboration with the Environmental Protection Agency should reinforce legislations to protect sea creatures and humans from oil pollution or wastes from ships. The criminal penalties system should hold accountable ships that accidentally spill oil or ignore operational oil leakages that get into the water. Pollution oil in water spreads faster depending on the composition and relative density of the oil (Kaushik, 2021). The civil liability system should redress the public and ship crews and charge them following oil pollution since it affects sea animals and humans. The civil liability system and criminal penalties system should control the identified emission standards to ensure that they are planned and implemented according to the environmental targets, policy, and objectives. The systems should document the policy to ensure that the public and companies follow the standards to ensure correct and safe operating procedures in managing and preserving the environment. Therefore, the government and policymakers need support from the public to reach the environmental protection goals and enhance the safety and well-being of people. References Kaushik, M. (2021). MARPOL Annex 1 explained: How to prevent pollution from oil at sea . Marine Insight. Web. Protection from oil, chemicals, harmful substances (MARPOL Annex I-III) . Deutsche Flagge. (n.d.). Web. Salomon, M., & Markus, T. (Eds.). (2018). Handbook on marine environment protection: Science, impacts and sustainable management . Springer. Walker, T. R., Adebambo, O., Feijoo, M. C. D. A., Elhaimer, E., Hossain, T., Edwards, S. J.,… & Zomorodi, S. (2019). Environmental effects of marine transportation. In World Seas: an environmental evaluation (pp. 505-530). Academic Press. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Socialization Skills Role in the Child Development Reflective Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Observation 3. Reaction 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Introduction How the child ends up in adult hood greatly depends on the way they are brought up and the kind of environment that he or she is exposed to. During the development of a child, it is important to kick off his or her life with important lessons that would enhance the socialization skills (Currie 3). Children develop in stages and therefore development in every stage should be observed keenly and the child guided so as to ensure proper preparation for the future. For example, language acquisition by a child is mainly experienced in the early infancy stage and the period ending in puberty and after that the child cannot learn more in terms of language acquisition (Fildman, Wendkos and Papalia 26). Observation For the first child, Mark, gave him the playdoh and told him to do whatever he wanted with it. As he went ahead, I placed a toy on the table and sat to watch. When he was done, I observed the three shapes that he had made; two of them looked like two people but I could not identify the last one so I decided to ask him what it was. He quickly said that it was his dog. When I asked him who the two people were, he said that they were his mother and brother whom he had never seen ever since their parents separated. Since he was getting emotional, I left him alone and observed him. I noticed that he picked the toy I had earlier placed on the table and started talking to it as if it were alive. For the second child, Mary, I made two balls from the playdoh and asked her whether they were the same. Surprisingly she took the balls in each of her hands as if to measure the weight and said that they both looked like balls but the one on the right was heavier. When l moulded one of the balls into a snake and asked if it still contained the same amount of playdoh, she said no because the one mould into a snake was longer than the other one. When I made it flat, she said no but I reformed the two identical balls, again she said that they contained the same amount of playdoh. When I used the coloured papers that were shaped into triangles, rectangles and ovals I was so impressed that she first separated them according to shape and then later by colour. Reaction I was very impressed by the way Mark showed his high level of IQ when he went beyond describing the shapes of the two balls in the first exercise and actually determined the difference in weights (Currie 3). The reason why he started talking to the toy was that he assumed it to be an imaginary friend who took the place of the brother who had left after the parents separated (Fildman, Wendkos and Papalia 26). I was also impressed by the manner in which Mary separated the shapes according to colour and shapes successfully and easily. This demonstrates her high level of cognitive skills that directly translates to her high level of IQ (Currie 3). The possible reason why she might not have answered the questions in the second exercise correctly is that she might not have understood the question correctly and misunderstood to mean the shapes of the figures and not the content. Conclusion The early stages of every child are vital in the shaping of his or her future and therefore must be studied with caution by the parents and the teachers. All the skills that are needed by the child during the early stages must be imparted to him or her effectively so as to ensure a bright future for the child. Works Cited Currie, Jane. Early Childhood Education Programs . America: American Economic Association, 2001. Print. Papalia, Diane E. Wendkos, Sally And Fildman, Ruth. A child’s world: infancy through adolescence . McGraw: McGraw-Hill, 2002. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Sade Moore, Journalist’s Biography Issues Essay (Article) Sade Moore is a successful published journalist and an avid Christian. Currently working in the business writing articles and interviews, her work can be found in the “Sheen Magazine”. Starting her career as a journalist in 2018, she has had numerous opportunities as a journalist for Fox Sports, Takeover TV and other networks. Graduating from the California State University of Los Angeles, she has come a long way in her career. With a degree in communications, she writes about beauty, sports, entertainment and other topics. Among the range of her past affiliations, she now also has been added to the Sheen Magazine staff, being internationally recognized and valued for her work. Hosting the Sheen Talk Live weekly show, Moore conducts interviews with the professionals in a wide range of industries. In the interconnected world of today, it is becoming harder to both stay true to oneself while also attaining professional success. Sade Moore is an exceptional multimedia journalist who manages to combine both of these goals, incorporating her Christian identity into all facets of her work. As a woman in the industry, she has had to experience hardship and move through challenging circumstances, rising to higher levels of professional excellence each year. For her professional and spiritual guidance, Moore turns to God. The belief in God is an underlying force between many of her professional choices and attitudes on the world. As an avid Christian, her faith helps her to bring a unique edge to her writing, understand her path in the world and overcome challenges. Professionally, she has had the ability to interview and work with many different people, including award-nominated and winning artists Koryn Hawthorne, Jonathan McReynolds and Mali Music. In her cover story for the former, Moore displays her writing skills and competencies as a journalist, surprising many critics with a combination of insight and professionalism. While a number of industry insiders doubted her, Moore has demonstrated a remarkable ability to succeed. Coming from humble beginnings, she has had the ability to grow, develop, and thrive as a Christian who believes in God’s plan. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“How the Fashion Industry is Embracing Social Media” by Hitha Prabhakar Essay Table of Contents 1. Facebook 2. Corporate website 3. Fashion blog 4. Twitter Fashion and women clothing commands respect worldwide. Women fashion contributes to the world economy. Market analysis reveals the rise in the production of women fabrics. The flow of information influences the production index of women clothing. In time past, fashion events were open to few designers. The parade of trending fabrics was secretly uploaded to maintain the company’s competitive advantage. Today, social media are embracing women fashion in different ways. Fashion designers showcase their fabrics on every available media channel. Trending fabrics are uploaded on the Internet for comments and feedback. The author believed something changed the protocol. The author recounted an example of a fashion designer who published fabrics one year after sales. The product life cycle requires a careful approach. The designer wanted to protect the product’s competitive advantage. The decline in product sales changed the marketing strategy of top designers. Women’s clothing is displayed on the Internet to attract customers and boost the company’s image. The publicity of a firm’s product and services can be extended using the social media. The author emphasized the need for more fashion shows in the industry. Social media adverts can change the income status of an organization. Women fashion requires public view which is achieved through the social media. Young ladies want to wear trending cloths and can be seen on fashion blog and websites. The marketing manager will upload images of the latest fabrics designed by the company on fashion blog, twitter and other social channels. The article analyzed the trends and benefits of different social media channels. Facebook Facebook users grew rapidly in 2007 with an estimated 7 million subscribers. Women’s clothing industry can support their promotional adverts through their Facebook page. However, Facebook users are trending with other social media channels. This accounts for the decline in the number of subscribers. Designers will choose other social sites to flaunt their products. Corporate website The marketing manager of top designers uses their websites to display women dresses and jewelries. Customers search the Internet to locate quality and beautiful dresses. The word of mouth will be used to inform potential customers about the trending photos on the corporate websites. Direct sales and online order will be carried out on the company’s website. Fashion blog This is another social media site used by fashion designers. Fashion designers upload their product image on popular blog to create awareness. The Internet blog control 20% of all Internet activities and can increase market sales of women’s clothing. Twitter This fast trending social channel is a strong marketing tool. Top fashion designers command millions of followers daily. Twitter can be used to educate, inform, display and market women fabrics without adverts. The cost of product advertisement can be reduced by half through social channels. Although social media influences the sale of women’s clothing, some designers fear its use. Experienced designers argue that brand names control the largest amount of product sales. The article rejected the submission based on the control of new entrants in the business. New entrants can increase their competitive advantage using social channels to showcase their products. The cost of production can be reduced using social media adverts. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Macroeconomic Situation of the US Essay Current macroeconomic situation The United States boasts of being a leading economic power in the world, and as a result, the recent economic recession in the country led to the repercussions being felt in almost all the parts of the world. Recovery from the global recession has generally been slow but consistent; therefore, a return to the economic situation as it was during 2008 and 2009 recession period is highly unlikely if not impossible. The US economic recession, which triggered the global recession, was triggered by the sub prime mortgage market that had accumulated great debts. This later led to the collapse of some financial institutions that had investments in the mortgage market. Capital and lending Lack of repaying mortgages has resulted in many of the financial institutions having capital impairment, hence making the companies unable to acquire and give more loans to the public. This capital impairment has mainly been brought up by the defaulting in the repayment of loans by members of the public due to various economic problems the citizens are facing. In addition, there is uncertainty regarding inflation levels in the future. However, the government has been able to control the inflation to a level that is not very high (OECD, 2010, p. 47). Unemployment The economic recession resulted in loss of many jobs due to the collapse of various companies. This loss of jobs was also necessitated by the fact that companies were trying to reduce their operational expenses. The high unemployment rate has resulted into reduced spending by the citizens, the result of which is the reduction in aggregate demand. This has in effect resulted into a considerable reduction in the gross domestic product of the US, as private consumption accounts for 70 % of the GDP of the USA (Economic Research and Performance Analysis, 2011, p.4). However, the private consumption is recovering slowly and steadily from the effects of the recession. Data from the fourth quarter of 2010 shows that there has been an increase in the private demand and hence leading to a slow but steady increase in the Gross Domestic Product. During the fourth quarter, unemployment rate reduced to 9.4 %; and though still high, the unemployment rate is expected to reduce even further in 2011 as the economy stabilizes (Economic Research and Performance Analysis, 2011, p. 5 – 6). However, the unemployment rate is low compared to the rate that was experienced in 2009 when it was above 10 percent. The high rate of unemployment drove inflation rates to very low values (OECD, 2009, p.9). Financial markets Financial markets were also adversely affected by the economic recession. This was mainly brought about by reduced investor confidence in the financial markets, thus necessitating the government to take measures to help increase investor confidence. However, investor confidence is slowly rising, as reflected in the gradual but steady increase in the market activity and market capitalization. Housing Among the worst hit areas of the economy is the housing market, which, in fact, triggered the recession. Demand for housing units has reduced significantly, resulting into a reduction in investments in this sector of the economy. However, this market segment is slowly recovering from the previous conditions witnessed during recession (Economic Research and Performance Analysis, 2011, p. 10 – 12). Measures to be taken by the US congress and the Federal Reserve Inflation The current macroeconomic situation shows that the US economy is slowly recovering from recession. The recovery is in fact on the right track enabling the economy reach full recovery. Therefore, the Federal Reserve should ensure that it does not buy treasury bonds to artificially increase demand for bonds, as that would have the adverse effect on increasing inflation. Unemployment Unemployment rate continues to be unacceptably high and thus, putting strain on other sectors of the economy. The US congress should ensure that it passes legislation to help increase employment and thus lead to an increase in GDP. This can be done by injecting money into the economy through undertaking initiatives that will create employment. The contribution of US $ 787 billion fiscal stimulus package provided by the government to the growth of the economy has been diminishing slowly since most of the money has already been paid out (Economic Research and Performance analysis, 2010, p. 14). The Federal Reserve and the US congress should therefore come up with other methods that would inject money into the economy, as the fiscal stimulus was shown to contribute to the growth of the economy. In fact, without it, the economy would have fared far much worse. To help reduce unemployment rate, the US congress can also pass legislation that will provide incentives to companies employing a large number of people. The injecting of money into the economy is generally as short-term method of helping recovery of the economy; however, it is a fact that the government cannot continue giving the fiscal stimulus for long (OECD, 2010, p. 4). Housing market To help in stabilization of housing market, the US congress should ensure that it passes laws that will ensure close monitoring of the market to ensure that the gains made are not lost. In addition, the US congress needs to ensure that it passes legislation that will help in attraction of investments in the housing market to help prevent total collapse of the market. The legislation should mainly be made to help the housing market in the long term, as well as help to prevent the occurrence of the situation that led to recession. References Economic Research and Performance Analysis. (2010). U.S. macroeconomic outlook . Corporate Executive Board. Web. Economic Research and Performance Analysis. (2011). U.S. macroeconomic outlook . Corporate Executive Board. Web. OECD. (2010). General assessment of the macroeconomic situation . OECD Economic outlook Volume 2010/2 Preliminary version. Web. OECD. (2009). Perspectives économiques de l’OCDE, Rapport intermédiaire mars 2009 . NY: OECD , Publishing. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction The World War II genocide of Jews, known as the Holocaust, changed both the Jewish history and the history of the world, transforming the human perception of violence and religious conflicts. The Holocaust was a turning point in the development of Jewish collective consciousness and the public’s views on discrimination and nationalism. The movies and literature devoted to the subject raise the questions of morality, human nature, and the nature of evil, teaching new generations to be particularly sensitive about religious and social issues. Main body Schindler’s List, directed by Steven Spielberg, tells the story of a moral transformation of Oskar Schindler, a German businessman who, during World War II, saved over a thousand Jews by employing them in his factories. The movie offers an intense and transformative viewing experience vividly depicting Nazis’ atrocities against Jews and the depravities of human nature (Shandler 108). By risking his life and spending all his money to save his workers, the main character shows that when outrageous political decisions are concerned, it is the choice of every individual which side to take. Under the Nazi regime, millions of Jews were deported, imprisoned in concentration camps, tortured, and killed. The Holocaust had a profound effect on society both in Europe and all over the world, and its consequences are still felt today. Forster et al. in their study of the Holocaust’s effects on Jews, claim that “survivors of politically-induced traumas develop strong social identification with other members of their group and transmit their identities to their descendants.” The Holocaust facilitated the development of the collective consciousness and memory of the Jewish community scarred by the horrors they had suffered. Apart from Jews, Germans also targeted other social groups whom they perceived as inferior or a threat to the regime. Gypsies, and black people were persecuted for racial reasons, being considered a threat to the Nazi ideal of a “pure Aryan race.” People with mental and physical disabilities were viewed as biologically defective and a financial burden to the state. Homosexuals were thought to corrupt German values and culture. The Nazi policy towards all groups of victims was brutal and violent. They were forced to wear identifying badges: Jews were compelled to mark themselves with a yellow star of David, and gay men had to wear a downward-pointing pink triangle. In concentration camps, red triangles were used for political prisoners, green for criminals, blue for immigrants, brown for Gypsies, purple for Jehovah’s Witnesses, and black for prisoners regarded as “antisocial,” including prostitutes and lesbians. Apart from labeling, a set of laws was implemented to deprive the discriminated groups of basic human rights. The Nazi policy was aimed at isolating and dehumanizing ethnic minorities and “social deviants,” marking them as being different from everyone else and separating them from society. Conclusion In my opinion, the discrimination that Jews and other social and ethnic groups experienced during World War II shaped the world that we live in. Today, national governments need to be extremely careful in their religious policies and attitudes towards social minorities. I think that every ethnic group and every religion have equal rights to self-expression, and they should be observed by every country in the world to prevent history from repeating itself. The Holocaust showed what terrible things humans are capable of, and, when inhuman government decisions are concerned, I believe that morality should be a choice of every individual. Works Cited Shandler, Jeffrey. Jews, God, and Videotape: Religion and Media in America. NYU Press, 2009. Forster, Diana, et al. “The Political Consequences of Trauma: Holocaust Exposure and Emotional Attachment to Israel Among American Jews.” Contemporary Jewry, 2020, Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Social Determinants of Health and Health Education Essay The notion of health care cannot exist in isolation from a variety of external influencers that surround human beings in terms of their day-to-day existence. Thus, to comprehend the extent to which social paradigm impacts human health, the US Department of Health and Human Services outlined five major social determinants of health (SDOH). They include economic stability, education access and its quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and environment, and social and community background (Healthy People 2030, n.d.). These factors, although seemingly having no direct correlation to the issue of disease development, are crucial in terms of people’s access to quality lifestyle and care. A prime example of such importance may be noted in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. People who are less likely to have access to quality nutrition and public health care are at higher risk of infection and suffering from disease complications. The causal link in such a scenario could be traced as follows: people with poor socio-economic stability have limited access to proper nutrition, increasing their risk of obtaining a chronic condition such as heart disease, diabetes, or obesity – these people are more liable to struggle with acute forms of COVID-19 virus and be hospitalized (Finer et al., 2020). For this reason, it may be rightfully concluded that SDOH has a serious impact on one’s health condition and physical and mental well-being. When speaking of the communicable disease chain, it should be mentioned that nurses play a vital role in terms of securing proper preventive measures in order not to escalate the scopes of disease dissemination. The overall communicable chain disease is aimed at representing the ways in which infection travels from one host to another. It includes such components as disease, human reservoir, a portal of exit, transmission, a portal of entry, and the establishment of a new host (The Open University, n.d.). The preventive measures for each stage are divided into the ones that depend on individuals and the ones that depend on health care facilities. Thus, in order to break the link within the communicable disease chain, nurses are to establish a working treatment pattern, along with educating people on the matter of individual protection from the infectious disease. References Finer, N., Garnett, S. P., & Bruun, J. M. (2020). COVID‐19 and obesity. Clinical Obesity , 10 (3). Web. Healthy People 2030. (n.d.). Social determinants of health. US Department of Health and Human. Services. Web. The Open University. (n.d.). Health education, advocacy and community mobilisation module: 3. Factors affecting human health. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Technical and Economic Problems in Crane Factories Essay Introduction Today the technological advancement is forcing most companies to consider implementation of strong specifications to remain competitive. It is not wise for a new enterprising company to continue producing slow cranes of limited capacities while the competitors keep high standard overhead cranes. The cranes manufacturing industries are under the strain to produce more sophisticated, and cranes that can restrain higher stresses due to the advancement over the building structures. The new overhead designs of the cranes, such as boosted load capacity, remain to be the best policies over the high maintenance costs and excessive performance time. Every buyer wants a machine that performs on increased capacities and at higher frequencies compared to earlier designs or structures. Modernization of the structures today calls for technological advancement for the cranes. The structures utilize the track-mounted cranes, which work concurrently in as first as possible sequence without fluctuating on the tracks. One real-world combinatorial problem entails the procedure of planning for the crane to follow the manufacturing schedule. Some companies have advanced designing structures that allow quick and synchronized manufacture but they still face the challenge of assigning tasks and ordering the tasks to avoid interference. The smaller companies face the problem of scheduling the tasks to overcome constrains and minimize the completion time. The crane factory also faces many human resource issues. Like other high-standard companies, to meet up the challenge of having high quality standard prospective employees, some web-based technology such as timesheet management software or time-off systems are important programs to adopt. (“Tips,” 2006, 7). These are important new programs for reducing the waste and cost. Similar new companies have implemented the web-based research technologies to recruit applicants, offer online human resource deliveries, support collection process that is more efficient in distribution and exchange of data. Most companies face the challenge of meeting demand. They fail to meet customers’ requirements because of poor marketing procedures. The recent marketing trends of globalization and outsourced production require the business especially new ones to hire marketing experts to manage the complexity involved between buyers and sellers, navigate various cultural differences and travel to find orders and ensure deliveries. (Monczka et al, 2008, 111) In the address of the general challenges facing the manufacturing industries, the main areas requiring immediate redress include the lack of proper focus by the governments in ensuring global competitiveness. A good governing system enables manufactures to be in a position of meeting competitive authenticity. Ability to foster strong economic growth, calls for government-sponsored economy. The economy is set on track by monetary and fiscal policies. The manufacturing costs of big machinery like the cranes are lower when the government regulate and reduces some subsidiaries in the aim of creating an economical environment favouring investment. The aim of the manufactures is to produce improved products at lowest costs possible. (Monczka et al, 2008, 111) They ought to be in control of the costs. The future of the manufacturing industries depends on the technological leadership. It pays significantly to invest in technology. The future of these industries depends on the evolving nature of the education system. The workforce ought to entail individuals with high skills of problem solving. These abilities need continuously sharpening of skills and knowledge as the technology advances. The government face the challenge of investing in the education to produce competent scientists and educators. Finally yet importantly, the international and monitory policies play an eminent role in ensuring the global competitiveness. Free, open and fairness provides an internationally levelled ground for fair competition especially in the machinery manufacturing industries. In a close link to Monczka et al, (2008, 111) all parties involved only minimize the barriers of global manufacture and trade for the small and large industries through their will of promoting economical growth. Works Cited Monczka, Robert. M., Handfield, Robert. B. and Larry, Giunipero. “Purchasing and Supply Chain Management” Manson, OH. Cengage Learning Publishers. 2008. P. 111. Pp 810 Tips on Using Technology to Streamline Payroll Processes – and Cut Costs (2006). Payroll Managers Report, 6(10), 1-9. Retrieved from <EBSCOhost Database> | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Conservatives and right-wing ideologists argue that this is a sign of the family institution’s decline and crisis. Progressives and leftists say that it is one of the side effects of significant social change that are now taking place in a global society. Researchers claim that the currently known divorce rate is “3.2 per 1,000 population” (“Divorce statistics”). The US ranks fourth in the list of countries in terms of divorce rate. Consequently, the question arises as to why one of the family members decides to divorce their spouse. Five Major Reasons for Divorce It is no secret that each family is unique and different from the other. Therefore, there are many prerequisites and reasons why one or both parties eventually decide to divorce. Experts and researchers have identified several factors leading to it. These are lack of commitment, frequent arguments, adultery, and marriage at a young age, unfulfilled or unrealistic expectations (“Divorce statistics”). It is noteworthy that there are other reasons such as inequality in relationships, an ill-conceived decision to marry, and domestic abuse or violence (“Divorce statistics”). These are scientifically proven main drivers in one or both parties’ decision to divorce. A Ray of Hope for the Family Institution The above mentioned facts might give the impression that the state of the modern family institution is tragic. However, there is a growing positive trend associated with millennials, according to recent research. Researchers note that “millennials are choosing to wait longer to get married and stay married longer and are the main driver in the decline of both the marriage and divorce rate in the US” ( “Divorce statistics “). It needs to be mentioned that the number of marriages is decreasing as well. Sociologists will only be able to draw concrete conclusions after more millennials reach the average age of marriage. Media Hysteria around Divorce Rate Over the past decade, hysteria has been created around the divorce rate by Western media. According to Ames, “divorces have risen at their sharpest rate in almost 50 years.” What is more shocking is that divorce rate data has been misinterpreted. The truth is that most journalists and even some researchers often confuse crude divorce rates with refined ones. It may seem that the crude divorce rate is high especially compared to the marriage rate. In fact, the refined divorce rate “per 1000 married women is 16.9” (“Divorce statistics”). Therefore, the actual divorce percentage is much lower than shown in the news article cited above. One might wonder why news articles are showing unrealistic data. Misinterpretation in Media There are three reasons why news writers and analysts misinterpret sociological statistics. One of them is a lack of understanding of statistical data and methods of its collection and analysis (“Misinterpretation of statistics”). Moreover, news article writers sometimes use incomparable definitions and concepts and add additional irrelevant qualities to them (“Misinterpretation of statistics”). News articles are also often subject to writers’ personal bias (“Misinterpretation of statistics”). They also add fictional facts and data to get more attention and clicks (“Misinterpretation of statistics”). All this is harmful both for journalism and for society. Works Cited Ames, Jonathan. “Divorces rise at sharpest rate for 50 years.” The Times, 2020, Web. “Divorce Statistics: Over 115 Studies, Facts and Rates for 2020.” Wilkinson & Finkbeiner Family Law Attorneys , Web. “Misinterpretation of statistics.” Statistics Canada, 2021, Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
There is a wide variety of diverse approaches and methods, which are implemented in order to provide effective commercials. As our society develops and transforms, it may be necessary to modernize advertising approaches to produce relevant commercials. Some companies remain neutral and prefer to avoid controversial dilemmas and social issues, whereas others try to raise significant social and even political conflicts in order to win approval. Even though such social responsibility may represent considerable risks related to the sensitivity of raised issues, it may also provide outstanding benefits in case of success. According to numerous sources, “being woke” is becoming a more and more widespread business strategy. Large companies and small businesses implement the idea of social justice in their advertising strategies more and more frequently. However, such delicate dilemmas frequently cause public outrages if the issue is addressed inappropriately. For example, Nike provided a series of successful commercials, which proposed social justice, whereas Gillette’s The Best Men Can Be or Pepsi’s Kendal Jenner commercials resulted in public outcries. Australian Lamb, Make Lamb, Not Walls commercial may serve as an example of a successful advertisement, which refers to a controversial political issue. The Greatest Meat on Earth beef commercial may also appear to be successful and appropriate. However, the beef commercial does not rely on a relevant socioeconomic environment; hence it is less engaging and less effective. Both commercials target a similar audience. In general, they mainly target an average person watching TV. Therefore, these advertising projects target both male and female viewers in the age range between 18 and 60. Nevertheless, there are significant differences in the ways these commercials approach their primary target audience. The beef commercial may appear to focus more on male consumers as the primary introduced customer is a young man. Lamb commercial tries to address all possible groups of people as it shows how people of different ages and gender desire to taste their product. The advertising objectives of the above-mentioned commercials appear to be similar. Both of them are produced in order to increase demand for introduced products. The “big ideas” of these two commercials are stated clearly. The big idea of a beef advertisement is that they produce the best meat in the entire world. They proceed to compare their product to a wide variety of sights and events, which are commonly acknowledged to be “the greatest” in the world. Humor also is a significant instrument of the commercial as it is filled with jokes, irony, and exaggeration. The big idea of the lamb commercial is also focused on the product. Nonetheless, it refers to considerably more relevant and important issues. The idea of unity and patriotism is used to enhance the idea of universal love for the product. Lamb is introduced as a key element, which may be able to unite people of all ages and political opinions. Moreover, political and social context is used in an exaggerated comic way to make the commercial entertaining. The beef commercial may not serve as an example of a bad advertisement. It is well presented and has the proper structure. It also uses diverse creative methods to attract more attention and make the product more appealing. However, it does not use relevant context as a subsidiary instrument. As mentioned before, social, economic, and political aspects are becoming an inseparable part of modern marketing. It may be possible to provide neutral advertisements, yet they are becoming less and less competitive. Companies, which raise social issues, are more likely to attract the public. The beef commercial could address emerging issues, which may not be directly related to their product but be significant for their targeted audience. Australian Lamb took the risk and raised a relatively controversial problem. Therefore, their commercial is discussed on many levels, it is on the news, and it gains a huge amount of feedback online. It represents a prime example of successful viral marketing. Furthermore, it may be a coincidence, but the Australian Lamb commercial seems to mock the beef advertisement. In the beef commercial, their product is pressed to be not “just a stake” but the best meat on Earth. Whereas at the end of the lamb commercial, it is said that they did not create “the United States of Australia” but “just Australia” (LoveOurLamb, 2021). I believe that both commercials were relatively effective. I believe that the general consumer response for both of these ads may be viewed as positive. Despite the fact that it may not be possible to call either of these two commercials a failure, and I personally liked both of them, the Australian Lamb did a better job. Their commercial is mentioned in the media, it is viewed on YouTube, and people discuss it on the news. The political context was appropriately used to enhance the effect of other significant elements. Conclusively, I believe that using relevant controversial issues in marketing is becoming a new global trend, which requires attention. References YouTube. (2021). Australian Lamb: Make Lamb, Not Walls . YouTube . Web. YouTube. (2019). Mla Beef The Greatest Meat on Earth Tv Commercial . YouTube . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Change-Model and Process in Medicine Essay Within the framework of the current project, it may be proposed to implement the PDSA cycle to support change and revise the approach to the issue at hand with the help of on-the-fly transformations intended to support the idea that fewer chemical restraints would have a positive effect on middle-aged patients. The key advantage of PDSA that may be mentioned here is the fact that it does not require an extended amount of resources to be implemented, and also does not force the team to conduct large-scale implementation (Leis & Shojania, 2017). Therefore, the PDSA change model is going to become the quickest method of practice change that can be utilized to answer the chosen PICOT question. In order to institutionalize the potential improvements through the modification of systems, structure, and processes, the team will have to put the influence of chemical restraints at the forefront of the project and have the care team learn more about how they could improve patient outcomes with the help of reducing the influence of chemicals on their health. The systems should be modified to an extent where they would consist of measures that define, measure and improve the quality of care. The structure of care provision could be changed with the help of long-term activities aimed at the creation of a much more enabling environment where every stakeholder would have a chance to contribute. Ultimately, the processes will be institutionalized through the transformation of staff roles and responsibilities and the thorough implementation of support functions. The staff will have to engage in a number of training sessions intended to explain the rationale behind introducing chemical restraints and comparing their milder and severer effects to decide on how effective chemical restraints actually are. The author of the current presentation proposes to conduct training within the general workplace environment and not pick any custom location, as it would put a strain on organizational resources. Another idea is to deploy a committee that will be responsible for checking in with the team and study participants. The policy on chemical restraints would have to include information on how care providers could protect patients from the negative effects of chemical restraints, and what could be the key approaches to removing patient distress and making the sample much more representative. The team should be aiming at finding the least restrictive methods of managing one’s health condition and curtail the usage of chemical restraints (Cunha et al., 2016). Further activities might include the adoption of a prevention framework that would reduce the majority of risk factors and help practitioners establish an accommodating care environment. The required documentation should include the reasons for the cessation of chemical restraints. These documents will be reviewed in detail during restraint review meetings intended to provide every stakeholder with proper insights. The utmost potential of practice change is also supported by the idea that the review process could include family members or patients themselves, as they would also have the opportunity to fill in surveys and help identify more potential challenges that could affect the proposed change program. Even though there are no overt barriers that could affect the deployment of the proposed study, it may be claimed that the researchers could face increased reluctance on the patient side due to the lack of understanding. This also sends the researcher back to the idea that patients should be included in the list of individuals who may be able to contribute to study outcomes (Fashaw et al., 2020). Patient reluctance could easily invalidate research results, so it is essential to receive approval from every stakeholder before moving forward. References Cunha, M., Andre, S., Bica, I., Ribeiro, O., Dias, A., & Andrade, A. (2016). Chemical and physical restraint of patients. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences , 217 , 389-399. Fashaw, S., Chisholm, L., Mor, V., Meyers, D. J., Liu, X., Gammonley, D., & Thomas, K. (2020). Inappropriate antipsychotic use: The impact of nursing home socioeconomic and racial composition. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 68 (3), 630-636. Leis, J. A., & Shojania, K. G. (2017). A primer on PDSA: Executing plan–do–study–act cycles in practice, not just in name. BMJ Quality & Safety , 26 (7), 572-577. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Love is women’s whole existence Research Paper This paper deals with the cultural myth that “Love is women’s whole existence.” Over the years, the society has been made to believe and accept that women live only for love. However, this is not the case; it is a cultural myth whose time to go has come. Love is crucial to women; nevertheless, love is not the only goal or purpose that women live for. Apart from being lovers, women are responsible mothers, sisters, daughters, and workers as well. With changing times, women can now access decent education and jobs; which make them, lead independent lives without men. Nowadays women are living without that ‘love’ and this may explain the up surge in single mothers and single women. This myth of love being the woman’s whole existence usually accompanies the notion that a woman’s place is in the kitchen. Far from it, women are found in every profession be it military, healthcare, judiciary or even in presidency. Nothing can explain a freed woman from this cultural myth than Charlotte Bronte’s works: The Life and Loves of a She-Devil, The Mill on the Floss, and Jane Eyre . Female characters in these works struggle to shake off love and through this; they are in a position to pursue their dreams and gain the much-needed energy to overcome life challenges. For instance, in Jane Eyre, Jane portrays her autonomy and will power to overcome Rochester after realizing he has a wife. Drowned into the myth of ‘love is woman’s whole existence’, Rochester thinks Jane would become his lover and a missus. However, Jane is not set for these illusions; she walks away with only ten pounds, a piece of bread, and the clothes she was wearing. She leaves behind the jewelry and all luxuries that Rochester had brought into her life in name of love (Cadena para. 5). This may be in literature, but it translates and links strongly to what is happening in the contemporary world. Women are no longer tied to this myth and they are rising to claim their autonomy. Single mothers are on the increase and this is a clear indication that this cultural myth is obsolete. If love was the only thing that women lived for, there could not be single mothers in the society today. The word ‘single mother’ here does not refer to single mothers because of spouse’s death; it refers to single motherhood by choice. Interestingly, the current demographics are shocking to those who think that love is the only thing that women live for. For instance, in 2006 alone, 80% of the 12.9 million families headed by single parents were women (Mackay 36). Moreover, in Australia, 31% of babies born since 2001 are from unmarried women (Rickard 29). In the United Kingdom, of the 5.9 million single parents, 64% were single mothers (Bergman 8). This does not leave out South Korea, a rather conservative society. 1.6 million Children were born by single mothers in 2007 (Sang-Hun 9). These statistics shows how misplaced the cultural myth that love is the only thing women live for is. In the wake of these revelations, it is evident that there are other components in a woman’s life, which are of more importance or at least equal importance to love. If love were the only thing women had to live for, then these births by single mothers would never be. These women would have stuck with their spouses in the pursuit of that ‘love’, which matters so much in their lives. Therefore, love is not the only thing that women live; there are other elements like career and autonomy to mention but a few, that matter most or equal love in a woman’s life. Works Cited Bergman, Mike. “Single-Parent Households Showed Little Variation since 1994”. U.S. Census Bureau. 2007. Web. Annotations Cadena, Christine. “Challenging the Cultural Myth that Love is Women’s Whole Existence.” 2006. Web. This is a well-written article on how women have moved with speed to disqualify the notion that they only live for love. The author quotes extensively British writers like Bronte, Eliot, and Welden. It brings into light how these novel writers used their writing skills to portray woman’s potential not governed by love alone. Mackay, Ross. “The Impact of Family Structure and Family Change on Child Outcomes: A Personal Reading of the Research Literature Social Policy. Journal Of New Zealand 2008, 34(3); 36. Ross Mackay in this journal explores family structures and how they have changed over the time. The article gives insights on how single motherhood is rising with time and how these mothers are independent and successful. Sang-Hun, Choe. “ Group Resists Korean Stigma for Unwed Mothers .” The New York Times. 2007. Web. This article explains the stigma that unmarried women go through. In the hands of the conservative Korean society. The statistics given is a clear indication that, single motherhood is not acceptable in Korean society. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The company was created as a result of a unified effort of the following airlines: United, Delta, Continental, American, and Northwest (Case Study, n.d.). Sixteen years after its launch, the platform provides its services to more than 9 million customers each month (Case Study, n.d.). The services include, but are not limited to, the provision of search tools allowing to quickly and easily retrieve information related to air travel and hotel-booking. By using the platforms, travelers can book a flight, check flight statuses, wait times, delays, traffic conditions, weather, reviews from other travelers, and parking information among others. The aim of this paper is to analyze why the company opted for launching native apps for iOS, Android, and Kindle Fire instead of using a single mobile website. Analysis Orbitz discovered that securing flight and making lodging and car rental reservations though its mobile website are time-consuming tasks. Therefore, the company decided to eliminate its web app and provide its users with seamless reservation experience through native apps for different devices. The decision was taken at a time when the popularity of native apps increased enormously due to numerous advantages associated with them. Furthermore, the number of customers almost doubled with the introduction of mobile transactions; therefore, Orbitz redesigned its native iPhone app and intended on developing native apps for other operating systems. By eliminating its cross-platform solution and locating its search and reservation process entirely within walls of native apps, the company provided its customers with a superb user experience. Orbitz dispensed with time-consuming redirects to third parties’ websites, thereby achieving speed and ease of use (Case Study, n.d.). The company compared the performance of its iPhone app with that of their competitors such as Kayak, Priceline, Travelocity, and Expedia (Case Study, n.d). Managers of the organization discovered that its customers were able to make flight and hotel reservations twice as fast as individuals using applications of Orbitz’s rivals. It can be argued that the company’s decision to eliminate its web app was highly beneficial for mobile device users. Native apps are completely compatible with the hardware of mobile devices; therefore, Orbitz customers can use GPS functions of their devices to tag their locations on maps. Furthermore, “customers’ search history, personal information, frequent flyer program data, and travel preferences” (Case Study, n.d., p. 3) that can be stored within a native app provided the company with a competitive edge over its rivals. Another benefit of using a mobile is the ability to access itinerary data even while offline. Undoubtedly, speed, touch responsiveness, and compatibility with cameras, microphones, and accelerometers among others were noticeable advantages for the company’s management. However, compatibility with core devices capabilities is not the main advantage of native apps. Each platform has hundreds of design intricacies that are appreciated by their users; therefore, by switching to native platforms, Orbitz was able to preserve unique design patterns that are considered a key component of a platform’s ecosystem. Conclusion The company’s decision to launch native apps for iOS, Android, and Kindle Fire instead of using a single mobile website was dictated by the desire to provide its customers with a superb reservation experience. Reference Case Study. (n.d.). | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Animal Care Facilities in Introductory Videos Essay “Welcome to The Heathrow Animal Reception Centre” demonstrates the eponymous primary focus and services. It also takes the viewers on an excursion around each stage an animal goes through before traveling and upon arrival. The video demonstrates the facility’s conditions in which animals live, ensuring the comfort and safety of each guest. Heathrow Animal Reception Centre presents the sterile, responsible conditions for each type of animal with a designated wing, which is constantly under the surveillance of staff. Heathrow Animal Reception Centre delivers humanitarian aid to 80 million animals per year. The change in the pet scheme transporting legislations in 2020 due to the covid-19, the center had a 30% increase in the free flow of pet animals (City of London Corporation, 2014). Many animals, especially birds, are undergoing quarantine measures to prevent any disease that could come in due to international travel. The main takeaway from the video is that each type of animal requires a specified type of observation, which must be handled in the safest way possible, as their health may be easily damaged due to the transfer. “Air Horse Transport – Equine International Air Freight” provides the viewers with an overview of the company, and the process of handling international horse transport. The film emphasizes the experienced, professional staff, introducing people responsible for safe handling of the services. With the best quality and safe traveling conditions, the video accentuates their extensive global reach, ability to transport horses to Europe, New Zealand, the United States, and Asia/ Equine International Air Freight uses specialized quarantine facilities for preparing horses for transporting to ensure their health. Additionally, staff gets to know the animals during their quarantine to provide any necessary character specifics that might influence traveling behavior (Equine International Air Freight, 2014). Flying conditions are ensured with comfortable stables, food, water, and a designated groom to manage the horse’s stability during the flight. Each stage of transporting horses from quarantining facilities to the designated transit point is thoroughly inspected and continually maintained to ensure the horse is equipped with all necessary tools for peaceful and safe transfer. References City of London Corporation. (2014). Welcome to The Heathrow Animal Reception Centre . In YouTube . Web. Equine International Air Freight. (2014). Air Horse Transport – Equine International Air Freight . In YouTube . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Thematic Comparison 3. Comparison of Tone 4. Comparison of Rhyme Pattern 5. Conclusion Introduction The main style of narration exhibited in the two poems is persuasion. In the poem “Corrina’s Going A-May” the persona coaxes his beloved, Corrina, to go forth and enjoy the delights of the chilly morning as other young people usually do. He is wooing his lover to accept his call. We do not get to hear the response of the persona’s lover in the poem. This indicates the use of dramatic monologue. The persona also tries to make his lover feel guilty of not waking up early. He stresses that she is the only one who is still sleeping while others have already gone ahead to seek happiness. The speaker proves his point by informing his lover about other young men that have already tied the knot and are already celebrating. His intention is to make Corrina quicken her steps so that they can be together. The persona uses alliteration to stress on the urgency of the matter (Herrick line 29). The second poem also has a form of persuasiveness. The persona is attracted to the lady in a physical manner. He is trying to convince the lady to love him so that he can make love to her. He has foreseen a form of eternity in their relationship. This is only shown in the first few lines, but the rest of the persona’s persuasions are even more intense in the latter lines. He feels that the world will end before they achieve their goal of making love. He feels that death could rob him of the pleasure of the world and he would not have the chance to merry with his lover (Marvel lines 25-31). In this poem too, we do not get the response of the lady. Thematic Comparison Both poems express the theme of carpe diem . This means to seize the day or moment for the future is unseen. In the poem “Corrina’s Going A-May”, the persona tries to woo the lady to take full pleasure of the moment. He insists that the clock is ticking and old age would catch up with them (Herrick lines 57-70). The poem also illustrates that old age and death are all inevitable. This means their desires would be lost before they practice the freedom they have. In the other poem “To His Coy Mistress”, the speaker is requesting the mistress to yield to his passion before time elapses. He argues on the reality of time, space and mortality. His idea is that the lady should seize the chance and give him her body quickly for the force of death could snatch her at any moment (Marvel lines 33-40). Comparison of Tone The tone in the poem “Corrina’s Going A- May” is joyful, exuberant and full of anticipation. The speaker is happy that a new morning has sprung up and that he will have the chance to be with Corrina. He will also tie the knot with her and they would live enjoyably with each other (Herrick lines 29-42). Though old age will come, the moments will not be distressing because they had seized the opportunity and enjoyed themselves. On the other hand, the tone in Marvel’s poem is intimate. The speaker cannot wait to make love to his lady. He is full of passion and he describes how their intimacy will be carried out. His desire shows strength, sweetness and strife (Marvel lines 41-46). Comparison of Rhyme Pattern The rhyming pattern in Robert’s poem is the end rhyming scheme with a couplet. All the couplets end with a masculine rhyme except the final couplet. In Marvel’s poem the type of rhyme scheme is an end rhyme. It also depicts a couplet. Conclusion Both poems are love related, with the two speakers demonstrating their urge for love and to be with their lovers. Robert’s poem is romantic and coupled with joy whereas Marvel’s poem is more of a physical attraction. Both depict a “seize the moment” theme type. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Position Paper on “Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde” Essay The plot of the novel “Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” by Robert Louis Stevenson may seem simple, but it can be interpreted in many ways. In the introduction to the third edition, Martin A. Danahay provides several possible interpretations that researchers of writers’ works have proposed at different times. Among others, the most interesting is the topic of addiction, which is not the most apparent element of the novel. This aspect is also closely related to the ideas of dualism and the social context described in Stevenson’s book. Thus, the essay expresses the position that the interpretation of addiction is the most compelling, as it presents the most holistic and versatile view of the novel. Stevenson wrote “Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” in the middle of the 19th century, during the Victorian era. The introduction notes that the text can be considered an “expression of Victorian cultural anxieties and also as an interesting barometer of the way these anxieties have changed” (Stevenson 24). This era is characterized by the strive of people to create a more conservative social order in which they could moderate their carnal desires. The narrative is built around the idea of the dualism of different contexts, including class and morals. This assumption is confirmed by Danahay, emphasizing that “Stevenson was always interested in the idea of a double life” (Stevenson 25). Thus, the author notes not only the dualism of the individual but also of society, where the aristocracy often hid secrets behind the external nobility. In this case, an apparent dyad may seem to be Jekyll and Hyde, whose personality appears as a result of the hero’s addiction to the unknown potion. In his statement, Jekyll explains his condition by saying, “I had now two characters as well as two appearances, one was wholly evil, and the other was still the old Henry Jekyll” (Stevenson 79). It can be assumed that the author offers a dualism of good and evil, expressed in the common man Jekyll and the villain Hyde. In this case, the topic of addiction can be considered from a simple perspective: substances lead to the moral decay of a person. It is noteworthy that gradually Jekyll and Hyde merge into one whole, which suggests that the hero is directly responsible for his condition. Thus, his personal choice led to self-destruction, and evil consumed him, as he did not have the strength and courage to resist. Addiction makes the hero evil, vulgarizes him, and diminishes his moral qualities. However, Patricia Comiti offers a different perspective on the characters and drug theme in the novel, positioning the dyad of Utterson and Jekyll as the central one (113). In this case, the figure of Hyde is the direct personification of the addiction with the connection to the social context of the novel. Utterson and Jekyll represent the controversy of the Victorian era of “rationality and affect, mind and body” (Comiti 114). Hyde in the novel embodies the British fear of opium and middle-class access to alcohol and drugs at the time. While Utterson is a model of moderation and rationality, this skill is learned rather than natural. He is aware of his inclination for pleasure, like all people, but knows how to control his boundaries. Utterson contrasts with Jekyll, who completely surrendered to addiction and does not deny its harmful effects. Jekyll’s story of potion addiction and becoming Mr. Hyde illustrates the Victorian society’s drive for decadence as a refined state. The doctor constantly rejects the other side of his personality, considering him a separate, different being. He seeks to detach from him, not recognizing that this evil creature is part of him. Despite the fact that he feels ashamed of Hyde, he also longs for him, since this appearance gives him pleasure. Accordingly, Victorian society is dualistic in its pursuit of the noble appearance of Mr. Utterson and the vices which Dr. Jekyll tries to hide. Despite his high position in society and a good upbringing, Jekyll is gradually subordinate to Hyde. The same process occurs with a society that, indulges in addictions and pleasures, denies the negative impact, but over time becomes more ugly and immoral. Martin A. Danahay has provided many significant interpretations of Stevenson’s novel in the introduction to the third edition. However, the most interesting seems to be the topic of addiction and its relationship with the social context and dualistic ideas which concerned the author. The story of Dr. Jekyll’s transformation into Mr. Hyde may be an illustration of a decadent tendency in the morality of Victorian society. Moreover, the denial of this process by its members and the stigmatization of the inclination to pleasure are emphasized. In this case, the figure of Utterson, as noted by Patricia Comiti, plays a key role in a depiction of the desire to express external nobility and honor. Despite the deliberate striving to hide their vices, Victorian society is also truly afraid of addiction, as it gradually cannot cope with it. Thus, in his book, Stevenson portrayed not only the personal decline of Dr. Jekyll but also a satire on destructive social processes. References Stevenson, Robert Louis. Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde . 3rd ed., Broadview Press, 2015. Comitini, Patricia. “The Strange Case of Addiction in Robert Louis Stevenson’s Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.” Victorian Review , vol. 38, no. 1, 2012, pp. 113-131. 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U.S. Tightens Rules on Antibiotics Use for Livestock Research Paper Summary This article addresses antibiotic resistance in livestock in America (Harris, 1). The article appears in the New York Times and highlights the new regulations that farmers must adhere to before getting a prescription on antibiotics for animals. According to the article, on average, 2 million individuals become ill and an estimated 100,000 die from nosocomial infections resulting from microbial resistance to antibiotics. According to the article close to 80 percent of human antibiotics sold in the US are also used to treat animals (Harris, 1). The FDA has proposed new rules that bar farmers from administering antibiotics to farm animals such as pigs and cattle. The other regulation the FDA is putting in place requires drug manufacturers to modify drug labels to include a prescription. These new restrictions are in line with the Obama administration directive to restrict the use of antibiotics in agriculture. The new law has been both welcomed and criticized. Critics of this FDA regulation ascertain that, because the regulations are to be enforced voluntarily, most farmers, especially small scale will have a hard time implementing the changes. On the other hand, supporters of the rule argue that the restriction will reduce drug resistance in America (Harris, 1). Questions How Does Antibiotic Endurance Happen? Antibiotic resistance is a regular occurrence that has been happening from the time past of microorganisms such as bacteria. Research shows that some bacteria sequestered from glaciers, and that had not been in contact with humans or animals were found to be resilient to several existing antibiotics. In addition, research shows that a significant level of natural bacterial endurance to antibiotics must consequently be estimated but living microbial cells will be those that are of least sensitivity or are resilient. It is hard to calculate the rapidity of resistance in microorganisms as it is determined by among other things, the category of the drugs (antibiotic), the class of microorganisms, and the degree of contact the microorganisms have to drugs or antibiotics besides the capability of the resilient bacteria to endure and reproduce (Mayers, 25). Following the development of microbial resistance, the particular microorganisms could become extinct, or the resilient strains may be substituted by vulnerable microorganisms. Although current research has made tremendous gains in the area of microbial resistance to antibiotics, there is still considerable information that is unfamiliar about what ensues to drug resistance when it advances. Literature on ways to combat drug resistance indicates that it is essential to use drugs especially antibiotics at the precise prescription amount, as it ensures that the correct amount of the antibiotics reach the location of contamination within an adequate duration of time to guarantee retrieval from illness. If the accurate dosage is not administered, or if the antibiotic course is not finalized, several bacteria may persist and may be less vulnerable to treatment using the same antibiotics a second time. The less susceptible microorganisms replicate and their numbers proliferate within the microbial populace in total. What Are the Consequences of Antibiotic Endurance? When resilient microorganisms cause contagions, the range of drugs or antibiotics that can be employed to manage the infections or illnesses is narrowed. If instantaneously known, the clinician or veterinarian can apply other drugs or antibiotics with slight or no jeopardy to the patient or animal. If the resistance is not known until the course of the first drug fails to control the illness or infection, the interval between first diagnosis and the initiation of effective treatment can end up in needless suffering and a worsening of the patient’s state (Criswell). How Comparable Are The Antibiotics Spent In Domesticated Animals To Those Spent In Humans? Numerous infections in domesticated animals mimic those that originate from man, so it is no wonder that certain drugs used to combat infectious microorganisms in man are similarly useful in healing animal diseases and infections. Nevertheless, many chemical compounds employed in treating farm animals are dissimilar from those employed in humans. However, where there is a biochemical comparison in the drugs there is no proof that human beings’ use of drugs is in any manner influenced by their use in farm animals (Mayers, 25). What Consequence Would Outlawing the Use of Particular Antibiotics In Farm Animals Have on Antibiotic Resilient In Humans? There is no clear answer to this question. Nonetheless, broad exploration continues to be done in America and through the globe with the sole purpose of offering humanity an answer to the query. Despite the mystery, surrounding antibiotic and drug resistance, all the existing substantiation proposes that the usage of antibiotics and other drugs in farm animals has had a slight or no effect on the occurrence of antibiotic resilient in human contagions with microorganisms in the genus Enterococcus being transmitted by animals. Undeniably, current research indicates that microbial resistance in human Enterococcus microorganisms to drugs in the antibiotic class, used in the last twenty-five years in fowls and other farm animals all over the globe is static. This is not astonishing because the enterococci strains from farm animals do not last in the human intestine. In the existence of man, it has protractedly been recognized that some genera and classes of microorganisms such as bacteria, for instance, Campylobacter and Salmonella can be transmitted from farm animals to humans (National Office of Animal Health). Works Cited Criswell, Daniel. The Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance . 2011. Web. Harris, Gardiner. “U.S. Tightens Rules on Antibiotics Use for Livestock.” The New York Times. 2012: 1. Print. Mayers, Douglas. Antimicrobial Drug Resistance: Mechanisms of Drug Resistance. Totowa, New Jersey: Springer, 2008. Print. Appendix Article scans | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Chromebook Product Marketing Plan Report Financial Objectives for Chromebook Financial objectives in a marketing plan are usually divided into revenue, costs, and advertising. Revenue is one of the primary financial objectives for a company and is the income a business acquires from the ‘standard’ business activities that usually include selling services or products to customers. Since the marketing plan is targeted at Chromebook, a very reasonably priced laptop, the main revenue will come from selling the product. Given the fact that a Chromebook will cost $149 (Macbooks cost approximately $999), and the financial strategy is offering customers exactly what they want at a budget price, the objectified revenue from sales may equal as much as $250 million. Such estimation was based on the analysis of other companies that sell high-quality technology at low prices. For example, despite the fluctuations in popularity, Amazon manages to make $265 million from selling the Kindle e-reader, which costs between $79 and $289. The second but as important financial objective is the cost that goes toward manufacturing, material, distribution, shipping, and personnel. This stage requires more in-depth planning since it is important not only to estimate such costs but also to determine how they can be reduced. It is estimated that shipping and distribution costs may equal to $6 million, manufacturing and material cost may equal to $10 million while personnel costs may also equal to $6 million. If to follow the already-examined strategy of Amazon Kindle and apply it to Chromebook, the advertising costs may be as high as $5 million; however, it is important to remember that Google has an advantage over competitors when it comes to advertising (GoogleAds). Distribution: Direct, Indirect, or Both? A marketing mix strategy should include the decision about how a business will distribute the end product to customers. Effective distribution is necessary for the business so that the overall marketing and revenue objectives are met to the fullest extent. There are two key distribution channels that Chromebook can employ in its business processes. The first method is a direct-distribution that implies delivering the laptop to the customer straight from the manufacturer without the use of third-party intermediaries. While such a strategy may be effective for online retailing (customers can buy the Chromebook directly from a website), it will be tricky to implement it with regards to customers that want to buy laptops in physical stores. Since it is not the best option to open specialized stores to sell Chromebooks, indirect distribution can be a solution. In an indirect distribution model, a manufacturer supplies products to a wholesaler, which, in turn, supplies them to a retailer that delivers the product to consumers. This model of distribution will work best for customers that want to experience the Chromebook before buying it directly from a retailer or just prefer shopping in stores. A combination of the two distribution options may be the best solution for Chromebooks; however, if Google decides not to incorporate indirect distribution into the business process, then the management should look into opening specialized Chromebook shops or maintain the strategy of uniqueness and exclusivity by only selling laptops online. Although, this may not be the most appropriate choice since Chromebooks were created to be attainable, and selling them through only direct channels may limit the company’s chances of becoming popular and successful. Implementation and Control While creating a clear business strategy for a new product is one of the key steps a company should make, without immaculate implementation and control, the effects of the strategy may be disastrous. At the implementation stage, Chromebook’s management should go into extra effort to establish a clear marketing and advertisement cycle that will work in favor of the product. By promoting the laptop on social media, creating a dedicated website, filming commercials, and interacting with potential customers directly, the company will establish a solid base for future business operations that will take the product to the next level. It is important to remember that strategic implementation and control should not replace operational control with regards to the product a company sells. The implementation stage requires strict control of all aspects of the business process. It is important to establish clearly defined control markers that will be used by the management for evaluating the effectiveness of the implemented strategies. Such controls can include specific measures such as market shares owned by the company or marketing budgets. Milestone review will become another important component of the implementation and control of the Chromebook’s strategy since it will allow the management to assess the progress and the development of the business at specific stages. These stages will be chosen in accordance with the points at which the company committed to a specific goal. For example, when the company reaches the point when the first million of Chromebooks is sold, the management should conduct a milestone review to see what specific actions in the implementation process helped the brand achieve such success in order to use them in the future as guiding principles. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Report on Dr. King’s Letters Report Dr. King’s letter from Birmingham jail was a response to the white clergymen who had criticized black protesters’ march. Dr. King had been arrested for civil disobedience since he failed to honor a court’s injunction that required him not to lead the blacks’ demonstration without a permit. He urged the protesters to boycott the white-owned stores during Easter, something that received criticism from a statement published by the eight moderate-white clergymen (Carpenter et al. 1). Dr. King claimed his charge for being jailed is constructive, nonviolent tension following the blacks’ long wait for equal rights and the unjust laws. Through the letter, Dr. King identified the collection of facts for determining if injustices exist, negotiation, self-purification, and direct action as the four fundamental steps of nonviolent campaigns (King 1). A person needs to go through each step to see the unjust treatment of Negroes in courts, brutality records, and racial injustices that overwhelms the community, among others. The direct-action program aimed at creating a productive tension that compels those who have refused to negotiate to encounter the issue. Dr. King urged that tension is good and vital for the community’s growth since it enables people to rise above the dark depths and myths of racism and prejudice. In such regard, tension is a force of constructive action in society. Gadfly denotes an individual who continuously annoys others or changes the society’s status quo through criticism or troubling questions intended for the authorities. Dr. King is the ‘gadfly’ in this letter context because he criticizes the unjust laws and racism against the blacks and directs it towards the white moderate. He mentions that ‘waiting’ is not the solution since the blacks have waited for over 340 years and have never realized their freedom, while other nations continue to gain their political independence (King 3). King writes to the moderate white clergymen on the moral responsibility of obeying just laws and disobeying that which is unjust. He references St. Augustine that ‘an unjust law is no law’ (King 3). Such consideration reveals King’s allusion in connecting the present with historical and religious entities. An unjust law is an artificial code that is in disharmony with the moral law. ‘Negative peace’ referred to the lack of tension, while ‘positive peace’ created tension to realize justice. The attitudes of the white moderates were Dr. King’s primary concern compared to the outright enemies of integration since they championed for order instead of justice. Dr. King responded that discouraging a person from stopping the fight for gaining fundamental constitutional rights might lead to violence was wrong. He supports the opinion by adding that society should protect those robbed while punishing the robber. King welcomed the charge of extremism since he did not have a negative connotation but was satisfied with being an extremist like Jesus Christ, Jefferson, or Paul for others’ love and justice to the world. Therefore, King does not perceive the ‘extremist’ label as a bad thing since he used it to measure satisfaction. He motivated the blacks to deal with the underlying causes of racial injustices and not only its effects on society. Dr. King was disappointed with the white church because it was an active supporter of the status quo and reprimanded its ministers for encouraging members to abide by the desegregation. Thus, the white church complied with the unjust laws even when it was morally wrong. King’s relationship with the white church was full of disappointment since they lacked moral responsibility and genuine goodwill. He commended Reverend Stalling because his Christians welcomed Negroes to his worship service without bias (King 7). The Catholic leaders also received commendations for Spring Hill College integration. As he concludes, King advises the police to go home and keep working for justice. Dr. King recognizes himself as the real hero of the Civil Rights Movement. Works Cited Carpenter, C., et al. “Letter to Martin Luther King.” 1963, at; Web. King, Martin Luther Jr. “Letter from the Birmingham jail.” In Why We Can’t Wait , ed. Martin Luther King, Jr., 77-100, Harper & Row, 1963. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Educational Theories Overview Essay “Education they say is wealth”. This brings us to the topic of discussion on the theories of education. Education theory is the theory that focuses on the reason, usefulness, and understanding of learning. Education theory can also be said to be the knowledge that is conveyed into a person to meet an ethical standard of living and interaction with people in society. The functionalist perspective on the purposes and prospect of education is that every person belongs to the society; hence, having self-right and reason of belonging in the society. The functionalist further stated that Education brings about the purpose of socialization and occupational training in every society (Andersen & Taylor 2006, p.353). Diana Kendall in her book stated that the standard of education is very low and not encouraging, in that academic training does not promote the high standard required at work and in the society, hence, inability to meet the good standard of knowledge required of them. (Kendall 2009, p.394). The conflict perspective on the purposes and prospects of education is that before the dominant class has a ploy of exploiting the masses in the society. They further stated that there is competition among collections of people for power, income, and social status, highlighting the role which education plays in such conflict (Andersen & Taylor 2006, p.354). The conflicts view is on the link between learning and discrimination in society. The conflicts stated that education often brings about the difference in class, racism, and discriminations among the youths (the rich against the poor). The said youths isolate themselves from the low-class thereby inconveniencing others with their position (Kendall 2009 p.396). The interactions perspective on the purpose and prospects of education is the way people communicate and how they interact socially in their classroom or their academic years and how education is being practiced (Andersen & Taylor 2006 p.354). The functionalist asserted that since education is one of the most significant mechanisms in society, the youths are to be taught the elements of education and survival means in the society hence valuing others’ needs (Kendall 2009, p.417). The conflicts, on the other hand, asserted that schools should make the youths learn or comprehend the issues related to ethnicity, class, and gender inequalities by giving the youth sound knowledge of education by teaching matters related to conflicts and power in the society. However, the interactions asserted that education should be an avenue where the youths are to be taught how to interact socially, thereby making them gain more knowledge and to be useful and successful in society (Andersen & Taylor 2006, p.355). Education is regarded as developmental knowledge which teaches people about ethical behavior in society; it should not be used to practice any form of discrimination, irrespective of class. The saying that “knowledge is power” is to be the main focus in every person, because with knowledge one can always fit into any class or group of people they come in contact with. With the importance of education in life and backed with sound educational background, one can always move from low-class to the high-class in the society such that with a good degree there is the tendency of being employed, irrespective of the class one belongs. Reference list 1. Andersen, M. L., & Taylor, H. F. ( 2006). Sociology: the essentials. Belmont, CA Cengage Learning. 2. Kendall, D. (2009). Sociology in Our Times: The Essentials. Belmont, CA : Wadsworth Cengage Learning. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Similarities and differences between the Cherokee’s and euro-American norms Research Paper Introduction Native American Indian otherwise known as the Cherokee is a powerful Indian community. They branched from the Iroquoian-language family and originally settled in the southern Appalachians Mountains, North and South Carolina among other areas. The dominant American culture on the other hand was founded by the euro-Americans and their values and customs still dominate in the United States. Although their culture draws much from the European culture, it has unique features of its own (Norma, 1999). The American culture consists of subcultures among which are the Latin and African Americans. Similarities and differences between the Cherokee’s and euro-American norms Cherokees culture beliefs and norms were strongly influenced by the natural environment and cultural heritage that surrounded them. Education remained a high priority among the leaders of the Cherokee leading to establishment of learning institutions such as Haskell and Hampton institute where the natives learnt various vocations (Susan, 2007). The dominant American’s culture similarly embraced the culture of working hard and value achieving through education, research and innovation. Education has significantly reduced illiteracy among the Cherokee community and its availability across societies has led to availability of better living conditions. Cherokee community, just like the dominant Americans are “a civilized people.” They have been classified as exceptional Indians. They have aspects of regular civilized nation and assimilated many of the cultural practices and production methods of dominant American settlers. Although initially a wide majority of the Cherokees were reluctant to embrace values such as Christianity and education since they belonged to the whites. This attitude however continued to change over the years, and this has promoted modernity, diversity, and development (both socially and economically). In both cultures, male chauvinism was dominant. Native American Indian women exist in shadows and their position goes as far below such that their earlier activities significantly failed in documentation. Among the dominant American community, the women took the subordinate positions in the corporate world and there are evidence of massive wage differences among the male and the female working class. In the contemporary society however, women are becoming more empowered and they are beginning to acknowledge the need for individual achievement, success, and independence. This has consequently raised the status of women in the society providing motivation to women to participate in overall community development. The early Cherokee community members believed in sorcery, witchcraft, and spirits. They attributed natural occurrences to supernatural beings. They also had predefined sacred places which were associated with their religious ceremonies and festivals. The euro-Americans on the other hand embraced a rational approach to explain the universe. They attribute the day to day occurrences in nature cause-effect relationships and make informed conclusions based on research and scientific facts. The dominant American ideology has proved more realistic and other societies are now embracing it. Change in attitude towards the universe has led to breakthroughs in science and technology, health, education etc. The dominant Americans culture upholds the youth and takes pride at being young. In most of the native cultures inclusive of the Cherokees, the old are valued in the society and are considered as a source of heritage for the community. In these communities the old are a source of wisdom and are therefore treated with respect. In the dominant American culture however, the old are often ignored and sometimes even shunned. Respecting the old in the society promotes morality and also gives them a sense of worth. Assimilation and Acculturation The Cherokees culture like other settler communities in America has impacted on the culture of the dominant Americans. Through social interaction intermarriages are taking place between both communities often resulting in assimilation of the Cherokee culture. However, the Cherokee have depicted resistance towards accepting outsiders into their cultures, in fact, in the past they shunned those members of the community who intermarried. Through trade Cherokees traditional costumes, art and decorations flowed into the euro American market. They also acquired from the European market gun powder, manufactured cloths among other items to replace their primitive manufacturing tools. This improved their means of production leading to higher output. These interactions between the native Cherokees and the euro-Americans still provide diversity in the overall American culture. I learnt my culture through oral transmission. It is passed on from generation to generation through the parents. I learnt the societal norms through observations of the elder members of our society. I embrace diversity and therefore I have learnt and accommodated various aspects of the American culture since it provides me with a wide range of values to choose from. I however intend to maintain the basic core values of my culture since they define my origin. Reference List Susan, C. P. (2007). The art of Cherokee: Prehistory and present . Athens: University of Georgia press. Norma C, R. (1999). Diversity Success Strategy . New York: Butterworth-Heinemann. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Composition of Idaho State University Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Composition 3. Local Students 4. International Students 5. Working Class Persons 6. Religious Group 7. Leadership Affiliation 8. Conclusion Introduction Idaho State University (ISU) is arguably one of the largest and oldest universities in U.S having begun way back in 1900. Like any other big university, the institution attracts students from all over the world. The university is also diversified in terms ofcourses and services offered. This makes the university a place of diversity in terms of culture, tribe and the groups of people in the institution.This paper discusses the different groups of people that make up the Idaho State University community. Composition Being a large institution,ISU draws its membership from all over the world. However, the largest population comprises of Americans from State of Idaho. The next large group comprises of students from other states in America. The smallest group comprises of international students. The population of ISU can be divided into four major groups. These groups include local students, international students,working class people and religious affiliated people.Each group of people has their own characteristic features which differentiate them from the rest. Local Students This is arguably the largest group of people in ISU. It comprises of students from Idaho State as well as the neighboring states. This group is characterized by English speaking peopleof American origin.The greatest percentage is non-Hispanic whites. They comprise the largest population of the school and are equally distributed among all faculties. This group of students is also actively involved in college activities such assports and cultural activities. A subgroup of these people commutes from their nearby homes. International Students This group consists of students from other countries outside U.S. The major characteristic of this group is that most of them come from non-English speaking countries and as such they can easily be noted from theiraccent and fluency in English. A good percentage of these people are of Asian origin andthey can alsodifferentiated by their skin color. This group may not be very vibrant in school activities such as sports but they are notable in international student organization bodies. This group of people is differentiated from local people by their tendency to dissociate intosubgroups in which they share common interests such as race or origin. Working Class Persons Another important group of people that comprises the ISU community is the working class students. This group of people is characterized by the amount of hours they spend in the campus. This group is only found within the university at specified times since they have to work and study at the same time. This group is mostly found within the university in the evening. Unlike most of other groups who are affiliated with one student body or organization or another, this group have little or no affiliation at all. They are grown up people mostly aged between 30 and 50 yearswho come to either pursue adult education or advance on their academics by pursuing advanced degrees. Religious Group Another unique group of people is the religious group. ISU accommodates freedom of worship and as such a large group of students are affiliated to one religious group or another. The largest religious group is Christianity where most of the student group lies. Muslims and other religious affiliations are the minority groups of people. This religious group is characterized by its involvement in religious functions such as Sunday services, seminars, community services. In addition, this group is responsible for worship activities in the university. Its importance is well demonstrated in the way they are involved in institutional activities such as prayers during official gatherings. Leadership Affiliation Like other large universities,ISU supports and promotes leadership among students. There exists a student representative body which attracts people with leadership interests. In addition, student organizationsand other levels of representation have student leaders attached to them. All these student leaders in all categories make up this special group of people. This group is most vibrant and predominant when there are student leadership electioncampaigns within the university. They are characterized by their political and leadership ambitions.It can be argued that this is one of the most sensitive groups of people in ISU since it is sensitive to both internal and external politics. They represent the interests of the whole body of students. Conclusion It is undeniable that any large academic institution is a universal society. ISU being such a large institution is composed of different groups of people. The most predominant group is the local students who come from Idaho State and its environs. International students represent a small but important group of people in this institution. Religious group is also large and is comprised of people with common belief. Other unique and characteristic groups of people include student leaders and working class students. All these groups represent different kinds of people that make up the ISU community. Each group is important in its own way and ISU cannot survive in harmony without them. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“The Stepfather” by McCormick Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Love is blind 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Certain norms in society ought to be followed to the letter by all members of the given society irrespective of social standing. One of the key responsibilities entrenched in society is the role that parents are given to guard the wellbeing of their children, be it their biological or adopted ones. In the movie, Step Father, we see the main character, Dylan Walsh, who is entrusted with the lives of the little ones killing them. This incidence also happens severally today in most marriages and it becomes a moral question for any society. Killing in any society is evil as the right to life is strongly embedded in the constitutions of many countries in the world. Anyone who deprives the other of the right to life is heavily punished by being sentenced to death by several of the constitutions. In many societies, children are taught to trust their parents and to also respect all the decisions that the latter make in their lives. The trust begins with that of the children to their mothers. In the movie, Step Father, we see the children trusting their mother’s decision of getting married. The children find themselves in another family set up when their mother eventually gets married marriage to a man who they hardly know. The children are also seen to trust their father because their mother, Sela Ward, has shown trust in getting married to her husband, Dylan. It is devastating to see how the father ends up brutally killing the children and their mother. This demonstrates to the world that the children innocently believed and trusted their father. Society expects us to behave exactly the same as these children behaved. Even in times of suspicion, children are expected to always trust their parents. Love is blind The notion of love as being blind has been expressed by so many writers and philosophers. The fact that most people usually fall in love with their partners without doing any background investigation of their partners’ personal backgrounds is clearly brought to light by the movie (Cobban, 23). Most people are only interested in knowing about the present lives of their partners and never mind about their past. This is well demonstrated in the movie, Step Father, where we see the main character getting married to three widows one after the other and ends up killing all of them together with their children. While seducing he would be wives, Dylan Walsh pretends to be a gentleman and the women blindly fall for his seductive and charming advances. By falling in love blindly with someone, the other partner may take advantage of the situation and cause harm as is evidenced in the events of the movie. Marriage counselors always advice new couples to take time to know each other before ultimately settling down as husbands and wives. The personal history of someone can easily be obtained from the federal authorities. This would serve to expose someone who has previously committed crimes. Someone’s oral accounts cannot be taken to be true as people can lie about their past histories. Deceit has become common in our societies. Most people pretend to be who they are not. Some people will come to you seeking genuine help but they will end up deceiving you and failing to fulfill their part of the bargain. It is very hard to differentiate between someone who is talking the truth and the one who is telling a lie. In the movie, Step Father, I perceive the main character as being full of deceit. He portrays himself as a widower and a victim of circumstances yet he has been involved in a series of murders. He lies to all the women he marries and ends up killing all of them. This fact has also been observed in our societies or communities. This shows that our societies are full of conmen, cheats, fraudsters and all sorts of evildoers. There are regulations in our laws that try to curb evil acts but the evildoers sometimes end up outdoing the legal systems with their ingenious ways of committing crimes. Conclusion Societies thrive and coexist because of the people who live in them and the moral standards set by the societies. When a society rots, it does so from the top classes of people who comprise the parents and leaders in the given society. The rot also trickles down to the younger generations of people in the given society. People should embrace the teaching of the Holy Bible and the Quran and adhere to their teachings. People should also respect that life is noble, holy and divine and should always be respected at all times (Elster, 23). Only the giver of life has the authority to take it away and this is adhered to will make our societies better places to live in. Human beings are always bound by the duties of care. Abdication of these duties does not augur well with the moral expectations of the given societies. Respect is an important element of social integration, peace, stability and meaningful development. References Cobban, Helena. Atrocity: Healing Nations after Genocide and War Crimes , Boulder: Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2008.Print. Elster, Jon. Closing the books: Transitional Justice in Historical Perspective , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
He was a dominant figure in the development of graphic design in the 20 th century; besides, his works are characterized by suprematism being influenced by constructivism and Bauhaus. Fgure 1. Prouneraum. The analysis of his works can be outlined through one of his prominent works called Prouneraum (Proun Space). It is necessary to underline the fact that the picture is referred to suprematism style and is performed in abstraction manner characterizing most art works of El Lissitzky. It should be stressed that his pictures are predominantly identified through machine-like objects and smooth planning colors. The picture under analysis refers to the artist’s personal suprematist style covering abstract geometric paintings. The theme expressed by Lissitzky was dedicated to the visual suprematism language investigation. (El Lissitzky. Image Library). Unlike Lissitzky, Ludwig Hohlwein was focused on the illustration of photographic posters and paintings describing different themes, connected with advertizing campaigns, war, nature, etc. Hohlwein was an outstanding figure of 20th century art; his style can be characterized through play of shade and light giving the substance to his works. Being the prominent posterist of German art, he managed to illustrate perfect drawings differing by his individual manner of presentation. The painting under analysis is called ‘Monopol La Falce’; the picture is related to lithography, printed in 1926. It is necessary to outline the idea that in comparison with Lissitzky, who concentrated on abstract genre, Hohlwein tried to depict concrete animate and inanimate objects symbolizing various themes and aspects of social life Figure 2. ‘Monopol La Falce’. in the 20th century. The artist used to stick to shadow modulations and mixture of colors. His posters looked natural and characterized the atmosphere of epoch he lived in. It is necessary to underline the fact that Hohlwein depicted the harmony of colors never using the combination of aggressive bright paints. The most prominent themes of the artist strived to reflect were connected with elite businessmen, upper-class ladies, wealthy tourists and gourmet meals (Ludwig Hohlwein. Poster Gallery). Lucien Bernard and Jan Tschichold Figure 3. ‘Stiller’ Lucien Bernhard is considered to be a well known German artist who contributed to the development of poster style at the beginning of 20th century. It is necessary to underline the fact that his works are characterized through flat-color and reductive imagery. His pictures were dedicated to the illustration of concrete simple objects for the purpose of advertizing and branding. The picture ‘Stiller’ painted in 1908 is a bright example of the artist’s style and manner of presentation. This work was designed for Stiller shoes advertizing on commercial terms. The picture gives an opportunity to evaluate the mixture of cold and warm colors expressed through strict lines and shadows. Besides, Bernhard managed to make his objects close to life without any sophistication by complex shadow play. The principle purpose of the artist was to make his pictures understandable for the public in order to fulfill a successful advertizing campaign. (Art Galore. Lucian Bernhard: Stiller.) Comparing Bernhard to Jan Tschichold, it is necessary underline the idea, that graphic design of Tschichold completely differed from branding posters illustrated by Bernhard. This artist is considered to be a brilliant and influential figure in the world of art being characterized by his love for graphic images. He was a talented designer and calligrapher expressing the ideas of avant-garde under the impact6 of New Typography. His creation activities were influenced by the Bauhaus and had self-critical character. Figure 4. Bauhaus The artist paid attention to the commercial painting making images for catalogues and books. The central idea of his works is concentrated around white space for the purpose of making this element a part of composition identity. Besides, his works combined the features of constructivism; it should be stressed that his picture shows hierarchical ordering and asymmetrical layout of the elements within the geometric greed structure. This approach and manner was individual in 20 th century and impacted the vision of many other representatives of this sphere. It should be stressed that Tschichold used to combine half-tones in his paintings reflecting the features of typographic reflection. His designs were characterized by rightness and balance in the shadow and color combination making the pictures more available for understanding and easy perception (Raizman, 2003). References 1. Art Galore. Lucian Bernhard: Stiller. 2. El Lissitzky. Image Library. 3. Ludwig Hohlwein. Poster Gallery. 4. Raizman, D. History of modern design: graphics and products since the Industrial Revolution. Laurence King Publishing. 2003. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Eating and Mood Disorders Among Adolescents Essay The change of stage from puberty to adolescence is associated with various psychological issues and problems (Sigelman & Rider, 2006). The changes that characterize such kind of transition include new roles, family dynamics, social settings, brain and cognitive abilities. The changes of the adolescent stage are mood and eating disorders which have a serious impact on the lives of the adolescents. An eating disorder is not only an important concept among adolescents but is also an interesting one. Such disorders are prevalent among adolescents and they occur during the transition from childhood to adolescence and also during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Such disorders are more common among girls than they are among boys (Sigelman & Rider, 2006). This concept is very important as it enables adolescents to understand facts that are associated with eating disorders. It also equips the young and the adults with important information which will enable them to understand adolescents better and hence relate to them accordingly. These tendencies that advance to anorexia and bulimia are simply a result of social pressure and false obsession. My thought on eating disorders is that it is avoidable and adolescents should live up to their responsibilities to understand the changes that take place within themselves as they move from puberty to adolescence in order to avoid the emergence of unhealthy indulgence like thinning or slimming to be physically attractive. Both boys and girls should stop being driven by the opinions of their peers and the media on the standard of beauty and body size. The application of this concept is timely and it is high time the ‘madness’ of eating disorders among adolescents was stopped. Despite the social standard of body size, adolescents need to understand the fact that gaining fat experienced during pubertal changes is natural. Therefore adolescents must live responsibly by avoiding unnecessary and unhealthy thinning as well as eating too much unhealthy food staff as they approach adulthood. Stress is another important concept that poses serious risks to adolescents. This concept is significant in that it demystifies the reasons behind some unfortunate deeds common among adolescents. If the adolescent could comprehend that most depressions they experience are natural changes that accompany the transition, the suicidal thoughts, drug abuse, and hopelessness would be very minimal amongst them (Sigelman & Rider, 2006). Mt thought and opinion on stress is that stress is part and parcel of life which adolescents can survive by avoiding the storms that are associated with it if only they could become informed and responsible. Taking to alcohol and other drugs or suicide doesn’t solve any problem but instead multiplies them and even worsens in one future. I suggest that when faced with difficult situations, adolescents should know that there lies a solution out there and all they need is to seek it. All adolescents should learn from this concept of depression to avoid influencing their peers the wrong way. Parents on the other hand can also play a very important role in reducing the plights of adolescents by bringing them up in a proper way and always be there for them during times of need. Parents should avoid social storms like divorce which could impact adolescents negatively. In conclusion, eating and mood disorders are problems that can be limited amongst adolescents if only they could understand the stage. Both adolescents and their parents should try as much as possible to avoid early developments problems since they will have significance for later development (Sigelman & Rider, 2006). Any form of disorders associated with adolescents can be prevented if correct measures are taken in time and proper information is assimilated by adolescents and parents. Reference Sigelman, C., & Rider E. (2006). Life-spans Human Development . Boston: Cambridge University Press. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Red Bull”. Australian Teenage Advertisement Essay Introduction The visual appearance of the advertisement video defines the level of informational perception. It is necessary to mention, that the presented video is more accounted for youth, as elder people are not attracted by the views of aboriginal rituals. But young people usually take it as a part of entertainment, and exotics. Probably it is closely connected with childish admiration of the stories about American Indians, and the aboriginal tribes of any part of the world are associated with Indians, adventures, and magic rituals. (Driscoll, 2005) The creative concept of the video is to demonstrate the slogan of the company “Red Bull gives wings”, and the promo video displays literal realization of this slogan: shaman tries to call the rain, but constantly fails, until he tries Red Bull, and rises into the Heaven, and communicates with the gods directly. Surely, the slogan is quite formal and is meant to signify, that it just gives energy for overcoming some challenges, but such a creative concept, as shown in the video improves the awareness among the audience. (Laurie, 2001) As for the rationale, it should be emphasized, that the choices that may be made by adolescents after watching this video may not be explained by adult reasoning. One may choose coffee, and claim that it is a natural product, one may claim that Red Bull is something pretty fashionable, but some minorities would prefer not to use any energy drinks. (Zimmerman, 2004) Deconstruction of the Advertisement Video Visual features: pictures of tropical scenery attract the watcher’s attention first of all. Aboriginals, trying to extract some cocoa milk from a nut look a bit funny, on the backdrop of the existing cultures and civilizations. Thus, it may be regarded, that the presented promo video in some way diminishes the achievements of the civilized society, and religious beliefs of small idolater peoples are taken funny, and not fully respected by the advertisers and watchers. (Mazzarella, 2006) Image features: as has been stated above, the stereotype regarding the aboriginal tribes is observed here. This video is not claimed to either support these stereotypes or to break them. It just chases the aims of increasing the sales of the products promoted. “Youth brands” were judged those applied by more than 2.5% of teenagers aged 10 to 15, and when that age group made up only 4% of an audience, such product advertising was partly as likely to be created as “adult brand” advertising. “Red Bull brand accepted among youths is more probable than the adult brand to endorse in periodicals with the high youth audience,” reported the investigators from Harvard University, Boston University School of Public Health, and the Massachusetts Department of Public Health. (Driscoll, 2005) Textual features: language here is not sufficient, as the aboriginal tribes rarely use some widely known languages, moreover, the video may be translated for broadcasting in any country. Thus, only scenery stays sufficient here. Letters are large enough, as the aim is to show what is promoted. Red letters “Red Bull” and “Energy drink” are claimed to attract attention, and fix in the minds for a long time. Logo and design denote the high energy, which is given by a single can of the drink. References Driscoll, Catherine. Girls: Feminine Adolescence in Popular Culture and Cultural Theory. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005. Hendershot, Heather. “Shake, Rattle & Roll: Production and Consumption of Fundamentalist Youth Culture.” Afterimage 22.7-8 (2007): 19. Laurie, Peter. The Teenage Revolution. London: Anthony Blond, 2001. Mazzarella, Sharon R., and Norma Odom Pecora, eds. Growing Up Girls: Popular Culture and the Construction of Identity. New York: Peter Lang, 2006. Zimmerman, Jill S. “An Image to Heal.” The Humanist. 2004: 20. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Using Conflict in Organizations Written by C.K.W De Dreu and E.V. De Vliert Essay (Article) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Summary and Critique 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Conflict Management is the process where organizations focus more on maximizing the positive effects of a conflict and less on the negative effects. Conflict management improves group results, and enhances an organization’s effectiveness.. This paper is a critique and summary of the journal article titled Using Conflict in Organizations written by Carsten K W De Dreu and Evert Van De Vliert. Summary and Critique According to the journal article, conflict in an organization takes place when a group or individual feels negatively affected by the activities of another group or individual. This happens when individuals or groups consider the behavior or activities of others incompatible. In addition, the article says that in an organization, conflict may arise because of differences in power, competing over scarce resources, and tendencies to differentiate other than converge. Further, the article says that organizational conflict can occur between two or more people in small work teams or groups, as well as temporary coalitions. The chapters in the journal article tackle a variety of large and small disputes and conflicts that take place in organizations and groups. There are some chapters in the journal article that look at conflicts existing at micro levels between two people sharing an office or between two people competing for scarce resources. However, there are other chapters that study organizational conflict that takes place in teams. Some team members may feel that management is favoring others by giving them higher salaries and benefits. Moreover, the journal has four parts that tackle the issue of organizational conflict and performance in different ways. The first part deals with the relationship that exists between performance and conflict management. In addition, this part views the conditions that come with conflict managements, as being productive to an organization and its groups. The second part looks at the conflicts that exist between teams and examines the principles and processes that make it a useful tool in an organization’s decision making process. On the other hand, the third part looks at group competition, as well as conflict. This part offers an insight on the conditions that hinder and foster the process. The last part of the journal article makes an outline of how to develop interventions based on the knowledge presented on the first three parts (Evert, 2013). The journal has a theoretical advice for those who engage in organizational conflict, as well as those who assist in resolving the conflicts. The aim of the theoretical advice contained in the journal is to make conflict beneficial to all organizations and groups. Organizations should ensure that they come up with ways of resolving conflicts to avoid losing their productive employees. An organization that caters well for its employees finds it easy in making profits because employees feel valued. Further, there are those who feel that some employees in an organization engage in incompatible activities. Such employees tend to feel left out in organizational activities, leading to under performance. Conclusion The paper has established that many organizations face conflicts in their teams, as well as activities. An organization should have a department tasked with the responsibility of resolving conflicts, as and when they emerge. This can increase performance in the organization, and increase trust among employees. References Evert, C. (2013). Google Books . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Effective System Workflow Preventing Medical Errors Research Paper The issue of medication errors is one of the most relevant to the healthcare system problem. During the practicum, I observed that even professional clinicians could make dangerous for the patient’s safety errors due to the high pressure and multitask activities. Organizing an effective system workflow can be helpful in medication errors prevention. Particular scientific concepts and emerging technologies can improve the effective system workflow in nursing. The specifically adapted communication system can significantly fasten the information exchange, decreasing medication errors risks. Thus, one of the technologies which can make nurses’ communication easier and faster is the clinical communication platform (Ajuwond et al., 2018). Another approach to enhance the nurses’ productivity and attentiveness through the system workflow development is the usage of electronic health records systems. According to the practical research, such a system significantly alleviates the nurses’ work, allowing them to be more concentrated and make fewer mistakes (Abraham et al., 2017. The last concept which can be efficient in improving the system workflow in nursing is technologically-conditioned training using virtual reality (VR) (Chen et al., 2020). This scientific research proves that VR medical training increases the productiveness of nurses and reduces medication errors. From my observation, I would like to emphasize that all three mentioned the medical organization applied concepts during the practicum experience. The VR technologies prepare nurses for the work in real-life conditions, while the electronic health records systems helped them manage a considerable flow of the data in practice. However, even though the clinical communication platform was used, the nurses lacked technological awareness and could not deal with the applications effectively. Speaking about approaching the problem of medication errors, I would offer to design the program to allow the nurses to increase their technological awareness and apply emerging technologies more productively. Staff training is a vital part of the effective system workflow administrating. Therefore, the medical organization should not overlook such an important factor as professionally-oriented technological awareness development. References Ajuwond, A., Bruhlmann, F., Dipeolud, O., Grohbiel, U., Odetola, D., & Pimmer, C. (2018). Instant messaging and nursing students’ clinical learning experience . Nurse Education Today, 64 , 119–124. Web. Abraham, P., DiPlotti, C., Han, JE., Honig, E., Martin, GS., Perez, S., & Rabinovich, M. (2017). Evaluation of medication errors with implementation of electronic health record technology in the medical intensive care unit . Open Access Journal of Clinical Trials, 9 (1), 31–40. Web. Chen, B., Chen, F., Ge, J., Leng, Y., Li, C., Sun, Z., & Wang, D. (2020). Effectiveness of virtual reality in nursing education . Med Internet Res, 22 (9), 1–12. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Victorian Society in Wild’s Play vs. Dickens’ Novel Report Wilde portrays Victorian community as insincere, snooty and constricted. People are valued by their wealth and the communal position of their families. For instance Lady Bracknell is not too passionate about Algernon getting married Cicely until she attends to how rich Cicely is: Then she instantly portrays her as a rather “attractive young lady.” Wilde’s community, though apparently very customary and firm, is essentially quite worried about being destabilized by strangers: Lady Bracknell even evaluates Jack’s being found in a purse with “the worst immoderation of the French Revolution” Oscar Wilde was simply the most infamous homosexual of the Puritanical Victorian era. His directness and ensuing trials pictured the conventional community to extreme examination. Despite the unconstructive conversations, the confusion made by Wilde assisted to fuel a later association towards acceptance of which Wilde could only have dreamed. His recommence entails the titles of performer, poet, novelist and convicted criminal. The Victorian epoch was about technological growth. It was an effort aimed at cleaning up the community and establishing a moral standard. The Victorian era was a period of comparative peace and financial steadiness (Marshall 783). Victorians did not desire anything “unclean” or “improper” to obstruct with their notion of faultlessness. Therefore, this citation, taken from Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray, rimming with homosexual suggestions, was regarded unfortunate. Due to the time epoch’s standards, Oscar Wilde was made to hide behind a thin sheet of inference and parallel. Wilde was preoccupied with the perfect representation. Although he dressed more ostentatiously than the modern dress, it was to make an representation of himself. Wilde was frightened of illuminating his homosexuality as he knew that he would be disaffected and excluded from the community. Through his works, Oscar Wilde unreservedly reproduced his homosexual way of life as he feared the consequences from the conventional Victorian era in which he lived. Dickens, nevertheless writing earlier than Wilde, essentially depicts a community in much more confusion. This is because he is narrating on the matters of Industrial Revolution, and his protagonists are mainly middle and working class unlike Wilde’s members of the aristocracy. In Hard Times “the self-made man” keeps all the force, and more “upper-class” people like Mrs Sparsit are made to live as scroungers. However, Dickens’ community is just as duplicitous as Wilde’s, as we see when Bounderby is debunked. Reader could contrast his condition with Jack’s. The nineteenth-century Victorian novel series was a way for audience and writers to make a narrative last years and be talked about continuously like the day by day soap opera of this epoch. The serial is an constant story that is told over time by the means of repayments with disruptions or stops. Its history will give great realizing to just how significant Charles Dickens was to sequential newspaper and how significant serial publication was to nineteenth-century booklovers. Nevertheless, the sequence was not just a matter of writing for mere amusement. It was more occupied in the way of life of the nineteenth-century people than it was thought to be. The pictures of life in the nineteenth-century were concentrated on increase, length, and wealth, and the serial demonstrated this. As the serial was a apparition and an angle on narrations about life in the Victorian times and society, it enlightened people of all social stratum, but particularly the middle class. These people, like the temperaments in the narratives, were looking for betterment. The evaluations of serial novels depended on how well the narrations represented and imagined the life that subsisted in the Victorian times. The sequence originally started as a way to evade an English tax. Newspapers were anticipating to pay a higher charge than they were originally paying on the manuscript they used to issue their work; they evaded the extra tax by using larger pages of paper and calling their newspapers brochures. However, these larger sheets had more space for text, and series filled up this unfilled space. The “London Spy,” the first series, was published in 1698. When the paper tax was lastly canceled, series continued as readers benefited from it so much. Newspapers and magazines alike entailed serials in their issuing in order to gain more purchasers; “a popular series could double readership”. Publications of all categories, entailing serials, were decreased because of to the higher paper charges. Serial novels made a response in the Victorian era with Charles Dickens and his Pickwick Papers in 1836. It was publishers Chapman and Hall who offered Dickens the possibility to reveal his talent as a serial writer. They made a decision to issue a sequence of sporting pictures in installments with text describing each picture. Thus, the audience selected its writer for itself, as Dickens’ narrations were close to reality and working class, who was reading those novels. References Foster, David. “Oscar Wilde, De Profundis and the Rhetoric of Agency.” Papers on Language & Literature 37.1 (2001): 85. Gillespie, Michael Patrick. Oscar Wilde and the Poetics of Ambiguity. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 1996. Nayder, Lillian. Unequal Partners: Charles Dickens, Wilkie Collins, and Victorian Authorship. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2002. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Balanced Scorecard and Compensation in Accounting Case Study Mobil allowed the individual business units to create their own Balanced Scorecards, including the measures and targets. that would be used to determine the managers’ compensation. Additionally, the individual managers could assign weights to the various measures to determine how much each would contribute toward the calculation of the manager’s bonus. What are the advantages and possible problems with this method? The Balanced Scorecard is a tool utilized in corporations for the purpose of compensating workers in a way that is beneficial for both the management and the workforce. The Balanced Scorecard technique aids assessment of corporation performance in terms of monetary and nonmonetary aspects. Connecting compensation to the Balanced Scorecard is useful because it acts as an equitable way of evaluating performance of companies by utilizing similar standards. The connection between company profitability and the amount of reward motivates employees to improve their performance. Realization of company’s goals is possible with the implementation of Balanced Scorecard and compensation. Usually, achievement of the goals and objectives of the company depends on the productivity of workers. Utilization of the Balanced Scorecard motivates workers to improve their performance and in turn achieve rewards. The linkage between the Balanced Scorecard and compensation operates well within the organization which possesses established quality programs, for example, the Mobil Corporation has implemented quality programs facilitating the efficient integration of Balanced Scorecard. Assimilation of the Balanced Scorecard and compensation employs tactics and visions in which the company has to define its goals and objectives. People create their own unique methodologies to achieve the set goals. Utilization of Balanced Scorecard enables managers to improve performance in sections that act as bottle necks. The use of performance factor based on the complexity of the target is significant to employees. This is because it separates difficult tasks from those which are easy to achieve. This does not only motivate employees but also helps in the achievement of corporate goals. Disadvantages of linking the Balanced Scorecard with compensation are evident because the implementation becomes complex due to the time factor. The process of implementation is time consuming; maintaining the linkage between the Balanced Scorecard and compensation for a long period is difficult. The use of scorecards with compensation can allow the wrong use and definition of measures. Poor definition of measures can lead to unfair rewarding because performance attained by workers may be insensible. There is a difference in compensation between a normal employee and a senior executive. Even when the employee works harder than the executive does, their salaries cannot be similar. The reward system may rely on the amount of salary that the employee receives. This becomes unfair when lower paid workers are more productive as compared to those with bigger salaries. It negatively affects people working in a developing company because at this level, the performance of the company in terms of profitability is low, thus workers receive low compensation. The Balanced Scorecard method lacks sufficient tools to measure performance of the company at a rebuilding phase, thus contributing to unfair compensation for workers. Assume the company previously based bonuses on the financial performance of the business unit. How would you suggest the company handle the transition from the previous method of determining compensation to one based on the Balanced Scorecard? In order for the company to change from the previous method into another one that utilizes the Balanced Scorecard, it must ensure assessment of the entire business plan. The company is to work out various business procedures, goals plus objectives. It should indicate the rank measures that are suitable for the progress of the organization in attaining its goals and objectives. The company has to employ strategic planning with the management for the purpose of reaching a consensus on goals, visions and objectives of the business. The company can handle the transition by purposely forming a committee for devising company aims. Utilizing the Balanced Scorecard as a communication tool is vital in this process because the members have a chance to comment on the progress of the committee. A requirement exists for a revision of the scorecard followed by a passage of information regarding the contents of the revised scorecard. Every person should form one’s own Balanced Scorecard for the purpose of achieving goals and objectives. The planning committee should review individual scorecards and compare them with those of the corporation. The management should develop a long term plan for the corporation by considering the Balanced Scorecard. Through evaluation of the Balanced Scorecard for each employee in the organization, the company can make necessary recommendations concerning the rewards of the workers. After identification of objectives, the organization has to create performance measures for every goal. The measurements will be useful for monitoring the success of the company plans and exposing possible gaps that may emanate between the present and expected performance. Initiatives emphasizing on strategic objectives should be in place. In the process of linking the Balanced Scorecard with compensation, there should be a connection with the team as well. This is fundamental in aiding responsibility for performance. An organization implementing the Balanced Scorecard system should ensure proper reporting of various measures with regard to performance. This ensures that required data reaches the proper partiers in a timely way. The company should ensure that all the individuals in the organization are aware of the transition which is to occur. They should have a proper understanding of the significance of the Balanced Scorecard to the company. This knowledge will enable employees to respond positively to strategies aimed at transforming the organization into a user of the Balanced Scorecard. The process of connecting compensation to the Balanced Scorecard requires the collaboration of the executive and lower level managers. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Ethics and Social Responsibility in International Business Research Paper The importance of ethics in the global business environment needs to be over emphasized. Nowadays, the need for ideal ethical behavior within organizations is paramount if organizations are to avoid potential lawsuits and other uncertainties in their operations as new business trends emerge on a daily basis causing problems to organizations and end users. Public scandals of corporate malfeasance and malpractices, which and have even claimed death of many organizations, have profoundly influenced the public perception of many multinational organizations. Cases in point are large organizations such as Enron, Arthur Andersen and WorldCom among others. The recent expansion of global business as well as decline of trade barriers has necessitated the world over to further underpin the interest in the topics of ethical behavior and social responsibility. On top of this, human rights and environmental conservation are getting more recognition with every passing day in both academic as well as commercial circles. As multinational organizations expand globally and establish operations in foreign markets, ethical conduct of their officers and employees gain more importance since the cultural diversity that usually accompany such expansion may compromise the much shared cultural and ethical values observable in the more homogeneous organizations (Morf, Duffy, et al. 1999 ). Although understanding of other cultures and acknowledgement of differences among them will enhance the cross-cultural communication, it may not be enough to offer ideal structures of proper ethical behavior in organizations. In the academic circles, the culture-based consequentiality model is developed to explain among other things, how cultural differences influence the ethical perceptions as well as actions of individuals engaged in making decisions with ethical overtones. Multinationals need to come to terms with the legal and moral atmosphere in which they operate. And above all, they need to establish an environment that fosters ethical behavior, because in the final analysis to do otherwise eats into their profitability. In contrast to this opinion, some scholars advanced the theory of Virtuous Ethics, which is defined as a theory that focuses mainly on an individual’s moral character. According to these scholars, marketing researchers attach little importance to virtuous ethics. Furthermore, they propose that without considering virtuous ethics, an elaborate analysis of the ethical character of marketing decision makers and their strategies cannot be attained. Strategies such as the codes of ethics represent one means of achieving the ultimate goal of having ethical international responsibility of business worldwide. There are numerous ethical responsibilities faced by multinational organizations. Therefore, just as one can value an individual’s culture by his or her actions and personal activities, ethical climate can be observed on a larger scale; in this case, the organization. Here, ethical climate is the employee’s perception of the norms of an organization (Bartels et al., 1998). Organizations that have a robust ethical climate experience few serious ethical problems and are more successful in coping with such problems. Their research suggests that it is vital for managers to consider developing strong ethical climates in order to equip organizational members with the capability to deal with ethical dilemmas. They have to oversee the development and maintenance of clear and robust set of norms to promote good ethical behavior. As Laczniak, et al (2007) has pointed out an organization’s codes of ethics and enforcement of rules goes a long way in controlling the direct behavior of social entities. Based on the above analysis, multinationals must acknowledge the need for a homogenous code of business ethics. Without such a code, the conduct of players in this field will be unpredictable. Furthermore, national governments need to know that the most effective way of safeguarding their citizens, their national interests, and that of the global environment against the vagaries of the global business depend on the development, adoption and enforcement of such a code. However, a surge of momentum has been witnessed the world over owing to increasing interest and awareness of the parties concerned. Many multinational companies such as Toyota, Siemens, General Mills and Johnson & Johnson among others have written guidelines that elaborately and explicitly detail how employees are expected to treat suppliers, customers, competitors, as well as other parties. There are those that have formulated formal codes of ethics—written statements about the values and ethical standards that guide the institutions’ operations Some multinational companies deal with ethical issues proactively, by giving their employees training on how to handle ethical dilemmas. At Boeing, for instance, line managers are responsible for overseeing training sessions for other employees, and the company also has an ethics committee that answers directly to the board of directors. The training sessions entail discussions of various ethical dilemmas that employees might face and how best to handle them. Organizational practices as well as corporate culture also have an influence on the management of ethical behavior. If leaders in a firm conduct themselves in an ethical manner and violations of ethical standards are promptly and ideally addressed, then everyone in the organization will recognize that the firm expects them to conduct themselves in an ethical manner. If leaders appear to be above the set ethical standards or either trivialize or ignore unethical behaviors, then the wrong message is sent to the employees. References Bartels L.K. et al. (1998). The Relationship between Ethical Climate and Ethical Problems within Human Resource Management”, Journal of Business Ethics Vol. 17, 799-804. Laczniak, G. R. and Inderrieden J. (2007). The Influence of Stated Organizational Concern upon Ethical Decision Making, Journal of Business Ethics. Vol 6, 297-307. Morf, Duffy A., et al. (1999). A Survey of Ethics Officers in Large Organizations, Journal of Business Ethics. Vol 20, 265-271 | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
These companies should pay attention to labor variances, focusing on the rate and efficiency variances, as well as labor cost variances to retain the workforce and address the consumer demand. Labor variances can depend on the direct labor hours, capacity, and costs associated with the staff’s work during high and low seasons. Material variances are also associated with changes in the price and quantity of the produced equipment or proposed services. It is also necessary to focus on the overhead variances related to the spending, volume, and efficiency ( Variance analysis in airlines , 2008). Airlines should predict changes in costs and refer to variances influenced by exchange rates, changes in commissions, and traffic rates because they affect the processes of budgeting costs and completing the labor and material variance analysis in the aviation industry. Assignment: Case Study To: XXX From: XXX Date: May 7, 2016 Subject: The Favorable and Unfavorable Variances’ Impact on Cost of Goods Sold While discussing the interdependence between Cost of Goods Sold and the favorable variance, it is important to note that Cost of Goods Sold is inclined to decrease when it is necessary to close the favorable variance. In this case, the gross margin increases. These processes can be explained with references to the fact that favorable variances are credited, and it is also necessary to credit Cost of Goods Sold (Wild, Shaw, & Chiappetta, 2012). As a result, it will be possible to close balances. Still, Cost of Goods Sold should be regarded as a debit balance, and the process of crediting caused by the favorable variance leads to decreasing Cost of Goods Sold (Wild et al., 2012). On the contrary, the gross margin increases because Cost of Goods Sold decreases while allowing the reference to more resources. In a situation when the variance is unfavorable, Cost of Goods Sold can increase. In this case, the gross margin will potentially decrease. The unfavorable variance is regarded as a debit balance that leads to debiting Cost of Goods Sold. As a result, the amount increases (Wild et al., 2012). On the contrary, the increased amount of Cost of Goods Sold leads to decreasing the gross margin. From this point, the changes depend on differences between the debit and credit potential of balances (Wild et al., 2012). It is important to refer to actual costs while closing the variances in order to understand the difference between projected and received revenues or numbers presented on the balance sheet. While discussing the expected changes, it is necessary to focus on the meaning of the favorable and unfavorable variances that influence the discussed changes in Cost of Goods Sold and the gross margin. The favorable variance means that the high operating profit is observed and that the stated actual costs are lower than the projected or budgeted ones. In this case, the higher revenues can be observed if other conditions remain equal for the concrete period of time (Wild et al., 2012). On the contrary, the unfavorable variance means that the actual costs are higher than the planned ones. As a result, the profit or revenue can be lower than it was expected. The focus is on the situation when other conditions remain equal. References Variance analysis in airlines . (2008). Web. Wild, J., Shaw, K., & Chiappetta, B. (2012). Fundamental accounting principles . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
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