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Older Relatives’ Needs and How to Address Them Essay Caregivers of older relatives (OR) often face challenges in managing the needs of the specified vulnerable group properly. While nursing homes provide professional assistance, placing OR in a nursing home is a difficult decision, hence the tendency for younger family members to become caregivers to their OR (Krishnan et al., 2017). The choice of catering to the needs of OR in the family setting leads to meeting their cultural needs more effectively. However, as my case has shown, the specified decision implies helping OR to recognize changes in the roles that they play in the family, which requires extensive support and education form a nursing expert. Because of the lack of the skills of communicating with an OR with dementia, I had difficulties helping my great-grandfather to realize that his role in the family has been shifted from leading to receiving support. As a result, he often became upset when realizing that he required assistance in using kitchen utensils or walking across a room filled with objects over which he could trip. The issue of falls was especially difficult to manage since he faced the threat of a fall consistently yet refused any help with walking, insisting that he could handle it himself. Although the specified story might seem insignificant, it shows how important family education and accommodation of older patients are. With the support and consultations of a nurse, I would have developed a strategy that could have helped the great-grandfather to reconcile with the change in his role in the family. Moreover, a nursing approach aimed at changes in a patient’s behavior and the education of caregivers would have led to the better accommodation of his needs, such as reducing the threat of a fall (Hoffman et al., 2017). Therefore, the case described above can be used as an example of how important the education of OR caregivers and their communication with a nurse are. References Hoffman, G. J., Hays, R. D., Wallace, S. P., Shapiro, M., Yakusheva, O., & Ettner, S. L. (2017). Receipt of caregiving and fall risk in US community-dwelling older adults. Medical Care, 55 (4), 371-378. Web. Krishnan, S., Pappadis, M. R., Weller, S. C., Stearnes, M., Kumar, A., Ottenbacher, K. J., & Reistetter, T. A. (2017). Needs of stroke survivors as perceived by their caregivers: A scoping review. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 96 (7), 487-505. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Analysis of Crime and Violence Trauma Essay It is important to note that traumatic experiences in one’s past can lead to reactions, which can be highly disruptive and unpredictable. Such reactions include violence and crime, which puts not only the life of a traumatized person at risk but also other people affected by the crime of violence. Regardless of one’s conditions, including severe trauma, violence and crime are justifiable reactions. Both violence and crime bring damage to other innocent individuals, which means that one’s traumatic reaction is hurting society. It is stated that among incarcerated women, “the majority of the sample (70.8 %) reported using illicit drugs, and 59.6 % had committed at least one violent offense. History of drug use was significantly correlated with trauma, PTSD status, and violent offending” (Howard et al., 2016, p. 21). In other words, all of these women have high rates of some form of traumatic past, which led to crime and subsequent incarceration. The judicial system does not allow one’s past trauma to justify crime and violence. Among male prisoners, “incarcerated offenders are more likely to experience Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and associated symptoms than the general population. PTSD may develop from a variety of events, including being a victim of violence, witnessing violence, or from committing a violent offense.” (Ternes et al., 2019, p. 68). In other words, these men are imprisoned primarily due to their criminal actions, and they tend to have some form of traumatic past. However, crime or violence does not justify one’s trauma, which is indicated by the prevalence of trauma among prisoners of both genders. In conclusion, trauma was highly common among incarcerated individuals, and they were imprisoned due to their crimes, some of which included violence. References Howard, R., Karatzias, T., Power, K., & Mahoney, A. (2016). Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms mediate the relationship between substance misuse and violent offending among female prisoners. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 52 (1), 21–25. Web. Ternes, M., Cooper, B. S., & Griesel, D. (2019). The perpetration of violence and the experience of trauma: Exploring predictors of PTSD symptoms in male violent offenders. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 19 (1), 68–83. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Mississippi Code of Ethics in Connection to Athletics Research Paper Introduction Many people participate in athletics, which has penetrated the globe’s farthest corners, becoming one of the most popular sports in the world. Athletics was the first sport in which competitions were held, and some elements of athletics form the basis of many modern marks. A code of ethics was created to regulate the norms and rules of conduct in a particular field. The code contains the most important principles and expectations of all persons involved in the area. This paper will examine the Mississippi Code of Ethics and how its components relate to athletics. Standard 1: Professional Conduct This section addresses educators’ ethical and unethical conduct, and it applies directly to athletics, specifically athletes and coaches. In the same way as educators, they must demonstrate behavior consistent with generally recognized professional standards. It is vital for athletes and coaches to be respectful and supportive of colleagues, not lower their competence, and demonstrate professionalism in their work and interactions with competitors, trainers, and staff. Standard 2: Trustworthiness This section of the code has to do with fairness. It states that an educator must demonstrate honesty and integrity in professional practice (Mississippi Department of Education, 1998). Likewise, a player in athletics should understand his role in building and maintaining a culture of openness and high standards of ethics, especially in training, competition, and performance. Cheating and tampering should not be acceptable for the sport. People involved in the field should strive to raise the prestige of athletics. Standard 3: Unlawful Acts This section deals with unlawful acts of various kinds related to instruction and what items constitute unethical behavior. It notes that an educator must comply with federal, state, and local laws and not commit crimes of various kinds (Mississippi Department of Education, 1998). Athletes, coaches, and trainers must also comply with all applicable laws and regulations, including the standards of the World Athletics Association and the European Athletics Association. Standard 4: Educator/Student Relationships This section raises the topic of professionalism, subordination, and the overall educator-student contact. While looking at this sector in athletics, it is essential to note that there must also be a professional work environment with safe and healthy working conditions. Inappropriate behavior or harassment in the relationship between a coach and an athlete is unacceptable. It is vital to take relevant action to avoid any form of discrimination, physical, verbal, or emotional bullying, and other insults. Standard 5: Educator/Collegial Relationships This sector addresses the topic of educator-collegial relationships: educators should keep a professional connection with their co-workers. Similarly, in athletics, athletes should treat their colleagues with respect and avoid discrimination on any grounds, for example, race, gender, or sexual orientation. It is necessary to refrain from exceeding one’s official duties and not to abuse one’s authority. An important point is the proper handling of confidential, medical, and other information protected by personal data protection laws. Standard 6: Alcohol, Drug and Tobacco Use or Possession This section deals with the use of alcohol and other drugs. Knowledge of anti-doping rules is an unconditional duty of all members of the athletics community. In sports, it is considered unacceptable to distribute or use illegal substances and to use non-prescription drugs in the workplace. Athletics does not tolerate any form of abuse during training, competition, or other events while under the influence of different intoxicants. Such conduct is considered unethical and may harm the reputation of athletics. Standard 7: Public Funds and Property This section addresses the attitude of educators toward public stocks and resources: a teacher shall not purposely use funds, personnel, or equipment in their possession. Athletes, in turn, should ensure that the property and sources of the athletics sector, including intellectual resources, are preserved, and used as efficiently as possible. The finance of this sporting sector must be handled with care to ensure that they are not misused or misappropriated illegally. Standard 8: Remunerative Conduct This sector addresses the issue of exemplary behavior of educators toward colleagues, students, and parents. In athletics, bribery and corruption are unacceptable in any form. Athletes, coaches, and others in this sector should deal honestly with the state and public officials, avoiding corrupt practices. Athletes should not give or accept gifts or other tokens of business hospitality in exchange for work opportunities, services, and other benefits. Standard 9: Maintenance of Confidentiality This section raises the topic of maintaining confidentiality and discusses aspects that relate to ethical and unethical behavior. Athletes must respect and protect confidential information and comply with data privacy laws. Applicable personal data protection laws should only share information with those authorized to receive it. Under no circumstances should data be shared on public forums, social networks, or any other platforms that are publicly available. Standard 10: Breach of Contract or Abandonment of Employment This section addresses the violation of a contract or abandonment of a job. An educator must comply with all the terms and obligations outlined in the contract they have entered (Mississippi Department of Education, 1998). People associated with and involved in athletics through an employment contract must respect all terms and conditions stated in the document. Refusing to work, and not complying with specific clauses without a valid reason is unethical and shows unprofessionalism. Conclusion This paper examined the Mississippi Code of Ethics and how its components relate to athletics. Based on the study, it can be concluded that the main aspects of ethical and unethical behavior of athletes are closely intertwined with elements that relate to the conduct of educators in the field of education. Adherence to ethical standards makes athletics attractive and accessible to all, develops a culture of clean and fair sport, and organizes work based on professionalism, trust, and openness. Reference Mississippi Department of Education. (1998). Mississippi educator code of ethics and standards of conduct . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Hazardous Chemical Containment Case Study Report Introduction This paper answers the questions taken from the case study on hazardous chemical containment. The case study from chapters 12 and 13 of the book, Chemistry of Hazardous Materials, fifth edition, authored by Eugene Meyer. How to Proceed Having established that the store has flammable drums, which can be of different chemicals, still unknown, I will immediately get my 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook to get a clear picture of what exactly the spilling chemical is. I will attempt to look at the labels on the drums and match them, if possible, with the guides on the ERG2008. Say I find the match to be a peroxide organic compound, speed becomes necessary given that the chemical is a strong oxidizer and therefore inflammable. The entire plant is in grave danger of catching fire at the slightest presence of heat and hence must be evacuated. The proximity of the chemical to other “flammable” drums complicate the situation further since oxidizers are fire intensifying. After evacuating the building, I will proceed to secure the scene and then wait for reinforcement (ERG, 2008). The Information Needed. How it is Gathered. And the Instructions Given The information seriously needed is the nature of the chemical that has spilled. It is this knowledge that will inform our next step. First, it has been identified that the storage is highly inflammable and therefore we minimize chances of heating (Meyer, 2009). We find the punctured drum and record its label; it is this information that we use to identify the chemical correctly. Emergency Response Guide 2008 becomes our invaluable resource for the chemical identification. As the first instruction to the team, I will insist on the necessity of protective clothing before getting to the scene. Secondly, I will highly discourage the touching of the chemical and encourage swiftness in getting the information from the label of the punctured drum. Lastly, I will warn against causing any heat/fire that can cause havoc. Hazardous Situations Faced by the Team The most obvious hazardous situation that the team faces when determining the nature of the spillage is the danger of the storage catching fire and being consumed by the conflagration. The chemical is a strong oxidizer and given the flammable nature of the adjacent chemicals, any slightest heat will engulf the building with fire. As an oxidizer, the priority will be to prevent fire by all means because it will be difficult to contain once started thus the destruction of colossal amount of property (Meyer, 2009). After determining the nature of the chemical, the next step will involve how to clear the spillage from the store without interfering with the other unpunctured drums. Any other Restraint to be Exercised People without expertise on responding to hazardous chemical situations should be kept at bay to avoid accidents. Only few experts from the team should be allowed to get to the store and find the label of the punctured drum. The reason is to minimize the loss of human life should the storage catch fire. Advice to Individuals coming to the Scene The scene will be cordoned off from the reach of individuals who will be coming to the site. Warning signs will be put depicting the site as dangerous and warning people to stay away. Given the high flammability of the chemicals in the storage, it will be imperative to evacuate all the employees from the entire building; no chances will be taken with lives. They will be asked to switch off all the machines that can generate heat, and if possible switch off the power from the main switch. However, the raw materials and other finished products should not be necessarily removed except those around the spillage that may increase the danger of fire breakout. Meanwhile, employees will be asked to stay at a safer distance from the scene and advised against panicking. Conclusion It is very important to determine the exact nature of the chemical that spilled in order to apply the appropriate skills and equipment to contain it without causing damage to either people’s lives or property. By securing the scene and putting a cordon around it, I will manage to minimize accidents by allowing people with little or no knowledge on hazardous chemical emergency response to get closer. Assuming that the chemical is a peroxide organic compound, which is a strong oxidizer, extra care is taken to avoid heat that can easily generate uncontrollable conflagration. References ERG. 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook: A Guidebook For First Responders During The Initial Phase of A Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Transportation Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration. Meyer, E. (2009). Chemistry of Hazardous Materials. 5 th Edition (pp. 525-658). New York, NY: Prentice Hall. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Overall American Policies Report (Assessment) The Federalists Papers The Federalists papers are the documents that preceded and anticipated the Constitution of the United States. They represent a collection of essays, and articles mainly written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay, public activists, who estimated the American society from philosophical and governmental perspective. They concluded that America contemporary to them should become a commercial republic. The Federalists papers influenced a number of the U.S. constitutional provisions. There were also implications that were used in creating Bill of Rights. In terms of political influence, The Federalists papers surpassed their time and affected two of the most powerful documents used in American politics until today and beyond. John Locke John Locke is one of the philosophers who brought the concept of liberalism to a new level. He is often referred to as a father of Liberalism due to his contributions. In many ways, his views on republicanism and liberal society gave inspiration to the theorists of the American Revolution. Locke developed the concept of natural rights for all human beings that is underlying for American society and the notion of social contract. He contributed to the ideas of freedom and equality that are crucial for American political and public life. Necessary and Proper (Expedient Clause) It is a provisional clause of the U.S. Constitution. It underlines the duty and right of the Congress to make necessary and proper laws. In particular, it states that laws should be drafted when the society needs them. However, they also should be created in a way that they support governmental hierarchy and the power of the Constitutions. It is one of the foundations of American political life. North American Trading Agreement North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is an economic agreement between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The main idea of the agreement is that it enhances economic and trading relations between three countries. NAFTA provides useful export and import opportunities for the U.S. However, it also has political implications. In the modern world, economic cooperation presupposes collaboration in political and public spheres, including fewer restrictions on border control, immigration, etc. Those are the issues widely discussed and relevant to the contemporary political life of American society. Globalization Globalization refers to the integration of the different cultures. Due to the multi-cultural nature of the American society, it is used to co-existence of different worldviews and beliefs. In a way, it helped in forming strong political culture and democratic values. However, globalization takes place at the much larger scale. Therefore, it is important for the contemporary American politics to combine the respect for other cultures with the need to promote democratic values. Constitutional Government A constitutional government is a government that was formed and assembled according to the Constitutional provisions. It needs to perform its legislative and executive obligations. All the rights and obligations of such government are predetermined by the Constitution. Moreover, the Constitution also has a priority of controlling such government. Three Theories of Presidential Power According to the first theory, Presidential executive powers are both based on and restricted by the Constitution. It is a conservative theory. Another theory is that everything that is not banned by the Constitution is within a President’s powers. According to the third theory, circumstances and emergencies define the power of the President. They can act outside the Constitution in case of emergency. Historical Factors that Enhanced the Power of the U.S. Presidents The main source of power for the U.S. Presidents is Constitution. Their power has also grown during World War I and World War II due to military manufacturing. The U.S. economy enhances the power of American Presidents. In the global context, Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and Cold War affirmed the influence of the U.S. in Western Europe. Today, Presidential power comes from promoting democratic values. All those factors are still relevant in modern political circumstances. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Facebook and Privacy Presentation Facebook and People’s Privacy Privacy is a fundamental human right. Facebook users can share their information and personal images (Hull, Lipford, & Latulipe, 2011). Many governments and companies gather useful information from Facebook. Privacy is a major concern for every Facebook user. Pros and Cons of Facebook Benefits Facebook makes it easier for many individuals to share their ideas and thoughts. It supports effective communication and marketing (Wallbridge, 2009). Disadvantages Facebook exposes many people’s information. The social site makes many employees less productive. Facebook has destroyed the cultural practices of many societies. Is Privacy Necessary? The issue of privacy has forced Facebook to identify new changes in order to improve the privacy of its users. Loss of privacy results in new problems and challenges (Govani & Pashley, 2014). This issue explains why every Facebook user faces numerous threats (Debatin, Lovejoy, Horn, & Hughes, 2009). Facebook Changes its Privacy Settings Without their Users’ Consent Facebook “has removed a critical privacy setting that reveals users’ data in Graph Search Results” (Govani & Pashley, 2014, p. 6). New “policy changes at the company have also affected the privacy of many users” (Hull et al., 2011, p. 298). Facebook also manipulates its users’ information. The company uses different information and data for advertising purposes (Govani & Pashley, 2014). What Privacy Protections do Facebook Users Have? Facebook users can use different Privacy Settings to regulate who views their profiles. The “users dictate who can view their statuses and updates” (Beach, Gartrell, & Han, 2014, p. 6). Third party users may not access such details. However, Facebook introduced new privacy settings that reduced the choices of its users. Facebook plans to become “the portal of the internet” (Beach et al., 2014, p. 7). Reference List Beach, A., Gartrell, M., & Han, R. (2014). Solutions to Security and Privacy Issues in Mobile Social Networking . Debatin, B., Lovejoy, J., Horn, A., & Hughes, B. (2009). Facebook and Online Privacy: Attitudes, Behaviours, and Unintended Consequences . Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication , 15 (1), 83-108. Govani, T., & Pashley, H. (2014). Student Awareness of the Privacy Implications When Using Facebook. Retrieved from Hull, G., Lipford, H., & Latulipe, C. (2011). Contextual Gaps: Privacy Issues on Facebook. Ethics in Information Technology , 13 (1), 289-302. Wallbridge, R. (2009). How Safe is Your Facebook Profile? Privacy Issues of Online Social Networks. ANU Undergraduate Research Journal , 1 (1), 85-92. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Good Writing, Its Importance and Principles Essay I would like to address my siblings and friends to explain why today, even more than ever, it is important to learn how to write effectively. There are many reasons for such importance, including the necessity to make an impression, to meet certain rules and standards, or to achieve some personal or professional goals. Good writing is a requirement many people neglect today due to the presence of such helpful tools as computers and special programs that identify and correct mistakes. Writing is one of the main criteria according to which a person may be judged in college, the workplace, the community, or during personal communication. To succeed in writing, three integral steps should be taken: an understanding of why effective writing is important, an assessment of personal writing skills, and an investigation of the rules and tasks which may be used as the principles of good writing. The first step in effective writing is to understand why a person should learn. Sometimes, it is hard or even impossible for people to express themselves orally. The Internet has already changed the lives of many people and introduced new standards in education, business, management, and other fields. For example, people have to communicate online via forums or chats. They do not find it necessary to meet and discuss something. Even a learning process can be developed between people from different parts of the world. It is not enough to talk. It is necessary to write and do it as quickly as possible in order not to lose a single minute. Taking all these examples into consideration, the importance of effective writing cannot be neglected. Besides, writing is a tool with the help of which people can learn how to think “visibly,” how to explain complex issues in a simple and comprehensible way, how to give feedback, and develop questions. Writing is a possibility to demonstrate personal intellectual flexibility. There are so many facts that can be used to support the importance of learning, and one or two pages maybe not enough. As soon as a person understands that writing is a skill that has to be identified and developed, it is necessary to assess personal skills and decide what kind of work should be done. It happens that people believe in their abilities after they grasp some knowledge in language and literature. They know enough words, combine some of them into meaningful sentences, and introduce them in a certain context. Unfortunately, such knowledge is usually not enough. While writing, a person has to think about numerous things, including a possible impression of a text on a reader, a goal that has to be achieved at the end, and even a personal attitude to what is written. Grammar, spelling, and punctuation are not the only aspects that have to be taken into account while writing. A person has to consider such issues as a structure, context, and meaning. One of the possible ways to assess a level of personal writing skills and knowledge is to write a short letter, feedback, or story and ask a person to read it and leave some comments. Effective writing is also a possibility to accept critics properly. There should be no place for anger, discontent, or reproach. A good writer has to understand that it is not always possible to create a perfect work on the first try. Some minor grammar or punctuation mistakes may occur and be detected by a reader. It is not the time for doubts or despair. It is a good chance to think about a new way of representing thoughts and the improvements that can be helpful. The final step in learning how to write effectively is a personal investigation. Today, there are many sources of information on how to write properly, different structure papers, and follow necessary academic rules. There are three main principles of effective writing that have to be learned by any beginner, as well as a professional writer. First, it is important to be objective. The information should be logically presented, have a clear structure, and be appropriate to a certain context. The second rule is to understand that a reader cannot know more than it is written and uses only the information given. A good writer should not believe that a reader (regardless of their level of knowledge and experience) can guess what is supposed to be written or mentioned between the lines. The reader sees what is written only. Therefore, the purpose of writing should be clear and achieved in the process. Finally, it is necessary to remember that simplicity is not always bad in writing. It is possible to be simple and interesting at the same time. Effective writing is not always complex and abstrusely. Sometimes, simplicity and clarity are the things that make writing impressive. In general, people should learn how to write effectively because writing is not an obligation, but a possibility to become a better person, succeed in the workplace, and express personal thoughts. Though it is hard to learn all rules and avoid all types of mistakes, learning of writing may be a continuous process available to all people regardless of their knowledge and intentions. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The ad shows the chicken product is sold at only $9.99. The product is composed of six cooked pieces. The menu also includes three biscuit pieces. Lastly, advertisement shows mashed potatoes. Further, the ad viewers are given another menu alternative. The ad shows an delicious hot shot bites menu. The menu has hot chili ingredients, creating the hot taste. The ad displays fill the customers’ food needs. The ad shows the quenching benefits of the accompanying beverage. The cash-strapped customers can pick the cheaper menu, at only $3.99. In terms of the Claim, the Kentucky Fried Chicken website advertisement increases the demand for the company’s products and services (Jain 55). Data 1 The realistic picture of the chicken products offers the benefits of acquiring the product. The advertisement displays a well cooked chicken. The ad viewers see a delectable chicken. The ad displays realistic images of the actual food menu. Just like seeing the real chicken menu, the realistic ad picture entices the ad viewers to buy the chicken. The same picture creates a strong craving for the chicken products. In terms of warranty, the realistic picture of the chicken product increases the demand for the Kentucky Fried Chicken products (Richards 35). Data 2 The advertised product prices encourage the ad viewers to buy the products. For the rich and famous, the $9.99 is very affordable. The ad effectively uses the persuasive effect of the $0.01 discount strategy. The customers do not see the product as a $10.00 product. Likewise, most customers do not bother to retrieve the $0.01 change. For the budget-conscious customer, the person can pick the lower priced hot chicken menu. Similar to the customer who can afford to pay more, the budget-conscious customer can experience the same fast food restaurant experience. Both the budget customer and the rich customer can savor the delectable taste of the company’s products. In terms of warranty, the price shown in the advertisement profitably attracts the price-conscious customers (Richards 35). Data 3 The ad’s indication of the number of pieces contained in each chicken order entices the customers. The ad contains the magical six piece information. The information creates a heavy meal image. Consequently, the ad’s display of six chicken pieces impresses on the customers that the money paid equates to eating more delicious stomach-filling chicken pieces. In terms of warranty, the number of chicken pieces creates a picture that the customer gets one’s money’s worth of chicken products (Richards 35). Summarizing the above discussion, the visual Kentucky Fried Chicken ad information paints hundreds of persuasive words. The true to life image of the chicken product boosts the demand for the products. The advertised menu prices increase the current and future customers’ purchasing activities. The menu’s discounted price magnetizes price-conscious clients. The quantity of chicken shown in the advertisement imprints a value for money image. Overwhelming, the Claim stating the Kentucky Fried Chicken website advertisement augments the current preference for the company’s food products is correct. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Overview of Major Problems in American Urban and Suburban in 1940s Essay In 1940s urban and suburban dwellers in United States of America were undergoing difficult times. This is because at this period, urbanization was rapidly taking shape, due to the movement of people from rural areas to the urban in search of good life. This was initiated by the development of the steam power in the cities, which were used in industries. Thus, people relocated from rural areas to the urban in search of jobs in these industries. The unprecedented movement of the people from the rural to urban surmounted a lot pressure on the limited urban natural resources. The result, thus, were the birth of problems that threatened to destroy US, during the America civil war. The urban population thus landed in the hands of exploitative employers. The employers were the politicians and the wealthy members of the society. Given the difficult situation these people faced, they were left with no other option other than to complain in the local newspapers. As seen with the Rochester mechanics, they are complaining about infringement of their rights by the employer. In this case the employer goes on to curtail their wages on basis of falling prices of the commodities consumed, in this case the flour. This act of the Rochester employer clearly demonstrate how the employers used to misuse the employees, it was not the employer will to see the employees welfare improves, but rather to deteriorate it. The employers were also depicted by the employees as dictators. Though the employer claim the allegations made by the employee we not true, the employer on his defense goes on to contradict himself as he confirms the allegation, he also challenges the dissatisfied employees to seek employment elsewhere. This clearly demonstrate the environment which the poor in urban were exposed to, was that of Master and slave, where employees were supposed to take whatever the employer deemed fitted them. Another problem the urban poor were undergoing and especially the employees, was lack of freedom of expression. This is because any form of direct confrontation with the employer could lead to loss of the job, given that they badly needed to keep their jobs so as to cope with difficult life in urban. Therefore, to keep their fight alive in demanding of their rights, they used the newspapers to deliver their message. However, this does not go well with the employer since he claims that mechanic S was jealous. The life of poor in urban as demonstrated was in the hands of their employer. There was high risk of employees’ life due to the poor working environment since they were exposed to in the factories. As seen in the letter written by the daughter as a reply to the father, she stated that her health has been spared. This was because she had witnessed her fellow workers in the mill perish due to poor working conditions. To cement this observation, there was a female worker who slipped on the icy floor, broke her neck causing immediate death; a guy was crushed to death by a car; another one was crushed to death by the cotton bale; also another one broke his ribs. All these fatal incidents happened in the same day, thus in these factories there was massive loss of life and permanent deformities among the workers. In the factories, workers used to work for long hours, as seen in the case of Mary, at seven o’clock in the morning they were in the factories working, they had one hour break for lunch, they resumes work up to half past seven in the evening. In total these were 12 working hours, and due to lack of enough rest, these workers were exposed to poor concentration in the factories. Given the nature of the factories, heavy and dangerous machines there was high risks of life, and as demonstrated above many used to die every day. Lack of proper training or no training at all in the factories was evident as we see Mary says that the training was supposed to run for six month; however, that was not the case as she was already working before undergoing the said training. This consequently contributed to the fatalities cases, since these people they were not well placed to work with the then sophisticated machines. The workers used to get meager salaries, which could only afford them to pay for the boarding. Ironically the workers used to pay the rents to the same factories owners, since the houses were owned by the employer. To make the matter worse the boarding facilities were demeaning and lacked privacy. In the textile mill, Mary writes to her father telling him how they used to share the facilities with her female colleagues. The mill had total control over the employees since they were waking them up by means of ringing bells. There was intensive migration of the people from rural to urban in search of good life. As seen, Mary wrote to her relatives urging them to move into urban so that they could secure jobs in the factories. These movements of people brought about inadequate and poor housing in urban thus giving rise to slums. During this time in America, the negative effects of industrialization were severe in urban, as the influx of people and exploitation of the poor was apex. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Aspects of the Creating a Budget Report It is crucial to plan a direct practice improvement (DPI) project, and developing a budget is a part of that process. The budget in Appendix A includes diverse types of costs and justifies them. The present paper explains the different types of costs, demonstrating how and why a budget is important for the project and nursing in general, in particular, due to the limited nature of accessed resources. As can be seen in Appendix A, most costs are not directly applicable to the project, but their consideration was still required because their funding was alternatively produced (provided by the clinic). Indeed, the budget incorporates a fixed (not variable, that is, not fluctuating based on volume) and direct (directly related to producing the project) cost of the labor of one individual, who will assist with extracting the data (Flaherty, Grasso, & Aiena, 2017). Furthermore, the budget includes some money meant to cover the miscellaneous expenses should an unexpected one be required. Additionally, the budget recognizes the need for a lot of resources, including the time and effort of the researcher, the space and equipment of the clinic, as well as the materials provided by the clinic, all of which will not be paid for and will be provided for free. Travel is acknowledged as a source of expenses for the participants, but it will not be reimbursed. Overall, the need for diverse resources is acknowledged in the project’s budget. Budgeting is a critical skill in many fields, and nursing is not an exception. Zaccagnini and Pechacek (2019) highlight its importance for nursing projects, and Flaherty et al. (2017) and Moore (2018) discuss it outside of such constraints. All these sources recommend that nurses, especially those in leadership roles, become familiar with key economic terms and concepts because of their involvement in resource allocation in healthcare. In a quality improvement project, the budget ensures that all the key resources are available; in leadership roles, its understanding assists in the management of the limited resources in an efficient way (Moore, 2018). The recognition and appreciation of the resources provided by the project’s site are important from this perspective because the organizational budget will be impacted by it. Thus, the budget is there to ensure that the project can be carried out, and it demonstrates the use of a skill that nurses need to develop for successful resource management. The limited nature of the resources and the need to manage them carefully are particularly crucial in this regard. References Flaherty, E, Grasso, A., & Aiena, C. (2017). Resource management. In L.A. Joel (Ed.), Advanced practice nursing: Essentials for role development (pp. 165–183). FA Davis. Moore, B. (2018). Healthcare economics is essential for the nursing profession. In C. King, S. Gerard, & C. Rapp (Eds.), Essential knowledge for CNL and APRN nurse leaders (pp. 183–196). Springer. Zaccagnini, M., & Pechacek, J. M. (2019). The doctor of nursing practice essentials: A new model for advanced practice nursing . Jones & Bartlett Learning. Appendix A DNP-840 DPI Project Budget Directions: Complete the following table for your DPI Project Budget. For each portion, much is answered. If one portion does not apply to your project, an explanation needs to be given as to why. Expenses Total Anticipated Cost Rationale for Total Anticipated Cost (50-150 words each) Direct and Indirect Costs Direct: $200 labor and 0 materials Direct costs are the costs that are directly required to carry out the project, that is, labor (related to the data extraction) and materials (booklets). Indirect costs are space and equipment, as well as possible travel, but the latter is not going to be reimbursed. Indirect: 0 space and equipment Fixed and Variable Costs Fixed: $200 labor It has been determined that the labor will cost $200, which will be a fixed amount paid, but no variable costs have been identified. Variable: 0 Labor and Materials Labor $200 Regarding labor, one employee of the clinic will be recruited to extract and anonymize the data. It is planned to reimburse about 10 hours of work, and the employee has already agreed to the price. Materials: 0 In terms of materials, the main expense is booklets. Most printing options are only available for large quantities of booklets, which is why it has been arranged to print them out at the clinic for free. Travel 0 Personal travel expenses for any of the participants will not be reimbursed Equipment and Space 0 The project will be using the equipment and space of the clinic for no fee. License and Miscellaneous Expense $100 For the sake of possible unexpected expenses, an additional $100 is included in the budget. Furthermore, the project will require the researcher to dedicate a lot of time and effort, which cannot be reflected in a monetary equivalent. The assistance of the clinic, including the provision of printing services and space, will be greatly appreciated. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Academic Efficacy and Eagerness to Learn Report (Assessment) The traits which are assessed in the designed tool are related to the variables identified by Popham and Stiggins (2008), which are academic efficacy and eagerness to learn. Both variables are important since their identification is the first step for designing an instrument (Popham, 2008). The choice of those variables is justified through their relation to motivation, where eagerness to learn is determined by students’ desire, rather than their belief in capability (Stiggins & Popham, 2008). Academic efficacy, on the other hand, is defined as follows: “student’s perceived ability to succeed and the student’s sense of control over her or his academic well being” (Stiggins & Popham, 2008). Thus, the efficacy can be seen in assessing the degree to which, students think their academic success is related to their abilities and their control. Considering that the ultimate aim of the development of positive affective traits is motivating students, it can be stated that the selection of such trait variables was successful. Additionally, the indicated variables conform to the conditions claimed by McMillan et al. (2011) which focus on the learning targets. The next step in designing the tool was constructing an affect inventory, i.e. several statements which are related to the identified variables, the response to which will be collected through a Likert Scale. The scale was composed of the original responses Likert employed, strongly agree, agree, uncertain, disagree, and strongly disagree (Popham, 2008). Considering that only two variables are assessed, each variable was connected to four statements, two negative and two positives. References McMillan, J. H., Hellsten, L.-A. M., & Klinger, D. A. (2011). Classroom Assessment : Principles and Practice for Effective Standards-Based Instruction (5th ed.): Pearson Education. Popham, W. J. (2008). Assessing Student Affect. Educational Leadership, 66 (8), 85-86. Stiggins, R., & Popham, W. J. (2008). Assessing Students’ Affect Related to Assessment for Learning. Formative Assessment for Teachers and Learners . Appendix Assessment 1. 1. I know that I can learn all the materials in this course, regardless of their difficulty. * Strongly Disagree * Disagree * Uncertain * Agree * Strongly Agree 1. 1. I prepare for the new topics that will be discussed in class. * Strongly Disagree * Disagree * Uncertain * Agree * Strongly Agree 1. 1. Even if each topic is explained to me individually, it will not be easy for me to learn new material. * Strongly Disagree * Disagree * Uncertain * Agree * Strongly Agree 1. 1. I try not to ask questions, make notes, or participate in class discussions. * Strongly Disagree * Disagree * Uncertain * Agree * Strongly Agree 1. 1. I am aware of my academic accomplishments, regarding each subject. * Strongly Disagree * Disagree * Uncertain * Agree * Strongly Agree 1. 1. There are topics that are interesting for me and I research external resources to learn more. * Strongly Disagree * Disagree * Uncertain * Agree * Strongly Agree 1. 1. I do not know my weaknesses that hinder my progress in class. * Strongly Disagree * Disagree * Uncertain * Agree * Strongly Agree 1. 1. There are no topics that I would like to learn in the future. * Strongly Disagree * Disagree * Uncertain * Agree * Strongly Agree | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
In other words, they want to make students feel involved and connected to lesson activities. It is possible to adopt several strategies that can help teachers attain this goal. First of all, they can set certain behavior norms that the participants have to follow. For instance, according to such rules, a person should not use caps lock while responding to the post of another student (Sieber, 2010, p. 6). The problem is that this capitalization can be perceived as sign of rudeness, and it can make reluctant to take part in the discussion. There are other communication rules that can make discussions more productive. Additionally, a teacher should warn students that disagreements are likely to emerge in any discussion. Students should not be afraid of expressing their ideas even if they contradict the opinions expressed by the majority (Ullman, n. d. ). This approach is helpful for reducing the risk of groupthink. Moreover, it assists an individual in overcoming the feeling of anxiety which is common in the situations when team members are not familiar with one another. This is one of the first steps which a teacher should take in order to promote community building. Apart from that, an educator should make sure that learners’ competition with one another does not prevent them from cooperating. Such situations occur in those cases, when a teacher pays too much attention to grades (Ullman, n. d.). This problem is closely related to group projects that students are supposed to do. In some cases, they may not be able to join their efforts only because they are not willing to share information with one another. Furthermore, it is important to adopt tools that can facilitate the communication between the participants. For instance, VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) technologies can significantly improve the exchange of information (Hodge & Collins, 2010). In this way, a teacher can better engage students. Moreover, these technologies can emulate the environment of a conventional classroom. This is one of their major advantages. Furthermore, there are many irrelevant activities that can prevent a teacher of creating a cooperative environment. For instance, some learners tend to use social networking websites or even play computer games such as solitaire (Sieber, 2010, p. 5). As a rule, such students are less likely to contribute to any group discussions. This is why a teacher should tell that this behavior is not acceptable. Finally, educators can enhance learners’ sense of community by giving learners challenging and interesting assignments. When they work on such tasks, they will be more willing to cooperate with one another. Provided that a teacher can promote the involvement of students, they can better adjust to learning in a virtual environment. On the whole, community building is important for online learning. Provided that teacher disregards this issue, the lessons and discussions will not result in the development of students’ skills. It is necessary to focus on such aspects as behavior rules, technologies, and focus on the activities that are relevant to the activities. Moreover, community building is possible if an educator can set interesting task that can prompt learners to display their creativity and critical thinking. These are the main goals that should be attained by a teacher. Reference List Hodge, E., & Collins, S. (2010). Collaborative Efforts: Teaching and Learning in Virtual Worlds . Web. Sieber, D. (2010). Teaching with Social Networks: Establishing a Social Contract. Web. Ullman, E. (n. d.). How to Create a Professional Learning Community . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Depressive Symptoms and HIV Disease Relationship Essay Ross and colleagues conducted a cross-sectional correlational study among HIV-positive pregnant women to determine predictors of depressive symptoms (Ross, Sawatphanit and Zeller, 2009). They examined self-esteem, emotional support, and physical symptoms as the main predictors of depressive symptoms. These researchers hypothesized that depressive symptoms were negatively associated with self-esteem and emotional support, but positively correlated with physical symptoms (Ross et al., 2009). The researchers used convenience sampling to enlist 127 HIV-positive pregnant women in five hospitals in Thailand (Ross et al., 2009). Registered nurses (RNs) in each hospital identified participants who were aged 18 years and above. RNs used the Western blot method to identify HIV-positive pregnant women with no history of psychiatric-mental health problems and drug abuse. The study was conducted in five prenatal clinics in Thailand. The study findings indicated that 78% of 127 respondents noted some extents of depressive symptoms. There was a positive correlation between physical symptoms (β=.192, p<.05) and depressive symptoms while a negative relationship with depressive symptoms were in self-esteem (β=-.442, p<.001), emotional support (β=.193, p<.001) and financial status (β=-.209, p<.01). The study concluded that depressive symptoms facilitated the development of immunodeficiency syndrome among HIV-positive persons (Antelman et al., 2007). The result showed high levels of depressive symptoms among participants. Thus, it was necessary to test such patients for depressive symptoms. Moreover, the study also noted that it was imperative to identify and treat causes of physical symptoms while self-esteem and emotional support for HIV-positive pregnant women required strengthening in Thailand. References Antelman, G., Kaaya, S., Wei, R., Mbwambo, J., Msamanga, G. I., Fawzi, W. W., and Fawzi, M. C. (2007). Depressive symptoms increase risk of HIV disease progression and mortality among women in Tanzania. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 44 (4), 470-7. Ross, R., Sawatphanit, W., and Zeller, R. (2009). Depressive Symptoms among HIV- positive Pregnant Women in Thailand . Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 41 (4), 344-50. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Most types of food are genetically modified and allow patients to prevent illnesses functional food is based on a combination of traditional food elements and pharmaceutical ingredients. Functional food is a very useful self-monitoring tool it is important to recognize that they are very unlikely to provide an accurate reflection of the patient’s true energy intake. It is well recognized that under-reporting of energy intake is a common phenomenon, particularly among the overweight and obese, or those who have previously been overweight and are now ‘diet conscious. Specific ingredients of functional food aid certain body parts and functions which help to prevent diseases and promote health. It is useful to emphasize the overall health benefits of eating well rather than focusing solely on weight loss effects, for example reduced risk of developing cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. hanging eating habits is challenging; the way people eat and what they eat are long-standing habits which cannot be changed overnight. It follows that as obesity is a chronic relapsing condition, regular support is central to successful management. As health professionals we tend to talk to patients in terms of nutrients: ‘it’s important to reduce your fat intake’. However, patients do not make nutrient changes they make food changes, therefore it is vital that such nutritional messages are translated into food changes pertinent to the individual which are sustainable and enjoyable (Functional Foods SCPI: 2008). Two types of functional food are processed food with health-promoting effects and fermented food based on live cultures. Both types propose enormous benefits for patients and allow them to maintain healthy diet and nutrition. some patients may have been given healthy eating advice previously and found it useful but not specific enough and they may wish for greater direction with regard to portion sizes. The main types of functional food ingredients are carotenoids, dietary fiber, fatty acids, flavonoids, isothiocyanates, Plant Stanols/Sterols, Prebiotics, Soy Protein, vitamins. In ensuring that dietary changes are practical for the patient to implement, consider and discuss time constraints, financial limitations, cooking ability and facilities as well as making sure the diet remains palatable and enjoyable. These types of food and ingredients can be used in the food industry because they can be easily combined with traditional food. Gone are the days of giving the same ‘standard’ diet sheet to all patients with the expectation of this leading to weight loss. Meal plans, which lay out precisely what should be eaten each day, allow no flexibility for eating out or social events and do nothing to re-educate eating habits. The main advantage of functional food is that it allows a personalized approach to every patient in accordance with his needs and desires. It improves metabolism and is more efficient at digesting and storing fat compared to other macronutrients, with very little wastage of energy during processing. As the most important, the sources of functional food are carrots, pumpkin,sweet potato, cantaloupe, tomatoes and processed tomato products, watermelon, red/pink grapefruit, cereal grains, whole wheat bread, oatmeal, brown rice, cauliflower, broccoli, broccoli sprouts, cabbage, kale, horseradish, etc. Food industry will not need a specific ingredients and can easily adapt to new technologies. Functional food has a medial effect because it allows patients to control their diet and healthy life styles. Helping patients make permanent healthy changes to their eating is a complex process, and is not simply about increasing the patient’s knowledge of nutrition and diet. Rather, it requires effective functional food information to be tailored to the patient’s circumstances and for consideration to be given not only to eating behavior but also to the reasons behind this behavior. Bibliography Functional Foods. 2008, SCPI . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Denial 3. Repression 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Introduction Defense mechanisms in psychology are patterns of behavior to protect the ego from the feelings of anxiety or guilt. Defense mechanisms, such as denial and repression, are major concerns in addiction treatment, as they can interfere in the process of rehabilitation or lead to unsuspected adverse effects. The present paper examines two defense mechanisms and provides suggestions to mitigate their consequences. Denial Denial is a behavior that blocks awareness of external events due to the inability to process the information. This defense mechanism can be explicitly observed when people lose one of their relatives or close friends. In the field of addiction, the mechanism poses a significant problem, as many patients refuse to admit that they have a problem with substances or behavior (Pickard 278). Addicts reject the idea of them having issues with their behavior or health because it would require them to cope with it. However, patients may be unable to do so, as they often feel emotionally powerless to act in response to the problem. Therefore, this defense mechanism represents a considerable difficulty in the field of addiction treatment. Overcoming denial is often the first step that therapists have to go through utilizing various strategies and interventions. The occurrence of the behavior can be often attributed to clients not choosing voluntarily to seek treatment (Pickard 285-286). Addictions serve a purpose in people’s lives, and it may appear challenging for psychiatrists to make a person believe that his or her purpose causes problems. According to Pickard, one of the possible ways to mitigate the consequences of this defense mechanism is through visualization of implications (293). Addicts are prone to self-deception; therefore, a constant reminder through posters, photographs, or slogans can in some cases improve the situation greatly (Pickard 293). In short, even though denial can interfere with addictions treatment, there are efficient strategies to mitigate its effects. Repression The repression defense mechanism is also a problem that can be encountered while treating addicts. This phenomenon is characterized by unconscious thought suppression to keep disturbing or threatening ideas from becoming conscious (Moss et al. 65-66). A single-parent child suppressing their thoughts about not having a father or a mother is a vivid example of repression. In addiction treatment, this phenomenon may pose critical problems, as patients, even not rejecting the fact that their behavior can cause them harm, may refuse to put enough effort into contemplating the thought (Moss et al. 66). This may result in counseling becoming ineffective, making a therapist put additional effort to overcome its effects. Repression may appear in any part of the treatment process due to the complexity of the matter. Most often, such behavior can be observed in the early stages of treatment, sometimes following the denial period (Moss et al. 67). The strategy introduced for denial can also have a positive effect on the treatment process, as reminders will make it difficult for clients to suppress thoughts about the negative consequences of their behavior. Conclusion Defense mechanisms are crucial features of psychology, and their effects are natural and healthy. However, when they get out of proportion, they may cause considerable issues with a person’s health or behavior. In the addiction field, these mechanisms often interfere with the treatment process, making it difficult to perform therapy as planned. Even though the effects of defense mechanisms in addicts may be hazardous, there are efficient strategies to mitigate their consequences. Works Cited Moss, Antony C., et al. “To Suppress, Or Not to Suppress? That Is Repression: Controlling Intrusive Thoughts in Addictive Behaviour”. Addictive Behaviors , vol. 44, 2015, pp. 65-70. Web. Pickard, Hanna. “Denial in Addiction”. Mind & Language , vol. 31, no. 3, 2016, pp. 277-299. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Kincaid writes with passion … [with] a poet’s understanding of how politics and history, private and public events … blur” (Kincaid unpaged). This statement shows the main feature of the book, due to which the author manages to get the reader’s attention and to make him think about the book. This feature of the book is the beauty of the language of Kincaid and the ugliness of the truth that the author describes. The stylistic elements (addressing the audience in second person, opposition, irony, conditional tense) used by the author help to increase the effectiveness of the text, because they help the reader to understand the message of the book. First, the powerful stylistic element of the text is that the author addresses the reader in second person. The very first sentences make an impression of a reader as a bothering tourist: “You may be the sort of tourist who would wonder why a Prime Minister would want an airport named after him” (Kincaid 3). The author’s narration really makes you feel guilty of being a shallow and egoistic incomer into the world of Antigua people. The long sentence that starts with “As your plane descends the land” and ends with “must never cross your mind”, the sentence that covers the whole paragraph, creates the impression of the speech of a tourist, who is interested his own personality only (Kincaid 3-4). This addressing in second person makes us feel like those tourists; if we feel guilty, it means that the author has achieved her aim. Second, it is necessary to show the concrete examples of stylistic elements that make the text poetic and beautiful. The most impressive one is the stylistic element of the opposition of the notions. The brightest example is the opposition built on the difference between the Mill Reef Club, a place “that was built by some people from North America” and was an expensive elite club, and the library that was “the old building that was damaged in the famous earthquake years ago” (Kincaid 27, 42). The images of the library and the club stand for the poor island of Antigua and the world of invaders. The sign on the door of the library that says, “THIS BUILDING WAS DAMAGED IN THE EARTHQUAKE OF 1974. REPAIRS ARE PENDING” is the example of irony used by the authoress (Kincaid 42). It is evident that “pending” lasts for more than ten years already, and everyone ignores the library that is symbolic for the authoress as it represents the world of the truth, childhood, and beauty for her. One more case of fine irony is Kincaid’s ideas about the Minister of Culture and absence of culture on the island (50). Jamaica Kincaid often uses conditional tense in the book, especially when she addresses the reader as a tourist: “the Antigua in which I grew up, is not the Antigua you, a tourist, would see now” (Kincaid 23). Using conditional tense the authoress wants to sound objective and to show that the native people of Antigua and the tourists are absolutely different people. The way she sees Antigua differs from the way strangers see it. In conclusion, it is necessary to mention numerous questions that the authoress asks, for instance: “Do you understand why people like me cannot forgive and cannot forget?” By such questions, the authoress wants to make us think about the problems of Antigua and the main message that she formulates in the essay. I think that it is the bright language and skillful usage of stylistic elements that makes the essay so moving, impressive, and unforgettable. The beauty of the language shows Kincaid’s love of her motherland and beauty of Antigua. Beautiful language also shows the authoress’ pain and desire to make Antigua happy. Work Cited Kincaid, Jamaica. A Small Place . NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2000. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
E-Commerce System’s Functional and Physical Requirements Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. A list of functional requirements 3. A list of physical requirements 4. The description of the processes 5. The flowchart 6. Reference List Introduction The new web system for the shop should be supported with specific innovations which are aimed at increasing the business potential of the company in general (Rainer, & Cegielski, 2011) and improving the specific management by means of digital technologies in particular (Turban, & Volonino, 2010). To understand the priority of the new system, the functional and physical features are to be considered along with the description of the particular processes which are to be completed by the members of the renting affair. A list of functional requirements 1. All users will be able to search for the movies by the movie title, the year of release, and the actors. 2. The system will offer customers to register in order to run statistics and offer more functional opportunities. 3. Registered users will have to log in to see the statistics. 4. The registered uses will be able to check the popularity in accordance with the number of rent movies and in accordance with the rates of the movies present in the store. 5. Registered customers will be able to search for the necessary movie in a particular store and to order a specific movie from one store to another. 6. Registered customers will be able to pay and rent the movie via the Internet with additional charges for delivery. 7. The system will calculate a discount of -5% for the customers who rent each 10 th movie. 8. The system will have the statistics of the movies sold by each shop assistant. 9. The system will be available from any place. A list of physical requirements 1. Each customer will be able to enter the site and to see the movies present in the shop without a login. 2. To see additional information, people are to register (free of charge) and log in. The procedure will not take more than 1-2 minutes. 3. The registered users who used login for entering will be offered additional priorities. 4. The shop-assistance will have to register when they start working. 5. The number of attracted customers and the number of occurred sales will be presented on the personal page of each shop assistant. 6. Each assistant has access only to a personal profile. 7. The manager will have access to all the statistics at any shop. The description of the processes Process Number Process Description Benefit P.1.x Short description of the process What benefit does it provide? P.1.1 Website entering Online consideration of the available movies and other products in the shop P.1.2 Registration for new customers and the procedure of login for those who have already registered Customers will have access to the company website and they will be offered additional information and a discount if the rent is conducted online. P.1.3 Search The registered customers will have to select the criteria according to which they are going to look for the movie they want to, or they are to use the search button to view the concrete movie or sort those by actor or date. P.1.4 Access to shop assistance Each shop assistant will have to log in each time he/she comes to work. Each sold item should be registered on the computer. P.1.5 Access for manager The manager will have to log in like any other member of the website, however, his/her rights for information availability are going to be wider. The flowchart Reference List Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2011). Introduction to Information Systems: Supporting and Transforming Business . Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Turban, E., & Volonino, L. (2010). Information Technology for Management: Improving Performance in the Digital Economy . Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The international economic theory based on the idea of comparative advantage related to the economic globalization and dependent on using the Business Process Outsourcing is reflected in the movie Outsourced (2006) directed by John Jeffcoat. 2. The factor which moves from the source country to the host one is the labor or human resources. 3. It is possible to identify the winners in losers in the movie Outsourced with references to the economic benefits received by different groups of people involved in the business. Thus, the winners are the leaders and employees of the company located in the host country because they can declare the rules for the business’s development and decide what countries to choose for outsourcing. Furthermore, their income increases depending on the work of the employees in the source country. The losers in the movie are the Indian human resources because their gains depend on the decisions of the company’s leaders, and these employees are fired when the company’s leaders decide to choose China for outsourcing. Referring to the welfare analysis models, it is important to note that only the leaders of the company in the United States can benefit from the income distribution because they receive the low-cost services of the appropriate quality to attract more consumers and increase their profits. They are also the winners according to the factor of the efficiency between production and consumption because the Indian market provides opportunities not only for gaining human resources but also for gaining more potential customers. Importing the cheap labor, the United States’ company focuses on creating the significant comparative advantage while selling services for higher prices. The idea to reward employees with the company’s products contributes to the potential expansion of the market. According to the welfare analysis model, the Indian employees are the losers because they experience all the negative results of the unequal income distribution and inappropriate efficiency between production and consumption. 4. The host country orients to outsourcing because the company can minimize the costs spent for rewarding employees, and it can expand the market. 5. The opportunities faced by the company in the host country are the achievement of the stable position within the market with references to the customers’ needs and expectations. The threats are in high costs spent for human resources, material resources, and services, in the intensive competitiveness within the industry, and in the necessity decrease the product and service prices. 6. It is possible to predict the decrease in the host country’s interest in the source country because of the focus on finding new markets, and the economic decline connected with the high unemployment rate can be observed. 7. The positive consequences of the global business trade are in (1) building the expanded global market with a lot of opportunities for employing people in different countries; and in (2) intensifying the strong economic connections between the developed and developing countries to improve the state of the low-income populations and undeveloped economies. The negative consequences of the global business trade are in (1) the possible exploitation of the human resources from the source countries; and in (2) the possible host countries’ domination within the source countries’ markets. 8. To minimize outsourcing, a source country can state the wage standards for employees and a list of conditions which should be realized in the source country. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Force Majeure Concept Essay (Critical Writing) “Subcontractor is not liable for failure to perform its obligations if such failure is a result of anything outside of its control (including, but not limited to, Acts of God, extreme weather conditions, war, medical pandemic or outbreak, protests, labor dispute, strike, lockout, broken or malfunctioning equipment, insufficient transportation, unforeseen market conditions or interruption or failure of electricity or telephone service). Subcontractor may make a force majeure claim at any time during the project. Both parties are entitled to terminate this Agreement in such circumstances, must fully compensate the other party for all costs related to the event and provide a reciprocal time extension to each other for each day the event(s) impacted the schedule.” The first thing to consider is that the force majeure event releases the subcontractor from any contractual liability. Thus, it is reasonable to specify what is understood by a force majeure event. The agreement should cover all probable circumstances beyond the control of the other party and provide an exhaustive list of such circumstances. The list of force majeure events should be composed with the utmost precision. By giving a clear-cut list of the circumstances exempting from liability, both the general contractor and the subcontractor know where they stand in any event. In determining the range of these circumstances, the natural environment of the area, the social and political climate of the country, or region where the parties operate, the nature and duration of the contract, as well as other aspects should be taken into account. If, however, the list of force majeure events includes circumstances whose adverse effects are usually preventable for the subcontractor (for example, unavailability of resources), the contract would be unfair towards the general contractor and would create a loophole for exemption from liability even for the irresponsible subcontractor. Declaration of war, protests, labor dispute, strike, lockout, broken or malfunctioning equipment, insufficient transportation, unforeseen market conditions, or interruption or failure of electricity are legitimate reasons for exemption from liability. However, “abnormal weather conditions” are removed from the list since conditions that lead to natural disasters, such as floods and hurricanes, are already included under the Acts of God. Furthermore, “abnormal” can be interpreted differently: from several degrees above or below average to extreme weather conditions. Thus, “abnormal” is replaced with “extreme.” The word “hostility” is removed from the list since it is too ambiguous. It does not specify whether those hostilities are in direct proximity to the premises and how disruptive they are for regular work. “Increased fuel or overhead costs” are deleted since the subcontractor should have accounted for them before signing the contract. Naturally, there should be a waiver of the contract in response to unexpected economic circumstances, such as “unforeseen market conditions.” “Unavailability of materials” is removed as the subcontractor should bear the risk of the unavailability by insuring against it. Though “unstable business environment” is a legitimate reason for exemption, unstable business relationships, especially with other subcontractors, should not void obligations under the contract. It would only be fair to make special provisions for any possible future “medical pandemics or outbreaks” in the light of the current coronavirus emergency. The pandemic, being an extraordinary, unpredictable and unavoidable event, meets all criteria of force majeure The measures taken by the authorities to prevent and combat the pandemic have led to economic hardship and inability to fulfil contractual obligations. Force majeure claims cannot be accepted after the project since the very fact that the project has been finished sufficiently shows that force majeure events have not derailed it. On the contrary, such claims should be made as soon as force majeure events occur to allow the general contractor time to look for other subcontractors. Freedom of contract means the freedom of both parties to terminate contractual relations based solely on their own interests with the obligation to reimburse the incurred losses to the other party. Thus, when if it would be more advantageous for the party to refuse to perform the obligation under the contract, the party should have a right to waiver the contract but compensate the other contractual party for the incurred costs. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Film “Boyz n the Hood” by John Singleton Essay (Critical Writing) The film Boyz n the Hood by John Singleton is a unique blend of humanism and the tough violence-ridden reality of South Central LA. With the help of a snapshot of the lives of three main characters, the author raises a number of uncomfortable questions about the reasons behind the cruelty and lawlessness of the streets, thereby prompting the viewers to transform their political sensibilities. The strongest tool the film possesses for transforming political sensibilities is its permeating theme of the origins of violence. The concept of the constant presence of the threat to every black man’s life is used as a leitmotif and is brought up in every major scene, starting from one of the young protagonist listening to his mother’s concerns. However, its strongest pitch is likely during Jason Styles Jr’s monologue, during which he bitterly acknowledges that the most probable reason for the high level of violence is the same as behind the omnipresence of the liquor stores – catering to the environment where black men are more likely to kill each other ( Boyz n the Hood ). The effect of Furious’ assertion is even more powerful with regard to the ongoing debate on the true reason behind higher rates of violence among the black population. Voiced in 1991 in the picture, this controversial issue still stirs up many minds today, serving both a bitter excuse and a plea for help. In the film, the effect is further emphasized by the stoical acceptance of their fate by the characters. For them, a matter of life and death is not an elusive threat somewhere in the unseen future – it is a feasible, tangible possibility of everyday existence. It is their willingness to deal with it that persuades the viewers to reconsider their perception of political issues of the era. The portrayal of the police as some kind of omnipresent malevolent force also increases the effect of associating with the characters. The constantly reoccurring sound of patrol car sirens illustrates the dangers of South Central Los Angeles, and the surge of police helicopter searchlights creates an atmosphere of a prison camp, constant pressing surveillance. The idea culminates in a scene where one of the friends is confronted by a cop who obviously abuses his power by threatening the protagonist with a gun ( Boyz n the Hood ). The fact that the cop constantly refers to him as “nigger” and expresses hatred while being black himself adds a sense of the surreal absurdity of the whole scene, ripping through the fabric of the comfortable acceptance. At the same time, the film is surprisingly humane. The characters are neither violent, uncaring beings tainted by the environment, nor helpless victims of the cogs of the system. Amidst the shocking cynicism of their everyday life, they do their best to refrain from violence whenever possible. One of the scenes which showcase happens near the end of the movie, where Dough Boy approaches his friend and speaks to him solemnly despite not believing in the success of his escape ( Boyz n the Hood ). This manifestation of humanity, stripped of the usual Hollywood bravado, is what makes the political underpinnings even sharper. However, the movie does not try to substitute reality with idealism – instead, it presents an organic blend of both by using superb camerawork, subtle yet moving score, and powerful monologs interwoven into a harsh reality of South Central Los Angeles. This unexpected contrast makes a final message to the viewer, a demand to challenge the existing political outlook and to reconsider sensible topics. Work Cited Singleton, John, director. Boyz n the Hood . Columbia Pictures, 1991. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Newlywed Conflict on Expectations and Duties Essay Introduction The given case study reveals the conflict between recently married Enrique and Monica. The couple experiences difficulties in understanding each other’s expectations, obligations, and presentations regarding family. On the one hand, Monica wants her husband to help her with homework and then relax together, thus refocusing Enrique’s attention from his job. On the other hand, Enrique gets annoyed when his wife recommends him to forget about job-related issues. Blood pressure of both raises and the conflict remains unresolved. It seems essential to analyze this conflict using the Conflict Assessment Guide and such questions as the nature of the conflict, power, and styles. Case Analysis and the Conflict Assessment Guide Nature of the Conflict The systems theory approach proposes the integral study of the system components in their relation to each other and the context. In this case, the conflict may be analyzed comprehensively, taking into account the relations between the wife and the husband, their history, cultural aspects, power relations and perspectives, styles of communication, etc. Speaking of the nature of the conflict, one may state that the “triggering events” are the following words pronounced by Monica: “I have a real craving for pizza tonight. Or maybe we could go to the movies. Or maybe both! It‟s been so long since we‟ve been out together” ( Eye to Eye , n.d., p. 1). This shows that Monica is the woman of the house while her husband is the head of the household. Their roles correspond to those dictated by society and gender: if Monica wants to keep their house clean, doing it together since both of them work, Enrique wants to relax with friends. These are incompatible goals perceived by the couple. The patterns of behavior observed in the given conflict are provocative, and it seems that the negotiators do not understand each other’s metaphors and expressions. Wilmot and Hocker (2013) emphasize the importance of the “historical context of this conflict in terms of 1. the ongoing relationship between the parties, 2. other, external events” (p. 242). Monica notes that a similar conflict was quite common between her mother and father, which, perhaps, serves as an unconscious role model for her own family. The perceived scarce resources relate to the inability of listening and understanding as well as the lack of proper distribution of roles in the family. The parties are interdependent in an attempt to cooperate and avoid the conflict yet unsuccessfully. This conflict may be assessed as the destructive one since it leads to the deterioration of the situation and the further complications in communication. The external observer sees the escalation of the conflict and failure to resolve it. Power Power in the given family is not discussed openly that evokes communication problems. The partners realize their dependence on each other and try to support the other one, yet each does it from his and her own point. For Enrique, resource control is the main power currency, while Monica values interpersonal linkages. This misbalance of powers, namely, the lack of awareness that people may have different powers destructs relationships. From the stance of the external observer, it is possible to state that both partners lack proper communication skills and expertise. Styles Analyzing styles of the conflict presented in the case study, one may note that both negotiators have similar behavioral patterns. Namely, they are one-sided and focused only on their own point of view. Each of them wants to win in this struggle, disregarding the other one’s views. The style of the conflict may also be characterized as the predominant form since it has a negative connotation that catalyzes the verbal struggle (Vangelisti, 2012). At the same time, Monica has the so-called internal dialogue, when she remembers the situations with her parents and how they “‘bite each other’s head off” ( Eye to Eye , n.d., p. 2). Considering the conflict deeper, it becomes obvious that both partners act as catalysts by reinforcing misunderstanding and suffering from the incompatible goals. During the course of the conflict, the styles do not change, and partners perceive each other as opponents but not the entire whole, the family. The lack of collaboration and awareness of the family needs creates an atmosphere of disconnection and irritation. The latter is the disadvantage of the mentioned style of the conflict while its advantage is the potential resolution of the situation based on the open dialogue. When all the claims are expressed, partners are likely to have the opportunity to discuss their problems peacefully and openly. Even though Monica and Enrique remain spontaneous during the conflict, their tactics seem to be related to competition. Such tactical options lead to the escalation of the struggle. Conclusion To conclude, the given case study reflects the conflict between the couple, the members of which are prone to the predominant conflict style. They lack the key resources such as communication skills and expertise to collaborate effectively and act as a whole. This case study shows the common conflict of goals and expectations as well as gender issues in the family. References Eye to Eye . (n.d.). Case study. Vangelisti, A. L. (2012). The Routledge handbook of family communication (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge. Wilmot, W., & Hocker, J. (2013). Interpersonal conflict (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Patterson (106-7) offers this treatise about how adult Web site offerings have unalterably changed the nature of porn consumption. Strong Support Offered for Primary Argument As a teacher who inhabits the intersection between arts and digital culture, the author offers an analysis that is a mix of familiarity with information technology and interpreting human want and desire. He brings to the subject matter sustained exposure to the beginnings of Internet pornography; that much is obvious. Perhaps the strongest argument Patterson offers for the altered experience of pornography is that intimacy on the Internet has expanded the boundaries of participation. Repeated references to amateur sites offering continuous access to “A day in the life of ___” and to Web chat rooms inhabited by strippers are valid discoveries about “remote intimacy” never before available on any medium. But then, this ponderous academic piece was written long before Twitter proliferated in the world of Web 2.0. A Critique of Weaknesses Beyond the obvious quibble that, five years after the article in question was published, much has changed in the public’s experience of the Internet, Patterson is afflicted by a lot of misconceptions about the nature of the pursuit of pornography and the role of Web access in this evergreen human desire. With respect to the less important weaknesses of the article, the author shows himself decidedly overawed by art as a subject, by the illusion of sophistication being preferable to clarity in choice of words, and by the role of the computer as “alien interface” when it is in fact just one more medium for display of pornography. Patterson stretches the Time magazine cover graphic as a metaphor for the alienation inherent in Internet porn and the power of machine over man. Why, he asserts in “Categorization and the Truth of Desire,” Web-based porn actually provokes a bodily response! But we are disappointed to discover he meant solely keystrokes and mouse glides. The author is also quite mistaken in interpreting delayed gratification as vital to the consumption of pornography in this context. He ascribes undeserved importance to the sign-up process and to search for just the right class of fantasy one desires as intrinsic to sexual satisfaction. In the age of broadband access and YouTube, we know now that the author was merely rationalizing the narrow bandwidths of his Web 1.0 era. But the author is right about the ceaseless search for more and more pornography; he just gets the reason wrong. In fact, the most damning evaluation one can make about this article is how the author overlooks the fact that all pornography is fantasy, no matter what medium it arrives in. In addition, voyeurism is central to any type of porn, not just the amateur sites, interactivity, or “collapsed distance” as proximity that Patterson would have us believe is specific to porn on the Internet. Quite simply, fantasy and voyeurism motivate the “seriality and repetition” that the author wrongly ascribes to Internet porn alone. Works Cited Patterson, Zabet. “Going Online: Pornography in the Online Era.” In Williams, Linda (ed.) Porn Shades , Duke University Press, 2004. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Kimberly-Clark Corporation’s Sustainability Goals Essay Introduction Kimberly-Clark Corporation is a multinational company headquartered in Dallas, Texas that produces hygiene and personal care products, including paper towels, diapers, toilet paper, and similar items. The company was founded in 1872, and it has reached global popularity through its family of brands. In an effort to become more socially responsible, Kimberly-Clark Corporation has initiated a plan for reducing its environmental impact. Since the vast majority of the company’s products are disposable, waste management and minimization became the management’s principal focus. One of the core pillars in Kimberly-Clark’s sustainability plan is waste and recycling, and the goal is to divert 150,000 metric tons of product and packaging waste from landfills by 2022. In order to achieve this goal, Kimberly-Clark Corporation focuses on post-consumer waste recovery, product re-design, and increased recyclability of products and packaging. The plastic film material used to package a lot of Kimberly-Clark’s products is the primary source of landfill waste originating in the company. However, it is unlikely to be substituted, and thus it is necessary to encourage customers to return packaging instead of throwing it away. So far, Kimberly-Clark Corporation sought to raise consumer awareness by placing recycling labels where customers can see them. At the moment, the company is also considering the implementation of a rewards-based program to motivate customers to return or recycle the packaging. For the program to be effective in supporting Kimberly-Clark’s goals, it has to create value for customers. Store drop-off recycling and product rewards have been considered as one of the possibilities. Problem Statement The plastic film used by Kimberly-Clark Corporation is a significant source of landfill waste. In order to achieve its sustainability goals, the company has to reduce the volume of this film that ends up in landfills. The management of the company wants to know whether a rewards-based recycling program would be feasible and effective in supporting Kimberly-Clark’s sustainability ambitions. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson” Essay American literature is a varied and broad subject, with many discussions started and concluded over the years to portray the intricacies of the human condition on paper. Some authors were more concerned with writing fictional narratives, while others attempted to describe, relay or retell events familiar to them. Prose and poems, novels, thrillers, dramas, character explorations, and simple stories, were all written to convey a message, to reach a particular audience and strike at their heart, to connect in a way that is only possible through genuine emotion. Many of such works are still fondly remembered or well-kept to this day, posing as writings of great significance and unique entries to their respective genres. Although the selection process for the things that ultimately get remembered can be quite unfair, I think the books and writings that got cemented as the literary canon are still worth knowing about, discussing, and remembering. Through reading such stories, one can not only get to understand the lives, values, and thought processes of people long gone but also find what makes literature memorable. The kinds of impact stories have, the constant themes of literature, and the ways that people can be portrayed and described, all can be learned by studying the canons. Speaking of stories and their impact, I want to further discuss and share my thoughts on one such piece, “ A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson ”, written by the titular Mary Rowlandson. The story is notably a part of the so-called “captivity narrative” category, which is categorized as narratives about being in captivity of a foreign entity. The piece depicts the personal account of the author and describes the life she had to lead during the 11 months of her captivity by Native Americans. The story has an interesting presentation, and the tone it establishes is also somewhat unique. The descriptions of the events leading up to her capture are told in a manner that displays a lot of the horror and drama of a violent confrontation and presents the author’s emotions well. This kind of beginning serves well to establish the basic premise of the piece and build emotional investment. The emotional state and the approach Mary takes to her experience are also evident, as the entirety of the description is filled with religious undertones. I think that the piece captures the thought process of a deeply pious person of that period in an intriguing manner. How the lady attempts to both rationalize and explain the events as a God’s trial and interjects her faith into the descriptions is very fascinating. Mary’s relationship with the natives is also peculiar, as it cannot be understood on a strict binary. While the event of taking people into captivity is certainly not a good thing, that practice was rather common in earlier parts of history, and it is not the only thing that informs both the author’s and the audience’s view on the native people. They, like any other type of people, are complex, sometimes treating the protagonist with kindness, and intentionally bringing her harm in other situations. Mary herself learns to understand the culture and tradition of the natives she considered disgusting, although only partially. I think that the piece is a great demonstration of the period it was written in, although not a fully accurate one, perhaps. The depictions of people, events, the hope and desperation of the main character, as well as all the things she had to live through with her close ones, are all pretty complex and multi-faceted. The religious parts intertwine with the continued perseverance of Mary, who manages to live through the ordeal in large part due to her strength of character. Although I would have to admit that reading the text presented some challenges due to the writing style, it was largely well written, presented, and formulated. I think the piece serves as a good point of reference for the experiences of people in captivity, as well as a work that demonstrates the central role religion paid for people in the past. It, along with traditional values like family, was a kind of a beacon of hope for people, something that allowed them to constantly overcome adversity and better understand the world around them. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Pseudogout Treatment and Management Essay Problems, Differential Diagnoses, and a Primary Diagnosis Problems The main concern of the 56-year-old patient is severe pain and inflammation in the knee. During the last three weeks, the pain was consistent. Physical examination shows swollen and erythematous with periarticular involvement. Regarding the laboratory results, several differentials and one primary diagnosis are defined. Differential Diagnoses Osteoarthritis of the knee, unspecified (ICD-10: M17.9) is one of the frequent forms of arthritis that bothers many people around the whole world and is characterized by severe joint pain (Silverwood et al., 2015). Among the main risk factors for the disease, the patient has several, including older age (56 years) and obesity (310 pounds). He has not addressed the doctors in the last 6-7 years. It is hard to research his history. Hypertension (ICD-10: I10) is a common condition among older adults that lead to the development of numerous diseases and health problems such as infarction, strokes, and even death (James et al., 2014). Physical examination identifies BP 191/112. The results are higher than their normal values. Besides, the patient is at risk due to the presence of such factors as obesity (310 pounds) and age (above 45). Obesity (ICD-10: E66) is defined as a disorder that is usually characterized by an extensive presence of fact in a body. The patient’s weight is 310 pounds, and his height is 5’8’’. BMI is 47.1. It is an evident sign of obesity. High cholesterol level (300 mg/dL is another sign. Hypercholesteremia (ICD-10: E78.0) is a condition when the level of cholesterol is high than usual. The normal range should be from 100 to 130 mg/dL. The patient’s level of cholesterol is 300 mg/dL. Obesity is the main risk factor. Primary Diagnosis Pseudogout of the knee (ICD-10: M11.2) is also known as chondrocalcinosis and is characterized by severe pain in knee joints, inflammation processes, and changes in the laboratory tests. The patient’s complaint includes pain in the knee, and the examination proves inflammation. This disease is characterized by sudden pain and swelling. Besides, the high levels of cholesterol and Calcium should be taken into consideration because pseudogout results in joint inflammation caused by crystals of calcium pyrophosphate induction (Goroll & Mulley, 2014). Pharmacological Plan for a Primary Diagnosis The goal of the pharmacological plan is to remove or, at least, prevent the development and formation of new calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate crystals. No particular cure for this disease exists. Therefore, it is necessary to combine treatments and therapies. NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and colchicine should be offered to the patient at the first stage of the treatment (MacMullan & McCarthy, 2012). 1. A low dose of colchicine (0.5 mg) is suggested twice per day. These drugs should be taken orally. The number of times could be increased in case pain bothers a patient frequently. 2. Naproxen, as one of the possible NSAIDs, could be offered: 500 mg two types per day orally to relieve knee pain. If the chosen drugs do not lead to the level of cholesterol is decreased, the use of such medications as Colestid or Lipitor two times per day should be prescribed. Education for a Patient with Pseudogout It is easy to cause a new cycle of an inflammation process in the knee. Therefore, the patient has to be properly educated about the main changes in the style of life and the risks of misunderstanding the main idea of treatment. The clarifications of appropriate diet should be given. The patient is obese, and much pressure on the knee is observed while walking. Diet and a healthy style of life are offered. Besides, the patient should make the joint rest for several days and use ice packs to reduce the inflammation process. References Goroll, A.H., & Mulley, A.G. (2014). Primary care medicine: Office evaluation and management of the adult patient (7 th ed.). China: Wolters Kluwer. James, P. A., Oparil, S., Carter, B. L., Cushman, W. C., Dennison-Himmelfarb, C., Handler, J.,… Smith, S. C. (2014). 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA , 311 (5), 507-520. MacMullan, P., & McCarthy, G. (2012). Treatment and management of pseudogout: Insights for the clinician. Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease , 4 (2), 121-131. Silverwood, V., Blagojevic-Bucknall, M., Jinks, C., Jordan, J. L., Protheroe, J., & Jordan, K. P. (2015). Current evidence on risk factors for knee osteoarthritis in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage , 23 (4), 507-515. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Human Biological Materials for Research Essay New developments in Biotechnology hold significant promise in advancing knowledge, in various life forms, and improving human lives (USOTA, 2002). In addition to this promise, comes enormous responsibility for scientists and policy makers. Human biological materials (tissues and cells) can be used to develop commercial products like hybridomas, cultured cell lines, and for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes (USOTA, 2002). The use of human tissues and cells for research and commercial purposes causes weighty legal, ethical and economic issues. These issues raised resemble those of organ donation. Two laws regulate organ donation: uniform anatomical gift act 1968 and national organ transplant act 1984. On the contrary, human tissues and cells used in scientific research raises questions that have not been answered (Novakovic & Freshnev, 2006). Who should set the standards defining the acquisition of tissues and cells or under what circumstances the acquisition should be permitted or denied? In her book, the immortal life on Henrietta Lacks, Rebecca Skloot traces the history of human cell research. The author also examines the ethical and legal issues emanating from this research. Henrietta Lacks, the main character of the book, tested positive with cervical cancer at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Researchers took cervical cells (HeLa cells) from Henrietta Lacks during the diagnosis process without Lack’s consent and used them to conduct medical research. Henrietta Lacks signed a statement permitting surgery to be conducted on her. However, the doctor never informed her that her cells would be used in cervical cancer research. The doctor neither informed Henrietta nor her family about his intentions to conduct research using HeLa cells. In addition, the researchers kept Henrietta’s family in the dark about the billions of shillings earned from HeLa cells research. HeLa cells formed the first immortal cell line and contributed to the development of Polio vaccine, gene mapping and cloning. In her afterword Skloot (2010) presents two controversial issues that surround the subject of human tissues and medical research. Skloot affirms the vitality of consent. In the past, researchers did not put into consideration the donor’s consent. In fact, the researchers cared less about the patients’ rights, and they would use the tissues in whatever way they felt like. Currently, tissue rights activists emphasize the need for researchers to have patients’ consent prior to collecting their tissues for research. However, controversy still rages on the use of diagnostic tissue leftovers. On the other hand, money made from human tissues medical research contributes to the ongoing controversy. Controversy exists whether scientists need to inform tissue donors that their tissues would be used in commercial research. Stakeholders need to set the standards defining what sought of rights can be employed under such circumstances. In this regard, patients’ rights, consent issues and commercial gains from tissue research are the cause of the current controversy. Currently, several regulations protecting patients whose tissues participate in research exist. However, no regulation indicates the controversy of commercial gains (Novakovic & Freshnev, 2006). As stated earlier, scientific research contributes to the improvement of life through novel inventions. This research requires raw materials some which come from humans. If the benefits of medical research based on human tissues can be put in the bigger picture, a majority of the people will agree that this research is necessary. Experts just need to come up with laws that address consent and commercial benefits issues. Some experts warn that giving patients control over their tissues would be detrimental to academic research and nascent biotechnological firms. Stakeholders need to realize the importance of granting patients rights of ownership of their tissues. This can only be done through the indulgence of all stakeholders. The current common law does not provide a definitive answer to address the issues surrounding the source, right of ownership and commercial gains of human tissues used in research (USOTA, 2002). When faced with such challenges, judges have to reason by analogy using legal principles and precedent developed from other circumstances. In another incident, reported by Skloot (2010), David Galoe a cancer researcher used Mr. Moore’s spleen for cancer research. Apparently, the circumstances under which Moore signed the consent to give away the rights of his cells were not clear. Moore retracted his earlier statement after realizing that Galoe had used his cells for commercial purposes. Moore sued the researcher. However, the judge ruled in favor of the researcher indicating that Moore’s claim was unjustifiable. Moore appealed, and the Supreme Court ruled in his favor indicating that a patient needs to know what becomes of his or her tissues. Galoe appealed in another court of appeal that gave a final statement on the issue: when a doctor extracts a tissue from a patient’s body for medical examination, and the tissue remnants remain in the doctor’s lab or office, with or without the patient’s consent, the patient loses any claim of them. This case reveals the ambiguity surrounding consent and commercial benefits of human tissues involved in research. Therefore, definitive laws indicating the circumstances under which consent and commercial benefit issues can be used need to be formulated. This will allow enhance academic research without undermining the integrity and ownership rights of patients. At the end of it all, people must agree that both patients’ rights of ownership of their tissues and academic research are essential. References 1. Novakovic, G., and Freshnev, R. (2006). Culturing of cells for Tissue engineering. New Jersy: John Wiley and Sons. 2. Skloot, Rabecca (2010). The Immortal of Henriettah Lacks. Lodon: Pan MacMillan. 3. U.S Office of Technonological Assessment (USOTA) (2002). Ownership of Human Tissues and Cells: New Developments in Biotechnology. London: Minerva Group. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Documentary “An Inconvenient Truth” by Davis Guggenheim Essay The problem of environmental protection is one of the most controversial and significant questions in modern society because today people need to realize the negative consequences of their activities on the environment and the planet. In 2006, the former Vice President of the USA Al Gore and filmmakers Davis Guggenheim and Lawrence Bender produced the striking documentary film An Inconvenient Truth. The film focuses on the problem of global warming discussed from several perspectives, including the political, scientific, social, and moral approaches. An Inconvenient Truth is based on the slide show or presentation on the topics of global warming and climate change prepared by Al Gore and demonstrated in hundreds of cities globally (Bender, 2006). The presentation was the real success in many countries, which influenced the development of the environmental movements in communities. Thus, An Inconvenient Truth is the documentary film on the problematic question of global warming which is developed to attract the public’s attention to the environmental issues one more time, while contributing to the people’s awareness of the problem. The film is structured to represent and document the aspects of how Al Gore demonstrates and discusses his presentation in different cities while drawing the audience’s attention to the hot questions of climate changes. The detailed description and discussion of the causes and effects of the environmental issues and provided graphs and visuals in the slide show are based on Al Gore’s previous complex investigation in the field. Thus, all the claims presented in the slide show are supported with the facts, statistics, data, and evidence which make the presentation rather scaring because of explaining the potential risks for the people’s global community. The film begins with the detailed and comprehensive information on the topic of global warming to catch the audience’s attention, but this documentary film differs from the other ones because the problematic question is discussed in the context of Al Gore’s personal and professional life as a politician and activist (Bender, 2006). The story of Al Gore’s way to his vision of the environmental problems is full of personal challenges and family tragedies, which formed his position. The next part of the film is closely associated with the idea that the observed climate changes can be discussed as moral issues that is why such disasters as Hurricane Katrina, droughts, and the changes in ice sheets are the products of the people’s immoral acts about the environment. Thus, Al Gore provides the evidence in the slide show to state that the greenhouse effect is the result of the people’s activities (Bender, 2006). Moreover, people’s negative acts regarding the environment are also the causes of social problems in Africa today and the potential problems associated with refugees, slavery, and famine in the future. It is demonstrated in the final part of the film that the steps to change the situation for better are rather easy, and they can be realized individually. Al Gore pays attention to the fact that it is necessary to step aside from the aspects of the political discourse and to focus on the real actions in decreasing the levels of the carbon dioxide in the air (Bender, 2006). People can focus on recycling and using alternative sources of energy without changing their life, but improving the situation related to the environment. Thus, the authors of the film concluded that it is the moral obligation of the world population to take easy steps in preventing global warming and climate changes. Thus, Al Gore’s presentation is one of the approaches to contribute to the improvement of the situation. Reference Bender, L. (Producer), & Guggenheim, D. (Director). (2006). An inconvenient truth [Motion picture]. USA: Paramount Classics. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
A study conducted by Regner et al. (2010) is aimed at proving that gender cannot be viewed as a factor affecting one’s WM capacities or defining them. The study involves a quantitative analysis of the WM abilities of participants. The research results indicate that the effects of stereotyping on the development of WM and the relevant skills are direct and rather drastic. The study, however, pointed to the fact that the environment created by stereotyping was significantly different from the one which the authors described as choking under pressure. To be more specific, the women that were subject to stereotyping managed to resist the threat quite successfully, thus proving that the gender issue remains one of the primary areas to address. The research outcomes indicate that stereotyping is linked directly to the fear of failure and the expectation thereof. Choking, in turn, is caused by the pressure to succeed, which female participants claimed to have experienced. The study results also show that gender-fair conditions contributed to a rapid increase in performance rates among low-WM female participants. Consequently, it can be assumed that the focus in exploring the issue of WM development should be shifted from gender-related issues to researching a combination of gender- and environment-related factors. Thus, a comprehensive strategy for managing the problem can be built, and the further enhancement of WM skills development can become a possibility. As a result, a rapid increase in performance levels is expected. Advantages of Working Memory Training Although having been explored extensively, the phenomenon of WM remains to be studied more thoroughly, with a range of blank areas remaining in it. Particularly, contradictory information about the efficacy of WM training may indicate that an in-depth analysis of the subject matter is required. Although WM training used to be considered pointless due to the ostensible lack of effect on one’s cognitive abilities, it has recently received much attention as a possible means of improving one’s intellectual skills, as Kaufman (2013) explains. Furthermore, WM skills are crucial for performing daily routine actions since they help retain essential information and use it successfully despite possible distraction factors that may impede a successful performance. In addition, WM helps one control one’s thoughts, therefore, making the process of thinking coherent and analytical. The identified characteristic of WM must be recognized as a crucial one since it defines not only the efficient functioning of one’s brain but also one’s emotional well-being. Apart from defining one’s personality, WM also affects the neurotransmitter functioning of one’s brain. Consequently, the processes associated with the production, release, and transfer of dopamine can be enhanced with the increase in the WM activity levels. Moreover, the application of WM training techniques should also be viewed as a necessity for those that have suffered a traumatic brain injury. Therefore, despite being often glanced over as controversial, WM-based training is likely to have a positive effect on one’s cognitive development. In addition, WM should be viewed from a multidimensional perspective. Once every single factor that may possibly affect the target population is taken into account, WM can be used to enhance one’s performance significantly. References Kaufman, S. B. K. (2013). In defense of working memory training. Scientific American . Web. Regner, I., Smeding, A., Gimmig, D., Thinus-Blanc, C., Monteil, J., & Huguet, P. (2010). Individual differences in working memory moderate stereotype-threat effects. Psychological Science, 21 (11), 1646-1648. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Education in “The History Boys” by Alan Bennett Essay Introduction The play, “The History Boys” is a fascinating and interesting text by Alan Bennet. The play is really though-provoking, intensely moving, whereby it is of great depth as well as dazzle and fun. The author, Alan Bennet has demonstrated his expertise in play writing through the interesting and fascinating nature of the play. It is worth noting that the play is immensely funny and deep-wrought whereby nothing cloud can diminish its incendiary achievement. The core theme addressed by the author is the meaning of education. This theme has been perfectly presented by the author through the brilliantly funny characters and smooth plot. These phenomenons make the play moving, disquieting and heart brimful. The play represents the real happenings in the school setup, whereby unruly behavior of students is demonstrated. This has been demonstrated to have had significant impact on education and the overall operations in the school setting. The play has provided an explicit overview of the real nature of the school setup. In this case, the staffroom rivalry as well as the anarchy of adolescence is demonstrated. The nature of instructing history as well as its core nature has been explored in the play. The play has also sought to demonstrate the concept of education and its purpose. The play revolves on the unruly behavior of the students in the learning institutions. In this case, the unruly bunch of bright boys who are identified as funny sixth-forth boys in great pursuit of sport and sex is illustrated. The place of the students in the universities also offered a special attention by the author. The development and nature of the play, “The History Boys” is really admirable and eye catching to the audience. The play has proved to be thought-provoking, funny and hugely successful. To begin with, the characters in the film have been professionally presented in undertaking their various roles. The characters are beautifully created and lovable. This makes the play interesting to watch and read about. This is evident from the confused homosexual youth posner to the obsessed with league results, and the stresses icy headmaster. Each of the characters has been able to demonstrate their roles with great humor and expertise thus making the play to be interesting. The amusing comments and witty one liner have contributed in making the play extremely amusing. This has also made it deeply serious whereby the purpose and issues concerning education have been outlined. The theme issues of inevitable competition and homosexuality among the youth in educational context has been efficiently presented by the characters and admirable plot of the play. The phrase, “History Boys” is used symbolically to refer to thousands of hopeful Oxbridge candidates each year who demonstrate the lows and highs of studying and the joy of learning. This aspect has made the play a timeless jem. The play is highly thought provoking as presented by the distinct traits of the characters. For instance, the character of teacher Hector is portrayed as a great conviction is extremely impressive and intellectually brilliant. This personality is however contradicted by the fact that he is a fallible human being overwhelmed by desires and temptations. Based on this situation, a great sympathy is evoked from the readers thus making the play even more effective. The competency and expertise of the author is clearly demonstrated in the presentation of these scenes thus making the play a powerful text. Conclusion In summation, it is clearly evident that the playwright has realized his objective. The plot, scenes and characters in the play have been excellently presented, thus making the play worth watching. The themes concerning the purpose of education, the inevitable competition among adolescent, the staff room rivalry and the height of immorality has been clearly presented in the play. It is notable that the play is thoroughly enjoyable in the sense that, it lights both stage and mind. It can here be categorized as one of the rare plays which a person feels to watch time and again by learning something new each time. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Alcoholism Problem Overview Essay Alcoholism is one of the major factors affecting the health of individuals and family relations due to the repercussions of the dependence. Liquor is highly addictive mainly because of the significant impact on the body leading to inhibitions and euphoria. The major effect rendered by the consumption and abuse encompasses compromising the individual’s perception, reactionary behavior, and judgment. It is a depressant to the central nervous system but causes profound damage to the liver; a condition referred to as liver cirrhosis. Drunkenness is a perspective that fosters the dependence of the victims on other family members. The main reason victims become dependent involves the overutilization of financial resources, loss of jobs, and health issues. The unproductive and dependence rate among the victims causes psychological abuse among the family members since the individuals resolve to violence as a desperate solution. The family environment is one of the mainframes that significantly influence the addiction rate among drunkards while fostering the contradiction within the scope of the aftermath. The poem “My Papa’s Waltz” focuses on the articulation of a relationship between a father and son. Roethke establishes that the amount of alcohol consumed is too much for a baby’s breath while the father dances with the son (4). On the one hand, the bond between the individuals is a symbol showing the necessary compassion between father and son. On the other hand, the poet demonstrates one of the ideal consequences of alcoholism through the imagery of a father and son interconnectedness. According to Sharma and Sharma, recovery from dependence lies in exposure to a therapeutic surroundings and constructive interactions (1347). The primary objective during the development of an action plan involves the involvement of relatives towards alleviating the main problem and enhancing growth. Alcoholism is a concept that leads to dynamic issues within the society enshrining the community’s health. Sharma and Sharma argue that different factors attribute to the behavior among the addicts (1348). An excellent example is the demonstrated affection between father and son based on alcohol consumption (Roethke 7). It is important to establish mechanisms that enhance communication among people as a form of understanding personal appeals. The poem showcases divergent attitudes among the audiences due to the dynamic imagery of a bond whose fragility depends on character among drunkards. On the one hand, and enhanced family environment fosters significant self-realization. On the other hand, the influence of liquor threatens the misconception and poor mentorship based on the impact on short-term happiness. The dependence on alcohol negatively affects the health of an individual that is an embodiment of a spiritual, mental, and physical being. In this case, Sharma and Sharma indicate the establishment of a therapeutic family environment fosters the optimal acquisition of insights to avoid alcoholism (1348). In a different spectrum, the researchers establish that it is crucial to exploit the social learning theorem. It is a construct that indicates the interdependence of human behavior to exposure to different ideologies. In this case, the exposure of a child to an alcoholic father is symbolic of the risk of inheritance of the habit based on the perceptive approach. Therefore, it is crucial for relatives to alleviate the aspect of exposing the younger generations to the conduct as a preventive aspect. The consequence of alcoholism entails poor health and financial instability. The overdependence on liquor risks the quality of living due to the focus on attaining satisfaction from the booze. Therefore, individuals exploit all resources without the essence of protecting the future based on the steadiness in performance at workplaces and savings. In the poem, the son finds joy in the interaction with the father despite his inability to complete tasks independently while drunk (Roethke 8). Although it is an experience that poses a lesson for the child, it is symbolic of the significant risk of negatively influencing his behavior. In this case, Sharma and Sharma establish that conflicts and achievement orientation are attributed to family relations under the spectrum of alcoholism (1349). Primarily, the ideal solution to the addiction matter is the incorporation of dynamic strategies that render the alleviation of the concern. The nature of family relationships orients the behavior of the personnel due to the ability to contribute to self-realization. Individual esteem translates to the quality of experiences with relatives. During a child’s growth and development, the cognition’s response and attitude toward particular concepts depend on the previous experiences. Therefore, Sharma and Sharma argue that expressiveness and cohesion become variables that impact the ethical and moral code and interpretation across the dynamic population (1348). The primary duty of parenthood entails mentorship in developing charismatic leadership qualities. In this case, the shortcoming is based on such interactions and exposure as in the poem, Sharma and Sharma articulate that the addiction becomes an emblem of self-confidence. Consequently, alcoholism is a prominent issue within society due to its negative influence on family relationships. On the one hand, the consumption of liquor provides a platform for engagement among individuals. On the other hand, it forms a cycle of disparate human behavior that shatters the future of personnel based on misuse of funds and poor health. Therefore, it is crucial to abolish the habits as a form of alleviating the foundation of relationships among relatives from negative appeals. References Roethke, Theodore. “ My Papa’s Waltz ”. 1942. Sharma, Jyoti, and Anita Sharma. Risk Factors in Alcoholism: The Role of Family Environment. Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 8. 11 (2017): 1347-1352. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Summit Credit Union’s Training Needs Assessment Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Needs Assessment 3. Stakeholders 4. References Introduction The idea of performing a needs assessment in an organization appears from the necessity to identify the most pressing problems and provide effective solutions to eliminate them. As a result, there may appear new HR policies or training programs (Kaufman & Guerra-Lopez, 2013). The case study at hand is devoted to Summit Credit Union, in which new lenders begin their work without undergoing training in particular aspects related to their job. The problem is that their knowledge received before the beginning of practice is insufficient to start working. They only have a general idea about the principles of the lending system operation and the types of loans. Thus, a need assessment is required to determine what training opportunities can help them improve their job skills. Needs Assessment To target the organizational issue described above, it is essential to locate a particular need for training. For this purpose, it is required to perform: 1) organizational analysis, 2) person analysis, 3) and task analysis–the three major steps of a needs assessment. This separation allows conducting in-depth research while isolating the influence of external factors (Kaufman & Guerra-Lopez, 2013). Once the evaluation is completed, the organization leader may choose from the list of possible training solutions. At the first stage of the assessment, it will be determined what the organization needs to achieve and whether new training programs can be beneficial for it (Golin & Delhaise, 2013). As soon as the goals are identified, it will be possible to judge whether the company has all the necessary resources for executing its plans. The second step is to conduct a person analysis. Its purpose is to identify whether employees need training and how this is indicated by their performance. To understand this, desirable and existing capabilities and performance indicators are compared. If the assessment procedure reveals that training is required indeed, it must be decided who will provide and receive it. Moreover, it is essential to understand what competencies employees lack and in what areas improvement is crucial (Golin & Delhaise, 2013). At this stage, it will be clear if the problem is in the training curriculum or it has other underlying causes such as the lack of motivation or any other human-related factors. If it is not about training, there is no need for the third step of the assessment since other strategies will have to be developed depending on the underlying causes. Finally, task analysis will establish what tasks are to be completed to bridge the gap between the desired and the actual performance of the organization. The content of the program must align with the requirement of the lender position. Since they have a particular task, the training should not be too broad in scope (Kaufman & Guerra-Lopez, 2013). Its primary goal is to solve the problem of lacking competence before the beginning of lenders’ work practice. Stakeholders First and foremost, the assessment will involve lenders since they are the target group. Secondly, organization leaders of all levels have to participate since they are responsible for the performance of employees. Managers and supervisors have to be aware of the problem to be able to control it. This can help them figure out the reason lenders start their jobs lacking necessary skills and theoretical background. It will also be helpful to consult the author of the exiting training program to understand if the problem is in the curriculum. Finally, if the budget of the organization allows, they might invite an independent expert, who will perform an objective analysis of the situation. References Golin, J., & Delhaise, P. (2013). The bank credit analysis handbook: A guide for analysts, bankers and investors . Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Kaufman, R., & Guerra-Lopez, I. (2013). Needs assessment for organizational success . Alexandria, VA: American Society for Training and Development. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The first phase in the development process was guideline development (Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario, 2016). In this stage, research was the main activity done to develop the drafts of the recommendations. Research gaps were identified, and the future implications of these solutions were determined. Practice, outcome, and health system research were conducted to develop the guidelines. The next steps included dissemination, implementation, and proving the sustainability of the research findings. The suggested recommendations were shared with professionals to obtain their assessment (Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario, 2016). The recommendations that made it to the guideline were then put through the evaluation and monitoring process to determine their effectiveness in the management of pressure injuries. The professionals gave their opinions on the new guidelines to establish efficacy. How Research Contributed to the Best Practice Guideline The research helped the team identify gaps in the management of pressure injuries, which helped develop research questions. The research questions led to the trials of various practices and the test of their efficacy and the long-term implications. Therefore, research enabled the best recommendations that are efficient to be adopted and put down as guidelines. These guidelines further improve the practices of interprofessionals when dealing with pressure injuries. Recommendations Identified in the Guidelines that Are New to You and Will Help an Your Nursing Practice Practice recommendation 3.3 on the importance of a nutritional plan to the person injured and to the caregiver. Nutrition is essential to the healing process of the person with the pressure injury. It was a new aspect to me but would prove helpful when dealing with a pressure injury in practice. Education recommendation 5.2 on the need for prior professional knowledge, attitude, and skills related to assessing and managing pressure injuries. These skills will make my work in actual practice easy and reduce the pressure and tension of first-time interaction with the injuries. The system, organization, and policy recommendation 6.2 was new to me and would be of great importance to my work in the future. Lobbying and advocating for investment in pressure injury and management as a strategic safety priority in jurisdiction will ensure that funding and proper education are given to professionals dealing with pressure injuries (Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario, 2016). It will open doors to better research and improved facilities to offer help to persons with pressure injuries. Reference Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario. (2016). Assessment and management of pressure injuries for the interprofessional team (3rd ed. ), Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Homeschooling Growth in the United States and Its Legalization Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Why homeschooling? 3. Conclusion 4. Works cited Introduction Homeschooling has grown in size and popularity in all the fifty states of America. The increase in homeschooling in the U.S. has resulted in national lobby groups pushing for its legalization. According to Cooper and Sureau, there are approximately one and a half million children in the U.S. currently under official homeschooling (110). American parents prefer home schools for a myriad of reasons. Despite the rapid rise in homeschooling, critics view it as an assault on the public interest in education. The current paper will discuss the phenomena of homeschooling in America. Despite its increased popularity, homeschooling is not a good way to educate children. Why homeschooling? There are various reasons why parents in America enroll their children in home schools. In a recent study in America, it was found that eighty-five percent of parents enrolled their children in home schools because of fear about the environment of other schools. There were fears that public schools would expose children to a harmful environment such as exposure to drug abuse and negative peer pressure. Other reasons cited by parents for preferring home schools include; provision of religious instructions (seventy- two percent) and frustration with academic content in other schools (Princiotta and Bielick 12). According to Gaither, homeschooling in America was made possible by factors such as suburbanization, feminism, political radicalization, and the increased secularization of public schools (332). The author argues that suburb homes offer better learning environments cause of their comfort and techno-rich interior. The traffic and ugliness of the outer environment make homeschooling appealing (333). Feminism has contributed to a rise in homeschooling. A good number of educated women in the U.S. believe that they should channel their education and talent into training their children at home (Gaither 335). Many religious parents prefer home schools as a way of shielding their children from the increased secularization of schools. Despite the rise in homeschooling in America, opposition and criticism of the system have also increased. Critics see homeschooling as the ultimate form of privatization that glorifies private interest in education over a broader public interest. Other disadvantages of homeschooling include; lack of socialization for the children worry about substandard curriculum content and inadequate protection of homeschooled children (Cooper and Sureau 112). Critics view families that support homeschooling as narrow-minded and against the public interest. They accuse such families of creating unrealistic cocoons for their children. In addition, critics complain that homeschooling is an intense form of privatization in education and it denies public scrutiny on a child’s performance. The system of homeschooling also disenfranchises the general public from its genuine interest in education. According to Cooper and Sureau, many parents have been agitating for the right of their children to access public resources. Critics see this agitation for access to public resources as a way of draining money from public education into private home schools. Critics fear that public funds may be used to purchase curriculum and religious material that may cause division in society (114). Conclusion In conclusion, we can say that the U.S. has witnessed a rapid rise in homeschooling with the number of students now at 1.35 (Cooper and Sureau 110). Parents cite reasons like safety concerns, education content, and the negative environment of the public schools. However, homeschooling may result in secluded children exhibiting anti-social behavior. Homeschooling has led to the development of narrow-minded private interest at the expense of public interest in education. Works cited Cooper, Bruce and John Sureau. “The Politics of Home schooling: New developments, new challenges.” Educational Policy 21.1 (2007): 110-131.Print. Gaither, Milton. “Home schooling in the USA Past, present and future.” Theory and Research in Education 7.3 (2009): 331-346. Print. Princiotta, Daniel, and Stacey Bielick. “Home schooling in the United States: 2003. Statistical Analysis Report. NCES 2006-042.” National Center for Education Statistics (2006). Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Should Non-Citizens Be Allowed To Vote? Essay The United States of America is part of a constantly changing facade. Our country manages to evolve and continue to grow because we openly accept other nationalities and races into our society. We accord them to decency and respect expected of a gracious host towards his guest. Extending each and every allowance so that they may feel comfortable in their strange surroundings and have a sense of home because they are accepted regardless of their shortcomings. However, it has recently come to light that these non-citizen’s are slowly invading the rights of our citizenry and has left us citizens to answer the question “Do non- citizens deserve the right to vote?”. Which then leads one to wonder as to whether these people have actually earned the right to have a say in the way our country is run just because they live and work here. There are actually 2 schools of thought regarding this issue. Both of which seem to have sound reasoning when you hear their representatives talk. But in the end, it is actually just your personal opinion that will matter. Whether it makes a difference or not. Noted Associate Professor of Political Science Ron Hayduk (2009) is a staunch advocate of the non-citizen’s right to vote in both local and national elections. His reasons are based upon 3 major premises which he explains as follows: 1. It’s legal – The constitution does not preclude preclude it and the courts — including the Supreme Court — have upheld voting by non-citizens. Non-citizens have enjoyed voting rights for most of U.S. History and continue to do so this day. 2. It’s rational – There are moral and practical reasons to restore immigrant voting — including the notion of equal rights and treatment — as well as mutual benefits that accrue to all community members, citizens, and non-citizens alike. 3. It’s feasible – Non-citizen voting is making a comeback in U.S. and globally. (The Case For Immigrant Voting Rights, p.84) Prof. Hayduk (2009) makes some highly interesting supportive points in his essay and, if one were to allow emotion instead of logic to reign, validity in his reasoning may actually be found. If one were to give it considerable thought, non-citizens are already residents of the country and they already enjoy equal treatment with their peers, regardless of their citizenship status. Including earning from our business sector, integrating into our society, and paying taxes on certain earnings and purchases. All our socio-political decisions already have a direct bearing on the non-citizens lives because of their resident status in the country. Therefore, they should be given a voice by which their sentiments can be heard and protected. Our society exists in an symbiotic relationship with all the citizens so allowing the non-citizens to vote should actually be a no-brainer. But, if we pay attention to the little known details and intricacies of the voting system, we will see how Hayduk’s arguments are riddled with errors and imagined benefits. The main concern being on what separates a citizen from a non-citizen and how blurring that divider will cause confusion and danger for our centennials old way of life. Stanley Renshon (2008), the noted Professor of Political Science from City University of New York Graduate Center points out that voting is a privilege and not a right. Therefore the voting issue is something which should not even be coming up. Renshon (2008) further argues that by allowing non-citizen’s to vote, we will further be blurring the difference between citizenship and resident status to the point where being awarded citizenship may no longer matter since they can participate in democratic exercises without really understanding what they are voting on or what the issues are really about. To quote Renshon (2009): These activists are trying to erase the distinction between citizen and alien, or between citizen and foreigner…[speaking] directly to the nature of state sovereignty itself. (The Debate Over Non-Citizen Voting: A Primer, p. 92) By allowing non-citizens to vote, we would be putting the very essence of our country’s history on the line. We would allow a rewriting of history as understood by people who may or may not become our fellow American. If I were to be asked for my opinion on the matter, my answer would be as follows, “If you don’t understand the very foundation of our country’s democratic history and political turmoil, how can I expect you to make an educated vote?” If there is even a chance that you could go back to your home country and leave us high and dry in turmoil filled times, does that make you worthy of a citizenship? If you hold dual citizenship, should we continue to honor you as such when there is obviously a real conflict of interest brewing? Keeping those questions in mind, it should be pretty obvious that I support the stronger argument of the two, which belongs to Stanley Renshon. Citizenship, if not born into, it something which takes time to acquire officially because those petitioners could easily move back to their home country anytime, leaving us high and dry to deal with their barbaric ways. I say. let them come to me — when they are ready to face how vast our world actually is and why these people need to become citizens before they should be allowed anywhere near a voting precint. Work Cited Hayduk, Ron. “The Case For Immigrant Voting Rights”. 2009. Web. Renshon, Stanley. “The Debate Over Non-citizen Voting: A Primer” April 2008. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Religious Oppression in Multicultural Curriculum Essay Introduction Multicultural education encompasses such critical issues the consideration of which is crucial for the harmonious life of society. The educational process aimed at building a tolerant and inclusive society should go beyond simple transferring of knowledge and information; it should equip students with cross-cultural competence (Banks, 2015). Table 1 reviews a diversity curriculum aimed at investigating the topic of religious oppression. Instructor Name: Lesson Topic Conceptual Understanding of Religious Oppression. Lesson Rationale Due to the current setting regarding the recurring religious conflicts and clashes, the curriculum will be aimed at overcoming stereotypes emerging around heterogeneous groups and maintaining an inclusive educational environment that encourages diversity. Standards Anchor Standard 1 (CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.SL.1): “Prepare for and participate effectively in a range of conversations and collaborations with diverse partners, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively” (“English language arts standards”, 2017, para. 1). Contemporary educational institutions are heterogeneous organizations that furnish educational services and include diverse groups of students and employees who differ in various attributes such as cultural and religious backgrounds. The heterogeneous organization of the educational process presupposes the interaction of students with different backgrounds at the same level and ensures equal access to the educational environment for all students regardless of their peculiarities (Dover, 2015). Evidence Consequently, the task of educational institutions is the provision of religious pluralism. In order to take into account the existing religious diversity and manage it effectively, educational institutions should form an inclusive educational environment. In connection with this vision, the main objectives of the educational process will be to orient at building equal educational opportunities for all students by increasing the awareness and tolerance in them and creating a favorable educational atmosphere that will contribute to the social self-location of adult students (Dover, 2015). Course learning outcomes to be achieved as the result of the curriculum implementation: * Establishing a safe and tolerant learning environment inclusive of all students (Hollins, 2013); Desired Results/Learning Outcomes * Raising their awareness of global issues such as religious oppression and the barriers that they form; * Promoting critical thinking to enforce cross-cultural awareness and avert stigmatization and discrimination; * Developing positive self-image of the diverse students (Banks, 2015); * Educating students on the importance of social justice and inclusive society. Stage 1: Introduction to the topic (15 minutes; Professor – Class mode). The teacher will ask the students to brainstorm their ideas on the topic of religious oppression to investigate their background knowledge and initial representations. After brainstorming, the educator will cover the basic domains and concepts related to religion, confessions, oppression, and discrimination based on religious differences. Stage 2: Religious family backgrounds (40 minutes; Group discussion). The purpose of the activity is to enable students to place themselves in the religious context and reflect on their self-image. The students will share their cultural and religious heritage reflected in their name, background, and traditions exhibited in their family. Part of the assignment will be to compare and contrast the differences they notice when talking about religions and nationalities (Hollins, 2013). The integral outcome will be to allow students to conduct self-identification within diverse cultural contexts. Stage 3: Religious privileges (45 minutes; Group discussion and Professor-Class mode). Learning/ The students will discuss and create a chart of privileges that the representatives of different confessions can have. In particular, they will address if they have any privileges in the USA. After that, they will be required to discuss the experience of people who do not have the same religious privileges and what its consequences or effects are. Teaching When the group discussion is over, the professor will collect the lists and create a chart based on students’ answers to reflect on the rightfulness of keeping certain population groups underprivileged and the way the US Constitution oversees this issue. Activities Break (15 minutes). Stage 4: Types and Levels of Oppression (History and the Modernity) (45 minutes) The professor will present the information regarding the types of oppression that have been exhibited throughout the history of the USA and the levels of discrimination faced at present. The particular emphasis will be made on the current events (for instance, terroristic acts that occurred and their influence on the society’s perception of particular religious groups). Students will share and justify their opinions on the latest occurrences. Stage 5: “At Play in the Fields of the Lord” (Brincando nos Campos do Senhor) (the USA, 1991) (40 minutes) The professor will show excerpts of the movie to encourage students’ thinking about the manifestations of oppression and will provide explanations to them to drive students’ comprehension. Stage 6: Social Activism (30 minutes) The educator will ask the students to compile the ideas they gained from the movie with the Constitutional safeguards for religious freedom and the values promoted by society and analyze the way individuals can become active participants in changing society to become more inclusive. Stage 7: Closing questions (10 minutes; Professor – Class mode). Materials Needed Textbook, handout materials on types and levels of oppression, DVD with “At Play in the Fields of the Lord” movie. Assignment / Follow-up Group assignment: Analyze issues of religious oppression faced by you (your family, friends, partners, closest people, or people that you know personally). Compile a list of stereotypical portrayals of people belonging to diverse religious confessions (based on levels and types discussed in class). Enumerate both positive and negative stereotypes/prejudices that you or people you know have come across and specified the problems and barriers that have emerged as a result of these prejudices. Table 1. Core details of the curriculum. References Banks, J. (2015). Cultural diversity and education. New York, NY: Routledge. Dover, A. (2015). Teaching for social justice and the Common Core. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 59 (5), 517-527. English language arts standards . (2017). Web. Hollins, E. (2013). Transforming curriculum for a culturally diverse society . New York, NY: Routledge. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The New Kinds of Identity Theft Essay Identity theft is defined as the acquisition of a person’s financial and personal information without his or her permission for a criminal’s benefits. This means that names, surnames, Social Security numbers, addresses, bank account or credit card numbers, and the account numbers of medical insurance may be stolen. They are traditionally used for buying things, stealing tax refunds, receiving health care, getting new credit cards, and opening gas, electricity, or phone accounts in a victim’s name. According to a 2019 Internet Security Threat Report prepared by Symantec, 1 in 10 people currently become victims of identity theft every year, while 21% of them have been victimized more than one time (Steinberg par. 1). At the same time, this issue will be more disturbing in the future as criminals are constantly discovering stealthier and more efficient ways of fraud. Although the tendencies of identity theft cannot be clearly predicted, it goes without saying that they will be directly connected with technologies due to their constant development. From a personal perspective, new kinds of identity fraud will refer to information acquisition through mobile phones and tablets and high-quality copying of the company’s websites that deal with purchasing. In the present day, identity theft with the use of public USB charging stations and wi-fi, software, spyware, and specific applications may be already observed, and in the future, these methods will be developing. In addition, the education sector and medical industry will be more affected by cyberattacks as success, in this case, will result in the acquisition of considerable amounts of personal information. Finally, in the future, it will be necessary to deal with the consequences of current identity thieves, especially child identity thieves, in combination with synthetic ones. In other words, fraudsters may open credit accounts in children’s names undetected, combining fake and real information. As the majority of children under sixteen years old do not have credit reports, criminals’ activity may remain unknown until victims apply for a job or a student loan. Work Cited Steinberg, Scott. “The Latest Ways Identity Thieves Are Targeting You — and What to Do if You Are a Victim.” CNBC , 2020, Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Origin of Major World Religions Compare & Contrast Essay Table of Contents 1. Similarities 2. Differences 3. Conclusions 4. Works Cited Islam is a monotheistic religion that was founded by Prophet Muhammad, a visionary leader from Arabia, centuries after Jesus’s coming. Islam religion considers Allah to be their God and believes in Muhammad’s revelations detailed in the Quran. Prophet Muhammad’s writings are valued by Muslims who consider them as flawless, which are final revelations of God. Christianity, on the other hand, is based on the teachings contained in the holy book, the Bible. They believe in an eternal, all-powerful and all-knowing God personified in Trinity. Christians believe that God created the universe and everything within it including human beings. Judaism is based on Tora which are the Old Testament books written by Moses. Similarities Revelation is considered to be the basis of the world major religions such as Christianity, Islam and Judaism. According to Judaism, their major goal was not connected with the knowledge of God but with an intimate and immediate communion with God. The three religions, also known as Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam), share the commonality that consists in the fact that God does exist capable of revealing His will to humanity. These religions have profound documents which help the faithful distinguish between the false and true prophets. From historical books it is recorded that Abraham had two sons, Ishmael and Isaac. Islam religion considers Ishmael as the father of their religion while Christians and Jewish believe that Abraham’s second son, Isaac, is their patriarch. However, the similarity is based on the fact that Islamic and Jewish religions share a common ancestor, Abraham, and their patriarchs Ishmael and Isaac were blood brothers (Taylor). Differences Judaism, Christianity and Islam are believed to have originated around 2000 BC from the covenant between ancestor Abraham and the God of the ancient Israelites (Heschel). The three religious beliefs point out the specific leaders who led Israelites out of Egyptian bondage to the Promised Land. Their texts describe leaders such as Moses as an outstanding leader who took Israelites out of captivity. The same leader provided people with the laws of God who was later succeeded by Joshua that led the multitudes into the Promised Land where they were ruled by kings. The first Israelite King was Saul who was succeeded by David and then Solomon, the son of David, who ultimately built the first temple in Jerusalem. The Jews believe in God who possesses absolute power and wisdom hence should be worshipped by all people (Taylor). Judaism regards the God as the one who rewards good deeds but punishes evil. The Jews believe that God made perfect all creations hence there is no need in salvation for people (Heschel). Judaism does not believe in the need for one’s salvation, which is contrary to the Christians’ beliefs who affirm the fact that God sent His son Jesus Christ onto the Earth to redeem human kind from sin by dying upon the cross (Taylor). Conclusions In conclusion, it must be mentioned that the understanding of world religions requires one to have religious tolerance. There is need of bringing religions closer through establishment of some commonality based on identified similarities. Religious importance consists in the fact that it helps in understanding the world and everything within it is God’s handiwork. The same applies to revelation which helps in reflecting the will of God upon our lives as exposed through Holy Scriptures. Works Cited Heschel, Joshua. God in Search of Man: A Philosophy of Judaism , Chicago: Noonday, 1955. Print Heschel, Joshua. God in Search of Man: A Philosophy of Judaism ,Westport, Connecticut: Aronson Inc., 1987. Taylor, John.The Theological Basis of Interfaith Dialogue, in J. Hick and B. Hebblethwaite, eds., Christianity and Other Religions , Philadelphia: Fortress, 1981 Taylor, Daniel. Deconstructing the gospel of tolerance , Minnesota: Bethel College, 1999. Print | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Gwendolyn Brooks, an African American Poet Essay “Gwendolyn Brooks, an African American poet who was the first black author to receive the coveted publisher prize, was born in Topeka, Kansas, but she was bought up in Chicago. Her father was a janitor and mother was a school teacher.” (Gwendolyn Brooks (1917 – 2000). As a child, she had seen the ugly side of racial discrimination and such practices had remained an influence in most of her writings. Luckily for the author, her parents were both supportive of her reading and writing and they encouraged her in her endeavors. (Gwendolyn Brooks (1917 – 2000). Her poems are known to reflect real experience, mostly derived from her life. Besides, her poetry enjoys particular popularity because they deal with the issues of the present time and are upbeat, containing the themes of the wayward nature of youth and its drastic consequences. Thus, the author always sought to forewarn the youngsters of the negative results of their thoughtless actions and tried to motivate them to gain education and become successful in life. Gwendolyn’s poem, “We Real Cool” can be seen as a creation triggered by the deep insight that she gained into human lives through her personal experiences. It is a fact that the youth of the modern-day does not have any clear sense of morality and they do not care much for the values that their previous generation has cherished. They seldom recognize the significance of education and skip classes without any valid reason. The author in this poem narrates the saga of some such teenagers who do not have a clear sense of purpose in whatever they do. The seven boys who leave school and go to play pool are examples of the carefree nature of the young generation in the modern world. As a result of ignoring their education, some of them become dropouts from school and finally leave the institution without even getting a high school diploma. Ultimately, they do not even get a good job and in the end, become failures in their lives. Obviously, by writing this poem, Gwendolyn Brooks intends to reach out to her audience and wants to impress upon them the importance of education and leading a disciplined life. Therefore, she shares her poem so that the youngsters will take the correct decision and choose the right path in life. Gwendolyn’s poem is a reflection of the thoughts of the youth. They think that they are cool and can do anything they want to. Once they leave school they start acting like adults and think that the world is in their hands. They roam around late at night, have parties, and drink a lot. They do as they wish. But this is not what should happen. Youngsters should not have this feeling in their minds. The poet ultimately says “We die soon,” and this is the thing that happens. The poet, through her work, wants to warn the youth that drinking and merry-making will fetch them no positive results and finally will end up in their destruction. It is not a fantasy it is the reality. There is not even a tinge of the lie in it. This poem is a perfect projection of the truth. In my opinion, the poem is a profound tribute to the youth of today, from an author who has learned a lot from her life. Any serious reader of literature who reads this poem will immediately recognize the message that the writer wants to convey to her audience. Moreover, the aforesaid poem gives several positive vibes to the readers, making them think and understand the pitfalls they will have to face in life and how to overcome those. It has the strength to change people’s life and alter the way they look at things. However, the poem is too subtle for an average reader to comprehend, and only if the audience reads it carefully and thinks about it deeply the meaning will become clear. The dexterity of the author becomes conspicuous in the manner in which she mentions the shovel at the beginning of the poem, which effectively works as a device of foreshadowing when she mentions death, which is the payback for wayward living, in the end. Though the poem is short, it has a lot of inner meaning in it, which is a little difficult to understand in the first read. The poem can help turn a new leaf in the books of lives of the people who choose to live a carefree life, without paying heed to values and morals and those who fail to recognize the importance of education and discipline in life. It can open their eyes and their minds too. Overall, it can be said that by writing the poem, the author wants to communicate a message to society, especially to the youngsters, to desist from wrong things and focus on the right things in life. Thus, it may be rightly stated that the poem is written with a noble purpose and the author wants to share her pains so that the next generation will learn a lesson and assign importance to necessary things in life. Works Cited Gwendolyn Brooks (1917 – 2000) . Poetry Foundation. 2010. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Impact of Voluntary Organizations on State Report (Assessment) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Impact on Capacity 3. Impact on Management 4. Impact on Infrastructure 5. Funding Issues and Their Impact 6. Conclusion Introduction Voluntary organizations depend entirely on funding for their existences. These funds come from different sources such as state which is the major funder for most of them. Funding is one of the important areas in which the voluntary sector organizations cannot ignore while running these organizations. It entails looking into an organizations’ short and long term survival as well as the challenges they face in delivering their services. It plays a big role in voluntary organizations especially in management, capacity building and infrastructure. In other words, Voluntary organizations depend on funders for sustainability. Funders help in running core functions in these organizations that help achieve their goals and objectives. Funding patterns for voluntary organizations are complex and are changing with times. The organizations thus find ways of surviving through this situation. The funding patterns fall under three broad categories. Portfolio funding is that which involve more than one funder who carries equal importance to the organization. Single predominant funder involves one major funder while major or minor funder involves two institutions with an equal importance to the voluntary organization. Due to complexity of funding patterns, the voluntary organizations do not depend on one funder. In order to survive they engage a multiple funders so as cope with the dynamic situation (Gettler, 2007). Impact on Capacity Capacity building starts with the development of the voluntary organization itself. Stable funding ensures that the organization is well established in terms of capacity. Funding impact positively on the voluntary organizations because it enables them to acquire the capacity to do projects and give services they intend to offer to the society. In order to receive regular funding the voluntary organizations should maintain good communication between themselves and the funders. This improves the relations hence making the process easier when requesting for funds. Volatile funding leads to decrease in organizational capacity for voluntary sector. This therefore leads to inability of the voluntary organization to perform its duties hence do not achieve the overall goal. Impact on Management Funding in a voluntary sector organizations impact on the way a given organization is managed. In other words, it determines the way they are structurally governed and the way they make decisions as well as the activities they are involved in. Funding therefore is an important factor as far as management is concerned. This is because it impacts on the way voluntary organizations perform their duties in order to achieve their overall goals. Management of voluntary sector should work in a formal system that allows accountability. Management should be independent with no government influence. This is possible only if the voluntary organization is stable in terms of the resources. If this is not the case government funding can sometimes bring about management challenges in which the funders may want to use the organizations to fulfill its own aspirations. Moreover the management may be forced to make decisions in favor of the funder. Poor management of the voluntary sector organization may result to its collapse in the long run. Impact on Infrastructure Voluntary sector requires infrastructure to effectively do their work. Stable funding ensures that there are resources required to support voluntary work and other community service. Volatile funding translates to inadequate infrastructures in a voluntary organization. This in return affects the way activities are carried out. Due to unpredictable patterns of the funding process and the problems experienced as a result of depending on the external funding, most of the voluntary organizations fund their infrastructures internally. This ensures that their activities are not affected by irregular patterns of funding. Funding Issues and Their Impact It is important to note that dealing with diverse funding is one of the challenges faced by the voluntary sector. It takes more time and energy since it entails dealing with different institutions with different policies and hence different demands. Voluntary sector faces numerous issues today than it did years back. This is due to influence of commercialization hence the process is costly. In addition, the voluntary sector is faced with challenge of increased demand for services and thus funds are never enough. With the stiff competition over the scarce funds, the voluntary organizations are impacted differently depending on the type of the voluntary sector organizations. The well established ones are able to compete favorably hence less negative impacts. On the other hand, the less established voluntary organizations lack the capacity to compete for funds hence experience negative impacts in their management, capacity building and infrastructure (Muffels, 2001). Conclusion New funding practices that are complex and changing posses a great challenge to the voluntary sector organizations. This therefore calls for self sufficiency for these organizations. Self sufficiency can be achieved through earning income from other activities apart from depending on others for funds. Self sufficiency will ensure that the voluntary organizations are not impacted negatively when failed by external funders. It thus means that they can stand on their own supporting its capacity to perform the duties they are supposed to perform. In addition, the issues affecting management and infrastructure can be addressed internally hence sustainability of the voluntary sector organizations. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Shelby Lee Adams “The True Meaning of Pictures” Essay (Critical Writing) This paper analyzes the work of photographer Shelby Lee Adams, using the 2002 documentary The True Meaning of Pictures , directed by Jennifer Baichwal, as its principle source. Shelby Lee Adams was born in Hazard, Kentucky in 1950 and grew up well known to many of the rural Appalachian families that populate his photographs. Familiar though he is with the living conditions of the poorest of the poor in Kentucky, Adams nonetheless did not live in that culture, but alongside it, as an observer from a middle class background (Baichwal 2002). When considering the question, is Adams an insider or an outsider in his Appalachian project, one must answer outsider. Why? Simply because socio-economically Adams grew up with the awareness of that poverty, but was not directly affected by it, as the subjects of his photographs have been. In Shelby Lee Adams’ work we see the impact of poverty in the lack of access to adequate food, health care, clean water and education (Baichwal 2002). Adams’ photos chronicle these affects, but he himself cannot speak to their impact from personal experience. In essence his work may give an indirect voice to the socio-economic conditions that the Appalachian residents face, but not from the authority of having lived through that poverty. Rather, Adams’ work exploits and judges his subjects from a classist point of view. Adams employs visual effects such as portraying the subjects consistently in black and white, utilizing consciously artificial staging, and making use of dramatic lighting effects to create exoticism in his Appalachian subjects. In the words of Variety critic Dennis Harvey, Adams’ work contains “posed shots that are classically composed and feature intricate, often chiaroscurogothic lighting. [The] result makes these “hollar dwellers” look grotesque and pathetic, like backwoods Diane Arbus subjects” (Harvey 18). The photos essentially turn the viewer into an ethnographer, but one who is neither sympathetic nor ethical, because the heightened exoticism of the photos intensifies the distance between the viewer and the subject, and the lurid lighting especially makes the subjects appear freakish, less than human, and in many cases inspire fear in the viewer. Documentary photography can be distinguished from other forms of photography via its commitment to the real. Unlike art photography or fashion photography for example which can be outlandishly staged and lit moodily and eerily, the basis of documentary photography is real life. Natural light does not appear to play much of a role in Adams’ work. Often it casts gloomy, heavy weight on the subjects, which may or may have not existed at the time of day when the photo was taken. Adams’ defense for playing with reality in this way sounds less like a documentarian and more like an artist: “By getting in there with the camera, by creating some distortions, I’m hoping to make everyone think…I’m experiencing this environment. I’m trying to share with you, in an intimate way, that experience” (Baichwal 2002). According to critic Kathleen Cummins, “Adams makes a passionate case for the style and content of his work on the foundation that his photographs are his way of expressing himself artistically” (Cummins 37). However, Adams as the documentary photographer absolutely bears responsibility for the work beyond the making of it, for the simple fact that he is showing this work outside of its context. The interpretation of the Appalachian subjects leaves their hands and enters Adams’ hands, and how they are perceived is at the mercy of Adams’ composition. Adams functions as editor in these photographs; he has selected certain moments to record and chosen not to shoot others, and with this action he takes charge of representing the people in his photographs, for better or for worse. As Cummins explains, “Adams reveals more about his problematic role in “documenting” Appalachia [when] he tells of how his father, as a doctor, would visit the most isolated families.”Although my father had prejudiced views, I came to know those people.” Here is revealed the inner conflict in Adams, and within America in general. The distinction between “his people” and “those people” is not about regionalism or even his vocation as a photographer. It’s about class” (Cummins 38). Baichwal’s film remains fully aware of this, even if Adams does not, and the filmmaker “subtly constructs associations and stark contrasts between what Adams says and what he does” (Cummins 38). Adams the photographer still views his subjects as beneath him; regardless of what he might say, the thinking behind his gaze is derogatory. That sense of judging the subjects as inferior reads loudly and clearly in every photograph. One way this discrepancy in power between Adams and his subjects might equalize would be if Adams gave his subjects their own cameras, taught them how to use them, allowed them to take their own photos, and decided as a group which photos to include in a show, book or film. The simple fact that the Appalachian peoples found in Adams’ work have no agency – that the usage and application of their own images rest in Adams’ hands and not their own – makes these works exploitative. Works Cited Baichwal, Jennifer, dir. The True Meaning of Pictures. Mercury Films, 2002. Film. Cummins, Kathleen. “The True Meaning of Pictures: Shelby Lee Adams’ Appalachia.” Take One March-May (2003): 37-40. Web. Harvey, Dennis. “The True Meaning of Pictures: Shelby Lee Adams’ Appalachia.” Variety 390.2 (2003): 53. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Analysis of the Globalization of Cemex Coursework Table of Contents 1. Benefits of CEMEX 2. CEMEX managed to outperform competitors 3. Accounts for the sequence 4. Recommendations 5. References Benefits of CEMEX Globalization enabled CEMEX in a path of expansion, by operating in 15 countries and owing production accounted to 60 percent of assets, with revenue of over 50%. By 1999, six major cement companies Holderbank, Lafarge CEMEX, Heidelberger, Italcementi, and Blue Circle had emerged in the international market, they outperformed local competitors at any given point. The Six major controlled 500 million tons of capacity, which was slightly one – quarter of the world’s total (Ghemawat, 2004). Globalization made CEMEX the third largest cement company in the world in terms of capacity and the largest in trading internationally. It helped CEMEX entry countries which larger markets, they realized that in the long run, demand for cement was directly related to the Country’s GDP. The higher the population the greater the infrastructure needed, Globalization gave CEMEX its opportunity. It’s no surprise why the CEMEX executives at times think of it’s international operations as a “ ring of grey gold ” (Ghemawat, 2004). During the 1970’s the U.S cement industry collapsed and gave the opening for European Cement firms, making them buy existing Cement companies and give them a head start rather than setting up a factory themselves. They concentrated on production volumes for their of shore profitability and by around 2000 European cement companies owed 65% of the U.S market (Prahalad, 2006). CEMEX managed to outperform competitors Among its 5 competitors in its Asia Cemex manages to out perform them in terms of production and price, another interesting fact about CEMEX is, its biggest competition Holderbank have holding in five companies which is the extract same amount of holding CEMEX have, however CEMEX manages to out perform Holderbank in terms of price and capacity and with Lafarge, Italcementi and Blue Circle, its operation cost if far more efficient and effective. Example: – Blue Circle has around stake in 8 Asian companies but its production output is 12.6 tons compared to CEMEX capacity of 25.9 with a stake of 5 Asian companies. CEMEX 12 months stock data showed it had a 114% returns on its stock investments compared to the 20% average competitors. Among the major 5 companies CEMEX is the second largest cement company in turn of global reach, with 38 countries compared to its top competitor with 58 countries (Prahalad, 2006). Accounts for the sequence CEMEX became the third largest cement company in the world. However as the Mexico also started to open its market in the late 80’s, it allowed Holderbank and Lafarge to move in for expansion, faced with a possible threat to its business, CEMEX in turn decided to acquire other companies and boost its production capacity. This made CEMEX the second largest producer of cement in Mexico with seven new plants and 6.6 million tons of capacity. CEMEX entered the U.S market in the late 70’s and by the late 80’s CEMEX acquired a 1 million ton plant in Texas and by 1999 it’s accounted a 12% percent of total sales in the U.S market (Prahalad, 2006). CEMEX in 1992 brought 68% percent in stocks and had 94% percent voting rights in two of the largest Cement companies in Spain. Expanding in other countries like Chile having 12% stake in Chile’s third largest Company Cementos Bio- Bio and its investments in Philippines, Indonesia, China, Egypt and Latin America (Ghemawat, 2004). Unlike the other markets it entered before, CEMEX became more selective and it focused at high population and high growth for it to venture.CEMEX also wanted to control at least 25% of the market it invested in, having it dominance on the cement market it decided to be more selective in its investments. Recommendations CEMEX should look at focusing on its image, like focusing on global issues and trying to look more of an environmental friendly company, the future lies in CEMEX showing it is concerned and will do what it needs in the fighting global warming. However in terms of expansion, it should still look at investing in developing countries, as the scope of infrastructure will boost their sales in cement, staying away from unstable governments and countries would be a good idea. CEMEX should try holding its stakes in Countries like China, India and developing countries with a good amount of multi national company’s presence. CEMEX should also focus on the countries with good transports facilities which would cut down on their production cost drastically. The world is getting closer together in term of opening their markets to other companies. CEMEX would benefit in having its presence in as many as possible and it would create a stronger base to its over all operations (Prahalad, 2006). Its accusations and holding stakes in other companies are good tactical move and it should continue doing so. Having its stake or acquiring companies rather then setting up a new one, helps them understand the market and its customer more effectively. References Ghemawat, P. (2004). The Globalization of CEMEX . NY: McGraw-Hill. Prahalad, CK. (2006). The fortune at the bottom of the pyramid . LA: Wharton School Publishing. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Full Range Leadership Development Essay Introduction Leadership is a slippery word that is defined differently by different people in the world. Some people consider leadership as a process while others defines it as a responsibility. It is quite interesting to note that leadership is very different from science because leaders are not certain whether they will attain their goals or not. Studies define leadership as a process of having things done by people. It is also a process of being in charge of a certain group or organization in the society. The fact with leadership is that it either can be inherited or acquired meaning that people can be born with leadership while others can acquire it. The objective of this study is to explore the concept of leadership by answering questions related to leadership styles such as factors that lead to effective leadership and how leaders influence people lives among others (Clark & Poortenga, 2003). Discussion Compare and contrast the leadership styles and scope of influence of two historical figures The story of ethics: Fulfilling our nature is a resourceful book written by Clark, K. and Poortenga, A. The book explores the concept of leadership by highlighting various theories of leadership that are evident in both tradition and modern world. Based on the book, researchers were able to identify some of leaders who have been considered as historical figures in the world. Examples of such historical figures include Bill Clinton, George bush, Nelson Mandela, Idi Amin Dada and Julius Nyelele among others. All these leaders used different styles of leadership to lead the society. The study discusses Idi Amin Dada and George Bush as important historical figures that used different leadership styles during their regime. An example is Idi Amin Dada who was the president and a military leader of Uganda between 1971 and 1979 (Sosik & Jung, 2001). He used autocratic leadership style to lead the people of Uganda by commanding them to do what he wanted. In contrast, George Bush, the former U.S. President used participative leadership style to lead the people of America. He gave American people the mandate to participate in the decision-making process, a style that brought development in the country (Greenstein, 2003). The implication is that dictatorship and democracy are very different and they act as determinants of a country’s development. What made Idi Amin Dada and George Bush effective leaders? The two leaders cannot be considered effective because not all of them influenced people’s lives positively. George Bush in this case can be considered as an effective leader as opposed to Idi Amin Dada because he led with the help of people. He considered the society as an important part of leadership by granting people the opportunity to participate in the decision-making process (Greenstein, 2003). On the contrary, Idi Amin Dada ignored the role of the society in leadership by leading against the likes of the Ugandan, people (Sosik & Jung, 2001). How did they influence the lives of people positively or negatively? According to the history of George Bush, it is clear that he influenced the lives of people positively by allowing people to take part in the decision making process. He also gave people the opportunity to air their opinions or views hence being able to determine their problems and creating means through which they could be helped. In contrast, Idi Amin Dada influenced the lives of people negatively by imposing the policy that demands the killing of all the economic burden people that form part of the minority groups in Uganda. He never led by people but against them thus demoralizing them from actively participating in the development process (Greenstein, 2003). How will they be remembered in history? George Bush will be remembered for his good leadership among the Americans. During his regime, America achieved high levels of development that led to high standards of living to the American people (Greenstein, 2003). On other hand, Idi Amin Dada will be remembered for his poor leadership style that led to massive killing of minority groups in Uganda. Many in history will remember the dictatorship kind of leadership that he practiced (Sosik & Jung, 2001). Would you consider them servant-leaders types? According to the study, American people will consider George Bush as a servant leader because he was committed to cater for the need of all people regardless of their health status as opposed to Idi Amin Dada who never cared for his people (Greenstein, 2003). Conclusion In conclusion, the study is interesting because it explores the concept of leadership by highlighting different styles of leadership practiced by different leaders in their countries. The study used George Bush and Idi Amin Dada as two examples of historical figures that influenced the lives of the people both positively and negatively. References Clark, K. & Poortenga, A. (2003). The story of ethics: Fulfilling our human nature . New York: Prentice Hall. Greenstein, F. (2003). The George W. Bush presidency: an early assessment . United Kingdom: JHU Press. Sosik, J. & Jung, D. (2001). Full Range Leadership Development . London: Taylor & Francis. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
On the one hand, the practitioner needs to act to the best benefit of the client, while, on the other hand, she needs to comply with the ethical standards and policies of the organization she works for. In Tanya’s case, the advanced human service practitioner acted unethical, as she failed to acknowledge the limits of confidentiality to the client. According to Standard 3 of the ethical standards provided by the National Organization of Human Services (NOHS, 2015), “human service professionals inform clients of the limits of confidentiality prior to the onset of the helping relationship” (para. 7). Thus, the practitioner needed to have informed the client that she would be forced to tell the commission about the client’s contact with the father of her children, and such dialogue with vague phrases would not be needed. When working with the service user, it is crucial to consider several aspects of culture. In particular, according to Shepherd et al. (2019), the service provider should be aware of the possible biases associated with the client’s view of the family and individuals, success and growth, happiness and adaptability, spirituality, and social class. I believe that the practitioner was not acting in accordance with cultural humility, as she did try to learn how important it was for the service user to communicate with the father of her children. Advanced human service practitioners should have acknowledged that the client’s communication with the father of her children may negatively affect the chances of getting into the transitional housing program. Thus, as the employee’s supervisor, I would recommend assessing the culture of the client and engage in co-learning with the clients about their culture. References National Organization of Human Services. (2015). Ethical standards for human services professionals. Web. Shepherd, S. M., Willis-Esqueda, C., Newton, D., Sivasubramaniam, D., & Paradies, Y. (2019). The challenge of cultural competence in the workplace: Perspectives of healthcare providers. BMC health services research , 19 (1), 1-11. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Twin Oaks Intentional Community Ethnographic Analysis Analytical Essay The last research study dealt with ethnographic observation of Twin Oaks Intentional Community. It was through field work that the community was noted as one of the intentional communities. According to Christian, “an intentional community is a group of people who have chosen to live with or near enough to each other to carry out their shared lifestyle…” (xvi). The second paper will analyze this community according to what was observed in field work. The study involved not only performing some interviews with its members but also getting information through interactions during meal times. There are several lessons one can learn by observing and analyzing this community and its culture. As stated in the former paper, the community under observation cherishes values like peace, sharing, cooperation and equality. They like to work together in order to promote peace and equality among themselves. These are some of the aspects of culture observed in that community. The event in which this analysis was done met the required expectations. It was similar to the prospect because some lessons were to be learnt by studying this community. One of the main lessons learnt was their effort to bring gender equality in the community. Twin Oaks had provided a good example of an unrelenting effort to defeat gender related inequality challenges in a community (Smith 240). They had put consistent effort to stop inviting new members from the dominating gender that had created imbalance. In fact, they clearly set a rule in place that would ensure gender balance at all times. That was the reason why they do not invite new members of the dominating group. It is also important to note that this community aimed at helping one another by embracing non violent activities. Every member had to participate in decision making although final decisions belong to a ‘Board of Community Planners’ (Smith 243). As an observer, any community needs to improve education programs in order to build a strong practice of collective child rearing. Twin Oaks has another cultural aspect and practice in child care. The way they practice childcare is indeed a great lesson worth emulating. Child care is not for women only but it is a communal and voluntarily task extended to any member in the community. The community practices collective child rearing responsibility (Levinson 679). In this case it is clear that children would have ample time with adults even if they are not related. However, children face some challenges in education due to lack of sufficient educational programs and facilities. The entire process of raising children is under the control of the wholecommunity. According to its policies, there should be planning and direction on these matters. One of the main objective facts that distinguish itself from observation and interpretation is Twin Oaks’ ability to continuity. This is an important lesson one can learn by studying this community. Through this study, it is clear that Twin Oaks had the ability to maintain itself for years (Fosket & Mamo 170). The community had experienced successful maintenance because it had endured changes for some length of time. This flexibility had helped them to transcend through emerging changes in the community. In the process of writing notes during field work, several factors were put into consideration. These factors were considered to be integral in sustaining a community and included contact, collaboration and connectedness. Twin Oaks needs to embrace these values. The continued anthropological research on Twin Oaks is helpful since there are myriad of lessons to be learnt. Intentional community living is a solution to survive in a disintegrated social order. The lesson that can be learned in the case study is how to create a unified life together especially for the purpose of pulling efforts as a common unit during difficulties. This is a deliberate attempt to start a group of people to work together in order to accomplish a common goal. It is also imperative to note that there are well defined policies and internal control measures in an intentional community. As a matter of fact, such controls are necessary as part and parcel of maintaining law and order as well as peaceful co-existence. Twin Oaks was able to come up with some stringent policies that helped its community to live and work together. The community was quite harmonious largely due to the set rules that acted as guidelines. Finally, there were several questions that came up while carrying out this exercise. For instance, what would be the need of creating life together or living as a common unit? Definitely, there are myriad of reasons behind this. For instance, if people live as a unit, harmony and social interaction will be cultivated. The other inquiry would be whether this form of community living can be embraced globally and at the same time achieve the same desired results. It is vital to note that intentional community life has its own merits and demerits which may vary from one geographical location to another. Factors such as cultural differences as well as individual values and belief systems do matter a lot when it comes to setting common rules and regulations in such communities. Interestingly though, Twin Oaks was able to create a cohesive living environment among its people. Works Cited Christian, Diana. Creating a Life Together: Practical Tools to Grow Ecovillages and Intentional Communities . Gabriola Island: New Society Publishers, 2003. Fosket, Jennifer & Mamo, Laura. Living Green: Communities that Sustain . Gabriola Island: New Society Publishers, 2009. Levinson, David. Encyclopedia of Community: From the Village to the Virtual World . Massachusetts: Berkshire Publishing Group LLC, 2003. Smith, Vicki. Worker Participation: Current Research and Future Trends . San Diego: Elsevier Ltd, 2006. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Researching of U.S. Imports and Exports Essay Effect of Transactions Students in Prague flock to see the latest movie from the Hollywood The U.S. net exports include films produced by the movie industry, meaning that the number of profits from exports will increase as a result of this transaction (United States (USA) exports, imports, and trade partners). Films created and produced by Hollywood annually contribute to American wealth. Similarly, the nation’s net exports will likely improve by a small margin as a result of this action. Mrs. Jones in Philadelphia buys a new Volvo The decision of Mr. Jones to purchase a Volvo will inadequately affect the country’s imports and exports, primarily because a single person’s decision is too insignificant to affect an entire country. However, from a discussion perspective, this action can increase the U.S. spending on imports, as the car bought by Mr. Jones is foreign. In an alternative scenario, Jones’s money could have supported a local manufacturer instead. The student bookstore at Oxford University in England sells a copy of a U.S. printed/authored textbook. The purchase of a US-published and authored book will contribute to the country’s export revenues and net exports, as it is a product made and sold from the United States to another nation and its people. The book sold at the student bookstore was printed inside of the U.S., meaning that it had to be shipped and sold to the bookstore as educational material. Canadian citizen shops at a store in northern Vermont to avoid Canadian sales taxes The decision of a Canadian man to shop in a U.S. store does not affect either imports or exports, as the man is shopping in the U.S. territory itself. An American art professor spends the summer touring museums in Europe The decision of an art professor to tour European museums does not affect U.S. imports or exports in any way. The profits of the affected countries go to their cultural exports profits, and the professor spends his own income. Reference United States (USA) exports, imports, and trade partners . OEC. (n.d.). Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Aspects of an Ethical Flaw in Business Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Amber’s Incident 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Many would not dispute the fact that ethics is the study of what is acceptable and immoral, right and wrong, or with pragmatic duty and accountability. Business ethics is concerned with decisions made by business leaders about what is right and wrong. Some may well utilize various sources, such as holy books or one’s conscience, to figure out the truth and what is positive or negative, and excellent or indecent. People’s actions and advice, including those of our parents, friends, role models, and otherwise members of our churches, clubs, and associations, are another source of ethical guidance. For the majority of experts, there are codes of ethics that outline acceptable behavior. The Amber’s Incident The incident includes the story of Amber Davis, who had not found an occupation when she graduated. Even though her grades did not indicate her knowledge, she was considerably bright. Amber had found only several stimulating academic pursuits as she thoroughly enjoyed school, various physical activities, and spending time with her friends. The president of one of the manufacturing firms, Bill Garbo, has proposed Amber a position in his firm. In light of the aforementioned, he did this due to the reason that Amber’s father, who was supplying Bill’s company, sincerely described his daughter’s dilemma. According to professional ethics, all executives, even those from various castes, religions, socioeconomic backgrounds, gender, and so on, must be treated equally and given equal opportunities to develop and grow within the organization. Therefore, each employee would be assigned an equal amount of work and accountabilities, and they would be required to complete the work and obligations to the company. Nevertheless, Mr. Garbo has already endorsed Amber Davis for the position without even properly interviewing her. This situation demonstrates that her employment was solely to obtain tenders and supplies from Mr. Davis’ company. Amber may have been sluggish, but she was much beyond stupidity. Undoubtedly, she realized that Bill had hired her expecting his intentions to lead to further profits from her father’s company. Moreover, she was evading her duties, “when a difficult job was assigned to Amber, she normally got one of the other employees to do it” (Martocchio & Mondy, 2019, p. 48). Nonetheless, Amber’s failure to perform her legitimate expectations in the company and her insistence on having others do her work demonstrates that others were not treated equally. Regarding the fact that Amber is competent at her assignment and that it would be unsuitable for the company manager to fire her, it would be prudent to remind her of her unethical behavior. Furthermore, Mr. Garbo should be guaranteed that she performs her responsibilities in the office. Ms. Davis has to be conscious of all of her charges and obligations. Perhaps, Amber should proceed with training to ensure that she is knowledgeable, supposing that she has difficulties when completing assignments. Additionally, the department manager should ensure that Amber receives all necessary assistance at her workplace. Under no circumstances should her work be unreasonably transferred to other employees. Thoughtless delegation of Amber’s responsibilities would result in an unhealthy working environment. Conclusion In conclusion, it is undeniable that Bill Garbo treats his employees differently, even though he sometimes might not conjecture this. Thus, he should inspect his attitude toward the workers, especially toward Mr. David’s daughter. Therefore, the option to fire Amber is unlikely to be considered due to the partnership with her father. It would be simply unethical to refuse her further occupation. Despite Amber being incompetent and indifferent, Mr. Garbo should not dismiss his partner’s daughter but consider training her to increase her productivity. References Martocchio, J.J., & Mondy, R.W. (2019). Human resource management: setting the stage. Pearson Education. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Security of Your Computer and Ways of Protecting Essay Introduction A computer is an electronic machine that is vulnerable to many risks. The computer ought to be protected from risks such as viruses that may affect their normal functioning. In dealing with computer security, many scientists have come up with different ways of protecting a computer from unauthorized parties. There are many technical areas of computer security but the main ones are initialized CIA. This initials stand for confidentiality, integrity and authentication. Confidentiality means that other unauthorized persons cannot access what is in the computer. Integrity is used to mean that the information in the computer cannot be hacked or changed by unauthorized persons. Authentication is used to mean that the information in the computer is only available and accessible to the authorized parties (Seong 24). The main reason for enhancing computer security is protecting it from unauthorized persons who cause destructions to the computer system hence interfering with confidential information. Another issue with computer security is privacy that is related to people who use the internet everyday and they are supposed to ensure that they protect their personal information from the websites they deal with. To ensure that these security systems are in work, some fault-tolerance methods are necessary as discussed below (Seong 83). Discussion Most of the software fault tolerance methods are advancements of the old hardware fault tolerance methods that were less effective in performance. Three software fault-tolerance methods are in use today as discussed (Bishop 45). Recovery blocks Randell developed the method in which an adjudicator is used to confirm the effects of a similar algorithm. The system using this method is broken down into small recoverable blocks that build up the entire computer security system. Each of the small blocks is connected alongside primary, secondary and tertiary case codes, which are just next to the adjudicator. According to Seong, “the adjudicator is used to show the effectiveness of the various blocks and incase the primary block fails, then it rolls backs the state of the system and tries to fix the secondary block” (76). In case of failure of a block, then it reveals that the block is not worthy for use. N-version software This method works parallel to the traditional N-version hardware. In this method, there are different models that are made up of N different implementations. Each of the variants/ models returns its results after performing any action. It is from these results that the effectiveness of the modules is determined and then the correct ones can be known. This method is more effective as it can include hardware using multiple versions of software and the results are correct (Bishop 27). Self-checking software This method is rarely used compared to the previous methods. It includes extra checks that are set at some checking points. Some rollback recovery methods are also installed in the computer security system. In self-checking, the correct codes are obtained and then used. This method is however not effective because it lacks rigor (Seong 98). Conclusion The methods used to create fault computer systems have never been 100 percent effective. They are faced with some failures and most of them are 60-90 percent effective. This means that more research needs to be done to come up with very effective and reliable methods. In addition, the methods are very expensive to execute hence the next generation must come up with cost-effective methods. Works Cited Bishop, Matt . Computer security: art and science . New York: Addison-Wesley Professional, 2003. Seong. H. Poong . Reliability and risk issues in large-scale safety-critical digital control systems . Washington, DC: Springer, 2009. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
CIO Role in Organisations Essay Describe in your option, how can information itself provide competitive advantage to an organisations? Information as a major asset of a company enables the firm to quickly adapt to the fast changing environment. This ability is called dynamic capability and appears to be an essential part of businesses’ competitive advantage. Dynamic refers to the ability of fast responding to the external and internal threats and opportunities of the business environment. Considering the variability of informational technologies, this can be an effective tool of influence on competitive advantage. The Information provides a competitive advantage to a company in different ways. First of all, information technologies enable knowledge management to collect and analyse the information and positively affect dynamic capability. Also, knowledge management urges employees to get necessary information which they are lack of. However, the information is transferred within the organization, thus not considering the external sources. The information provides the competitive advantage by enabling companies to surpass their competitors (Mitchell, 2015, p. 178). Rivals outperform can be achieved through the product or price advantage. Also, it turns the current opportunities into the new ones by improving them. Finally, it modifies the completion rules, thereby changing the business environment. However, to provide the competitive advantage, the information must be relevant, beneficial and unique. Nevertheless, information itself does not have this value. Only after profound analysis by the Chief Information Officer (CIO) is can be considered and used to benefit the company. Lastly, information provided by customers in the form of complaints and propositions significantly influences on the dynamic capability. It enables the company to adapt quickly and improve its competitive advantage. Are there any associated risks and implications? The widespread usage of informational technologies has particular risks. The ability of information to contribute to the improvement of the business structure and environment can also destroy the company. For example, the information technology, now, allows companies to changes prices regularly and quickly respond on rival’s advantage. At the same time, competitors reduce their prices thereby lowering the fair structure. Customers get profitable proposition but less involvement into the purchasing process. As a result, the interaction between the company and its consumers reduces. Another implication comes from the role of the CIO within the company. Among the major CIO’s functions, there is the responsibility for the information collection from the partners or from the external sources. CIO must allocate the potentially useful information for the product development in order to meet the customer needs. The customer indirect participation must be associated with the business process. Thus, CIO should find a way to accomplish this. In general organisations rely on information to provide competitive advantage and the role of the CIO is to support this process. Provide two contrasting example based on this argument? The role of the CIO is to establish effective internal and external interconnection within the company and outside of it and to scout the business environment. The dynamic capability of the company refers to the CIO’s ability to quickly react to the impermanence of the market. Also, CIOs are responsible for highlighting the crucial information to provide the competitive advantage. They analyse the significance of the available information and decide which one will beneficially contribute the company. Another CIO’s obligation is identifying the innovative solution and discarding the rest information that is of no value. Often they use the benchmarking approach to prioritize the information potentially beneficial to the company’s improvement. However, there is another contradictive CIO’s function as he is involved into the process of the cost reduction. From the one hand, the c-level manager must search for innovative solutions for the business development, which are, usually, of high cost. From the other hand, he is obliged to develop the procedure of cost reduction otherwise the company will not get the competitive advantage. The collaboration with third parties and colleagues gives CIO the dynamic capability. Finally, CIO is responsible for the cost minimisation which can be contradictive sometimes with the idea of the business renovation. Reference Mitchell, J 2015. Staying the course as a CIO , John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, West Sussex. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Philosophy Behind Tools of the Mind Presentation * Self-regulated learning is crucial for a child since it shapes his/her success in school and beyond. * Children, therefore, should learn much more than a set of facts and skills. * This can be made possible by helping them master a set of mental tools, known as “Tools of the Mind.” * Tools of the Mind has its origin in Lev Vygotsky, a famous Russian psychologist. * Vygotsky believed that these tools of the mind extend an individual’s mental abilities to solve problems and creatively formulate solutions in the present world. * Lev Vygotsky’s theory has been applied to education. * He argues that failure to use mental tools will result in children’s learning being largely controlled by the environment through conditioning. * Tools of the mind empower children to master and recall in a highly selective manner. * It helps in the transformation of children’s cognitive, social, physical, and emotional behaviors. * Children, with time, will operate at a higher mental state. * They are allowed to learn using the Vygotskian approach. * The approach advocates the teaching of children to acquire the tools of their culture. * The major emphasis of the theory is on helping children master the tools of their culture. * Vygotsky’s theory emphasizes the mastery of cultural tools by the children. * The theory advocates for the need of children to acquire the first “tools of the mind” through useful interactions. * The concept emphasized in the Vygotsky’s approach is the level at which a child performs an activity, either assisted or not. This is known as the Zone of Proximal Development, abbreviated ZPD. * Of much interest are the child’s skills and understandings contained within a child’s ZPD. * These could emerge only if the child engages in interactions with other children or in alternative supportive environments. Tools of the Mind as a Curriculum * It is designed to provide a strong base for preschool and kindergarten children to succeed in school and beyond. * The program enhances children’s intentional and self-regulated learning. * The child is helped by the teacher to make transition from performing with assistance to independent performance at a higher level. * The children are empowered to regulate their own social, emotional, and cognitive behaviors as well as influence those of others using mental tools as they interact. * It is the best for teaching early childhood education. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Systems of Linear Equations – Cramer’s Rule Essay Introduction Gabriel Cramer (1704-1752) is a familiar name among mathematicians. Cramer was well known for his passion for mathematics such that at his tender age when he was 18 years “he shared a position with Calandrini as the chair in the mathematics department” (Robertson 3). At this stage, Cramer took advantage of his position to travel the world, visiting great mathematicians including Euler, Johann, and Daniel Bernoulli among others. Apart from his academic prowess, he excelled as an editor. One of his popular publications was the “ Introduction à l’analyse des lignes courbes algébraique ” (Robertson 4). The contents of this book are founded on Newton’s works concerning cubic curves. As such, after introducing Newton’s works, he proceeds to simplify the understanding of these curves in the subsequent chapter. In chapter three, Cramer classifies curves concerning shapes, and it is here that he introduces his famous ‘Cramer’s Rule.’ Here, Cramer applies several arbitrary factors in an equation of the order n, to test his theory. To this end, Cramer “deduces that an equation of degree n can be made to pass through n points” (Robertson 5). To assert his point, Cramer assumes a figure, 5, for n and demonstrates how the equation can be made to cross 5 points. In his solution, Cramer formulates five linear equations and finds a solution using his theory. In this paper, the primary objective is to demonstrate Cramer’s Rule in finding solutions to the two systems given below: System 1 System 2 Method According to Cramer, the first step is to transform the linear equations into matrix form. For system 1, the linear equations take the matrix, = As such, the values for a, b, c and d can be obtained using Cramer’s Rule as per the equations below where the determinant is denoted by the letter D. But, D for this matrix is obtained by reducing it from a 4-by-4 to a 2-by-2 matrix as shown below. Similarly, the value for D a is obtained from the matrix, Where the first column is replaced by the answer matrix, , in equation (1) above. Therefore, D a = 33 Thus, a = 1 To obtain D b , the second column is replaced by This gives; Therefore, D b = 33 Thus, b= 1 To obtain D b , the third column is replaced by . This gives; Therefore, D c = 33 Thus, c = 1 To obtain D b , the fourth column is replaced by . This gives; Therefore, D d = -33 Thus, d = -1 System 2 follows a similar trend. The matrix formation of the linear equations is represented as: Similarly, the values of p, q, r, and s are obtained using equations 2 above. Therefore, D = 83 On the other hand, to obtain D p column 1 is replaced with a matrix to obtain a matrix, Thus, D p = 166 and, And, p = 166/83 = 2 To obtain D q , column 2 is replaced with matrix to obtain a matrix, Thus, D q = -166 and, And, q = -166/83 = -2 To obtain D r , column 3 is replaced with matrix to obtain a matrix, Thus, D r = 83 And, r = 83/83 =1 To obtain D s , column 4 is replaced with matrix to obtain a matrix, Thus, D s =-83 And, s= -83/83 = -1 Conclusion For system 1, the values for a, b, c, and d are 1, 1, 1, and -1 respectively. On the other hand, for system 2, the values for p, q, r, and s are 2, -2, 1, and -1 respectively. When these values are replaced in the original equations, they confirm Cramer’s Rule as authentic. Works Cited Robertson, Fredrick. Mathematicians born in the same country . Logan: Utah State UP, 2015. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
An Understanding of Substance Use Disorder Essay (Article) Introduction The given article states that to successfully treat substance abuse, we should recognize addiction as a brain disorder. The article also gives us some details on brain anatomy and states that exploring the brain’s physiology is the key factor in the clinical understanding of addiction as a disease. The studies show that addiction equally affects the brain’s survival and pleasure centers, which trigger the most primitive instincts in humans and other animals alike. Those centers are sometimes referred to as the Lizard Brain, due to it being responsible for such reactions and needs as eating, drinking, fleeing, defending oneself, etc. Evidence Used For this article, the authors relied on information from such sources as the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University (CASAColumbia), The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), Am J Psychiatry , the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and others. All of them can be identified as helpful and trustworthy data suppliers. The authors applied screening tools like Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT), the World Health Organization (WHO) Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT); and questionnaires like WHO, the CAGE, and the Drug Abuse Screen Test (DAST) to estimate the presence of an addiction. All in all, it can be said that the article had a very solid informational basis. The Target Audience This article is relevant to the situation in modern US society because, as it was stated at the beginning, 40 million people suffer from different forms of substance addiction in the United States, with about 80 million more on the verge of acquiring some sort of substance addiction. These figures look terrifying, as they reflect almost half of the population (about 48%). Substance abuse is often followed by much more serious diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and AIDS. At present, almost 20 million people in the US have cancer. There is also a constant death rate attributed to prescription drug overdose, which is growing every year (Miller 291). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, more than 165,000 people have died from prescribed drug overdoses in America from 1999 to 2014 (par. 1). Opioids, of course, always pose a special problem, as they contain dopamine – the substance responsible for developing an addiction to a drug (Johnson and North 483). This article will be helpful, both to people battling or helping others battle a substance use disorder and those who are simply interested in the topic. The Accessibility of Information The information is easy to digest, due to the structure of the article: It presents a collection of arguments, each highlighted and explained in a paragraph with a sub-headline. This division helps me as a reader to better concentrate on what I am reading because the information is offered in smaller portions, rather than in one long and seemingly endless piece of text. Three Facts I Have Learned from the Article The most interesting facts I have learned from this article are: 1. Addiction is a disease itself, not a symptom of a disease (Atkinson Smith and Hambelton 60). 2. Binding to VTA, thalamus, nucleus accumbens, brainstem, and spinal cord causes opioids to produce a pain-numbing effect (Atkinson Smith and Hambelton 59). 3. There are special tools to determine the presence or absence of a substance use disorder (Atkinson Smith and Hambelton 61). Using this Information in Clinical Practice This research might prove very useful. It will help me address substance abuse in a new way. Knowing now that it is identified as a brain disorder, I will try to apply this newfound information to similar cases I might encounter in my medical practice. Recommendation I would recommend this article to other students, because of its informative, comprehensible presentation, structure, and good examples. In addition, it lists several useful tools one can easily apply in his or her clinical practice. Improvements This article could have used some photographic comparisons, for example, one of a normal brain and a brain affected by opioids. It would have more drastically underlined the effects. What this Article Made Me Find out More about I acquired more interest in researching the work of opioids: the way they affect the brain and cause addiction. For example, this article prompted me to find out about possible ways new opioid ligands develop through dimeric interfaces. If these interfaces prove to be physiologically compatible, they might be used to develop dimerization-destabilizing compounds (Filizola and Devi 5). This, in turn, will help us to understand the role of oligomerization in the function of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) (Nature Education). Conclusion This article paints a clear picture of the problem, using academic sources and medical surveys and presenting us with the ways to solve said problem. Substance use disorder is a brain disease and should be treated as one. We can help patients by recalibrating the source of the problem – the brain’s survival and pleasure centers – to help them derive enjoyment from other simple things and control the necessity to abuse opioids. The article is accessibly written, informative, and very helpful, which makes it a good inspiration for young medical professionals. Works Cited Atkinson Smith, Mary and Scott Hambelton. “An Understanding of Substance Use Disorder.” The Clinical Advisor. (2014): 57-64. Web. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. n.d. Prescription Opioid Overdose Data . n.d. Web. Filizola, Marta and Lakshmi A. Devi. “Grand Opening of Structure-Guided Design for Novel Opioids.” Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 34.1 (2013): 6–12. Print. “GPCR.” nature.com . Nature Education. n.d. Web. Johnson, S.W. and R. A. North. “Opioids Excite Dopamine Neurons by Hyperpolarization of Local Interneurons.” The Journal of Neuroscience 12.2 (1994): 483-488. Print. Miller, William R. “Educating Psychologists About Substance Abuse.” Substance Abuse Journal 23.1 (2002): 289-303. Print. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Review on When the Broken Glass Floats by Chanrithy Him Essay Review on When the Broken Glass Floats by Chanrithy Him Autobiographical readings are numerous and when such a reading tells about some particular events as the part of someone’s life it becomes obvious that such work is a treasure. Most of the events in the history of different countries are written under the impact of the political regime which exists at the moment of writing a history. It is obvious that the regime which is running the country at the moment is trying to present its vision of the events. Therefore, when such books as When the Broken Glass Floats appear, many historians are sure that such books are great sources and they have great historical value. The opportunity to look at the events from another side is valuable even though most of the facts are provided on the basis of the recollections of a child. When the Broken Glass Floats by Chanrithy Him is an important source in understanding the events which happened under the ruling of the Khmer Rouge. The greatest value of the book should be explained via the opportunity to see the events which happened in the society through the perspective of the victim of those events. The victim was a child, however, it does not give the right for critics to ignore the feelings and thoughts of this person. Being a child, the author managed to remember everything what happened. The book is a treasure which is to be saved. One of the greatest values of the book is its truthfulness and the desire to tell the world what was happening. Additionally, this is not just the retelling of the story f life, it is a lesson, a good history lesson. Him starts writing from the poem, the one she composed herself and which tells the reasons why Him needed to compose this memoir. When broken glass floats, a nation drowns, Descending to the abyss. From mass graves in the once-gentle land, Their blood seeps into mother earth. Their suffering spirits whisper to her, “Why has this happened?” Their voice resounds in the spirit world, Shouts though the souls of survivors, Determined to connect, begging the world: Please remember us. Please speak for us. Please bring us justice. (Him 6) Therefore, it may be concluded that Him felt that her story will help to remember the events which happened in Cambodia better. People are to remember such terrible events in order not to repeat the mistakes and not to make people suffer in the same was as while the Khmer Rouge regime. The story in the book starts with the times when everything was great and there was no any hazard. Chanrithy Him starts from the days when her parents were children, how their marriage was arrange, how her father fell in love with her mother and other details which are very important for the family in Cambodia. Further, the description of life and family traditions is considered. This part is very important to understanding the Khmer Rouge regime as the description of the ordinary life of simple people helps top see the life of the whole society. Him’s family is taken as the example and it is possible to predict that the society in Cambodia was organized in the same way. This, one of the historical values discussed in the book is the description of life before political changes. The background is important in understanding the reasons how and why the Khmer Rouge regime became possible in that society. The parts where Him refers to the customs and traditions of the society helps to see the full picture. Such parts are really important as they help use the book for generalization, but not as the personal writing about one family. Explaining the phrase “the kang prawattasas, the wheel of history” Him states the following, “The wheel of time or change. The Khmer Rouge often used such terms to threaten us, to force us to follow their rules, their revolution. If we didn’t follow their rules, the wheel of history would run over us. This could mean punishment or death.” (Him14) Such pieces are really important as they help consider the source as the valuable historical piece of writing. Almost each of the chapters in the book contains the pieces of news from the contemporary of that time newspapers. Such pieces help the reader to see the situation how it was presented in the society, how it was highlighted by the journalists and how it was in reality as the further discussion continued from the first person and Him continued remembering what happened with her family. One of the epigrams is taken from the New Internationalist with the purpose to describe a concept titled “Year Zero”, “Year Zero was the dawn of an age in which, in extremis, there would be no families, no sentiment, no expression of love or grief, no medicines, no hospitals, no schools, no books, no learning, no holidays, no music: only work and death” (Him 226). This is the phrase which sums up the experience of Chanrithy Him under the reign on the Khmer Rouge regime. The book has a great value for the contemporary historians who have an opportunity to see the events of those time from different perspectives. Works Cited Him, Chanrithy. When Broken Glass Floats: Growing Up Under the Khmer Rouge . New York: W.W. Norton, 2001. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Animal Morality Debate Studies Essay Frans De Waal, a Dutch-American primatologist, researched the morality of animals using bonobos and chimpanzees. He discovered that animals have instincts to make morally right decisions (Jaroš, 2017). In times of trouble, animals fight for their fellow animals’ survival and freedom. He also found that all social animals have ways of cooperating and showing empathy. His research identified that human beings and primates are all apes, but on a different stage of evolution and civilization, with humans having superior thinking. Indeed, it is necessary to consider making ethical decisions on animals, for they deserve humane treatment. Animals live in a social environment; thus, they have adopted moral codes for survival. Human beings should strive to guarantee animals their fundamental rights to foster better cooperation and enhance the lives of animals. According to Monsó et al. (2018), De Waal asserted that animals could not express emotion because they are limited; for instance, they could convey emotions if they could speak. Essentially, humans should ensure animals have their basic rights because both animals and humans are social animals and should live interdependently in mutually benefitting ways. Animals’ basic rights are many, and they differ in nature, scope, and volume. Animals deserve good treatment in their social interaction with human beings. Indeed, humans are apes just as primates; the main difference is that humans have rationality (Monsó et al., 2018). According to Monsó & Wrage (2021), animals deserve rights that usually manifest through slight reactions such as touch. The rights include care, empathy, consolation, reconciliation, kindness, tolerance, and reciprocity. There is, however, a hierarchy in the prevalence of those rights; dogs, for example, should have more rights than mice. References Jaroš, F. (2017). Darwin, Dawkins, and de Waal-animals like persons or machines. Atheism and moral Progress , 143-168. Monsó, S., Benz-Schwarzburg, J., & Bremhorst, A. (2018). Animal morality: What it means and why it matters. The Journal of Ethics , 22 (3), 283-310. Web. Monsó, S., & Wrage, B. (2021). Tactful animals: How the study of touch can inform the animal morality debate. Philosophical Psychology , 34 (1), 1-27. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Women and in the Eyes of Religion Essay Many people view the world through the eyes of religion and let its influence shapes their understanding of the world around them. Common concepts of good and evil, virtues and vices are often understood through faith which helps individuals understand abstract concepts more accurately. This, however, can present one with a number of unexpected challenges. In the case of many ancient texts, their pages may contain certain beliefs that are harmful in today’s society. Thoughts about power structures, gender roles, and relationships between people as depicted in religious texts often cannot be held to a sufficient level of scrutiny. This makes a critical analysis of certain ideas in religion crucial, the lack of knowledge may prove detrimental to the reader. Taking the treatment of and views on women as an example, in many books their role is rather limited, holding a subservient position to a man. Similar to how Eve was created after Adam from his bone, many women in religion are not the main focus of the narrative. Roles women in religious texts play are often relegated to a few simple archetypes: the mother, the seductress, and an innocent maiden. This limited approach forms an untrue understanding of women in people, perpetuating harmful stereotypes and regressive thought. Notably, women in many religions are closely associated with the concept of “evil”. Women are oftentimes portrayed as inferior intellectually, morally, or physically, requiring the guidance and assistance of men. The Hebrew Bible, as the first example, displays misogynistic attitudes towards women on multiple occasions. One of the morning blessings used by the religion includes the phrase “Blessed art thou, O Lord our God, King of the universe, who hahasot made me a woman”, which blatantly disrespects women. In the text of the Bible itself, women are regarded to be the same slaves, encouraged to not study or learn, and generally disrespected. One of the passages is quoted as stating “Happy is he whose children are males, woe is him whose children are females”. Other Jewish religious teachings also connect women with moral depravity, dark arts, and deception. In many instances, women are treated as mere objects unworthy of respect or human interaction. In the case of the Christian faith, some problems are also apparent. The shining example of the Bible’s questionable treatment of women is its attitude towards Eve. The woman is regarded as a temptress and bringer of evil. Christian religion largely advocates for concepts of moral and physical purity, condemning the desires of the body and acts of sexual nature. Women, who are often associated with lust and sin, therefore, are treated as impure and harmful to the traditional Christian life. The new testament argues that women should be obedient to their men and sacrifice their personal autonomy. St. Paul particularly states that women should not be permitted to speak in a church setting. In Islam, expectedly, similar sentiments can be found. Women are regarded are property, standing a level below a,nd male, and best suited for housekeeping and childrearing. Many of the passages in the Koran place women in a subservient position to men, describing them to be fit for pleasing others and providing care. This assessment is not entirely harmful, but nevertheless restrictive and has been historically used to discriminate against women. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Teamwork and Teambuilding Report What is the difference, if any, between a group and a team? In what situations would using a team make work more effective, efficient, and productive? A team refers to a gathering of individuals who depend on one another to achieve specific goals and objectives. Thus, a team is characterized by a common goal and specialized individuals. On the other hand, a group refers to a gathering of people who are out to achieve their own individual goals, and there is no commonality of purpose. Hence, in a group, one individual does not depend on the efforts of others to achieve certain objectives. A team always proves to be more efficient, effective, and productive than a group in cases of handling a long term project. This happens because such a project would need team effort, the commonality of goals and objectives, as well as some aspect of specialization from every member. What is a distributed team? Describe the pros and cons of working on such a team A distributed team refers to individuals who have to achieve a common goal but work from different geographical locations during different times without being tied up to the normal conventional office space (Butterfield, 2011). The pros of a distributed team are that it is cheaper since there is no need to have an office space, work is done on a 24 hour basis due to the difference in time zones globally, there is increased diversity because the team is composed of members from different cultural backgrounds and the team is likely to have the best employees as it is not limited to recruiting from a single locality. The cons of this team are that work progress is hard to track and only depends on the honesty of team members, it is difficult to create a team culture since members are not close to one another, and there is a minimal model of communication limited that is limited to telephone calls, video conferencing and instant messages. What roles can people play on a team? The roles people can play in a team, depending on their individual strengths and weakness. There are people who can help in achieving the team goals and objectives by being the co-coordinators, while some people can be resourceful by providing ideas for the team, such people are referred to as innovators. More so, a team also needs to plan how it will achieve its objectives and thus the need for planners. Evaluators and specialists are also needed to come up with the right schedule, budget, and path to be followed by the team members. Finally, the work of a team cannot be a success without the individuals who implement the ideas and plans in order to achieve the goals; these people are known as the implementers and project finishers. What is groupthink; and what can a group do to avoid groupthink? Groupthink refers to instances when members of a group make irrational decisions that defy logic as well as common sense simply because they lack proper mental judgment. This sort of behavior is common among people who share the same background and is seen to be the root cause of mob justice. Thus, to avoid groupthink, members of a group should be from different diverse backgrounds since in this way there is an opportunity for members to reason and listen to other people’s opinions before making a decision that could have adverse effects on the society (Butterfield, 2011). What are the advantages/disadvantages associated with both small and large teams? The advantages of larger groups are that work takes less time, there is a diversity of ideas, and it is fun to work in such a group. Its disadvantages are; a long decision-making process, discrimination among team members, and rowdiness due to many individuals (Butterfield, 2011). On the other hand, small groups offer a more personal touch to members, there is less time consumed in decision making, and every member is guaranteed equal participation in the project. Its disadvantages are that skills are limited to the few members, projects take a long time, and team members may be overworked. Reference Butterfield, J. (2011). Illustrated Course Guides: Teamwork & Teambuilding-Soft Skills for a Digital Workplace . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
As for Blackwell Medical Center, this task is even more challenging since it has two lines of authority, including “the hospital line and the school of medicine line” (McAlearney, & Kovner, 2013, p. 270). The given case reflects this situation and introduces Dr. Bruce Percy, who is VP for the school of medicine operations and associate dean for operations at the medical center. He believes that the medical establishment faces some severe challenges. Thus, he should take specific efforts to facilitate a more meaningful relationship with both the chair and administrators to overcome these problems. To begin with, Dr. Percy should change his attitude toward time management. According to McAlearney and Kovner (2013), this professional spends an insignificant portion of his time on human resource activity. Such behavior is not useful because Dr. Percy lacks have enough time to establish a strong relationship with the specialists above. Thus, the recommendation for Bruce Percy is to allocate more time to communicating and cooperating with both the chair and administrators. Furthermore, Dr. Percy states that the present reporting system should be changed. He feels it wrong that none of the administrators reports to him, dealing with the chair (McAlearney, & Kovner, 2013). This fact eliminates close and timely connections between these specialists, which results in a worsened relationship. Rozgar (2019) stipulates that timely reporting is of significance when it comes to improving clinical operations. Thus, Dr. Percy should change the present reporting system to make the administrators cooperate more closely with him. If the new reporting method is implemented, Dr. Percy will have more possibilities to facilitate the relationship with these administrators. In addition to that, Bruce Percy argues that departmental administrators do not have appropriate skills that could result in the successful management of clinical operations. That is why it seems reasonable for Dr. Percy to organize specific courses and programs to improve the administrators’ skills and experience. When this step happens to work, and the administrators start gaining the required knowledge, it will inevitably contribute to a better relationship with the chair, their bosses. In this case, the chair will see that Dr. Percy’s initiative leads to positive consequences, which will create a productive working environment. Finally, Bruce Percy can introduce some changes to the administrators’ and their bosses’ roles within the organization. On the one hand, he mentions that the chair should serve as advocates. It means that these specialists should pay more attention to analyzing the actions and decisions of their subordinates. On the other hand, the departmental administrators’ primary responsibility is to perform their duties in a manner to avoid severe troubles for the medical center. Consequently, these changes should imply the revised compensation for the two groups of specialists. If Dr. Percy copes with this task, it will inevitably result in a better relationship and improved clinical operations. In conclusion, it has been mentioned that Dr. Percy should take specific measures to achieve a more productive relationship with both the administrators and their bosses. These steps refer to managing time more usefully, changing the reporting system, educating the administrators, and reconsidering the roles of both the chair and administrators. Thus, one can say that these four simple measures are sufficient to overcome the present problems and improve the clinical operations at Blackwell Medical Center. References McAlearney, A., & Kovner, A. (2013). Health services management: Cases; readings; and commentary (10th ed.). Arlington, VA: AUPHA. Rozgar, G. D. (2019). Legal aspects of health care administration (13th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Barlett Learning. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Price Gouging and its Relation to Demand and Supply Essay Price gouging is a practice when the seller raises the prices of their products higher than a reasonable level. The article “Florida lawsuits allege price gouging” describes the act of price gouging in Lakeland and West Palm Beach after the natural disaster. Hurricane Charley left thousands of people without their homes, so they had to turn to hotels for help (Phillips, 2004). Day Inn and Crossroads Motor Lodge charged the prices up since many people needed to stay somewhere. This situation can be explained through graphs A and D. While the supply of the living places decreases because of the hurricane’s destruction, the demand for them rises. Since both of the curves SHIFT, supply to the left, and demand to the right, the price increases and sets a new EQUILIBRIUM. The SHIFT on the graph occurs when there is a change in demand or supply, but not quantity demanded or quantity supplied. EQUILIBRIUM is the point where demand and supply balance each other; in other words, where they intersect on the graph. The next article presents a similar issue that also revolves around price gouging after a natural disaster. Munger (2007) describes that people have come from other cities to sell ice to people who suffered from hurricane Fran. He notes that the victims have still purchased the ice, despite recognizing the greed behind the seller’s intentions. Therefore, the people celebrated when the police came to arrest the ice sellers for violating the anti-gouging law. Graphs A and D also apply to this situation because while the supply of ice in Raleigh fell, its demand increased. This case demonstrated that the anti-gouging law helped people during the crisis; however, not everyone would agree. Mohammed (2013) describes common problems when this law is implemented: hoarding encouragement and business-boosting supplies discouragement. He suggests introducing a hybrid version of the law by “providing subsidies to retailers on essential products” (Mohammed, 2013, p. 1). Therefore, the anti-gouging law cannot be introduced without any reforms to fix the price problem. In conclusion, the anti-gouging law is not an incorrect solution to stop the seller from charging up prices; however, it should be adjusted to maximize its utility. Subsidies on the essential products would help boost stock for the entrepreneurs without taking advantage of the unfavorable situation. At the same time, the customer will suffer less from the consequences of a crisis by having their needs for the essential products satisfied. References Mohammed, R. (2013). The problem with price gouging laws . Harvard Business Review . Web. Munger, M. (2007). They clapped: Can price-gouging laws prohibit scarcity? The Library of Economics and Liberty . Web. Phillips, R. (2004). Florida lawsuits allege price gouging . CNN . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
First, is that communication is gradually becoming fundamental human right and which should be accorded to each and every individual regardless of his/her age or social standing. I have also discovered that there are many countries out there in which the right to communicate is not treated as a right, with most of the citizens being subjected to extreme blocks by the government, whenever they decide to air their dissatisfaction with how the state is conducting its affairs. Finally, I have also learnt that the more developed countries of the world can play a critical role in ensuring that this basic right is treated with the kind of respect it deserves in all countries. This can be achieved by pushing the agenda through institutions such as the United Nations and the African Unions among others and helping develop the appropriate infrastructure. How you went about designing the poster. What strategy and procedures did you use? In designing this poster, I had to make sure that the message I needed delivered got to the intended audience in full. However, I also knew that it was important to make it visually attractive, such that individuals could be compelled to look at it even without prompting. In this regard, I first had to find photographs to use in the poster. The photos I chose captured the message I wanted to highlight in the poster, in a way that the viewer could relate to the message, even without having to read the text below the picture. Using the design software Photoshop , I lay out the basic dimensions of the poster. With the background well set, I took the photographs and positioned them properly on the page. Next, I needed a title that represented the message I wanted on the poster. After trying out a number of word combinations, I settled on Let’s Help Bridge The Gap , which I found appropriate because it was short enough to reduce clutter on the poster, but also adequate enough to summarize everything the poster bore. To make the title significant, I used a substantially bigger font, and different color from what I had planned to use in the main body of the poster. Having set the picture, the title and the background in place, it was time to put in the main message. I laid out a text box, immediately below the picture, and typed in everything I wanted to reach the target audience. After a little tweaking I found out that setting the text in columns made it much easier to read that having it presented as one whole block. I therefore presented in columns. The last line of the message was set out in one straight line and in a shouting font, with its main purpose being to give the final position on the issue. Why you have designed this poster in the way that you have I chose to design the poster in this way because I already knew that the target audience comprised individuals who had a high-standing in society. These are individuals who have little time to spare in the day for things like posters. As such, I had to ensure that a high level of professionalism was presented, in a bid to get them to stop, read the message and take it home with them. My main aim was to persuade them to see things from my perspective and for this to be achieved I had to first ensure that I could grab their attention for a substantial amount of time. Upon reflection what improvements would you make in designing the poster, and also the poster itself In retrospect, I think I used a lot of words trying to get the message across. I have come to the realization that for a poster, even a message-poster, information is usually best conveyed using very few words. In this regard, the next time I tackle such a project, I will see to it that I use a limited number of words, so that I do not have to contend with losing the primary objective on account of being too wordy. I would also make sure that I make the main photograph bigger and if need be, use more thumbnail photos to reinforce the message. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Ethical Lessons of Social Sciences Essay The social sciences course is undertaken this semester contained valuable lessons on the importance of ethical conduct for the continued sustainability and growth of companies. A business cannot function without the trust of its customers, and to obtain it, a firm has to establish a positive reputation. Ethical conduct, both within the company and outside of it, is essential to this process, as it is easier to ruin the company’s standing with a scandal than to rebuild its relationships. As such, managers should work to understand the various factors that affect their employees and customers for purposes of decision-making. The establishment of an ethical organizational structure is an essential part of moral conduct. Such an environment should incorporate crucial elements such as fair pay, legal practices, cooperation, and other values. However, modern businesses have to deal with new factors due to globalization and international expansion. Cultural awareness and specific management practices associated with intercultural cooperation are among the competencies a manager should currently possess. Ferrell, Fraedrich, and Ferrell (2017) also note the importance of corporate social responsibility as a sustainability mechanism. The environment and work conditions are significant concerns for many people, and CSR practices help companies integrate into communities and improve their reputation. As humanity advances, and its circumstances change, the environments in which businesses operate change. The social sciences course helped identify current concerns and the competencies necessary for addressing them. In addition to traditional ethical values, modern managers should be capable of working with people from different cultures and organizing them. They should also be aware of corporate social responsibility practices and incorporate such initiatives into their operations. In doing so, they will be making ethical decisions and improving their company’s sustainability. Non-Financial Information Disclosure To show productive employment of ethical practices, many companies choose to disclose non-financial information. Examples include the balanced scorecard, corporate social responsibility reporting, sustainability reports, and others. While firms are not required to release such documentation by law, doing so may help them improve their performance by attracting investors and establishing a reputation for transparency. However, the compilation of this information into a readable form takes a significant amount of work, making a cost-benefit analysis potentially necessary. This essay will discuss the two sets of factors involved in the disclosure of non-financial information. The creation of the reports involved in the disclosure process puts a considerable burden on the firm’s accountants and managers. They have to learn to identify essential factors and work to discover and describe them. Furthermore, a weak report is likely to damage the company’s reputation by alienating various stakeholders. However, Haski-Leventhal (2018) lists several benefits such as improved internal auditing, stakeholder engagement, issue management, strategic information gathering, and an overall reduction in costs. The data-gathering process forces management to consider and improve parts of the process and create optimized routines, enhancing performance and helping address concerns. Most of the costs of non-financial information disclosure are upfront, requiring workers to put in additional time and effort to compile relevant data. The company also has to deal with the possibility of a bad first report, which can damage its reputation considerably. However, stakeholders will likely appreciate the transparency and give the company a chance to resolve the issues. Furthermore, the reporting will help the company identify concerns and address them in a timely fashion. It will also ultimately reduce costs by promoting the introduction of efficient data gathering practices to handle the increased workload. Reference Haski-Leventhal, D. (2018). Strategic corporate social responsibility: Tools and theories for responsible management. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. Ferrell, O.C., Fraedrich, J., & Ferrell, L. (2017). Business ethics: Ethical decision making & cases (11th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Presentation of Gospel Accounts in Gibson’s “The Passion of the Christ” Essay The depictions of Christ in modern artworks are not irregular, yet they are often not accurate in favor of dramatic effects and viewers’ interest. By taking an in-depth look into these artworks, scholars can gain an insight into how the majority sees the events described by Biblical sources. One of these movies – The Passion of the Christ by Mel Gibson – presents a challenging case due to several factors. Being one of the most controversial and one of the highest-grossing films of all time, The Passion of the Christ is a piece of art worth analyzing. This essay overviews this film, examines how the writer adapts the Gospel accounts into his work, and discusses discrepancies with the source. Mel Gibson decided to focus the entire length of his movie The Passion of the Christ, which was released in 2004, on the last day of the human life of Jesus. Gibson’s portrayal of Jesus as a human being that experiences inhumane torture is one of the key aspects of this film. Jesus Christ experiences multiple temptations that promise the avoidance of the inevitable gruesome demise, yet he refuses them stoically (Gibson, 2004). This stoicism serves as a basis of the message that the author intended to deliver with this film. Jesus experiences flashbacks that bring him back to the time when he was spreading the word of God, and they give him the strength to endure his lot (Gibson, 2004). In turn, his torments and eventual death help others to accept God’s truth and defeat the devilish figures behind this treacherous act (Gibson, 2004). The suffering of Jesus plays a crucial role in this film, which has drawn numerous negative reviews (Calvain, 2017). However, this focus has been chosen by the author due to his belief in the fact that suffering can be the key to redemption (Calvain, 2017). In The Passion of the Christ , the depiction of Jesus aims to portray him as a relatable character who endures great pain to provide salvation for others. While the events depicted in the movie have been described by all Gospels, there are differences that can help viewers to trace the origins of the film to a particular Gospel. Specifically, many images invoked by the author are linked with the Gospel of John. For example, Jesus’s flashbacks during his flogging take him back to the moment when he washed the feet of his disciples, which replaces the Last Supper in the Gospel according to John. This scene in the film bears a unique context, as Jesus distances himself from the pain inflicted on him to remember the closeness and intimacy of the Christian community that gives him endurance (Lundberg, 2009). There are scenes that point towards the presence of other Gospels as the sources for Gibson’s work, although they are less prominent than the Gospel of John. For example, the scene of Pilate, who washes his hands in a futile attempt to distance himself from the guilt of prosecuting Jesus Christ, is taken from the Gospel of Matthew (Holderness, 2014). The depiction of violence serves as an additional link to the choice of Gospels by Mel Gibson. Notably, the Gospels of Matthew and Luke do not contain any paragraph that would indicate the fact that Jesus was flogged, while John does mention this event in his account (Lundberg, 2009). While the Gospel of Mark also includes similar remarks, there are no other distinct pointers towards this source (Lundberg, 2009). The Passion of the Christ primarily follows the Gospel of John with its similarity in quotes and the depiction of events. Indeed, this film contains numerous additions by Mel Gibson based on his vision of this monumental part of human history that can change the perception of the event depicted in it. Calvain (2017) argues that “a good number of scenes in the movie constitute marginal and unbiblical ingredients visibly aimed at enriching the aesthetics of the film” (p. 5). Namely, by adding a physical manifestation of Satan, the author has shown that there are superficial powers behind the people’s decision to crucify Jesus. This depiction alone can cause a different view on the event, as the guilt of people can be transferred to the manipulator behind their actions and decisions. There are other additions made on the basis of an artistic license that further turn the film away from the Gospels, such as temptations that Jesus experiences prior to his crucifixion. Calvain (2017) concludes that “the film has mostly been branded a blasphemy” due to these scenes (p. 3). Despite these claims, the movie found its audience and, ultimately, was a success. In conclusion, The Passion of the Christ is an inspiring piece of art that had a prominent effect on the perception of Christianity across the globe. However, Gibson’s intentions did not include the ideally accurate depiction of the last day of Jesus’s life as a human. Instead, the author focuses on the hardships God’s Son went through to absolve humanity and how his suffering and death are linked with the redemption of people in the eyes of God. References Calvain, E. F. (2017). Christian films and the gospel truth: A critique of Mel Gibson’s “The Passion”, Roger Young’s “The Bible,” and Martin Scorsese’s “The last temptation of Christ”. Advances in Wireless Communications and Networks , 3 (1), 1-9. Web. Gibson, M. (Director). (2004). The passion of the Christ [Film]. Newmarket Films. Holderness, G. (2014). Re-writing Jesus: Christ in 20th-Century fiction and film . Bloomsbury Publishing. Lundberg, C. (2009). Enjoying God’s Death: The passion of the Christ and the practices of an evangelical public. Quarterly Journal of Speech , 95 (4), 387-411. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Impact of Queuing Theory on Business Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Food Truck Business 3. Fast Food Business 4. Sit-in Restaurants 5. References Introduction The question addressed in this paper is how inventory levels can be managed using the queuing theory in the three different types of food business. The queuing theory is based on the mathematical analysis of waiting line, and it can be applied to the real-world scenarios such as inventory management. The queuing theory is dependent on the probability, and it is also known as traffic theory, congestion theory, theory of mass service, and theory of stochastic service systems. The use of the stochastic theory is made in inventory management as it is a useful tool for managing inventory and deals with the probability of demand and supply while keeping the optimum level of inventory, and in our case, for the inventory of food. The distribution logistics requires determining the number of items that should be stored, and how many should be on the way to the destination/point of consumption (Rashid & Hoseini, 2015). If the inventory level is kept optimum, then it can increase efficiency and lower costs. Food Truck Business In the case of food trucks, the inventory level of food, which has to be maintained, is high to ensure that a large number of food trucks can deliver food items as per the demand. If a single truck is serving fast food, then the movement of inventory will be quick. Various factors related to the type of food and demand can be helpful for devising a mathematical model which can calculate the optimum inventory or suggest minimum inventory for a particular type of food truck business (Mishra, Yadav, & Rawat, 2015). However, the quantification of inventory is based on the data including the number of trucks, time to serve a customer, time to prepare food, and unlimited queue capacity. It could assist in determining the minimum or optimum levels of stock for each truck. Fast Food Business In the case of a fast food business, inventory has to be ready-made and in the last stage of completion for quick turnover. Moreover, the consumption rate is higher, which also means that the required inventory level is high (Oladejo, Agashua, & Tamber, 2015). On the other hand, slow-food items such as Chinese foods, e.g., shashlik with boiled rice, have long preparation time. Therefore, such fast food businesses have slow-moving inventory, and inventory levels can be from low to medium. The exact levels of inventory are difficult to quantify unless specific data is provided. Sit-in Restaurants The queuing theory is deployed to sit-in restaurants to manage their operations effectively. The queuing theory allows determining the maximum time of customers who can be served and the average value of order that can be served. It will enable restaurants to optimize their operations and fulfill customer needs in a working shift. The queuing theory can help in determining the average time of customers, who can be served in the restaurant, the time of operation, and the average cycle time of customers (Tanizakia & Shimmura, 2017). Sit-in restaurants are typically different from fast food restaurants as food orders are not served quickly because they are not “fast” food. The inventory levels are lower because of the slow rate of consumption. It could be concluded that the queuing theory deals with the waiting and congestion phenomena. In terms of queuing theory, food is a perishable item, and the time it can be stored is also very little. Therefore, it requires a rigorous analysis of the application of the queuing theory in any food business. References Mishra , S. S., Yadav, S. K., & Rawat, S. (2015). Inventory flow in supply chain with deteriorating items for customers in queue: Computation of profit optimization in fuzzy environment. American Journal of Operational Research, 5 (1), 1-8. Web. Oladejo, M. O., Agashua, N. U., & Tamber, J. A. (2015). Optimizing the queueing system of a fast food restaurant: A case study of Ostrich bakery. International Journal of Recent Development in Engineering and Technology, 4 (8), 7-15. Web. Rashid, R., & Hoseini, S. F. (2015). Application of queuing theory in production-inventory optimization. Journal of Industrial Engineering International , 485-494. Web. Tanizakia, T., & Shimmura, T. (2017). Modeling and analysis method of restaurant service process. Procedia CIRP, 62 , 84-89. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Parents’ Depression and Toddler Behaviors Essay Table of Contents 1. Article summary and statistical concepts 2. The rationale for the identified statistical concept 3. Statistical relevance to counseling research and evaluation 4. Ethical, legal, and socio-cultural considerations 5. References Article summary and statistical concepts The article “Longitudinal Contribution of Maternal and Paternal Depression to Toddler Behaviors: Interparental Conflict and Later Depression as Mediators” by Sheehan, Rebecca, Michael, Robin, and Stuart tested the effects of paternal depression on toddler behaviors. Previous research suggested that infant behavior is influenced by parental habits and social integration. As a result, the researchers tested the longitudinal effects of parental depression on child behavior (Fisher, Brock, O’Hara, Kopelman, & Stuart, 2015). Results for previous literature revealed that maternal depression influenced toddlerhood. Thus, the authors analyzed the significance of paternal depression and conflicts using statistical methods. The sample population was collected from a cohort group. As a result, one hundred and ninety-nine couples were selected for the experiment. Couples must have similar characteristics to belong to a cohort group. Consequently, the researchers coded the sample variables to reflect the inclusion criteria. The statistical methods used for the evaluation include mean values, sum scores, standard deviation, frequency distribution, and t-scores. The rationale for the identified statistical concept The statistical concepts used in the article include population, samples, variables, statistical populations, proportions, averages, frequencies, variances, and percentiles. The statistical sample describes the elements, variables, or participants in the experiment. The population describes samples used for the research. The aim of a research study determines the population members for the experiment. Consequently, sample variability describes the difference between the population sizes. Sampling concepts include random sampling, systematic random sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling. Statistical relevance to counseling research and evaluation An attempt to identify a single value from a sample population is called measures of central tendency. Program evaluation and counseling research analysts use the technique to describe the central location of different variables. The measures of central tendency include the mean, median, mode, and skewed distributions. Thus, measures of central tendency can compare, predict, estimate, and analyze sample variables. Systematic approaches used in the article include questionnaires, interviews, follow-up studies, and stratified sampling. The rationale for statistical methods was based on the needs assessment. Thus, the sample population was identified, collected, and analyzed. Psychologists use statistical methods for counseling research and program evaluation. As a result, the appropriateness of each method depends on the test, plan, design, and evaluation procedure. The article “Longitudinal Contribution of Maternal and Paternal Depression to Toddler Behaviors: Interparental Conflict and Later Depression as Mediators” were evaluated using different statistical concepts. Evaluation procedures used in counseling research include identification of goals to be assessed, development of an evaluation plan, application of the evaluation plan, and utilization of the findings (Gordon, 2010). Consequently, evaluation methods include “before and after” method, comparison method, and “How do we stand” method. Evaluation techniques used in the article include questionnaires, interviews, and observations. Ethical, legal, and socio-cultural considerations Ethical considerations relevant to the statistical analysis and interpretations improve the quality of counseling case studies (Sheperis, Young, & Daniels, 2009). Conflict of interest can be avoided when these considerations are applied in each study. Ethical misconduct includes data fabrication, data falsification, and data stealing. Thus, ethical guidelines for statistical analysis include professionalism, responsibilities to research subjects, and statistical practitioners. Legal considerations must avoid conflict of interest, research termination, and court injunctions. Consequently, the responses of each participant must be confidential. As a result, research data cannot be sold or used for personal gains. The research participant must not be subjected to hard conditions during the research experiment. Consequently, participants must sign the consent form before the experiment. However, the research subject can end the experiment without notice for personal reasons. Social considerations include openness, honesty, objectivity, carefulness, respect for intellectual property, confidentiality, responsible analysis, competence, social responsibility, non-discrimination, respect for colleagues, and research subjects. References Fisher, S. D., Brock, R. L., O’Hara, M. W., Kopelman, R., & Stuart, S. (2015). Longitudinal contribution of maternal and paternal depression to toddler behaviors: interparental conflict and later depression as mediators. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 1 (1), 1-14. Gordon, W. (2010). Guidance and counseling program development. Web. Sheperis, C., Young, S., & Daniels, H. (2009). Counseling research: quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods . USA: New York: Pearson Press. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Public Relations Strategy and Campaigns Essay A Public Relations (PR) strategy is a guideline that highlights how an organization deals with the public (Gregory & Willis 136). The main aim of the strategy is to build a viable relationship between a company and its target audience. Previously, PR was only used as a crisis communication tool. However, currently, PR is used throughout a product or project’s lifecycle to ensure that the public has a positive image of the product/project. PR has become a useful tool in marketing as well. Public Relations strategies often include Public Relations tactics. According to Smith, PR tactics are the tools used to execute a PR strategy (14). Thus, one can argue that these tactics are a component of the PR strategy. Several examples can be given to explain the difference between a PR strategy and a PR tactic. The Coca-Cola “Taste the Feeling” PR strategy highlighted how soda would be marketed during a defined period (Sarmistha 262). The main goal of the strategy was to increase the sales of soda globally. A second example is that of Dior, a luxury accessories and clothing company. The company’s PR strategy is a combination of demographic, psychographic and behavioural segmentation plans that affect their target audience (Donzé & Fujioka 19). Thirdly, the telecommunication giants, Vodafone, recently announced a new strategy that affects how marketers in their different countries of interest present their brand to the public (Curwen & Whalley 210). The primary goal of the strategy is to use technology and digital services to promote quality of life of communities. Last but not least is the example of Google which uses an integrated approach to PR. The primary goal of their current campaign is to combine technology and creative approaches to enhance user experience (Luttrell & Capizzo 12). The different PR strategies mentioned use different PR tools as well. For example, Coca-Cola uses personalized bottles to implement the “Taste the Feeling” strategy. Buyers can pick out soda bottles that have their friends’ or loved ones’ names and share it with them. Secondly, Dior uses a media tactic to enhance its sales. The media tactic includes making advertisements using highly respected and adored personalities using the company’s products. The adverts are then pushed through the media channels. Thirdly, Vodafone uses the corporate social responsibility tactic. The tactic allows for engagement with communities of interest by re-investing some of the company’s profits in social work (Curwen & Whalley 210). Fourthly, Google uses a digital media tactic to connect with its target audience. One of the prominent PR campaigns this year was Times up Now Campaign. The strategy aimed to highlight gender inequality in the workplace. Several tactics were used to make the campaign a success. For starters, the strategy used female personalities in Hollywood to drive their agenda. Whereas much attention was on gender inequalities in Hollywood, women from all over the world participated in the campaign. Secondly, the strategy also used the media tactic. Times Up Now was tied to the Golden Globes, which is one of the most televised shows in the world. All the women that supported the campaign wore black to the event. In turn, the people who look up to these women also joined the campaign, including political figures. By default, other tactics were used to make the campaign a success including social media, and riding on the PR of other interested and highly influential organizations that also supported the cause. Works Cited Curwen, Peter and Jason Whalley. Telecommunications Strategy: Cases, Theory and Applications . Routledge, 2014. Donzé, Pierre-Yves and Rika Fujioka. Global Luxury: Organizational Change and Emerging Markets since the 1970s. Springer, 2017. Gregory, Anne and Paul Willis. Strategic Public Relations Leadership . Routledge, 2013. Luttrell, M. Regina and Luke, W. Capizzo. Public Relations Campaigns: An Integrated Approach. SAGE, 2018 Sarmistha, Sarma. Global Observations of the Influence of Culture on Consumer Buying Behavior. IGA Global, 2017. Smith, D. Ronald. Strategic Planning for Public Relations . Taylor & Francis, 2017. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Disabled People and US Legislation History Essay People living with disabilities have gone through a number of challenges in the United States since the first legislation protecting them was crafted in 1916. However, the legislation was only meant for soldiers who were injured in the war. The legislation was referred to as the National Defense Act, which permitted the soldiers to be integrated in the society. Those with injuries would be provided with necessary support to enable them live a normal life. Before the legislation, soldiers were subjected to psychological trauma since no one cared for them even after fighting for their country. The 1916 legislation was milestone in the lives of people living with disabilities. In 1917, The Smith Hughes Act was introduced, which came up with a Federal-State Program. The program would provide essential services to those interested in understanding vocational training. The program targeted the veterans, who were languishing in great poverty after serving their nation with diligence. In 1918, another legislation referred to as The Smith-Sears Veterans Rehabilitation Act was crafted mainly to expand the services offered to the retirees. The major legislation was passed in 1920 when The Smith-Fess Act was passed. The bill was referred to as The Civilian Rehabilitation Act because it was meant for the common citizen. The law allowed each disabled citizen to undertake a vocational course, training, and placement in the public and private sector. However, the law catered only for the physically challenged individuals. Those with social problems were not included in the program. In 1936, a major legislation was passed, which aimed at catering for the needs of the blind and other disabled groups. The law provided that the state had the responsibility of providing vocational training to those with potentials, irrespective of their nature of disability (Pruitt, 2007). The 1936 influenced the lives of people with disabilities in a number of ways. First, it encouraged them to seek for more attention from the government. It gave them an advantage in fighting for their constitutional rights. Secondly, it empowered people with disabilities because quite a number of them were able to seek for employment after receiving vocational training. In other words, the legislations passed before 1973 helped people with disabilities in coming up with strategies that would improve their standards of living. Rehabilitation Act of 1973 In 1973, an important legislation was passed in the history of America because the disabled persons could no longer be left out in process of nation building. The act ensured that people with disabilities were not discriminated based on their nature of disability. The law eliminated barriers that prevented the disabled in society from achieving their career goals. For instance, it did way with architectural, employment and transportation barriers. Importantly, the law came up with affirmative action to ensure that the disabled are involved in governmental decision making. In particular, Section 504 was critical to the lives of people with disabilities (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2001). The section prohibited discriminations that were based on physical and psychological handicaps. The section ensured that all states received funds to cater for the disabled, irrespective of race, gender, age and religion. Moreover, the section provided that the federal and state facilities would offer critical information to clients through the Assistance Demonstration Projects. Individuals with major problems were given priority. This legislation had a great impact to the lives of disabled people because it encouraged them to engage in socio-economic development. References Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2001). Gender Differences in Depression. Current Directions in Psychological Science , 10(5), 173-176 Pruitt, I.T. (2007). Family Treatment Approaches for Depression in Adolescent Males. The American Journal of Family Therapy , 35, 69-81. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
It is directed by Josh Fox, who never revealed when he started carrying out the investigation, and it is only discovered that the film is indeed utterly shocking. The film places a lot of focus on the communities in the USA that have been affected by drilling of natural gas and the stimulations of hydraulic fracturing. The movie is an expose on the communities that are affected by the mining, and it is also a critique of the political and corporate pressures that result in the destruction of natural resources. The impact of the technique of mining is indeed less frightening when compared to the political will that pushes things towards similar direction. The film is a balance of storytelling, facts and human interest pieces. GasLand is considered to be the most engrossing and compelling documentary because it captures best what United States of America is susceptible to. The film may not be perfect, but it is real though not everything that is captured by the film is accurate but only a representation of a well crafted point of view. Fox examines the ever increasing American appetite for energy, which motivates the gas drilling (Fox 1). Critique of the Film The film has been critiqued as presenting a selective and distorted view of gas drilling and the energy choices faced by America today. This is because it represents the gas industry as unsafe and a never ending environmental nightmare without any benefits. The film comes out as an efficient tool to arouse the public to close the natural gas industry. An example is when it wrongly presents the budget of the Department of Environmental Protection in Pennsylvania that hundreds of the citizens lost their jobs when the budget was reduced by 25 percent. This was a wrong argument because it insinuates that the natural gas industry is unregulated. There is no talk about in the GasLand documentary of the boost in the drilling cost or on the increase in the staff working regulating the sector. The GasLand does not even introduce the four regulatory packages that were introduced in the gas industry and it does not even mention any of the regularly development that has been initiated in the drilling industry. GasLand does not discuss the alternative to the natural gas but it is quick in criticizing it. GasLand does not tell the viewers that natural gas does not contain mercury or that it produces less soot. The USA does not operate on clean fuels today but only operates on coal and oil. It should be mentioned that natural gas is cleaner when compared to the two and it can replace heating, transportation and electricity generation. The director of the film Josh Fox serves as the voice of the people who have been negatively affected by the drilling and mining process, which is noble duty. This documentary creates the picture which shows the lobbyists in the energy sector appear scrupulous because of the way the document covered them indiscriminately. Josh has done a perfect job by reminding the American government and the people of how good and fragile natural resources are. Works Cited Fox, Josh. GasLand Trailer . New York: New Video Group, 2010. Film. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Healthcare Information needs at Presbyterian Hospital Essay Introduction The study aimed at establishing the informational challenges and needs of physicians and nurses at Presbyterian Hospital. They used focused group discussions to flash out the necessary data needed to explain their findings. The study established numerous information needs that applied to both healthcare professionals. The study established three different categories of information needs. They included source format, source characteristics, and customized content (McKnight, Stetson, Bakken, Curran, & Cimino, 2002). Similar information needs of physicians and nurses at Presbyterian Hospital Focused discussions established that both physicians and nurses experienced difficulties in identifying and coordinating with other providers of healthcare. Physicians and nurses showed that their frustrations in respect of this need arose from inefficient paging systems that were in place at the time of the study. Both groups expressed the need for efficient access to accurate and updated information. In addition, lack of system knowledge was a similar concern raised by physicians and nurses at the Presbyterian Hospital (McKnight et al., 2002). The results of the study indicate the need for improved access to inpatient and outpatient health and consultation reports, improved drug-drug, medication lists. The examination of the healthcare professionals showed that both mentioned the need for interaction alerts, and improved recording of order and health status of patients (McKnight et al., 2002). Differences in information needs Physicians expressed a different need for information availability from that of the nurses. The study suggests that physicians had the need for on-line or, hand-held devices to enable them access healthcare materials. On the other hand, nurses suggested the need for Web-based communication. Additionally, physicians expressed the need for system applications to help them access relevant materials. Contrary to physicians’ informational needs, nurses emphasized the need for Web-based materials because since it was extremely challenging for some of health workers to access such information using system applications (McKnight et al., 2002). Physicians laid emphasis on source characteristics in general that included peer review and validation while nurses focused on source type such as care plan, protocols, and policy-oriented information. Systems and methods of communication for sharing and communicating the information and knowledge Although both physicians and nurses held some common needs for information, clearly, they host varied needs that can help them in obtaining clinically relevant information. In response to the common needs for communication and coordination among healthcare professionals (physicians and nurses), the creation of a common “virtual whiteboard” would be appropriate to facilitate the communication process for effective addressing of low-priority clinical tasks (McKnight et al., 2002). The difficulties experienced by nursing professionals in using medical application systems and devices suggest that Web-based communication would be preferable (Liu & Lemaire, 2005). On the other hand, the need for accurate and updated materials as proposed by physicians confirms the need to develop clinical systems devices and hand-held tools or devices to help them obtain relevant clinical information for effective delivery of healthcare services. Communication among physicians would be boosted by designing and implementing appropriate wireless hand-held devices (Mendonca, Chen, Stetson, McKnight, Lei, & Cimino, 2004). To address challenges of accessing information at the point of care, professionals may use clinical and information resources that deliver information in real time. On the other hand, the need for efficient information about order status requires the development of event monitoring programs that can help to point at record trends and order statuses (Mendonca, Chen, Stetson, McKnight, Lei, & Cimino, 2004). To help meet the coordination needs of both healthcare professionals, the Presbyterian Hospital or any other institution may introduce data conferencing as a method of sharing healthcare information by uploading multimedia files (Liu & Lemaire, 2005). Such a tool may include Microsoft NetMeeting, which can be used for application among healthcare professionals (Liu & Lemaire, 2005). References Liu, G., & Lemaire, E. (2005). Data conferencing in health care. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 11: 339-346. McKnight, K. L., Stetson, P. D., Bakken, S., Curran, C., & Cimino, J. J. (2002). Perceived Information Needs and Communication Difficulties of Inpatient Physicians and Nurses. Journal of American Medical Information Association , 6(1): 64-69 Mendonca, E. A., Chen E. S., Stetson, P. D., McKnight, L. K., Lei, J., & Cimino, J. J. (2004). Approach to mobile information and communication for healthcare. International Journal of Medical Information , 73: 631-8. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Two different views on this issue are expressed by Richard Taylor and Susan Wolf. According to Richard Taylor, a person can subjectively determine whether his/her life is meaningful. In this case, perceived enjoyment and satisfaction can be the main criteria that an individual should consider. In contrast, Susan Wolf disagrees with this statement and calls for a more objective interpretation of meaningfulness. So, it is necessary to compare and evaluate these approaches. Richard Taylor believes that a certain activity can be called meaningful if a person finds it satisfying or engaging. Additionally, an individual should focus on his/her subjective experiences in order to evaluate the quality of his/her life. In order to illustrate this argument, the author refers to the famous myth of Sisyphus, who perpetually rolls a stone up the hill. To a great extent, this myth symbolizes meaningless and endless labor, which does not bring any results. However, this interpretation can change dramatically if one assumes that Sisyphus finds this activity satisfying or desirable in any way (Taylor 323). Additionally, the author urges the readers to remember that in many cases, people’s lives can be compared to the labor of Sisyphus. For example, one can speak about people who designed and constructed ancient temples or palaces that eventually turned into ruins (Taylor 332). It is rather difficult to suppose that they perceived their lives as something meaningless. More likely, they assumed that they created paragons of beauty, and the meaningfulness of their actions could hardly be questioned. In this way, the author wants to show that the source of meaning lies within the individual perception of a person. These are the main details that can be distinguished. In turn, Susan Wolf adopts a different approach to this question. According to her, a person’s life can be called meaningful if he/she actively and successfully engages in projects that promote “positive values” (Wolf 8). In this context, the word “project” can be described as any goal-directed behavior (Wolf 8). In turn, the word “positive” implies that a certain value is recognized and accepted by other people (Wolf 10). In other words, the activities of a person should bring certain benefits to other people. Therefore, unlike Richard Taylor, Susan Wolf believes that one should look for a more objective evaluation of a person’s life. Additionally, according to her interpretation, meaningfulness does not necessarily imply that an individual is happy. Moreover, in many cases, his/her actions can be questioned from an ethical viewpoint. These are the main elements of her approach. Overall, I tend to support Richard Taylor’s views on this issue. In my opinion, the meaningfulness of a person’s life should be based on subjective interpretation. At first, it is important to mention that in many cases, a person can suffer from frustration and depression provided that his/her behavior does not reach the accepted standards of success. This is one of the problems that originate from Susan Wolf’s approach. Admittedly, people should be engaged in activities that promote the welfare of other individuals. In this way, a person can make his/her life much more fulfilling. Nevertheless, it is not permissible to set the standards of meaningfulness. The approach developed by Susan Wolf is based on the premise that a person can accurately estimate the effects of his/her actions. This task is critical for determining if a certain activity promotes positive values. However, sometimes, a person cannot easily do it. Furthermore, other people may fail to appreciate the value of a person’s work. For example, the attempts to develop non-Euclidian geometry were deemed to be useless at the least at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Furthermore, mathematicians engaged in such activities were often regarded as insane because very few people could see the implications of their work (Restivo 103). If they tried to follow the line of reasoning proposed by Susan Wolf, they would have come to the conclusion that their life and work had been meaningless. However, later, it turned out that hyperbolic geometry could benefit various areas of science, especially physics. Apart from that, the approach adopted by Susan Wolf does not include such a notion as happiness, which seems to be critical for the meaningfulness of any life. This is another reason why Richard Taylor’s interpretation seems to be more plausible. Finally, such a notion as success is often subjective, and it is difficult to measure it. On the whole, this discussion shows that there are different approaches to the questions about the meaning of life. It is more appropriate to consider the subjective interpretation of this issue because this approach helps a person discover happiness. Admittedly, other people may not agree with this subjective assessment. However, this evaluation has to be accepted if a person’s activities do not adversely affect the lives of other individuals. In contrast, Susan Wolf’s approach implies that there are certain objective standards. However, there are many cases when these standards are not applicable. These are the main aspects that can be singled out. Works Cited Restivo, Sal. Red, Black, and Objective: Science, Sociology, and Anarchism , New York: Ashgate Publishin, 2011. Print. Taylor, Richard. Good and Evil , New York: Prometheus Books, 2000. Print. Wolf, Susan. “The Meaning of Lives.” Philosophy UMass . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Before the onset of this conflict, the Iranian Revolution of 1979 led to the fall of Shah’s regime. This outcome led to the establishment of the new Islamic Republic of Iran. This new leadership was characterized by new ideas and ideologies. Saddam Hussein became the president after his Iraqi forces invaded Iran. The unresolved issues arising from the Algeria treaty of 1975 were attributable to such challenges. Some of the driving forces towards this invasion included the political challenges Saddam Hussein faced, the existing power vacuum in the Islamic Republic, and Saddam’s hegemonic ambitions. Saddam wanted to portray the image of a protector of Iraq and its people. He also wanted to deliver a quick victory by fighting Iran and consolidating his power. The fact that Iran had a power vacuum made it an easy target. He believed that Iraq would record victory within 2-3 weeks. The move would maximize his potential and occupy the oil rich regions of Iran, such as Shatt al-Arab River. He nicknamed this new war “Saddam’s Qadisiyya”. Three phases defined the Iran-Iraq War. The first one was characterized by the rapid success and victory in the South-Western parts of Iran. The second phase occurred when Iran launched a counterattack and recaptured most of the regions under Saddam’s control. Between 1982 and 1988, the war was in the third phase whereby no side was able to record decisive victory. Consequently, Iran solidified its army and eventually became stronger. It relied on “human waves attack” to achieve positive gains. This war increased Iraq’s debt to tens of billions, and claimed thousands of lives. Additionally, the region experienced an unprecedented economic and social crisis. Second Gulf War After failing to achieve his goals in Iran, Saddam’s troops chose to invade Kuwait. Within a week, the Iraqi army announced Kuwait as its 19th province. The ruling family in Kuwaiti chose to move to Saudi Arabia. Saddam wanted Kuwait to pay around 10 billion US dollars and cancel the accrued debt during the First Gulf War. Peaceful resolutions efforts failed to deliver timely results. The US government chose to intervene by leading an international coalition to support Kuwait. This move gave birth to Operation Desert Storm. The first stage of this project entailed aerial bombardment of Iraqi troops in both Iraq and Kuwait. The second stage, which lasted one hundred hours, compelled Iraq to accept the formulated UN resolutions. The two nations agreed to a ceasefire on 28th February, 1991. This conflict redefined the nature of national relationships. The region experienced internal discord and focused on international support and aid. This war led to additional challenges and transformations that would redefine the region’s history forever. For instance, the Arab World witnessed additional roles of states that were non-Arab, including Israel and Turkey. The US also expanded its influence in the region. The war also compelled most of the countries to focus on Islamic fundamentalism. This new trend led to additional manifestations, such as reformism and internationalism. These forces led to the establishment of Al-Qaeda, a terror group led by Osama bin Laden. The impacts and issues surrounding the First Gulf War and Second World War reshaped the future of global terrorism. surrounding the First Gulf War and Second World War reshaped the future of global terrorism. Consequently, September 11 would challenge the United States’ military power, homeland security, and economic power. These developments would set the stage for the U.S. War on Terror. Third Gulf War After 9/11, the United States informed the international community that Iran, Iraq, and North Korea were the centers of evil. The American leaders believed that there was a need for all countries to join hands if they were to overcome the challenge of global terror. In October 2001, the US invaded Afghanistan with the aim of overthrowing the Taliban regime. This decision was the first step towards addressing the problem of global terrorism. The US presented several justifications to support such a move. First, the leaders in the US believed that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction. Second, there was a strong link between Al-Qaeda and Saddam’s government. Third, there was a need to liberate the people of Iraq from Saddam’s dictatorship. Some sceptics have indicated that the occupation of this Arab country was primarily intended for its oil reserves. However, the Bush administration gave convincing reports that indicated that oil was intended to play any role in the invasion of Iraq. According to those in leadership positions, the primary aim was to get rid of Saddam’s regime and put an end to global terrorism. Within the eight years of invasion, the U.S. managed to overthrow Saddam’s regime and destroy Iraqi state agencies and institutions. Unfortunately, the events forced many Iraqis to become refugees or be internally displaced in their own nation. Iran gained a new opportunity to expand its influence and role in Iraq. The level of security declined significantly during the period. Sectarian violence also increased between Sunnis and Shiites. The ongoing conflict also expanded the number of Al-Qaeda members in Iraq and across the region. Some of these developments explain why the Third Gulf War still remains one of the most controversial and contentious conflicts in the world today. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
In the “Was the Salem Witchcraft Hysteria a Product of Women’s Search for Power?” Kyle Koehler and Laurie Winn Carlson present the “pro” and “cons” arguments for this claim. This paper will summarise Koehler’s and Winn Carlson’s opinions and give a personal reflection on the topic of Salem Witchcraft. Kyle Koehler provides arguments supporting this idea and points out the problems of the Patriarchal society. At that time, the Salem citizens lived in a Puritan society with strict regulations and gender roles (Madaras & SoRelle, 2013). Koehler’s idea is that females who accused other women of being witches were unconsciously trying to escape their subordinate position. Therefore, this author points to the implicit societal problems and gender roles, affected by the religious tradition of the Puritans, as the leading cause of the witch-hunt. On the other hand, Laurie Winn Carlson presents the “cons” arguments. The author argues that the events in Salem were caused by encephalitis epidemics, which were unrecognized at that time (Madaras & SoRelle, 2013). As a result, the issue is not merely the gender roles and the fight for power but the fear of the Salem’s inhabitants and their desire to find an explanation for the symptoms. Thus, Winn Carlson argues that the people in Salem merely responded to an outbreak of a disease they did not recognize. For me, the argument by both authors seems to be valid and add supplement each other. According to Madaras and SoRelle (2013), the witch-hunt in Salem began after several young girls began “to display the hysterical symptoms of the possessed” (p. 73). These symptoms were either faked by these girls or caused by a disease, and Salem’s case may be an example of an encephalitis outbreak. However, the strong negative attitudes towards women and accusations of them practicing witchcraft cannot solely assume that they somehow caused the symptoms. The idea expressed by Koehler about the strong negative attitudes towards women and the subconscious fight for power can explain why the disease symptoms were perceived as witchcraft. The issues of gender, class and social or religious tensions are the root causes of the witch-hunt and murders that happened in Salem, following Koehler’s theory. Koehler supports this by arguing that the majority of the accused were either women or men related to the indicted females. The women were advocating against the established gender roles in the Puritan society, which can be perceived as a motive for accusing them. They disrupted the usual life course of this religious, social group (cited in Madaras & SoRelle, 2013). Therefore, Koehler’s theory supplements the idea that events in Salem were a response to a disease outbreak due to implicit biases of the religious society. Koehler’s argument is more convincing because it accounts for the unexplained desire of women to accuse other females of witchcraft, which could lead to the death of the latter. Overall, this paper examines the two opposing views that supplement one another in explaining the events that happened in Salem, which are either a result of a fight for power or an unrecognized outbreak of a disease. Koehler’s idea helps understand why women in a subordinate position accused others of being witches. Reference Madaras, L. & SoRelle, S. M. (Eds.). (2013). Taking sides (15th ed.). McGraw-Hill. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Propaganda Techniques in the Vitaminwater Advertisement Essay How many people buy products just because of persuasive advertisement on TV? How does the advertisement encourage the audience to buy their products even though people do not know whether displayed items actually work or not? According to the research, almost 90% of advertisements whether on TV or printed apply two or more propaganda techniques. Propaganda is a very persuasive effort to direct or change people’s ideas, in order to make a certain view or side that propaganda provides. There are seven beneficial techniques such as name calling, glittering generalities, transfer, testimonial, plain folks, card stacking, and band wagon, which are used in every advertisement. Many people prefer to drink the Vitaminwater instead of taking vitamin capsules because they have seen a very successful advertisement. The Vitaminwater’s facebook flavorcreator advertisement promotes the product by using three specialized propaganda techniques. The Vitaminwater advertisement uses the name calling technique. This technique implies that instead of focusing on how good the products are, the advertisement shows the awful effects that one faces in case he/she consumes another good (particularly, a substitute competitor: a good that satisfies the same needs as the given good). This technique is often used in politics and a bit more seldom in advertising. In many cases, it is quite difficult to compromise one product in another product’s advertisement, as this technique is illegal. However, an advertisement can address an “anonymous” enemy. The advertisement of the Vitaminwater is this very case: the drink’s “enemy” is traditional vitamins taken with water. The advertisement does not mention any concrete names of vitamins, but addresses them all. The advertisement illustrates how difficult and unpleasant it is to take vitamins. The effect is strengthened with the play on colors: while we see a girl taking vitamins in black and white, the Vitaminwater is shown in bright attractive colors. Furthermore, the Vitaminwater advertisement uses the testimonial technique. In order to persuade the audience to believe and to choose the items, companies invite experts in related fields or irrelevant famous stars in the advertisements. No doubt, this technique has the very old roots: when Aristotle was writing his Rhetoric (by the way, the focus of rhetoric is making a speech persuasive, which is incredibly important for advertising), he could not imagine that his notion of ethos (the appeal in one’s speech that emphasizes a speaker’s authority, power and competence) will be used by advertisers in the 21st century. To use the testimonial technique successfully, it is important to choose a “right person” to appear in an advertisement. For example, if we promote cosmetics, it is reasonable to invite a beautiful female singer or actress who is popular with girls or women included into the target segment. If we talk about a medicament or a health care product, the personage of a doctor in a white smock will be appropriate. In the advertisement of the Vitaminwater, the celebrity is chosen very successfully: Steve Nash is a famous professional basketball player. In consumers’ mind, his image associates with strength and energy, which makes them think that drinking the Vitaminwater will help them to become as strong as Steve. Besides, we see Curtis “50 cent” Jackson: he is popular with many young people, and his image is supposed to encourage young consumers to buy the product. Moreover, the commercial chooses the glittering generalities technique to recommend the product. Applying this technique implies that an advertisement uses strong, attractive words and phrases to show how good a product is in order to attract the audience’s attention. In many cases, the words have broad meaning and are interpreted by different people in different ways: for example, such words as “freedom”, “pleasure” arouse different associations in different people’s minds. The words “effective”, “healthy” innovative et al are also supposed to work well in advertisements. In the advertisement of the Vitaminwater, we hear strong, persuasive phrases: for example, “changed the game”, “futuristic” – these words present the product as a real breakthrough: it is innovative and has no analogs; “stress” – the advertisement shows that getting vitamins in a different way is quite exhausting; “as easy as 1, 2, 3” – it is incredibly easy to purchase the product. Besides, Steve emphasizes the words “you”, “your own vitamin water”, which also has its effect: a consumer feels that the advertisement addresses him/her personally, and he/she becomes psychologically closer to the product. At the same time, the strong words are emphasized with the intonation (Steve’s speech is very bright and expressive) and the pictures (the words are displayed in bright colors). Thus, the Vitaminwater advertisement takes advantage of three propaganda techniques, which persuades the audience to believe and to purchase the product . The name calling technique is aimed at “eliminating” the product’s competitors: it positions the Vitaminwater as the most convenient and innovative way to take vitamins. The testimonial technique helps to make the advertisement more persuasive: the words of celebrities are expected to interest and convince consumers. The glittering generalities technique helps to emphasize the message of the advertisement and influence consumers’ minds with the help of bright words. Three techniques are fused successfully and supplement each other. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Effect of Technology in Networking Research Paper Technology is the next big thing in networking both as a subject and in the actual applications in the field. Independently, networking focuses on the transmission and circulation of data between information systems. The adoption of technology in this particular domain extends boosts the standards of the transmission and circulation of data. The following are the reasons why technology needs to be studied and applied in networking. The first reason why technology should be learned and applied in networking is to develop fast and reliable communication systems. This can be achieved through the development of technologies such as 5G networks which allow multiple devices to be connected at the same time and enable network slicing (Cheng et al, 2018). This is instrumental in the sophistication of business models in terms of their capacity to connect with customers worldwide. Second, the learning and application of technology in networking will bridge the gap between the physically challenged and networking systems. Computer systems usually function based on information that they are fed through input devices. This is quite a challenge for the physically challenged who are unable to key in data physically. However, technologies such as the neural link will enable physically disabled individuals to operate computer systems using their brains (Rodgers, 2020). This will broaden the borders for the adoption of networking in communication. Lastly, technology in networking will revolutionize businesses and organizations through edge computing. Edge computing primarily focuses on optimizing the collection and processing of consumer data. This is key in businesses and organizations since it reduces traffic loads and eliminates latency for speedy data analysis (Ouyang, 2020). Consequently, this would improve the performance of any given business or organization in terms of connecting with consumers and potential consumers. In conclusion, technology can significantly revolutionize the working mechanisms of networking both in theory and in applications. This is through the use of technologies such as the 5G network, the neural link, and edge computing. These technologies boost the efficiency of the transmission and circulation of data. They can also be used to bridge the gap between computer systems and the physically challenged as well as boost the performance of businesses and organizations. References Cheng, X., Zhang, R., & Yang, L. (2018). 5G-enabled vehicular communications and networking. Springer. Ouyang, C. (2020). What is edge computing and how can it help my business? IBM. Web. Rodgers, A. (2020). Neuralink is impressive tech, wrapped in musk hype . Wired. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
According to its author, William James and Carl Lange, emotion is a direct consequence of the physiological reaction to the external stimulus. This suggestion contradicted the widely held belief that emotion was the cause of the physiological feedback (Hunt, 2007). In other words, according to James-Lange theory, an individual interprets an increased heart rate as a reason to feel aroused, rather than becoming agitated first and sending the command to the heart to speed up later. The theory was met with severe criticism at the time of its introduction in the early twentieth century. The first weak point was the centers responsible for emotion suggested by James that were demonstrated to be false by the experiments. Besides, the opponents of the theory pointed to the fact that many emotional states shared a range of similar physiological conditions, such as sweating, increased heartbeat, and adrenaline discharge. Thus, the emotion could not be determined properly when it relied solely on the physiological response (Andrewes, 2015). However, later findings also suggested that the theory is not unfounded. First, the research aimed at determining the dependency of emotion on cultural issues has concluded that the recognition of facial expressions is modified little by the cultural impact (Scherer & Ekman, 2014), which weakens the suggested opposing view. Second, the studies in the field of affective neuroscience have confirmed James-Lange assumptions to some degree, primarily by showing the undeniable causality between facial expressions and emotion. Several studies show that the forced mimicking of the emotion triggers the corresponding physiological feedback (Izard, 2013). It is important to note that both sides currently do not present enough evidence to either confirm or disprove the theory. Nevertheless, the initial hypothesis still explains at least some otherwise unexplainable phenomena and may prove useful for further findings in cognitive psychology. A couple of years ago I volunteered to be a member of the assistance team on an open-air music festival. Our duties included assisting the participants and visitors, providing information regarding the event, and monitoring the visitors’ compliance with the rules. The participation resulted in an interesting experience, especially after analyzing the results using Larson and LaFasto’s eight characteristics of effective teams (Larson & LaFasto, 1989). As all of the volunteers were guaranteed free admittance, it is natural to assume that some were financially motivated. Nevertheless, the overwhelming majority has demonstrated the unified commitment and allegiance to the festival’s policy of a drug-free zone, thus adhering to a clear, elevating goal. Additionally, the friendly atmosphere of an event and an informal setting has contributed to the highly collaborative climate. At the same time, the said setting was responsible for the lack of principled leadership, which could be boiled down to giving orders by the management. It was also responsible for the almost non-existing standards of excellence or external recognition, limited only by our desire to perform decently. The result-driven structure was not required in these circumstances, so we focused on the process instead, trying to be as helpful as possible. Finally, the competence of team members was not required by the terms. As a result, we had a good time, but exhibited little teamwork or hardly produced any results beyond our capabilities. Two conclusions can be drawn from the experience. First is the obvious pattern that emerged in the highly motivated group acting in the informal environment, where three characteristics are high while the rest are medium to low. The second is my assessment of the management as viewed from the subordinate’s position. I was always a proponent of liberal leadership style, which in this setting was not boosted but rather hampered by the lack of strict requirements. References Andrewes, D. (2015). Neuropsychology: from theory to practice . New York, NY: Psychology Press. Hunt, M. (2007). The story of psychology . New York, NY: Anchor Books. Izard, C. (2013). Human emotions . New York, NY: Springer Science & Business Media. Larson, C., & LaFasto, F. (1989). Teamwork: what must go right/what can go wrong . London, UK: SAGE Publications. Scherer, K., & Ekman, P. (2014). Approaches to emotion . New York, NY: Psychology Press. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Media’s Role in Public Interest in the Mafia Report (Assessment) The Godfather film brought out the image that the mafia is a romantic group of criminals. The film helped in hyping the mafia in the television, especially the focus on the Italian mafia. The mafias are portrayed as a group that has similar values as the rest of society; they value family, loyalty and justice. However, the means to their ends is what most people disagree with and become horrified. The mafias are groups that believe in doing extreme things to achieve their goals. They take justice into their own hands. Moreover, they do not live by the standard societal rules and morals. The media portrays the mafia as a group of criminals who do not trust any authority. They have a culture primarily based on secrecy and silence. The consequences for non-compliance are extreme while their culture of secrecy works to their advantage because it makes helps them conceal crime. It is a culture that instills fear in the people because the mafias fulfill their desires by force. The new technology has enabled people to understand the mafia culture, which is a culture that people could not comprehend before. New technology has exposed the criminal nature and some of the ways the mafias operate. Producing many films and information all over the Internet has made people get used to the ideologies of mafias. The new technology may have helped the mafias gain support because the media portrays their lives in the films as exciting, romantic and manly. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Information Operations and Warfare Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Tactics 3. Personnel 4. Equipment 5. Targets 6. Infowar Example 7. Bibliography 8. Footnotes Introduction Information warfare or INFOWAR is a set of actions, tactics, and strategies that are aimed at gaining information advantage at a specific point in time. 1 In 21st-century warfare, it is critical to possess information about the enemy or deceive the enemy with inaccurate information in order to have a strategic advantage. Therefore, it is paramount to investigate the elements which constitute the essence of INFOWAR and what distinguishes it from conventional warfare. Tactics Nowadays, information warfare can precede or intercede actual conventional warfare. It can be used to gain an advantage both in the offense and defense. If usual combat presupposes direct physical elimination of a target, and information warfare uses permanent or temporary disruption of communication channels in a variety of settings such as mass media, logistics, military bases, or combat outposts. Apart from disruption, which serves as a tactic that creates a time window used for the organization and preparation of a physical attack or defense, there are other tactics such as interception or deception. Interception is used to gain valuable information about an enemy and use it against them. Deception is used to force an enemy into making false assumptions or attack wrong targets based on the inaccurate information that was placed into the enemy’s databases as a result of the deceptive activity. Personnel Among the personnel that partakes in the activities connected to INFOWAR, there is a variety of military and civil specialists. Most of them are trained to work with particular equipment such as personal computers, specific software, and hardware, radio-electronic devices, surveillance mechanisms, etc. As opposed to the personnel needed for conventional warfare, information one makes use of people who are not necessarily trained in the art of physical combat. Since the modern world utilizes a multitude of electronic devices to store information, successful information warfare requires skills and knowledge of retrieving, destroying, or replacing data on such devices. Typical agents of INFOWAR are civil and military programmers, military radio engineers, and various IT specialists. Equipment Equipment utilized to lead information warfare varies in types and purposes. One of the most usable in the middle or in the preparation stage of the combat is electronic jamming devices that disrupt enemy communication. As opposed to physical destruction preferred in conventional warfare, jamming devices are used to discretely disable communication and force enemy forces to seek the source of jamming, providing time for allies. Computers are also a powerful tool of information warfare. They are versatile and can be used to withdraw information, disrupt or corrupt information on other computers or databases, acquire control of surveillance, and perform many other operations. Targets Information warfare presupposes targeting sources and channels of information and people who use them. Through disruption of the first two, allies are able to influence the decisions of enemies, making them commit mistakes or paralyze their actions. Instead of physically eliminating the target, INFOWAR acts preemptively to gain an advantage for conventional warfare actions or prevent them in the first place. Infowar Example An example of information warfare is a prevention of a terrorist attack through the timely acquisition of information about a planned attack. A radio electronics specialist who intercepted a secret terrorist transmission about the location of a planned bombing and prevented it by providing this information to law enforcement. Bibliography Headquarters Department of the Army. “Training Circular No. 7-101.” PageBaldwin. 2018. Web. Footnotes 1. Headquarters Department of the Army, “Training Circular No. 7-101,” PageBaldwin, 2018, Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
One of the questions is whether these global centers can arise in South America, Africa, Middle East or the countries of the former Soviet Union. It is possible to say that such an event is rather unlikely because these regions lack several important conditions. In particular, one can speak about legal protection of various property rights, advanced economy, and sophisticated commercial infrastructure. These are the main aspects that should be discussed more closely. At first, it is necessary to define such a term as global financial center. It can be described as an urban area with significant concentration of various financial organizations which participate in international and domestic transactions (Sassen, 1999, p. 80). It should be mentioned that the countries with global financial centers have certain common traits. First of all, it is possible to speak about the reduced intervention of the state into the economic activities of businesses and individuals (Sassen, 1998, p. 78). In contrast, businesses activities in the countries of the Soviet Union remain tightly regulated, and the intervention of the state obstructs many financial transactions. This is one of the main obstacles that should be considered. Apart from that, one should remember that the countries with global financial centers have legal systems that ensure the rights of companies, investors, or traders (Sassen, 1999). This characteristic is typical of the United States, England, Germany, or Japan. This is one of the reasons why stock exchanges emerge in these countries. In turn, many developing countries of the world lack the legislature and court system that can defend the rights of companies and individuals (The City of New York Office of the Mayor, 2007, p. 15). This is one of the reasons why they do not attract companies that operate at an international level. On the whole, effective court system can contribute to the rise of global financial centers. Apart from that, one should speak about the political instability of countries in Africa, South America, or Middle East. These states have many political upheavals, and such events can put the assets of companies or individuals at risk. In the opinion of many financial analysts, financial transactions in such regions cannot be properly protected. This is one of the main factors that prevent many African or South American countries from achieving financial growth. This is one of the main arguments that can be made. Finally, it is important to remember about the presence of highly developed communication as wells commercial infrastructure (The City of New York Office of the Mayor, 2007, p. 15). Global financial centers are more likely to arise in countries with advanced economies. At the present moment, England, Germany, the United States and Japan are not likely to be matched by developing countries such as Russia, India, Brazil, or Argentina. This is another factor should not be overlooked. These examples show why the countries of South America, Africa, or the Soviet bloc are not likely to become the global financial centers. One should focus on such obstacles as lack of appropriate legislation, governmental intervention, and political instability. Still, one should take into account that economic development of many countries is unpredictable, and the situation can change in the distant future. Reference List Sassen, S. (1999). Global Financial Centers. Foreign Affairs, 78(1), 75-87. The City of New York Office of the Mayor. (2007). Sustaining New York’s and the US’ Global Financial Services Leadership . Retrieved from https://www.law.du.edu/images/uploads/bloomberg-schumer.pdf | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Democrats and Rebuplicans Political Campaigns Essay In the highly contested American presidential elections, both the candidates had different views on the socioeconomic classes of the citizens in the country. When we look at the democrats’ policies, the presidential candidate Barrack Obama did not consider all the socioeconomic classes to be the same. In his view, Barrack Obama said that there is no way someone making less than one hundred and fifty dollars a year would be compared to another person making more than two hundred and fifty a year. “ Unfortunately, a close inspection of Obama’s proposals reveals something disquieting: he would raise marginal tax rates for many middle-income taxpayers, a bad move for anyone seeking to promote economic growth ” (Mark J. Perry). This kind of argument seemed to be unfair from the democrats’ point of view. In his arguments, Barrack Obama said that the only way of improving the bottom-up economic growth that will make a difference in the people’s lives is by noting or identifying the difference between the different classes (Mark J.). However, due to the fact that the American economy was at a dying point, Barrack Obama promised that if he was elected the president, he would consider various factors in the matter of taxation. He said that since the American economy had a negative or shortfall of four hundred billion dollars in the financial year, he would be forced to do extra work to fill the gap. He said that the shortfall that occurred in the budget as a result of unemployment among so many Americans. However, he then promised to deal with the issue of unemployment by creating many employment opportunities. To improve the economy and get it back to where it was at first, he said that taxation on the citizens will depend on the socio-economic class to where one belongs. Obama promised to raise tax on some individuals while reducing it for others. He said that those who were earning more than two hundred and fifty dollars per year would be taxed a bit higher. He said that this would be so because those who are earning this amount are rich and can afford at least something. In his point of view, he said that the rich who were earning a large amount of money could not feel it, or could not feel any harm if they were taxed. Whereas the issue of the middle-class earners who are believed to be including the majority of the Americans was promised lower taxation. Obama said that he would do this because the low earning individuals don’t get enough money that if they are taxed heavily, they would feel a lot of harm. This kind of policy that Obama applied helped him win many hearts because most people are unemployed or are employed but do not make that much, the majority of them being youths who are the largest number of voters. The Democrats believed that the middle class for eight years now have been the workhorse of the American economy in the Bush administration. While they have been struggling to pay tax from the little money that they earn, the rich people have been trying their best to evade the tax payment. Obama said that he would deal with them thoroughly, more so the larger companies like the oil companies have been making larger profits and some bigger businesses but make away with it without being taxed, but instead, the whole burden of tax-paying has been upon the middle-class earners (Domenico ). That is why the Democrats wanted a real change, a change that the people could believe in. Obama even used a television advert that lasted for thirty seconds with the title of ‘Dignity’ which stressed his acts as human rights activist whereby he turned down large amounts of money but instead helped the people who lost their jobs. On the other hand, the Republicans led by Senator John McCain had a different opinion on the class ranges. Though they a little bit sounded to be the same since they all believed that the wealthy could not be compared to the working class and the middle class, the issue of taxation brought the main difference that was seen. We find that in Senator McCain’s policy, the working class could be favoured. He said that only the hard-working class individuals but with families would pay the Alternative Minimum Tax. That is, the working-class families would save more since their taxes would go down. Nevertheless, the Republicans said in their policies that the entrepreneurs would as well be favoured when it comes to the issue of taxation. They stated clearly that the entrepreneurs would pay lower taxes despite the huge profits that they make. McCain promised them lower tax payments because he believed that they are the ones who help in running the economy because they create so many employment opportunities for the citizens. The other difference that Senator McCain saw between the socioeconomic classes was about the issue of healthcare whereby he said that as the president, he would subsidize the health care services to enable the poor access treatments. References 1. Domenico Montanaro. ”Obama v. McCain on middle class” 2008. 2. “ Economy:Obama vs. McCain on the Economy ” Web. 3. Paul Steinhauser. “ Obama tax plan: $80 billion in cuts, five-minute filings ” 2007. CNN. Web. 4. Professor Mark J. Perry’s. “ Obama’s Tax Plan Folly: A Middle-Class Tax Hike “ 2008. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Future of Green Technologies in Architectural Industry Report (Assessment) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Sustainable Architecture 3. Natural and Green Constructions for Green Architecture 4. Works Cited Introduction The current global warming effects from ozone depletion to carbon gas emissions have made scientists, architects and world leaders, in seeking new modalities to curb the vice; that seem to threaten lives of many and that of future generations. Currently, the modern architectural designs; adopted by architects, focus of environmental sustainability mechanisms unlike the ancient ones. Building environmental sensitive houses does not create any harm, be it to the client or the owner. In fact, the design of green architectural homes reduces any operating costs associated with it and on the other hand, it results into lesser environmental impact. Just like the shift from traditional agriculture to environmental friendly biotechnology, architects are busy designing sustainable homes geared towards a sustainable industry. For example, traditional homes seem to cause heating up of buildings hence, environmental degradation. Furthermore, these houses involve high costs of construction. Perhaps, the reason why many people prefer green buildings nowadays is that, they have less construction costs. Under the current global economic downturn together with an emphatic energy crisis, people cannot afford to build expensive homes. Therefore, it is apparent that, any future architectural designs especially homes-must address energy conservation and liquid clarity concerning low maintenance costs. (Zander Para.1-5). Sustainable Architecture On of the modules towards the future of green technologies in architectural industry is sustainable architecture. Sustainable architecture addresses environmental risks associated with the incessant construction of traditional buildings. It simply implies enhanced functionalities, more savings and reliance on energy, mutually in civil workings and in residential constructions. For example, according to U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), green technologies in architectural industries promote environmental conservation through proper waste management and less consumer costs. Additionally, these houses have balconies and backyards for urban gardens consequently, more food production. Future green technologies in architectural designs will comprise of new architectural mechanisms, which is simply a combination of prehistoric and industrial routines. These techniques will for example, see setting up of photovoltaic gadgets to produce electricity and fixation of solar thermal collectors to heat water instead of burning charcoal which is riskier to the environment. In addition to this, architects use simply available materials for these future green technologies of architectural designs. Materials like coked earth, bamboo, recycled stone, recyclable metal and plastic components not only are they sustainable and less toxic, but also, durable, cheap and save energy loss. (Fair Companies Para. 4-15). Natural and Green Constructions for Green Architecture Statistics collected by American Institute of Architects indicate that, buildings with greenhouses emit more gases than other economic sectors like transport and energy. However, future green technologies will see architectural designs economical in terms of water, energy and cost of materials hence, less-toxic and healthier homes. Ancient buildings do not really show environmental conservation techniques. Nevertheless, architects can modify these buildings using new and environmental friendly materials without necessarily demolishing them, for green revolution in future architectural designs. Future architectural designs will also provide a platform of observing climatic conditions using natural resources like rain, wind and sun to achieve environmental safety. This is bioclimatic architecture where, energy use is not dominant; it preserves combustion and emissions. For example, cross ventilation of ancient buildings create variations in room temperature and pressure. Nevertheless, bioclimatic architectural designs can change this effect to a better one. Another example is that of greenhouses. Currently, exterior windows with vertical shutters help in preventing greenhouse gas emissions in summer hence, fastidious air conditioning parameters. (Fair Companies Para. 20-33). In conclusion, future green technologies in architectural industries will see an industry driven towards environmental conservation via green technologies in architectural designs and constructions. Notably, ancient buildings have in one way or another, contributed to environmental degradation. It is therefore up to architects to make designs that prop up thermal reassurance, waste management and generally observe sustainability to climatic conditions. Works Cited Fair Companies. The Future of Green Architecture. 2009. Web. < https://faircompanies.com/articles/the-future-of-green-architecture/ > Zander, Carly. Ashville Architecture Firm Building for the Future by Going Green. 2008. Web. < https://www.send2press.com/wire/2008-07-0731-001/ > | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Such a responsibility, in its turn, requires sensitivity for various social layers, including generally accepted “vulnerable” groups. Vulnerable populations may be defined as social groups that have lower expectancy rates and poorer access to health care caused by disparities in their physical or socio-economic opportunities. In the US, vulnerable populations generally encompass homeless people, people with disabilities, the elderly, ethnic minorities, people living with HIV/AIDS, the uninsured, and low-income populations (Joszt, 2018). For some regions in the US, especially when it comes to metropolitan areas, homelessness remains a significant social issue. According to the statistics, seventeen people out of ten thousand Americans experienced homelessness on a given night in 2019 (“State of homelessness,” 2020). For this reason, it is important for nurses to realize the scope of the issue in order to create a framework for addressing this population’s health. People struggling with homelessness are at higher risk of obtaining various chronic health conditions because they do not have the ability to be socially secure from the health risks related to poor nutrition and the absence of housing (Stevenson & Purpuro, 2018). As a result, such a lack of protection makes these people labeled as vulnerable. Moreover, homeless people are generally rejected in society, which makes people with no housing feel rather insecure about health professionals’ intention to help, as they believe that they are not welcomed in society and, therefore, do not deserve help. According to the statistics, the vast majority of homeless people in the US are white men who experience various reasons for having no permanent housing, including substance addiction, severe financial problems, and suffer from financial fraud (“State of homelessness,” 2020). Stevenson & Purpuro (2018) that one of the ways to improve the current situation is to provide nursing students with enough knowledge on the specifics of the homeless population’s health. In such a way, they will be more prepared to come up with quality personalized approaches to health care for this vulnerable population’s representatives. References Joszt, L. (2018). Five vulnerable populations in health care. Web. State of homelessness. (2020). National Alliance to End Homelessness. Web. Stevenson, E., & Purpuro, T. (2018). Homeless people: Nursing care with dignity. Nursing, 48 (6), 58-62. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
While ultimate responsibility cannot be relinquished, a delegation of authority carries with it the imposition of a measure of responsibility. The extent of the authority delegated must clearly be stated. In health care organizations it serves as an important aspect to delegate responsibility to the health care workers or health professionals. This is expected to bring up a sense of ownership to the health professionals of lower ranks and therefore enhance responsibility and motivation among the health workers in that organization. (Charles 1999) Delegation of authority in health care will enhance efficient handling of emergencies and making crucial decisions by the health professionals who are motivated. This also plays an important role where work done in a health care organization requires great care and helps in tapping great talent among the health care workers of lower ranks which would otherwise have not been recognized. Relinquishing some measure of responsibility to the junior health care workers will allow them to play some role of leadership and therefore being responsible for their actions and undertakings in times of urgent measures e.g. emergencies, thus playing part in the management of the organization-organizing can be viewed as the activity to collect and configure resources in order to implement plans in a highly effective and efficient way. Organizing involves a broad set of activities and often as one of the major functions of management. (curtler1999) Technically speaking, delegation and empowerment are the same. Whereas empowerment is only but a condition, delegation is both a process and a condition. The delegation will be defined as the process of entrusting a junior staff with the appropriate responsibility and the authority for the accomplishment of a particular activity whereas empowerment involves the condition of a delegation under which an employee incorporates new tasks and expands in knowledge. (Vicas 2006) Managers should be careful when delegating responsibilities/authority to avoid delegation failure- a management shortcoming that leads to undesirable consequences in a number of dimensions. There are a number of reasons that may result in delegation failure. (Delegation of authority 1999) The most common is a lack of time to delegate properly. Too often the manager takes a short, narrow view of delegation and sees it’s primarily as a means of getting some relief from part of the workload. The perceived need to delegate is then experienced most acutely when the manager’s time is in the shortest supply. Some give in and attempt to delegate to obtain some immediate relief. However proper delegation is time-consuming.When done correctly, it requires more time and attention on the managers’ part in the short run. In brief, managers often feel the most pressure to delegate at precisely the time when they are list prepared to delegate properly. (Montana state university 2009, Curtler 2007) Managers also ought to be careful when delegating. The delegation will also fail if it is driven primarily by the manager’s selfishness. There has to be a sense of ownership developed in an employee who is expected to take on a new task. Employee resentment kills the process when it is perceived that the manager is simply “passing the buck” or handing off the undesirable work. (Summer 2006) The manager’s personality and character is also an important aspect that should be considered by a manager when delegating and empowering-a manager who is insecure may fear competition from subordinates or may be unwilling to share the credit that goes along with a job well-done feeling that available employees cannot handle increased responsibility. (Mind tools 2007) Works cited Charles R. McConnell, Delegation versus empowerment: What, how, and is there a difference? , 1995. Web. Cutler McNamara, Management Function of Organizing: Overview of Methods , 1999. Web. Summers, J. and Nowicki, M. delegation and monkeys: who’s in charge? Healthcare Financial Management 60 6 th Ed, 2006. Cutler Mc Namara, Introduction to Management. 2007. Web. Mind Tools, Successful Delegation : How, When and Why. 2007. Web. Delegation of authority, 1999. Web. Montana state university, effective delegation: steps for new managers, 2009. Web. Vicas. Effective delegation 2006. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Former Senator Pushed for Balancing the Budget Essay Introduction The fiscal cliff entails combined tax increases and large spending cuts which are expected to automatically take place in 2013. This is after the set temporary income tax cuts come to an end. Although both Democrats and Republicans want to avert the fiscal cliff because of the expected consequences, an agreement is yet to be achieved. The unemployment rate is expected to increase to 9.1% by 2013 and the economic growth would be 1.7%. Unemployment and emergency benefits enjoyed would come to an end. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke has warned that the Federal Reserve may not be in a position to avert the effects. Discussion The article by Stephen Miller revolves around the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings budget Act which was pushed by Warren Rudman in an effort to balance the Federal budget. Mr. Rudman’s idea was that the federal budget could be balanced by cutting down the spending. The idea was to have a balanced budget at the end of each fiscal year. After passing the law, Congress later embarked on the process of addressing The recommended cuts and budget caps. The solution reached was to apply cutoffs and targets. According to Mr. Rudman, the fiscal problems faced could not be solved given the financial crisis faced by the country. In his opinion, if the problem went unchecked, it could result in either skyrocketing interest rates or hyperinflation. Philip Izzo’s article explores the “fiscal cliff” debate. The lack of an agreement by Congress on a “fiscal cliff” has hindered economic growth, and hence the slow rate of economic growth. The economic growth rate lacks the capacity to reduce the rate of unemployment. Given that the set tax cut reductions are soon expiring and automatic spending cuts are expected to begin in January, lack of an agreement would slow the economic growth. Economists warn that the economy would go over the fiscal cliff thus reducing the 2013 economic growth by an estimated 2.2%. This would be detrimental to the economy given that under normal conditions, the economy is expected to grow just 2.4% supposing an agreement is reached. An official from J. P Morgan Chase warns that a recession could be realized if the situation is not dealt with. Although members of Congress have remained indecisive, economists hope that action will be taken by the Federal Reserve. Based on Jon Hilsenrath’s article, the chairman of the Federal Reserve has warned that automatic spending cuts and tax increases which are part of the “fiscal cliff” are a threat to the country’s economic recovery. To avoid the restrain on economic growth, Ben Bernanke has stated that the monetary policy stated earlier will continue to be applied. The policy advocates for the purchase of additional assets and mortgage-backed securities to ensure that the labor market is improved. The Feds have continued with the purchase of bonds so as to reduce long term interest rates and increase the rate of investment, spending, and borrowing. However, the job market has not improved and the unemployment rate has remained high and can be reduced once full recovery is realized. Given that the $500 billion of fiscal cliff tax increases and spending cuts are enacted, the economy could be toppled back into a major recession. Mr. Bernanke has advised the lawmakers to endorse a long-run deficit-reduction plan which will support the economy and lessen business uncertainty. Authors John D. Mckinnon, Kristina Peterson, and Josh Mitchell explore the effects most low-income households would face if the budget dilemma (fiscal cliff) is not resolved. According to the Tax Policy Center, an estimate of 90% of the American households would be part of the high tax burden come 2013. After the expiry of the tax and cut measures, taxes will increase if the lawmakers fail to reach an agreement and prevent the fiscal cliff. If aversion is not taken, the marginal rates would increase and households would be expected to pay more payroll taxes of 6.2% compared to 4.2%. In most households, the fall over the cliff would result in loss of jobs, child credit, earned income credit, and marriage-penalty relief depending on several demographic factors. Among high taxpayers, higher tax rates would affect dividend rates and capital gains. Federal departments such as Defense Department would experience a 10 percent budget cut which would be carried for the next 10 years. Conclusion In their article, Jon Hilsenrath and Kristina Peterson explore the different challenges and options that the Feds have in enhancing economic recovery. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke has observed that although the U.S economy has shown signs of economic recovery, economic activities have been decelerated. This is because investment has continued to decline as the unemployment rate continues to soar. Tight credit mechanisms, impaired creditworthiness, and tight lending standards have impeded economic growth because homebuyers are in no capacity to obtain mortgages. The expiry of the fiscal cliff coupled with the eurozone debt crisis poses major threats to economic recovery. The suggested solutions by Mr. Bernanke include the additional purchase of Treasury securities or mortgage-backed securities and avoid an increase in interest-rate in the short-term. Other options available include using the Fed loan facility to credit banks and cut the 0.25% rate paid to banks. Nonetheless, the Feds Chairman has maintained that a range of policies and possible tools would be considered. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Criminal Defense in Moran vs. Ohio and Arizona vs. Falater Essay Introduction This essay identifies the different criminal defense mechanisms used in the cases studied (Self-defense of Moran vs. Ohio (1984) and the Sleeping walking defense of Arizona vs. Falater (1997)). The paper will analyze criminal defenses that were used by identifying as well as examining them. Additionally, the essay explains the nature as well as types of defenses applied in the two cases as well as the evidence used to support the defense. Lastly, a description of how justification and excuse played a role in the cases is presented. The last section will present the outcomes of both cases independently. Analysis In the first case, Mrs. Willie Moran was convicted of murdering her husband. In supporting her case trial, the petitioner claimed that she had acted on self-defense since on different occasions, she had been a victim of physical beatings and battering from her husband. She claimed that the husband was a temperamental person and he was in possession of guns and pistols. She was also seconded by her mother who said that she had witnessed the slain husband kicked the wife. This was after he demanded to receive money from the petitioner. In this case, the defense used by the petitioner supposed self-defense and the use of “Battered woman’s syndrome”. In her defense, the petitioner presented to the courts the view that in most of her live with her husband, she had been physically assaulted several times by her spouse. However, the burden of a proof of the petition was shifted to the petitioner to prove her defense. The theory of battered syndrome identifies and emphasizes the incidences of repeated battering that could cause both physical and psychological effects and the fact of the wife’s dependency on husband’s economic support. According to the theory, there are instances when a victim reaches their maximum tolerance point, this is where they cannot bear the physical assault anymore. At this point, victims can act in a manner to defend them, which can result in death of the offender. This kind of self-defense is usually aimed at protecting oneself from further injuries or negative psychological effects. During the trial, the judge left the petitioner to prove beyond reasonable doubt that she was acting in self-defense. It is worth noting that the petitioner objected to the instruction by the jury on the grounds that the instructions were contrary to the constitution. It is always the task of the prosecution to prove such cases. It is worth noting that the Courts of Appeal at Cuyahoga avowed the conviction while the Ohio based Supreme Court discharge the appeal on the grounds that there was no any constitution question arising in the case. From this ruling, the petitioner sorts a writ of certiorari vindicating her Fourteenth Amendment right so as to have the State to bear the burden of proof in a criminal prosecution. In her ruling, Justice Brennan discussed the usefulness of the need to get the views from an expert concerning the testimony regarding the battered woman’s syndrome in his dissent from the court’s denial of certiorari. After overruling the petition, the trial court convicted the woman of killing her husband. In the case of Falater vs. Arizona (1997), Falater was prosecuted in stubbing his wife 44 times by using hunting knife and eventually drowning her body in the home swimming pool. However, Falater admitted to the charges but defended himself by claiming that he did not purposefully kill his wife. Moreover, in his defense, Falater and his lawyer applied the sleep walking defense where his lawyer claimed that his client had gone to repair the swimming pool in a sleep but realizing that his wife prevented him from doing so, he retaliated by stubbing her. However, during the examination, a neighbor who witnessed the incident claimed that he saw Falater dragged the victim into the backyard, went for gloves in the garage, moved her body in planned stages to the pool and pushed her into the water headfirst. It was also established that Falater was conscious since he was seen to have ordered his dog to lie. A number of things which could help the prosecution in this case were found inside the man’s care. These included things like a knife and clothes stained with blood. In the ruling, the jury found Falater guilty of first degree murder in 1999 and gave him a life sentence without the possibility of parole. With regard to excuse and justification of the concepts in the cases of Moran vs. Ohio (1984), the decision to shoot a sleeping husband did not show a clear indication of self-defense. Furthermore, in Falater vs. Arizona (1997), Falater was a believer of the Mormon’s faith and resorted to kill his wife since she had lost interest in the faith. It was a highly staged murder since he did not even show remorse during judgment. It is always important for the courts to have a clear line with regards to the situation where individual acts in self-defense. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Compar Buster Keaton and Charlie Chaplin Essay Buster Keaton and Charlie Chaplin are often compared and counterposed. The main similarity between them lies in the fact that they are legendary figures and comic actors who contributed greatly to the development of the silent film. Importantly, these two actors starred in slapstick comedies, which are characterized by exaggerated physical activity. Nonetheless, the works of Chaplin and Keaton are quite different in so that Chaplin’s movies are rich in comedic facial expressions while Keaton is famous for his “Stoneface”. His facial expression was effective as it turned his characters into stoic heroes, who could remain inscrutable in almost any setting (Da218835, 2015). This manner also allowed Keaton to use his eyes to express the feelings and emotions of his character. Apart from that, the work of the two actors and filmmakers is different in the themes and content they emphasized. Charlie Chaplin’s movies brought various social and political issues to the forefront. Meanwhile, Keaton’s films placed a particular emphasis on acrobatic performance and content that could be easily deconstructed by the viewer. The author of this paper identifies with Chaplin more than with Keaton. On the one hand, the writer was carried away by the dinner episode in “The Scarecrow”; the scene was full of action and minor but important details (Orange Cat Blues, 2013). On the other hand, Chaplin’s movies raise important social topics and provide room for speculation. The author of this writing appreciates content supported by the visual imagery, which is more characteristic of Chaplin’s movies. Keaton’s stunts in Steamboat Bill Jr. remind me of films with Jackie Chan in which the actor also showed absurd, humorous, and, at the same time, extraordinary stunts with ease. However, the main difference is that Keaton’s characters never showed any emotion. References 1. Da218835. (2015). Steamboat Bill, jr. (1928) [Video file]. Web. 2. Orange Cat Blues. (2013). Buster Keaton: The scarecrow [Video file]. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Environmental Pollution and Contamination Essay Table of Contents 1. Environmental Hormones 2. Consequences of Ozone Depletion and Acid Rain 3. Food Chain Contamination 4. Sources and Types of Water Pollution 5. Ultraviolet Radiation 6. Details of the Last Ice Age and Warming Period 7. Climate Factors Environmental Hormones Environmental estrogen is the scholarly nomenclature that refers to any group of artificial substances that exist in the environment . If and when they get into the system of a human being, they function in a closely related way to estrogen, which generally refers to sex hormones in the female species. They are also called environmental hormones. They are known to interfere with the normal hormonal secretion and also mess up with the assimilation of food, which in turn damages reproductive activities. Consequences of Ozone Depletion and Acid Rain Depletion of the ozone layer has consequences. Chief among these are the skin cancer menace due to ultraviolet radiation, which is absorbed by DNA. Others include a high rate of lung related diseases and eye cataracts, which can cause blindness. Depletion is also known to decrease crop yields and also causes disruption of the balance in ecology in the oceans. Acid rains, on the other hand, cause damage to structures like buildings. The rains are known to corrode marble and metals, cause respiratory diseases in human beings and increase the acidity of the soil . Acid rains also make lakes acidic and thus affecting the ecology of such areas. Food Chain Contamination This refers to the process by which contaminants find their way to the environment . Such contaminants include chemicals, metals like lead, among others. For instance, directing effluence to lakes will contaminate fish, which is taken as food by the surrounding population, affecting their health. Sources and Types of Water Pollution There are three types of water pollution. These include point-source pollution , nonpoint-source pollution, and transboundary pollution . Point-source pollution, as the name suggests, is caused when pollution originates at a certain point. Pollution caused by the oil spill is, for instance, point-source pollution. Nonpoint-source is caused by many types of pollution affecting water in the same locality . Transboundary pollution affects the environment distances away from the origin. Sources can either be classified as direct or indirect . Examples of direct include waste from factories. Indirect would include seepage of chemicals like fertilizers. Ultraviolet Radiation This refers to a type of energy that travels through space . It belongs to a class of radiation called electromagnetic radiation . Others in this class include light and heat . To distinguish each of the radiations, the issue of wavelength vis-à-vis the energy comes to play. Ultraviolet radiation is more energetic with an equally short wavelength. The sun is the chief source of ultraviolet radiation/rays. Details of the Last Ice Age and Warming Period The last ice age took place over ten thousand years ago. Before then, ice-covered around one-third of the earth’s surface. During the initial ice age, the earth warmed up and what followed was the melting of ice. This lead to the formation of glaciers as sheets of ice covered valleys and rivers. In the last ice age, the sheets melted, and this left lakes. Ice that remained can only be found on top of mountains. The warming period, also known as the interglacial periods , are the periods between ice ages. They last between 15,000 and 20,000 years. In other words, we are in a warming period. Climate Factors These are factors that influence the climate. They include wind patterns, topography, latitude, and angle of the sun rays and surface of the earth, among others. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Music Concert at the Walt Disney Concert Hall Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Cantus in Memory of Benjamin Britten 3. Piano Concerto No. 17 in G Major, K. 453 4. Inverted Birth 5. Symphony No. 4, “Los Angeles” Introduction The concert was held on 26 th , May 2016 at the Walt Disney Concert Hall in 3 rd South Grand Avenue, Lost Angeles. The performance was by the Los Angeles Philharmonic consisting of Gustavo Dudamel (conductor), Iron Barnatan (piano), and Bill Viola (video). The compositions performed were Cantus in Memory of Benjamin Britten (Arvo Part), Piano Concerto No. 17 in G Major, K. 453 (Wolfgang Amedeus Mozart), Inverted Birth (Bill Viola), and Symphony No. 4, “Los Angeles” (Arvo Part). Cantus in Memory of Benjamin Britten The first piece performed during the concert was the Cantus in Memory of Benjamin Britten . This piece was composed by Arvo Part in the year 1977 and lasts for six minutes. The orchestration consists of strings and bells. This piece was first performed by the Los Angeles Philharmonic in the year 2002, with Jarvi Paavo as the conductor. The composition was created in memory of Benjamin Britten, a great British composer who passed on in the year 1976. The piece was created to give the impression of purity. The composition consists of three quiet and widely spaced chiming of a bell opens the Cantus in Memory of Benjamin Britten to create the compelling spell, which overshadows the short duration of the process in a transcending manner. This is followed by strings, which begin softly and gradually increase their intensity minute by minute before the fortissimo climax that is sustained in the variants of ascending and descending scale. These scales are exaggerated by the random chirms of the bell, which occur at intervals and overlap at variant speed to create a dynamic archaic and atmosphere of the church environment. The music is repetitive, a common trait of minimalistic pieces. The Los Angeles Philharmonic managed to elevate the Cantus in Memory of Benjamin Britten to create a spiritual atmosphere to captivate the thrilled audience. In my opinion, this was the best piece performed. In terms of consonance, major, rhythm, dynamic contrast, and contrast in timbre, the ratings are 2, 1, 9, 8, and 9 respectively. The composition has three movements with a similar name. Piano Concerto No. 17 in G Major, K. 453 The second piece, Piano Concerto No. 17 in G Major, K. 453, was composed by Wolfgand Amedeus Mozart back in the year 1784. The composition lasts for 30 minutes. The orchestration consists of a solo piano, strings, 2 horns, 2 bassoons, a flute, and 2 oboes. The Los Angeles Philharmonic performed this piece for the first time in the year 1950 with Wallenstein as the conductor and Rudolf as the pianist. Mozart wrote this piece to one of his students called Barbara Ployer and she played on several occasions with the original composer in attendance. During the performance of the Piano Concerto No. 17 in G Major, K. 453 at the Walt Disney Concert Hall, the opening movement was characterized by the laid-back expression, with the effortless sequence as it ventured into unexpected keys. The discourse in the performance was carried by the woodwinds, which was the main wind instrument to the surprise of the audience. The second movement displayed the prominence of the woodwinds with the abrupt stop of the strings 20 seconds into the performance with the introduction of the extended episode of solo bassoon, oboe, and flute. The piano then entered, beginning with a similar five-measure phrase that initiates the movement and ended similarly. This dramatic pause created a dramatic performance with the interchanging G-major and E-flat harmonic jolt. The final 2 minutes of the performance offered five variations to create a free fantasia among the audience. In my opinion, this was the second-best piece performed. In terms of consonance, major, rhythm, dynamic contrast, and contrast in timbre, the ratings are 3, 2, 7, 8, and 7 respectively. The composition has two movements with similar names. Inverted Birth The third piece, Inverted Birth, was created in the year 2014 by Bill Viola. The piece lasts for almost 8.5 minutes and consists of a high-definition video projection surrounded by subwoofer stereo sound. The piece was dedicated to its performer, Norman Scott who has since passed on. The piece depicts a five-staged series of aggressive alterations. At the onset, the sound of the dripping black fluid from a man in darkness intersperses the hollow space. As the movement increases, the dripping fluid begins to ascend upwards into a roaring torrent. The impression of anguish suddenly turns into fright as the color of the liquid changes from black to red. The liquid again changes to white to create the impression of relief and purification. In the 5 th stage, a soft mist carries along with reception, arousal, and eventual birth. In my opinion, this was the fourth-best piece performed. In terms of consonance, major, rhythm, dynamic contrast, and contrast in timbre, the ratings are 4, 3, 6, 5, and 6 respectively. The composition has five movements that do not have names. Symphony No. 4, “Los Angeles” The fourth piece performed by the Los Angeles Philharmonic was the Symphony No. 4, “Los Angeles” composed by Arvo Part in the year 2008. The orchestration consists of strings, harp, percussion, and timpani. During the period of its composition, Part was contracting in the year 2007 to create a piece on behalf of the Los Angeles Philharmonic and he ended up with Symphony No. 4, “Los Angeles”. The symphony is solely instrumental and accents, series of syllables, and three movements to create expressive music. In my opinion, this was the third-best piece performed. In terms of consonance, major, rhythm, dynamic contrast, and contrast in timbre, the ratings are 4, 5, 5, 6, and 5 respectively. The composition has three movements with a similar name. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Responsibilities 3. Comparison to Past Experience 4. Caring for Patients 5. Conclusion 6. References Introduction Reflecting on one’s own practice experiences as a healthcare professional is important for learning from mistakes and improving for the future. All experiences will have positive and negative aspects, which means that every situation has an impact on one’s development as a specialist and an individual (Koshy, Limb, Gundigan, Whitehurst, & Jafree, 2017). In this reflection, I will address my shift activities, discuss assessment techniques, provide lessons learned and challenges, evaluate strengths and weaknesses, and explore the issue of patient safety. Responsibilities On my shifts at a post-operation unit, I was responsible for caring for four patients, each of whom was recovering after a surgical procedure. As a career, I was to administer medication, prevent pressure ulcers through turning and eliminate any signs of infection on surgery sites. These responsibilities allowed me to develop effective time management skills. In terms of delegation, I contacted the IV team when needed as well as asked nursing assistants to take patients’ vital signs when I did not have time to take them myself. Comparison to Past Experience Compared to the previous experience, my assessment technique has improved significantly. I conducted the head-to-toe assessment of patients and checked their lab values to maintain them within recommended thresholds. An important takeaway was learning how to document patients’ assessments. A new lesson learned during my shifts was giving pain medication to my patients – it had to be a priority. I wrote down the times when the medication was administered to keep track of the schedule and ensure that the patients do not experience any pain. Reflecting on my previous journal, I was unable to document the experience on the first shift due to technical issues (not having my password and username) (Koshy et al., 2017). This made me focus more on my responsibilities such as changing sheets, giving patients medication, and completing head-to-toe assessments. On the positive side, I considered the issue of risk reduction: I was very aware of my hygiene such as washing hands with soap and wearing gloves at all times. Also, I also made patients wash their hands and prevent them from touching their surgery wounds, and avoiding myself to do so when checking their condition. Caring for Patients The four patients for whom I cared were recovering from surgery, and all of them required different care. The first patient had abdominal surgery and was given staples; the second had left hip surgery, the third had total hip surgery and was on patient-controlled anesthesia and was at high risk of respiratory distress, the fourth had ear surgery and did not stay in the unit for too long. When caring for these people, I took care in controlling their pain levels, educating them on post-surgery care, responded to their calls for help, monitoring vital signs, checked surgery sites for infections, and completed head-to-toe assessments. In terms of medication, I administered Heparin to prevent blood clots because the patients did not move enough and stayed in bed (Nagata et al., 2017). Oxycodone was given to relieve moderate to high levels of pain. Conclusion Overall, I would like to point out that my experience of caring for four patients in a post-operation unit gave me new knowledge and skills. I learned how to manage my schedule based on patients’ needs and vital signs. I was effective in conducting head-to-toe assessments and became more prepared to address any challenges that had appeared along the way. References Koshy, K., Limb, C., Gundogan, B., Whitehurst, K., & Jafree, D. J. (2017). Reflective practice in health care and how to reflect effectively. International journal of surgery. Oncology , 2 (6), 20-24. Nagata, K., Browne, K., Suto, Y., Kumasaka, K., Cohmetti, J., Johnson, V., … Pascual, J. (2017). Early heparin administration after traumatic brain injury: Prolonged cognitive recovery associated with reduced cerebral edema and neutrophil sequestration. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 83 (3), 406-412. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Analysis of Google Business Plan Essay Google Inc is one of the most successful global organizations in terms of growth, financial stability, and marketing. The American multinational company deals with cloud computing, internet search, and advertising technology. Its founders are Sergey Brian and Larry page. The most important components of Google’s business plan are marketing, products, mission and vision, financial strength, and management. Any successful company has a succinct vision and mission statement. A vision is an inspiring and brief statement of what a business intends to achieve in future whereas a mission statement outlines the organization priorities and ambitions. According to Pinson (2004), the mission of Google is “To Organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful”p.108. Basing on its large market share and tremendous growth, Google is one of top companies in the world that have achieved their goals. The area that Google needs to improve when it gets into a foreign market is the clause of making information universally accessible because some country have very strict rules pertaining sharing of information over the internet and would prefer some information to be kept confidential. For instance, Google had problems with the Chinese authorities because of making information accessible. As such, it should develop its strategies basing on information sharing policies of foreign countries (Campbell, Hamill, Purdie, &Stonehouse, 2004). Marketing is important for any organization because it assists in developing marketing plans and strategies aimed at retaining old customer base and penetrate new markets. The marketing strategy of organizing global information has played a key role in the monetary success enjoyed by Google. Google’s goal is to trap a large share of online market. This marketing goal has been achieved through Google’s focus on applications, search, and ads. The search engine is the key arena through which Google has achieved good results thus fulfilling its vision. Advertisements through online marketing tools have enabled Google to expand its sales volume and the organization has managed to attain a competitive edge against its competitors through new streams of product channels and programs. In addition, the strength of Google’s marketing strategy has increased the number of its user through developing numerous advertising avenues, international markets, channels, and products. This is imperative in assisting Google in testing new online strategies in order to adopt good ones or drop bad ones. If Google wants to get into a foreign market, it should consider how its users would react to how their private information and personal data are being utilized by the company to test results. This problem may be solved by ensuring that customer information is encrypted and by reducing the effectiveness of its SEM and SEO add –ons in countries where privacy and confidentiality is important and well guarded (Pinson, 2004). For any successful company, there is need for product development and improvement in order to remain competitive in a dynamic global marketing environment. Google has many products and services. These are search engine, advertising, productivity tools, enterprise products, and social networking sites such as Google+. These products have played a key role in enhancing online entrepreneurship, research, advertisements, and communication. They are the key components of Google’s exponential growth. When getting in foreign markets, especially in markets where computer literacy is at low levels, Google should improve its behavioral search personality so that people who make unclear searches can also have a wide web browsing experience (Joshi, 2005). An organization financial health is important in covering its expenses, entering new markets, buying other companies, and starting new business. Google has a strong financial base having started with a financial muscle of US$100,000.For instance; Google’s capitalization was $230 billion in 2007.This is a clear indication that the company has a strong financial base to enable it to penetrate any foreign market either through merger and acquisition or as a new venture (Joshi, 2005). Management of a company is essential in developing policies and goals of a business. Google uses centralized management system where main decisions are made at the central location of the company. In order to get into foreign markets, Google should adopt a decentralized system of management where branches in foreign countries can make independent decisions (Cullen & Parboteeah, 2005). References Campbell, D., Hamill, J., Purdie, T., & Stonehouse, G. (2004). Global operations and transnational business: Strategy and management . West Sussex, England: Wiley. Cullen, J. B., & Parboteeah, P. (2005). Multinational Management: A Strategic Approach . Mason, OH: Thompson. Joshi, R. (2005). International Marketing .New York: Oxford University Press. Pinson, L. (2004). Anatomy of a Business Plan: A Step-by-Step Guide to Building a Business and Securing Your Company’s Future .Chicago: Dearborn Trade. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Nursing Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality Essay The nursing theory that I utilized during my practice experience was the Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality. Introduced by Leininger, this approach was developed for nurses who work in a diverse environment (McFarland & Wehbe-Alamah, 2017). The Culture Care Theory focuses on the uniqueness of each human being and the importance of culture in people’s lives. For example, it recognizes that patients’ mental well-being is detrimental to their physical health, and the nurses’ duty is to address both aspects with care and attention. Nurses should practice culture care, basing their decisions not only on their medical knowledge but also on individuals needs of each patient. Each person has the right to have religious, ethical, and health-related beliefs and they must be respected by others. Nurses participate both in curing and caring as one process cannot be effective without another. As I worked with many older patients from different backgrounds, I was challenged with their varying levels of knowledge and understanding of medical procedures (Buttaro, Trybulski, Polgar Bailey, & Sandberg-Cook, 2017). I also encountered many views on healthcare in general, and my goals were to address each situation with the patient’s opinion in mind. The Culture Care Theory influenced the goals that I formulated for my practice. I aimed to achieve seven objectives, each of them aligned with the seven domains of practice. Thus, I implemented specialized clinical knowledge, guided patients in their recovery, consulted and collaborated with other professionals, used EBP information, employed my leadership skills, and developed ethical solutions for arising issues. As can be seen, these activities are congruent with the seven practice domains and are centered around holistic and collaborative care (Reimanis, 2015). In the end, I believe that I was able to accomplish all objectives and meet the timeline that I have set for myself. References Buttaro, T. M., Trybulski, J., Polgar Bailey, P., & Sandberg-Cook, J. (2017). Primary care: A collaborative practice (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. McFarland, M. R., & Wehbe-Alamah, H. B. (2017). Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality. In M. R. Alligood (Ed.), Nursing theorists and their work , (pp. 339-358). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Reimanis, C. L. (2015). The advance practice exam: Understanding the 7 domains of advanced practice nursing. Journal of Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nursing, 42 (3), 287-289. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Big Data in Enterprise Learning Research Paper Technological advances are rapidly changing people’s lives, and their impact is explicitly seen in the workplace. The emergence of essential concepts in the field, such as big data, allows companies to analyze their employees’ behavior and predict its future patterns for better planning in the long run (“Skillsoft and IBM”). Therefore, Skillsoft and IBM are using these developments for the benefit of individuals and organizations to promote their growth. The companies mentioned above have created a mechanism of processing information, which they receive from people when they access different websites. They use these big data to facilitate the search for the required content by tracing their consumption patterns and making recommendations (“Skillsoft and IBM”). This approach is quite flexible since it allows not only providing workers with knowledge contributing to their promotion but also monitoring shifts in preferences to readjust suggestions for increased efficiency. In this way, using big data to analyze employees’ learning patterns can be advantageous for companies. The latter benefits from the enhanced competence of the former, who, in turn, feel more confident in their abilities to cope with emerging tasks when following recommendations. This outcome explains why the adoption of corresponding technological solutions by enterprises is an optimal solution for improving the results of their work. To summarize, technology companies, such as Skillsoft and IBM, cooperate for the establishment of organizational practices, including the use of big data. They allow increasing the productivity of people’s operations and boosting their professional growth through making recommendations on the content based on their preferences and consumption patterns. Thus, both entities and individuals can benefit from the introduction of the above advances and their application to regular tasks and long-term projects. Work Cited “ Skillsoft and IBM: New Capabilities for Big Data in Enterprise Learning. ” YouTube, uploaded by Skillsoft YouTube. 2014. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Careers in the Hospitality Industry Research Paper Food & Beverage Manager A number of Food and Beverage Managers start their career paths by taking up part-time jobs in fast food establishments, restaurants, hospitals, and hotels while still in school or college. This enables them to know more about their duties and gives them a clear idea of what the position entails. They can then take up permanent jobs after obtaining relevant academic qualifications in hospitality management (Jobs in Hotels par. 1). Generally, an experience of between 3 and 5 years in the Food and Beverage section combined with a degree program in hospitality management can get one into this position. Roles A Food & Beverage Manager ensures that quality services are provided at every point of sale in the Food and Beverage Section of any hospitality firm. The person therefore oversees and coordinates all activities in the Food and Beverage Department. Other roles include ensuring that legislations set by authorities are complied with and customers and guests receive quality services. Qualifications Before one gets to this position, he/she must enroll for a certificate program that covers core areas in the hospitality industry, including customer service, responsible beverage vending, HRM, safety and sanitation, and dining room service. They are also required to have associate’s and bachelor’s degrees in hospitality management, a program that equips them with skills required in the hiring process, planning menus, staff training, management of large-volume kitchens and catering events, making purchases and stock management, marketing, and other associated skills. An advanced degree is a bonus. Restaurant Manager This position requires both education and work experience. After obtaining a college qualification in hospitality management, a person is expected to have work experience while furthering their education. A bachelor’s degree program is preferred while an advanced degree such a master’s or MBA is an added advantage. Roles A restaurant manager supervises all activities that take place in a hospitality facility, including procurement, production, and service delivery. He/she ensures that services are of high quality, he/she recruits and manages staff, and ensures brand standards are applied and that health and safety standards are satisfied. Qualification Aspiring Restaurant Managers can enroll for a 2-year associate degree program in hotel/food and beverage studies up to BTS/HND standard or attain similar qualifications before proceeding to acquire a degree in hospitality management. They can then take up mid-level positions such as Food and Beverage Manager or Assistant Restaurant Manager. To enhance their resumes, it is important that one obtains an advanced degree such as MBA or master’s. Besides, the person must have significant senior level experience in managing a hospitality firm, preferably for five or more years. Reservations Manager To get into this career, a person should have a qualification in information technology and have a working knowledge of appropriate reservation systems. Besides, they should have training in hospitality management and be fluent in one or more official languages. Roles The main role of a Reservations Manager is to organize the reservations system, oversee the quality of services offered, and at the same time strive to maximize occupancy rates and average returns per room. He also manages staff working in the reservations department. Qualifications Besides having A-level qualifications, an aspiring Reservations Manager must also be qualified in a technology course, preferably information technology, up to HND level or similar. A degree is desired but a higher qualification can be an added advantage. They must have working knowledge of appropriate reservation systems, such as Fidelio, and be fluent in one or more official languages. Fluency in a second official language is a plus (CB salary par. 2). Finally, they must have between 2 and 5 years’ experience working in the hospitality industry, particularly in the reservations department. Works Cited CB salary. “Hospitality Administration Management Major Entry Level Jobs.” 2012. Web. Jobs in Hotels. “Hotel Management.” 2012. Web. JWU Providence . “Concentrations.” 2012. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Communication Theories and Their Usefulness Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Description of the communication event 3. Communication theories 4. Usefulness of the theories 5. Conclusion 6. Reference List Introduction Nowadays, the role of interpersonal communication is huge indeed. People have to be aware of the main components of a successful communication and make use their knowledge on practice. De Janasz, Dowd, and Schneider (2009, p. 131) define communication as the possibility to convey and exchange personal ideas, some information, or knowledge by means of a properly chosen speech or signs. It is an important process in human life, and it is obligatory to consider personal skills in listening or speaking to succeed in communication. In this paper, the communication between a young girl and a salesperson in the boutique will be analyzed using three different communication theories which are social exchange, politeness, and standpoint; each theory performs its own role and defines the way of how the communication should be developed. Description of the communication event The communication under analysis takes place in the boutique where visitors are free to observe different clothes, try them on, and buy them in case customers are satisfied with the quality, style, and other issues. The main purpose of salespeople is to demonstrate their production and persuade customers to buy something. In this particular case, the communication begins as soon as the potential customer (a young girl) enters the boutique. The young girl demonstrates her listening skills properly in order to meet her main purpose and learn more about the dresses she is interested in. It is the case of passive listening that is described by Bentley (1993, p. 17) as the process during which the listener does not have to respond but does focus on hearing the words. The young girl, Ms. Smith (2011), admits that she wants to find a particular dress in this boutique as her friend recommended this place yesterday. Unfortunately, the chosen dress has been already sold, this is why the salesperson wants to offer another production for the customer, using the most confident attributes. The results of the conversation are rather successful: the salesperson offers quality product and sales it, and the customer is satisfied with the new purchase. Communication theories To understand the dynamics of the observed event and define the main insights, it is possible to use three communication theories which are social exchange theory, politeness theory, and standpoint theory. Each theory is a unique possibility to comprehend the motives and purposes of the conversation. Each participant has his/her own purposes, and the skills used in the conversation help to achieve the best results. Social exchange theory is based on the idea that the relations which developed during the communication should be based on the satisfaction of its participants’ self-interests. According to such theory, self-awareness is a crucial factor. De Janasz, Dowd, and Schneider (2009, p. 53) point out that self-awareness is all about the possibility to know personal motivation and interests in order to develop the required interaction. In the communication under analysis, the both participants demonstrate the level of their interests in a proper way. Standpoint theory explains how the social hierarchy may determine the process of communication. Different people are free to view social situations from a variety of perspectives. In this case, the salesperson and the customer of the boutique have different standpoints and occupy different social stages as the salesperson aims at providing certain services, and the customer has to use or refuse them. Finally, politeness theory aims at explaining why and how people want to promote themselves or their abilities. By means of this theory, the participants of the conversation should introduce their identities and remain to be polite with each other. In the event at the boutique, understanding of this theory makes its participants rational and more goal-oriented taking into consideration the required respect. Tong Yu (2010) offers a wonderful idea to promote a successful development of any interpersonal communication: people have to be broad-minded in order to expect some outcomes and make conclusions to improve the situation. Usefulness of the theories The usefulness of social exchange theory lies into the fact that both participants of the conversation should have a purpose to be satisfied at the end of the process. The satisfaction should not always be a bad or good thing only. It is a desire that promotes a person to develop a powerful and smart conversation setting reasonable goals. The usefulness of politeness theory is all about the necessity to maintain a kind of sense of the necessary image. People should understand their roles in society and talk to each other on the necessary level. Finally, standpoint theory is useful in the event analysis due to the possibility to evaluate the social positions of the conversation’s participants. Conclusion In fact, it is wrong to identify which theory is more or less useful to comprehend the essence of the chosen conversation. People are free to use different techniques, methods, and ideas to succeed in communication; this is why standpoint, social exchange, and politeness theories described in the paper will become a solid background for the analysis of the event that took place in the boutique. Reference List Bentley, T 1993, ‘The special skills of listening’, Management Development Review , vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 16-18. De Janasz, S, Dowd, K, & Schneider, B 2009, ‘Conveying verbal messages’ in Interpersonal skills in organization . McGraw-Hill Companies, New York. De Janasz, S, Dowd, K, & Schneider, B 2009, ‘Journey into self-awareness’ in Interpersonal skills in organization . McGraw-Hill Companies, New York. Smith, Carol. A student. (Personal communication, 29 March 2011). Yu, T 2010, ‘Being a mindful intercultural communicator – an interview with Prof. Hu Wenzhong’, China Media Research , < https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Being+a+mindful+intercultural+communicator–an+interview+with+Prof….-a0234570356 >. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Leadership Qualities and Women’s Soft Skills Essay Lesson Plan on Leadership Because of the growing interest in social behavior and the social roles – the specific disguise which people put on – one of the most important issues in social psychology is forming the students’ personalities. Making them develop in their specific way is the key aim of the teacher. Thus, the lesson must be designed by the students’ needs and wants. For a quick start, a short warm-up is recommended. Beginning with a rather easy and interesting exercise would create the right atmosphere and raise the competitive spirit among the students, which will encourage them for a productive lesson. The next step would be revising the material which they have already learned in the previous lesson. This will make them more certain about their knowledge and prepare them for the next piece of a theory which they are going to receive in this lesson. After the exercise, the students will learn a new piece of rules. It could be a good idea to introduce the new topic in such a way that they could deduce the rule themselves. Perhaps, giving them a few examples which they can base their judgments on will do fine. Finally, a simple exercise on the newly learned rule should follow. Seeing that they can handle the new rule completely, the students will be more enthusiastic about the new topic. The final chord would be explaining what the students will have to do for the home assignment. T-P Leadership Questionnaire Among the most important issues in the working place, the aspect of leadership is of paramount importance. Once the boss fails to create the necessary environment for working, the employees will fail to complete the work. Thus, leadership skills are the foundation of company prosperity. According to the results obtained from the questionnaire on leadership skills, which in my case are P8 and T8, I could make a good leader. However, it seems to me that the question concerning the changes in the working place is a little bit controversial. Although changes can encourage productivity and the growth of the company, they are most needed when something starts going wrong. When the company flourishes, the slightest touch on the clockwork of the mechanism can result in collapse, so it is a good idea to be more careful with changing the system. Reflections on Articles About Women and Leadership “The results surprised him and even made him sad because he found out that even in the 21 st century, many men are still straitjacketed in stereotypes.” It seems to me that the concern about the stereotypes is a bit exaggerated. No matter how much mankind tries to increase the speed of its development, the evolution moves at its own pace, and the time will finally set its score. Even though modern men seem completely stuck in the prejudice of the past, their views have changed greatly, compared to the mid-1950ies, for example. Thus, there is no need to make things go faster – and there is no use. Also, it would be wise to consider man’s psychology as well. Because of the peculiarity of their temper and their development, men are more inclined to conservatism and keeping the traditions. Thus, it becomes quite clear that much more time is needed for women to be accepted in modern society in the same way as men are. Because of the growing percentage of women leaders all over the world, it could be predicted that soon women will have the same privileges as men do. However, due to certain chauvinism, especially in the sphere of politics, this process is likely to be somewhat hindered. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Speech “I Have a Dream” by Martin Luther King Essay I have selected the speech I Have a Dream by Martin Luther King, as it had a significant impact on the historical state and raised the concerns about the equality in the United States of America (Araujo 6; King par. 1). It could be said that the primary goal of the paper is to examine the effectiveness of the speech while evaluating the impact on the audience, occasion, speaker, and the lines of the speech. In the end, the conclusions are drawn to underline the primary findings of the assessment. It remains apparent that Martin Luther King was a well-known political leader, who addressed the issues related to freedom and the necessity to unify the American nation to overcome the difficulties (Kirk 1). Despite the prohibition of slavery and the declaration of the Emancipation Proclamation, the disparity was still regarded as a problem, as the minorities were discriminated and a huge gap remained between the social classes. King highlights these issues by using the phrase “one hundred years later” (King par. 3). It was critical to shed the light on the problem in the existing situation, and the speaker selected the best time and audience to ensure the delivery of his message to the masses. In this case, the leader opts for the march for jobs and freedoms to deliver the speech, as the occasion supported the perception of the necessity of equality and freedoms in different social spheres (Flowers 363; Dyson 314). The audience was represented by the regular workers, who were the representatives of different ethnicities (Kuypers 109). It could be said that the listeners were encouraged to take part in the occasion, as the citizens had an opportunity to protect their rights and improve the working conditions by expressing their opinions about this matter. In this instance, a combination of these factors emphasizes that the leader selected suitable time for the presentation, as the audience shared the similar interests and desired to change the current condition in the country. Despite the appropriateness of the event chosen for the speech delivery, the verbal language, linguistic structures, and the personal characteristics of the leader defined its effectiveness. King often used ‘we’ and ‘Negro’ to underline the connection with the audience and the existent distinction between the social classes (King par. 1). Nonetheless, the line that stands out to me the most is “Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!”, as it summarizes the primary points of discussion and provokes the audience to change the world (King par. 30). It could be said that this phrase also received a high response in the public, as it used the correlation with God and highlighted the possibility to make the world a better place. The workers were screaming in happiness, as this speech gave them hope to pursue their dreams. In the end, it could be said that the effectiveness of the speech by Martin Luther King cannot be underestimated, as it received great support in the audience while highlighting that the problem has to be resolved. A combination of different techniques and charisma of the leader helped deliver his emotions and ideas to the public. Meanwhile, it has to be mentioned that the speech contributed to the rise of the importance of the equality in the American society while being a principle driver for the establishment of the democratic state and changing the mindset of the Americans (Long 127). Works Cited Araujo, Ana. Shadows of the Slave Past: Memory, Heritage, and Slavery . New York: Routledge, 2014. Print. Dyson, Michael. I May Not Get There with You: The True Martin Luther King Jr. New York: The Free Press, 2000. Print. Flowers, Arhlene. Global Writing for Public Relations: Connecting in English with Stakeholders and Publics Worldwide . New York, Routledge, 2016. Print. King, Martin. I Have a Dream . 2015. Web. Kuypers, Jim. Press and Bias in Politics: How the Media Frame Controversial Issues. Westport: Praeger Publishers, 2002. Print. Long, Michael. Against Us, but for Us: Martin Luther King Jr. and the State . Macon: Mercer University Press, 2002, Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Depression and Cancer in Caucasian Female Patient Essay Table of Contents 1. Subjective 2. Objective 3. Assessment 4. Plan 5. Supplemental Paper 6. References Subjective L. is a 39-year-old Caucasian woman diagnosed with stage IA uterine cancer one year ago and depression (three months ago), a single mother (two underage children) working as a maths teacher. The client had a surgical intervention (hysterectomy) three weeks ago. Mental health concerns reported: frustration, lack of interest in daily activities, unrealistic expectations concerning hysterectomy, abnormal irritancy, and high proneness to conflict at work. L reports self-esteem problems – she believes that the disease will make her “a no oil painting” and prevent her from having new relationships. The patient claims to have sleep problems. Medications are taken after surgery: Ovestin and Microfolline. Objective General/musculoskeletal: normal gait and posture, weight loss (normal), daytime sleepiness, decreased appetite, mild back, and ankle pain. HEENT/neurology: no eyesight problems, tension headache from time to time, no nose/ear pain, mild tooth pain, slow speech, no significant changes related to senses Cardiovascular/respiratory: no chest pain, PND, SOB, or abnormal cough. No exposure to smoke or toxic substances. Gastrointestinal/genitourinary: no swallowing and digestion problems, mild stomachache after spicy food. The loss of reproductive function, menopausal symptoms, mild vaginal pain. Mental status exam: lack of self-care, no signs of alcohol, or substance abuse. Takes all questions seriously and is ready to cooperate. No dystonia or other abnormal movements; looks inactive and avoids making eye contact too often. Apathetic and sad mood, flat affect. Speech is quiet and slow, L. uses almost no gestures, no problems with short-term memory, no articulation reduction. Thoughts are logically coherent and organized, L. focuses on her fears and “lack of mental toughness”. Implicit suicidal thoughts, mild auditory hallucinations due to sleep deprivation, no orientation, or memory problems. Assessment Diagnosis: MDD. Summary: the patient has a persistent sad mood and cannot put up with physical changes after cancer surgery, there is also the fear of being rejected by men. Plan Treatment goals: reduce fear, help the patient build self-confidence, and accept changes related to surgery, reduce irritability. Interventions: CBT techniques such as journaling and cognitive restructuring to get rid of harmful ideas, verbal psychoeducation, and PST to develop problem-solving attitudes. Supplemental Paper Given that cancer affects both physical and mental well-being, this disease can be detrimental to people’s quality of life. The situation under analysis refers to the case of depression in a woman who had a hysterectomy a few weeks ago. In this case, it is important to further explore the connection between uterine cancer and depression since this type of cancer may have an impact on women’s self-identity. Depression can develop in women with uterine cancer due to different reasons, and problems related to the feeling of femininity are among them. The way that women perceive their femininity can change depending on life stages. However, the most common thing associated with being a female is fertility. In fact, it is often impossible to preserve reproductive function in patients with uterine cancer, and there is evidence that younger women (those of the climacteric age) are more likely to become depressed than older patients (Theunissen et al., 2017). The necessity to accept the diagnosis of cancer and realize its possible consequences is a significant stress factor in itself. The risks of depression become even higher if total hysterectomy is performed since it involves hormonal changes and physical pain (Chen et al., 2017). In the end, there is a range of psychotherapeutic interventions helping cancer patients to cope with life changes and get rid of communication problems. Among the most effective methods used to treat depression in people with cancer are CBT, psychoeducation, and problem-solving therapy (Smith, 2015). Given that the positive effect of all interventions has been proved clinically, all methods can be used to achieve treatment goals identified in the SOAP note. References Chen, C. Y., Yang, Y. H., Lee, C. P., Wang, T. Y., Cheng, B. H., Huang, Y. C.,… Chen, V. C. H. (2017). Risk of depression following uterine cancer: A nationwide population-based study. Psycho-Oncology , 26 (11), 1770-1776. Smith, H. R. (2015). Depression in cancer patients: Pathogenesis, implications and treatment. Oncology Letters , 9 (4), 1509-1514. Theunissen, M., Peters, M. L., Schepers, J., Schoot, D. C., Gramke, H. F., & Marcus, M. A. (2017). Prevalence and predictors of depression and well-being after hysterectomy: An observational study. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology , 217 , 94-100. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The symposium consisted of two panel discussions that were introduced by the leading figures in the field. The first part of the discussion addressed the role of science in advancing the treatment of dementia, moderated by Christine Kovner with the participation of Ab Brody and Bei Wu. The second topic highlighted the reducing chronic disease disparities in vulnerable older adults moderated by Vicki Dickson and assisted by Billy Caceres and Tina Sadarangani. In the first part of the symposium, Wu presented her program of research in dementia and oral care. Moreover, the scientist discussed her extensive research on healthy aging and longevity. Another participant of the first panel, Brody, focused on his program on dementia and caregiver support. Brody also highlighted the research he had performed in the evolving field in medicine, palliative care (NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing, 2018). The researcher’s further discussion involved the long-term engagement with HIGN that started with the undergraduate program at NYU and served as the basis for his geriatric training and research program. Furthermore, the second part included the speeches of NYU Meyers Ph.D. graduates Sadarangani and Caceres, who discussed the examination of the vulnerable population groups with chronic diseases. The emphasis was on the lifelong multifactorial influences that caused health issues in one’s adulthood or facilitated their sustainability in aging. To sum up, the 2018 Nursing Research Symposium demonstrated the significant amount of efforts that was guided and encouraged through the gerontological opportunities and competence of HIGN and NYU Meyers. As described by Dickson, the symposium highlighted the innovative research undertaken at HIGN by nurse scientists from beginners to experts in this area. A particularly relevant part was the discussion of the interdisciplinary teams and mentorship, specifically the unique access to experts the institute provided for its students and faculty. References Fain, J. (2017). Reading, understanding, and applying nursing research (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis. NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing. (2018). Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing Research Symposium 2018 . (2018). [Video file]. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Analysis of Bosch Dishwasher Manual Essay The present essay analyzes a manual for the use of a dishwasher developed by Bosch. The first positive characteristic of this manual is that it contains a lot of illustrations that make it easier to understand how to use the dishwasher. For instance, the manual depicts how to add rinse aid, arrange crockery in the dishwasher, and remove baskets (Bosch, n.d.). Thus, the manual is focused on its audience, who is not expected to know very well how to use the dishwasher. Besides, the section on the installation of the machine is not detailed and contains only fundamental suggestions. Hence, the authors of the manual expect it to be installed by professionals. Another reason that proves that this manual focuses on the audience is that the largest part of the text is presented in the form of bullet points. Therefore, a user could easily and quickly find all necessary information in the manual. The manual is problem-oriented, purposeful, and persuasive because it addresses precise issues that users might face. For example, it explains how to select the right program for specific types of crockery and food remains, cancel and stop the program, and check the condition of the machine. Even though the text is written without technical terminology, the manual remains professional. This conclusion is based on the fact that in the instruction, one could find answers to a wide range of specific questions. The manual contains instructions on how to use the dishwasher, take care of it, install, dispose of wastes, and what to do in case of a failure. As it has already been mentioned, the examined manual is designed-centered. It contains numerous illustrations, schemes, and bullet points that make it easy to read. What is more, near the paragraphs with warnings, a related sign is inserted. The exclamation point in a red triangle draws the attention of a reader and makes him or her focus on the content of the section. The manual is also logical: the first section is dedicated to the components of the dishwasher; in the second one, the manual tells the audience how to put tableware in it. Afterward, there is information on how to add water softener, salt, and rinse aid. Finally, the manual explains how to take care of the device and how to act in case of a problem. In spite of the previously mentioned advantages of Boschs manual on the dishwasher, it could not be regarded as research- and technology-oriented. Undoubtedly, the instructions explain how to use such a technological development as a dishwasher. Still, it contains no signs of focusing on some specific technologies or research. It does not contain any references or explain how the dishwasher is working in detail. Nonetheless, this information is superfluous for ordinary people who only need to know how to switch it on and off and take care of it. The manual is ethical because it is objective, integrated, and was created by competent authors. Furthermore, this manual is ethical because it follows the rules of intellectual property protection and does not steal instructions from other producers. Another point on ethics, it that the authors are held responsible for the information that the manual contains. By publishing this manual, the company ensures that this information is reliable. Finally, the manual reveals no conflicts of interest or bias. References Bosch (n.d.). Dishwasher: Instructions to use. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Reasons and Justifications of the ‘Middle East’ Naming Research Paper The name ‘Middle East’ is a common name for everyone, yet it is not understood in full by most people around the world. The name ‘Middle East’ needs to be clearly defined worldwide because of the controversy that the name ‘Middle East’ evokes among the people. In fact, it is thought by some people that such name as the Middle East does not exist. Therefore, to prove the existence of the ‘Middle East’, several questions have to be answered as well as identify those who named the place, and the reasons behind its naming. This paper is, therefore, an in-depth analysis of the ‘Middle East’, by trying to give reasons and justifications of its naming. Later in the paper, the effects of holding the name will be discussed with more emphasis on how it affects the GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) states. Several years ago, such names as “Near East” and ‘The West’ were given to the place currently known as the Middle East. Normally, geographical locations are used in defining and naming various regions. However, the naming of the Middle East has proved to be difficult even with geographical locations. Geographically, the Middle East is located in the Southwestern part of Asia and in the North Eastern side of Africa (Bilgin, 2004, p.27). This area lies in between Europe and East Asia commonly referred to as the Far East. As such, it includes nations such as Cyprus, Gaza, Israel, Iran, Turkey, Lebanon, Egypt, Iran, and other nations in the Arabian Peninsula including Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Saudi Arabia, along with Yemen. This list of countries making up the ‘Middle East’ is not conclusive because different writers and historians have different thoughts regarding the number of countries to be included in that list. For instance, some have included Egypt and Libya in the Middle East nations, while others have omitted these countries. One would wonder why there has been the cause of disagreement in the term ‘Middle East’ for such a long time. As such, most international organizations have campaigned for the acceptance of the name ‘Middle East’ given its familiarity among people. On the other hand, there are those who claim that the name of the place is purely symbolic. Hence, another name should be adopted to replace the name ‘Middle East’. The research done indicates that nations located in the Middle East suffer from economic and social effects because of the fact that the ‘Middle East’ is associated with the Arab World, as such, all countries that are united by one name are thought to be of the Arabic culture (Essaid, 2009, p.1). Nevertheless, this is not true because there are other countries associated with the ‘Middle East’ but that are not of Arabic culture. It is interesting to note that the term is also misunderstood even by the people who are living in the region (Essaid, 2009, p.1). Many writers and historians have tried to popularize the term ‘Middle East’ in a bid to have it globally accepted. Among numerous writers is Alfred Thayer whose article popularized ‘Middle East’ in the year 1902. His intention was strategic since most of the super power nations, such as Great Britain and the United States of America had refrained from supporting the ‘Middle East’ nations given the controversy in its name. This impact can be evidenced even up to date. Before oil was recovered in the Middle East, the term had been used to refer to the region in the midway of the two important regions of the world. However, currently, the Middle East has been broadly redefined to include the Gulf Cooperation Council states, such as North Africa, Iraq, Iran, as well as Levant (Pappé, 2005). This is the mostly understood and accepted definition of the term ‘Middle East’ as viewed by the western nations, political leaders, and international bodies. However, the naming of the Middle East has significantly affected the GCC nations in terms of the economic analysis. Most often than not, Middle East nations are now believed to start mingling with the Indian continent, thus, becoming an obstacle for those who want to do business with the GCC states. It is clearly evidenced by the fact that the trade between GCC nations and Asia is far much better and beneficial than the trade with the Arab world. As such, the GCC nations can be considered as being part of the West Asia given the good relationship they have with India and China. Recent statistics shows that much of the energy used in China’s manufacturing firms originates from the GCC states (Molavi, 2011, p.1). It can, therefore, be concluded that the name ‘Middle East’ should not be changed since it totally suits the region named. It is, nonetheless, expected that the nations located in the Middle East must be well defined, which will not only solve the controversy in the naming but it will also create an understanding of what it entails for the entire world. Reference List Bilgin, P. (2004). Whose ‘Middle East’? Geopolitical Inventions and Practices of Security. International Relations, 18 (1), 26-27. Essaid, A. (2009). What is the Middle East? Web. Molavi, A. (2011). ‘ Middle East’ is pulled towards Asia by economics and affinity . Web. Pappé, I. (2005). The Modern Middle East. New York: Routledge. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Based on the documentary and the supposed increase in the number of tornadoes, that are occurring, I have come up with the assumption that the higher amounts of tornadoes are due to the adverse weather conditions brought about by pollution. As such, people within the U.S. should attempt to “go green” to conserve resources and prevent pollutants from entering into the atmosphere, which contributes towards the increase in the number of tornadoes. The concept of going green is based on the process of altering approaches towards the consumption and utilization of resources to ensure a more environmentally friendly method of using and consuming resources. The basis behind this is the assumption that since the Earth is a closed-off ecosystem with a finite amount of resources if nothing is done to conserve and ensure these resources stay replenishable in the long run there may come a time when the Earth will no longer be able to support human civilization. Such an assumption is not without merit as the human population continues to expand, so too does the demand for resources increase. Unfortunately, resources that command the highest demand (wood, freshwater, and food) are only replenishable to a certain extent while, others have a set amount (oil, gas, and certain chemicals) and cannot be replenished at all. It is based on this that we should try to properly conserve resources to make sure that they are there for future generations as well as to prevent the current adverse weather conditions we are experiencing at the present. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
This essay will show that the critique of comparative education can be explained by its multidisciplinary nature and the use of various research methods which appear to be inconsistent. Nonetheless, the findings derived in such a way can still be of great use for understanding international policy trends in education. Moreover, they can help policy-makers improve the work of educational institutions. This is the main argument that should be explained and illustrated in this paper. First, one should note that comparative education strongly relies on other academic fields, for instance, psychology, political science, economics, sociology, history, or even anthropology (Cook, Hite, & Epstein 2004, p. 133). Although, these disciplines can be called social sciences, they employ different research methods, and they have different assumptions about the behavior of people and their decisions. Thus, the question arises whether these methods and assumptions of these sciences can be reconciled and whether these differences undermine the validity of comparative education as an academic field. Moreover, one can say that comparative education does not actually exist as a separate field. Most likely, it is only a part of other social sciences. However, this multidisciplinary approach is typical of many academic fields, and it can produce good results. One should bear in mind that by relying on different disciplines the researchers can better explain the decisions that people take. Similarly, by using different research methods scholars can validate various theories or hypotheses. This approach can very fruitful if a researcher wants to examine international policy trends in education. In order to examine such trends, a researcher should be versed in political science, anthropology, decision-theory, history, and other social sciences. By looking at the same questions from various perspectives, one can better the factors that shape educational policies of different countries and identify common patterns. This is one of the arguments in favor of comparative education. Additionally, this science is aimed at improving the experiences of students and teachers. This goal unifies various kinds of studies that are conducted in this area (Biraimah 2003, p. 443). For instance, this discipline can identify the factors that shaped education systems in different countries such as England or France (Broadfoot et al 2000). Moreover, such studies can explain how teachers from different countries approach their tasks and why they act in a specific way. For instance, in some countries such as France, teachers have a more formal attitude toward their duties, while in England teachers tend to establish more personal relationships with pupils (Broadfoot et al 2000, p. 240). Such a discussion can help educators find those instructional models and approaches that best fit a certain country. This example illustrates one of the questions examined by the researchers who study comparative education. Furthermore, comparative education can be very useful for identifying the best instructional models, academic standards, and policies of educational institutions that have already been used in different countries. This is why comparative education can still be regarded as a useful tool for examining the international policy trends in education. Thus, despite some internal inconsistencies of comparative education, it can still be used for examining the similarities and differences between educational policies and standards adopted in different countries. Most importantly, this discipline has the ultimate goal of improving the work of teachers and students. This is why this discipline. References Biraimah, K. L. (2003). Transforming Education, Transforming Ourselves: Contributions and Lessons Learned. Comparative Education Review, 47 (4), 423-443. Broadfoot, P., Osborn, M., Planel, C. & Sharpe, K. (2000). Primary schooling in England and France: The importance of the national context. In Promoting Quality in Learning: Does England Have the Answer? (pp: 38-51). Cassell: London. Cook, B. J., Hite, S. J., & Epstein, E. H. (2004). Discerning Trends, Contours, and Boundaries in Comparative Education: A Survey of Comparativists and Their Literature. Comparative Education Review, 48 (2), 123 – 149. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Gender in Peace Corps Volunteer’s Work Report (Assessment) Cultural traditions and customs influence many aspects of society, including gender norms and roles. In many cultures, men and women are perceived as equal due to the influence of feminism. However, in some cultures, patriarchy is still prevalent, and both men and women are expected to conform to certain gender roles. Knowledge of cultural norms and relations concerning gender can help to ensure safety and promote successful integration. For example, when traveling to countries famous for their strict Muslim traditions, it is recommended that women avoid wearing revealing clothes. Being aware of and respecting local traditions with regards to gender can also help visitors to be more confident because they will be able to take part in more activities and discussions without feeling excluded. In order to understand gender norms and relations that may affect the success of my work, I intend to rely on three strategies. First of all, reading about gender in Islamic culture would help me to avoid saying or doing things that upset other people. For example, readings can highlight behaviors that are perceived to be inappropriate for both men and women and refrain from them. Secondly, I will also try and connect with local residents, including my counterparts. People from the local culture can be a valuable source of knowledge about gender norms and traditions that affect their society. Thus, I could ask them for advice when faced with a challenging situation or ask them general questions about gender roles. Thirdly, I could also discuss gender norms with other Peace Corps Volunteers and share knowledge. This would be useful, as they might have different background knowledge and experience. Sharing information would help to create a solid knowledge base that would be beneficial to all partaking volunteers. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Disruptive Technology and Its Implications Essay The embracement of technology in various sectors has been associated with enhanced methods of doing business, which, in turn, has led to increased productivity. The use of gadgets such as smartphones and tablets has introduced an innovative way of communication among people and organizations. However, these technologies have had their share of disadvantages due to their disruptive nature. Currently, social ties are threatened because smartphones and other Internet-enabled innovations have disrupted the need for physical interaction among people. Consequently, as this paper reveals, despite creating an avenue for people across the world to interact online and in real-time, these inventions have not only forced individuals to ignore their relationships with others but also compromised issues related to privacy and security. The contemporary technology-dominated society has been introduced to a new norm whereby people in a gathering find themselves focused on their smartphones and tablets, despite the apparent need for initiating a one-on-one dialogue with one another. According to an article by MacLean et al., young people are presented as the most affected class of technology consumers who choose to express themselves through “mobile phone texts, status updates, and chat messages via multiple social networking sites and wireless communication methods” (778) instead of taking the initiative of communicating physically to their friends, peers, and families. As a result, their extensive use of smartphones denies them the opportunity of understanding the way they relate with these groups of people. In the past, instances of relatives marrying each other were rare because many people were familiar with their extended family members because they frequently interacted physically. However, the advent of digital platforms has made it almost impossible for adolescents to recognize their close relatives such as cousins because they hardly interrelate on a face-to-face basis (Dissing et al. 3). As a result, the use of smartphones has ended up ruining family ties because it has eliminated the need for social gatherings where relatives would get a chance to physically meet and socialize with one another. Technology has also compromised the privacy and security of people and institutions. According to Bray, efforts by learning institutions to embrace technologies such as Google Apps for Education (GAFE) have been counterproductive due to claims regarding the unwarranted move to utilize students’ personal information for business gains (38). Individuals and businesses that wish to establish long-term relationships with their clients emphasize the need for ensuring the privacy and security of any information shared. However, with the onset of gadgets such as smartphones, it has been challenging to guarantee information confidentiality not only in the U.S. but also in other countries around the globe. Technology experts have gone ahead to develop software and applications that are capable of retrieving classified details with a view to using such contents for advertising purposes to boost their companies’ productivity (Bray 38). Despite the initial goal of deploying technology to enhance business performance, instances of information insecurity ruin organizations’ relationships with customers who end up renouncing their loyalty. This decision is founded on clients’ fear of having their confidential contents used to serve other hidden agendas. Conclusively, technology has been adopted extensively due to its capacity to enhance business operations and people’s level of interaction. However, it has been associated with various disadvantages, including its interruption of people’s relationships, privacy, and security. As such, experts may need to come up with more inventions that can seal these gaps to ensure that technology serves its intended role of boosting interactions among individuals and businesses. Works Cited Bray, Marty. “Going Google: Privacy Considerations in a Connected World.” Knowledge Quest, vol. 44, no. 4, 2016, pp. 36-41. Dissing, Agnete S., et al. “Measuring Social Integration and Tie Strength with Smartphone and Survey Data.” PLoS ONE, vol. 13, no. 8, 2018, pp. 1-14. MacLean, Ross, et al. “Digital Peer Interactions Affect Risk Taking in Young Adults.” Journal of Research on Adolescence, vol. 24, no. 4, 2014, pp. 772-780. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
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