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Vyjeyanthi S. Periyakoil|Eric Neri|Helena C. Kraemer

No Easy Task: A Mixed Methods Study of Barriers to Conducting Effective End-Of-Life Conversations Reported by Multi-Specialty Doctors (S776)

Palo Alto University|Stanford University|Stanford University|Palo Alto University|Stanford University

gain initial understanding current state gap patients desire discuss endoflife issues doctors often reluctant soidentify top six barriers conducting effective endoflife conversations diverse patients familiesgain initial understanding clinicians age ethnicity gender subspecialty may impact care provide though patients wish discuss endoflife eol issues doctors reluctant conduct eol conversations identify barriers doctors face conducting eol conversations diverse patients determine doctors age gender ethnicity subspecialty influenced barriers reported mixed methods study doctors caring diverse seriously ill patients two large academic medical centers end training 1040 1234 potential subjects 843 participated 29 participants designated development cohort qualitative analyses using grounded theory methods identify primary barriers codes validated analyzing responses 50 randomly drawn subjects validation cohort n996 doctors 001 doctors denied barriers conducting eol conversations patients 9999 doctors reported barriers 857 finding challenging conduct eol conversations especially patients whose ethnicity different asianamerican doctors reported struggles 913 followed africanamericans 853 caucasians 835 hispanicamericans 793 barriers included languagemedical interpretation issues patientfamily religiospiritual beliefs doctors ignorance patients cultural values patientfamilys cultural differences truth handling decision making limited health literacy patients mistrust doctors doctors ethnicity chisquare1277 df4 p00125 medicalsubspecialty chisquare1933 df10 p0036 influenced reported barriers friedmans test used examine ranking barriers across subgroups identified significant differences age f statistic3035 df5 p00001 medical subspecialty f statistic1637 df5 p00001 doctors struggle conducting effective eol conversations especially patients whose ethnicity different

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2018.06.003

Ramona L. Rhodes|Tori Knox-Rice

The Evaluation of Health Literacy, Spiritual Coping, and Advance Care Planning Following a Culturally Sensitive Intervention for African American Cancer Patients (FR421A)

The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center|The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

present results pilotintervention designed increase advance care planning acp engagement within african american cancer populationdescribe investigation health literacy religious coping context acp intention assessing barriers impact completion advance directives prior investigations disparities advance care planning acp among african americans aas suggest need develop interventions increase engagement acp process test intervention designed increase awareness intention complete advance directives ad medical power attorney mpoa among cohort aa cancer patients aa breast lung colon prostate cancer patients stage ii iii iv randomized intervention versus usual care control group intervention participants met aa lay health advisor lha facilitated viewing video addressed barriers completion acp subsequent discussion change stage intent complete admpoa measured transtheoretical stages change model linear regression conducted evaluate whether intervention associated change stage intent complete acp baseline 1month assessment cancer health literacy religious coping analyzed potential moderators fiftysix patients enrolled 28 intervention group 28 control group majority patients 71 found high cancerrelated health literacy high religious coping 53 intervention associated progression stage intent complete ads one month b 083 t47 279 p 0007 versus controls increased intent appoint mpoa 1 month statistically significant health literacy religious coping associated change intention culturally sensitive intervention associated progression stage intent complete ads 1month followup assessment health literacy religious coping considered moderators

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101564

Ellaisha Samari|Esmond Seow|Boon Yiang Chua|Hui Lin Ong|Edimansyah Abdin|Siow Ann Chong|Mythily Subramaniam

Stigma towards people with mental disorders: Perspectives of nursing students

Institute of Mental Health|Institute of Mental Health|Institute of Mental Health|Institute of Mental Health|Institute of Mental Health|Institute of Mental Health|Institute of Mental Health

singapore nursing students relatively low endorsements stigmatizing attitudes towards people mental disordersthose clinical placements relatively higher stigmatizing attitudes versus withoutnursing students attitudes towards people mental disorders varies according type disorders stigma towards people mental disorders highly prevalent often leads negative impact lives alonso et al 2008alonso j buron bruffaerts r posadavilla j lepine j et alassociation perceived stigma mood anxiety disorders results world mental health surveysacta psychiatrica scandinavica 2008 118 305314httpsdoiorg101111j16000447200801241xcrossref pubmed scopus 170 google scholar corrigan watson 2006corrigan pw watson paradox selfstigma mental illnessclinical psychology science practice 2006 9 3553httpsdoiorg101093clipsy9135crossref google scholar according world health organization 2001world health organization world health report mental health new understanding world health organization new hope geneva2001httpwwwwhointwhr2001enwhr01enpdfua1google scholar stigma signifies mark shame disgrace disapproval negative consequences stigmatizing attitudes include rejected discriminated excluded participating number different areas society furthermore stigmatized affects psychological wellbeing development people mental disorders also acts significant barrier seeking accessing adherence treatment link phelan 2006link b phelan j stigma public health implicationsthe lancet 2006 367 528529httpsdoiorg101016s0140673606681841abstract full text full text pdf pubmed scopus 0 google scholar prior research studies generally revealed continued misconceptions mental disorders amongst various populations review population studies angermeyer dietrich 2006angermeyer dietrich public beliefs attitudes towards people mental illness review population studiesacta psychiatrica scandinavica 2006 113 163179httpsdoiorg101111j16000447200500699xcrossref pubmed scopus 743 google scholar found significant proportion public unable recognize specific mental disorders respective causes also perceived people mental disorders unpredictable dangerous perceptions contributed increasing desire distance people mental disorders notably research also shown presence hierarchy stigma within mental disorders diagnoses stigmatizing attitudes directed towards people schizophrenia compared mental disorders mood anxiety disorders griffiths et al 2006griffiths km nakane christensen h yoshioka k jorm nakane h stigma response mental disorders comparison australia japanbmc psychiatry 2006 6httpsdoiorg1011861471244x621crossref google scholar stigmatizing attitudes towards people mental disorders restricted uninformed members general public healthcare professionals also endorse stereotypical beliefs people mental disorders jorm korten jacomb christensen henderson 1999jorm af korten ae jacomb pa christensen h henderson attitudes towards people mental disorder survey australian public health professionalsaustralian new zealand journal psychiatry 1999 33 7783httpsdoiorg101046j14401614199900513xcrossref pubmed scopus 263 google scholar ross goldner 2009ross c goldner e stigma negative attitudes discrimination towards mental illness within nursing profession review literaturejournal psychiatric mental health nursing 2009 16 558567httpsdoiorg101111j13652850200901399xcrossref pubmed scopus 249 google scholar stigmatizing attitudes amongst mental healthcare professionals act barriers seeking treatment hence need broken essentially healthcare professionals especially nurses play key role mental healthcare system harborne jones 2008harborne g jones supplementary prescribing new way working psychiatrists nursespsychiatric bulletin 2008 32 136139httpsdoiorg101192pbbp107016311crossref scopus 6 google scholar frontline healthcare responsible bulk direct care patients baker richards campbell 2005baker j richards campbell nursing attitudes towards acute mental health care development measurement tooljournal advanced nursing 2005 49 522529httpsdoiorg101111j13652648200403325xcrossref pubmed scopus 44 google scholar profound effect therapeutic relationship well treatment outcomes patients interact furthermore given high contact experience patients nurses well positioned ameliorate stigmatizing attitudes amongst public happell 2005happell b mental health nursing challenging stigma discrimination towards people experiencing mental illnessinternational journal mental health nursing 2005 14 1httpsdoiorg101111j14400979200500339xcrossref pubmed scopus 15 google scholar harbouring negative views towards people mental disorders may thus challenging would influence way nurses view patients nature work enarsson sandman hellzen 2007enarsson p sandman p hellzen preservation order use common approach among staff toward clients longterm psychiatric carequalitative health research 2007 17 718729httpsdoiorg1011771049732307302668crossref pubmed scopus 17 google scholar may affect role advocate reducing stigma also hinder development therapeutic relationship patients kameg mitchell clochesy howard suresky 2009kameg k mitchell clochesy j howard v suresky j communication human patient simulation psychiatric nursingissues mental health nursing 2009 30 503508httpsdoiorg10108001612840802601366crossref pubmed scopus 59 google scholar therefore nursing education placements carry great responsibilities shaping attitudes held nursing students towards people mental disorders providing enough depth exposure theoretical practical knowledge positive attitude towards mental health nursing could expected would subsequently prepare nursing profession mental health field happell 1999happell b wants psychiatric nurse novice student nurses interest psychiatric nursingjournal psychiatric mental health nursing 1999 6 479484httpsdoiorg101046j13652850199900249xcrossref pubmed scopus 46 google scholar whether nursing students eventually pursue career psychiatric nursing areas nursing would likely encounter patients mental disorders practice front thus imperative nurses positive attitude towards patients mental disorders furthermore discovering extent stigma fundamental gaining insights current stereotypes could subsequently addressed clarified nursing education placements ultimately understanding nursing students attitudes would aid shaping nursing education singapore twentyone accredited nursing programmes december 2015 singapore nursing board 2016singapore nursing board annual report 2015httpwwwhealthprofessionalsgovsgcontentdamhprofsnbdocspublicationssnb20annual20report202015203020aug202016pdfdate 2016google scholar including degree nursing diploma nursing others mental health nursing curriculum differs across programmes based objectives set students nonetheless nursing students across programmes required complete mental health module subsequently undergo clinical placement mental health facility nursing students typically undergo placements tertiary psychiatric hospital span two weeks inpatient ward setting acute care long stay ward recent populationwide study explored extent stigmatizing attitudes towards people mental disorders singapore subramaniam et al 2016subramaniam abdin e picco l pang shafie vaingankar j et alstigma towards people mental illness components perspective multi ethnic singaporeepidemiology psychiatric sciences 2016 112httpsdoiorg101017s2045796016000159crossref google scholar previous study compared attitudes amongst nursing students across different types mental disorders examined extent stigma amongst nursing students singapore towards people mental disorders furthermore limited number studies examined nursing students attitudes towards people mental disorders across various types mental disorders asia study could thus contribute dearth research region using vignette approach present study aims examine extent overall stigma towards people mental disorders depression obsessive compulsive disorder ocd schizophrenia dementia alcohol abuse well ii examine factors correlate stigma dimensions amongst nursing student population singapore crosssectional study online web survey tool questionpro used collect data sample nursing students singapore ethical approval granted national healthcare group domain specific review board singapore target population included students four public nursing institutions singapore permissions granted corresponding institutions mass email invitations sent nursing students invite partake study enclosed email link directed potential participants online portal screening questions asked assess suitability study included participants course study nationality academic year institution participation quota based institutions academic years order eligible study participants nursing students enrolled public nursing institution singapore recruitment period april 2016 july 2016 singapore citizen permanent resident meet inclusion criteria received automatic email notifying ineligibility study met inclusion criteria directed online consent form participation voluntary clicking agree button participants indicated willingness participate study upon completion participants reimbursed inconvenience fee participants randomly assigned one five vignettes describing person mental disorder alcohol abuse ii dementia iii depression iv ocd v schizophrenia vignettes adapted used prior studies depression schizophrenia vignettes adapted jorm et al 1997jorm af korten ae jacomb pa christensen h rodgers b pollitt p mental health literacy survey publics ability recognize mental disorders beliefs effectiveness treatmentmedical journal australia 1997 166 182186crossref pubmed scopus 1109 google scholar alcohol abuse dementia ocd vignettes adapted subramaniam et al 2016subramaniam abdin e picco l pang shafie vaingankar j et alstigma towards people mental illness components perspective multi ethnic singaporeepidemiology psychiatric sciences 2016 112httpsdoiorg101017s2045796016000159crossref google scholar participants asked indicate attitudes towards person described assigned vignette using two different scales personal perceived scale depression stigma scale dss griffiths christensen jorm evans groves 2004griffiths km christensen h jorm af evans k groves c effect webbased depression literacy cognitivebehavioural therapy interventions stigmatizing attitudes depression randomised controlled trialbritish journal psychiatry 2004 185 342349crossref pubmed scopus 498 google scholar social distance scale sds link phelan bresnahan stueve pescosolido 1999link b phelan j bresnahan stueve pescosolido b public conceptions mental illness labels causes dangerousness social distanceamerican journal public health 1999 89 13281333httpsdoiorg102105ajph8991328crossref pubmed google scholar depression stigma scale dss griffiths christensen jorm evans groves 2004griffiths km christensen h jorm af evans k groves c effect webbased depression literacy cognitivebehavioural therapy interventions stigmatizing attitudes depression randomised controlled trialbritish journal psychiatry 2004 185 342349crossref pubmed scopus 498 google scholar two subscales personal perceived stigma developed measure stigma towards people mental disorders subscale nine items asks respondents personal stigma scale beliefs others attitudes perceived stigma scale towards person described depression vignette although originally designed measure stigma towards depression scale also used measure stigma towards disorders described relevant vignettes eight nine items personal stigma scale used study excluding one item would vote politician knew mental disorder ratings item measured 5point likert scale 1 strongly agree 2 agree 3 neither agree disagree 4 disagree 5 strongly disagree higher scores suggest stigmatizing attitude cronbachs personal stigma scale 0647 social distance scale sds link phelan bresnahan stueve pescosolido 1999link b phelan j bresnahan stueve pescosolido b public conceptions mental illness labels causes dangerousness social distanceamerican journal public health 1999 89 13281333httpsdoiorg102105ajph8991328crossref pubmed google scholar used assess respondents selfreported willingness contact person depicted vignette specifically respondents rated willingness 1 move next door person vignette 2 spend evening socialising person 3 make friends person 4 work closely job person 5 person marry family ratings item measured 4point scale 1 definitely unwilling 2 probably unwilling 3 probably willing 4 definitely willing lower scores suggest greater social distance desired respondents cronbachs scale 0827 similar vignettebased approach measurement tool used previous populationbased study conducted subramaniam et al 2016subramaniam abdin e picco l pang shafie vaingankar j et alstigma towards people mental illness components perspective multi ethnic singaporeepidemiology psychiatric sciences 2016 112httpsdoiorg101017s2045796016000159crossref google scholar singapore factor analysis done measurement tools suggested twofactor structure depression stigma scale weaknotsick dangerousunreliable consistent study done yap mackinnon reavley jorm 2014yap mackinnon reavley n jorm measurement properties stigmatizing attitudes towards mental illness results two community surveysinternational journal methods psychiatric research 2014 23 4961httpsdoiorg101002mpr1433crossref pubmed scopus 77 google scholar onefactor structure social distance scale social distance first dimension weak sick comprised three items ps1ps3 items describe problem person depicted vignette experiencing form personal weakness within hisher control opposed medical condition subsequent four items ps4 ps5 ps6 ps8 formed second dimension dangerousunpredictable items describe person depicted vignette one dangerous best avoided third dimension social distance comprised five items social distance scale sd1sd5 loaded strongly single factor following aforementioned populationbased study total score three dimensions calculated summing items dimension dangerousunpredictable dimension item ps7 problem like vignette would tell anyone excluded calculation 5 items social distance factor reversed coded summed together higher scores dimension represent stigmatizing attitudes towards mental illness ibm spss statistics version 23 used conduct statistical analyses study mean standard error mean calculated continuous variables frequencies percentages calculated categorical variables descriptive analyses items personal perceived stigma scale recoded grouped three categories agree neither agree disagree agree items agree strongly agree combined agree disagree strongly disagree combined disagree items social distance scale recoded binary responses willing unwilling items definitely willing willing combined willing definitely unwilling unwilling combined unwilling ttests oneway anova tests conducted identify differences mean scores three stigma dimensions across variables gender ethnicity education level monthly household income clinical placement experience lectures psychiatry type vignette administered whether family friends ever problems similar person described vignette multivariate linear regressions also conducted examine associations aforementioned variables stigma dimensions towards people mental disorders listwise deletion used handle missing data statistically significant results reported p 005 500 nursing students 83 male 417 female aged 16 35 years old 201 sd 31 completed study table 1 presents sociodemographic characteristics participantstable 1sociodemographic characteristics study samplenagemean 201 yearssd 31gendermale83166female417834ethnicitychinese287574malay134268indian60120others1938current educationdegree100200diploma others400800average monthly household income per capita past 1 yearbelow sgd2000158316sgd2000 5999248496sgd6000 above94188clinical placement experienceyes303606no197394lecturesyes424848no76152vignette typedepression100200ocd100200alcohol abuse100200dementia100200schizophrenia100200family close circle friends ever problems similar person described vignetteyes125250no375750 open table new tab seen table 2a percentage difference participants agree disagree item within weak sick dimension shows larger number participants endorsed stigmatizing attitudes items ps1 compared items ps2 ps3 specifically participants agreed people problem like x could get better wanted ps1772 however participants less likely agree problem like x sign personal weakness ps223 xs problem real medical illness ps3172table 2aitem endorsement depression stigma scale personal stigmadisagreeneither agree disagreeagreennnweak sick dimensionps1 people problem like x could get better wanted to479467134386772ps2 problem like xs sign personal weakness219438166332115230ps3 xs problem real medical illness28256413226486172dangerousunpredictable dimensionps4 people problem like xs dangerous others26152214629293186ps5 best avoid people problem like xs dont also get problem412824631262550ps6 people problem like xs unpredictable107214158316235470ps7 problem like xs would tell anyone232464161322107214ps8 would employ someone knew problem like x22745418136292184 open table new tab table 2a also shows larger number participants endorsed stigmatizing attitudes items ps6 compared rest items within dangerousunpredictable dimension specifically participants agreed people problem like xs unpredictable ps6470 however participants less likely agree person described vignette dangerous others ps4186 best avoided order avoid contracting disorder ps55 also less likely agree would tell someone similar problem ps7214 would employ someone problem ps8184 table 2b reports endorsement stigmatizing statements social distance dimension reports percentage participants either willing unwilling make social contact person described vignette item scale general larger percentage participants willing social contact saying willing move next door sd1748 spend evening sd2726 make friends sd3882 work closely job someone mental disorder sd4698 however social interaction participants unwilling engage person mental disorder marry family sd566 unwillingtable 2bitem endorsement social distance scale social distancesocial distance dimensionunwillingwillingnnsd1 willing would move next door x126252374748sd2 willing would spend evening x137274363726sd3 willing would make friends x59118441882sd4 willing would x start working closely job151302349698sd5 willing would x marry family330660170340 open table new tab descriptive values three established dimensions stigma weak sick dangerousunpredictable social distance across sociodemographic groups reported table 3 higher mean scores denote higher level stigma three dimensionstable 3descriptive statistics stigma dimensions sociodemographic factorsweak sickdangerousunpredictablesocial distancemeanahigher mean scores denote higher level stigmasep valuemeanahigher mean scores denote higher level stigmasep valuemeanahigher mean scores denote higher level stigmasep valueoverall90100096103200119112260117gender male88400220045210482031905451075902910075 female90400110102880128113190127ethnicity chinese86900126000010216016103421130701600082 malay96790171106340214108730202 indian92670286100170354112500351 others82110527106320636124210520average monthly household income per capita past 1 year sgd200091710169002510304021603511086702010058 sgd2000599991050130104560166114920170 sgd6000 above8468024799890280111280265current education degree7920024200009860024400531107002410506 diploma others92770100104350135112650133clinical placement experience yes91090121018510528016000301143601500026 no88480158100000173109040185attended psychiatry lecture yes90450099034210276013003831121001250746 no87890312105660300113160325vignette type depression9200023400159680022900001071002700000 ocd8860019590000246105300246 alcohol abuse95600206112700287117600239 dementia86100233107000247110300252 schizophrenia88000196109500254121000269family close circle friends ever problems similar person described vignette yes8584022200119808023800131030402430000 no91470104104910137115330130a higher mean scores denote higher level stigma open table new tab multivariate linear regression analyses reported table 4 shows correlates variables predicting three factors stigma mentioned participants malay 0578 p 005 received depression 0597 p 005 alcohol abuse 0759 p 005 vignette significantly associated higher weak sick scores pursuing degree nursing 1175 p 005 whose family close circle friends ever problems similar person described vignette 0457 p 005 significantly associated lower weak sick scores participants pursuing degree nursing 0639 p 005 attended psychiatry lectures 0916 p 005 lower dangerousunpredictable scores male participants 0711 p 005 received dementia vignette 0817 p 005 whose family close circle friends ever problems similar person described vignette 1003 p 005 significantly associated lower social distance scores interestingly participants presented either depression 1072 p 005 1019 p 005 ocd vignette 1879 p 005 1495 p 005 associated lower dangerousunpredictable scores social distance scores participants attended clinical placements 0822 p 005 0730 p 005 associated significantly higher dangerousunpredictable social distance scorestable 4multivariate linear regression analyses variables predicting stigma dimensionsweak sickdangerousunpredictablesocial distance95 confidence intervalp value95 confidence intervalp value95 confidence intervalp valuegender male020606980286041200920510069407640711130701150020 femalerefrefrefethnicity malay057801311025001102210326076904280525106700170058 indian030502890899031305601287016701310356107603630331 others063615960323019303380837151305721158000523210051 chineserefrefrefaverage monthly household income per capita past 1 year sgd2000016603800711055100860582075408010367102802940276 sgd20005999016703350669051303450270096002710287032208950355 sgd6000 aboverefrefrefcurrent education degree117516760674000006391253002600410452105801550144 diploma othersrefrefrefclinical placement experience yes040400360845007208220283136100030730019712640007 norefrefrefattended psychiatry lecture yes015907560437060009161646018600140719144200040051 norefrefrefvignette type depression059700101184004610721790035400041019173003080005 ocd010704650678071418792579118000001495218708030000 alcohol abuse075901861331001003080394100903890272096604220442 dementia002706100555092700320745068109300817152301120023 schizophreniarefrefreffamily close circle friends ever problems similar person described vignette yes045708890025003805211050000800541003152604790000 norefrefref open table new tab main purpose study examine extent overall stigma towards people mental disorders depression ocd schizophrenia dementia alcohol abuse factors significantly correlated stigma dimensions amongst nursing student population singapore general results study encouraging showed evidence relatively low endorsement stigmatizing attitudes towards people mental disorders within nursing student population fact compared larger singapore population subramaniam et al 2016subramaniam abdin e picco l pang shafie vaingankar j et alstigma towards people mental illness components perspective multi ethnic singaporeepidemiology psychiatric sciences

https://doi.org/10.1097/01.hj.0000293290.02251.08

Y-S Yap

Outcomes in breast cancer—does ethnicity matter?

Duke-NUS Medical School|National University of Singapore|National Cancer Centre Singapore

ethnic differences bc outcomes though data limiteddrivers disparities include socioeconomic determinants well differing host tumor biologydissection intrinsic drivers extrinsic drivers challenging due complex interplaygreater diversity clinical translational research much needed address gaps knowledge ethnic racial differences breast cancer bc survival outcomes reported current data largely restricted comparisons african americans nonhispanic whites analyses traditionally based selfreported race may always accurate oversimplified classification increasing globalization quantification genetic ancestry genomic data may offer solution infer complex makeup admixture races focusing larger latest studies discuss recent findings differing host tumor biology may driving disparities addition extrinsic environmental lifestyle factors socioeconomic disparities lower cancer literacy may lead late presentation poorer adherence treatment lifestyle factors unhealthy diet obesity inadequate physical activity hardships may also result greater allostatic load turn associated aggressive bc features disadvantaged populations epigenetic reprogramming may mediate effects environment lifestyle factors gene expression ensuing differences bc characteristics outcome increasing evidence germline genetics influence somatic gene alterations expression well modulate tumor immune microenvironment although precise mechanisms remain elusive may account varying distribution different bc subtypes across ethnicities gaps knowledge highlight need interrogate multiomics landscape bc diverse populations ideally largescale collaborative settings standardized methodology comparisons statistically robust together improving bc awareness access good quality health care holistic approach insights biological underpinnings much needed eradicate ethnic disparities bc outcomes ethnic racial differences breast cancer bc survival outcomes reported current data largely restricted comparisons african americans nonhispanic whites analyses traditionally based selfreported race may always accurate oversimplified classification increasing globalization quantification genetic ancestry genomic data may offer solution infer complex makeup admixture races focusing larger latest studies discuss recent findings differing host tumor biology may driving disparities addition extrinsic environmental lifestyle factors socioeconomic disparities lower cancer literacy may lead late presentation poorer adherence treatment lifestyle factors unhealthy diet obesity inadequate physical activity hardships may also result greater allostatic load turn associated aggressive bc features disadvantaged populations epigenetic reprogramming may mediate effects environment lifestyle factors gene expression ensuing differences bc characteristics outcome increasing evidence germline genetics influence somatic gene alterations expression well modulate tumor immune microenvironment although precise mechanisms remain elusive may account varying distribution different bc subtypes across ethnicities gaps knowledge highlight need interrogate multiomics landscape bc diverse populations ideally largescale collaborative settings standardized methodology comparisons statistically robust together improving bc awareness access good quality health care holistic approach insights biological underpinnings much needed eradicate ethnic disparities bc outcomes

https://doi.org/10.1177/216507998903700203

CH

0092867410974172

https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.13608

09567976

https://doi.org/10.1016/s0377-1237(17)30547-6

1

https://doi.org/10.2307/1972992

Carol Flexer

Rationale and use of sound field systems

1 remind sound field amplification sound field amplification exciting educational tool allows control acoustic environment classroom thereby facilitating acoustic accessibility teacher instruction children room1figure flexersound field systems similar small highfidelity wireless publicaddress systems selfcontained classroom teacher wears small wireless microphone mobility restricted positioning remote microphone close teachers mouth desired sound source creates favorable signaltonoise ratio produces nearly uniform speech level throughout room2 since purpose equipment enhance speech perception high frequencies consonants emphasized colleague cheryl deconde johnson suggests appropriate name technology sound field distribution system agree 2 sound field distribution system better term teachers parents acoustical engineers interpret labels sound field amplification classroom amplification mean sounds classroom made louder misunderstanding may give impression sound blasted room thus raising noise levels interfering instruction adjacent rooms provoking anxiety pupils actuality equipment installed used appropriately reverse true amplified teachers voice sound soothing evenly distributed throughout room reach every child room quiets students attend spoken instruction fact listener aware sound distribution ease listening equipment turned overall purpose equipment details spoken instruction continually reach brains pupils 3 mean reaching brains children children rich auditorally designated neural tissue tissue needs stimulation order grow develop3 know learning really brain access subsequent brain growth development therefore spoken instruction worthwhile pupils must actually hear listen words childrens brains process developing listen differently adults 4 ways children listen differently adults children listen way adults two main reasons one auditory neurological network children fully developed age 15 secondly children bring years listening life experience learning situation4 hence children cannot perform automatic auditorycognitive closure missed information way adults mean people fill blanks missed information information already stored brains data bank retrieve yet data banks children need sharper auditory signal adults thus classroom might sound fine adult may woefully inadequate typical children neurologically undeveloped decades language life experience means children require quieter environment louder signal adults order learn5 quieter room distinctive auditory signal better acoustic access childs brain therefore real purpose using technology assist brain development 5 makes sense tell typically happens child hear well classroom hearing problems degreewhether caused hearing loss poor acoustic environment combination twocan interfere childs development spoken language reading writing skills academic performance6 hearing problems described invisible acoustic filter distorts smears eliminates incoming sounds especially sounds distanceeven short distance 6 saying acoustic access spoken languageinstruction directly related literacy absolutely 7 explain related answer question first want review five levels auditory skill development47 detection lowest least sophisticated level detection basic perception sound present obtaining puretone thresholds measurement persons sounddetection ability discrimination involves distinguishing two speech sounds pa ba recognition recognition means selecting target sound known list alternatives closedset task identification openset task involves recognizing target infinite set alternatives comprehension highest level auditory skill development comprehension achieved person answer questions follow directions hold conversations critical note without basic detection none higher levels auditory processing attained therefore comprehension goal classroom instruction basis literacy dependent initial detection individual phonemes comprise spoken message8 sound field distribution systems properly installed used make detection possible every child class remember compared adults children require quieter environment louder signal order learn 8 americas children regarding literacy development year 2000 data showed percentage fourthgrade students reading proficient level identified national assessment governing board nagb goal students increased slightly 32 29 1992 data mean third fourth graders united states read grade level moreover scores nations highest performing students improved years scores lowest performing students declined9 critical importance closing education gap students white students members minorities specifically 2000 40 fourthgrade students white 46 students asianpacific islander could read proficient achievement level9 however 12 students africanamerican 16 students hispanic 17 students native american could read proficient level9 9 knew literacy national priority didnt know faced challenges evidence sound field distribution systems improve literacy development numerous studies reported1 recent article darai found sound field systems appropriately used provided significant improvement literacy achievement firstgrade students10 couple years ago reported study three firstgrade classrooms utah 85 children native american11 5 years prior sound field use 44 48 firstgrade children scored basic level utah state core reading test 7 months sound field use 74 54 children study scored basic level recent study found phonemic awareness skills effectively efficiently taught preschool kindergarten classrooms sound field distribution systems fact fewest atrisk readers came classrooms routinely used sound field distribution systems12 10 seems clear sound field distribution systems benefit children dont children require greater enhancement signaltonoise ratio snr several populations seem especially need snrenhancing technology include children fluctuating conductive hearing impairments unilateral hearing impairments minimal permanent hearing impairments auditory processing problems cochlear implants cognitive disorders learning disabilities attention problems articulation disorders behavior problems1 addition children mildtomoderate hearing impairments wear hearing aids might well sound field distribution systems personal fm system children english second language also benefit intelligible signal provided enhanced snr13 11 sound field technology best used treatment paradigm historically amplification technologies hearing aids personal fm systems cochlear implants recommended treatments hearing loss certainly populations enhanced snr mean difference passing failing school sound field technologies came scene treatments hearing problems viewed treatment sound field technology recommended particular child managed special education system one type sound field technology small portable desktop unit special applicability treatment individual student 12 im familiar device relatively new type sound field fm system called personal sound field unit desktop system14 small lightweight batterypowered portable loudspeaker carried class class delivers clear closeup sound right students desk foster brackett maxon found personal sound field fm system particularly helpful children cochlear implants due proximity loudspeaker child15 however recognition children benefit enhanced snr comes need move beyond thinking sound field technology treatment sound field distribution systems need integrated general education arena concept universal design useful regard 13 universal design concept universal design originated architectural domain common examples curb cuts ramps automatic doors years experience found modifications originally believed relevant people fact useful beneficial population whole terms learning universal design means assistive technology specially designed individual child small group students rather wide range students universally designed approaches implemented general education teachers rather special education teachers16 14 wont radio wave interference use technology every classroom every building certainly started using fm technology sound field systems surprisingly interference major problem locations recently infrared technology adapted classroom infrared uses lightwave rather radiowave transmission interference problem since signal contained room every classroom every building sound distribution system without signal crossover 15 use sound field distribution systems personal fm systems room yes many instances using time creates best listening learning environment fact typically recommend using serves different purpose sound field distribution system appropriately installed used mainstream classroom improves equalizes acoustic access pupils creates atmosphere room conducive listening individually worn fm system provides particular child wearing hearing aids favorable snr teacher need wear single microphonetransmitter sound field unit individual fm radio frequency personalworn fm transmitter coupled sound field amplifier 16 arent classroom acoustics variable effective utilization sound field distribution systems much better rooms acoustics effective sound field system hvac heating ventilating air conditioning systems primary sources noise reverberation noise generated speech reflected room surfaces problematic17 reverberation preceding phonemes blend following ones obscuring word sound field systems effective overcoming noise least effective overcoming reverberation therefore reverberation reduced much possible sound field distribution system installed great deal attention paid classroom acoustics last years ansi working developing national standard published year ansi s126 200 hopefully 2002 standard calls noise levels classrooms higher 35 dba standard reverberation mediumsize classrooms 06 sec large rooms 07 sec18 signaltonoise level specified implied 15 db noise level 35 dba average speech level 50 dba goal ansi standard adapted international building code icb 17 much sound field units cost school district find money cost average sound field fm infrared system 1000 per room cost divided number people could benefit 300 pupils teachers 10year span cost per child 3 bargain possible funding sources include community service groups local quota clubs lions clubs sertoma rotary parentteacher organizations local businesses statewide technology grants private foundations 18 seems sound distribution systems essential creating good educational environment could interfere effectiveness difficulties result two primary sources lack teacher administrator knowledge rationale use technology inappropriate setup function equipment initial inservices teachers administrators must emphasize brain development purpose acoustic accessibility relationship hearing literacy needs addressed fact children listen differently adults concept signaltonoise ratio needs explained microphone techniques need demonstrated teachers learn use equipment teach incidental listening strategies teachers speak much softly varied vocal inflections sound field distribution system provides vocal projection problems result teachers place limitations teaching teach way technology without second microphone classroom passaround microphone students greatly enhance teacher effectiveness equipment problems result improper placement loudspeakers fact loudspeakers probably weakest link system primary problem classroom noise place loudspeakers high coverage reduce feedback17 primary problem classroom reverberation first treat classroom acoustically minimize potential equipment problems including improper microphone placement lack sound balance room poor tuning enough high frequencies consonant enhancement feedback interference fm transmission used inadequate volume1 course teachers need ongoing support someone needs designated troubleshoot equipment replacement parts batteries microphones must readily available 19 efficacy measures used certainly need relatively easy measurement tool teachers use regularly monitor effectiveness sound field distribution system sifter screening instrument targeting educational risk one tool19 sifter relies teachers observations childs classroom performance related listening skills targets academic performance attention communication class participation school behavior teacher fills brief checklist another tool life listening inventory education selfreport inventory schoolaged children measures students perceptual change20 life consists pictures common classroom situations could provide listening challenge pupil child indicates much difficulty experienced listening situation life could administered installation equipment 6 months use 20 final comments certainly every possibility arises transform lives may simple believable sound field distribution technology amazing possibility childrens classroom learning literacy development hearing firstorder event regular education classrooms child cannot clearly hear spoken instruction entire premise educational experience undermined due poor acoustic conditions variety hearing attending problems millions children denied appropriate education increasing awareness benefits sound field distribution systems example oakland county mi detroit area amplifying 5000 kindergarten fifthgrade classrooms momentum building across country convinced effectiveness technology personal stand every classroom country sound distribution system year 2005 many suppliers sound field systems among vendors business many years audio enhancement wwwaudioenhancementcom comtek inc wwwcomtekcom lightspeed technologies wwwlightspeedtekcom phonic ear inc wwwphonicearcom sennheiser electronic corp wwwsennheisercom telex communications wwwtelexcomhearing williams sound corp wwwwilliamssoundcom ever found back room struggling hear softspoken lecturer front often room poor acoustics makes task even difficult cock head side side maybe even try peek people front pick lipreading cues matter hard try still trouble picking key words time goes frustration sets gradually distant voice lecturer replaced daydreams pleasant experiences wouldnt shame sort thing happened child classroom sound field amplification readily available technology proven enhance classroom instruction recent data show third fourth graders us reading grade level would widespread use sound field amplification improve alarming statistic researchers say yes yet many years documented benefit technology remains woefully underutilized searching audiologist devote much career championing cause improving hearing learning conditions classroom qualities dedication persistence enthusiasm would come mind many know months page ten author carol flexer phd think wed agree personifies qualities read work area second edition book facilitating hearing listening young children dr flexer professor audiology university akron past president educational audiology association american academy audiology recently received prestigious volta award alexander graham bell association deaf hard hearing research contributions children hearing loss carol tells us attending children world also finds time spend children grandchildren means frequent visits israel page ten article dr flexer clearly reviews benefits possible sound field amplificationor use term sound field distribution systems hard disagree conclusion time come become standard feature every classroom fact carol says shes committed making happen 2005 maybe help make objective reality gus mueller page ten editor

https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyh200

George Friedman?Jiménez

Occupational Disease among Minority Workers

1 minority workers overrepresented hazardous jobs result high risk developing occupational diseases 2 due various social economic factors minority workers occupational diseases less likely white workers come health care attention correctly diagnosed occupational disease 3 occupational health clinics providers need discuss options treatment clearly client appropriate persistent negotiating employers reduce eliminate harmful exposures remaining sensitive real threat job loss

https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v25i7.10842

Swen-Malte John|M. Trakatelli|Ronette Gehring|Katherine A. Finlay|C Fionda|Marc Wittlich|Matthias Augustin|G Hilpert|Josiane Mourão Dias|Claas Ulrich|G. Pellacani

CONSENSUS REPORT: Recognizing non-melanoma skin cancer, including actinic keratosis, as an occupational disease - A Call to Action

Papageorgiou General Hospital|Aristotle University of Thessaloniki|Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Pierre|European Steel Association|Institut für Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung|University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf|Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs|Portuguese Army|Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin|University of Modena and Reggio Emilia

1 nonmelanoma skin cancer nmsc far common cancer diagnosed westernized countries one almost preventable cancers detected treated early 90 nmsc may attributed excessive exposure ultraviolet radiation 2 incidence nmsc increasing 23 million people diagnosed worldwide annually average yearly increase 38 among white populations australia europe us canada last 30 years 3 link solar ultraviolet uv radiation certain forms nmsc clearly recognized estimated outdoor workers exposed uv radiation dose 23 times higher indoor workers growing body research linking uv radiation exposure outdoor workers nmsc occupationally uvexposed workers least 43 higher risk basal cell carcinoma bcc almost doubled risk squamous cell carcinoma scc compared average population risk increasing decreasing latitude ii risk bcc scc actinic keratosis ak among workers worked outdoors 5 years 3fold higher risk among years working outdoors 4 primary prevention early detection treatment regular followup skin cancer nmsc melanoma shown beneficial health economic perspective 5 action needed international european national level legislate recognizing ak nmsc occupational disease potential improve access compensation drive preventative activities 6 report call action engagement key stakeholders including supranational institutions national governments trade organizations employers workers patient organizations drive change prevention protection atrisk groups ii employers obliged prevent outdoor workers uv exposure exceeding limit values implement occupational skin cancer screening programmes among atrisk workforce iii educational programmes outdoor workforce needed improve health literacy drive behavioural change iv nationally steps improve notifications surveillance skin cancers occupational services public health programmes required v future research activities focus precise definition atrisk groups among outdoor workers increased data gathering including uvdosimetry evaluation

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.315

J Mukhopadhya

A STUDY OF DOMESTIC ACCIDENTS (DA) IN AN AIRFORCE COMMUNITY

59th Medical Wing

1420 members 360 families studied incidence domestic accidents da period one year average incidence da 11056 per 1000 per year statistically significant bimodal distribution aboveaverage incidence seen 15 36 years age group incidence da inversely related literacy economic status population commonest type accident fall 541 injuring lower limbs majority cases 401 commonest place accident gardencompound 3439 accidents occurred 14002000 hours 4994 interaction certain predisposing factors found significant occurrence da community studies suggested create awareness regarding prevention da among families

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.008

0.8764938|0.79984176|0.6311093|0.62479043|0.5876783|0.54761434|0.544264|0.48485932|0.47531682|0.44425136|0.43741557|0.38578838|0.2466586|0.19647804|0.11343813|0.0|0.0

15137368

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000434

IN

151373682476762x

https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(14)71045-x

https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4

1975114165

https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5049.79895

Abdul-Aziz Mohamed Farah|Samuel H. Preston

Child Mortality Differentials in Sudan

2 micro data sources used describe major dimensions child mortality variation sudan 1st sample household records 1973 census population reveals extraordinarily strong regional variation mortality levels even controlling certain conventional household socioeconomic indicators regional differentials suggest importance macroenvironment disease understanding sources variation sudanese mortality 2nd data source survey khartoum conducted john caldwell contains much richer set independent variables analysis shows strong intergenerational influence child mortality works primarily mothers years schooling important role assortative mating particularly involving cousin marriages sharp differentials child mortality according mothers years schooling husbands income hypothesis mothers education influences child mortality altering status family supported authors summaries eng fre spa

https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.104208

Carles Muntañer

Commentary: Social capital, social class, and the slow progress of psychosocial epidemiology

University of Mary

2 navarro v critique social capital int j health serv 20023242432 3 lowi state political science became study polit sci rev 199286 4 therborn g european modernity beyond trajectory european societies london sage publishers 1995 5 navarro v ed political economy social inequalities consequences health quality life amityville ny baywood 2002 6 navarro v ed political social contexts health amityville ny baywood 2004 7 navarro v politics health inequalities research united states int j health serv 2004348799

https://doi.org/10.3402/jchimp.v6.31758

20110419

https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1842

Laura Robinson|Jeremy Schulz|Grant Blank|??????? ????????|Hiroshi Ono|Bernie Hogan|Gustavo S. Mesch|Shelia R. Cotten|Susan B. Kretchmer|Timothy M. Hale|Tomasz Drabowicz|Pu Yan|Barry Wellman|Molly-Gloria Harper|Anabel Quan?Haase|Hopeton S. Dunn|Antonio Casilli|Paola Tubaro|Rod Carvath|Wenhong Chen|Julie B. Wiest|Matías Dodel|Michael Stern|Christopher Ball|Kuo-Ting Huang|Aneka Khilnani

Digital inequalities 2.0: Legacy inequalities in the information age

2020 marks 25th anniversary digital divide although quarter century passed legacy digital inequalities continue emergent digital inequalities proliferating many initial schisms identified 1995 still relevant today twentyfive years later foundational access inequalities continue separate digital haves digital havenots within across countries addition even ubiquitousaccess populations riven skill inequalities differentiated usage indeed legacy digital inequalities persist visvis economic class gender sexuality race ethnicity aging disability healthcare education rural residency networks global geographies time emergent forms inequality appear alongside legacy inequalities notions digital inequalities must continually expanded become nuanced capture increasingly complex interrelated nature digital inequalities introducing concept digital inequality stack concept digital inequality stack encompasses access connectivity networks devices software well collective access network infrastructure layers digital inequality stack include differentiated use consumption literacies skills production programming etc inequality exists foundational layers digital inequality stack often translates inequalities higher levels show across many thematic foci layers digital inequality stack may move tandem one another layers digital inequality stack reinforce disadvantage

https://doi.org/10.5206/eei.v18i3.7629

20240510t172648215652

https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2018.1539015

20542577

https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03404076

Faridah Musa|Norlaila Mufti|Rozmel Abdul Latiff|Maryam Mohamed Amin

Project-based Learning (PjBL): Inculcating Soft Skills in 21st Century Workplace

National University of Malaysia|National University of Malaysia|National University of Malaysia|National University of Malaysia

21st century employers looking graduates possess soft skills include responsibility selfconfidence social communication skills flexiblity teamspiritedness good work attitude selfmotivation selfmanagement many skills learned projectbased learning highly sought todays employers including ability work well others handle interpersonal conflicts make thoughtful decisions well practise solve complex problems project based learning pjbl approach undertaken project assigned workplace communication course incorporate soft skills project work assigned required students investigate workplace problem real workplace setting present study conducted identify relevant soft skills acquired undergoing project work also aims find pjbl equipped students related soft skills 21st century workplace environment view evident projectbased learning facilitates growth learners acquiring aforementioned skills

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9071.2008.01719.x

US

23225939

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1536-7150.2009.00634.x

""country_code"": ""VN""

26300559

https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-12-339

40

56

https://doi.org/10.3846/23450479.2015.1046407

Jan N. Hughes|Nicole Dyer|Wen Luo|Oi?Man Kwok

Effects of peer academic reputation on achievement in academically at-risk elementary students

Texas A&M University|Texas A&M University|Texas A&M University|Texas A&M University

664 relatively low achieving first grade children recruited longitudinal study measures peer academic reputation par peer acceptance teacherrated academic engagement achievement reading math achievement obtained year 2 majority students second grade 1 year later measures academic self concept obtained year 1 year 3 young second grade childrens perceptions classmates academic competence distinct perceptions peers social behavioral characteristics sem analyses found year 2 par predicted year 3 teacherrated academic engagement reading math achievement test scores effects prior scores outcomes covariates furthermore effect par academic engagement achievement partially mediated effect par childrens academic self concept implications findings educational practice future research discussed

https://doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v9i5s.45

Mark G. Shrime|Mirjam Hamer|Swagoto Mukhopadhyay|Lauren Kunz|Nathan H Claus|Kirsten Randall|Joannita H Jean-Baptiste|Pierre H Maevatombo|Melissa P S Toh|Jasmin R Biddell|Ria Bos|Michelle White

Effect of removing the barrier of transportation costs on surgical utilisation in Guinea, Madagascar and the Republic of Congo

Harvard University|Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary|Social Change and Development|University Medical Center|Intensive Care Society|Sisters of Mercy Health System|Harvard University|Social Change and Development|National Institutes of Health|Sisters of Mercy Health System|Sisters of Mercy Health System|Fistula Foundation|Institute for Reproductive Health|Sisters of Mercy Health System|Fistula Foundation|Sisters of Mercy Health System|Sisters of Mercy Health System|Sisters of Mercy Health System|Great Ormond Street Hospital|University College London

81 million people face impoverishment surgical costs every year majority impoverishment attributable nonmedical costs carefor transportation food lodging transportation largest viewed actual medical cost frequently unaddressed paper examines effect surgical utilisation paying transportationa hierarchical logistic regression performed 2692 patients presenting surgical care nongovernmental organisation operating republic congo guinea madagascar controlling distance hospital age gender need air travel time appointments effect payment transportation surgical noshow rate evaluatedafter adjustment observed confounders paying transportation drops surgical noshow rate 45 055 95 ci 040 077 p0001 age delay appointments number hours travelled surgery also predict surgical noshow 28 noshow patients cost transportation homes nearby predetermined pickup point remained barrier even transportation pickup point hospital freetransportation costs significant barrier surgical care lowresource settings paying halves noshow rate finding highlights decreasing demandside barriers surgical care cannot limited removal user fees

https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.86812

Sunil S. Solomon|Shruti H. Mehta|Aylur K. Srikrishnan|Suniti Solomon|Allison M. McFall|Oliver Laeyendecker|David D. Celentano|Hussain Syed Iqbal|Sam Anand|Canjeevaram K. Vasudevan|S. Saravanan|Gregory M. Lucas|M. Suresh Kumar|Mark Sulkowski|Thomas C. Quinn

Burden of hepatitis C virus disease and access to hepatitis C virus services in people who inject drugs in India: a cross-sectional study

Johns Hopkins University|YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education|Johns Hopkins Medicine|Johns Hopkins University|YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education|YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education|Johns Hopkins University|National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|National Institutes of Health|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins Medicine|Johns Hopkins University|YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education|YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education|YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education|YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins Medicine|YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins Medicine|National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|National Institutes of Health|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins Medicine

90 individuals infected hepatitis c virus hcv worldwide reside resourcelimited settings aimed characterise prevalence hcv hivhcv coinfection hcv care continuum people inject drugs india14 481 people including 31 seedsindividuals selected starting point sampling well connected drug using community inject drugs sampled 15 cities throughout india using respondentdriven sampling jan 2 2013 dec 19 2013 data seeds excluded analyses hcv prevalence estimated presence antihcv antibodies incorporating respondentdriven sampling weights hcv care continuum outcomes selfreported except viral clearance treatmentexperienced participantsthe median age participants 30 years iqr 2436 13 608 924 14 449 men data missing variables weighted hcv prevalence 5777 372 14 447 hivhcv coinfection prevalence 2085 132 14 435 correlates hcv infection included high lifetime injection frequency hiv positivity high prevalence people hiv rna 1000 copies per ml community 5777 people inject drugs hcv antibody positive 440 55 aware status 225 30 seen doctor hcv 79 14 taken hcv treatment 18 04 undetectable hcv rna 12 128 participants previously tested hcv 6138 505 get tested heard hcv 5777 people hcv antibody positive 2086 344 reported harmful hazardous alcohol use 1082 504 dependent 3821 653 reported needle sharing awareness hcv positive status significantly associated higher education hiv testing history awareness hiv positive status higher community antiretroviral therapy coveragethe high burden hcv hivhcv coinfection coupled lowaccess hcv services emphasises urgent need include resourcelimited settings global hcv agenda although new treatments become available worldwide near future programmes improve awareness reduce disease progression transmission need scaled without delay failure could result patterns rising mortality undermining advances survival attributed widespread hiv treatmentus national institutes health

https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-0355(87)90007-3

Sunanda Gupta|Udita Naithani|Vimla Doshi|Vaibhav Bhargava|Bhavani S Vijay

Obstetric critical care: A prospective analysis of clinical characteristics, predictability, and fetomaternal outcome in a new dedicated obstetric intensive care unit

1 year prospective analysis critically ill obstetric patients admitted newly developed dedicated obstetric intensive care unit icu done order characterize causes admissions interventions required course foetal maternal outcome utilization mortality probability model ii mpm ii admission predicting maternal mortality also assessed period 16756 deliveries 79 maternal deaths maternal mortality rate 471000 deliveries 24 icu admissions icu utilization ratio 014 mean age 25214075 years mean gestational age 36043862 weeks postpartum admissions significantly higher 8333 n20 p005 patients presenting obstetric complications 9166 n22 p001 compared medical complications 832 n2 obstetric haemorrhage n15 625 haemodynamic instability n20 8333 considered significant risk factors icu admission p0000 inotropic support required 22 patients 9166 17 patients 7083 required ventilatory support contribute risk factors poor outcome mean duration ventilation 30172165 h icu stay 39423370 h significantly longer duration survivors p001 p000 respectively versus nonsurvivors observed mortality n10 4167 significantly higher mpm ii predicted death rate 2643 p0002 conclude obstetric haemorrhage leading haemodynamic instability remains leading cause icu admission mpm ii scores admission predict maternal mortality

https://doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s7500

Nicola Reavley|Anthony F. Jorm

Public recognition of mental disorders and beliefs about treatment: changes in Australia over 16 years

Orygen Youth Health|University of Melbourne|Orygen Youth Health|University of Melbourne

1995 australian national survey mental health literacy showed poor recognition disorders beliefs treatment differed health professionals similar survey carried 20034 showed improvements 8 yearsto investigate whether recognition mental disorders beliefs treatment changed 16year perioda national survey 6019 adults carried 2011 using questions 1995 20034 surveysresults showed improved recognition depression positive ratings range interventions including help mental health professionals antidepressantsalthough beliefs effective medications interventions moved closer health professionals since previous surveys still potential mental health literacy gains areas recognition treatment beliefs mental disorders particularly case schizophrenia

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.054

Brianna A. da Silva|Mahesh Krishnamurthy

The alarming reality of medication error: a patient case and review of Pennsylvania and National data

Easton Hospital|Drexel University|Easton Hospital|Drexel University

71yearold female accidentally received thiothixene navane antipsychotic instead antihypertensive medication amlodipine norvasc 3 months sustained physical psychological harm including ambulatory dysfunction tremors mood swings personality changes despite many opportunities intervention multiple health care providers overlooked symptomserrors occurred multiple care levels including prescribing initial pharmacy dispensation hospitalization subsequent outpatient followup exemplifies swiss cheese model errors occur within system adverse drug events ades account 35 million physician office visits 1 million emergency department visits year believed preventable medication errors impact 7 million patients cost almost 21 billion annually across care settings 30 hospitalized patients least one discrepancy discharge medication reconciliation medication errors ades underreported burden adversely affects patients providers economymedication reconciliation including indication review prescription important aspect patient safety decreasing frequency pill bottle reviews suboptimal patient education poor communication healthcare providers factors threaten patient safety medication error ades cost billions health care dollars detrimental providerpatient relationship

https://doi.org/10.35335/enrichment.v13i1.1304

Catherine Arnott Smith|Scott Hetzel|Prudence W. Dalrymple|Alla Keselman

Beyond Readability: Investigating Coherence of Clinical Text for Consumers

University of Wisconsin–Madison|University of Wisconsin–Madison|Drexel University|United States National Library of Medicine

basic tenet consumer health informatics understandable health resources empower public text comprehension holds great promise helping characterize consumer problems understanding health texts need efficient ways assess consumeroriented health texts availability computationally supported tools led us explore effect various text characteristics readers understanding health texts well develop novel approaches assessing characteristicsthe goal study compare impact two different approaches enhancing readability three interventions individuals comprehension short complex passages health textparticipants 80 university staff faculty students participant asked retell content two health texts one clinical trial domain diabetes mellitus typical visit notes texts transformed intervention arms study two interventions provided terminology support via 1 standard dictionary 2 contextualized vocabulary definitions third intervention provided coherence improvement assessed participants comprehension clinical texts propositional analysis openended questionnaire analysis number errors madefor clinical trial text effect text condition significant comparisons suggesting differences recall despite varying levels support p84 visit note however difference median total propositions recalled coherent originaldictionary conditions significant p04 suggests participants coherent condition recalled original visit notes content participants original dictionary conditions combined however difference seen originaldictionary vocabulary p36 coherent vocabulary p62 statistically significant effect document transformation found either openended questionnaire clinical trial p86 visit note p20 error rate clinical trial p47 visit note p25 however post hoc power analysis suggested increasing sample size approximately 6 participants per condition would result significant difference visit note clinical trial textstatistically results study attest improving coherence small effect consumer comprehension clinical text task extremely labor intensive scalable research needed using texts diverse clinical domains heterogeneous participants including actual patients since comprehensibility clinical text appears difficult automate informatics support tools may productively support health care professionals tasked making clinical information understandable patients

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10897-018-0291-z

John R. Kirby|Brenda Hogan

Family Literacy Environment and Early Literacy Development

Queen's University|Queen's University

battery readingrelated reading measures used select samples good n 30 poor readers n 19 grade 1 parents children completed questionnaire current preschool home literacy practices socioeconomic status ses 2 groups compared tests discriminant analysis tests indicated homes good poor readers differed many characteristics including several aspects home literacy numbers books home mothers education 2 best unique discriminators groups parents teaching letters mothers education limitations study implications discussed

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.073

Emmelien A. van der Scheer|Hannah Bijlsma|Cees A. W. Glas

Validity and reliability of student perceptions of teaching quality in primary education

University of Groningen|University of Twente|University of Twente

bayesian irtmodel approach used investigate validity reliability student perceptions teaching quality furthermore student perceptions compared ratings teaching quality external observers grade 4 students n 675 filled questionnaire used measure opinions lessons teachers three lessons 39 teachers recorded rated 4 raters analyses showed student perception lesson observation scales fit best 11dimensional model indication construct validity discriminant validity student perception scales reliable although items contributed scales extent student ratings lesson observations scores generally correlated moderately ranging r 18 r 50 higher correlations found scales similar content however clear pattern apparent suggestions future research presented

https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.00459-07

Margarita Lam Antoniades|Valerie Tarasuk

A Survey of Food Problems Experienced by Toronto Street Youth

University of Toronto|University of Toronto

brief survey undertaken assess nature severity food scarcity experienced sample 88 street youth downtown toronto identify markers vulnerability food scarcity almost half youth reported experiencing involuntary hunger food deprivation previous 30 days youth literally homeless ie street squatting abandoned buildings relying primarily streetbased activities income appeared particularly vulnerable food deprivation although limited scope findings raise questions nutritional wellbeing street youth highlight need effective interventions address problems poverty hunger homelessness among canadian youth

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186285

Kodisvary R Maharajah|Cheong Min Tet|Azhany Yaacob|Ahmad Tajudin Liza-Sharmini|Paul J. Foster

Modified Bahasa Malaysia version of VF?14 questionnaire: assessing the impact of glaucoma in rural area of Malaysia

Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia|Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia|Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia|Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

bstract purpose evaluate functional impairment glaucoma patients using modified bahasa malaysia version vf14 questionnaire correlate score severity disease methods onetoone interview trained interviewers conducted glaucoma patients seen eye clinic hospital universiti sains malaysia using modified validated bahasa malaysia version vf14 questionnaire severity glaucoma determined based bettereye advanced glaucoma intervention study scale agis score visual field analysis latest reliable visual field literacy rate living situation bettereye visual acuity lens status also documented results total 110 glaucoma patients recruited 545 primary openangle glaucoma 218 primary angleclosure glaucoma 192 normotensive glaucoma 45 pseudoexfoliative glaucoma majority bilateral involvement based bettereye agis score 415 advanced stage 291 moderate 291 mild significant association vf14 scoring bettereye agis score r 0 579 p lt 0001 age r 0313 p 0000 bettereye visual acuity r 0752 p 0000 based multivariate analysis significant association questionnaire score bettereye agis score p lt 0001 conclusion bahasa malaysia version modified vf14 questionnaire useful tool quantifying quality life among glaucoma patients rural area high illiteracy rate provides moderate correlation severity disease customization quality life questionnaire according custom culture community provide better insight functional impairment glaucoma patients

https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200404090-00006

Phanindra V. Wunnava|Daniel B. Leiter

Determinants of Intercountry Internet Diffusion Rates

Middlebury College|Middlebury College

bstract article employs crosssectional data 100 countries analyze main determinants intercountry internet diffusion rates set empirical model based strong theoretical foundations regress internet usage variables capture social economic political differences countries results support past findings economic strength infrastructure knowledge english language positively affect internet connectivity addition indicators openness country tertiary enrollment income equality found also significant positive effect internet diffusion

https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmr035

Ursula M. Sansom?Daly|Claire E. Wakefield|Richard A. Bryant|Phyllis Butow|Susan ? Sawyer|Pandora Patterson|Antoinette Anazodo|Kate Thompson|Richard J. Cohn

Online group-based cognitive-behavioural therapy for adolescents and young adults after cancer treatment: A multicenter randomised controlled trial of Recapture Life-AYA

Sydney Children's Hospital|Sydney Children's Hospital|UNSW Sydney|University of Sydney|Royal Children's Hospital|Canteen|Prince of Wales Hospital|Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre|Sydney Children's Hospital

cancer diagnosis 29 times likely occur adolescent young adult years younger children spike incidence coincides life stage characterised psychological vulnerability young people strive attain numerous critical developmental milestones distress young people experience cancer treatment seriously jeopardises ability move wellfunctioning adulthoodthis article presents protocol recapture life study phase ii threearm randomised controlled trial designed evaluate feasibility efficacy new intervention reducing distress improving quality life adolescent young adult cancer survivors novel intervention recapture life compared waitlist peersupport group control ninety young people aged 1525 years completed cancer treatment past 16 months recruited hospitals around australia randomised receive recapture life participate six weekly 90minute online group sessions led psychologist involving peerdiscussion around cognitivebehavioural coping skills including behavioural activation thought challenging communication assertiveness skills training problemsolving goalsetting participants randomised peersupport group control receive nondirective peer support delivered identical manner participants complete psychosocial measures baseline postintervention 12months postintervention primary outcome quality life secondary outcomes include depression anxiety stress family functioning coping cancerrelated identitythis article reviews empirical rationale using groupbased online cognitivebehavioural therapy young people cancer treatment potential challenges delivering skillsbased programs online modality highlighted role peer caregiver support enhancing effectiveness skillsbased intervention also discussed innovative videoconferencing delivery method recapture life uses potential address geographic psychological isolation adolescents young adults move toward cancer survivorship expected teaching ayas coping skills resume normal lives cancer may longterm implications quality lifeactrn12610000717055

https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516000039

Vilmant? Liubinien?|Daniel Persson Thunqvist

MEDIA LITERACY AND DIGITAL DIVIDE: A CROSS-CULTURAL CASE STUDY OF SWEDEN AND LITHUANIA / MEDIJ? RAŠTINGUMAS IR SKAITMENIN? ATSKIRTIS: ŠVEDIJOS IR LIETUVOS TARPKULT?RINIO

Kaunas University of Technology|Linköping University

case study sweden lithuania aims analysing important question inclusion exclusion comes media literacy digital divide analysis countrylevel factors socialstratification technological infrastructure educational system cultural values provided goal identify keen factors widening digital divide certain population groups countries study revealed regard media literacy age matters case lithuania contrary sweden digital divide different age groups diminishing media literacy socioeconomically marginalized groups immigrants particular much lower compared general trends population digital generation children teenagers got much common countries opposed senior adult populations santrauka vedijos ir lietuvos tarpkultrinio atvejo tyrimo tikslas ianalizuoti visuo mens medij ratingumo lygmen atskirose socialinse grupse siekdami atskleisti pagrindinius veiksnius lemianius gyventoj grupi skaitmenin skirt atsivelgme socialins stratifikacijos ypatumus technologij infras truktros vietimo sistemos ir kultrini vertybi prioritet skirtumus abiejose alyse atliktas tyrimas atskleid kad lietuvoje amius yra pagrindinis veiks nys lemiantis medij ratingumo lygmen taiau vedijoje medij ratingu mo gebjimai vairiose amiaus grupse vienodja nors skaitmenin atskirt patenka imigrant grups daugiausia dl socialini ir ekonomini prieasi skaitmenin karta vaikai ir paaugliai abiejose alyse turi panaius skaitme ninius gebjimus todl skaitmenin atskirtis aktualesn vyresniojo amiaus gyventoj grupse reikminiai odiai skaitmenin kultra skaitmenin atskirtis skaitmenin karta medij ratingumas tinklaveikos visuomen socialin stratifikacija

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-011-9323-x

Fadzilah Abdol Razak|Norhayati Baharun|Noor Afni Deraman|Noriah Ismail

Assessing students’ abilities in interpreting the correlation and regression analysis

Universiti Teknologi MARA|Universiti Teknologi MARA|Universiti Teknologi MARA|Universiti Teknologi MARA

case study carried students exposed theoretical concepts correlation regression topics investigate ability compute interpret pearsons correlation coefficient slope regressionthe findings revealed low percentage students 1943 successfully completed interpretation correlation coefficient 3318 students managed interpret computed value regression slope completelyit also found students ability interpret regression slope significantly associated ability interpret correlation coefficient correctlyit hoped findings obtained study shed light improving teaching practices statistics educators help students gaining better understanding interpreting correlation regression analysis

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2018.07.001

Smitha Ramadas|Praveenlal Kuttichira

The development of a guideline and its impact on the media reporting of suicide

Government Medical College|Government Medical College

causal association media reporting suicides subsequent actual suicides observed studies india regarding media reporting suicide study examines whether educating media professionals responsible reporting suicides change quality reportingto study impact guideline reporting style suicides journalistsnewspaper reports local language examined psychiatriststhe department psychiatry teaching hospital conducted workshop journalists collaboration media mental health professionals came guideline responsible reporting suicide using proforma designed assessing newspaper reports suicides suicide reports leading newspapers kerala analyzed one year prior workshop immediate next year second year six years later using 15 item proforma whether report concordant discordant item proforma notedthe total concordant responses 437 year prior workshop 452 first year following workshop 462 next year 457 six years trend item examined concordance rates increasing item except two statistical significancea workshop journalists could bring positive changes media reporting suicides changes persisted years although reach statistical significance

https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.81.1.30

Roy Pea

Socializing the knowledge transfer problem

New York University

central issue acquiring knowledge appropriate transfer beyond contexts contents first acquisition contrast dominant common elements transfer theory interpretive perspective developed according appropriate transfer concept socioculturally rather objectively defined elements perceived thinker common current prior situation given nature things read terms thinkers culturallyinfluenced categorization system problem types synthesis cognitive research findings identifies specific features thinkingskills instruction effective promoting transfer include learning practicing knowledge application multiple contexts use constructively participating bridging instruction across school nonschool problem situations thinking selfmanagement skills taught within domains synergistic integration learning different subjects recommendations made developing new learning technologies build upon conditions enhancing knowledge transfer

https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12079

Robert Adams

Improving health outcomes with better patient understanding and education

Queen Elizabeth Hospital|University of Adelaide

central plank health care reform expanded role educated consumers interacting responsive health care teamshowever individuals realize benefits health education also requires high level engagementpopulation studies documented gap expectations actual performance behaviours related participation health care preventioninterventions improve selfcare shown improvements selfefficacy patient satisfaction coping skills perceptions social supportsignificant clinical benefits seen trials selfmanagement lifestyle interventions across conditions diabetes coronary heart disease heart failure rheumatoid arthritishowever focus many studies shortterm outcomes rather long term effectsthere also evidence participation patient education programs spread evenly across socio economic groupsthis review considers three issues may important increasing public health impact patient educationthe first health literacy capacity seek understand act health informationalthough health literacy involves individuals competencies health system primary responsibility setting parameters health interaction style content mode informationsecondly much patient education work focused factors attitudes beliefsthat small changes physical environments large effects behavior utilized selfmanagement chronic disease researchchoice architecture involves reconfiguring context physical environment way makes likely people choose certain behavioursthirdly better means evaluating impact programs public health neededthe reach effectiveness adoption implementation maintenance reaim framework promoted one potential approach

https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968311412054

Jeremy J. Purcell|Xiong Jiang|Guinevere F. Eden

Shared orthographic neuronal representations for spelling and reading

Georgetown University Medical Center|Georgetown University

central question study neural basis written language whether reading spelling utilize shared orthographic representations recent studies employing fmri test question report left inferior frontal gyrus ifg ventral occipitotemporal cortex votc active spelling reading subjects purcell et al 2011a rapp lipka 2011 spatial resolution fmri limits interpretation findings specifically unknown neurons encode orthography reading also involved spelling words address question employing eventrelated functional magnetic resonance imagingadaptation fmria paradigm designed examine shared orthographic representations across spelling reading first identified areas independently showed adaptation reading adaptation spelling identified spatial convergence two separate maps via conjunction analysis consistent previous studies purcell et al 2011a rapp lipka 2011 analysis revealed left dorsal ifg votc supplementary motor area validate observations interrogated regions using acrosstask adaptation technique found adaptation across reading spelling left dorsal ifg ba 449 final analysis focused specifically visual word form area vwfa votc whose variability location among subjects requires use subjectspecific identification mechanisms glezer riesenhuber 2013 using functional localizer reading defined vwfa subject found adaptation effects within spelling reading conditions respectively well across spelling reading none effects observed phonologicalsemantic control condition conclude left dorsal ifg vwfa involved accessing orthographyspecific representations spelling reading

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2011.07.006

Maria Bernadethe Mawarni Gelu Wutun|Simon Sia Niha|Henny A. Manafe

Financial attitude and financial behavior analysis towards student financial literacy in Kupang City

Universitas Katolik Widya Mandira|Universitas Katolik Widya Mandira|Universitas Katolik Widya Mandira

child early age taught accustomed saving money parents home help future especially grows becomes good managing finances needs savings wants students knowledge finance important help manage money well possible daily needs without difficulties certain times study analyze influence two independent variables namely financial attitude financial behavior level financial literacy students kupang city study involved sample 100 students kupang city filled google form used collect data responses incoming questionnaires processed using statistical program namely spss26 analysis study data revealed financial behavior significantly affect students financial literacy financial attitudes considerable impact results concurrent assessment show strong correlation students attitudes financial behavior ultimately significant impact overall level students financial literacy kupang city result certainly means students really need equipped knowledge financial literacy useful future front good financial knowledge determine good financial decisions well

https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260509354508

Jessica R. Williams|Vivian M. Yeh|Marino A. Bruce|Carolyn Szetela|Flora Ukoli|Consuelo H. Wilkins|Sunil Kripalani

Precision Medicine: Familiarity, Perceived Health Drivers, and Genetic Testing Considerations Across Health Literacy Levels in a Diverse Sample

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of Miami|Vanderbilt University Medical Center|Vanderbilt University|Meharry Medical College|Meharry Medical College|Vanderbilt University Medical Center|Vanderbilt University Medical Center

clear awareness patients knowledge values perspectives important component effective genetic counseling advances precision medicine however outpaced understanding patient perceptions new approach patient views may differ across three domains precision medicine genetics behavioral environmental determinants health ethnicracial groups health literacy levels study describes compares group differences familiarity perceptions preferences precision medicine diverse sample 2016 2017 252 participants completed 1015min survey three primary care clinics florida tennessee final sample 425 african americanblack 258 hispaniclatino 250 white 67 ethnicityrace less quarter participants reported familiar term precision medicine familiar basic genetic terms participants higher health literacy reported greater familiarity terms p 003 african americansblack participants likely identify ethnicityrace discrimination influencing health p 004 deciding get genetic test individuals across ethnicracial groups shared similar considerations higher health literacy however gave significantly greater importance provider trust p 008 given recent emergence precision medicine present may limited differences patient perceptions across ethnicracial groups culturally sensitive efforts tailored health literacy level may aid equitable precision medicine uptake

https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260513505703

Thomas F. Wierzba|Shantanu Kumar Kar|Vijayalaxmi V. Mogasale|Anna S. Kerketta|Young Ae You|Prameela Baral|Hemant Kumar Khuntia|Mohammad Ali|Yang?Hee Kim|Shyam Bandhu Rath|Anuj Bhattachan|Binod Sah

Effectiveness of an oral cholera vaccine campaign to prevent clinically-significant cholera in Odisha State, India

International Vaccine Institute|Regional Medical Research Center|International Vaccine Institute|Regional Medical Research Center|International Vaccine Institute|Regional Medical Research Center|International Vaccine Institute|International Vaccine Institute|Regional Medical Research Center|International Vaccine Institute|International Vaccine Institute

clinical trial conducted india suggests oral cholera vaccine shanchol provides 65 protection five years clinicallysignificant cholera although vaccine efficacious tested experimental setting policymakers likely use vaccine receiving evidence demonstrating protection delivered communities using local health department staff cold chain equipment logisticswe used testnegative casecontrol design evaluate effectiveness vaccination campaign using shanchol validated results using cohort approach addressed disparities healthcare seeking behavior campaign conducted local health department using existing resources choleraendemic area puri district odisha state india nonpregnant residents one year age older offered vaccine next two years residents seeking care diarrhea one five health facilities asked enroll following informed consent cases patients seeking treatment laboratoryconfirmed v choleraassociated diarrhea controls patients seeking treatment v cholerae negative diarrheaof 51488 eligible residents 31552 individuals received one dose 23751 residents received two vaccine doses identified 44 v cholerae o1associated cases 366 non v cholerae diarrhea controls adjusted protective effectiveness persons receiving two doses 690 95 ci 145 888 similar adjusted estimates obtained cohort approach statistical trend test suggested single dose provided modicum protection 33 test trend p00091this vaccine found efficacious results reported clinical trial administered rural population using local health personnel resources study provides evidence vaccine widely deployed public health departments cholera endemic areas

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-013-9352-3

Firdausi Qadri|Amit Saha|Tanvir Ahmed|Abdullah A. Tarique|Yasmin Begum|Ann?Mari Svennerholm

Disease Burden Due to Enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> in the First 2 Years of Life in an Urban Community in Bangladesh

International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research|International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research|International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research|International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research|International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research|University of Gothenburg

cohort 321 children followed birth 2 years age determine incidence enterotoxigenic escherichia coli etec bangladesh average number diarrheal days incidence rates 66 23childyear respectively etec common pathogen isolated 195 cases incidence 05 episodechildyear prevalence rotavirus diarrhea lower 10 etec expressing heatstable enterotoxin st predominant strains isolated diarrheal cases positive colonization factors cfs higher frequency 66 healthy children 33 p 0001 heatlabile toxin ltpositive strains healthy children often cf negative 92 isolated children diarrhea 73 p 0001 children symptomatic asymptomatic infections cfai cs1 plus cs3 cs2 plus cs3 cs5 plus cs6 strains repeat episode diarrhea infection homologous cf type uncommon repeat symptomatic infections noted mostly lt stexpressing etec etec diarrhea prevalent children ab groups blood group p 0032 0023 children etec diarrhea underweight growth stunted 2year followup period showing importance strategies prevent decrease etec diarrheal morbidity children

https://doi.org/10.19082/6333

Nicola J. Mitchell|Maggie D. Triska|Andrea Liberatore|Linden Ashcroft|Richard Weatherill|Nancy Longnecker

Benefits and challenges of incorporating citizen science into university education

University of Western Australia|University of Western Australia|University of Otago|University of Western Australia|University of Otago

common feature many citizen science projects collection data unpaid contributors expectation data used research report teaching strategy combined citizen science inquirybased learning offer first year university students authentic research experience sixyear partnership australian phenology citizen science program climatewatch enabled biology students university western australia contribute phenological data plants animals conduct first research unvalidated species datasets contributed public university participants students wrote scientific articles findings peerreviewed others work best articles published online student journal surveys 1500 students showed environmental engagement increased significantly participating data collection data analysis however 31 students agreed statement data collected citizen scientists reliable end project whereas rate agreement initially 79 change perception likely due students discovering erroneous records mapped data points analysed submitted photographs positive consequence students subsequently reported careful avoid errors data collection making greater efforts contribute records useful future scientific research evaluation project shown embedding research process within citizen science participation university students given cause improve contributions environmental datasets true citizen scientists general enabling participants well scientists analyse data could enhance data quality address key constraint broadscale citizen science programs

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.04.001

David Coetzee|Katherine Hildebrand|Andrew Boulle|Gary Maartens|Françoise Louis|Veliswa Labatala|Hermann Reuter|Nonthutuzelo Ntwana|Eric Goemaere

Outcomes after two years of providing antiretroviral treatment in Khayelitsha, South Africa

University of Cape Town|Médecins Sans Frontières|Médecins Sans Frontières|Médecins Sans Frontières|Médecins Sans Frontières|Médecins Sans Frontières

communitybased antiretroviral therapy art programme established 2001 south african township explore operational issues involved providing art public sector resourcelimited settings demonstrate feasibility servicedata analysed cohort patients symptomatic hiv disease cd4 lymphocyte count 200 x 10 cellsl programme used standardized protocols using generic medicines whenever possible teamapproach clinical care patientcentred approach promote adherencetwohundred eightyseven adults naive prior art followed median duration 139 months median cd4 lymphocyte count 43 x 10 cellsl initiation treatment mean log10 hiv rna 518 copiesml hiv rna level undetectable 400 copiesml 881 892 842 750 697 patients 3 6 12 18 24 months respectively cumulative probability remaining alive 863 24 months treatment patients 914 baseline cd4 lymphocyte count 50 x 10 cellsl 818 baseline cd4 lymphocyte count 50 x 10 cellsl cumulative probability changing single antiretroviral drug 24 months 151 due adverse events contraindications 84 due adverse events aloneart provided resourcelimited settings good patient retention clinical outcomes responsible implementation art key component comprehensive response epidemic communities affected hiv

https://doi.org/10.1080/10862967409547092

Indrapal Meshram|Nimmathota Arlappa|Nagalla Balakrishna|Avula Laxmaiah|K. Mallikarjun Rao|Ch. Gal Reddy|M Ravindranath|Sharad Kumar|G. N. V. Brahmam

Prevalence and Determinants of Undernutrition and its Trends among Pre-School Tribal Children of Maharashtra State, India

Indian Council of Medical Research|National Institute of Nutrition|Indian Council of Medical Research|National Institute of Nutrition|Indian Council of Medical Research|National Institute of Nutrition|Indian Council of Medical Research|National Institute of Nutrition|Indian Council of Medical Research|National Institute of Nutrition|National Institute of Nutrition|Indian Council of Medical Research|Indian Council of Medical Research|National Institute of Nutrition|Indian Council of Medical Research|National Institute of Nutrition|Indian Council of Medical Research|National Institute of Nutrition

communitybased crosssectional study carried tribal areas maharashtra covering 1751 preschool children assess nutritional status nutritional status assessed using new growth standards household wealth index constructed using principle component analysis prevalence underweight stunting wasting 64 61 29 respectively significant p 005 reduction prevalence underweight stunting two time periods 1999 2008 logistic regression showed risk underweight 17 times higher among children illiterate mothers suffering morbidities stunting 14 times higher among children belonging lowest middle households wealth indexes undernutrition public health problem associated literacy mother household wealth index morbidities therefore improving socioeconomic condition along literacy mothers preventing infections personal hygiene might help improving nutritional status children

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162825

Indrapal Meshram|M. Vishnu Vardhana Rao|V. Sudershan Rao|Avula Laxmaiah|Kalpagam Polasa

Regional variation in the prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension and diabetes and their correlates among the adult rural population in India

National Institute of Nutrition|Indian Council of Medical Research|National Institute of Nutrition|National Institute of Nutrition|Indian Council of Medical Research|National Institute of Nutrition|Indian Council of Medical Research|National Institute of Nutrition|Indian Council of Medical Research

communitybased crosssectional study carried five regions india adopting multistage random sampling procedure information collected participants sociodemographic particulars age sex occupation education etc anthropometric measurements height weight waist hip circumferences measured three measurements blood pressure obtained fasting blood sugar assessed using glucometer data analysis done using descriptive statistics 2 test association logistic regression analysis total 7531 subjects covered anthropometry blood pressure overall prevalence overweightobesity abdominal obesity 29 21 respectively higher southern region 40 compared regions prevalence hypertension 18 16 diabetes 95 among men women respectively risk hypertension diabetes significantly higher among adults southern western regions among elderly among overweightobese individuals abdominal obesity conclusion prevalence overweightobesity hypertension higher southern region whereas diabetes higher southern western regions factors increasing age male sex overweightobesity abdominal obesity important risk factors hypertension diabetes appropriate health nutrition education given community control problems

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2008.04.005

Robert Mackenzie Johnston|Sarah McGeown|Joyce Watson

Long-term effects of synthetic versus analytic phonics teaching on the reading and spelling ability of 10 year old boys and girls

University of Hull|University of Hull|University of Hull

comparison made 10yearold boys girls learnt read analytic synthetic phonics methods part early literacy programmes boys taught synthetic phonics method better word reading girls classes spelling reading comprehension good contrast analytic phonics teaching although boys performed well girls word reading inferior spelling reading comprehension overall group taught synthetic phonics better word reading spelling reading comprehension evidence synthetic phonics approach early teaches children blend letter sounds order read unfamiliar words led impairment reading irregular words

https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.122368599

Hannah Gaffney|Maria M. Ttofi|David P. Farrington

Evaluating the effectiveness of school-bullying prevention programs: An updated meta-analytical review

University of Cambridge|University of Cambridge|University of Cambridge

comprehensive extensive systematic review metaanalysis effectiveness bullying prevention programs presented report updates earlier research conducted farrington ttofi 2009 systematic searches online databases ie web science psycharticles psychinfo embase dare eric google scholar scopus conducted primary studies published 2009 december 2016 searches also conducted unpublished reports included systematic review primary studies must 1 describe evaluation schoolbased antibullying program 2 utilize appropriate operational definition schoolbullying eg centers disease control prevention 2014 farrington 1993 olweus 1992 3 measure schoolbullying perpetration andor victimization behaviors using quantitative measures 4 use experimental quasiexperimental design adequate control group following systematic screening 20000 search results total 100 evaluations 103 independent effect sizes eligible inclusion metaanalysis effect sizes estimated studies used rct designs n 45 quasiexperiments n 44 effect sizes 14 effect sizes age cohort designs antibullying programs significantly reduce bullying perpetration random effects 1309 bullying victimization random effects 1244 results suggest antibullying programs reduce schoolbullying perpetration approximately 1920 ad schoolbullying victimization approximately 1516 effect sizes vary greatly across studies significant heterogeneity studies bullying perpetration bullying victimization outcomes anticipated given variability range moderators example methodological designs type program used place implementation analyses suggest publication bias either metaanalysis variability effect sizes across different methodological designs investigated primary studies employing age cohort designs n 14 provide largest effects reducing bullying perpetration 1474 victimization 1302 relation bullying victimization outcomes beforeafterexperimentalcontrol designs provide similar effects 1225 randomized controlled trials 121 randomized controlled trials 1244 effective reducing bullying perpetration beforeafterexperimentalcontrol designs 1187 future aim explain differences across programs correlating individual effect sizes varying program components varying methodological elements available across 100 evaluations

https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797615612727

Peter Sandiford|Patricia Morales|Anna Gorter|Edward F. Coyle|George Davey Smith

Why do child mortality rates fall? An analysis of the Nicaraguan experience.

comprehensive review available sources mortality data undertaken document changes occurred infant mortality nicaragua last three decades found rapid fall infant mortality commenced early 1970s continued steadily since trends several different factors might led breakthrough examined including income nutrition breastfeeding practices maternal education immunizations access health services provision water supplies sanitation antimalarial programs improved access health services appears important factor time number hospital beds per capita dropping increasing numbers health care professionals particularly nurses becoming available staff primary health care facilities built 1960s provided least partly response growing political turmoil enveloping nation time certain nicaraguan cultural attributes may added impact reforms efforts field public health made since 1979 insurrection appear maintained decline child mortality

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2018.09.003

Shui?fong Lam|Shane R. Jimerson|Hyeonsook Shin|Carmel Cefai|Feliciano Henriques Veiga|Chryse Hatzichristou|Fotini Polychroni|Eve Kikas|Bernard P. Wong|Elena St?nculescu|Julie Basnett|Robert Duck|Peter Farrell|Yi Liu|Valeria Negovan|Brett R. Nelson|Haitao Yang|Josef Zollneritsch

Cultural universality and specificity of student engagement in school: The results of an international study from 12 countries

University of Hong Kong|University of California, Santa Barbara|Gwangju National University of Education|Chonnam National University|University of Malta|Iscte – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa|University of Lisbon|National and Kapodistrian University of Athens|National and Kapodistrian University of Athens|University of Tartu|Tallinn University|Hong Kong Shue Yan University|University of Bucharest|St Helens Hospital|Laurentian University|University of Manchester|Yunnan Provincial Department of Education|University of Bucharest|California State University, San Bernardino|Zhejiang University

comprehensive understanding contextual factors linked student engagement requires research includes crosscultural perspectivesthis study investigated student engagement school associated grade gender contextual factors across 12 countries also investigated whether associations vary across countries different levels individualism socioeconomic developmentthe participants 3420 7th 8th 9th grade students austria canada china cyprus estonia greece malta portugal romania south korea united kingdom united statesthe participants completed questionnaire report engagement school instructional practices experienced support received teachers peers parents hierarchical linear modelling used examine effects student country levelsthe results across countries revealed decline student engagement grade 7 grade 9 girls reporting higher engagement boys trends vary across 12 countries according human development index hofstedes individualism index contextual factors instructional practices teacher support parent support positively associated student engagement exception parent support stronger association student engagement countries higher collectivism associations contextual factors student engagement vary across countriesthe results indicate cultural universality specificity regarding contextual factors associated student engagement school illustrate advantages integrating etic emic approaches crosscultural investigations

https://doi.org/10.1684/epd.2016.0839

Jin Shei Lai|Cindy J. Nowinski|David Victorson|Rita Bode|Tracy Podrabsky|Natalie McKinney|Don D. Straube|Gregory L. Holmes|Craig M. McDonald|Erik Henricson|Richard T. Abresch|Claudia S. Moy|David Cella

Quality-of-Life Measures in Children With Neurological Conditions

Northwestern University|Northwestern University|Northwestern University|Northwestern University|Northwestern University|Northwestern University|University of Illinois at Chicago|Dartmouth College|University of California Davis Medical Center|University of California Davis Medical Center|University of California Davis Medical Center|National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke|Northwestern University

comprehensive reliable valid measurement system needed monitor changes children neurological conditions experience lifelong functional limitationsthis article describes development psychometric properties pediatric version quality life neurological disorders neuroqol measurement systemthe pediatric neuroqol consists generic targeted measures literature review focus groups individual interviews cognitive interviews children consensus meetings used identify finalize relevant domains item content testing conducted 1018 children aged 10 17 years drawn us general population generic measures 171 similarly aged children muscular dystrophy epilepsy targeted measures dimensionality evaluated using factor analytic methods unidimensional domains item parameters estimated using item response theory models measures acceptable fit indices calibrated item banks without acceptable fit indices treated summary scalesten measures developed 8 generic targeted banks anxiety depression anger interaction peers fatigue pain applied cognition stigma 2 generic scales upper lower extremity function banks reliably r 090 measured 632 100 children testedthe pediatric neuroqol comprehensive measurement system acceptable psychometric properties could used computerized adaptive testing next step validate measures various clinical populations

https://doi.org/10.17921/2176-5634.2022v15n3p304-313

Bo Xie

Improving older adults' e-health literacy through computer training using NIH online resources

University of Maryland, College Park

computerbased health literacy intervention older adults developed assessed september 2007 june 2009 total 218 adults ages 6089 participated study two public libraries four weeklong curricula covered two national institutes health nih websites nihseniorhealthgov medlineplusgov computer web knowledge significantly improved pre postintervention p 01 cases computer attitudes significantly improved pre postintervention anxiety significantly decreased interest efficacy increased p 001 three cases participants found sites easy use able find needed information information found nihseniorhealth significantly useful medlineplus p 05 participants 78 reported learned affected participation health care participants positive feedback intervention findings support effectiveness popularity intervention tapping wellestablished public library nih infrastructure intervention great potential scalingup significant social economic implications diverse range communities individuals

https://doi.org/10.52041/srap.17404

Nancy Glass|Karen Eden|Tina Bloom|Nancy Perrin

Computerized Aid Improves Safety Decision Process for Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence

Johns Hopkins University|Oregon Health & Science University|University of Missouri|Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research

computerized safety decision aid developed tested spanish englishspeaking abused women shelters domestic violence dv support groups n 90 decision aid provides feedback risk lethal violence options safety assistance setting priorities safety safety plan personalized user women reported decision aid useful provided muchneeded privacy making safety decisions majority 69 reported severe extreme danger relationship scored danger assessment da 60 reported made safety plan using safety decision aid women felt supported decision p 012 less total decisional conflict p 014 study demonstrated computerized safety decision aid improved safety planning process demonstrated reduced decisional conflict one use sample abused women

https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650214534962

Robert Q. Pollard|Erika Sutter|Catherine Cerulli

Intimate Partner Violence Reported by Two Samples of Deaf Adults via a Computerized American Sign Language Survey

University of Rochester|University of Rochester|University of Rochester

computerized sign language survey administered two large samples deaf adults six questions regarding intimate partner violence ipv included querying lifetime pastyear experiences emotional abuse physical abuse forced sex comparison data available telephone survey local households deaf respondents reported high rates emotional abuse much higher rates forced sex general population respondents physical abuse rates comparable groups men women deaf samples reported pastyear physical sexual abuse pastyear ipv associated higher utilization hospital emergency services implications ipv research education intervention deaf community discussed

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19053116

Grady Venville|Léonie J. Rennie|Colin Hanbury|Nancy Longnecker

Scientists Reflect on Why They Chose to Study Science

University of Western Australia|Curtin University|University of Western Australia|University of Western Australia

concern commonly raised literature media relates declining proportions students enter remain science pipeline whether many countries including australia new zealand enough budding scientists fill research industry positions coming years addition concern insufficient numbers students continue science ensure informed scientifically literate citizenry aim research presented paper survey current australian new zealand scientists explore reasons choosing study science online survey conducted via link surveygizmo data presented 726 respondents answered 22 forcedchoice items openended question reasons chose study science quantitative data analysed using tests analyses variance followed duncans multiple range tests qualitative data analysed thematically quantitative data showed main reasons scientists reported choosing study science interested science good science secondary school science classes one particular science teacher also found important factors much less importance prestige science financial considerations qualitative data expanded findings showed passion science andor curiosity world important factors also highlighted importance recreational pursuits camping child words one respondent people dont go science money glory passion knowledge science always attracted field

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.03.023

Mostafa Langarizadeh|Majid Naghipour|Seyed Mohsen Tabatabaei|Abbas Mirzaei|Mohammad Eslami Vaghar

Prediction of internet addiction based on information literacy among students of Iran University of Medical Sciences

Iran University of Medical Sciences|Iran University of Medical Sciences|Iran University of Medical Sciences|Iran University of Medical Sciences|Tehran University of Medical Sciences|Islamic Azad University Medical Branch of Tehran

considerable group internet users consists university users however despite internet benefits capabilities internet overuse threat societies especially young people studentsthe objective study determine predictive role information literacy internet addiction among students iran university medical sciences 2016this analytical crosssectional study conducted iran university medical sciences 2016 using stratified random sampling method 365 students different disciplines selected measuring tools included information literacy questionnaire yang online drug addiction scale general health questionnaire collected data analyzed pearson productmoment correlation independent samples ttest multiple linear regression using spss version 22according study 312 students internet addiction 299 mildly addicted 13 severe addiction significant inverse relationship higher information literacy internet addiction r 045 p0001 predictor variable information literacy explained 20 variation outcome variable internet addictionstudents play substantial role promoting cultural scientific level knowledge society higher information literacy lower level internet addiction consequently general health society improve seems wise planning authorities irans universities prevent internet addiction increase information literacy among students needed

https://doi.org/10.1016/s0377-1237(08)80099-8

Olaf Zawacki?Richter|Colin Latchem

Exploring four decades of research in Computers &amp; Education

Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg

content analysis abstracts titles 3674 full papers computers education published 1976 2016 conducted order identify analyze thematic conceptual flow b reflected evolving technologies theories c research topics concepts semantically related abstracts titles considered appropriate conceptual analysis since lexically dense focus core issues presented articles based relational concept analysis using textmining tool study revealed course 40 years articles progressed four distinct stages reflecting major developments educational technology theories learning media advancement growth computerbased instruction 19761986 standalone multimedia learning 19871996 networked computers tools collaborative learning 19972006 online learning digital age 20072016 paper concludes suggesting mapping analysis literature fields educational technology including nonenglish language journals books conference proceedings provide valuable overview research scholarship communities practice inquiry around globe

https://doi.org/10.2307/3583165

Marilyn Lichtman

The Development and Validation of R/EAL, An Instrument to Assess Functional Literacy

Catholic University of America

contentreferenced test developed intended measurement functional literacy pertinent information regarding item construction validation procedures presented final version test containing 45 items based task analyses associated reading performance 9 domains everyday reading activities

https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afg110

Saira Parveen Jolly|Mahfuzar Rahman|Kaosar Afsana|Fakir Md Yunus|A Mushtaque R Chowdhury

Evaluation of Maternal Health Service Indicators in Urban Slum of Bangladesh

BRAC|BRAC|BRAC|BRAC|BRAC

continuous influx poor people urban slums poses challenge bangladeshs health system failed tackle maternal morbidity mortality brac largest nongovernmental organisation bangladesh brac working reduce maternal neonatal underfive children morbidity mortality slum dwellers cities brac work decade programme called manoshi programme provides doortodoor services beneficiaries community health workers chws normal delivery service delivery maternity centres brac started manoshi programme narayanganj city corporation 2011 address maternal neonatal child health problems facing slum dwellers investigated existing maternal healthservice indicators slums narayanganj city corporation compared findings nonintervention areathis crosssectional study conducted 2012 47 slums narayanganj city corporation intervention 10 slums narsingdi sadar municipality comparison area total 1206 married women aged 1549 years pregnancy outcome previous year included interview data sociodemographic characteristics reproductive maternal healthcare practices like use contraceptive methods antenatal care anc delivery care postnatal care pnc collected structured questionnaire chisquare test student test mann whitney utest factor analysis logbinominal test performed using stata statistical software analysing datathe activities brac chws significantly improved four anc 47 vs 21 p0000 pnc 48 vs 39 p001 coverage intervention slums compared comparison slums still half deliveries areas attended home unskilled birth attendants received pnc within 48 hours delivery poorest illiterate women received fewer maternal health services medically trained providers mtps poorest lower likelihood receiving services mtps delivery complicationsthe manoshi programme service coverage delivery care pnccheckup women prefer home delivery needs improved sustainable improvement maternal health outcomes urban slums programme needs facilitate access services poor illiterate women

https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-13.2.116

Christopher Schatschneider|Richard K. Wagner|Elizabeth C. Crawford

The importance of measuring growth in response to intervention models: Testing a core assumption

Florida State University|Florida State University|Florida State University

core assumption response instruction intervention rti models importance measuring growth achievement time response effective instruction intervention many rti models actively monitor growth identifying individuals need different levels intervention largescale n 23438 twoyear longitudinal study first grade children carried compare predictive validity measures achievement status growth achievement combination predicting future reading achievement results indicate typical conditions measures growth make contribution prediction independent measures achievement status results question validity core assumption rti models

https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2012.191

Usha Goswami|Jennifer M. Thomson|Ulla Richardson|Rhona Stainthorp|Diana Hughes|Stuart Rosen|Sophie K. Scott

Amplitude envelope onsets and developmental dyslexia: A new hypothesis

Royal Holloway University of London|University College London|University of London|Royal Holloway University of London|University College London|University of London|Royal Holloway University of London|University College London|University of London|Royal Holloway University of London|University College London|University of London|Royal Holloway University of London|University College London|University of London|University of London|Royal Holloway University of London|University College London|University College London|University of London|Royal Holloway University of London

core difficulty developmental dyslexia accurate specification neural representation speech argue likely perceptual cause difficulty deficit perceptual experience rhythmic timing speech rhythm one earliest cues used infants discriminate syllables determined principally acoustic structure amplitude modulation relatively low rates signal show significant differences dyslexic normally reading children young early readers normal developers amplitude envelope onset detection show individual differences sensitivity shape amplitude modulation account 25 variance reading spelling acquisition even controlling individual differences age nonverbal iq vocabulary possible causal explanation dependent perceptualcenter detection onsetrime representation syllables discussed

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.03936.x

Elliot M. Tucker?Drob|Timothy C. Bates

Large Cross-National Differences in Gene × Socioeconomic Status Interaction on Intelligence

The University of Texas at Austin|University of Edinburgh

core hypothesis developmental theory predicts genetic influences intelligence academic achievement suppressed conditions socioeconomic privation fully realized conditions socioeconomic advantage gene childhood socioeconomic status ses interaction tests hypothesis produced apparently inconsistent results performed metaanalysis tests gene ses interaction intelligence academicachievement test scores allowing stratification nation united states vs nonunited states conducted rigorous tests publication bias betweenstudies heterogeneity us studies found clear support moderately sized gene ses effects studies western europe australia social policies ensure uniform access highquality education health care gene ses effects zero reversed

https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9817.12313

Sarah J. Schrauben|Jesse Y. Hsu|Julie Wright Nunes|Michael J. Fischer|Anand Srivastava|Jing Chen|Jeanne Charleston|Susan Steigerwalt|Thida C. Tan|Jeffrey C. Fink|Ana C. Ricardo|James P. Lash|Myles Wolf|Harold I. Feldman|Amanda H. Anderson|Lawrence J. Appel|Harold I. Feldman|Alan S. Go|Jianmei He|John W. Kusek|James P. Lash|Panduranga S. Rao|Mahboob Rahman|Raymond R. Townsend

Health Behaviors in Younger and Older Adults With CKD: Results From the CRIC Study

University of Pennsylvania|University of Pennsylvania|University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|Jesse Brown VA Medical Center|University of Illinois at Chicago|Northwestern University|Tulane University|Johns Hopkins University|University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|Kaiser Permanente|University of Maryland, Baltimore|Jesse Brown VA Medical Center|University of Illinois at Chicago|Jesse Brown VA Medical Center|University of Illinois at Chicago|Duke University|University of Pennsylvania|University of Pennsylvania|University of Pennsylvania|Tulane University|Jesse Brown VA Medical Center|University of Illinois at Chicago

cornerstone kidney disease management participation guidelinerecommended health behaviors however relationship health behaviors outcomes identification barriers health behavior engagement described among younger older adults chronic kidney diseasedata cohort study 5499 individuals chronic kidney disease used identify health behavior patterns latent class analysis stratified age 65 65 years cox models stratified diabetes assessed association health behavior patterns chronic kidney disease ckd progression atherosclerotic events death logistic regression used assess barriers health behavior engagementthree health behavior patterns identified 1 healthy pattern 2 less healthy patterns comprising 1 pattern obesity sedentary activity 1 smoking less obesity less healthy patterns associated increased hazard poor outcomes among participants 65 years age less healthy patterns vs healthy pattern associated increased hazard death diabetic individuals hazard ratio hr 217 95 confidence interval ci 109429 hr 250 95 ci 139450 cardiovascular events among nondiabetic individuals hr 149 95 ci 104243 hr 297 95 ci 149590 individuals obesesedentary pattern increased risk ckd progression diabetic hr 134 95 ci 113159 among older adults less healthy patterns associated increased risk death hr 297 95 ci 143619 hr 347 95 ci 148811 nondiabetic potential barriers recommended health behaviors include lower health literacy selfefficacyidentifying health behavior patterns barriers may help target highrisk groups strategies increase participation health behaviors

https://doi.org/10.2196/mental.3649

Deb K. Pal|Colin D. Ferrie|Laura Addis|Tomoyuki Akiyama|Giuseppe Capovilla|Roberto Caraballo|Anne de Saint?Martin|Natalio Fejerman|Renzo Guerrini|Khalid Hamandi|Ingo Helbig|Andreas A. Ioannides|Katsuhiro Kobayashi|Dennis Lal|Gaëtan Lesca|Hiltrud Muhle|Bernd A. Neubauer|Tiziana Pisano|Gabrielle Rudolf|Caroline Seegmüller|Takashi Shibata|Anna Smith|Pasquale Striano|Lisa J. Strug|Pierre Szepetowski|Thalia Valeta|Harumi Yoshinaga|Michalis Koutroumanidis

Idiopathic focal epilepsies: the “lost tribe”

Neuroscience Institute|King's College London|Evelina London Children's Healthcare|King's College Hospital|Leeds General Infirmary|Neuroscience Institute|King's College London|Okayama University|Azienda Ospedaliera Carlo Poma|Garrahan Hospital|Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg|Garrahan Hospital|Neuroscience Institute|King's College London|University Hospital of Wales|Cardiff University|University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein|University of Lübeck|Okayama University|Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases|University of Cologne|Inserm|French National Centre for Scientific Research|Claude Bernard University Lyon 1|Lyon Neuroscience Research Center|University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein|University of Lübeck|Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg|Meyer Children's Hospital|University of Florence|Inserm|University of Strasbourg|Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg|King's College London|Neuroscience Institute|King's College London|Neuroscience Institute|University of Genoa|Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences|University of Toronto|Hospital for Sick Children|SickKids Foundation|Inserm|Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée|Aix-Marseille University|St Thomas' Hospital|Okayama University|Lambeth Hospital|St Thomas' Hospital

corollary questions regarding comorbidities role focal interictal spikes enduring impact cognitive functioningwhat explains paradox epilepsies characterised abundant interictal epileptiform abnormalities often associated clinical seizuresthis exciting area clinical experimental arenas eventually important implications clinical management whole child taking account seizures also adaptive functioning quality lifefor several decades accepted evidencefree approach using using antiepileptic drugs ifesthere huge international variation handful studies examining neurocognitive outcomesclearly situation ready overhaul practicefundamental understanding treatment knowledge aetiologyin recent years several significant discoveries ifes studies copy number variation exome sequencing linkage prompt reconsideration unknown cause classification strongly suggest genetic aetiologythe ife strongly agerelated regards age seizure onset remissiondoes time window solely relate similar agerelated gene expression epigenetic factors involved might also explain low observed twin concordancethe genetic epigenetic models different ifes comorbidities similarities neurodevelopmental disorders deserve investigation coming yearsin probably learn much normal brain functioningthis disorders perhaps human brain disease disorders functional brain systems even though functional networks may yet fully definedin june 2012 international group clinical basic science researchers met london auspices waterloo foundation discuss debate issues relation ifesthis waterloo foundation symposium idiopathic focal epilepsies phenotype genotype witnessed presentations explored clinical phenomenology phenotypes endophenotypes genetic approaches investigation disordersin parallel impact epilepsies children families reviewedthe papers supplement based upon presentationsthey represent updated stateoftheart thinking topics exploredthe symposium led formation international working groups umbrella lukes idiopathic focal epilepsy project investigate various aspects idiopathic focal epilepsies including semiology classification genetics cognition sleep highfrequency oscillations parental resources see wwwchildhoodepilepsyorgthe next sponsored international workshop june 2014 randomised controlled trials ifes overnight learning outcome measures

https://doi.org/10.1188/10.cjon.765-770

Márcio Antoniassi|Fátima Aparecida da Silva Dias

Letramento Estatístico: Uma Revisão de Literatura com Artigos da Base de Dados ERIC

Anhanguera-Uniderp University|Anhanguera-Uniderp University

crescente gerao de dados em nossa sociedade decorrente avano da tecnologia da informao requer que cidado possua novas competncias entre elas letramento estatstico definido como habilidade de avaliar e interpretar mensagens baseadas em informaes estatsticas neste artigo apresentamos reviso de literatura parte de pesquisa de mestrado em educao matemtica cujo objetivo foi investigar entendimento de alunos da educao superior na modalidade de ensino distncia em relao ao letramento estatstico busca de produes publicadas idioma ingls revisadas por pares e disponveis em verso completa banco de dados eric foi realizada em setembro de 2022 utilizando descritor statistical literacy ao selecionar higher education em nvel de educao resultou em 11 artigos os quais foram listados e discutidos um mapa de reviso de literatura foi apresentado complementando discusso dos estudos em que destacamos quatro produes sendo duas que abordaram estatstica descritiva e visualizao de dados e outras duas que apresentam contribuies para formao de alunos e pesquisadores consideramos que necessidade de novas abordagens de estudos se mostra evidente diante baixo nvel de conhecimento descrito pelos pesquisadores que refora importncia da continuidade de pesquisas envolvendo letramento estatstico na perspectiva dos multiletramentos em uma abordagem multidisciplinar e desenvolvimento de uma cultura baseada em dados palavraschave letramento estatstico educao superior educao estatstica abstractthe increasing generation data society resulting advancement information technology demands citizen new competencies including statistical literacy defined ability evaluate interpret messages based statistical information article present literature review part masters research mathematics education whose aim investigate understanding higher education students distance learning modality relation statistical literacy search productions english language peerreviewed full text available eric database carried september 2022 using descriptor statistical literacy selecting higher education education level resulted 11 articles listed discussed literature review map presented complementing discussion studies highlight four productions two addressed descriptive statistics data visualization two others present contributions training students researchers consider need new approaches studies evident view low level knowledge described researchers reinforces importance continuing research involving statistical literacy perspective multiliteracies multidisciplinary approach developing datadriven culture keywords statistical literacy higher education statistical education

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2014.08.003

Alex Bux

Facilitating statistical literacy for evidence-based nursing practice: an active-learning approach

Pace University

critical component nursing education curriculum facilitating evidencebased practice judicious use evidence toward effective patient care among knowledge skill sets required statistical literacy generally perceived difficult resulting learning outcomes lacking paper presents studentcentered approach teaching statistical literacy students engaged individual group critique analysis scientific research articles students facilitated make meaningful connections general students motivated engaged addressing broader research context variables relationships become meaningful hence greater conceptual grasp statistics result transferrable knowledge skills activelearning approach facilitates meaningmaking experience improves selfefficacy makes learning interesting meaningful rather mechanical anxietydriven activelearning strategies implemented formally assessed

https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/12237

S. Shyam Sundar|Saraswathi Bellur|Jeeyun Oh|Haiyan Jia|Hyang Sook Kim

Theoretical Importance of Contingency in Human-Computer Interaction

Pennsylvania State University|Sungkyunkwan University|University of Connecticut|Robert Morris University|Pennsylvania State University|St. Norbert College

critical determinant message interactivity presence contingency messages receive contingent upon messages send leading threaded loop interdependent messages conversational ideal easily achieved facetoface computermediated communications cmc imbuing contingency humancomputer interaction hci challenge propose two interface featuresinteraction history synchronous chatfor increasing perceptions contingency therefore user engagement test fivecondition betweenparticipants experiment n 110 movie search site data suggest interaction history indeed heighten perceptions contingency dialogue perceived less interactive chatting however chat function appreciably increase perceived contingency user engagement shown mediate effects message interactivity attitudes toward site theoretical implications interactivity research practical implications interaction design discussed

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2018.05.005

Anders Lund Hage Haugen|Kirsti Riiser|Marc Esser-Noethlichs|Ove Edvard Hatlevik

Developing Indicators to Measure Critical Health Literacy in the Context of Norwegian Lower Secondary Schools

OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University|OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University|OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University|OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University

critical health literacy chl approach recommended promoting health school context construct complex includes three interconnected domains appraisal critical information b awareness social determinants health sdh c collective action promote health wellbeing recent literature reviews measurement instrument covers three domains chl schoolcontext found aim develop selfreported measurement scales domain chl development process reported study conducted two stages first stage initial item pool generated based literature reviews focus group interviews n 15 adolescents steps 12 next steps items adjusted removed based feedback expert panel representatives target group steps 35 stage two aimed reduce number items develop scales domain piloted current draft consists 28 items n 114 subsample n 10 participants interviewed completed survey examine instruments face validity cronbachs used assess internal reliability scales reliability promising scales 083 c 085 recommended value scale b 061 model fit indices promising tliscalea 097 rsmeascalea 0055 tliscaleb 105 rmseascaleb 000 tliscalec 095 rmseascalec 0074 piloted version scales c positively correlated subjective health literacy healthrelated quality life subjective health however found correlations scale b postsurvey group interviews led adjustments scales b revised version chlaq must tested using larger sample enable robust statistical testing properties items scale

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2012.12.007

Mark Eggerman|Catherine Panter?Brick

Suffering, hope, and entrapment: Resilience and cultural values in Afghanistan

Durham University|Durham University

critical healthrelated issue waraffected areas people make sense adversity show resilience highrisk environment afghanistan burden poor mental health arises contexts pervasive poverty social inequality persistent violence 2006 conducted facetoface interviews 1011 children age 1116 1011 adult caregivers randomly selected schoolbased survey three northern central areas participants narrated experiences part systematic health survey including openended questionnaire major life stressors solutions mitigate responses analysed using inductive thematic approach categorised quantitative presentation producing conceptual model adults primary concern repairing broken economy root miseries social educational governance health domains students frustrations focus learning environments well poverty education perceived gateway upward social economic mobility hope arises sense moral social order embodied expression key cultural values faith family unity service effort morals honour values form bedrock resilience drive social aspirations underpin selfrespect dignity however economic impediments social expectations cultural dictates also combine create entrapment ability realise personal social aspirations frustrated structural inequalities injurious health wellbeing study contributes small growing body work resilience public health conflict settings demonstrates culture functions anchor resilience anvil pain highlights relevance ethnographic work identifying matters formulating social public health policies promote hopeful future

https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114500000441

Reema Mukherjee|Sanjay Chaturvedi|Rajvir Bhalwar

Determinants of Nutritional Status of School Children

Command Hospital|Armed Forces Medical College|Armed Forces Medical College

cross sectional study carried determine nutritional status school children army school pune anthropometric survey 760 school children carried compared nchswho reference standards determine nutritional status associations nutritional status socioeconomic status education status parents mothers working status family size determined prevalence stunting 1381 wasting 671 nutrition 987 mothers educational level wasting socio economic status family size significantly associated nutritional status child maternal educational status socioeconomic status family size important determinants nutritional status school children

https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1203

Asia Hussein|Rose Mpembeni

Recognition of High Risk Pregnancies and Referral Practices among Traditional Birth Attendants in Mkuranga District, Coast Region, Tanzania

Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences

crosssectional study carried mkuranga district tanzania aim comparing ability trained untrained traditional birth attendants tbas identifying women danger signs developing complications pregnancy childbirth well referral practices study findings revealed majority tbas 865 received training trained tbas knowledgeable danger signs pregnancy childbirth likely refer women complications health facility compared untrained tbas authors recommend resource constrained countries like tanzania especially remote rural areas tbas trained early identification mothers obstetrical complications prompt referral health facilities provide emergency obstetric care

https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2012.712888

Harry Ka Man Lee|Rhonda J. Scudds

Comparison of balance in older people with and without visual impairment

Hong Kong Polytechnic University|Hong Kong Polytechnic University

crosssectional study used compare balance ability older people without visual impairmenttung wah group hospitals jockey club rehabilitation complex pok oi hospital jockey club care attention homes aged individualsa total 66 subjects 65 years age older divided three groups based degree visual impairmentthe directional es chart used test subjects visual acuity functional balance ability measured using berg balance scale demographic characteristics baseline variables lower extremity range motion muscle strength joint pain assessed compared groups66 older adults 43 women 23 men aged 6994 years age participated study oneway anova showed mean berg balance scores significantly different f263 1919 p 0001 post hoc tests showed group visual impairment higher mean balance scores group mild visual impairment p 004 moderate visual impairment p 0001 balance scores group mild visual impairment also shown significantly difference group moderate visual impairment p 0003 control factors related balance range motion pain strength affect analysis variance analysesbalance shown impaired greater visual impairment could result falls resultant injury findings suggest early intervention improve visual acuity older people may important

https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105316678668

Isabel M. Vazquez|Barbara E. Millen|Laurie Bissett|Suzette Levenson|Stuart R. Chipkin

<i>Buena Alimentation, Buena Salud</i>: A Preventive Nutrition Intervention in Caribbean Latinos with Type 2 Diabetes

Boston Medical Center|Boston University

culturally sensitive 3month intervention provided 18 caribbean latino men women noninsulindependent type 2 diabetes mellitus compared randomly assigned control group intervention group showed statistically significant decreases total calories fat calories percent calories fat saturated fat calories percent calories saturated fat intervention group showed increases calories carbohydrates percent calories fiber

https://doi.org/10.1071/ah14187

Sunil Bhopal|Kay Mann|Mark S. Pearce

Registration of cancer in girls remains lower than expected in countries with low/middle incomes and low female education rates

Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust|Royal Victoria Infirmary|Royal Victoria Infirmary|Newcastle University|Royal Victoria Infirmary|Newcastle University

decade ago reported childhood cancer incidence higher boys girls many countries particularly low gross domestic product gdp high infant mortality rate research suggests socioeconomic cultural factors likely responsible study aimed investigate association cancer registration rate sex ratios economic social healthcarerelated factors using recent data 19982002for 62 countries childhood 015 years cancer registration rate sex ratios calculated cancer incidence five continents vol ix economic social healthcare indicator data collatedincreased age standardised cancer registration rate sex ratio mf significantly associated decreasing life expectancy p005 physician density p005 per capita health expenditure p005 gdp p001 education sex ratios primary school enrolment sex ratio p001 secondary school enrolment sex ratio p001 adult literacy sex ratio p001 increasing proportion living less int1 per day p003the previously described cancer registration sex disparity remains particularly countries poor health system indicators low female education rates suggest girls cancer continue go undiagnosed incidence data particularly low middleincome countries continue interpreted caution

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12052-009-0161-0

Gillian Baird|Vicky Slonims|Emily Simonoff|Katharina Dworzynski

Impairment in non-word repetition: a marker for language impairment or reading impairment?

Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust|King's College London|Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust|King's College London|King's College London|Royal College of Physicians

deficit nonword repetition nwr measure shortterm phonological memory proposed marker language impairment found language impairment also reading impairment evaluated strength association language impairment reading impairment children current past language impairment assessed differential impairment nwr compared two tests verbal memory children language impairment without reading impairmentour sample comprised children aged 616y 11mo participating study genetics language impairment 78 children 68 families 53 males 25 females current language impairment cli compared 74 siblings 25 children 18 males seven females past history language impairment 49 children 27 males 22 females never language impairment tests used clinical evaluation language fundamentals celf iii childrens test nonword repetition cnrep wide range assessment memory learning wraml verbal memory index wechsler intelligence scale childreniii wisciii digit span wechsler objective reading dimensions worduk reading impairment present twothirds children current language impairment nwr deficits significantly worse children language impairment reading impairment reading decoding p0007 0004 average group compared borderline definitely impaired groups respectively spelling p0002 0005 average group compared borderline severely impaired groups respectively correlated severity language impairment comprehension impairment contrast wisc digit span wraml verbal memory impaired children language impairment differentiate also reading impairmentwe suggest current nwr ability may marker process specifically underlying language impairment cooccurring reading impairment involving reading decoding spelling rather generic correlate language impairment verbal memory deficits appear pervasive children language impairment

https://doi.org/10.1021/ed200252q

Kyle Levesque|Helen Breadmore|S. Hélène Deacon

How morphology impacts reading and spelling: advancing the role of morphology in models of literacy development

Dalhousie University|Coventry University|Dalhousie University

defining feature language lies capacity represent meaning across oral written forms morphemes smallest units meaning language fundamental building blocks encode meaning morphological skills enable effective use oral written language increasing evidence indicates morphological skills linked literacy outcomes including word reading spelling reading comprehension despite evidence precise ways morphology influences development childrens literacy skills remain largely underspecified theoretical models reading spelling development paper draw extensive empirical evidence base english explicitly detail morphology might integrated models reading spelling development build perspective morphology multidimensional support literacy development culmination efforts morphological pathways framework adapted framework illuminates precise mechanisms morphology impacts word reading spelling reading comprehension framework bring greater clarity specificity use morphemes oral written language supports development childrens literacy skills also highlight gaps literature revealing important areas focus future research improve theoretical understanding furthermore paper provides valuable theoretical insight guide future empirical inquiries identifying precise morphological targets intervention may widespread implications informing literacy practices classroom educational policies broadly

https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnw039

Alison Hui|Paul Wong|King?Wa Fu

Evaluation of an Online Campaign for Promoting Help-Seeking Attitudes for Depression Using a Facebook Advertisement: An Online Randomized Controlled Experiment

University of Hong Kong|University of Hong Kong|University of Hong Kong

depressionawareness campaign delivered internet recommended public health approach would enhance mental health literacy encourage helpseeking attitudes however outcomes campaign remain understudiedthe main aim study evaluate effectiveness online depression awareness campaign informed theory planned behavior encourage helpseeking attitudes depression enhance mental health literacy hong kong second aim examine clickthrough behaviors varying affective facial expressions people facebook advertisementspotential participants recruited facebook advertisements using either happy sad face illustration volunteer participants registered study clicking advertisement invited leave personal email addresses receive educational content depression participants randomly assigned two groups campaign control four consecutive week period received either campaign material official information developed hospital authority hong kong pretests posttests conducted campaign measure differences helpseeking attitudes mental health literacy among campaign control groupsof 199 participants registered completed pretest 116 55 campaign 62 control completed campaign posttest posttest found significant changes helpseeking attitudes campaign control groups campaign group participants demonstrated statistically significant improvement mental health literacy p031 higher willingness access additional information p001 control group moreover happy face facebook advertisement attracted clickthroughs users website sad face advertisement p03the present study provides evidence online campaign enhance peoples mental health literacy also demonstrates practicality effectiveness online depression awareness campaign using facebookbased recruitment strategy distribution educational materials emails important future studies take advantage popularity online social media conduct evaluative research mental health promotion campaigns

https://doi.org/10.1177/1468798411410802

Ardith Z. Doorenbos|Linda H. Eaton|Emily A. Haozous|Cara Towle|Laura Revels|Dedra Buchwald

Satisfaction With Telehealth for Cancer Support Groups in Rural American Indian and Alaska Native Communities

University of Washington|Seattle University

descriptive study conducted determine information needs american indian ai alaska native cancer survivors assess satisfaction acceptability telehealth support group services cancer survivors ai rural communities ai cancer survivors asked complete telehealth satisfaction survey two openended questions one regarding information needs one seeking comments suggestions cancer support group meetings thirtytwo surveys returned information nutrition treatment treatmentrelated side effects sought topics participants valued opportunity interact ai cancer survivors also lived remote locations usefulness information presented link geographically distant survivors valuable participants felt longer alone cancer experiences determining survivors information needs provides meaningful topics future support group education telehealth viable way facilitate cancer support groups ai cancer survivors rural communities

https://doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v37i3.530

Dianne Wynaden|Margaret McAllister|Jenny Tohotoa|Omar Al Omari|Karen Heslop|Ravani Duggan|Séan Murray|Brenda Happell|Louise Byrne

The Silence of Mental Health Issues Within University Environments: A Quantitative Study

Curtin University|Central Queensland University|Curtin University|Jerash University|Curtin University|Curtin University|Curtin University|Central Queensland University|Central Queensland University

descriptive study used examine attitudes experiences staff students towards mental health problems staff completed attitude towards mental illness survey students selfidentified mental health problem completed stigma scale using online collection process data 270 staff 201 students showed silence surrounding mental health problems permeates university environment impacts help seeking behaviors provision support recovery wellbeing affected individuals universities must decrease stigma foster social inclusion build selfesteem people mental health problems

https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-9-129

William Guo|Wei Li

A Workshop on Social Media Apps for Year-10 Students: An Exploratory Case Study on Digital Technology Education in Regional Australia

Central Queensland University|Central Queensland University

designated handson workshop social media apps conducted two groups year10 students three schools near rockhampton outer regional city australia covid19 pandemic hosted computer laboratory rockhampton campus central queensland university australia statistical analyses students responses interactive practices workshop indicated social media apps widely used among school students living australian regional communities general digital literacy seemed educational goals year10 students required national digital technologies curriculum dtc encouraging sign students expressed genuine desire interest learning digital technologies creating purposeful digital applications australia however national specialist dtc students years 11 12 hence may worthwhile consider designing implementing advanced national specialist digital curriculum senior students years 11 12 true lovers digital technologies thoughts improving stem education outcomes secondary schools regional areas also shared

https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4076(96)01813-1

Sara Quinn|Seamus Donnelly|Evan Kidd

The relationship between symbolic play and language acquisition: A meta-analytic review

Australian National University|Australian National University|Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics|Australian National University

developmental relationship symbolic play language long proposed going far back writings piaget vygotsky current paper build recent qualitative reviews literature reporting first quantitative analysis relationship conducted threelevel metaanalysis past studies investigated relationship symbolic play language acquisition thirtyfive studies n 6848 met criteria inclusion overall observed significant smalltomedium association two domains r 35 several moderating variables included analyses including study design longitudinal concurrent ii manner language measured comprehension production iii age relationship measured effect weakly moderated three variables overall association robust suggesting symbolic play language closely related development

https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000356

John G. Ryan|Terri Jennings|Isabel Vittoria|Mark Fedders

Short and Long-Term Outcomes from a Multisession Diabetes Education Program Targeting Low-Income Minority Patients: A Six-Month Follow Up

University of Miami|University of Miami|University of Miami

diabetes selfmanagement education dsme program offered patients primary care clinic serving lowincome peoplethe purpose analyses presented understand feasibility program effectiveness interventionthe program facilitated nurse licensed dietician data collected baseline class 6 months patients interviewed identify diabetes selfcare behaviors first class fourth class 6 months knowledge related content areas measured class glycosylated hemoglobin hba1c blood pressure weight body mass index bmi collected baseline 6 months medical records reviewed ldl levels comorbidity diabetes management frequencies 2 tests repeated measures tests used analyze datapatients mostly nonhispanic black hispanic 931 mean bmi 3489 kgm2 onehalf 4195 completed program significant improvements observed knowledge related 4 content areas diet p 0001 diabetes management p 0003 monitoring blood glucose p 0001 preventing complications p 0001 among longterm outcomes mean hba1c significantly reduced 082 860 778 p 0007 2667 patients reducing hba1c 70 baseline 7 follow p 0001 patients demonstrated significant improvement readiness improve dietary behaviors p 0016outcomes suggested minority patients high risk poor diabetes outcomes might retained multisession dsme program benefit increasing knowledge diabetes content evaluation necessary determine costeffectiveness intervention

https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.5975

A. Black|Ailsa Welch|Sheila Bingham

Validation of dietary intakes measured by diet history against24 h urinary nitrogen excretion and energy expenditure measuredby the doubly-labelled water method in middle-aged women

diet history method estimating energy n intakes validated 24 h urinary n excretion energy expenditure measured doublylabelled water dlw method fortyeight women aged 5065 years studied 1 year weighed diet records 4 two 24 h urine collections measurement urinary n excretion obtained four seasons end year diet history obtained bmr measured wholebody calorimetry sixteen women total energy expenditure ee measured dlw energy intake ei n intake ni calculated using food tables using weighed records diet history respectively mean ni 1121 sd 209 g 1147 sd 240 g ns ei 808 sd 154 mj 820 sd 186 mj ns mean urine nni eibmr values indicated bias underreporting weighed record diet history techniques individuals significant difference measures group level pearson correlation coefficient r urine n v ni 081 weighed record 038 diet history correlation ee v ei r 048 weighed record r 011 diet history study diet history gave estimate mean intake weighed record appeared perform better ranking individuals

https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12658

Nawaraj Bhattarai|A Toby Prevost|Alison J. Wright|Judith Charlton|Caroline Rudisill|Martin Gulliford

Effectiveness of interventions to promote healthy diet in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

King's College London|King's College London|King's College London|King's College London|London School of Economics and Political Science|King's College London

diet rich fruit vegetables dietary fibre low fat associated reduced risk chronic disease review aimed estimate effectiveness interventions promote healthy diet primary prevention among participants attending primary care systematic review trials using individual cluster randomisation interventions delivered primary care promote dietary change 12 months healthy participants free chronic disease defined high risk states outcomes change fruit vegetable intake consumption total fat fibre changes serum cholesterol concentration ten studies included 12414 participants design delivery interventions diverse respect grounding behavioural theory intervention intensity metaanalysis three studies showed increase fruit consumption 025 001 049 servings per day increase vegetable consumption 025 006 044 serving per day three studies reported fruit vegetable consumption together showed pooled increment 050 013 087 servings per day pooled effect consumption dietary fibre four studies estimated 197 043 352 gm fibre per day data five studies showed mean decrease total fat intake 52 total energy 15 88 data three studies showed mean decrease serum cholesterol 010 019 000 mmoll presentlyreported interventions promote healthy diet primary prevention primary care illustrate diverse range intervention methods may yield small beneficial changes consumption fruit vegetables fibre fat 12 months present results exclude possibility effective intervention strategies might developed

https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12138

Lori E. Skibbe|Annemarie H. Hindman|Carol McDonald Connor|Michelle Housey|Frederick J. Morrison

Relative Contributions of Prekindergarten and Kindergarten to Children's Literacy and Mathematics Skills

Michigan State University|Temple University|Arizona State University|Michigan Department of Health and Human Services|University of Michigan–Ann Arbor

difficulty developmental researchers disambiguating childrens general maturation influence schooling study use natural experiment examine influence prekindergarten kindergarten schooling experiences development literacy mathematics children n 60 whose birthdates fell within two months statedetermined cutoff date prekindergarten kindergarten entry administered four subtests woodcockjohnson tests achievement iii fall spring school year using hierarchical linear modeling coupled propensity score matching children starting kindergarten prior experience prekindergarten higher scores measures phonological awareness early reading mathematics skills children attended prekindergarten previously even though essentially age fall vocabulary scores differ relation whether children prekindergarten experience addition although children attended kindergarten well attended prekindergarten exhibited growth measures school year children attended kindergarten demonstrated greater gains early reading vocabulary school year findings highlight potential early schooling processes facilitate childrens intellectual growth

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2009.01037.x

Sîan A. McLean|Eleanor H. Wertheim|Mathew D. Marques|Susan J. Paxton

Dismantling prevention: Comparison of outcomes following media literacy and appearance comparison modules in a randomised controlled trial

La Trobe University|La Trobe University|La Trobe University|La Trobe University

dismantling study body dissatisfaction prevention conducted adolescent girls n 260 randomly allocated media literacy happy media literacy appearance comparison happy appearance comparison intervention healthy eating behaviour control happy healthy eating behaviour condition happy appearance comparison condition improvements baseline postprogramme followup upward appearance comparison fear negative appearance evaluation observed happy media literacy condition improvements observed baseline postprogramme upward appearance comparison realism scepticism findings similar highrisk subsample overall moderately supportive appearance comparisonbased interventions less supportive standalone media literacy intervention

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.04.012

Tim Luckett|Priyanka Bhattarai|Jane Phillips|Meera Agar|David C. Currow|Yordanka Krastev|Patricia M. Davidson

Advance care planning in 21st century Australia: a systematic review and appraisal of online advance care directive templates against national framework criteria

University of Technology Sydney|University of Technology Sydney|University of Technology Sydney|University of Technology Sydney|University of Technology Sydney

drive promote advance care planning population level led proliferation online advance care directive acd templates little information guide consumer choice current study aimed appraise quality online acd templates promoted use australiaa systematic review online australian acd templates conducted february 2014 acd templates identified via google searches quality independently appraised two reviewers criteria 2011 report national frameworkfor advance care directives bias either towards future medical treatment assessed using criteria designed limit subjectivityfourteen online acd templates included available english templates developed southern cross university best met framework criteria one acd template found biased medical treatmentthe dying dignity victoria advance healthcare directivemore research needed understand online resources optimally elicit record consumers individual preferences future care future iterations framework address online availability provide simple rating system inform choice drive quality improvement

https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv005

Daniel T. O’Brien|David Sloan Wilson|Patricia H. Hawley

“Evolution for Everyone”: A Course that Expands Evolutionary Theory Beyond the Biological Sciences

Binghamton University|Binghamton University|University of Kansas

firm grasp evolution invaluable understanding species addition rest biological world however much american public reject evolution many thinkers within scientific community resist application disciplines attempt overcome challenges education evolutionary studies evos program binghamton university bu strives present evolution theory relevant humanrelated subjects present cornerstone program evolution everyone introductorylevel general education course academically diverse student population curriculum delves darwins theory uses illustrate classical biology ideas pertain full range humanrelated disciplines material framed terms scientific inquiry including direct participation research evaluation course demonstrated increases understanding acceptance evolution relevance humanrelated academic disciplines everyday life evos program received national science foundation funding expand nationwide consortium providing strong infrastructure development similar courses institutions

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4072-z

Angela M. Locknar|Rudolph Mitchell|Janet Rankin|Donald R. Sadoway

Integration of Information Literacy Components into a Large First-Year Lecture-Based Chemistry Course

Massachusetts Institute of Technology|Massachusetts Institute of Technology|Massachusetts Institute of Technology|Massachusetts Institute of Technology

firstyear chemistry course ideal introducing students finding using scholarly information early academic careers fourpronged approach lectures homework problems videos model solutions used incorporate library research skills large lecturebased course pre postcourse surveying demonstrated effective scalable way teach lifelong skills requiring minimal additional effort time part lecturer

https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00396

Britta Baer|Anjana Bhushan|Hala Abou Taleb|Javier Vásquez|Rebekah Thomas

The Right to Health of Older People

World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific|World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific|World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean|World Health Organization Regional Office for the Americas|World Health Organization

focus right enjoyment highest attainable standard health hereinafter right health draws attention health needs older people including marginalized among many factors influence vulnerability impede enjoyment health access quality services result inability freely exercise human rights human rights approach help address legal social structural barriers good health older persons clarifying legal obligations state nonstate actors uphold respect rights however despite growing impetus action area historically received limited attention drawing practice examples different regions article unpacks meaning right health related human rights older people practice covering health care underlying determinants health questions availability accessibility acceptability quality highlighted perspective older peoples health wellbeing article brings together knowledge principles norms standards human rights law health ageing arenas making links arenas hoped article fills gap thinking achieve progressive realization right health older people effective promotion protection related human rights crucial enjoyment health

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-010-9220-5

Barbara Bradley|David Reinking

A formative experiment to enhance teacher-child language interactions in a preschool classroom

University of Kansas|Clemson University

formative experiment investigated two strategies aimed increasing quality quantity language interactions could integrated preschool classroom strategies enriching language interactions introduced book sharing semistructured group activities mealtimes mixed methods revealed factors enhanced inhibited sometimes prevented integration enriching language interactions school day accordingly adaptations might warranted specifically data revealed increases quantity quality teacherchild interactions book sharing mealtimes semistructured group activities implications discussed professional development classroom practice formative experiments reveal unique insights preschool classrooms

https://doi.org/10.1145/3166.3167

J. Paul Grayson

Unequal Treatment and Program Satisfaction Among Students of European and Chinese Origin

York University

four year panel study ethnically diverse commuter university examines relationships among assessments professor performance gpa academic program satisfaction perceptions equal treatment students varying ethnoracial origins repeated analyses variance indicate although first three variables clearly divide basis ethnoracial origin noneuropean origin students likely european origin perceive students treated equally analyses relationships among variables within years indicates factors explaining program satisfaction students european origin different explaining satisfaction chinese origin students former likely certain personality characteristics play key role latter perceptions equal treatment students importantx0d un panel dune dure de quatre ans constitu dans une universit nonrsidentielle frquente par des tudiantes et tudiants dorigines ethniques diverses nous permis dexaminer les relations entre les variables suivantes la perception de la performance des enseignantsla moyenne gnrale la satisfaction lgard du programme dtudes et la perception dun traitement gal de tous peu importe lorigine ethnique des analyses de variance rptes indiquent que les trois premires de ces variables ne crent pas de distinctions claires sur la base de lorigine ethnique par contre les tudiantes et tudiants dorigine autre queuropenne sont plus susceptibles que ceux dorigine europenne de percevoir que tous ne sont pas traits galement de plus lanalyse des relations entre variables au cours dune mme anne et entre diffrentes annes indique que les facteurs expliquant la satisfaction des tudiantes et tudiants dorigine europenne sont diffrents de ceux qui expliquent la satisfaction de ceux dorigine chinoise pour les premiers il semble que certaines caractristiques associes la personnalit jouent un rle pour les seconds il est plus important de percevoir que tous les tudiantes et tudiants sont traits galement

https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.53.4.898

Catherine Moore|Jo Leonardi?Bee

The prevalence of pain and disability one year post fracture of the distal radius in a UK population: A cross sectional survey

University of Nottingham|University of Nottingham

fracture distal radius commonly occurring fracture accounts third fractures elderly thus far one year estimates pain disability following fracture distal radius reported canadian populations primary aim study investigate prevalence pain disability uk population one year post fracture distal radiusa crosssectional survey undertaken subjects suffering fracture distal radius october 2005 february 2006 nottingham uk primary outcomes used vas pain dash disability prevalence pain disability calculated odds ratios presented associations demographics pain disability93264 35 subjects responded questionnaire 6 subjects fulfill inclusion criteria excluded analysis 11 subjects reported moderate severe pain 16 subjects reported moderate severe disability statistically significant associations found pain medication usage wrist fracture moderate severe pain 1120 95 ci 205 6123 moderate severe disability associated older age 653 95ci 165 2590 pain medication usage wrist fracture 475 95 ci 138 1637 working associated reduction risk moderate severe disability 014 95 ci 003 067this study demonstrates small proportion patients still suffering moderate severe pain disability one year post fracture distal radius study also demonstrates significant associations characteristics patients level pain disability highlights need research appropriate management patients order reduce burden pain disability particularly predominantly elderly patient group

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2013.04.005

Lung?fei Lee|Mark R. Rosenzweig|Mark M. Pitt

The effects of improved nutrition, sanitation, and water quality on child health in high-mortality populations

University of Hong Kong|Hong Kong University of Science and Technology|University of Pennsylvania|Brown University|Providence College

framework set estimating effects interventions child health considers changes allocation family resources among children survive survival selectivity changes health surviving children net family resources estimates based structuralequations semiparametric models applied data describing households rural areas two lowincome countries indicate conventional reducedform estimates understate effectiveness improving sanitation facilities due reduced allocation household resources children households better facilities mortality selection negligible

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2010.08.014

David Reilly|David L. Neumann|Glenda Andrews

Gender differences in reading and writing achievement: Evidence from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP).

Griffith University|Griffith University|Menzies School of Health Research|Griffith University|Menzies School of Health Research

frequently observed research finding females outperform males tasks verbal language abilities considerable variability effect sizes sample samplethe gold standard evaluating gender differences cognitive ability recruit large demographically representative samplewe examined three decades us student achievement reading writing national assessment educational progress naep determine magnitude gender differences n 39 million whether declining time claimed feingold 1994differences reading smalltomedium 32 grade 12 medium sized writing 55 grade 12 stable timeadditionally pronounced imbalances gender ratios lowerleft upperright tails ability spectrum factor 2 moresuch pattern results contrary hydes 2005 gender similarities hypothesis holds gender differences cognition small males females similar performanceeducational implications findings discussedthe question whether males females differ cognitive abilities focus considerable research recent decadeswhile general consensus males females differ general intelligence halpern 2000 gender differences commonly observed specific cognitive abilities visualspatial ability voyer voyer bryden 1995 language miller halpern 2013however hyde 2005 p 581 proposed gender similarities hypothesis gsh claimed males females similar psychological variablesthat men women well boys girls alike differentit holds gender differences small trivial close zero magnitudeone exception hypothesis may gender gap reading achievement found crossculturally lynn mikk 2009reilly 2012 exceeds threshold proposed hyde grabe 2008 p 170 nontrivial gender difference effect sizes 10in recent review hyde 2014 p 382 remarked difficult reconcile magnitude gender gap observed reading domains verbal ability egvocabulary anagrams hyde linn 1988 claimed typically much smaller

https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122646