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f4ae6453c48309aedd69a2eb3506792e | How can melatonin help me sleep? | Scientific findings show that melatonin decreases the time it takes to fall asleep ("sleep latency"), increases feelings of "sleepiness," and may increase the duration of sleep. Melatonin has been used successfully for sleep enhancement in healthy individuals, as well as to reduce feelings of jet lag during global travels. |
e39b57e1ef5335e00141a9fc8ba4216f | How is 5-hydroxytryptophan used as a natural sleep aid? | 5- HTP is a derivative of the amino acid tryptophan. It is used to boost serotonin in the body. 5- HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan) is also the precursor of melatonin, which regulates sleep cycles. Some findings show that 5- HTP may ease symptoms of depression and anxiety, but there isn't sufficient evidence to support its use for insomnia. |
6f90485e8dda6678783bca5a312a421c | When do you need stitches for bleeding? | How big is it? You'll want to see a doctor if the wound: Looks very deep, even if it's not especially long or wide Is more than a half-inch long Opens so wide that you can't get the edges together with just a little pressure Has ragged edges Has debris in it such as dirt, glass, or gravel How badly is it bleeding? You'll likely need stitches if the wound: Bleeds enough to soak through a bandage Keeps bleeding even after you apply direct pressure for 5 to 10 minutes Spurts blood What caused it? |
26a18544f1e52c2e37f89105652d2922 | Why are stitches important? | When you need them, stitches are important because they: Give you support and strength while your skin closes up Lower your chances of bleeding and infection Minimize scars So it helps to know when to take care of a cut on your own and when you need to see a doctor. |
e3eb5a86811dbe353eecaffb07944f6a | Which medical issues can cause uveitis? | Some that can trigger uveitis include: Herpes simplex virus, which causes cold sores Varicella zoster virus, which causes chickenpox and shingles Tuberculosis ( TB), caused by bacteria you can breathe in Cytomegalovirus ( CMV), a common virus that often has no symptoms. |
9e61230904312fa0895984a484dfb4be | What infections can cause uveitis? | Some that can trigger uveitis include: Herpes simplex virus, which causes cold sores Varicella zoster virus, which causes chickenpox and shingles Tuberculosis ( TB), caused by bacteria you can breathe in Cytomegalovirus ( CMV), a common virus that often has no symptoms. It can cause uveitis in people with weak immune systems. Mumps West Nile virus Lyme disease Cat-scratch disease AIDS Syphilis It's rare, but you can also get uveitis after fungal or parasite infections like histoplasmosis or toxoplasmosis. |
cee4d7cb0ba333153898ecd9077bf9e3 | How do you get warmth back to someone with frostbite? | Unless absolutely necessary, the person should not walk on frostbitten toes or feet. Do not rewarm the skin until you can keep it warm. Warming and then re-exposing the frostbitten area to cold air can cause worse damage. Gently warm the area in warm water (not hot) or with wet heat until the skin appears red and warm. If no water is nearby, breathe on the area through cupped hands and hold it next to your body. Do not use direct heat from heating pads, radiator, or fires. Do not rub or massage the skin or break blisters. |
2944ec23bed51147cc73b83907781eb8 | What is the follow-up care for frostbite? | Once you get medical care, the next steps depend on the particular case. At the hospital, a doctor will rewarm the area. The doctor may administer medication for pain or intravenous fluids if the person is dehydrated. The doctor may also give a tetanus vaccine. The person may be hospitalized for a few days. In severe cases they may require amputation of the frostbitten area to avoid gangrene. |
c4060c4b544d8460677bc467a143c0c8 | How does thyroid cancer develop and is it treatable? | Thyroid cancer develops when cells change or mutate. The abnormal cells begin multiplying in your thyroid and, once there are enough of them, they form a tumor. If it's caught early, thyroid cancer is one of the most treatable forms of cancer. |
612c715ae88bc682c3dc99c97a71371e | Why do people get thyroid cancer? | But as it grows, you could notice any of the following problems: Neck, throat pain Lump in your neck Difficulty swallowing Vocal changes, hoarseness Cough There is no clear reason why most people get thyroid cancer. There are certain things, though, that can raise your odds of getting it. |
9971ccfc150a4bc20fd697213ce1780d | How common is papillary thyroid cancer? | If you have thyroid cancer, you probably have this type. It's found in up to 80% of all thyroid cancer cases. It tends to grow slowly, but often spreads to the nymph nodes in your neck. Even so, you have a good chance for a full recovery. |
5336a59366f9f642135227a2668f9af9 | How common is medullary cancer in thyroid cancer? | Medullary cancer is found in about 4% of all thyroid cancer cases. It's more likely to be found at an early stage because it produces a hormone called calcitonin, which doctors keep an eye out for in blood test results. |
a1e16e7ad4b878032eb5aee581854be6 | Can inherited genetic syndromes cause thyroid cancer? | Some conditions, including cancer, come from the DNA you get from your parents. |
81830eea232a8e66b21d2538d44ef5d9 | Are there over-the-counter antifungal medications for athlete's foot? | Many over-the-counter antifungal medications can be applied to the affected area. These creams should be used sparingly but regularly, at least once a day. An application the size of a chocolate chip should be adequate to cover the entire bottom of your foot. |
d3e0ffa42f9a6887e7e2504cba5542fa | What are survival rates of Hodgkin's lymphoma? | The five-year survival rate refers to the percentage of patients, according to the stage of their disease at diagnosis, who live at least five years after treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma. Many of these patients live longer than five years. Stage I: 90%-95% Stage II: 90%-95% Stage III: 85%-90% Stage IV: about 65% Long-term health problems may occur after being treated for Hodgkin lymphoma, including leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, breast cancer, heart disease, thyroid disease, lung disease, lung cancer, and infertility. |
bd5162963c656619df82416311c65442 | What is refractory or recurrent Hodgkin's lymphoma? | Refractory disease is the term used when the disease does not respond to initial therapy. Recurrent disease means that Hodgkin lymphoma has come back after it has been treated. This may occur shortly after treatment or, less commonly, years later. |
ba8c7e0381eee8743f557a1d77be78e4 | What tests do I need if a biopsy reveals that I have Hodgkin's lymphoma? | If a biopsy reveals that you do have Hodgkin lymphoma, you may need additional tests to determine the extent, or stage, of the disease. Tests include blood tests, chest X-ray, computed tomography ( CT) scans of the chest, abdomen and pelvis, and possibly the neck, and PET scans. Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) scans, bone scans, spinal tap (lumbar puncture), and bone marrow studies are useful under special circumstances. These tests will reveal the stage of the Hodgkin lymphoma and determine the best type of therapy. |
a0868dc023844a13fa616ee863f77d21 | What are the stages of Hodgkin's lymphoma? | Hodgkin lymphomais found in two or more lymph node areas on the same side of the diaphragm (the muscle beneath the lungs that moves up and down to help you breathe). Stage III. Hodgkinlymphoma is in lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm, or the cancer may also have extended to an area or organ adjacent to the lymph node or to the spleen. Stage IV. Hodgkin lymphoma has spread to one or more organs outside the lymphatic system such as the bone marrow or liver. |
ae6fd2a0ee81924f78c10ac649437eff | When is autologous stem cell transplantation done for Hodgkin's lymphoma? | In this procedure, higher doses of chemotherapy or total body irradiation are applied in an effort to destroy Hodgkin lymphoma cells that have survived standard therapy. As a side effect, the higher doses of therapy are likely to destroy normal blood and bone marrow cells. Therefore, normal bone marrow stem cells are taken from the patient's bloodstream before he or she undergoes chemotherapy or radiation. The stem cells are then frozen and saved and returned to the body intravenously after the treatment in order to repopulate the bone marrow. A new drug, brentuximab vedotin ( Adcetris), is designed to treat patients whose lymphoma has progressed after treatment with bone marrow stem cell transplantation or those who have had two chemotherapy treatments and are not eligible for transplant. |
e3d145ca14daf88d24eaee2d5cac968d | How can brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris) help treat Hodgkin's lymphoma? | A new drug, brentuximab vedotin ( Adcetris), is designed to treat patients whose lymphoma has progressed after treatment with bone marrow stem cell transplantation or those who have had two chemotherapy treatments and are not eligible for transplant. |
ee97a552ea48f9edf0c9d63612b1efdd | What is the treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma? | The goal of treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma is to eradicate the lymphoma cells without damaging normal cells in order to minimize treatment side effects. Talk with your doctor about any treatment-related side effects you experience. |
f114006f744b722b4515011d3e493035 | How can I help my child with ADHD do better in school? | You can do this by making sure your child is: Seated in a quiet area without clutter or distractions Given clear, concise instructions Encouraged to write each assignment in a notebook as it is given by the teacher Responsible for his or her own assignments; you should not do for your child what your child can do for himself. Well-hydrated and fed; a snack break can do wonders for helping to sustain attention. Try to choose healthy snacks which incorporate protein. |
a40bd8fb722aed179ac6b4c1b1f94a48 | Does driving pose more of a risk to teens with ADHD? | The following behaviors associated with ADHD impose serious driving hazards: Inattention Impulsivity Risk-taking Immature judgment Need for stimulation Discuss driving privileges with your teen in relation to the overall ADHD treatment plan. |
cf2e32df69404ffb51865e69ec99d944 | What are the risks of driving in teens with ADHD? | The following behaviors associated with ADHD impose serious driving hazards: Inattention Impulsivity Risk-taking Immature judgment Need for stimulation Discuss driving privileges with your teen in relation to the overall ADHD treatment plan. It is your responsibility to establish rules and expectations for safe driving behaviors. Be sure to include a discussion about the risks of texting and talking on the phone while driving. |
de0d512728ee6e06176bd8cde272debb | When should you call your doctor about taking warfarin for heart disease? | If you notice any of the following signs of bleeding or illness, pick up the phone. Weakness or more fatigue than usual, or looking pale (symptoms of anemia) Cuts that won't stop bleeding after pressure is applied for 10 minutes Coughing or vomiting blood (which may look like coffee grounds) Blood from the nose, gums, or ears Unusual color of the urine or stool (including dark brown urine, or red or black, tarry stools) Unusual bruising (black and blue marks on your skin) for unknown reasons Menstrual bleeding that is heavier or lasts longer than normal A fever or illness that gets worse A serious fall or a blow to the head Unusual pain or swelling Unusual headache Dizziness Difficulty breathing Your doctor may want to do a blood test, stop the warfarin, or prescribe medication to stop the bleeding. Also contact your doctor if you have any other symptoms that cause concern. |
9a5b5e16140f4fde25c142558632a2df | What should you do before you travel if you're taking warfarin for heart disease? | Check in with your doctor before you travel. You may need to have a blood test and get your dose adjusted. While traveling, carry your medications with you at all times. Don't put medications in checked baggage, and don't leave them in the car. |
a8ddd6e560ae70bf2161aa7a95783ddf | How can other medications affect the way warfarin for heart disease works? | Many medications and dietary supplements can affect the way warfarin works. These include: Prescription drugs Nonprescription pain medications including aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen Cough or cold remedies Herbal products, natural remedies, and nutritional supplements Products with vitamin K Before you take any new drug -- including over-the-counter medications, herbal products, vitamins, nutritional supplements, or medication prescribed by another doctor or dentist -- check with the doctor who monitors your warfarin. |
d4f6e45356d06aca77bde63e4f14ac22 | When is warfarin used to treat heart disease? | People with atrial fibrillation (an irregular heart rhythm), pulmonary embolism (blockage of a major blood vessel in the lung), and who have had artificial heart valve surgery or an orthopedic procedure like hip replacement or other types of bone surgery often take it. |
0438232e9cc644ce51fba375703e64b6 | What activities can be risky when taking warfarin for heart disease? | Check with your doctor before starting any exercise or sports program. Your doctor may want you to avoid activities that may cause a serious fall or other injury. Wear or carry identification that says you're taking warfarin. Use a soft toothbrush. Brush and floss gently so your gums won't bleed. Be careful when using razors. |
aae9965fc427eee97687dc03e18cc392 | How does moving around help comfort a crying baby? | Has your baby ever stopped crying after you picked her up and walked around? If so, you know that motion can be a fuss-buster. Many crying babies find comfort in smooth, rhythmic movements, like being rocked in a rocking chair, hammock, or infant swing. Take yours for a walk in a stroller or for a car ride -- just be sure she's safely strapped into her rear-facing car seat. Try out different types of motion to see what soothes your baby best. Don't place her on top of a vibrating appliance, such as a dishwasher or dryer, because she could fall. |
06a4312d3558781c9f6046646bd570a8 | What are some ways to comfort a crying baby? | Try out different background sounds, like a white noise machine, a recorded heartbeat, the shower, or household appliances like dishwashers or washing machines. |
0cfb65eb10100ce9410a32af06f0f4f0 | How can contact that comforts help your crying baby? | Your baby may relax when she feels like she did in the womb. Swaddle her in a blanket, or gently pat her on the back in a pattern like a heartbeat. Lie down with her against your side, or keep her close to your body in an infant sling as you walk around. A warm bath may also help. |
eedcf5931546dac8bb9a2be533e7c58c | Do any foods help keep your teeth white? | Dig in to produce and calcium-rich foods: When you munch on fruits and veggies, it can help âscrubâ your teeth. Think about how clean your mouth feels after eating a fresh, crisp apple. High-calcium foods such as cheese can aid in keeping your teeth white. |
02c3c68f2e3d0a3c893e1f445bbb7452 | Can getting regular cleaning at your dentist's office help maintain white teeth? | Get regular cleanings at your dentist's office: Professional cleanings will remove plaque, which can pick up stains from what you eat and drink. Your dental hygienist can help keep teeth looking and feeling great. |
59f3ff18a5c8c0f76d6e2f981114dd94 | Are mouthwashes and rinses good for teeth whitening? | Mouthwashes and rinses: These often use a mild hydrogen peroxide solution to brighten your teeth. To give whitening mouthwashes a boost, some people rinse first, and then brush their teeth with a whitening toothpaste. |
e0fcebb0a9cb24b7c57480cb5684ba96 | Can avoiding tobacco help maintain white teeth? | Avoid tobacco: Cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and chewing tobacco can yellow your teeth. Kick tobacco, and you'll have whiter teeth as well as a healthier heart. |
7f38ab5a0cbbb3944b33e0d98a9d078f | Can antibiotics fight a cold? | Here's the plain truth: Colds are caused by viruses, and no antibiotic in the world can fight one. They only treat an infection that's brought on by another small living thing -- bacteria. |
120bf641e4b5d0a21e2d7a004da2c03d | What are the different types of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? | Mental health professionals in the United States use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM) to diagnose all psychiatric conditions, including ADHD. The latest version divides it into three types: ADHD predominantly inattentive presentation (what used to be called ADD) ADHD predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation ADHD combined presentation Your child's diagnosis will depend on her specific symptoms. |
06724b1ad82bede953391bdc22df499f | What are the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation? | Symptoms include: Blurting out answers before a question is finished Constantly interrupting others Trouble waiting his turn Talks too much Fidgeting, tapping, and squirming Gets up when it's not appropriate (such as when the teacher is talking or in the middle of dinner) Running or climbing in inappropriate situations Unable to play quietly A child with this type has symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. |
594dc4df9d43b6f8ac5cfecbd1cfcdea | What are the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? | ADHD is a brain-based disorder. It can interfere with your child's everyday activities at home and at school. Kids who have it have trouble paying attention and controlling their behavior, and are sometimes hyperactive. Before she's diagnosed, you will want to note your child's symptoms. The CDC offers an ADHD checklist for children that may help you keep track of them. |
60cc608183c3ba9c19c33a1f563421ce | When is attention deficit disorder diagnosed? | ADD is diagnosed if a child under age 16 has 6 or more symptoms of inattention (5 or more for older teens) for at least 6 consecutive months but no signs of hyperactivity/impulsivity. |
9745129ab7b95f16abf0f8e08f95fa69 | What does it mean if your child has attention deficit disorder? | Kids with this condition aren't hyperactive. They don't have the high energy level seen in others with ADHD. In fact, children with this form may seem shy or "in their own world." |
86f206167b9f394ce6a59473aa9d1a9b | What is attention deficit disorder? | ADD is a type of ADHD that doesn't involve constant movement and fidgeting. |
98a27157f42c9dd348ad014180bd5139 | What is the BRAT diet? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The BRAT diet ( Bananas, Rice, Applesauce, Toast)was once a staple of most pediatricians' recommendations for children with an upset stomach. The idea was that it gave the gut a chance to rest and reduced the amount of stool produced. Experts now say the BRAT diet may not be the best option for children who are ill. Because BRAT diet foods are low in fiber, protein, and fat, the diet lacks enough nutrition to help a child's gastrointestinal tract recover. |
9271de013e581d29d075e7a016fa92cc | What will my physical therapist ask me during my first visit for multiple sclerosis? | If your MS symptoms make it hard to do your job, your therapist can take you through some tests and document the kind of trouble you're having. |
3b4b5dceb4236587266180d052cbc8e6 | Can physical therapy help ease symptoms of multiple sclerosis? | If your MS symptoms make it hard to do your job, your therapist can take you through some tests and document the kind of trouble you're having. |
d817d72a02470c62ad0ead49c29b2e38 | When will I start working with a physical therapist to treat my multiple sclerosis? | You may start working with a physical therapist right after you get a diagnosis. You can schedule follow-up appointments with her when you need them. Some hospitals have physical therapists on staff who specialize in MS treatment. You will need to ask your doctor for a formal referral, but check with other people who have MS for suggestions on where to go in your area. |
d01906804eabb3d9622eee5130d26335 | What are the symptoms of psoriatic arthritis in the chest, lungs, and heart? | It doesn't happen often, but chest pain and shortness of breath can be symptoms of psoriatic arthritis. These might happen when the chest wall and the cartilage that links your ribs to your breastbone get inflamed. It's also rare, but your lungs or your aorta (the large blood vessel that leaves your heart) could be affected. |
7b87caa552a59977eb59f64928fa47a4 | How many people get psoriatic arthritis? | Up to a third of people with psoriasis also get psoriatic arthritis ( Ps A). Most people are diagnosed between 30 and 50, but you can get it at any age. It causes inflammation, mainly in your joints. And it can affect other body parts, too. |
df543d46bf95fd8eb57e109a53caaa5f | What are the symptoms of psoriatic arthritis in the tendons? | You could also get inflammation where a muscle connects to a bone, such as the Achilles tendon behind your heel. It might hurt to walk and climb stairs. |
c7858e6710ad63f556e46142434978a7 | What are the symptoms of psoriatic arthritis in the fingernails and toenails? | Many people with psoriatic arthritis see tiny dents, called pitting, and ridges in their nails. |
3f0d4056292faf9f3be90a3f5f7a3e40 | What causes chlamydia? | Chlamydia is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. The disease is spread by oral, vaginal, or anal sex. |
39eedf402400149b93ae3c7b9b254fc1 | What should I expect if my baby gets infected with chlamydia? | Pregnant women are screened because it is so common to be without symptoms, and the consequences for the fetus/infant can be serious. Men with chlamydia may or may not have symptoms. |
915e1c18706656432ce7ce9cfefb8ee3 | What medications are used to treat dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)? | In the case of dilated cardiomyopathy, it's aimed at making the heart stronger and getting rid of substances in the bloodstream that enlarge the heart and lead to more severe symptoms: Medications: To manage heart failure, most people take drugs, such as a: Beta blocker ACE inhibitor or an ARB Diuretic If you have an arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat), your doctor may give you medicine to control your heart rate or make them happen less often. Blood thinners may also be used to prevent blood clots. |
e261128e82d3e1611686bc2a21f6c091 | When should you consider screening for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)? | If you have a relative with dilated cardiomyopathy, ask your doctor if you should be screened for it. Genetic testing may also be available to find abnormal genes. |
09c84c09d433040a2d14e9ec23dcd6f8 | What are the symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)? | Many people with dilated cardiomyopathy have no symptoms. Some that do have only minor ones, and live a normal life. Others develop symptoms that may get worse as their heart gets sicker. Symptoms of DCM can happen at any age and may include: Shortness of breath Swelling of your legs Fatigue Weight gain Fainting Palpitations (fluttering in the chest due to abnormal heart rhythms) Dizziness or lightheadedness Blood clots in the dilated left ventricle because of pooling of the blood. If a blood clot breaks off, it can lodge in an artery and disrupt blood flow to the brain, causing a stroke. A clot can also block blood flow to the organs in the abdomen or legs. Chest pain or pressure Sudden death DCM can be inherited, but it's usually caused by other things, including: Severe coronary artery disease Alcoholism Thyroid disease Diabetes Viral infections of the heart Heart valve abnormalities Drugs that damage the heart It can also happen in women after they give birth. |
509d8705a4e21bd9c63860d8149bf0a1 | How can surgery treat dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)? | Surgery: Your doctor may recommend a surgery for coronary artery disease or valve disease. You may be eligible for one to fix your left ventricle or one that gives you a device to help your heart work better. |
b4359eb719ab53ae927cab3c0b19c079 | How can a heart transplant treat dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)? | Heart transplant: These are usually just for those with end-stage heart failure. You'll go through a selection process. Hearts that can be used are in short supply. Also, you must be both sick enough that you need a new heart, and healthy enough to have the procedure. |
db357319e3eff76939bb52f2b0ab78b2 | How does the doctor diagnose dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)? | Your doctor will decide if you have DCM after he looks at things like: Your symptoms Your family history A physical exam Blood tests An electrocardiogram A chest X-ray An echocardiogram An exercise stress test Cardiac catheterization A CT scan An MRI Another test that's rarely done to find the cause of cardiomyopathy is called a myocardial biopsy, or heart biopsy. |
bc9f26ab263e3e1a6e056023a01ca510 | What lifestyle changes can you make to treat dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)? | Lifestyle changes: If you have heart failure, you should have less sodium, based on your doctor's recommendations. He may point you toward aerobic exercise, but don't do heavy weightlifting. |
277dd4c6a102115316319a09eaa009c3 | What are the different kinds of mastectomy for breast cancer? | There are different kinds of mastectomy: Simple or total mastectomy takes off the whole breast, including your nipple. Modified radical mastectomy removes the whole breast and nipple and many of the lymph nodes under your arm. Radical mastectomy takes off the whole breast, lymph nodes, and the chest wall muscles under the breast. Partial mastectomy or lumpectomy removes just the tumor and some of the tissue around it. This is also called breast-conserving surgery. It's not used as often in men, because men have very little breast tissue. |
6fca8401b7622593d4b34018f824f38d | What is a male mastectomy? | Just like mastectomy in women, this surgery is done to remove a breast affected by cancer. Because men have so little breast tissue, doctors usually remove the whole breast. Your doctor may also remove some nearby lymph nodes. Those are tiny glands that are part of your body's immune system. He also might recommend that you have the other breast removed to keep you from getting cancer there as well. The earlier you're treated, the better your chances of being cured. If you have a mastectomy, your doctor can do another surgery afterward to help afterward to help reconstruct the area. |
8e0da1261cfbcb073aaf85811c59b782 | What happens before a male mastectomy? | Discuss all your options with your doctor and find out about the benefits and risks of surgery and other treatments before you make a decision. You'll meet with your surgeon to find out what to expect. Let him know all the medicines and supplements you take, especially if you're on aspirin or blood thinners. You might have to stop taking certain medicines a week or two before the procedure. |
2fbc7ed42809484a3fc0c21b670a0142 | How can you check if your breast cancer has spread? | To see if your cancer has spread, you might have one of these during your surgery or afterward: Sentinel lymph node biopsy ( SLNB): Your doctor takes only a few lymph nodes from where the cancer is most likely to have spread. To find them, she puts a radioactive substance or a blue dye into the area around the tumor. Then a special device helps her find radioactivity in the nodes or nodes that have turned blue. A specialist will look at them under a microscope. If there are signs of cancer, your surgeon may do an ALND. Axillary lymph node dissection ( ALND): Your doctor takes 10 to 40 lymph nodes from under your arm. These are checked under a microscope to see if there are signs of cancer. |
c89962b49b576aeb5d9c52e302933ef1 | What happens after a male mastectomy? | Once your surgery is done, you'll wake up from the anesthesia in a recovery room. If you don't have any issues, you'll go home later the same day or the next day. You'll have a bandage around your chest. Plastic or rubber tubes will drain fluid from your breast area or underarm. Your medical team will show you how to care for and empty the drains and measure the fluid that comes out. They'll probably need to stay in place for 1 to 2 weeks after your surgery. |
8dd1e3916d91f52a4e47199853b64608 | What is the outlook for schizophrenia? | If they get the proper care, which will probably include medication and psychotherapy, a kind of talk therapy, they are likely to do better. |
020631f8db7b2cbda747313ff02c5189 | What lifestyles choices can make you more likely to have a transient ischemic attack (TIA)? | You may have a higher risk if you: Drink a lot of alcohol Don't get enough exercise Eat too many foods high in cholesterol, saturated fats, and trans fats, and not enough fruits, veggies, and fiber Smoke Use drugs such as amphetamines, cocaine, and heroin Risks for women. |
35e98283bd3d19ea1c5118752a4a0c85 | How is a transient ischemic attack (TIA) different from a stroke? | The main difference is that a TIA only lasts a few minutes. The clot then gets pushed along, like a temporary clog in a pipe, or chemicals in your body quickly break it down. Normal blood flow returns to your brain before any lasting problems set in. Symptoms can last for up to 24 hours, but they're usually gone in an hour. Strokes, on the other hand, don't go away so quickly. That means some part of your brain goes without oxygen, and the longer that lasts, the more damage happens. |
89d1b5ca007b06cccbfde29a0b6c6c31 | How can you keep skin healthy as you age? | Try this: Hot water dries skin out, so take warm baths and showers. Wear sunscreen and protective clothing when you're outdoors. Check your skin often and tell your doctor if you notice changes, such as moles. If you smoke, this is another good reason to try to stop. It can cause wrinkles. |
77b3d6a478ac159f49f84637a2488f32 | How can you keep your eyes and ears healthy as you age? | Try this: Get your vision and hearing checked regularly. Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes outdoors. Wear earplugs to protect against or block loud noises. |
1108a52d27da3dc0fb67f1ddc461323c | How can you keep your bones healthy as you age? | Try this: Make sure you get enough calcium and vitamin D. Good sources of calcium in your diet include dairy products, almonds, and vegetables such as broccoli and kale. Your doctor may also recommend calcium supplements. Vitamin D is vital to bone health because it helps the body absorb calcium and maintain bone strength.. Some people are able to get enough of this nutrient by spending time in sunlight. You can also get it from tuna, sardines, egg yolks, and fortified foods such as milk and many cereals. Ask your doctor whether you need a supplement. |
30932c5fcfe73d150a937e9895270e9e | How can you keep your bladder healthy as you age? | Try this: If you get the urge to âgoâ a lot, see your doctor. In most cases, symptoms can be controlled or even cured. Try to avoid caffeine, alcohol, sodas, and foods high in acid. These can make the condition worse. Kegel exercises can tighten your pelvic floor muscles and may help with bladder control. Squeeze as if you're holding your pee. Wait five seconds, then relax for five seconds. Do this four or five times in a row several times a day. To avoid constipation, eat plenty of high-fiber foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Drink lots of water. Try to exercise every day. It can help get your bowels moving. |
61c136be84e6e3f210817ae38d5e166f | How does aging affect your eyes and ears? | You may find it hard to focus on objects up close. You might need reading glasses for the first time. Perhaps you see more glare or find it hard to adapt to abrupt changes of light. When it comes to your hearing, you could have a hard time following conversations in a crowded room or hearing at high frequencies. |
1e812d5d4c275ed4316d85ec01e1e97c | How can you keep your gums healthy as you age? | Try this: Each day, brush twice and floss once to get rid of food and plaque between your teeth. It's the best way to help prevent gum disease and tooth loss. Also, see your dentist for regular checkups and cleanings. |
c728a471127bf0137163f480eb68d126 | How can you keep your muscles healthy as you age? | Try this: Get some moderate exercise every day, such as a brisk walk or lifting light weights. It will help with muscle strength and function. Check with your doctor to see how much activity is right for you. Eat lots of fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins such as fish and chicken. Stay away from sugar and foods that are high in saturated fat. And eat smaller portions. You probably don't need as many calories as you once did. |
6920144005325118d70f11285f2a3e8b | How does epilepsy affect ovulation? | Women with epilepsy have more anovulatory cycles than other women do. Some doctors think that as many as 40% of menstrual cycles in women with epilepsy do not release an egg. It depends on the woman, and it is not always the same every month. Some months a woman will release an egg, and some months she will not. In general, though, women with epilepsy do not ovulate as regularly as women without epilepsy. |
9a9514dc3a909b7b4020dc806fcb6115 | How can epilepsy affect your menstrual period? | If you have seizures that start around the last half of your menstrual cycle and continue through the second half of your cycle, then you might have another type of catamenial epilepsy. This is when a woman has menstrual cycles that do not release an egg. These are called "anovulatory" cycles. |
9c329af1a89118668736c2b606695fed | What is catamenial epilepsy? | Some women have a form of epilepsy called catamenial epilepsy. This refers to seizures that are affected by a woman's menstrual cycle. Doctors aren't completely sure how many women with epilepsy have this, but they think it's about 10% to 12%. |
653633dfa65b3c9aad1e09556b7f6766 | How can I prepare for an electrocardiogram (EKG)? | Your doctor uses the EKG to: Assess your heart rhythm Diagnose poor blood flow to the heart muscle (ischemia) Diagnose a heart attack Evaluate certain abnormalities of your heart, such as an enlarged heart To prepare for an EKG: Avoid oily or greasy skin creams and lotions the day of the test. They interfere with the electrode-skin contact. Avoid full-length hosiery, because electrodes need to be placed directly on the legs. Wear a shirt that can be easily removed to place the leads on the chest. |
63dc00b812a06ae7a16a8c325d05ac52 | What can an electrocardiogram (EKG) do? | Your doctor uses the EKG to: Assess your heart rhythm Diagnose poor blood flow to the heart muscle (ischemia) Diagnose a heart attack Evaluate certain abnormalities of your heart, such as an enlarged heart To prepare for an EKG: Avoid oily or greasy skin creams and lotions the day of the test. |
8cd218e5a85713f6180e455853787e4b | What is a signal-averaged electrocardiogram (EKG)? | This is a painless test used to assess whether a person is at high risk of developing a potentially fatal heart arrhythmia. |
223d2a78385f6406a3be284b83c2c2cf | What is a holter monitor? | A holter monitor is a portable EKG that monitors the electrical activity of a person's heart, generally for one to two days, 24 hours a day. It is most often used when the doctor suspects an abnormal heart rhythm or ischemia (not enough blood flow to the heart muscle). It is a painless test; electrodes from the monitor are taped to the skin. Once the monitor is in place, you can go home and perform all of your normal activities (except showering). You will be asked to keep a diary of your activities and any symptoms you experience and when they occur. |
6d632b487b05641b104938867d290212 | What is an event monitor? | If your symptoms are infrequent your doctor may suggest an event monitor. This is a device that, when you push a button, will record and store the heart's electrical activity for a few minutes. Each time you develop symptoms you should try to get a reading on the monitor. Event monitors are typically used for one month. |
f3fb65c1b74fb284c028cd833e66e4c0 | What other types of biologics can your doctor give you for your rheumatoid arthritis (RA)? | These include: Adalimumab ( Humira) Adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), a biosimilar to Humira Certolizumab ( Cimzia) Etanercept ( Enbrel) Golimumab ( Simponi) Infliximab ( Inflectra, Remicade) Infliximab-abda ( Renflexis), a biosimilar to Remicade Infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), a biosimilar to Remicade If the first anti- TNF you try doesn't work for you, your doctor will most likely try another one. If you still don't get relief, he may switch you to another type of biologic. These include: Abatacept ( Orencia), which blocks the immune system's T cells to lower inflammation Anakinra ( Kineret), which targets interleukin-1, a chemical your body makes that causes inflammation. Your doctor will call this type of drug an " IL-1 blocker." Rituximab ( Rituxan), which targets certain B cells, which are part of your immune system Tocilizumab ( Actemra), which targets IL-6, a chemical your body makes that causes inflammation. Your doctor will call this type of drug an " IL-6 blocker." |
134bf6729ac19a311a0aa6707a001428 | What are usual biologic drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis? | When your doctor first prescribes you a biologic, it's usually an "anti- TNF" drug. These include: Adalimumab ( Humira) Adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), a biosimilar to Humira Certolizumab ( Cimzia) Etanercept ( Enbrel) Golimumab ( Simponi) Infliximab ( Inflectra, Remicade) Infliximab-abda ( Renflexis), a biosimilar to Remicade Infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), a biosimilar to Remicade If the first anti- TNF you try doesn't work for you, your doctor will most likely try another one. |
2ee71a940478e3c16c7e3525e401abe4 | Do some people get more help from biologics than other people? | Some people get more help from biologics than others. Experts can't predict who'll respond well and who won't. |
2efd12c6e9977804356f232da6ac5c79 | What are the next steps when biologic drugs don't help your rheumatoid arthritis (RA)? | And when you do, it may ease your symptoms or cause them to fade completely. You should start to feel better in 4 to 6 weeks, though sometimes it can take 3 to 6 months to work. Your doctor may also prescribe other medicines that work faster to help you in the meantime. But if your symptoms don't improve, let your doctor know. The goal is to find the best medicines for you as quickly as possible. Timely treatment helps protect your body from RA damage. |
ef747d80ce7ae44b3e8ddafdd877d199 | What types of biologic drugs are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis if initial biologic drugs don't work? | These include: Adalimumab ( Humira) Adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), a biosimilar to Humira Certolizumab ( Cimzia) Etanercept ( Enbrel) Golimumab ( Simponi) Infliximab ( Inflectra, Remicade) Infliximab-abda ( Renflexis), a biosimilar to Remicade Infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), a biosimilar to Remicade If the first anti- TNF you try doesn't work for you, your doctor will most likely try another one. If you still don't get relief, he may switch you to another type of biologic. These include: Abatacept ( Orencia), which blocks the immune system's T cells to lower inflammation Anakinra ( Kineret), which targets interleukin-1, a chemical your body makes that causes inflammation. |
690c97a48dc5f629af29702ace120b28 | What biologics do doctors prescribe to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)? | When your doctor first prescribes you a biologic, it's usually an "anti- TNF" drug. These include: Adalimumab ( Humira) Adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), a biosimilar to Humira Certolizumab ( Cimzia) Etanercept ( Enbrel) Golimumab ( Simponi) Infliximab ( Inflectra, Remicade) Infliximab-abda ( Renflexis), a biosimilar to Remicade Infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), a biosimilar to Remicade If the first anti- TNF you try doesn't work for you, your doctor will most likely try another one. |
78d18fbfd141abf972f9d2a9af1c9d4a | Why do biologic drugs seem to work for a while then become ineffective? | Sometimes, biologic drugs will help you for a while and then don't work as well. It's not clear why. If it happens to you, tell your doctor. He'll probably switch you to another biologic or add another type of RA drug, like methotrexate or sulfasalazine, so your treatment works better. |
f49e7becfd4ee3590e49c66f5d4a565d | What should I do if my biologic treatment doesnât help my rheumatoid arthritis? | It may take some trial and error to find the biologic drug that works best for your rheumatoid arthritis ( RA), but there's a good reason to keep at it. Most folks eventually find one that helps. And when you do, it may ease your symptoms or cause them to fade completely. You should start to feel better in 4 to 6 weeks, though sometimes it can take 3 to 6 months to work. Your doctor may also prescribe other medicines that work faster to help you in the meantime. But if your symptoms don't improve, let your doctor know. The goal is to find the best medicines for you as quickly as possible. Timely treatment helps protect your body from RA damage. |
916eee339bae76b2887b21889b4ab57e | How can brown rice help with losing pregnancy weight for new moms? | You might be tempted to cut back on carbs to help lose the baby weight. Don't. Losing weight too quickly may cause you to make less milk and leave you feeling sluggish. Mix healthy, whole-grain carbs like brown rice into your diet to keep your energy levels up. Foods like brown rice provide your body the calories it needs to make the best-quality milk for your baby. |
8f06142efa2d0064c8b2919244f3d798 | How can blueberries help with losing pregnancy weight for new moms? | Breastfeeding moms should be sure to get two or more servings of fruit or juice each day. Blueberries are an excellent choice to help you meet your needs. These satisfying and yummy berries are filled with good-for-you vitamins and minerals, and they give you a healthy dose of carbohydrates to keep your energy levels high. |
757fbeeed74572fe69d62ce92a0ce599 | How can eggs help with losing pregnancy weight for new moms? | Eggs are a versatile way to meet your daily protein needs. Scramble a couple of eggs for breakfast, toss a hard-boiled egg or two on your lunchtime salad, or have an omelet and salad for dinner. Opt for DHA-fortified eggs to boost the level of this essential fatty acid in your milk. |
b208c7400cb8279630b7e2d1bf9c357f | How can legumes help with losing pregnancy weight for new moms? | Iron-rich beans, particularly dark-colored ones like black beans and kidney beans, are a great breastfeeding food, especially for vegetarians. They're a budget-friendly source of high quality, non-animal protein. |
793072d5f2f3b89b5e5d50bebef373d8 | What are some warnings about eating salmon for losing pregnancy weight for new moms? | One caution: The FDA recommends that breastfeeding women, women who are pregnant, and women who might get pregnant limit how much salmon they eat. The guidelines recommend an average of 12 ounces, or the equivalent of two main servings, per week. The reason is to limit the amount mercury your new child is exposed to. The mercury level in salmon is considered low. Some other fish, such as swordfish or mackerel, have a high amount of mercury and should be avoided altogether. The 12 ounces are an average. Eating more in 1 week -- such as having three servings instead of two -- won't hurt as long as you eat less the following week. |
691a9792ac99f678aedafbb3f6eb81de | How can lean beef help with losing pregnancy weight for new moms? | Boost your energy as a new mom with iron-rich foods like lean beef. A lack of iron can drain your energy levels, making it hard for you to keep up with the demands of a newborn baby. Nursing moms need to eat extra protein and vitamin B-12. Lean beef is an excellent source for both. |
977c5d38cc00e241a73f9d3dd93809f5 | How can leafy greens help with losing pregnancy weight for new moms? | Leafy green veggies like spinach, Swiss chard, and broccoli are filled with vitamin A, which is good for you and your baby. The benefits don't stop there. They're a good non-dairy source of calcium and contain vitamin C and iron. Green veggies are also filled with heart-healthy antioxidants and are low in calories. |
749d872ffcd867f85bd817555ba6da86 | What are other causes of diarrhea? | Other causes include: Alcohol abuse Allergies to certain foods Diabetes Diseases of the intestines (such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) Eating foods that upset the digestive system Infection by bacteria (the cause of most types of food poisoning) or other organisms Laxative abuse Medications Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) Radiation therapy Running ( Some people get ârunner's diarrheaâ for reasons that aren't clear.) |
cb607c5e12c3ab362c9e7e0df4f4ea23 | What can happen if I have diarrhea? | You may have: Bloating in your belly Cramps Thin or loose stools Watery stools An urgent feeling that you need to have a bowel movement Nausea and throwing up More serious symptoms include: Blood or mucus in your stool Weight loss Fever If you have watery stools more than three times a day and you're not drinking enough fluids, you could become dehydrated. That can be a serious problem if it's not treated. |
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