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b36556cbfdbb25839e4d0adf2a290c6a | How can I prevent nail fungus? | To prevent getting a nail fungus infection: Avoid walking barefoot in public areas, such as locker rooms. Keep the inside of your shoes dry and change socks frequently (100% cotton socks are recommended). Wear shoes that fit properly (shoes with a wide toe area and ones that don't press your toes). Use absorbent or antifungal powder. |
5ee3ddc3c34a129a1aaec743be609c37 | What are symptoms of nail fungus? | A nail fungus infection can make nails thick and discolored. Uncommonly, you may feel pain in your toes or fingertips. |
7ba443c4730088664c2a65c50000dc92 | How do you treat ingrown toenails? | In mild cases, ingrown toenails may be treated with a 15-20-minute soak in warm water. Dry cotton can be placed under the corner of the nail. Talk to your doctor if you are experiencing increasing pain, swelling, and drainage of the area. Minor surgery can be performed to remove the part of the nail that is poking into the skin. |
727ed95b74464512e4f247401ec3a10f | What are ingrown toenails? | Ingrown toenails can occur when the corner or side of the nail grows into the flesh of the toe. In many cases, ingrown nails occur in the big toe. The end result of this common condition is pain, redness, and swelling. Infection can occur in some cases. |
ba45fd96ebbf7f59dd769e59005764a3 | What causes ingrown toenails? | Some common causes of ingrown toenail include cutting the nails too short or not straight across, injury to the toenail, and wearing shoes that crowd the toenails. |
b4bf9678eda7d2aa590cd681e630e7fc | How is nail fungus diagnosed? | Your doctor may be able to tell if you have a nail fungus infection by looking carefully at your nails. He or she may scrape some debris from under a nail and look at it under a microscope or send it to a lab to determine what kind of infection you have. |
f24887a22ae48bda698a102b164749e1 | What causes nail fungus? | Usually, nail fungus occurs when fungus enters the nail through a small trauma (cut or break) in the nail. Nail fungus is not caused by poor hygiene. Nail fungus can be spread from person to person. It may be hard to determine exactly where or how a fungal infection is acquired. However, a warm, wet place (for example, a locker room) is a good place for a fungus to grow. |
2572ab807877d595c1b7df2b49f2d19c | How can you prevent ingrown toenails? | You can prevent ingrown toenails by: Wearing shoes that fit properly Keeping toenails at a moderate length and trimming them straight across |
0b7dd751e7c9af094b32c88c4b18d36a | How can I help myself stick to exercising? | Get an exercise buddy to walk with you, or take fitness classes together. When someone else is counting on you to go for a hike, work out, or ride bikes, you'll be less likely to make an excuse. The two of you will keep each other on track, and you won't want to let each other down. |
1256aa9bc80b4b28a83b2b7dd213db3c | How can I exercise if the weather is bad? | Who says you have to go outside? Walk laps in your house, or walk up and down the stairs. Play an active video game like Wii Fit. Put on some music and dance around. Go to the mall, or find a high school or YMCA with an indoor track, and walk in comfort. |
50833e0c35d499c866e7551a93b52d0b | How can I fit in exercise if I don't have time? | But if you're tied up with work, school, or family activities, find little pockets of time whenever you can. Park farther away in the parking lot. Take the stairs instead of the elevator. Walk around the field while the kids are at soccer practice. Be creative to fit in exercise. Little moments of movement add up to a more active lifestyle. |
a850ed48d988a737a2e846b9c1494a7f | What should I do if I don't know how to exercise? | You don't need to join a gym or find a personal trainer. Start out by simply going for a walk. Begin with a 5-minute walk and slowly build from there. You can also find free exercise videos online. |
b91593a1245f83049c401e2bb8b2cdca | Why is exercise important for people with diabetes? | Exercise does so many good things for you when you have diabetes. It lowers your blood sugar levels, can ease stress, and helps you lose extra weight. |
81b2a407762aa9af4a178940b8402d0b | Which other cases of cancer is a radioembolization used for? | The disease may take one of two forms: Cancer that has spread (metastasized) to the liver from a primary tumor elsewhere (such as colon or breast cancer) Cancer that first arises in the liver (such as hepatocellular carcinoma) Metastatic colorectal cancer in the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma are the cancers most often considered for radioembolization treatment. Radioembolization has also been used for other forms of cancer affecting the liver, such as: Cholangiocarcinoma Breast cancer or lung cancer with liver metastasis Neuroendocrine tumors, such as carcinoid tumors, that have spread to the liver A type of sarcoma called gastrointestinal stromal tumor ( GIST) Radioembolization is often used in coordination with more well-established cancer treatments, such as surgery and chemotherapy: Radioembolization may be used on liver tumors too large for surgery to shrink them to allow surgical removal. |
901c2d907487eafdcdd238c7de566f66 | What are potential complications from radioembolization? | Radioembolization has a low rate of serious side effects. However, a small percentage of people have serious problems after radioembolization. Potential complications of radioembolization include: Severe ulcers in the stomach or small intestine Liver or gallbladder failure Dangerously low white blood cell count Radiation damage to the lungs Tests performed before radioembolization can reduce some of the risks of complications from the procedure. |
28891aaaab1ea2f9a50172a9f51b911c | What kind of cancer can radioembolization be used for other than metastatic colorectal cancer in the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma? | Radioembolization has also been used for other forms of cancer affecting the liver, such as: Cholangiocarcinoma Breast cancer or lung cancer with liver metastasis Neuroendocrine tumors, such as carcinoid tumors, that have spread to the liver A type of sarcoma called gastrointestinal stromal tumor ( GIST) Radioembolization is often used in coordination with more well-established cancer treatments, such as surgery and chemotherapy: Radioembolization may be used on liver tumors too large for surgery to shrink them to allow surgical removal. |
3ef32b9093c912e1c697a3f86aacd1e9 | Does radioembolization cause radiation damage? | In most cases, the surrounding healthy liver suffers minimal radiation damage after radioembolization. The radiation in the particles gradually disappears over a month. The leftover particles can safely stay put forever. |
0590d16e33cd524bba8616b2a4948595 | What are the side effects of radioembolization? | Many people experience symptoms of fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, fever, and loss of appetite after radioembolization. These effects are usually mild or moderate, and most people leave the hospital within a day or two after the procedure. |
fc6bd23c8dd627ddcc63a205bb9ce9fc | What are the effects of radioembolization? | In several small studies, radioembolization delayed progression of colorectal cancer after its spread to the liver. Radioembolization also has been shown to shrink hepatocellular carcinomas. So far there is a small amount of evidence that people who get radioembolization and chemotherapy for cancer in the liver live longer than people receiving chemotherapy only. Larger clinical trials are underway that should help answer questions about radioembolization's benefits. Many people experience symptoms of fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, fever, and loss of appetite after radioembolization. |
03bed229287f44e5e67d2ec582184632 | What is often used in coordination with radioembolization? | Radioembolization has also been used for other forms of cancer affecting the liver, such as: Cholangiocarcinoma Breast cancer or lung cancer with liver metastasis Neuroendocrine tumors, such as carcinoid tumors, that have spread to the liver A type of sarcoma called gastrointestinal stromal tumor ( GIST) Radioembolization is often used in coordination with more well-established cancer treatments, such as surgery and chemotherapy: Radioembolization may be used on liver tumors too large for surgery to shrink them to allow surgical removal. Chemotherapy and radioembolization may be provided in combination to maximize the destruction of cancer cells. |
00decd5e4c8c06768ca85ee90f2d52cb | Is radioembolization combined with other cancer treatments? | Radioembolization has also been used for other forms of cancer affecting the liver, such as: Cholangiocarcinoma Breast cancer or lung cancer with liver metastasis Neuroendocrine tumors, such as carcinoid tumors, that have spread to the liver A type of sarcoma called gastrointestinal stromal tumor ( GIST) Radioembolization is often used in coordination with more well-established cancer treatments, such as surgery and chemotherapy: Radioembolization may be used on liver tumors too large for surgery to shrink them to allow surgical removal. Chemotherapy and radioembolization may be provided in combination to maximize the destruction of cancer cells. |
df9cd4ec8549c34ce49c5b4312665cad | What kind of cancer is radioembolization most used for? | Radioembolization is used primarily to treat cancer in the liver. The disease may take one of two forms: Cancer that has spread (metastasized) to the liver from a primary tumor elsewhere (such as colon or breast cancer) Cancer that first arises in the liver (such as hepatocellular carcinoma) Metastatic colorectal cancer in the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma are the cancers most often considered for radioembolization treatment. |
1745cd08ef505f65f8a1ef710307280d | Has radioembolization been effective in studies? | In several small studies, radioembolization delayed progression of colorectal cancer after its spread to the liver. Radioembolization also has been shown to shrink hepatocellular carcinomas. So far there is a small amount of evidence that people who get radioembolization and chemotherapy for cancer in the liver live longer than people receiving chemotherapy only. |
e7ac8095a9eb1ff44eba4a96e31e9aa2 | Does radioembolization have any serious complications or side effects? | Radioembolization has a low rate of serious side effects. However, a small percentage of people have serious problems after radioembolization. Potential complications of radioembolization include: Severe ulcers in the stomach or small intestine Liver or gallbladder failure Dangerously low white blood cell count Radiation damage to the lungs Tests performed before radioembolization can reduce some of the risks of complications from the procedure. |
c460d33461d7ffd00249a205b4229958 | Do I need surgery for lichen sclerosus? | Surgery to remove patches on the genital area of women doesn't happen much, since the patches return. If a woman has severe vaginal scarring that causes problems with sex, surgery can help. But it's only an option once the condition is under control. Surgery to treat lichen sclerosus in men can be a good option. Doctors often do a circumcision, which is removing the foreskin of the penis. After that, the condition probably won't come back. |
82cec52e727a565fe193296e1210958f | What are ways to feel better when you have lichen sclerosus? | Add a few inches of warm water to your bathtub and relax. A bath can help with discomfort caused by itching and scratching. Talk to your doctor about over-the-counter antihistamine skin creams to help with any discomfort. Avoid tight clothing, perfumed genital sprays, harsh skin cleansers, and scented dryer or fabric sheets. It may also help to wear cotton underwear during the day and no underwear when sleeping at night. |
0207d19b31ffed9f6995b1ec73f923fa | What should I do for lichen sclerosus on the genitals? | Although there's no cure for lichen sclerosus, there are treatments that can help. If you have it on your genitals, you should get it treated, even if you don't have symptoms. When left untreated, it can lead to problems with sex or urination. Patches on other parts of the body usually go away with time. |
f8c7ca1c022a7d0ff052f8a9852100c8 | What are treatments for lichen sclerosus? | Your doctor will probably first give you a steroid cream to put on the problem area. This can stop the itching. But it may take longer -- a few weeks or months --for the skin to return to a more normal appearance. You may need to use these creams or ointments for a long period of time to keep the condition from coming back. You'll need to keep up with your doctor appointments, since long-term use of steroid creams or ointments can make the skin become red or thin and cause stretch marks. The treatment can also cause genital yeast infections. |
a5c73be957338c2405779fac63766137 | What causes lichen sclerosus? | Doctors don't know why some people get lichen sclerosus. They think it may be due to genes, hormones, an infection, or some combination of these things. Another theory is that your immune system attacks your skin. It may even be caused by an old skin injury. |
1d4618588c4fdb962e6f4f7ee18bcdf2 | How is lichen sclerosus diagnosed? | Your doctor may do a physical exam and check on how your skin looks. He may order a biopsy, too. That means he will remove a small piece of your skin and send it to a lab to be viewed under a microscope. This will confirm or rule out the diagnosis. |
d3980987a2a90894d8162bdeb2268060 | When should you see a doctor about shoulder and elbow bursitis? | If your symptoms don't get better with at-home treatments, see your doctor. She'll check to see if your problem comes from an infection. |
6bc55a46b6f1ccadae6e5c957f9da032 | What is Imuran? | That means that it can theoretically halt the attack of the immune system on your nerves if you have multiple sclerosis. The drug can be used to slow the progression of MS in people who are not responding well to other treatments. Imuran may also be used with other disease-modifying therapies, such as Avonex, to boost their effect. |
f5a4cc61d854442d7cfcd91c7bade22e | What determines my proper dose of Imuran to treat multiple sclerosis? | Your white blood cell count and your weight will determine the dose that is prescribed. The starting dose is low and is slowly increased. Imuran is generally taken once or twice a day. It is available in 50 mg. tablets, which may be easily broken in half if necessary. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose and how often to take it -- follow these instructions carefully and ask your pharmacist or doctor to explain any instructions that you do not understand. It is important that you take this medication regularly as prescribed; do not stop taking it and do not take more or less of the drug than is prescribed. |
fcb68d31015cd43201e441183e571ca0 | What tips should I keep in mind while taking Imuran? | This discomfort is expected and will go away as your body gets used to the medication. If you have extreme nausea with vomiting, contact your doctor. While you are taking this medication, you may be asked to have regular blood tests (such as blood cell counts and liver function tests) to evaluate the medication's effectiveness and to monitor your response to the drug. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the lab. Your doctor may reduce or even stop Imuran when you are being treated for certain infections. This allows your body to effectively fight back. Be sure that you always have enough medication on hand. Check your supply before holidays or other occasions when you may be unable to fill your prescription. Do not have any vaccinations without your doctor's approval. Take precautions to avoid infection while taking this drug. Avoid anyone who may have an infection and report any signs of infection to your doctor. |
e7fba22effe44e4022be84f30daac1fb | How would I take Imuran to treat multiple sclerosis? | In cases of multiple sclerosis, Imuran is generally taken orally, in the form of tablets. |
5b9873d17ceec147ae3e8d69b2e3abfe | Does everyone experience the same side effects of Imuran therapy? | It's important to remember that not everyone experiences all of these side effects. This medication is generally well-tolerated. Even though some of the side effects could be very serious, remember that precautions will be taken to detect these side effects and treat them before they become harmful. |
34f28dee23cd1b70e7d91fa973c70be8 | What types of side effects are associated with Imuran? | Side effects of Imuran may include: Increased stomach irritation. Nausea and vomiting. Changes in hair color and texture along with hair loss -- these changes are usually temporary. Loss of appetite. Blood in the urine or stool. Unusual bruising. Fatigue. Development of mouth sores and ulcers. Liver damage. Increased risk of infection. Because Imuran is an immunosuppressive medication, it can lower the number of white blood cells in your blood, increasing the chance of infection. |
de8b429c18a97ab949ff4c7ba999bfe9 | What signs mean I should call my doctor immediately when taking Imuran? | Keep this and other drugs out of the reach of children If you're taking Imuran, call your doctor right away if you have any of these warning signs of infection: Fever over 100 ° F (38 ° C). Sweats or chills. Skin rash. Pain, tenderness, redness, or swelling. Wound or cut that won't heal. Red, warm, or draining sore. Sore throat, scratchy throat or pain when swallowing. Sinus drainage, nasal congestion, headaches, or tenderness along upper cheekbones. Persistent, dry or moist cough that lasts more than two days. White patches in your mouth or on your tongue. Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Flu-like symptoms (chills, aches, headache, or fatigue) or generally feeling "lousy." |
ee2da90f954657c0bede9919989ab5af | How should I store Imuran? | Store Imuran at room temperature. DO NOT store this medication in direct heat or light. DO NOT store this medication in the bathroom, near the kitchen sink, or in other damp places. Heat or moisture may cause it to break down. Keep this drug in the container it came in, tightly sealed. Do not keep outdated medicine. Keep this and other drugs out of the reach of children If you're taking Imuran, call your doctor right away if you have any of these warning signs of infection: Fever over 100 ° F (38 ° C). |
a4213fd3967272323b8e8175408b1aa4 | When should you see a doctor about stuffy ears and sinuses? | Usually, ear problems related to a sinus issue aren't severe and don't last long. Most of the time, they go away on their own. See your doctor if: You have a fever. You have head, face, or ear pain, or swelling that doesn't get better with non-prescription medication. Your symptoms last for more than a week or keep coming back. |
2b57ae6a477406ae0df88356333007be | How can you treat dizziness related to stuffy ears and sinuses? | Down lots of water in the evening. When you stay hydrated, it keeps nasal mucus thin. That helps it drain and means less nighttime stuffiness. A build-up of pressure in the inner ear, including pressure caused by sinus problems, can sometimes make you feel dizzy. No fast movements. Don't stand up too quickly or shake your head fast. Avoid caffeine , salt, alcohol, and tobacco products. These can affect your circulation, and minor changes in blood flow can affect your ears. |
3cb543692279459a062107839c0713db | How can temperature extremes help with stuffy ears and sinuses? | Avoid temperature extremes. They can make sinus-related ear problems worse. If your ears bother you, it isn't the time to go jogging on a hot day or build a snow fort with the kids. |
dbef866f4310ba022ce672076c6d8f5b | What medications can you use to treat stuffy ears and sinuses? | This can ease the pressure and pain. |
6df20169c64505c013860b7a9c32f630 | What is the connection between stuffy ears and sinuses? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Your sinuses and ears are connected inside your head. So sinus congestion and stuffiness can affect the pressure in your ears. Treating the congestion may help. Clogged sinuses can mean more than a stuffy nose. You can also have pain, dizziness, and that muffled-ear sensation, like you're in a descending plane. You can take steps to relieve your ears once you know what the problem is, though. |
feec4d485583619a74698d4e1f483978 | How can your posture affect stuffy ears and sinuses? | Keep your head up. If you bend forward with your head down, it can make the pressure worse. You'll want to skip yoga class until the sinus problem is over. |
0a2f06dad82f2be9a9d7e02dfb1616df | How can a decongestant help with stuffy ears and sinuses? | Over-the-counter tablets or nasal sprays can ease sinus blockage which in turn can relieve clogged ears. But don't use nasal decongestant sprays for more than 3 days, or you will rebound⦠meaning the more you use it the more you need it because you're congested. |
5dd4e7628cd43f60ea2ebdb56ad43b32 | How can you get moisture to help with stuffy ears and sinuses? | Use a nasal saline spray several times a day, or hold a warm, moist washcloth to your face. This can ease the pressure and pain. Humidifiers will also help keep your sinuses from drying out. Or you can sit in the bathroom with a hot shower running for 15 minutes to curb pain. |
bc7aab1484a7a4a5d14f8f6219bd164a | How can I manage my psoriasis? | It's closely linked with a hard-to-treat type called pustular psoriasis, which affects the palms of your hands and the soles of your feet. |
4626a9c484ed36d62e58863240a537ef | Should I learn as much as I can about psoriasis? | If you also have relatives with the disease, you're nine times more likely to get it. |
e82f63d0738b2fbdf62f7a0bb5c24a9d | How can surgery treat kidney stones? | Surgery: Another way doctors can get rid of a kidney stone is to cut a small hole in your back and through your kidney in order to remove the stone. If this procedure is done, you could have to stay in the hospital for several days. |
01e64783734072eb0e76812ac436f3d9 | How can ureteroscopy treat kidney stones? | Your doctor uses a thin, flexible scope to find and remove stones. No cuts are made in your skin. You'll sleep through this procedure. Your doctor will pass the scope through your bladder and ureter into your kidney. She uses a small basket to remove small stones. If the stones are larger, the doctor will pass a laser through the scope to break them up. Typically, you are able to go home on the same day. |
084d82d86c04763ca2cf048e399dfece | How can shock wave lithotripsy treat kidney stones? | It uses shock waves, which can blast the stone into little pieces. Then, the smaller pieces can more easily be passed in your urine. The treatment takes about an hour, and you can usually go home about an hour later. This treatment doesn't involve any surgical cuts, but there's still some pain. Your doctor will talk over your options with you: sedation, local anesthesia (you're given something to numb the pain but stay awake), general anesthesia (you're not awake during the procedure). |
1b15992f078688e756248d437fa52692 | Which foods should I stay away from if I've had kidney stones? | Avoid certain foods and soft drinks: If you have already had at least one kidney stone, it's a good idea to limit the animal protein you eat each day to a piece about the size of a deck of cards. Some foods, such as eggs, spinach, beets, chocolate, and nuts, as well as colas, have been linked to kidney stones. |
478256bd9770b84e30a6c272539a4d21 | What type of kidney stones are struvite stones? | Struvite stones: Infections, especially in the urinary tract, can cause you to have this kind of stone. |
1cf2f10a664b5c37cf8437ce3eaa850e | When should I call my doctor about kidney stones? | They include: Pain in your side or back, below the ribs, which is severe Pain in your groin and lower abdomen Pain that comes and goes and ranges in severity Painful urination and going more often than you usually do Urine that is cloudy, pink, red, or brown, or that has a bad smell Feeling like you need to pee all the time Fever and chills if you have an infection Small amounts of urine when you do go If you are in really bad pain, you probably want to see a doctor. Other signs you should quickly seek medical care include: Being sick to your stomach and throwing up, while in pain Being feverish and cold off and on, while in pain Having bloody urine or a hard time going How does your doctor know if you really do have a kidney stone? |
ab9cc835b3c0915f723f878376e3ee09 | What can cause kidney stones? | Similarly, if you don't have enough urine in your body to water down the high concentration of minerals, stones can form. Other things that can make you more likely to get kidney stones include: diet diarrhea (which can dehydrate you) obesity certain medical conditions and medications a family history of kidney stones. |
9a9444f3ea481735b1dbd57841134e9d | How do auras affect the senses? | You may: Have food cravings Get "hyper" or cranky Be fatigued and yawn more Feel stiff, especially your neck Need to urinate more often Get constipated or have diarrhea Auras often start about an hour or so before the headache. They aren't just distorted vision, though. They can affect any of your senses. Blind spots (scotomas) Vision loss in part of one or both eyes Seeing zigzag patterns (fortification spectra) Seeing flashing lights (scintilla) Seeing, hearing, or smelling things that aren't really there (hallucinations) Prickling, tingling, or numbness (paresthesia) Trouble finding words or speaking (aphasia) The aura usually lasts less than an hour. |
d171e30606dbf20b565ae9f2cf8a7b59 | What do migraines feel like? | Migraine pain is steady or throbs. You usually feel it on the front or side of your head, around the eyes. Adults are more likely to hurt on just one side. The headache may last from an hour to 3 days. |
a42c94d46f00d48745596a1ad2f696af | Are migraines with auras life-threatening? | Though they can hurt a lot and make you feel "off," these headaches aren't life-threatening. There are things you can do as well as medications and devices that can help treat the symptoms and prevent migraine with auras. |
e675946bc6ca61abfe6fb0fb2d13fc62 | Is migraine with aura life threatening? | Though they can hurt a lot and make you feel "off," these headaches aren't life-threatening. There are things you can do as well as medications and devices that can help treat the symptoms and prevent migraine with auras. |
c46c0b888ca5b1993803e9702f4978df | How long does migraine with aura last? | Some symptoms might continue into the headache phase. Migraine pain is steady or throbs. You usually feel it on the front or side of your head, around the eyes. Adults are more likely to hurt on just one side. The headache may last from an hour to 3 days. |
d875623f04893cfda2b4dcbc6fc92bd3 | What are symptoms of migraine with aura? | Besides pain, other headache symptoms may include: Upset stomach or vomiting Hot flashes and chills Stuff or runny nose Dizziness or spinning (vertigo) Sore neck or jaw Sensitivity to light, sounds, smells, touch, or motion Confusion Your doctor will give you a physical exam and check your muscles, reflexes, speech, and senses to test the nerves in your head. |
5d4d49043ec2e7671d401209092ae874 | What are common triggers of a migraine with aura? | Common ones include: Foods Medications Stress Being tired, sick, or hungry Hormone level changes Flickering or flashing light Air pressure or altitude changes A headache diary can help you and your doctor figure out what might be setting off your headaches. |
21cbf95e0dff751242fd7fcce949114f | What pain relievers are used to treat a migraine with aura? | Over-the-counter pain-relievers like aspirin, acetaminophen, or a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen, may help. Your doctor can prescribe larger doses of NSAIDs. ( Do not use aspirin in anyone under the age of 19.) |
f6a02975db6a4717b019515541494b45 | What drugs can prevent a migraine with aura? | You take these regularly to reduce the severity or frequency of the headaches. These include seizure medicines, blood pressure medicines (like beta blockers and calcium channel blockers), and some antidepressants. CGRP inhibitors are a new class of preventive medicine that your doctor may recommend if other medicines don't help. |
45887a22bd9bc838073207350889159b | How can you relieve the symptoms of migraine with aura? | When you're having a migraine with aura, stay in a quiet, dark room. Try cold compresses or pressure on the painful areas. Over-the-counter pain-relievers like aspirin, acetaminophen, or a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen, may help. Your doctor can prescribe larger doses of NSAIDs. ( Do not use aspirin in anyone under the age of 19.) |
47b1292d14df2cc452ecb86ebf2b691a | Who is more likely to get migraine with aura? | Migraine often runs in families. They frequently begin in childhood and get worse through adolescence. Although more boys than girls have migraine, more adult women than men have them. Over time, you'll get fewer, and they become less common after age 50. |
a1582e1128561ddabb1df57909f526ac | Are prescription recipes used to treat a migraine with aura? | The prescription medications are called triptans and include such medicines as almotriptan ( Axert), eletriptan ( Relpax), frovatriptan ( Frova), naratriptan ( Amerge), rizatriptan ( Maxalt) and sumatriptan ( Imitrex). Ergots ( Migergot, Cafergot) may also be effective in treating migraine pain. Other medications can ease related symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. |
d03a25e841056b063342734c54dbefdc | What blood tests are used to diagnose a migraine with aura? | Blood tests and imaging, such as X-ray, CT scan, or MRI, can help rule out other causes like an infection and bleeding. |
43e680a6465a9b55d7779c5387277179 | Where do migraine auras come from? | The aura which about 25% of migraine sufferers experience is believed to be due to this electrical wave moving across the part of your brain that processes signals from your senses. |
3b900123837be9cb24c37e125012243a | Can a headache diary help diagnose a migraine with aura? | Common ones include: Foods Medications Stress Being tired, sick, or hungry Hormone level changes Flickering or flashing light Air pressure or altitude changes A headache diary can help you and your doctor figure out what might be setting off your headaches. Note the date and time of the migraine, any foods you ate, what you were doing, and any medication you took before the headache began. It may take several weeks to begin to see a pattern. |
7145536fdcdfacea5049d24e41fa0c26 | What are liquid diets? | Like the name suggests, liquid diets mean you're getting all, or at least most, of your calories from drinks. Some liquid diets are limited to fruit or vegetable juices, or shakes, that replace all of your meals, taken three or four times a day. You do some of these diets on your own. Others need medical supervision. Other types of liquid diets replace just one or two meals (usually breakfast and lunch) with drinks, and then you eat a healthy dinner. You may also get snacks on some of these plans. |
67c7e9f52066b910db7b8ebfb90b5446 | How can I safely get on a liquid diet? | Pregnant or nursing women, and people who take insulin for diabetes, or anyone with a chronic illness shouldn't go on a liquid diet. If your doctor gives you the OK to go on a liquid diet, you should also see a registered dietitian, who can go over the diet with you and make sure you're getting enough calories and nutrition. Your dietitian might recommend that you take a vitamin or nutritional supplement while you're on the liquid diet. Before you choose a liquid diet plan, know what you're drinking. If you're considering one of the commercial diets, look at the daily values on the nutrition facts label. Be sure you're getting 100% of all the recommended vitamins and minerals. You may also want to pick a diet that is not too low in calories and contains plenty of protein and fiber to keep you feeling full while you lose the weight gradually. Liquid diets that include a solid meal or two per day, or that teach you healthier eating habits, will be more likely to help you keep the weight off in the long run. |
496578736e78c9556723289640fced53 | Can an automatic external defibrillator (AED) shock a person who is not in cardiac arrest? | No, the AED treats only a heart in an abnormal rhythm suitable for defibrillation. If a person is in cardiac arrest without such a rhythm, the heart will not respond to electric currents. CPR should be administered until medical help arrives. |
745691ed1b206c6d99f23d9b5fbb680d | What is sudden cardiac death (SCD)? | Sudden cardiac death ( SCD) is a sudden, unexpected death caused by a lethal heart rhythm (sudden cardiac arrest). It is a leading cause of ''natural deaths'' in the U. S., causing about 295,000 adults to die each year. SCD is responsible for half of all heart disease deaths. |
17585b35b12d51de4c3c46efd1401caa | Who can use an AED? | Most AEDs are designed to be used by non-medical people such as fire department personnel, police officers, lifeguards, flight attendants, security guards, teachers, and even family members of high-risk persons. The goal is to provide access defibrillation when needed as quickly as possible. CPR along with AEDs can dramatically increase survival rates for sudden cardiac arrest. |
59640e75d53fa631900b1f43280e9e60 | Who can get sudden cardiac death (SCD)? | SCD occurs most frequently in adults in their mid-30s to mid-40s, and affects men twice as often as it does women. SCD is rare in children, although the exact prevalence is not known. |
2ff7c0f9574cf622bf61ce0c4b3acf1e | How do you treat sudden cardiac death (SCD)? | Sudden cardiac arrest can be treated if addressed within the first few minutes. The American Heart Association promotes the following four steps, called "the chain of survival:" Early Access to Care. Quick contact with emergency care is essential. Call 911 (in most communities) or your local emergency number immediately. Early Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ( CPR). Learning CPR is the greatest gift you can give your family and friends. If performed properly (see below), CPR can help save a life until emergency medical help arrives. Early Defibrillation. In most adults, sudden cardiac death is related to ventricular fibrillation. Quick defibrillation (delivery of an electrical shock) is necessary to return the heart rhythm to a normal heartbeat. Many public places, such as malls, golf courses, and airports, have automated external defibrillators ( AEDs; see below) available for use in emergency situations. Early Advanced Care. After successful defibrillation, most patients require hospital care to treat and prevent future events. These four steps can increase survival as much as 90% if initiated within the first minutes after sudden cardiac arrest. Survival decreases by about 10% each minute longer. |
10472a51879faeb806e773b04c20e424 | How can avoiding smoking prevent you from getting prediabetes? | Smoking is strongly linked to diabetes: People who smoke are 30% to 40% more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than those who don't. And people with diabetes who continue smoking are more likely to develop complications such as heart disease and blindness. So the sooner you ditch the cigarettes, the better. |
a6f7f9659b4445f64067e2a064a9fa03 | What's the link between paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and aplastic anemia? | Scientists call this process âhemolysis.â Some doctors believe PNH is related to weak bone marrow. People with a certain type of anemia, called aplastic anemia, are more likely to get PNH. The reverse is also true: People with PNH are more likely to get aplastic anemia, though not everyone does. In this condition, your bone marrow stops making new blood cells. |
e5cd5812b227230dd83dff7f7ebce0b9 | What will your doctor ask before getting a diagnosis for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)? | Your doctor will ask about your medical history and any symptoms you've noticed. He may also ask you: Have you noticed blood in your urine? What medications do you take? Have you had any signs of blood clots? Have you had any stomach or digestive problems? Have you been tested for aplastic anemia or a bone marrow disorder? |
f5626f8f80f1189414961b211f29b461 | How can eculizumab (Soliris) help with treating paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)? | Eculizumab ( Soliris). This drug prevents the breakdown of red blood cells. This can improve anemia, lower or stop the need for blood transfusions, and reduce blood clots. It can make you more likely to get a meningitis infection, so you may need to get a meningitis vaccine. |
1811ed9f41f8d970c9cb31fae335442f | What causes the symptoms of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)? | Symptoms of the disease are caused by: Broken red blood cells Too few red blood cells (which can cause anemia) Blood clots in your veins You could have many symptoms or just a few. |
74bcb53ed60070aaa1f401dc6f832041 | What do you need to do when your paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) doesn't get better with usual treatments? | If your PNH doesn't get better with usual treatments, you may want to ask your doctor if you can take part in a clinical trial. These research studies try out new ways to treat PNH, before they're available to everyone. Ask your doctor what's involved and what you should consider before you sign up. |
82ef1b47a847b22967f88df436c92b82 | What tests are done to diagnose paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)? | One will count of the number of blood cells you have. You will probably also get other tests, such as flow cytometry, which checks on whether your red blood cells have the proteins that should protect them. Your doctor may also check your iron levels or get a sample of your bone marrow. If you have symptoms of a blood clot, he'll use other tests to look for those, too. |
6bce9f6d9fb0ca6e23776b3fd32b5952 | Are there surgical treatments for spinal compression fractures? | When chronic pain from a spinal compression fracture persists despite rest, activity modification, back bracing, and pain medication, surgery is the next step. Surgical procedures used to treat spinal fractures are: Vertebroplasty Kyphoplasty Spinal fusion surgery These procedures for spinal compression fractures involve small, minimally invasive incisions, so they require very little healing time. |
681757757f101b77008d770d373b07dc | What is kyphoplasty and how is it used to treat spinal compression fractures? | Kyphoplasty: This procedure helps correct the bone deformity and relieves the pain associated with spinal compression fractures. During the procedure: A tube is inserted through a half inch cut in the back into the damaged vertebrae. X-rays help ensure the accuracy of the procedure. A thin catheter tube -- with a balloon at the tip -- is guided into the vertebra. The balloon is inflated to create a cavity in which liquid bone cement is injected. The balloon is then deflated and removed, and bone cement is injected into the cavity. The cement mixture hardens in about 10 minutes. " |
f6d74f37e34cbd5314d7342e068fa0f4 | Is spinal fusion surgery used to treat spinal compression fractures? | Spinal fusion surgery is sometimes used for spinal compression fractures to eliminate motion between two vertebrae and relieve pain. The procedure connects two or more vertebrae together, holds them in the correct position, and keeps them from moving until they have a chance to grow together, or fuse. |
ab1762ad86dfdee849b4770b5b03c226 | How are vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty used to treat spinal compression fractures? | Surgical procedures used to treat spinal fractures are: Vertebroplasty Kyphoplasty Spinal fusion surgery These procedures for spinal compression fractures involve small, minimally invasive incisions, so they require very little healing time. They also use acrylic bone cement that hardens quickly, stabilizing the spinal bone fragments and therefore stabilizing the spine immediately. Most patients go home the same day or after one night's hospital stay. |
46f0440afdedb8340461812e0eab64c9 | Are there any drawbacks or side effects of spinal fusion surgery? | There are drawbacks to spinal fusion surgery. It eliminates the natural movement of the two vertebrae, which limits the person's movement. Also, it puts more stress on vertebrae next to the fusion - increasing the chance of fracture in those vertebrae. Even after healing is complete, patients may need to avoid certain lifting and twisting activities to prevent putting excess stress on the spine. " |
9f3f27d77a29aa3bb68f7df128e3aa97 | Are graft techniques used to treat spinal compression fractures? | The patient's own bone or bone from a bone bank can be used to create a graft. The patient's own bone marrow or blood platelets -- or a bio-engineered molecule -- can be used to stimulate growth of bone for the procedure. |
f158dd6a03214ca619a903bdd13a2562 | What occurs during spinal fusion surgery? | Metal screws are placed through a small tube of bone and into the vertebrae. The screws are attached to metal plates or metal rods that are bolted together in the back of the spine. The hardware holds the vertebrae in place. This stops movement, allowing the vertebrae to fuse. Bone is grafted into the spaces between vertebrae. " |
649586fddd83261c7f8827f39b6e7989 | How is vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty used to treat spinal compression fractures? | Surgical procedures used to treat spinal fractures are: Vertebroplasty Kyphoplasty Spinal fusion surgery These procedures for spinal compression fractures involve small, minimally invasive incisions, so they require very little healing time. They also use acrylic bone cement that hardens quickly, stabilizing the spinal bone fragments and therefore stabilizing the spine immediately. Most patients go home the same day or after one night's hospital stay. |
ca5ced962b42551a0cfdeaeb3b89de3a | What can be used in spinal fusion surgery for spinal compression fractures? | The patient's own bone or bone from a bone bank can be used to create a graft. The patient's own bone marrow or blood platelets -- or a bio-engineered molecule -- can be used to stimulate growth of bone for the procedure. |
4387d1048bc8b784155d47cdc5e69d42 | When is spinal fusion surgery used for spinal compression fractures? | Spinal fusion surgery is sometimes used for spinal compression fractures to eliminate motion between two vertebrae and relieve pain. The procedure connects two or more vertebrae together, holds them in the correct position, and keeps them from moving until they have a chance to grow together, or fuse. |
581a41674c46d3bd1584b633f9bc3546 | What pain medications are used to treat spinal compression fractures? | A carefully prescribed "cocktail" of pain medications can relieve bone-on-bone, muscle, and nerve pain, explains F. Todd Wetzel, MD, professor of orthopaedics and neurosurgery at Temple University School of Medicine in Philadelphia. " If it's prescribed correctly, you can reduce doses of the individual drugs in the cocktail." Over-the-counter pain medications are often sufficient in relieving pain. Two types of non-prescription medications -- acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) -- are recommended. Narcotic pain medications and muscle relaxants are often prescribed for short periods of time, since there is risk of addiction. Antidepressants can also help relieve nerve-related pain. |
d6fffa32ed3804368b484e900bbebc45 | How can back bracing treat spinal compression fractures? | A back brace provides external support to limit the motion of fractured vertebrae -- much like applying a cast on a broken wrist. The rigid style of a back brace limits spine-related motion significantly, which may help reduce pain. Newer elastic braces and corsets are more comfortable to wear but don't work, says Wetzel. " There's an old saying, ' The inconvenience of the brace is directly proportional to its effectiveness,'" he tells Web MD. However, braces should be used cautiously and only under a doctor's supervision. Weakening and loss of muscle can occur with excessive use of braces for lumbar conditions. |
cbbe38744f2c7a3b4f88de9036107998 | How is spinal fusion surgery done to treat spinal compression fractures? | Metal screws are placed through a small tube of bone and into the vertebrae. The screws are attached to metal plates or metal rods that are bolted together in the back of the spine. The hardware holds the vertebrae in place. This stops movement, allowing the vertebrae to fuse. Bone is grafted into the spaces between vertebrae. " |
d16251644c5f0d699b8289b65a951335 | What do doctors think about vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty for the treatment of spinal compression fractures? | These procedures are amazing, when you look at how well patients do," says Rex Marco, MD, chief of spine surgery and musculoskeletal oncology at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. " They're often in terrible, terrible pain, and it's not going away. But with two small incisions we can take care of something that needed a huge operation in the past but without really good results." " We do everything we can to make the operation go as smoothly as possible," says Marco. " Antibiotics decrease the chance of infection. And a special x-ray machine helps us get the needle into the bone and assure that cement goes into the bone and stays in the bone." |
2f773154ffcabe98ab6154aa5b9dd13d | What is the treatment for osteoporosis that has caused a spinal compression fracture? | Osteoporosis treatment. |
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