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[ { "id": "30687", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of three methods to increase knowledge about breast cancer and breast cancer screening in screening mammography patients . RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The specific aim of the study was to determine which of several cost-effective interventions is best able to improve the breast cancer knowledge of women who present for screening mammography . MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 198 English-speaking women , with no personal or family history of breast cancer , were recruited and randomized to four groups when they presented to the clinic for a screening mammogram . All women filled in a demographic data form and answered a questionnaire containing nine questions about breast cancer , risk , and screening to assess their knowledge and perception . Three educational interventions were tested in this study . The first consisted of a brochure , which provided answers to the questionnaire items and addressed the issues in more depth . The second intervention was an educational conversation with a specially trained mammography technologist . She reviewed the subject 's answers to the questionnaire items correcting and/or clarifying them . The third intervention consisted of the brochure together with the conversation with a trained technologist . There was also a control group that just filled in the study questionnaire but did not receive an educational intervention . The same questionnaire was administered by telephone 4 to 6 weeks after the screening experience to all study subjects . Changes in their knowledge and perceptions of breast cancer were measured and compared . RESULTS A statistically significant increase in knowledge was found in all of the three investigated groups compared to the control group . There were no statistically significant differences in the amount of increase between women who underwent different interventions . CONCLUSIONS All three interventions resulted in increased knowledge about breast cancer and screening . No differences in the amount of knowledge increase were found between three interventions tested . The educational brochure seems to represent the most convenient and least costly method to increase knowledge about breast cancer and screening among women who present for screening mammography ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2270 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30688", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "educational interventions" ], "offsets": [ [ 767, 792 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30689", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "brochure , which provided answers to the questionnaire items and addressed the issues in more depth" ], "offsets": [ [ 846, 945 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30690", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "educational conversation with a specially trained mammography technologist" ], "offsets": [ [ 979, 1053 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30691", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "brochure together with the conversation with a trained technologist" ], "offsets": [ [ 1195, 1262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30692", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "but did not receive an educational intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 1340, 1387 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30693", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "knowledge" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30694", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "breast cancer knowledge" ], "offsets": [ [ 280, 303 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30695", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "knowledge and perceptions of breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1528, 1570 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30696", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "knowledge" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30697", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "knowledge" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30698", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "knowledge" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30699", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "knowledge" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30700", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "screening mammography patients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30701", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "women who present for screening mammography" ], "offsets": [ [ 307, 350 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30702", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "198 English-speaking women" ], "offsets": [ [ 386, 412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30703", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30704", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "screening mammogram" ], "offsets": [ [ 554, 573 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "30706", "type": "document", "text": [ "A randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of pentoxifylline for the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis . OBJECTIVE To evaluate pentoxifylline for the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis . DESIGN A 60-day , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial with a 60-day no treatment follow-up . SETTING An oral medicine specialist referral center in Manchester . PARTICIPANTS Forty-nine volunteers who passed the initial assessment for recurrent aphthous stomatitis entered a pretrial phase in which their eligibility for the trial phase of the study was assessed . Sixteen subjects were deemed ineligible , and 7 failed to attend or withdrew . The remaining 26 subjects were randomized to placebo or treatment . Six subjects withdrew because of adverse effects , and 1 was unavailable for follow-up . INTERVENTION Pentoxifylline ( also called oxpentifylline ) , 400 mg 3 times daily , or matching placebo . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE A reduction in the median pain score , ulcer size , number of ulcers , or total number of ulcer episodes . RESULTS Patients taking pentoxifylline had less pain and reported smaller and fewer ulcers compared with baseline . Patients taking placebo reported no improvement in these variables . Patients taking pentoxifylline also reported more ulcer-free days than those taking placebo . However , the differences were small and , with the exception of median ulcer size ( P = .05 ) , did not reach statistical significance . Adverse effects were common with pentoxifylline , but not significantly different from those experienced by patients taking placebo . CONCLUSIONS Although pentoxifylline may have some benefit in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis , the benefit is limited . It may have a role in the treatment of patients unresponsive to other treatments , but can not yet be recommended as a first-line treatment ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1894 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30707", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30708", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pentoxifylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30709", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pentoxifylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30710", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30711", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Pentoxifylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 846, 860 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30712", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30713", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pentoxifylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30714", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30715", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pentoxifylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30716", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30717", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pentoxifylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30718", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30719", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pentoxifylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30720", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "median pain score" ], "offsets": [ [ 979, 996 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30721", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ulcer size" ], "offsets": [ [ 999, 1009 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30722", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "number of ulcers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1012, 1028 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30723", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "total number of ulcer episodes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1034, 1064 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30724", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "less pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1110, 1119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30725", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "smaller and fewer ulcers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1133, 1157 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30726", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "no improvement" ], "offsets": [ [ 1216, 1230 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30727", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "more ulcer-free days" ], "offsets": [ [ 1297, 1317 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30728", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "differences were small" ], "offsets": [ [ 1360, 1382 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30729", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "did not reach statistical significance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1443, 1481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30730", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Adverse effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1484, 1499 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30731", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "not significantly different" ], "offsets": [ [ 1538, 1565 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30732", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "aphthous stomatitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30733", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Forty-nine" ], "offsets": [ [ 407, 417 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30734", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "aphthous stomatitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30735", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Sixteen" ], "offsets": [ [ 597, 604 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30736", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "26" ], "offsets": [ [ 690, 692 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "30738", "type": "document", "text": [ "Long-term results of a randomized clinical trial of Shouldice , Lichtenstein and transabdominal preperitoneal hernia repairs . INTRODUCTION There is an ongoing debate about the preferred technique for inguinal hernia repair . In this randomized study the long-term results of Shouldice , Lichtenstein and transabdominal preperitoneal ( TAPP ) hernia repair were compared . METHODS Some 280 men with a primary hernia were randomized prospectively to undergo Shouldice , tension-free Lichtenstein or laparoscopic TAPP repair . Patients were examined after 52 months to assess hernia recurrence , nerve damage , testicular atrophy and patient satisfaction . RESULTS Hernia recurrence occurred in six patients after Shouldice repair , and in one patient each after Lichtenstein and TAPP repairs . All recurrences after tension-free repairs were diagnosed within the first year after surgery . Nerve injuries were significantly more frequent after open Shouldice and Lichtenstein repairs . Patient satisfaction was greatest after laparoscopic TAPP repair . CONCLUSION Tension-free repair was superior to the non-mesh Shouldice technique . The open anterior approach to the groin was associated with demonstrable nerve injury , and laparoscopic TAPP repair was the most effective approach in the hands of an experienced surgeon ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1323 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30739", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "transabdominal preperitoneal hernia repairs" ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 124 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30740", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "transabdominal preperitoneal ( TAPP ) hernia repair" ], "offsets": [ [ 305, 356 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30741", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "laparoscopic TAPP repair" ], "offsets": [ [ 498, 522 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30742", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hernia recurrence" ], "offsets": [ [ 574, 591 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30743", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nerve damage" ], "offsets": [ [ 594, 606 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30744", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "testicular atrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 609, 627 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30745", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "patient satisfaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 632, 652 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30746", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Hernia recurrence" ], "offsets": [ [ 663, 680 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30747", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Nerve injuries" ], "offsets": [ [ 889, 903 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30748", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Patient satisfaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 985, 1005 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30749", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nerve injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 1207, 1219 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30750", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Shouldice , Lichtenstein and transabdominal preperitoneal hernia" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 116 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30751", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "280" ], "offsets": [ [ 386, 389 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30752", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 390, 393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30753", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "primary hernia" ], "offsets": [ [ 401, 415 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "30755", "type": "document", "text": [ "A randomised trial of radiotherapy compared with cisplatin chemo-radiotherapy in patients with unresectable squamous cell cancer of the esophagus . BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Following our phase II experience , a randomised trial was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of adding chemotherapy to radiotherapy in patients with unresectable squamous cell cancer of the esophagus . PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients randomised to the RT group received 50 Gy/25 fx/5 weeks of teletherapy followed 1-2 weeks later with 12 Gy/2 fx of high-dose-rate intra-lumenal brachytherapy spaced a week apart . Following the first 3 years of recruitment , due to unexpected late morbidity , brachytherapy was excluded and the protocol modified to 66 Gy/33 fx/6.5 weeks . The CRT group received identical radiotherapy with concurrent weekly cisplatin at 35 mg/m ( 2 ) for 6-7 cycles . RESULTS Between April 1999 and December 2005 , 125 patients were randomised to a RT ( n=60 ) or CRT group ( n=65 ) . Radiotherapy treatment was completed in 78 % ( 47/60 ) of the RT group and 89 % ( 58/65 ) of the CRT group ( P=0.10 ) . Six or more cycles of cisplatin could be delivered in 63 % ( 41/65 ) , which resulted in RTOG grade 3 neutropenia of 3 % . Late morbidity in the form of ulcers ( 5 % vs. 15 % odds ratio 0.29 , 95 % CI 0.08-1.11 , P=0.08 ) and strictures ( 13 % vs. 28 % , odds ratio 0.40 , 95 % CI 0.16-1.01 , P=0.05 ) was observed in the RT and CRT groups , respectively . At a median follow up of 23 months of all patients alive ( range 6-82 months ) and with 95/125 events , the median , 1 , 2 and 5 year projected survival was 7.1 months , 32.3 % , 22.8 % and 13.7 % vs. 13.4 months , 57.6 % , 38.9 % and 24.8 % for the RT and CRT groups , respectively ( hazard ratio 0.65 , 95 % CI 0.44-0.98 , P=0.038 ) . CONCLUSIONS The addition of concurrent cisplatin to radiotherapy resulted in a modest improvement in survival and was associated with manageable additional acute and late morbidity ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1971 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30756", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30757", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin chemo-radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30758", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "adding chemotherapy to radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 269, 304 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30759", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "RT group received 50 Gy/25 fx/5 weeks of teletherapy followed 1-2 weeks later with 12 Gy/2 fx of high-dose-rate intra-lumenal brachytherapy spaced a week apart ." ], "offsets": [ [ 423, 584 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30760", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "brachytherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 549, 562 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30761", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "received identical radiotherapy with concurrent weekly cisplatin at 35 mg/m ( 2 ) for 6-7 cycles" ], "offsets": [ [ 759, 855 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30762", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30763", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30764", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 257, 265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30765", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "RTOG grade 3 neutropenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1184, 1208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30766", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Late morbidity in the form of ulcers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1218, 1254 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30767", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "strictures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1321, 1331 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30768", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1596, 1604 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30769", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "modest improvement in survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1868, 1898 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30770", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "manageable additional acute" ], "offsets": [ [ 1923, 1950 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30771", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "late morbidity" ], "offsets": [ [ 648, 662 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30772", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "unresectable squamous cell cancer of the esophagus" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 145 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30773", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "unresectable squamous cell cancer of the esophagus" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 145 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30774", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "125" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 908 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "30776", "type": "document", "text": [ "Women 's responses to information on mammographic breast density . The objective of this study was to determine the negative and positive outcomes of providing mammographic breast density ( MBD ) information to participants of a screening program . A randomized experiment was conducted with a sample of 618 women 50 years or older with MBD greater than 50 % of breast volume . The intervention consisted of reporting the presence of MBD in the screening mammography results letter that was sent along with an information pamphlet . Compared to the controls , more women in the intervention group described the term breast density correctly and recognized it as a risk factor for breast cancer . Although at the 4-week follow-up the intervention group indicated that they were \" very likely \" to have an annual clinical breast examination more frequently than controls , no differences were detected at 6 months . There were no significant differences on other behavioural or psychological measures , although at the 4-week follow-up the control group perceived their risk for breast cancer , relative to other women their age , as \" a lot lower \" than did women in the intervention group . The results demonstrate a feasible and non-threatening way to provide women with important personalized information about breast cancer risk ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1333 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30777", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "screening program" ], "offsets": [ [ 229, 246 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30778", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "reporting the presence of MBD in the screening mammography results letter that was sent along with an information pamphlet" ], "offsets": [ [ 408, 530 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30779", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "controls" ], "offsets": [ [ 549, 557 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30780", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "annual clinical breast examination" ], "offsets": [ [ 804, 838 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30781", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "breast density" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30782", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "behavioural or psychological measures" ], "offsets": [ [ 961, 998 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30783", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "breast cancer risk" ], "offsets": [ [ 1313, 1331 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30784", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Women 's responses to information on mammographic breast density ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "30786", "type": "document", "text": [ "Similar effects of rofecoxib and indomethacin on the incidence of heterotopic ossification after hip arthroplasty . BACKGROUND Although indomethacin is effective in preventing heterotopic ossification ( HO ) after primary total hip arthroplasty , side effects are frequently observed . In the last decade a new class of drugs -- the COX-2 selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs -- has been developed . To investigate the effect of these COX-2 selective NSAIDs on heterotopic ossification ( HO ) after primary total hip arthroplasty ( THA ) , we conducted a randomized controlled trial using either indomethacin or rofecoxib for 7 days . METHODS 186 patients received either indomethacin 3 times daily , or rofecoxib twice , and 1 placebo , daily for 7 days . HO was graded according to the 1-year postoperative radiographs according to the Brooker classification . RESULTS 12 of the 186 patients included discontinued their medication before the end of the trial due to side effects . The remaining 174 patients were included in the analysis . In the indomethacin group ( n = 89 ) , 77 patients ( 87 % ) showed no HO , 9 showed HO of grade 1 and 3 showed HO of grade 2 according to the Brooker classification . In the rofecoxib group ( n = 85 ) 73 patients ( 86 % ) showed no ossification , 9 showed grade 1 , and 3 showed grade 2 . INTERPRETATION The prophylactic effect of rofecoxib for 7 days in preventing heterotopic ossification after primary total hip arthroplasty is comparable to the effect of indomethacin given for 7 days . These results indicate that the development of HO follows a COX-2 pathway ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1618 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30787", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "indomethacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30788", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "COX-2 selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 333, 385 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30789", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "COX-2 selective NSAIDs" ], "offsets": [ [ 445, 467 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30790", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "indomethacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30791", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rofecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30792", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "indomethacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30793", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rofecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30794", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 738, 745 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30795", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "indomethacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30796", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rofecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30797", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rofecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30798", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "indomethacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30799", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heterotopic ossification" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 90 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30800", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 247, 259 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30801", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "NSAIDs" ], "offsets": [ [ 461, 467 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30802", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heterotopic ossification" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 90 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30803", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HO" ], "offsets": [ [ 203, 205 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30804", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "discontinued" ], "offsets": [ [ 913, 925 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30805", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 247, 259 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30806", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "showed no HO" ], "offsets": [ [ 1112, 1124 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30807", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "showed HO of grade 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1129, 1149 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30808", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "showed HO of grade 2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1156, 1176 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30809", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "showed no ossification" ], "offsets": [ [ 1274, 1296 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30810", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "showed grade 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1301, 1315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30811", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "showed grade 2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1324, 1338 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30812", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hip arthroplasty" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30813", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "primary total hip arthroplasty" ], "offsets": [ [ 214, 244 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30814", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "186" ], "offsets": [ [ 653, 656 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30815", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "12" ], "offsets": [ [ 881, 883 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30816", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "174" ], "offsets": [ [ 1007, 1010 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30817", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "89" ], "offsets": [ [ 1084, 1086 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30818", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "85" ], "offsets": [ [ 1248, 1250 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "30820", "type": "document", "text": [ "Development , description , and acceptability of a small-group , behavioral intervention to prevent HIV and hepatitis C virus infections among young adult injection drug users . Young injection drug users ( IDUs ) who are not infected with HIV or hepatitis C virus are at great risk of acquiring one or both of these infections through their sexual or injection behaviors . We describe the development of a behavioral intervention designed to decrease sexual and injection risk behaviors among young IDUs . The intervention was developed through a dynamic and iterative process that involved extensive development activities , focus groups with the target population to pilot individual activities and intervention sessions , and later , pilot testing of the entire intervention . The six-session intervention that emerged from the development process relied on both social-cognitive theories and peer influence models . We also designed a control intervention , trained facilitators to deliver the interventions , and conducted quality assurance of intervention delivery . To better understand intervention trial findings , we asked participants about their intervention experiences and examined potential contamination across arms . Both interventions were delivered with high fidelity and participants in both groups reported positive experiences . More perceived impact was reported for injection risk behaviors than for sexual risk behaviors among participants in the intervention arm . Minimal evidence of contamination was found . Lessons learned can help future researchers to develop stronger interventions for this high-need population ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1647 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30821", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "small-group , behavioral intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30822", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "sexual and injection risk behaviors" ], "offsets": [ [ 452, 487 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30823", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "perceived impact" ], "offsets": [ [ 1357, 1373 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30824", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "injection risk behaviors" ], "offsets": [ [ 463, 487 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30825", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "sexual risk behaviors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1425, 1446 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30826", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "contamination" ], "offsets": [ [ 1207, 1220 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30827", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "young adult" ], "offsets": [ [ 143, 154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30828", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "drug users" ], "offsets": [ [ 165, 175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30829", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "Young" ], "offsets": [ [ 178, 183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30830", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "injection drug users ( IDUs )" ], "offsets": [ [ 184, 213 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30831", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30832", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hepatitis C virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 125 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30833", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "young" ], "offsets": [ [ 143, 148 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30834", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "IDUs" ], "offsets": [ [ 207, 211 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "30836", "type": "document", "text": [ "Chemoradiation comparing cisplatin versus carboplatin in locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer : randomised , non-inferiority , open trial . PURPOSE This single centre , open labelled , randomised non-inferiority trial compared concurrent chemoradiotherapy with carboplatin versus standard concurrent chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer ( NPC ) . PATIENTS AND METHODS From August 1999 to December 2004 , 206 patients with locally advanced NPC were randomised with 101 to cisplatin arm and 105 to carboplatin arm . Planned radiotherapy was the same in both groups . All the patients were evaluated for toxicity and survival according to the as-treated principle . RESULTS With a median follow-up of 26.3 months ( range 3-74.6 months ) , 59 % of patients in the cisplatin arm completed the planned concurrent chemoradiation treatment , compared to 73 % in the carboplatin arm . Forty-two percent of cisplatin patients completed the 3 cycles of adjuvant therapy compared to 70 % in the carboplatin group . There were more renal toxicity , leucopenia , and anaemia in the cisplatin group , and more thrombocytopenia in the carboplatin arm . The 3 year disease free survival rates were 63.4 % for the cisplatin group and 60.9 % for the carboplatin group ( p=0.9613 ) ( HR 0.70 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 0.50-0.98 ) . The 3 year overall survival rates were 77.7 % and 79.2 % for cisplatin and carboplatin groups , respectively ( p=0.9884 ) ( HR 0.83 , 95 % CI : 0.63-1.010 ) . CONCLUSION We concluded that the tolerability of carboplatin based regimen is better than that of the cisplatin regimen . Moreover , the treatment efficacy of carboplatin arm is not different from the standard regimen in the treatment of locoregional advanced stage NPC ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1813 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30837", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30838", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "carboplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30839", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chemoradiotherapy with carboplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 240, 274 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30840", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "standard concurrent chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 334 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30841", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30842", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "carboplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30843", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Planned radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 595 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30844", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "carboplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30845", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30846", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 662, 670 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30847", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 675, 683 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30848", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "3 cycles of adjuvant therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 991, 1019 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30849", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "renal toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1080, 1094 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30850", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "leucopenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1097, 1107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30851", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "anaemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1114, 1121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30852", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "thrombocytopenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1156, 1172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30853", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "3 year disease free survival rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1202, 1236 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30854", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "3 year overall survival rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1387, 1416 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30855", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerability of carboplatin based regimen" ], "offsets": [ [ 1575, 1616 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30856", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "advanced nasopharyngeal cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30857", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 352, 397 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30858", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "206" ], "offsets": [ [ 465, 468 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30859", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "101" ], "offsets": [ [ 525, 528 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30860", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "105" ], "offsets": [ [ 550, 553 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30861", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "locoregional advanced stage NPC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1780, 1811 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "30863", "type": "document", "text": [ "Behavioral/psychoeducational group training in therapy for overtaxed men ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 74 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30864", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Behavioral/psychoeducational group training" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30865", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "overtaxed men ." ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30866", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "30868", "type": "document", "text": [ "Preliminary analysis of the final multicenter investigation of rheopheresis for age related macular degeneration ( AMD ) trial ( MIRA-1 ) results . PURPOSE To present an initial evaluation of the final data from the Multicenter Investigation of Rheopheresis for age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) ( MIRA-1 ) trial . This was a 12-month randomized , prospective , multicenter , double-masked , placebo-controlled , Food and Drug Administration approved clinical trial designed to compare rheopheresis treatment with placebo-control treatment . METHODS Patients that had nonexudative age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) and certain hemorheologic abnormalities were randomized to either rheopheresis or sham treatment in a 2:1 fashion . Best-corrected visual acuity was determined before and at 3 , 6 , 9 , and 12 months following treatment . Adverse events were also recorded . RESULTS A total of 216 patients were randomized . Of these , 18 were not included in the vision or adverse events evaluation because they did not complete one treatment . This decreased the number of patients that were evaluated for adverse events to 198 patients . In this group , there were 27 serious adverse events , but only 1.8 % of treatments were suspended because of adverse events . At 12 months , there were 104 treated patients and 63 placebo patients that had follow-up . The treated patients had a logMAR vision improvement of 0.02 +/- 0.213 , and the placebo patients had a vision improvement of 0.02 +/- 0.20 . This was not statistically significant ( P = .977 ) . The repeated measure P value for the entire time interval was not significant ( P = .69 ) . There appeared to be patients entered into the study that did not meet inclusion criteria . Excluding 37 % of the treated patients and 29 % of the placebo data from the analysis , there appeared to be statistically significant improvement in the treated patients compared to the control patients at 1 year with a P value of .001 ( repeated measures P value = .01 ) . CONCLUSIONS At best this was a flawed study in that 37 % of the treated cases did not meet inclusion criteria , and at worst there was no evidence of effect . Even though the number of serious adverse events is small , because this study did not show an effect in the intent-to-treat group , rheopheresis should not be performed for AMD outside of an approved randomized controlled trial ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2416 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30869", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rheopheresis" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30870", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Rheopheresis" ], "offsets": [ [ 245, 257 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30871", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 399, 417 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30872", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rheopheresis" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30873", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-control" ], "offsets": [ [ 399, 414 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30874", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rheopheresis" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30875", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sham treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 711, 725 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30876", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 399, 406 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30877", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 399, 406 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30878", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rheopheresis" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30879", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vision" ], "offsets": [ [ 976, 982 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30880", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 986, 1000 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30881", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "logMAR vision improvement" ], "offsets": [ [ 1399, 1424 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30882", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vision improvement" ], "offsets": [ [ 1406, 1424 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30883", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "age related macular degeneration ( AMD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 120 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30884", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Patients that had nonexudative age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) and certain hemorheologic abnormalities" ], "offsets": [ [ 557, 668 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30885", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "A total of 216 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 895, 918 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "30887", "type": "document", "text": [ "Clinical evaluation of imidapril in congestive heart failure in dogs : results of the EFFIC study . OBJECTIVES The clinical efficacy and safety of imidapril were evaluated in dogs that presented with mild to severe congestive heart failure ( New York Heart Association stage II to IV ) by comparing the success rate of imidapril with a positive control by a non-inferiority approach . METHODS This good , clinical practice compliant , multicentre study ( EFFIC study ) enrolled 142 client-owned dogs and was conducted in 20 locations in France , Belgium and Germany . Dogs of various breed , age and weight were included in the study . These dogs were randomised into two groups that were treated for 84 days with either the test product , imidapril , or the positive control , benazepril , and followed up in parallel over this period . Both treatments were administered at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg once a day with the possibility of doubling this dose to 0.5 mg/kg if considered necessary from a clinical point of view . In addition , concomitant treatment was given to dogs presenting with pulmonary oedema and/or ascites , supraventricular tachyarrhythmia and/or dilated cardiomyopathy . The evolution of the New York Heart Association stage and the \" functional signs \" score were evaluated as primary efficacy criteria . RESULTS The success rate in the imidapril group was 66 compared with 68 per cent in the benazepril group . Regarding safety , 35 dogs in each group experienced at least one adverse event . Nine dogs in each group experienced at least one serious adverse event . The difference between these results was not statistically significant . CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Imidapril is as efficacious and safe as the reference product , benazepril ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1756 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30888", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "imidapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30889", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "imidapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30890", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "imidapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30891", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "imidapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30892", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "benazepril" ], "offsets": [ [ 778, 788 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30893", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "imidapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30894", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "benazepril" ], "offsets": [ [ 778, 788 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30895", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy and safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 143 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30896", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "evolution of the New York Heart Association stage" ], "offsets": [ [ 1192, 1241 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30897", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "\" functional signs \" score" ], "offsets": [ [ 1250, 1276 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30898", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "success rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 303, 315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30899", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse event ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1496, 1511 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30900", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "serious adverse" ], "offsets": [ [ 1561, 1576 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30901", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "congestive heart failure in dogs :" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 70 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "30903", "type": "document", "text": [ "Efficacy and safety of a very-low-protein diet when postponing dialysis in the elderly : a prospective randomized multicenter controlled study . BACKGROUND A supplemented very-low-protein diet ( sVLPD ) seems to be safe when postponing dialysis therapy . STUDY DESIGN Prospective multicenter randomized controlled study designed to assess the noninferiority of diet versus dialysis in 1-year mortality assessed by using intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis . SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Italian uremic patients without diabetes older than 70 years with glomerular filtration rate of 5 to 7 mL/min ( 0.08 to 0.12 mL/s ) . INTERVENTION Randomization to an sVLPD ( diet group ) or dialysis . The sVLPD is a vegan diet ( 35 kcal ; proteins , 0.3 g/kg body weight daily ) supplemented with keto-analogues , amino acids , and vitamins . Patients following an sVLPD started dialysis therapy in the case of malnutrition , intractable fluid overload , hyperkalemia , or appearance of uremic symptoms . OUTCOMES & MEASUREMENTS Mortality , hospitalization , and metabolic markers . RESULTS 56 patients were randomly assigned to each group , median follow-up was 26.5 months ( interquartile range , 40 ) , and patients in the diet group spent a median of 10.7 months ( interquartile range , 11 ) following an sVLPD . Forty patients in the diet group started dialysis treatment because of either fluid overload or hyperkalemia . There were 31 deaths ( 55 % ) in the dialysis group and 28 deaths ( 50 % ) in the diet group . One-year observed survival rates at intention to treat were 83.7 % ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 74.5 to 94.0 ) in the dialysis group versus 87.3 % ( 95 % CI , 78.9 to 96.5 ) in the diet group ( log-rank test for noninferiority , P < 0.001 ; for superiority , P = 0.6 ) : the difference in survival was -3.6 % ( 95 % CI , -17 to +10 ; P = 0.002 ) . The hazard ratio for hospitalization was 1.50 for the dialysis group ( 95 % CI , 1.11 to 2.01 ; P < 0.01 ) . LIMITATIONS The unblinded nature of the study , exclusion of patients with diabetes , and incomplete enrollment . CONCLUSION An sVLPD was effective and safe when postponing dialysis treatment in elderly patients without diabetes ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2208 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30904", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "very-low-protein diet" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30905", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "supplemented very-low-protein diet ( sVLPD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 158, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30906", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "diet" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30907", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "dialysis" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30908", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "sVLPD ( diet group )" ], "offsets": [ [ 657, 677 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30909", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "dialysis" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30910", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "sVLPD" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30911", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "sVLPD" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30912", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "dialysis therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 236, 252 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30913", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "diet group" ], "offsets": [ [ 665, 675 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30914", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "sVLPD" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30915", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "dialysis treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1349, 1367 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30916", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "dialysis group" ], "offsets": [ [ 1456, 1470 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30917", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "diet group" ], "offsets": [ [ 665, 675 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30918", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "dialysis" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30919", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "diet" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30920", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "dialysis group" ], "offsets": [ [ 1456, 1470 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30921", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "sVLPD" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30922", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Efficacy and safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30923", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safe" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 17 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30924", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1020, 1029 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30925", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hospitalization" ], "offsets": [ [ 1032, 1047 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30926", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "metabolic markers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1054, 1071 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30927", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fluid overload or hyperkalemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1386, 1416 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30928", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 1433, 1439 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30929", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "One-year observed survival rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1514, 1546 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30930", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1532, 1540 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30931", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "The hazard ratio for hospitalization" ], "offsets": [ [ 1869, 1905 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30932", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective and safe" ], "offsets": [ [ 2116, 2134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30933", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "postponing dialysis" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30934", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "elderly" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30935", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 522, 530 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30936", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "older than 70 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 531, 550 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30937", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "glomerular filtration rate of 5 to 7 mL/min ( 0.08 to 0.12 mL/s )" ], "offsets": [ [ 556, 621 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30938", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "56 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1082, 1093 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30939", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "elderly patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2173, 2189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30940", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 522, 530 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "30942", "type": "document", "text": [ "Can a home-visit invitation increase Pap smear screening in Samliem , Khon Kaen , Thailand ? Our objective was to assess the efficiency of a home-visit invitation aimed to increase uptake of cervical cancer screening in women between 35 and 60 years of age . From May , 2006 , we conducted a quasi-randomized trial to determine if an in-home education and invitation intervention would increase uptake of cervical cancer screening . We randomly recruited 304 women from the Samliem inner-city community , Khon Kaen , Northeast Thailand , and assigned participants to either the intervention or control zone . Baseline screening coverage interviews were then performed : 58 of 158 women in the intervention zone and 46 of 146 in the control zone were excluded from the study because of having had a Pap smear within 5 years , but these were included in the final analysis . First , 100 women in the intervention group were visited in their homes by one of the researchers , who provided culturally-sensitive health education that emphasized the need for screening . Four months later , post-intervention , screening-coverage interviews were again performed in both groups , in combination with the same health education for 100 women in the control group for a comparison . There was no difference in the baseline Pap smear screening-coverage rate in the intervention vs. control zones ( 36.7 vs. 31.5 % , p=0.339 ) . One hundred women in the intervention group completed the intervention interviews and after four months , 100 women in the intervention group and 100 in the control group also completed the post-intervention interviews . The increased screening-coverage rate in the intervention zone was similar to that of the control zone ( 43.6 vs. 34.9 % , p=0.119 ) ; however , there was a borderline significant increase in the intervention zone compared with baseline ( 36.7 to 43.6 % , p=0.070 ) . Therefore , home visit education and invitation intervention produced only a nominal effect on increasing Pap smear coverage within a 4-month study period ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2062 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30943", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "home-visit invitation" ], "offsets": [ [ 6, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30944", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "home-visit invitation" ], "offsets": [ [ 6, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30945", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "in-home education and invitation intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30946", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 367, 379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30947", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control zone ." ], "offsets": [ [ 594, 608 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30948", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "visited in their homes by one of the researchers , who provided culturally-sensitive health education that emphasized the need for screening ." ], "offsets": [ [ 922, 1064 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30949", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "screening-coverage interviews" ], "offsets": [ [ 1105, 1134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30950", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 594, 601 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30951", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "home visit education and invitation intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 1918, 1966 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30952", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "baseline Pap smear screening-coverage rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1304, 1346 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30953", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "screening-coverage rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1323, 1346 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30954", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cervical cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 206 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30955", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 225 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30956", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "35 and 60" ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 243 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30957", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "304" ], "offsets": [ [ 455, 458 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30958", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 225 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30959", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "58" ], "offsets": [ [ 670, 672 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30960", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "158" ], "offsets": [ [ 676, 679 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30961", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 225 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30962", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "46" ], "offsets": [ [ 715, 717 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30963", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "146" ], "offsets": [ [ 721, 724 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30964", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "100" ], "offsets": [ [ 881, 884 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30965", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 225 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30966", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "100" ], "offsets": [ [ 881, 884 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30967", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 225 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "30969", "type": "document", "text": [ "Use of the electrothermal bipolar vessel system ( EBVS ) in laparoscopic adrenalectomy : a prospective study . BACKGROUND Since laparoscopic adrenalectomy ( LA ) has been adopted as the gold standard for the treatment of adrenal diseases , the development of technology for vascular control and dissection manoeuvres , amongst other things , may play a pivotal role in its further improvement . We report our experience with the electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing ( EBVS ) device for LA . METHODS From January 2004 to January 2006 , 50 patients ( pts ) undergoing LA were selected and randomized for use of the EBVS ( 25 pts , group A ) versus the UltraSonic Shears ( USS ) device ( 25 pts , group B ) . Age , sex , body mass index ( BMI ) , previous surgery and associated diseases were similar between the two groups . The main surgical parameters collected for each patient ( pt ) concerned operative time , major and minor complications , conversion rate , blood loss , hospital stay and histology . RESULTS There was no mortality in either group . The right adrenalectomy mean operative time ( OpT ) was 51.8 mins ( range 40-90 mins ) and 68.6 mins ( range 50-130 mins ) in group A and B , respectively ( P not significant ) . The left adrenalectomy mean OpT was 72.2 mins ( range 55-100 mins ) and 94 mins ( range 65-140 mins ) for group A and B , respectively ( P < 0.05 ) . The mean blood loss was 83 ml ( group A ) and 210 ml ( group B ) ( p < 0.05 ) . Complications were not different for the two groups . The mean hospital stay was 2.9 and 3.1 days in group A and B , respectively ( P not significant ) . CONCLUSIONS EBVS in LA may provide a significantly short operating time and blood loss ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1707 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30970", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "electrothermal bipolar vessel system ( EBVS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30971", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing ( EBVS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 429, 475 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30972", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "EBVS" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30973", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "( 25 pts , group A ) versus the UltraSonic Shears ( USS ) device" ], "offsets": [ [ 619, 683 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30974", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "no mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1025, 1037 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30975", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "mean operative time ( OpT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1080, 1107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30976", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "left adrenalectomy mean OpT" ], "offsets": [ [ 1239, 1266 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30977", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean blood loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 1389, 1404 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30978", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "mean hospital stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 1523, 1541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30979", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "short operating time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1670, 1690 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30980", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 964, 974 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "30982", "type": "document", "text": [ "Dissociation between cortical activation and cognitive performance under pharmacological blood pressure elevation in chronic hypotension . The present study explored the impact of pharmacological blood pressure elevation on cortical activation and reaction time in chronic hypotension . Effects of the sympathomimetic etilefrine were investigated in 50 hypotensive persons based on a randomized , placebo-controlled double blind design . As an indicator of cortical excitability , the contingent negative variation ( CNV ) , induced by a constant foreperiod reaction time task , was assessed at frontal ( F3 , Fz , F4 ) and central ( C3 , Cz , C4 ) scalp sites . Etilefrine provoked a decrease in the frontal and central CNV . In contrast , shorter reaction times were observed following drug administration . The degree of pharmacologically induced blood pressure elevation was correlated to CNV attrition as well as to performance enhancement . Inhibitory effects of baroreceptor activation on cortical excitability and enhanced cerebral blood flow are considered to be involved in mediating the effects of blood pressure elevation on cerebral functioning . Implications for the treatment of chronic hypotension are discussed ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1229 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30983", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pharmacological blood pressure elevation" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30984", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sympathomimetic etilefrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 302, 328 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30985", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 397, 415 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30986", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Etilefrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 663, 673 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30987", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "frontal and central CNV ." ], "offsets": [ [ 701, 726 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30988", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reaction times" ], "offsets": [ [ 749, 763 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30989", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "induced blood pressure elevation" ], "offsets": [ [ 842, 874 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30990", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure elevation" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30991", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "chronic hypotension" ], "offsets": [ [ 117, 136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30992", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic hypotension" ], "offsets": [ [ 117, 136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30993", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "50" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 352 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30994", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypotensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 353, 364 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "30996", "type": "document", "text": [ "Fine needle aspiration coupled with real-time PCR : a painless methodology to study adaptive functional changes in skeletal muscle . BACKGROUND AND AIM In this study we developed a new methodology for obtaining human skeletal muscle samples to evaluate gene expression . This approach is based on a fine needle aspiration technique , which allows us to extract a small tissue sample in a significantly less invasive manner than with classic biopsy . METHODS AND RESULTS Multiplex tandem RT-PCR was used to determine the mRNA levels of genes involved in ATP production and mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle tissue . Samples of vastus lateralis muscle were obtained from 21 healthy subjects with different fitness levels . The principal findings in our study show a strong correlation between PGC-1alpha and COX5B ( p < 0.001 ) and between PGC-1alpha and MT-CO2 ( p=0.017 ) expression . Furthermore , a significant positive correlation between mtDNA content and the percentage of MHCI present in the aspired samples were found ( p=0.028 ) . These data are in agreement with current knowledge on skeletal muscle physiology and show the reliability of the proposed method . CONCLUSION This painless methodology can be used to investigate , in vivo , human muscle RNA and DNA adaptations in response to either physiological and/or pharmacological stimuli . This method has major clinical relevance , such as its application in clarifying the mechanisms underling metabolic and systemic disorders ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1493 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30997", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Fine needle aspiration coupled with real-time PCR" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30998", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "methodology" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "30999", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "fine needle aspiration technique" ], "offsets": [ [ 299, 331 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31000", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Multiplex tandem RT-PCR" ], "offsets": [ [ 470, 493 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31001", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "painless methodology" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31002", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PGC-1alpha and COX5B" ], "offsets": [ [ 792, 812 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31003", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PGC-1alpha and MT-CO2" ], "offsets": [ [ 839, 860 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31004", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "21" ], "offsets": [ [ 670, 672 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31005", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy" ], "offsets": [ [ 673, 680 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31006", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "different fitness levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 695, 719 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31008", "type": "document", "text": [ "Trace element supplementation after major burns modulates antioxidant status and clinical course by way of increased tissue trace element concentrations . BACKGROUND After major burns , patients can develop nutritional deficiencies including trace element ( TE ) deficiencies . Various complications , such as infections and delayed wound healing , influence the clinical course of such patients . OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the effects of large , intravenous doses of TE supplements on circulating and cutaneous TE tissue concentrations , on antioxidant status , and on clinical outcome after major burns . DESIGN This was a prospective , randomized , placebo-controlled trial in 21 patients aged 35 +/- 11 y ( x +/- SD ) with burns on 45 +/- 21 % of their body surface area . Intravenous copper , selenium , and zinc ( TE group ) or vehicle ( V group ) was given with a saline solution for 14-21 d. Blood and urine samples were collected until day 20 , and skin biopsy specimens were collected on days 3 , 10 , and 20 . RESULTS The age of the patients and the severity of their burns did not differ significantly between the groups . Plasma TE concentrations were significantly higher in the TE group . In burned areas , skin contents of both selenium ( P=0.05 ) and zinc ( P=0.04 ) increased significantly by day 20 . Plasma and tissue antioxidant status was improved by supplementation . The number of infections in the first 30 d was significantly lower in the TE group ( P=0.015 ) , with a median number of 2 versus 4 infections per patient in the TE and V groups , respectively , as a result of a reduction in pulmonary infections ( P=0.03 ) . Wound healing was improved in the TE group , with lower requirements for regrafting ( P=0.02 ) . CONCLUSIONS TE supplementation was associated with higher circulating plasma and skin tissue contents of selenium and zinc and improved antioxidant status . These changes were associated with improved clinical outcome , including fewer pulmonary infections and better wound healing ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2039 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31009", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Trace element supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31010", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TE supplements" ], "offsets": [ [ 477, 491 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31011", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 661, 679 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31012", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Intravenous copper , selenium , and zinc ( TE group )" ], "offsets": [ [ 786, 839 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31013", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "vehicle" ], "offsets": [ [ 843, 850 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31014", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TE" ], "offsets": [ [ 258, 260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31015", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tissue trace element concentrations ." ], "offsets": [ [ 117, 154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31016", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "skin contents of both selenium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1231, 1261 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31017", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "number of infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 1404, 1424 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31019", "type": "document", "text": [ "Supplementation with iron and riboflavin enhances dark adaptation response to vitamin A-fortified rice in iron-deficient , pregnant , nightblind Nepali women . BACKGROUND Nightblindness affects 16-52 % of pregnant women in areas of Nepal and in some cases persists after vitamin A treatment . Iron and riboflavin affect vitamin A utilization and photoreceptor function , respectively , and pilot data in the study population showed a high prevalence of iron and riboflavin deficiencies . OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess the effect of supplemental iron and riboflavin on pupillary threshold ( PT ) and plasma retinol in nightblind , pregnant Nepali women given vitamin A-fortified rice . DESIGN Nightblind pregnant women were randomly assigned to receive , 6 d/wk under supervision for 6 wk , a vitamin A-fortified rice curry dish providing 850 microg retinal activity equivalents/d with either a 30-mg Fe and 6-mg riboflavin ( FeR + VA ) capsule or a placebo control ( VA only ) capsule . Hemoglobin , erythrocyte riboflavin , and plasma ferritin and retinol were measured before and after the intervention . Dark adaptation was assessed by PT score . RESULTS Women who were iron deficient at baseline ( n=38 ) had significantly greater improvement in PT score with iron and riboflavin supplementation than without ( P=0.05 ) . Iron and riboflavin supplements significantly reduced the prevalences of riboflavin deficiency ( from 60 % to 6 % ; P < 0.0001 ) , iron deficiency anemia ( from 35 % to 15 % ; P < 0.007 ) , and abnormal PT ( from 87 % to 30 % ; P < 0.05 ) from baseline . Mean increases in erythrocyte riboflavin ( P < 0.0001 ) and plasma ferritin ( P=0.01 ) were greater in the FeR + VA group than in the VA only group . CONCLUSIONS Iron deficiency may limit the efficacy of vitamin A to normalize dark adaptation in pregnant Nepali women . Further studies are needed to assess the effect of simultaneous delivery of iron and vitamin A for the treatment of nightblindness ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1991 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31020", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Supplementation with iron and riboflavin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31021", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin A-fortified rice" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31022", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 293, 297 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31023", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "riboflavin" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31024", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "supplemental iron and riboflavin" ], "offsets": [ [ 540, 572 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31025", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin A-fortified rice curry dish" ], "offsets": [ [ 800, 835 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31026", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "30-mg Fe" ], "offsets": [ [ 902, 910 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31027", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "6-mg riboflavin" ], "offsets": [ [ 915, 930 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31028", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo control" ], "offsets": [ [ 957, 972 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31029", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31030", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "riboflavin" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31031", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin A" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 87 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31032", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Hemoglobin , erythrocyte riboflavin , and plasma ferritin and retinol" ], "offsets": [ [ 995, 1064 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31033", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PT score with iron and riboflavin supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1258, 1307 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31034", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "riboflavin deficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 1407, 1428 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31035", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "iron deficiency anemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1465, 1487 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31036", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "abnormal PT" ], "offsets": [ [ 1528, 1539 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31037", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "plasma ferritin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1037, 1052 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31038", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "iron-deficient , pregnant , nightblind" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31039", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 152, 157 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31040", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "pregnant" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31041", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 152, 157 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31042", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Nightblind pregnant" ], "offsets": [ [ 700, 719 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31043", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 152, 157 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31044", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "pregnant" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 131 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31046", "type": "document", "text": [ "The effectiveness of Picture Exchange Communication System ( PECS ) training for teachers of children with autism : a pragmatic , group randomised controlled trial . OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of expert training and consultancy for teachers of children with autism spectrum disorder in the use of the Picture Exchange Communication System ( PECS ) . METHOD DESIGN Group randomised , controlled trial ( 3 groups : immediate treatment , delayed treatment , no treatment ) . PARTICIPANTS 84 elementary school children , mean age 6.8 years . TREATMENT A 2-day PECS workshop for teachers plus 6 half-day , school-based training sessions with expert consultants over 5 months . OUTCOME MEASURES Rates of : communicative initiations , use of PECS , and speech in the classroom ; Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic ( ADOS-G ) domain scores for Communication and Reciprocal Social Interaction ; scores on formal language tests . RESULTS Controlling for baseline age , developmental quotient ( DQ ) and language ; rates of initiations and PECS usage increased significantly immediately post-treatment ( Odds Ratio ( OR ) of being in a higher ordinal rate category 2.72 , 95 % confidence interval 1.22-6.09 , p < .05 and OR 3.90 ( 95 % CI 1.75-8.68 ) , p < .001 , respectively ) . There were no increases in frequency of speech , or improvements in ADOS-G ratings or language test scores . CONCLUSIONS The results indicate modest effectiveness of PECS teacher training/consultancy . Rates of pupils ' initiations and use of symbols in the classroom increased , although there was no evidence of improvement in other areas of communication . TREATMENT effects were not maintained once active intervention ceased ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1724 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31047", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Picture Exchange Communication System ( PECS ) training" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31048", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Picture Exchange Communication System ( PECS ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 312, 360 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31049", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "A 2-day PECS workshop for teachers plus 6 half-day , school-based training sessions with expert consultants over 5 months ." ], "offsets": [ [ 559, 682 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31050", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "PECS" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31051", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "PECS teacher training/consultancy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1459, 1494 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31052", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "communicative initiations , use of PECS , and speech in the classroom ; Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic ( ADOS-G ) domain scores for Communication and Reciprocal Social Interaction ; scores on formal language tests" ], "offsets": [ [ 711, 940 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31053", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "developmental quotient ( DQ ) and language ; rates of initiations and PECS usage" ], "offsets": [ [ 982, 1062 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31054", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "frequency of speech , or improvements in ADOS-G ratings or language test scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1320, 1399 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31055", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "teachers of children with autism :" ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 115 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31056", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "teachers of children with autism spectrum disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 243, 293 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31057", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "84" ], "offsets": [ [ 496, 498 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31058", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "elementary school children , mean age 6.8 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 499, 546 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31060", "type": "document", "text": [ "Evaluation of the topical hemostatic efficacy and safety of TISSEEL VH S/D fibrin sealant compared with currently licensed TISSEEL VH in patients undergoing cardiac surgery : a phase 3 , randomized , double-blind clinical study . AIM TISSEEL VH is the only commercially available fibrin sealant indicated as an adjunct to conventional methods of hemostasis during cardiac surgery . A next generation fibrin sealant ( TISSEEL VH S/D ) has been developed in frozen , ready-to-use form with an added virus inactivation step ( solvent/detergent [ S/D ] treatment ) to provide added safety and convenience to the currently licensed product . This study was performed to compare efficacy and safety of the two products . METHODS Phase 3 , prospective , randomized , double-blind , multicenter study to compare TISSEEL VH S/D to TISSEEL VH during cardiac surgery . The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients who achieved hemostasis at the primary treatment site within 5 min , and maintained hemostasis until surgical closure . RESULTS The proportion of patients who achieved hemostasis at the primary treatment site within 5 min , and maintained hemostasis until surgical closure was 88.2 % for TISSEEL VH S/D and 89.6 % for TISSEEL VH in the intent-to-treat population . The difference in proportions , TISSEEL VH S/D minus TISSEEL VH , was 1.4 % with a standard error of 3.70 % . The lower 97.5 % confidence bound of this difference was 8.6 % , which is above the predefined noninferiority margin of 15 % . Therefore , TISSEEL VH S/D is at least as efficacious as TISSEEL VH . The safety profile of TISSEEL VH S/D was very similar to that of currently licensed TISSEEL VH as assessed by the safety endpoints . CONCLUSION TISSEEL VH S/D is safe and effective for use as an adjunct to hemostasis in patients undergoing cardiac surgery ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1848 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31061", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TISSEEL VH S/D fibrin sealant" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31062", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "currently licensed TISSEEL VH" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31063", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fibrin sealant ( TISSEEL VH S/D )" ], "offsets": [ [ 400, 433 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31064", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TISSEEL VH S/D to TISSEEL VH" ], "offsets": [ [ 804, 832 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31065", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy and safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31066", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy and safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31067", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "proportion of patients who achieved hemostasis" ], "offsets": [ [ 896, 942 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31068", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "proportion of patients who achieved hemostasis" ], "offsets": [ [ 896, 942 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31069", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "maintained hemostasis" ], "offsets": [ [ 992, 1013 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31070", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safe" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31071", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 1762, 1771 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31072", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients undergoing cardiac surgery ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1811, 1848 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31074", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Laparoscopic lymphadenectomy as treatment of endometrial cancer ] . AIM This study compares the effects of laparoscopic lymphadenectomy versus those of abdominal lymphadenectomy in patients with endometrial cancer . METHODS A prospective randomized study was performed among 80 patients randomly assigned to laparoscopic lymphadenectomy and to abdominal lymphadenectomy in the treatment of endometrial cancer . Clinical outcomes and complications were compared for 1 year of follow-up . RESULTS Forty patients were assigned to laparoscopic lymphadenectomy and 40 patients to abdominal lymphadenectomy . The laparoscopic approach was associated with a longer operative time ( 234.1 min vs 137.3 min ) but was less painful ( VAS 5.3 vs 7.9 ; P < 0.000 ) and resulted in a shorter hospital stay ( 4.4+/-1 vs 7.9+/-1.2 days ; P < 0.000 ) . At 6 weeks the quality of life was better in patients who had laparoscopic lymphadenectomy ( SF-12 ) . CONCLUSION Laparoscopic lymphadenectomy was associated with a significantly lower rate of major and minor postoperative complications and a better short term quality of life ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1116 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31075", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Laparoscopic lymphadenectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31076", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "lymphadenectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31077", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "lymphadenectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31078", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "laparoscopic lymphadenectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 137 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31079", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "abdominal lymphadenectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 179 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31080", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "lymphadenectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31081", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "lymphadenectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31082", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "lymphadenectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31083", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "lymphadenectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31084", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "longer operative time" ], "offsets": [ [ 653, 674 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31085", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "less painful" ], "offsets": [ [ 710, 722 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31086", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "shorter hospital stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 772, 793 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31087", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 853, 868 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31088", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rate of major and minor postoperative complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 1023, 1074 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31089", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 853, 868 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31090", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "endometrial cancer ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31091", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with endometrial cancer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 183, 217 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31092", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "80 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 277, 288 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31093", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "laparoscopic lymphadenectomy and to abdominal lymphadenectomy in the treatment of endometrial cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 410 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31094", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Forty patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 497, 511 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31096", "type": "document", "text": [ "Is Na+ modeling necessary in high flux dialysis ? One important pathogenic factor in dialysis hypotension is the drop in plasma osmolality . Increasing the dialysate Na+ concentration decreases hypotensive episodes . The authors studied 39 patients being treated with high flux dialysis . During a 9 week period , the patients were on a standard Na+ dialysate ( Na+ = 140 meq/L ) basal period ( B ) ; 9 % ( Na+ = 149 meq/L ) linear ( L ) ; step drop ( S ) ; and exponential drop ( E ) . The Na+ program was changed weekly at random . The results obtained with the three Na+ modeling programs were similar . We compared the periods with and without Na+ modeling : no differences were found in weight gained interdialysis , mean blood pressure predialysis and postdialysis , and hemoconcentration . Serum Na+ levels were significantly higher predialysis and postdialysis for those patients on Na+ modeling . Hypotensive episodes and cramps decreased 50 % with Na+ modeling . The amount of hypertonic and normal saline given during dialysis was markedly reduced . Na+ modeling should always be used in patients being maintained on high flux dialysis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1148 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31097", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Na+ modeling" ], "offsets": [ [ 3, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31098", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Na+" ], "offsets": [ [ 3, 6 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31099", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "high flux dialysis" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31100", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "standard Na+ dialysate" ], "offsets": [ [ 337, 359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31101", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "linear" ], "offsets": [ [ 425, 431 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31102", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Na+ program" ], "offsets": [ [ 491, 502 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31103", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Na+ modeling" ], "offsets": [ [ 3, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31104", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Na+ modeling" ], "offsets": [ [ 3, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31105", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Na+ modeling" ], "offsets": [ [ 3, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31106", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Na+ modeling" ], "offsets": [ [ 3, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31107", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Na+ modeling" ], "offsets": [ [ 3, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31108", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "high flux dialysis" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31109", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weight gained interdialysis" ], "offsets": [ [ 692, 719 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31110", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean blood pressure predialysis and postdialysis" ], "offsets": [ [ 722, 770 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31111", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hemoconcentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 777, 794 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31112", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Serum Na+ levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 797, 813 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31113", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Hypotensive episodes and cramps" ], "offsets": [ [ 906, 937 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31114", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "amount of hypertonic and normal saline" ], "offsets": [ [ 977, 1015 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31116", "type": "document", "text": [ "Tacrolimus monotherapy without steroids after liver transplantation -- a prospective randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial . Early steroid withdrawal after liver transplantation ( LT ) is desirable in order to reduce steroid side effects . Between February 2000 and August 2004 , 110 patients after LT were included in this prospective , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial . Randomization was performed before LT . In all patients , tacrolimus was used without induction therapy . All patients received methylprednisolon for 14 days , thereafter a double-blinded medication containing either placebo ( n = 56 ) or methylprednisolon ( n = 54 ) for 6 months , which was completely stopped thereafter . End points were patient and graft survival , acute and chronic rejection , and incidence of steroid side effects during the first year after LT . One-year patient survival was 85.7 % ( placebo ) and 88.8 % ( steroid ) ( p = 0.572 ) . Twenty-seven ( 48.2 % ) and 19 ( 35.2 % ) patients experienced acute rejection ( placebo versus steroid , respectively ; p = 0.116 ) . Two patients in the placebo group but none in the steroid group experienced chronic rejection ( p = 0.257 ) . The rates of side effects were ( placebo versus steroid , respectively ) : CMV infection 25 % versus 33 % ( p = 0.336 ) , post-transplant diabetes 30 % versus 53 % ( p = 0.024 ) , hypertension 39 % versus 52 % ( p = 0.248 ) , hypercholesterolemia 10 % versus 41 % ( p = 0.002 ) and hypertriglyceridemia 32 % versus 54 % ( p = 0.046 ) . In conclusion , early steroid withdrawal after LT is feasible under tacrolimus monotherapy without increased rejection rates and with a lower rate of side effects ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1710 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31117", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Tacrolimus" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31118", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31119", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tacrolimus was used without induction therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 464, 509 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31120", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "methylprednisolon" ], "offsets": [ [ 534, 551 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31121", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 118 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31122", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "methylprednisolon" ], "offsets": [ [ 534, 551 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31123", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 118 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31124", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "steroid" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31125", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tacrolimus" ], "offsets": [ [ 464, 474 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31126", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "patient and graft survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 747, 773 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31127", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "acute and chronic rejection" ], "offsets": [ [ 776, 803 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31128", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "incidence of steroid side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 810, 843 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31129", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "patient survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 886, 902 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31130", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "acute rejection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1028, 1043 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31131", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "chronic rejection" ], "offsets": [ [ 786, 803 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31132", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "rates of side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1214, 1235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31133", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CMV infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1285, 1298 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31134", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "post-transplant diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1332, 1356 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31135", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 1390, 1402 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31136", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hypercholesterolemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1436, 1456 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31137", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hypertriglyceridemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1492, 1512 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31138", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "feasible" ], "offsets": [ [ 1599, 1607 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31139", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "lower" ], "offsets": [ [ 1682, 1687 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31140", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rate of side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1688, 1708 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31141", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "liver transplantation" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31142", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "liver transplantation ( LT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 197 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31143", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "110" ], "offsets": [ [ 293, 296 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31144", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "after LT" ], "offsets": [ [ 306, 314 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31145", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "LT" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 195 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31147", "type": "document", "text": [ "Propofol and midazolam act synergistically in combination . We have studied interactions between i.v . propofol and midazolam for induction of anaesthesia in 200 unpremedicated female patients undergoing elective gynaecological surgery . Using end-points of \" hypnosis \" ( loss of response to verbal command ) and \" anaesthesia \" ( loss of response to a 5-s transcutaneous tetanic stimulus ) , we determined dose-response curves for propofol and midazolam alone and in combination . For hypnosis , synergistic interaction was found ( P less than 0.01 ) , the combination having 1.44 times the potency of the individual agents . Although midazolam failed to produce anaesthesia in the dose range used , the dose of propofol required to produce anaesthesia was reduced by 52 % in the presence of midazolam ( P less than 0.01 ) . The reduction in arterial pressure at induction was the same for the combination as for the individual agents . The cause of the synergism was not clear , but may have been interaction at CNS GABAA receptors ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1036 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31148", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Propofol" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 8 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31149", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31150", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "propofol" ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31151", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31152", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "propofol" ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31153", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31154", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31155", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "propofol" ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31156", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31157", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "\" hypnosis \" ( loss of response to verbal command )" ], "offsets": [ [ 258, 309 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31158", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "\" anaesthesia \" ( loss of response to a 5-s transcutaneous tetanic stimulus" ], "offsets": [ [ 314, 389 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31159", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "hypnosis , synergistic interaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 487, 521 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31160", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "required to produce anaesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 723, 754 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31161", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "arterial pressure at induction" ], "offsets": [ [ 844, 874 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31162", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "induction of anaesthesia in 200 unpremedicated female patients undergoing elective gynaecological surgery ." ], "offsets": [ [ 130, 237 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31164", "type": "document", "text": [ "Randomized trial of an allogeneic melanoma lysate vaccine with low-dose interferon Alfa-2b compared with high-dose interferon Alfa-2b for Resected stage III cutaneous melanoma . PURPOSE To compare the overall survival ( OS ) of patients with resected stage III melanoma administered active specific immunotherapy and low-dose interferon alfa-2b ( IFN-alpha-2b ) with the OS achieved using high-dose IFN-alpha-2b . PATIENTS AND METHODS An Ad Hoc Melanoma Working Group of 25 investigators treated 604 patients from April 1997 to January 2003 . Patients were stratified by sex and number of nodes and were randomly assigned to receive either 2 years of treatment with active specific immunotherapy with allogeneic melanoma lysates and low-dose IFN-alpha-2b ( arm 1 ) or high-dose IFN-alpha-2b alone for 1 year ( arm 2 ) . Active specific immunotherapy was injected subcutaneously ( SC ) weekly for 4 weeks , at week 8 , and bimonthly thereafter . IFN-alpha-2b SC was begun on week 4 and continued thrice weekly at 5 MU/m2 for 2 years . IFN-alpha-2b in arm 2 was administered according to the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 1684 study regimen . RESULTS Median follow-up time was 32 months for all patients and 42 months for surviving patients . Median OS time exceeds 84 months in arm 1 and is 83 months in arm 2 ( P = .56 ) . Five-year OS rate is 61 % in arm 1 and 57 % in arm 2 . Estimated 5-year relapse-free survival ( RFS ) rate is 50 % in arm 1 and 48 % in arm 2 , with median RFS times of 58 and 50 months , respectively . The incidence of serious adverse events as a result of treatment was the same in both arms , but more severe neuropsychiatric toxicity was seen in arm 2 . CONCLUSION OS and RFS achieved by active specific immunotherapy and low-dose IFN-alpha-2b were indistinguishable from those achieved by high-dose IFN-alpha-2b . Long RFS and OS times were observed in both treatment arms ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1907 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31165", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "allogeneic melanoma lysate vaccine with low-dose interferon Alfa-2b" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 90 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31166", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "high-dose interferon Alfa-2b" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31167", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "specific immunotherapy and low-dose interferon alfa-2b ( IFN-alpha-2b )" ], "offsets": [ [ 290, 361 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31168", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "high-dose IFN-alpha-2b ." ], "offsets": [ [ 389, 413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31169", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "active specific immunotherapy with allogeneic melanoma lysates and low-dose IFN-alpha-2b ( arm 1 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 666, 764 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31170", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "high-dose IFN-alpha-2b alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 768, 796 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31171", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "IFN-alpha-2b SC" ], "offsets": [ [ 945, 960 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31172", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "IFN-alpha-2b" ], "offsets": [ [ 347, 359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31173", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "active specific immunotherapy and low-dose IFN-alpha-2b" ], "offsets": [ [ 1720, 1775 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31174", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "high-dose IFN-alpha-2b ." ], "offsets": [ [ 389, 413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31175", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "stage III melanoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 251, 269 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31176", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Median follow-up time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1154, 1175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31177", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Median OS time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1246, 1260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31178", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Five-year OS rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1328, 1345 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31179", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Estimated 5-year relapse-free survival ( RFS ) rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1383, 1434 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31180", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "incidence of serious adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1535, 1570 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31181", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "neuropsychiatric toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1640, 1665 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31182", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Resected stage III cutaneous melanoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 138, 175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31183", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with resected stage III melanoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 228, 269 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31184", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "604 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 496, 508 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31186", "type": "document", "text": [ "Bright light therapy in Parkinson 's disease : a pilot study . Several observations suggest a beneficial effect of melatonin antagonism for Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) . Although bright light therapy ( BLT ) suppresses melatonin release and is an established treatment for depression and sleep disturbances , it has not been evaluated in PD . We examined effects of BLT on motor symptoms , depression , and sleep in PD in a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study in 36 PD patients , using Parkinson 's Disease Rating Scale ( UPDRS ) I-IV , Beck 's Depression Inventory , and Epworth Sleepiness Scale . All patients received BLT for 15 days in the morning , 30 min daily . Illuminance was 7.500 lux in the active treatment group and 950 lux in the placebo group . Although group differences were small , BLT led to significant improvement of tremor , UPDRS I , II , and IV , and depression in the active treatment group but not in the placebo group . It was very well tolerated . Follow up studies in more advanced patient populations employing longer treatment durations are warranted ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1096 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31187", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Bright light therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31188", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "melatonin antagonism" ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31189", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "bright light therapy ( BLT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 207 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31190", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "BLT" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 205 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31191", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 435, 453 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31192", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "BLT" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 205 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31193", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 435, 442 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31194", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "BLT" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 205 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31195", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 435, 442 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31196", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "motor symptoms , depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 373, 400 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31197", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "sleep" ], "offsets": [ [ 288, 293 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31198", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Parkinson 's Disease Rating Scale ( UPDRS ) I-IV , Beck 's Depression Inventory" ], "offsets": [ [ 499, 578 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31199", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Epworth Sleepiness Scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 585, 609 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31200", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Illuminance" ], "offsets": [ [ 682, 693 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31201", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "improvement of tremor , UPDRS I , II , and IV , and depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 836, 898 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31202", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 977, 986 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31203", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Parkinson 's disease :" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31204", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Parkinson 's disease ( PD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 140, 167 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31205", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "36" ], "offsets": [ [ 476, 478 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31206", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "PD" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 165 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31207", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Parkinson 's Disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 499, 519 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31209", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of self-administered vaginal misoprostol versus placebo for cervical ripening prior to operative hysteroscopy using a sequential trial design . OBJECTIVE To compare the impact of 1000-microgram self-administered vaginal misoprostol versus self-administered vaginal placebo at home on preoperative cervical ripening in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women prior to outpatient resectoscopy . DESIGN Randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled sequential trial . SETTING Norwegian university teaching hospital . SAMPLE Premenopausal and postmenopausal women referred to outpatient resectoscopy . METHODS The women were randomised to either 1000 micrograms of self-administered vaginal misoprostol or self-administered vaginal placebo the evening before outpatient resectoscopy . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Preoperative cervical dilatation , acceptability and complications . RESULTS ( a ) Intraoperative findings and distribution of cervical dilatation in the two treatment groups . Values are given as median ( range ) or n ( % ) . ( b ) Acceptability in the two treatment groups . Values are given as completely acceptable , n ( % ) ; fairly acceptable , n ( % ) ; fairly unacceptable , n ( % ) and completely unacceptable , n ( % ) . ( c ) Pain in the two treatment groups . Pain was measured with a visual analogue scale score , scale ranges from 0 ( no pain ) to 10 ( unbearable pain ) . Values are given as median ( range ) . ( d ) Occurrence of adverse effects in the two treatment groups . Values are given as n ( % ) . ( e ) Complications , given as n ( % ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1581 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31210", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "self-administered vaginal misoprostol" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31211", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31212", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "self-administered vaginal misoprostol" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31213", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "self-administered vaginal placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 250, 283 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31214", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "self-administered vaginal misoprostol" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31215", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "self-administered vaginal placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 250, 283 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31216", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Preoperative cervical dilatation" ], "offsets": [ [ 819, 851 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31217", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "acceptability" ], "offsets": [ [ 854, 867 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31218", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 872, 885 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31219", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Acceptability" ], "offsets": [ [ 1052, 1065 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31220", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1256, 1260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31221", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1256, 1260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31222", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Occurrence of adverse effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1451, 1480 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31223", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 1547, 1560 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31224", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "premenopausal and postmenopausal" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 366 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31225", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 367, 372 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31226", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "outpatient resectoscopy" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 405 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31227", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Premenopausal and postmenopausal" ], "offsets": [ [ 537, 569 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31228", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 367, 372 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31229", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "outpatient resectoscopy" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 405 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31231", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of the impact of vaginal and oral administration of combined hormonal contraceptives on hepatic proteins sensitive to estrogen . OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effects of a new combined hormonal contraceptive vaginal ring ( CVR ) delivering the nonandrogenic progestin Nestorone ( NES ) and ethinyl estradiol ( EE ) on several key estrogen-sensitive hepatic proteins that may be markers for the risk of arterial or venous disease events and on blood pressure ( BP ) . Because the pharmacologic androgenicity of the progestin in these formulations influences the hepatic impact of EE , we selected an oral contraceptive ( OC ) delivering the androgenic progestin levonorgestrel ( LNG ) and EE as the comparator . We also investigated the effect of delivery route , which is known to modify the hepatic effects of estradiol , but has not been widely studied with EE . STUDY METHODS Women , aged 18-34 years , with no contraindications to the use of combined OCs , were randomized to three cycles of treatment with a CVR delivering NES/EE ( 150/15 microg/day ) or a combined OC providing LNG and EE ( 150/30 microg per tablet ) . Each cycle consisted of 21 days of active treatment , followed by 7 days without treatment . During the last weeks of the pretreatment and third treatment cycles , blood samples were obtained for determinations of plasma concentrations of angiotensinogen , an estrogen-sensitive hepatic protein , and serum concentrations of sex hormone-binding globulin ( SHBG ) , total cholesterol ( TC ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , triglycerides ( TG ) and estrogen- and androgen-sensitive proteins . BP was also measured . RESULTS Of 47 women randomized , 45 completed the study ( CVR : 23 ; OC : 22 ) . Within-group comparisons over time by repeated-measure analysis of variance demonstrated statistically significant changes over time with both treatments for all hepatic proteins ( p < .02 ) but not for TC . The within-group effects , presented as relative percent difference [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) ] , were greatest for angiotensinogen [ CVR : 227 % ( 195-262 % ) ; OC : 251.3 % ( 218-288 % ) ] and SHBG [ CVR : 306 % ( 237-389 % ) ; OC : 55 % ( 30-86 ) ] . Both treatments were associated with small changes in systolic BP and diastolic BP ( DBP ) , but only the within-group change in DBP for the OC group was statistically significant ( p = .04 ) . Between-treatment comparisons of third treatment cycle mean values were performed by analysis of covariance ( baseline values as covariate ) . No statistically significant between-treatment differences were found for angiotensinogen , sensitive only to estrogen , or BP . Statistically significant treatment differences were found for all estrogen- and androgen-sensitive proteins ( p < or = .002 ) but not for TC . When presented as relative percent difference between the effects of treatment ( CVR-OC/OC ; 95 % CI of percent difference ) , the difference was largest for SHBG ( 159 % [ 117-210 % ] ) ; smaller relative percent differences were found for HDL-C [ 31.9 % ( 18.5-46.8 % ) ] , LDL-C [ 23.6 % ( 33.4 % to -2.4 % ) ] and TG [ 39.0 % ( 14.0-69.4 % ) ] , but not TC . CONCLUSION Vaginal delivery of a combined hormonal contraceptive did not reduce the EE-associated changes in estrogen-sensitive hepatic proteins observed after use of a combined OC . Significant treatment differences between the NES/EE CVR and the LNG/EE OC were found for SHBG , HDL-C , LDL-C , and TG , proteins sensitive to androgen as well as estrogen . No treatment difference was observed for angiotensinogen , which is sensitive only to estrogen . The observed treatment differences were therefore most likely due to the difference in androgenicity between NES and LNG ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3816 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31232", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hormonal contraceptives" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31233", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hormonal contraceptive vaginal ring ( CVR )" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 236 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31234", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nonandrogenic progestin Nestorone ( NES )" ], "offsets": [ [ 252, 293 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31235", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ethinyl estradiol" ], "offsets": [ [ 298, 315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31236", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CVR" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 234 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31237", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "NES/EE" ], "offsets": [ [ 1036, 1042 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31238", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "LNG" ], "offsets": [ [ 686, 689 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31239", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "EE" ], "offsets": [ [ 318, 320 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31240", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "NES/EE CVR" ], "offsets": [ [ 3468, 3478 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31241", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "LNG/EE OC" ], "offsets": [ [ 3487, 3496 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31242", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma concentrations of angiotensinogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 1348, 1388 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31243", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum concentrations of sex hormone-binding globulin ( SHBG )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1435, 1496 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31244", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "total cholesterol ( TC ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1499, 1572 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31245", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , triglycerides ( TG )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1575, 1643 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31246", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "estrogen- and androgen-sensitive proteins" ], "offsets": [ [ 1648, 1689 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31247", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "BP" ], "offsets": [ [ 468, 470 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31248", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "angiotensinogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 1373, 1388 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31249", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "systolic BP and diastolic BP" ], "offsets": [ [ 2320, 2348 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31250", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "DBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 2351, 2354 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31251", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "angiotensinogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 1373, 1388 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31252", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sensitive only to estrogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 2695, 2721 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31253", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "BP" ], "offsets": [ [ 468, 470 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31254", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "estrogen- and androgen-sensitive proteins" ], "offsets": [ [ 1648, 1689 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31255", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "TC ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1999, 2003 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31256", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SHBG" ], "offsets": [ [ 1490, 1494 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31257", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HDL-C" ], "offsets": [ [ 1565, 1570 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31258", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "LDL-C" ], "offsets": [ [ 1613, 1618 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31259", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "TG" ], "offsets": [ [ 1639, 1641 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31260", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "EE-associated changes in estrogen-sensitive hepatic proteins" ], "offsets": [ [ 3323, 3383 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31261", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "oral contraceptive ( OC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 607, 632 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31262", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "Women" ], "offsets": [ [ 887, 892 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31263", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "aged 18-34 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 895, 911 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31264", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "with no contraindications to the use of combined OCs , were randomized to three cycles of treatment with a CVR delivering NES/EE ( 150/15 microg/day ) or a combined OC providing LNG and EE ( 150/30 microg per tablet )" ], "offsets": [ [ 914, 1131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31265", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "47" ], "offsets": [ [ 1726, 1728 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31266", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1729, 1734 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31267", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "45" ], "offsets": [ [ 1748, 1750 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31269", "type": "document", "text": [ "Ropivacaine versus lidocaine in digital nerve blocks : a prospective study . BACKGROUND Ropivacaine is a relatively new long-acting amide local anesthetic . Since its introduction in 1996 , it has been used for subcutaneous infiltration ; epidural , intrathecal , and peripheral nerve block surgery ; and postoperative analgesia . However , it has never been used for digital blocks . This prospective , randomized , double-blind study compares the digital block results following the administration of 2.5 ml of 0.75 % ropivacaine solution and 2.5 ml of 2 % lidocaine solution . METHODS From March of 1999 to March of 2001 , 70 adult patients who underwent immediate reconstruction for traumatic injuries of the digits were prospectively randomized into two groups . Group A ( n = 35 ) received 2.5 ml 0.75 % ropivacaine and group B ( n = 35 ) received 2.5 ml of 2 % lidocaine for digital anesthesia . Onset time of anesthetic action , duration of anesthesia , time until first postoperative requirement for pain medication , and digital-brachial artery systolic blood pressure index were recorded and evaluated . Local vascular effects were observed visually . RESULTS No side effects were observed . Lidocaine had the quickest onset of anesthesia , with a mean time of 1.3 minutes ( range , 1 to 2.7 minutes ) . Ropivacaine had a mean onset time of 4.5 minutes ( range , 3.5 to 5.5 minutes ) . The mean duration of postoperative anesthesia for lidocaine was 2.4 hours ( range , 1.4 to 4 hours ) , compared with 21.5 hours for ropivacaine and less requirement for analgesics during the first 24 postoperative hours ( p < 0.05 ) ( range , 19 to 23 hours ) . No significant difference was found between the digital-brachial artery systolic blood pressure index of group A compared with group B . CONCLUSIONS Ropivacaine can be used effectively as a local anesthetic for digital nerve blocks . It can be used for prolonged operations ( > 1.5 hours ) without additional injections and can provide long-lasting postoperative analgesia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2033 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31270", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Ropivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31271", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31272", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Ropivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31273", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "2.5 ml of 0.75 % ropivacaine solution" ], "offsets": [ [ 503, 540 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31274", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "2.5 ml of 2 % lidocaine solution" ], "offsets": [ [ 545, 577 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31275", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "reconstruction for traumatic injuries of the digits" ], "offsets": [ [ 668, 719 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31276", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ropivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 520, 531 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31277", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31278", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1203, 1212 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31279", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Ropivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31280", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31281", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ropivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 520, 531 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31282", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Ropivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31283", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Onset time of anesthetic action , duration of anesthesia , time until first postoperative requirement for" ], "offsets": [ [ 903, 1008 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31284", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1009, 1013 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31285", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "medication , and digital-brachial artery systolic blood pressure index" ], "offsets": [ [ 1014, 1084 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31286", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Local vascular effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1115, 1137 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31287", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1174, 1186 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31288", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "onset of anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1230, 1249 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31289", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean onset time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1333, 1348 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31290", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "mean duration of postoperative anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1401, 1442 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31291", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "digital-brachial artery systolic blood pressure index" ], "offsets": [ [ 1031, 1084 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31292", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effectively" ], "offsets": [ [ 1832, 1843 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31293", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "digital nerve blocks :" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31294", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "From March of 1999 to March of 2001 , 70 adult patients who underwent immediate reconstruction for traumatic injuries of the digits" ], "offsets": [ [ 588, 719 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31295", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "digital nerve blocks ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1870, 1892 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31297", "type": "document", "text": [ "Pilot comparison between potassium titanyl phosphate laser and bipolar radiofrequency in paediatric tonsillectomy . OBJECTIVES To compare the advantages and disadvantages of potassium titanyl phosphate laser with those of bipolar radiofrequency techniques , in paediatric tonsillectomy . STUDY DESIGN Prospective , randomised , clinical study . PATIENTS AND METHODS From July 2004 to April 2006 , 80 patients aged between 10 and 15 years , with tonsillectomy planned for chronic tonsillitis , were included in the study . Children were prospectively randomised into two equal groups : potassium titanyl phosphate laser tonsillectomy and bipolar radiofrequency tonsillectomy . Operative time and intra-operative blood loss were recorded . Patients were scheduled for follow up during the first , second and fourth post-operative weeks . They were asked to record their pain and discomfort on a standardised visual analogue scale , from zero ( no pain ) to 10 ( severe pain ) . Post-operative complications were also recorded and managed . RESULTS The potassium titanyl phosphate laser group showed a slightly longer operative time ( mean 12 minutes ) than the bipolar radiofrequency group ( mean 10 minutes ) . Intra-operative blood loss was significantly less in the potassium titanyl phosphate laser group ( mean 21 cm3 ) than in the bipolar radiofrequency group ( mean 30 cm3 ) . In the first week , post-operative pain scores were less in the potassium titanyl phosphate laser group than in the bipolar radiofrequency group ( means 7.5 and 8.5 , respectively ) . However , in the second week pain scores increased more in the potassium titanyl phosphate laser group than in the bipolar radiofrequency group ( means 8.5 and 6 , respectively ) . In the fourth week , both groups showed equal and nearly normal pain scores . No case of reactionary post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage was recorded in either group . Only one case of secondary post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage was recorded , in the potassium titanyl phosphate laser group ( 2.5 per cent ) , managed conservatively . CONCLUSION Both the potassium titanyl phosphate and the bipolar radiofrequency techniques were safe and easy to use for tonsillectomy , with reduced operative time , blood loss and complication rates and better post-operative general patient condition . Potassium titanyl phosphate laser resulted in reduced operative bleeding and immediate post-operative pain , compared with the bipolar radiofrequency technique . However , potassium titanyl phosphate laser required slightly more operative time and caused more late post-operative pain than the bipolar radiofrequency technique . The low rate of recorded complications showed that both techniques cause little damage to the tonsillar bed during dissection , thus minimising complications ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2816 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31298", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "potassium titanyl phosphate laser" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31299", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "bipolar radiofrequency" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31300", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "potassium titanyl phosphate laser" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31301", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "bipolar radiofrequency techniques" ], "offsets": [ [ 222, 255 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31302", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "tonsillectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31303", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "potassium titanyl phosphate laser" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31304", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "tonsillectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31305", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "bipolar radiofrequency" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31306", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "tonsillectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31307", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "potassium titanyl phosphate laser" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31308", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "potassium titanyl phosphate laser" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31309", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "bipolar radiofrequency" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31310", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "potassium titanyl phosphate laser" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31311", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "potassium titanyl phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31312", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "bipolar radiofrequency" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31313", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Potassium titanyl phosphate laser" ], "offsets": [ [ 2328, 2361 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31314", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "potassium titanyl phosphate laser" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31315", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "longer operative time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1108, 1129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31316", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Intra-operative blood loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 1210, 1236 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31317", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "post-operative pain scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1402, 1428 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31318", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1417, 1428 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31319", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1417, 1428 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31320", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "reactionary post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 1836, 1878 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31321", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "secondary post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 1927, 1967 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31322", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safe" ], "offsets": [ [ 2169, 2173 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31323", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "easy to use" ], "offsets": [ [ 2178, 2189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31324", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "operative time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1115, 1129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31325", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 711, 721 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31326", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "complication rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 2255, 2273 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31327", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "operative bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 2382, 2400 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31328", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "immediate post-operative pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 2405, 2434 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31329", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "operative time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1115, 1129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31330", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "late post-operative pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 2588, 2612 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31331", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "paediatric tonsillectomy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 115 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31333", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of facial sensory re-training on sensory thresholds . Nearly 100 % of patients experience trauma to the trigeminal nerve during orthognathic surgery , impairing sensation and sensory function on the face . In a recent randomized clinical trial , people who performed sensory re-training exercises reported less difficulty related to residual numbness and decreased lip sensitivity than those who performed standard opening exercises only . We hypothesized that re-training reduces the impaired performance on neurosensory tests of tactile function that is commonly observed post-surgically . We analyzed thresholds for contact detection , two-point discrimination , and two-point perception , obtained during the clinical trial before and at 1 , 3 , and 6 months after surgery , to assess tactile detection and discriminative sensitivities , and subjective interpretation of tactile stimulation , respectively . Post-surgery , the retrained persons exhibited less impairment , on average , than non-retrained persons only in two-point perception ( P < 0.025 ) , suggesting that retrained persons experienced or interpreted the tactile stimuli differently than did non-retrained persons ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1194 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31334", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "facial sensory re-training" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31335", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "orthognathic surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 135, 155 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31336", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "sensory re-training exercises" ], "offsets": [ [ 274, 303 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31337", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "standard opening exercises" ], "offsets": [ [ 413, 439 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31338", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "re-training" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31339", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 971, 981 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31340", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tactile stimuli" ], "offsets": [ [ 1134, 1149 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31341", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients experience trauma to the trigeminal nerve during orthognathic surgery , impairing sensation and sensory function on the face ." ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 212 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31343", "type": "document", "text": [ "Using the demand-control model of job strain to predict caregiver burden and caregiver satisfaction in the informal caregivers of heart failure patients . OBJECTIVES The demand-control ( D-C ) model of job strain has generated a considerable body of empirical support in predicting psychological health outcomes in the context of work . This study aimed to extend previous work using the D-C model of job strain to predict caregiver burden and satisfaction in the informal caregivers of patients with heart failure . DESIGN AND METHOD Data were gathered from 60 caregiver/patient dyads in a cross-sectional design . Patients with chronic stable heart failure were recruited from out-patient clinics . The dependent variables were caregiver burden and satisfaction . Demand and control were measured using both patient- and caregiver-derived measures . RESULTS The D-C model accounted for 15 and 19 % of the variance in caregiver burden , after controlling for age , gender and relationship to the patient . Lower control was associated with higher burden . The D-C model did not predict caregiver satisfaction . CONCLUSION The D-C model was associated with caregiver burden , but not satisfaction in caregivers , with control being the dominant predictor . Research linking the theory and findings from job strain and informal caregiving studies may elucidate both fields of research . Using the demand-control model of job strain to predict caregiver burden and caregiver satisfaction in the informal caregivers of heart failure patients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1540 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31344", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "The demand-control ( D-C ) model of job strain" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 212 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31345", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "D-C model of job strain" ], "offsets": [ [ 388, 411 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31346", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "D-C model" ], "offsets": [ [ 388, 397 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31347", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "D-C model" ], "offsets": [ [ 388, 397 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31348", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "D-C model" ], "offsets": [ [ 388, 397 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31349", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "demand-control model of job strain" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31350", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "caregiver burden" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31351", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "caregiver satisfaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31352", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "caregiver burden" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31353", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "satisfaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31354", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Demand and control" ], "offsets": [ [ 766, 784 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31355", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "patient- and caregiver-derived measures ." ], "offsets": [ [ 810, 851 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31356", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "caregiver burden" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31357", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "caregiver satisfaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31358", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "caregiver burden" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31359", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "heart failure patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 130, 152 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31360", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "60 caregiver/patient dyads" ], "offsets": [ [ 559, 585 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31361", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Patients with chronic stable heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 616, 658 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31363", "type": "document", "text": [ "A comparison of acceptance- and control-based strategies for coping with food cravings : an analog study . The present study utilized an analog paradigm to investigate the effectiveness of two strategies for coping with food cravings , which was theorized to be critical to the maintenance of weight loss . Ninety-eight undergraduate students were given transparent boxes of chocolate Hershey 's Kisses and instructed to keep the chocolates with them , but not to eat them , for 48 h. Before receiving the Kisses , participants were randomized to receive either ( a ) no intervention , ( b ) instruction in control-based coping strategies such as distraction and cognitive restructuring , or ( c ) instruction in acceptance-based strategies such as experiential acceptance and defusion techniques . Measures included the Power of Food Scale ( PFS ; a measure of psychological sensitivity to the food environment ) , self-report ratings of chocolate cravings and surreptitiously recorded chocolate consumption . Results suggested that the effect of the intervention depended on baseline PFS levels , such that acceptance-based strategies were associated with better outcomes ( cravings , consumption ) among those reporting the highest susceptibility to the presence of food , but greater cravings among those who scored lowest on the PFS . It was observed that craving self-report measures predicted chocolate consumption , and baseline PFS levels predicted both cravings and consumption . Results are discussed in terms of the implications for weight loss maintenance strategies ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1581 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31364", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "given transparent boxes of chocolate Hershey 's Kisses and instructed to keep the chocolates with them" ], "offsets": [ [ 348, 450 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31365", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "no intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 568, 583 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31366", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "instruction in control-based coping strategies such as distraction and cognitive restructuring" ], "offsets": [ [ 592, 686 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31367", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "instruction in acceptance-based strategies such as experiential acceptance and defusion techniques" ], "offsets": [ [ 698, 796 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31368", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "analog paradigm" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 152 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31369", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effectiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 185 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31370", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Power of Food Scale ( PFS ; a measure of psychological sensitivity to the food environment )" ], "offsets": [ [ 821, 913 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31371", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "self-report ratings of chocolate cravings and surreptitiously recorded chocolate consumption" ], "offsets": [ [ 916, 1008 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31372", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 178 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31373", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "baseline PFS levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1077, 1096 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31374", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "cravings , consumption" ], "offsets": [ [ 1176, 1198 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31375", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "craving self-report measures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1361, 1389 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31376", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "chocolate consumption" ], "offsets": [ [ 987, 1008 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31377", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "PFS levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1086, 1096 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31378", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Ninety-eight" ], "offsets": [ [ 307, 319 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31379", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Kisses" ], "offsets": [ [ 396, 402 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31381", "type": "document", "text": [ "Lowering of glucose in critical care : a randomized pilot trial . BACKGROUND Similar to cardiac surgery patients , medical-surgical critically ill patients may benefit from intensive insulin therapy . The objectives of this pilot trial were to evaluate the feasibility of a randomized trial of intensive insulin therapy with respect to ( a ) achieving target glucose values in the 2 ranges of 5 to 7 and 8 to 10 mmol/L and ( b ) uncovering problems with the protocol in anticipation of a larger trial . SETTING The trial was conducted in a 15-bed medical-surgical university-affiliated intensive care unit ( ICU ) . METHODS We included patients older than 18 years , expected to be in ICU for more than 72 hours , with a glucose value of more than 10 mmol/L within 48 hours of ICU admission . Exclusion criteria were diabetic ketoacidosis , severe hepatic failure or hepatic resection , pancreatitis , glucose of less than 2.2 mmol/L on admission to hospital , insulin infusion on admission to ICU , planned withdrawal of life support , and inability to obtain informed consent . Patients underwent concealed random allocation to a target glucose range of 5 to 7 or 8 to 10 mmol/L using pretested algorithms of insulin infusions . Dedicated glucometer measurement of arterial glucose values was calibrated daily to values measured in the laboratory . RESULTS We enrolled 20 patients with a mean ( SD ) Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation ( APACHE ) II score of 32 ( 10.2 ) ; 14 were insulin-dependent pre-ICU , and all were medical admissions . Mean glucose values were different in the 2 groups ( 7.1 +/- 2.6 vs 9.4 +/- 2.1 mmol/L , P < .001 ) . Although the intensive insulin therapy group had more glucose measurements performed than the control group , a similar proportion of values were within the target range ( 682 [ 42.4 % ] of 1607 values in the 5- to 7-mmol/L range ; 250 [ 38.7 % ] of 660 values in the 8- to 10-mmol/L range , P = .35 ) . Glucose values of less than 2.5 mmol/L developed 7 times in 5 patients , 4 of whom were in the intensive insulin therapy group ; however , no adverse consequences were documented . As expected , there were no differences in clinically important outcomes . CONCLUSIONS In this pilot trial of ICU patients with high illness severity , glucose values were in the 2 target ranges only 40 % of the time , using well-accepted initiation and maintenance insulin infusion algorithms . A large randomized trial of glycemic control is feasible in this population to examine clinically important outcomes , but will require refined insulin algorithms and more comprehensive behavior change strategies to achieve target values ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2678 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31382", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "intensive insulin therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 173, 198 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31383", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "intensive insulin therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 173, 198 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31384", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "concealed random allocation to a target glucose range of 5 to 7 or 8 to 10 mmol/L using pretested algorithms of" ], "offsets": [ [ 1099, 1210 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31385", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "insulin infusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1211, 1228 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31386", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "intensive insulin therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 173, 198 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31387", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 183, 190 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31388", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 183, 190 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31389", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation ( APACHE ) II score" ], "offsets": [ [ 1402, 1468 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31390", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Mean glucose values" ], "offsets": [ [ 1556, 1575 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31391", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "glucose measurements" ], "offsets": [ [ 1712, 1732 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31392", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Glucose values" ], "offsets": [ [ 1962, 1976 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31393", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "glucose values" ], "offsets": [ [ 359, 373 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31394", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "medical-surgical critically ill patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 155 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31395", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "older than 18 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 645, 664 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31396", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "expected to be in ICU for more than 72 hours" ], "offsets": [ [ 667, 711 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31397", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hepatic failure or hepatic resection , pancreatitis , glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 848, 909 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31398", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "20" ], "offsets": [ [ 1371, 1373 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31399", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "high illness severity" ], "offsets": [ [ 2271, 2292 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31401", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of split-course radiation therapy and continuous radiation therapy for unresectable bronchogenic carcinoma : 5 year results . One hundred and eighty-eight patients with inoperable or unresectable bronchogenic carcinoma were stratified by cell type , TNM staging , and prior surgery and then randomized into two treatment groups : continuous radiation therapy and split-course radiation therapy . There was no difference in clinical or objective improvement in the two groups . Survival rates for cases of squamous cell carcinoma , small cell carcinoma , and adrenocarcinoma were the same after both regimens of therapy . Split-course therapy resulted in a significantly better survival rate in cases of large cell carcinoma but the number of cases was small . We doubt that the difference is clinically significant . Objective roentgenographic response was accompanied by improved survival in squamous cell carcinoma , but not in the other three cell types . Split-course radiation therapy is superior to continuous radiation therapy because it is better tolerated by the patient and because re-examination of the patient prior to the second half of split-course therapy permits the detection of new metastatic disease that has become manifest during the rest period and spares the patient the futile second half of radiation therapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1346 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31402", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "split-course radiation therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31403", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "continuous radiation therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31404", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "continuous radiation therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31405", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "split-course radiation therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31406", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Survival rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 488, 502 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31407", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Split-course therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 632, 652 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31408", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Objective roentgenographic response" ], "offsets": [ [ 828, 863 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31409", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "improved survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 883, 900 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31410", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "better tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1059, 1075 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31411", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "unresectable bronchogenic carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31412", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "One hundred and eighty-eight patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31413", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "inoperable" ], "offsets": [ [ 180, 190 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31414", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "unresectable bronchogenic carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 117 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31416", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of low-intensity back exercise on quality of life and back extensor strength in patients with osteoporosis : a randomized controlled trial . UNLABELLED Randomized controlled study in 80 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis was conducted to investigate the effect of a home-based , simple , low-intensity exercise . Low-intensity back-strengthening exercise was effective in improving the quality of life and back extensor strength . INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS Back-strengthening exercise is effective in increasing back extensor strength and decreasing risk of vertebral fractures . We hypothesized that a home-based , simple , low-intensity exercise could enhance back extensor strength and improve the quality of life and/or spinal range of motion in postmenopausal women in a short-term follow-up . METHODS Eighty postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were randomly assigned to a control group ( n = 38 ) or an exercise group ( n = 42 ) . Subjects were instructed to lift their upper trunk from a prone position antigravity and maintain the neutral position . Isometric back extensor strength , spinal range of motion , and scores for quality of life were evaluated at baseline and 4 months . RESULTS Back extensor strength significantly increased both in the exercise group ( 26 % ) and in the control group ( 11 % ) . Scores for quality of life increased in the exercise group ( 7 % ) , whereas it remained unchanged in the control group ( 0 % ) . There was a significant difference in quality of life score between the groups ( p = 0.012 ) . CONCLUSIONS Low-intensity back-strengthening exercise was effective in improving the quality of life and back extensor strength in patients with osteoporosis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1718 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31417", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "low-intensity back exercise" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31418", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "home-based , simple , low-intensity exercise" ], "offsets": [ [ 277, 321 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31419", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Low-intensity back-strengthening exercise" ], "offsets": [ [ 324, 365 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31420", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31421", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "exercise group" ], "offsets": [ [ 925, 939 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31422", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "quality of life and back extensor strength" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31423", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "quality of life and back extensor strength ." ], "offsets": [ [ 397, 441 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31424", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "increasing back extensor strength" ], "offsets": [ [ 514, 547 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31425", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "decreasing risk of vertebral fractures ." ], "offsets": [ [ 552, 592 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31426", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "enhance back extensor strength and improve the quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 667, 729 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31427", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "spinal range of motion" ], "offsets": [ [ 737, 759 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31428", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Isometric back extensor strength , spinal range of motion , and scores for quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 1074, 1164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31429", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Back extensor strength significantly increased" ], "offsets": [ [ 1215, 1261 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31430", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Scores for quality of life increased" ], "offsets": [ [ 1334, 1370 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31431", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "quality of life score" ], "offsets": [ [ 1502, 1523 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31432", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "effective in improving the quality of life and back extensor strength" ], "offsets": [ [ 370, 439 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31433", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "osteoporosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31434", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "80" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 192 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31435", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "postmenopausal" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 207 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31436", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "osteoporosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31437", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "postmenopausal" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 207 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31438", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Eighty" ], "offsets": [ [ 820, 826 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31439", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "postmenopausal" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 207 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31440", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "osteoporosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31441", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "38" ], "offsets": [ [ 914, 916 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31442", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "42" ], "offsets": [ [ 946, 948 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31444", "type": "document", "text": [ "The relationship between histology and outcome in advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer patients participating in first-line chemotherapy trials : a Gynecologic Oncology Group study . OBJECTIVES To explore associations between histology and outcome in advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer patients participating in Gynecologic Oncology Group chemotherapy trials . METHODS Age , race , performance status , histologic type ( serous=S ; clear cell=CC ; endometrioid=E ) , disease stage , and prior radiation were evaluated using various analytic methods to evaluate the probability of response and identify independent predictors of progression-free survival ( PFS ) and overall survival ( OS ) . RESULTS Single agent or combination chemotherapy regimens including doxorubicin ( A ) ( 12 % ) , doxorubicin/cisplatin ( AP ) ( 63 % ) , doxorubicin/paclitaxel ( AT ) ( 13 % ) , and paclitaxel/doxorubicin/cisplatin ( TAP ) ( 11 % ) were used among 1203 patients treated on 4 randomized clinical trials . Breakdown of disease stage was 7.8 % stage III , 22.8 % stage IV , and 69.4 % recurrent disease . Histologic distribution was 18 % S , 3.7 % CC , 8.5 % mixed , 51.7 % E and 18.1 % other . More S/CC patients enrolled on trials with advanced stage ( III-IV ) disease ( as opposed to recurrent disease ) compared to E patients ( 45 % vs. 24 % , p < 0.05 ) . Overall response rate was 42 % ( E=44 % , S=44 % , CC=32 % ) . Histologic type was not an independent predictor of response . Independent predictors of PFS included race , performance status , disease stage , and CC histology . Histology was also an independent predictor of OS ; the relative hazard ratio for S histology was 1.2 ( 1.02-1.4 ; p=0.03 ) , and for CC was 1.51 ( 1.1-2.07 ; p=0.01 ) . CONCLUSION In patients with advanced/recurrent endometrial cancer treated with A , P and/or T , response was not associated with histology . This exploratory analysis does not support exclusion of S tumors in future trials . Poorer PFS and OS were observed in CC compared to other types , but a lack of benefit from chemotherapy was not shown , and as this histology represents such a small fraction , it does not seem feasible to have separate chemotherapy trials for CC ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2233 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31445", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 141 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31446", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "various analytic methods to evaluate the probability of response and identify independent predictors of progression-free survival ( PFS ) and overall survival ( OS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 535, 700 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31447", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Single agent" ], "offsets": [ [ 711, 723 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31448", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "combination chemotherapy regimens" ], "offsets": [ [ 727, 760 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31449", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "doxorubicin ( A )" ], "offsets": [ [ 771, 788 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31450", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "doxorubicin/cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 800, 821 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31451", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "doxorubicin/paclitaxel" ], "offsets": [ [ 840, 862 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31452", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "paclitaxel/doxorubicin/cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 885, 917 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31453", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "histology" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31454", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "outcome" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31455", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "performance status" ], "offsets": [ [ 393, 411 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31456", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "histologic type" ], "offsets": [ [ 414, 429 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31457", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "disease stage" ], "offsets": [ [ 478, 491 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31458", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "prior radiation" ], "offsets": [ [ 498, 513 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31459", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "progression-free survival ( PFS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 639, 672 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31460", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "overall survival ( OS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 677, 700 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31461", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "disease stage" ], "offsets": [ [ 478, 491 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31462", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Histologic distribution" ], "offsets": [ [ 1105, 1128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31463", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "response rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1370, 1383 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31464", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Histologic type" ], "offsets": [ [ 1425, 1440 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31465", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "performance status" ], "offsets": [ [ 393, 411 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31466", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "disease stage" ], "offsets": [ [ 478, 491 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31467", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CC histology" ], "offsets": [ [ 1575, 1587 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31468", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Histology" ], "offsets": [ [ 1590, 1599 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31469", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "relative hazard ratio" ], "offsets": [ [ 1646, 1667 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31470", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "histology" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31471", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "PFS" ], "offsets": [ [ 667, 670 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31472", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "OS" ], "offsets": [ [ 696, 698 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31473", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer patients participating in first-line chemotherapy trials" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 148 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31474", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer patients participating in Gynecologic Oncology Group chemotherapy trials" ], "offsets": [ [ 256, 369 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31475", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "1203" ], "offsets": [ [ 951, 955 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31476", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "4" ], "offsets": [ [ 976, 977 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31477", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with advanced/recurrent endometrial cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1774, 1825 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31479", "type": "document", "text": [ "A randomized , double-blind , phase II study of two doses of pemetrexed as first-line chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer . PURPOSE Pemetrexed has shown varied response rates in advanced breast cancer . This randomized , double-blind , phase II study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of two doses of pemetrexed in a homogeneous population . A secondary objective was to identify molecular biomarkers correlating with response and toxicity . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients with newly diagnosed metastatic breast cancer or locally recurrent breast cancer received 600 mg/m ( 2 ) ( P600 arm ) or 900 mg/m ( 2 ) ( P900 arm ) of pemetrexed on day 1 of a 21-day cycle . All patients received folic acid and vitamin B ( 12 ) supplementation . RESULTS The P600 ( 47 patients ) and P900 ( 45 patients ) arms had response rates of 17.0 % ( 95 % confidence interval , 7.7-30.8 % ) and 15.6 % ( 95 % confidence interval , 6.5-29.5 % ) with approximately 50 % stable disease per arm , median progression-free survival of 4.2 and 4.1 months , and median times to tumor progression of 4.2 and 4.6 months , respectively . Both arms exhibited minimal toxicity ( grade 3/4 neutropenia < 20 % , leukopenia < 9 % , and other toxicities < 5 % ) . Tumor samples from 49 patients were assessed for the expression levels of 12 pemetrexed-related genes . Folylpolyglutamate synthetase and thymidine phosphorylase correlated with efficacy . Best response rates and median time to tumor progression for high versus low thymidine phosphorylase expression were 27.6 % versus 6.3 % ( P = 0.023 ) and 5.4 versus 1.9 months ( P = 0.076 ) , and for folylpolyglutamate synthetase were 37.5 % versus 10.0 % ( P = 0.115 ) and 8.6 versus 3.0 months ( P = 0.019 ) , respectively . gamma-Glutamyl hydrolase expression correlated with grade 3/4 toxicities : 78.6 % for high versus 27.3 % for low gamma-glutamyl hydrolase ( P = 0.024 ) . CONCLUSION The two pemetrexed doses yielded similar efficacy and safety profiles . Exploratory biomarker analysis identified efficacy and toxicity correlations and warrants further evaluation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2107 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31480", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pemetrexed" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31481", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Pemetrexed" ], "offsets": [ [ 136, 146 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31482", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pemetrexed" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31483", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "P600" ], "offsets": [ [ 596, 600 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31484", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "P900" ], "offsets": [ [ 627, 631 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31485", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pemetrexed" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31486", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "folic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 703, 713 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31487", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin B ( 12 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 718, 734 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31488", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pemetrexed-related" ], "offsets": [ [ 1320, 1338 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31489", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pemetrexed" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31490", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31491", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 296, 302 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31492", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "response" ], "offsets": [ [ 164, 172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31493", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 449, 457 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31494", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "response rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 164, 178 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31495", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "median progression-free survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 989, 1021 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31496", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "median" ], "offsets": [ [ 989, 995 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31497", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "times to tumor progression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1057, 1083 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31498", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "minimal toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1143, 1159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31499", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "neutropenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1172, 1183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31500", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "leukopenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1193, 1203 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31501", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "other toxicities" ], "offsets": [ [ 1216, 1232 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31502", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31503", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Best response rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1432, 1451 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31504", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "median" ], "offsets": [ [ 989, 995 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31505", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "time to tumor progression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1463, 1488 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31506", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "grade 3/4 toxicities" ], "offsets": [ [ 1812, 1832 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31507", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31508", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 296, 302 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31509", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31510", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 449, 457 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31511", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "advanced breast cancer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31512", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "advanced breast cancer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31513", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "diagnosed metastatic breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 500, 534 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31514", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 125 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31515", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "47 patients )" ], "offsets": [ [ 772, 785 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31516", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "P900 ( 45 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 790, 808 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31518", "type": "document", "text": [ "Use of a DNAemia cut-off for monitoring human cytomegalovirus infection reduces the number of preemptively treated children and young adults receiving hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation compared with qualitative pp65 antigenemia . We performed a randomized trial comparing the use of quantitative DNAemia versus positive antigenemia for starting preemptive antihuman cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) therapy in hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation ( HSCT ) recipients . In the DNAemia arm , antiviral therapy was initiated on reaching a DNAemia cut-off of 10 000 DNA copies/mL of whole blood , whereas in the antigenemia arm , therapy was started in the presence of a positive antigenemia . The aim of the study was to compare the number of patients treated in the 2 arms . On the whole , 178 patients ( 89 in each arm ) , receiving unmanipulated HSCT from either a relative or an unrelated donor , completed the study . Although the incidence of HCMV infection was comparable in DNAemia and antigenemia arms ( 34 % vs 42 % , respectively , P = .259 ) , the number of patients treated was significantly lower in the DNAemia arm ( 18 % vs 31 % , P = .026 ) . No patient developed HCMV disease . The use of a DNAemia cut-off avoids unnecessary antiviral treatment ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1263 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31519", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "DNAemia cut-off" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31520", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "qualitative pp65 antigenemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 205, 233 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31521", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "quantitative DNAemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 289, 309 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31522", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "positive antigenemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 317, 337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31523", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "DNAemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31524", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antiviral therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 491, 508 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31525", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "DNAemia cut-off" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31526", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "positive antigenemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 317, 337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31527", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "unmanipulated HSCT" ], "offsets": [ [ 833, 851 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31528", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "DNAemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31529", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "DNAemia cut-off" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31530", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antiviral treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1242, 1261 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31531", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "number of preemptively treated children" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31532", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HCMV infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 947, 961 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31533", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "number of patients treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 731, 757 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31534", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HCMV disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 1179, 1191 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31536", "type": "document", "text": [ "Long-term growth hormone treatment in growth hormone deficient adults . Growth hormone treatment in GH-deficient adults has proved beneficial in recent short-term trials , but long-term results have not yet been reported . Thirteen GH-deficient adults ( 4 females , 9 males ; mean ( SEM ) age 26.4 ( 1.7 ) years ) , who had completed 4 months of GH therapy in a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study were followed , for further 16.1 ( 0.8 ) months of uninterrupted GH therapy in an open design . A significant mean increase of 1.3 cm in linear height was recorded , whereas body mass index remained unchanged . Mean muscle volume of the thigh , estimated by computerised tomography , increased significantly compared with that of the initial placebo period ( p = 0.01 ) , and a slight decrease was recorded in adipose tissue volume of the thigh ( p = 0.10 ) and subscapular skinfold thickness ( p = 0.10 ) . Still , the muscle to fat ratio of the thigh was significantly lower compared with that of normal subjects ( 72.6/27.4 vs 77.9/22.1 ) ( p less than 0.01 ) . The mean isometric strength of the quadriceps muscles increased significantly during long-term GH therapy ( p less than 0.01 ) , but remained lower compared with that of normal subjects ( 1.66 ( 0.10 ) vs 2.13 ( 0.11 ) Nm/kg body weight ) . Exercise capacity performed on a bicycle ergometer increased significantly after long-term therapy ( p less than 0.05 ) , but still did not reach the values seen in normal subjects ( 22.5 ( 3.4 ) vs 37.4 ( 4.2 ) watt.min.kg-1 . No adverse reactions were recorded during long-term therapy and hemoglobin A1c remained unchanged . These data suggest that long-term GH replacement therapy in GH-deficient adults has beneficial effects on several physiological features which are subnormal in these patients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1821 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31537", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Growth hormone treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31538", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "GH therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 346, 356 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31539", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31540", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "GH therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 346, 356 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31541", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 382 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31542", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "linear height" ], "offsets": [ [ 548, 561 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31543", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "body mass index" ], "offsets": [ [ 585, 600 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31544", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Mean muscle volume of the thigh" ], "offsets": [ [ 622, 653 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31545", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "adipose tissue volume of the thigh" ], "offsets": [ [ 821, 855 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31546", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "subscapular skinfold thickness" ], "offsets": [ [ 873, 903 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31547", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "muscle to fat ratio of the thigh" ], "offsets": [ [ 931, 963 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31548", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "mean isometric strength of the quadriceps" ], "offsets": [ [ 1080, 1121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31549", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Exercise capacity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1317, 1334 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31550", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse reactions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1548, 1565 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31551", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hemoglobin A1c" ], "offsets": [ [ 1609, 1623 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31552", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "growth hormone deficient" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31553", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adults" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31554", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "GH-deficient adults" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31555", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Thirteen" ], "offsets": [ [ 223, 231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31556", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "GH-deficient adults" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31557", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "4" ], "offsets": [ [ 254, 255 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31558", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "females" ], "offsets": [ [ 256, 263 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31559", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "9" ], "offsets": [ [ 266, 267 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31560", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "males" ], "offsets": [ [ 258, 263 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31561", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "26.4" ], "offsets": [ [ 293, 297 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31562", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "normal" ], "offsets": [ [ 1010, 1016 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31564", "type": "document", "text": [ "Parenteral amino acid and metabolic acidosis in premature infants . BACKGROUND Aggressive parenteral nutrition ( PN ) including amino acids is recommended for low-birth-weight infants to prevent energy and protein deficit . Their impact on acid-base homeostasis has not been examined . METHODS We investigated the impact of dose and duration of parenteral amino acids , with cysteine , on acid-base parameters in 122 low-birth-weight infants . Premature infants < or=32 weeks , < or=1850 g , and receiving parenteral amino acids at 1.5 g/kg/d for an extended period ( > 24 hours ) , or 3 g/kg/d for a short ( 5 hour ) , extended ( 24 hour ) , or prolonged ( 3-5 days ) duration were included in the study . Data were obtained at age 0-3 days ( n = 43 ) or , when clinically stable , age 3-5 days ( n = 49 ) . Data from 30 infants , matched for birth weight and gestational age , receiving PN during the first 5 days after birth were also obtained . Acidosis was defined as pH < 7.25 . RESULTS Acidosis was evident in all infants between 2 and 5 days after birth . Infants with large patent ductus arteriosus ( PDA ) exhibited significantly ( p < .05 ) lower pH early , had higher blood urea nitrogen levels ( 26 +/- 9 vs 18 + 8 mg/dL ; p < .05 ) , and had greater weight loss ( approximately 17 % of birth weight ) when compared with infants without PDA . Gestational age , weight loss , and patent ductus arteriosus accounted for 65 % of variance in acidosis . CONCLUSIONS Low-birth-weight infants develop metabolic acidosis between 2 and 5 days after birth , irrespective of dose and duration of parenteral amino acid administration . Careful management of parenteral fluids and comorbidities may lower the incidence of acidosis and promote protein accretion ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1762 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31565", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Parenteral amino acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31566", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Aggressive parenteral nutrition ( PN ) including amino acids" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31567", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "parenteral amino acids" ], "offsets": [ [ 345, 367 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31568", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 383 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31569", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "parenteral amino acids" ], "offsets": [ [ 345, 367 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31570", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PN" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 115 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31571", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "parenteral amino acid administration" ], "offsets": [ [ 1598, 1634 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31572", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "parenteral fluids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1659, 1676 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31573", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Acidosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 949, 957 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31574", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lower pH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1152, 1160 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31575", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood urea nitrogen levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1180, 1206 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31576", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "greater weight loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 1256, 1275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31577", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Gestational age" ], "offsets": [ [ 1356, 1371 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31578", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weight loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 1264, 1275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31579", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "patent ductus arteriosus" ], "offsets": [ [ 1083, 1107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31580", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "30 infants , matched for birth weight and gestational age , receiving PN during the first 5 days after birth" ], "offsets": [ [ 819, 927 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31582", "type": "document", "text": [ "Improvement in sensory impairment and social interaction in young children with autism following treatment with an original Qigong massage methodology . In clinical research , sensory impairment is considered one of the core deficits in autism and is associated with impaired socialization , behavioral disturbances and bowel and sleep problems . The effectiveness of the Cignolini methodology , an original Qigong massage methodology , in treating sensory impairment in young children with autism was evaluated in a small , controlled study . Thirteen children with autism between the ages of three and six received daily treatment according to the methodology for 5 months . Compared with untreated children , treated children experienced significant improvement of their sensory impairment ( p < 0.01 ) , and demonstrated increased social skills ( p < 0.04 ) and basic living skills ( p < 0.02 ) on standardized measures . In addition , all of the children with bowel and sleep abnormalities demonstrated improvement after treatment ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1037 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31583", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "original Qigong massage methodology" ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 150 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31584", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "Cignolini methodology , an original Qigong massage methodology" ], "offsets": [ [ 372, 434 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31585", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "sensory impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31586", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "social skills" ], "offsets": [ [ 835, 848 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31587", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "basic living skills" ], "offsets": [ [ 866, 885 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31588", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "young children with autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31589", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "sensory impairment in young children" ], "offsets": [ [ 449, 485 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31590", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Thirteen children" ], "offsets": [ [ 544, 561 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31591", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "with autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31592", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "between the ages of three and six" ], "offsets": [ [ 574, 607 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31594", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of low-level laser and plyometric exercises in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis . OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of a protocol of combination of laser with plyometric exercises and a protocol of placebo laser with the same program , in the treatment of tennis elbow . BACKGROUND DATA The use of low-level laser has been recommended for the management of tennis elbow with contradictory results . Also , plyometric exercises was recommended for the treatment of the tendinopathy . METHODS Fifty patients who had tennis elbow participated in the study and were randomised into two groups . Group A ( n = 25 ) was treated with a 904 Ga-As laser CW , frequency 50 Hz , intensity 40 mW and energy density 2.4 J/cm ( 2 ) , plus plyometric exercises and group B ( n = 25 ) that received placebo laser plus the same plyometric exercises . During eight weeks of treatment , the patients of the two groups received 12 sessions of laser or placebo , two sessions per week ( weeks 1-4 ) and one session per week ( weeks 5-8 ) . Pain at rest , at palpation on the lateral epicondyle , during resisted wrist extension , middle finger test , and strength testing was evaluated using Visual Analogue Scales . Also it was evaluated the grip strength , the range of motion and weight test . Parameters were determined before the treatment , at the end of the eighth week course of treatment ( week 8 ) , and eighth ( week 8 ) after the end of treatment . RESULTS Relative to the group B , the group A had ( 1 ) a significant decrease of pain at rest at the end of 8 weeks of the treatment ( p < 0.005 ) and at the end of following up period ( p < 0.05 ) , ( 2 ) a significant decrease in pain at palpation and pain on isometric testing at 8 weeks of treatment ( p < 0.05 ) , and at 8 weeks follow-up ( p < 0.001 ) , ( 3 ) a significant decrease in pain during middle finger test at the end of 8 weeks of treatment ( p < 0.01 ) , and at the end of the follow-up period ( p < 0.05 ) , ( 4 ) a significant decrease of pain during grip strength testing at 8 weeks of treatment ( p < 0.05 ) , and at 8 weeks follow-up ( p < 0.001 ) , ( 5 ) a significant increase in the wrist range of motion at 8 weeks follow-up ( p < 0.01 ) , ( 6 ) an increase in grip strength at 8 weeks of treatment ( p < 0.05 ) and at 8 weeks follow-up ( p < 0.01 ) , and ( 7 ) a significant increase in weight-test at 8 weeks of treatment ( p < 0.05 ) and at 8 weeks follow-up ( p < 0.005 ) . CONCLUSION The results suggested that the combination of laser with plyometric exercises was more effective treatment than placebo laser with the same plyometric exercises at the end of the treatment as well as at the follow-up . Future studies are needed to establish the relative and absolute effectiveness of the above protocol ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2823 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31595", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "low-level laser and plyometric exercises" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31596", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "laser with plyometric exercises" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 224 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31597", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo laser with the same program" ], "offsets": [ [ 243, 278 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31598", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "low-level laser" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31599", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "plyometric exercises" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31600", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "904 Ga-As laser CW" ], "offsets": [ [ 674, 692 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31601", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "plus plyometric exercises" ], "offsets": [ [ 765, 790 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31602", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "placebo laser plus the same plyometric exercises ." ], "offsets": [ [ 828, 878 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31603", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "laser or" ], "offsets": [ [ 968, 976 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31604", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 243, 250 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31605", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "combination of laser with plyometric exercises" ], "offsets": [ [ 178, 224 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31606", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo laser with the same plyometric exercises" ], "offsets": [ [ 2614, 2662 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31607", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Pain at rest , at palpation on the lateral epicondyle , during resisted wrist extension , middle finger test" ], "offsets": [ [ 1064, 1172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31608", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "strength testing" ], "offsets": [ [ 1179, 1195 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31609", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Visual Analogue Scales" ], "offsets": [ [ 1216, 1238 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31610", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "grip strength" ], "offsets": [ [ 1267, 1280 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31611", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "range of motion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1287, 1302 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31612", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weight test" ], "offsets": [ [ 1307, 1318 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31613", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain at rest" ], "offsets": [ [ 1567, 1579 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31614", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain at palpation and pain on isometric testing" ], "offsets": [ [ 1718, 1765 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31615", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain during middle finger test" ], "offsets": [ [ 1878, 1908 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31616", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain during grip strength testing" ], "offsets": [ [ 2045, 2078 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31617", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "wrist range of motion" ], "offsets": [ [ 2195, 2216 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31618", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "grip strength" ], "offsets": [ [ 1267, 1280 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31619", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weight-test" ], "offsets": [ [ 2401, 2412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31620", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "lateral epicondylitis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31621", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "tennis elbow ." ], "offsets": [ [ 301, 315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31622", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "tennis elbow" ], "offsets": [ [ 301, 313 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31624", "type": "document", "text": [ "A comparison of the laryngeal tube-S and Proseal laryngeal mask during outpatient surgical procedures . BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The Laryngeal Tube Sonda ( LTS ) and the ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway ( PLMA ) are two new devices introduced for maintaining the airway during controlled ventilation under general anaesthesia . The present investigation compared their performance in a randomized controlled study . METHODS One hundred ASA I-II patients , aged 18-60 yr undergoing elective minor surgery , were randomized to receive either an LTS ( n = 50 ) or PLMA ( n = 50 ) for airway management . After induction of general anaesthesia , the devices were inserted , its correct placement was verified and airway leak pressure was measured . Ease of insertion , quality of airway seal , fibre-optic view and postoperative pharyngeal morbidity were examined . RESULTS There were no differences in patient characteristics for both groups . First-time and second-time success rates were comparable for both groups ( 86 vs. 88 % and 96 vs. 98 % in LTS and PLMA groups , respectively ) . The airway of one patient in each group could not be managed with these devices after three attempts . Time until delivery of first tidal volume for LTS and PLMA was 24.5 +/- 6.9 and 28.8 +/- 10.3 s. Fixation and manipulation time was 54.9 +/- 15.2 and 73.2 +/- 25 s , respectively ( P < 0.05 ) . Airway seal pressure ( cm H ( 2 ) O ) for LTS and PLMA was 20 +/- 8.6 and 24.1 +/- 10.8 , respectively ( P = 0.04 ) . Patients were questioned on a variety of postoperative pharyngeal morbidities . Only hoarseness was more frequent in the LTS group . CONCLUSIONS Both devices provide a secure airway , are similar in clinical utility and are easy to insert . Better airway seal was detected in the PLMA group ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1790 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31625", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "laryngeal tube-S" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31626", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Proseal laryngeal mask" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31627", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Laryngeal Tube Sonda ( LTS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 133, 161 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31628", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway ( PLMA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 170, 208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31629", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "LTS" ], "offsets": [ [ 156, 159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31630", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "PLMA" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 206 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31631", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Ease of insertion" ], "offsets": [ [ 742, 759 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31632", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "quality of airway seal" ], "offsets": [ [ 762, 784 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31633", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "fibre-optic view" ], "offsets": [ [ 787, 803 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31634", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "postoperative pharyngeal morbidity" ], "offsets": [ [ 808, 842 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31635", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "First-time and second-time success rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 938, 978 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31636", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "airway" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 266 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31637", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Time until delivery of first tidal volume" ], "offsets": [ [ 1186, 1227 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31638", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Fixation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1283, 1291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31639", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "manipulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1296, 1308 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31640", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Airway seal pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1380, 1400 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31641", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "postoperative pharyngeal morbidities" ], "offsets": [ [ 1539, 1575 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31642", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31643", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "hoarseness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1583, 1593 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31644", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "airway seal" ], "offsets": [ [ 773, 784 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31645", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "outpatient surgical procedures" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31646", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "general anaesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 303, 322 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31647", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "One hundred" ], "offsets": [ [ 421, 432 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31648", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ASA I-II patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 433, 450 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31649", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "18-60 yr" ], "offsets": [ [ 458, 466 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31650", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "elective minor surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 478, 500 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31652", "type": "document", "text": [ "A prospective , randomized trial of clear liquids versus low-fat solid diet as the initial meal in mild acute pancreatitis . BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients recovering from mild acute pancreatitis typically receive a clear liquid diet ( CLD ) when ready to initiate oral nutrition . Patient discharge then depends on their successful advancement to solid food . We hypothesized that initiating oral nutrition with a low-fat solid diet ( LFSD ) after mild pancreatitis would be well tolerated and would result in a shorter length of hospitalization ( LOH ) . METHODS Patients with mild pancreatitis were randomized to a CLD or LFSD when they were ready to resume oral nutrition . Decisions about diet advancement and hospital discharge were at the discretion of the medical team , without input from study team members . Patients were monitored daily for recurrence of pain , need to stop feeding , post-refeeding LOH ( primary end point ) , and for 28 days post-refeeding to capture re-admission rates . RESULTS We randomized 121 patients : 66 to CLD and 55 to LFSD . The number of patients requiring cessation of feeding because of pain or nausea was similar in both groups ( 6 % for CLD , 11 % for LFSD ; P = .51 ) . The median LOH after refeeding was identical in both groups ( 1-day interquartile range , 1-2 ; P = .77 ) . Patients in the LFSD arm consumed significantly more calories and grams of fat than those in the CLD arm during their first meal and on study day 1 . There was no difference in the 28-day re-admission rates between the 2 arms . CONCLUSIONS Initiating oral nutrition after mild acute pancreatitis with an LFSD appeared safe and provided more calories than a CLD , but did not result in a shorter LOH ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1722 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31653", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "clear liquid diet ( CLD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 212, 237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31654", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "oral nutrition with a low-fat solid diet ( LFSD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 389, 438 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31655", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "CLD" ], "offsets": [ [ 232, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31656", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "LFSD" ], "offsets": [ [ 432, 436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31657", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "length of hospitalization" ], "offsets": [ [ 517, 542 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31658", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 863, 867 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31659", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "need to stop feeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 870, 890 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31660", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "," ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31661", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "post-refeeding LOH" ], "offsets": [ [ 893, 911 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31662", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "re-admission rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 978, 996 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31663", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "number of patients requiring cessation of feeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 1067, 1116 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31664", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "because of pain or" ], "offsets": [ [ 1117, 1135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31665", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 1136, 1142 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31666", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "median LOH after refeeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 1218, 1244 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31667", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "calories and grams of fat" ], "offsets": [ [ 1375, 1400 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31668", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "28-day re-admission rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1503, 1528 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31669", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mild acute pancreatitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31670", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "LFSD" ], "offsets": [ [ 432, 436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31671", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "LOH" ], "offsets": [ [ 545, 548 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31672", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "mild acute pancreatitis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 124 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31673", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "mild acute pancreatitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31674", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "mild pancreatitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 445, 462 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31675", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "121" ], "offsets": [ [ 1021, 1024 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31677", "type": "document", "text": [ "Codeine/acetaminophen and hydrocodone/acetaminophen combination tablets for the management of chronic cancer pain in adults : a 23-day , prospective , double-blind , randomized , parallel-group study . BACKGROUND Analgesics are an essential component of the treatment of cancer-associated pain . Pharmacologic treatment is usually begun with nonopioid analgesics , most frequently acetaminophen . If pain relief is not achieved , the so-called \" weak \" opioids , such as codeine and hydrocodone , may be used in combination with acetaminophen . Adverse effects ( AEs ) of the opioids include constipation , somnolence , nausea , and vomiting . Based on the results of a literature search , data comparing the effects of the opioids are lacking . OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy and tolerability of codeine phosphate versus hydrocodone bitartrate in combination with acetaminophen in the relief of cancer-related pain . METHODS This 23-day , prospective , double-blind , randomized , parallel-group study was conducted at 3 Colombian centers : University Libre , Social Security Institute , and General Hospital of Medellín , Cali , Colombia . Outpatients with cancer were eligible for the study if they were aged > -18 years and had chronic ( duration , > /= 3 months ) moderate to severe cancer-related pain ( score on 10-cm visual analog scale [ VAS ] , > 3 cm [ moderate ] ; score on a 4-point verbal pain-intensity scale , > 1 [ moderate ] ) . Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive 1 tablet of codeine/acetaminophen ( C/A ) 30/500 mg or hydrocodone/acetaminophen ( H/A ) 5/500 mg PO q4h ( total daily doses , 150/2500 and 25/2500 mg , respectively ) for 23 days . In both groups , if pain intensity was rated as > 3 on the VAS at week 1 or 2 , the dosage was doubled . The primary end point was the proportion of patients who achieved pain relief ( defined as a score of > 1 on a 5-point verbal rating scale [ VRS ] ( 0 = none ; 1 = a little ; 2 = some ; 3 = a lot ; and 4 = complete ) on study days 1 and 2 and weeks 1 , 2 , and 3 . The secondary end point was the proportion of patients in whom pain was decreased ( VAS score , < - 3 cm ) . AEs were self-reported on a 4-point VRS ( 0 = absent ; 1 = mild ; 2 = moderate ; and 3 = severe ) . RESULTS Of the 121 patients who participated , 59 received C/A and 62 received H/A . Of the total number of cases , 59 % were aged 60 to 89 years , and 55 % were men . At baseline , 88 % of the patients described their pain intensity as moderate ; 12 % , severe . Of the patients who received C/A , 58 % responded to the initial dosage of 150/2500 mg/d , and 8 % of the patients responded to the double dosage ; 34 % did not experience pain relief . In patients with H/A , pain was reported as absent or mild in 56 % of patients at the starting dosage of 25/2500 mg/d ; an additional 15 % of the patients responded to the double dosage ; the remaining 29 % of patients did not experience any pain relief . None of the between-group differences in response rates were significant . The most common AEs in the C/A and H/A groups were constipation ( 36 % and 29 % , respectively ) , dizziness ( 24 % and 19 % ) , vomiting ( 24 % and 16 % ) , and dry mouth ( 15 % and 18 % ) , with no significant differences between groups . CONCLUSION In this study , efficacy and tolerability were comparable between C/A and H/A over 23 days of treatment in these patients with moderate or severe , chronic , cancer-related pain ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3515 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31678", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Codeine/acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31679", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hydrocodone/acetaminophen combination" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31680", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 8, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31681", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "codeine and hydrocodone" ], "offsets": [ [ 471, 494 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31682", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "combination with acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 512, 542 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31683", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "codeine phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 840, 857 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31684", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hydrocodone bitartrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 865, 887 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31685", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 8, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31686", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain relief" ], "offsets": [ [ 400, 411 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31687", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "analgesic efficacy and tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 801, 836 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31688", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic cancer pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31689", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adults" ], "offsets": [ [ 117, 123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31690", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "> -18 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 1255, 1266 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31691", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "121" ], "offsets": [ [ 2318, 2321 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31692", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "aged 60 to 89 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 2429, 2448 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31693", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31695", "type": "document", "text": [ "Parenteral nutrition and protein sparing after surgery : do we need glucose ? Although capable of inducing an anabolic state after surgery , parenteral nutrition , including glucose , leads to hyperglycemia . Even moderate increases in blood glucose are associated with poor surgical outcome . We examined the hypothesis that amino acids , in the absence of glucose supply , spare protein while preventing hyperglycemia . In this prospective study , 14 patients with colonic cancer were randomly assigned to undergo a 6-hour stable isotope infusion study ( 3 hours of fasting followed by 3-hour infusions of amino acids , Travasol [ Baxter , Montreal , Canada ] 10 % at 0.02 mL.kg ( -1 ) .min ( -1 ) , with or without glucose at 4 mg.kg ( -1 ) .min ( -1 ) ) on the second day after colorectal surgery . Protein breakdown , protein oxidation , protein balance , and glucose production were assessed by stable isotope tracer kinetics using l- [ 1- ( 13 ) C ] leucine and [ 6,6- ( 2 ) H2 ] glucose . Circulating concentrations of glucose , cortisol , insulin , and glucagon were determined . The administration of amino acids increased protein balance from -16+/-4 micromol.kg ( -1 ) .h ( -1 ) in the fasted state to 16+/-3 micromol.kg ( -1 ) .h ( -1 ) . Combined infusion of amino acids and glucose increased protein balance from -17+/-7 to 7+/-5 micromol.kg ( -1 ) .h ( -1 ) . The increase in protein balance during nutrition was comparable in the 2 groups ( P=.07 ) . Combined administration of amino acids and glucose decreased endogenous glucose production ( P=.001 ) and stimulated insulin secretion ( P=.001 ) to a greater extent than the administration of amino acids alone . Hyperglycemia ( blood glucose , 10.1+/-1.9 micromol/L ) occurred only in the presence of glucose infusion . In summary , excluding glucose from a short-term feeding protocol does not diminish the protein-sparing effect of amino acids and avoids hyperglycemia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1941 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31696", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31697", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31698", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "parenteral nutrition" ], "offsets": [ [ 141, 161 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31699", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31700", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amino acids" ], "offsets": [ [ 326, 337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31701", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31702", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "isotope infusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 532, 548 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31703", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "fasting" ], "offsets": [ [ 568, 575 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31704", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amino acids" ], "offsets": [ [ 326, 337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31705", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "with or without glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 702, 725 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31706", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amino acids" ], "offsets": [ [ 326, 337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31707", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amino acids" ], "offsets": [ [ 326, 337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31708", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31709", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amino acids" ], "offsets": [ [ 326, 337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31710", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31711", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31712", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amino acids" ], "offsets": [ [ 326, 337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31713", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Protein breakdown" ], "offsets": [ [ 803, 820 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31714", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "protein oxidation" ], "offsets": [ [ 823, 840 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31715", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "protein balance" ], "offsets": [ [ 843, 858 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31716", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "glucose production" ], "offsets": [ [ 865, 883 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31717", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Circulating concentrations of glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 997, 1034 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31718", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cortisol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1037, 1045 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31719", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1048, 1055 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31720", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "glucagon" ], "offsets": [ [ 1062, 1070 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31721", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "protein balance" ], "offsets": [ [ 843, 858 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31722", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "protein balance" ], "offsets": [ [ 843, 858 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31723", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "protein balance" ], "offsets": [ [ 843, 858 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31724", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "endogenous glucose production" ], "offsets": [ [ 1529, 1558 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31725", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "insulin secretion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1585, 1602 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31726", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Hyperglycemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1681, 1694 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31727", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "protein-sparing effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 1877, 1899 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31728", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hyperglycemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 206 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31729", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "14" ], "offsets": [ [ 450, 452 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31730", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "colonic cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 467, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31732", "type": "document", "text": [ "Observer variation in the assessment of outcome in traumatic brain injury : experience from a multicenter , international randomized clinical trial . OBJECTIVE Accurate and consistent outcome assessment is essential to randomized clinical trials . We aimed to explore observer variation in the assessment of outcome in a recently completed trial of dexanabinol in head injury and to consider steps to reduce such variation . METHODS Eight hundred sixty-one patients with severe traumatic brain injury who were admitted to 86 centers were included in a multicenter , placebo-controlled , Phase III trial . Outcome was assessed at 3 and 6 months postinjury using the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale ; standardized assessment was facilitated by the use of a structured interview . Before initiation of trial centers , outcome ratings were obtained for sample cases to establish initial levels of agreement . Training sessions in outcome assessment were held , and problems in assigning outcome were investigated . During the trial , a process of central review was established to monitor performance . Interobserver variation was analyzed using the kappa statistic . RESULTS Substantial observer variation was found in the rating of sample cases ( weighted kappa , 0.72 ; confidence interval , 0.68-0.75 ) and in assigning outcome based on completed structured interviews ( weighted kappa , 0.61 ; confidence interval , 0.57-0.64 ) . In the early stages of the trial , a relatively large number of discrepancies ( 29-37 % ) were identified on central review . This number declined as the trial progressed and coincided with investigator training and feedback from central review . Centers with higher enrollment rates showed better performance . CONCLUSION Observer variation in outcome assessment is a significant problem for head injury trials . Consistency can be improved by standardizing procedures , training assessors , and monitoring the quality of assessments and providing feedback to interviewers ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2005 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31733", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dexanabinol" ], "offsets": [ [ 349, 360 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31734", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 566, 584 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31735", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "assessment of outcome" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31736", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "outcome assessment" ], "offsets": [ [ 184, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31737", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "assessment of outcome" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31738", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "extended Glasgow Outcome Scale ;" ], "offsets": [ [ 665, 697 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31739", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "outcome ratings" ], "offsets": [ [ 814, 829 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31740", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Substantial observer variation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1171, 1201 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31741", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "outcome" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31742", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "discrepancies" ], "offsets": [ [ 1494, 1507 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31743", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Observer variation" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 18 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31744", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "outcome assessment" ], "offsets": [ [ 184, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31745", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Consistency" ], "offsets": [ [ 1844, 1855 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31746", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "head injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 364, 375 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31747", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Eight hundred sixty-one patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 433, 465 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31748", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "severe traumatic brain injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 471, 500 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31750", "type": "document", "text": [ "The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone increases number and function of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with coronary artery disease and normal glucose tolerance . OBJECTIVE Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ( PPAR gamma ) agonists ( thiazolidinediones [ TZDs ] ) are used for the treatment of diabetes . Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells ( EPCs ) improve vascular function and predict cardiovascular risk . The effect of pioglitazone therapy on EPCs was examined . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a prospective , randomized , double-blind study on patients with documented stable coronary artery disease and normal glucose tolerance . Of 54 patients with normal fasting glucose levels , 18 showed impaired glucose tolerance and 36 patients with normal glucose tolerance were randomized to 30-day treatment with pioglitazone ( 45 mg ) or placebo in addition to optimal medical therapy . All patients in the TZD group showed an increase of adiponectin levels as an indicator of compliance ( 11.4 +/- 1.1 to 36.8 +/- 2.1 microg/ml ; P < 0.001 ) . TZD , but not placebo , decreased mean high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to 43 +/- 19 % ( P < 0.05 ) . Pioglitazone increased CD34 ( + ) /kinase insert domain receptor ( + ) EPCs to 142 +/- 9 % and cultured 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine-labeled acetylated LDL ( + ) /lectin ( + ) EPCs to 180 +/- 3 % ( P < 0.05 ) . EPC numbers were not changed in the placebo group . TZD increased the SDF-1-induced migratory capacity to 146 +/- 9 % per EPC number ( P < 0.05 ) and upregulated the clonogenic potential of EPCs , increasing the colony-forming units to 172 +/- 12 % ( P < 0.001 ) . In cultured human EPCs , TZD increased EPC numbers and migration and reduced NADPH-oxidase activity . The TZD effect was reversed by the PPAR gamma antagonist GW9662 and mimicked by treatment with adiponectin . CONCLUSIONS The PPAR gamma agonist pioglitazone increases the number and function of EPCs in patients with coronary artery disease . The effect represents a potential regenerative mechanism in atherosclerosis and is observed in normoglycemic individuals with stable coronary artery disease ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2249 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31751", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pioglitazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31752", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "thiazolidinediones [ TZDs ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 293, 320 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31753", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pioglitazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31754", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pioglitazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31755", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 933, 940 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31756", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "in addition to optimal medical therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 941, 979 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31757", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TZD" ], "offsets": [ [ 314, 317 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31758", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TZD" ], "offsets": [ [ 314, 317 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31759", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 933, 940 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31760", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TZD" ], "offsets": [ [ 314, 317 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31761", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TZD" ], "offsets": [ [ 314, 317 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31762", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pioglitazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31763", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "number and function of endothelial progenitor cells" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31764", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vascular function" ], "offsets": [ [ 430, 447 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31765", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cardiovascular risk ." ], "offsets": [ [ 460, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31766", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "adiponectin levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1034, 1052 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31767", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean high-sensitivity C-reactive protein" ], "offsets": [ [ 1174, 1214 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31768", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CD34 ( + ) /kinase insert domain receptor ( + ) EPCs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1268, 1320 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31769", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cultured 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine-labeled acetylated LDL ( + ) /lectin ( + ) EPCs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1340, 1451 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31770", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "EPC numbers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1482, 1493 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31771", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SDF-1-induced migratory capacity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1552, 1584 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31772", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clonogenic potential of EPCs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1648, 1676 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31773", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "colony-forming units" ], "offsets": [ [ 1694, 1714 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31774", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "EPC numbers and migration and reduced NADPH-oxidase activity ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1786, 1848 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31775", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "number and function of EPCs" ], "offsets": [ [ 2020, 2047 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31776", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with documented stable coronary artery disease and normal glucose tolerance ." ], "offsets": [ [ 644, 730 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31777", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "54 patients with normal fasting glucose levels , 18 showed impaired glucose tolerance and 36 patients with normal glucose tolerance were randomized" ], "offsets": [ [ 734, 881 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31778", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "normoglycemic individuals with stable coronary artery disease ." ], "offsets": [ [ 2186, 2249 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31780", "type": "document", "text": [ "Efficacy and safety of sildenafil in Asian males with erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular risk . OBJECTIVE Assess the effectiveness of sildenafil in Asian males with erectile dysfunction ( ED ) and one or more of the co-morbidities , mild-to-moderate hypertension , dyslipidemia , and diabetes . MATERIAL AND METHOD A six-week , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , multicenter study was carried out in Thailand , Malaysia and Singapore . One hundred and fifty five male subjects were randomized ( 2:1 ) to sildenafil ( n = 104 ) or placebo ( n = 51 ) . Sildenafil was started at 50 mg and increased ( 100 mg ) or decreased ( 25 mg ) at week 2 if necessary . RESULTS On the primary efficacy endpoint , sildenafil-treated subjects had significantly better scores on the International Index of Erectile Function ( IIEF ) questions 3 and 4 than placebo ( p < 0.001 , both questions ) . When accumulated into IIEF domains , all five domains were significant in favor of sildenafil . In addition , sildenafil-treated subjects were more satisfied with treatment and had a higher intercourse success rate . The majority of adverse events were mild in severity ; the most commonly reported treatment-related events were dizziness ( 7.7 % ) and tinnitus ( 2.9 % ) . CONCLUSION Sildenafil ( 25 , 50 , and 100 mg ) was found to be an effective , safe , and well-tolerated treatment for ED in the present study population of Thai , Malaysian , and Singaporean males who also had increased cardiovascular risk" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1512 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31781", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sildenafil" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31782", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sildenafil" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31783", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 361, 379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31784", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sildenafil" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31785", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 361, 368 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31786", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Sildenafil" ], "offsets": [ [ 570, 580 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31787", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sildenafil-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 718, 736 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31788", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sildenafil-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 718, 736 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31789", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Efficacy and safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31790", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "International Index of Erectile Function ( IIEF ) questions 3 and 4" ], "offsets": [ [ 785, 852 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31791", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "intercourse success rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1089, 1113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31792", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "dizziness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1228, 1237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31793", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "tinnitus" ], "offsets": [ [ 1252, 1260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31794", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Asian" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31795", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "males" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31796", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "erectile dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31797", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cardiovascular risk" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31798", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "males" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31799", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "erectile dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31800", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ED" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 195 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31801", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 255, 267 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31802", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "dyslipidemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 270, 282 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31803", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 289, 297 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31804", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "One hundred and fifty five male" ], "offsets": [ [ 455, 486 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31806", "type": "document", "text": [ "Efficacy of amantadine on quality of life in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon-alpha and ribavirin : results from a randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind trial . AIM The aim of this study was to investigate whether amantadine reduces deterioration of quality of life in patients with chronic hepatitis C during and after treatment with interferon-alpha ( IFN-alpha ) and ribavirin . PATIENTS AND METHODS In this randomized , prospective , placebo-controlled , multicenter trial , previously untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C were treated with IFN-alpha plus ribavirin [ 17 ] and randomized for treatment with amantadine ( 200 mg/day , orally , n=136 ) or placebo ( n=131 ) . Quality of life was assessed with the 'Profile of Mood States ' scale and the 'Everyday Life ' questionnaire at baseline , treatment week ( TW ) 8 , TW24 , TW48 , and at follow-up . RESULTS Early during treatment at TW8 , quality of life was not different between patients in the control and the amantadine group . At TW24 , the control group but not the amantadine group , however , showed significant deterioration of the modalities depression , fatigue , and vigor compared with baseline . Especially , nonresponders in the amantadine group showed significantly lower deterioration of depression , anger , mind function , everyday life , and zest for life than those in the placebo group . After treatment , the beneficial effects of amantadine disappeared . CONCLUSION The addition of amantadine to IFN-alpha plus ribavirin combination therapy may reduce deterioration of depression , fatigue , and vigor during treatment but does not affect quality of life after treatment ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1697 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31807", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amantadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31808", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "interferon-alpha and ribavirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31809", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31810", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31811", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "IFN-alpha plus ribavirin [ 17 ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 586, 617 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31812", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amantadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31813", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 160 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31814", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amantadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31815", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 160 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31816", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amantadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31817", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "IFN-alpha plus ribavirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 586, 610 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31818", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 8 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31819", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31820", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "deterioration of quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 267, 299 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31821", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 718, 733 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31822", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "'Profile of Mood States ' scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 756, 787 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31823", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "and the 'Everyday Life ' questionnaire" ], "offsets": [ [ 788, 826 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31824", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "modalities depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1142, 1163 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31825", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fatigue , and vigor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1166, 1185 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31826", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lower deterioration of depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1283, 1316 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31827", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "anger" ], "offsets": [ [ 1319, 1324 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31828", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "," ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 152 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31829", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mind function" ], "offsets": [ [ 1327, 1340 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31830", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ ", everyday life , and zest for life" ], "offsets": [ [ 1341, 1376 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31831", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "beneficial effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1433, 1451 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31832", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "deterioration of depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1289, 1316 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31833", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fatigue" ], "offsets": [ [ 1166, 1173 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31834", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vigor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1180, 1185 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31835", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31836", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic hepatitis C" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31837", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic hepatitis C" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31838", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "previously untreated patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 513, 542 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31839", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic hepatitis C" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31841", "type": "document", "text": [ "A randomized placebo-controlled trial comparing the efficacy of etoricoxib 30 mg and ibuprofen 2400 mg for the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis . OBJECTIVE We compared the efficacy of etoricoxib 30 mg to placebo and ibuprofen 2400 mg for the treatment of osteoarthritis ( OA ) of the hip and knee . DESIGN In this 12-week , randomized , double-blind , placebo- and active-comparator-controlled trial , 548 patients ( median age 63 years ) with OA of the hip or knee were randomized to receive placebo , etoricoxib 30 mg q.d. , or ibuprofen 800 mg t.i.d . Demonstration of etoricoxib 's efficacy vs placebo and comparison of its efficacy to ibuprofen were assessed using three co-primary endpoints : Western Ontario and McMaster 's University Osteoarthritis Index ( WOMAC ) Pain Subscale ( WOMAC-PS ) ; WOMAC Physical Function Subscale ( WOMAC-PFS ) ; and Patient Global Assessment of Disease Status ( PGADS ) . Each primary endpoint utilizes a 0-100 mm visual analog scale . To demonstrate comparable efficacy of etoricoxib vs ibuprofen , the 95 % confidence intervals ( CIs ) for the difference in the least squares ( LS ) mean change over 12 weeks for all three co-primary endpoints had to fall within +/-10 mm . Safety and tolerability data were collected throughout the study . RESULTS Mean baseline values for the three co-primary endpoints ranged from 62.52 to 70.14 mm . Both etoricoxib and ibuprofen demonstrated superior ( P < or =0.002 ) efficacy for all primary endpoints . The LS mean ( mm ) changes ( 95 % CI ) over 12 weeks for etoricoxib and ibuprofen , respectively , compared to placebo were given as follows : WOMAC-PS : -11.66 ( -16.31 , -7.01 ) and -7.62 ( -12.30 , -2.94 ) ; WOMAC-PFS : -10.15 ( -14.74 , -5.57 ) and -7.23 ( -11.85 , -2.61 ) ; PGADS : -11.65 ( -16.81 , -6.50 ) and -8.11 ( -13.30 , -2.92 ) . The efficacy of etoricoxib 30 mg was comparable to ibuprofen 2400 mg. All treatments were similarly well tolerated . CONCLUSION Treatment with etoricoxib 30 mg q.d . provides superior efficacy vs placebo and comparable clinical efficacy vs ibuprofen 2400 mg ( 800 mg t.i.d . ) for the treatment of OA of the hip and knee ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2161 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31842", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31843", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etoricoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31844", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ibuprofen" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31845", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etoricoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31846", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31847", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ibuprofen" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31848", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31849", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31850", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etoricoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31851", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ibuprofen" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31852", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etoricoxib 's" ], "offsets": [ [ 581, 594 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31853", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31854", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ibuprofen" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31855", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etoricoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31856", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ibuprofen" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31857", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etoricoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31858", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ibuprofen" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31859", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etoricoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31860", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ibuprofen" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31861", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31862", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etoricoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31863", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ibuprofen" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31864", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etoricoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31865", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31866", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ibuprofen" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31867", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Western Ontario and McMaster 's University Osteoarthritis Index ( WOMAC ) Pain Subscale ( WOMAC-PS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 708, 808 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31868", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "WOMAC Physical Function Subscale ( WOMAC-PFS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 811, 857 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31869", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Patient Global Assessment of Disease Status ( PGADS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 864, 917 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31870", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "least squares ( LS ) mean change" ], "offsets": [ [ 1112, 1144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31871", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Safety and tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 1224, 1247 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31872", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "data" ], "offsets": [ [ 1248, 1252 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31873", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Mean baseline values" ], "offsets": [ [ 1299, 1319 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31874", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31875", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "WOMAC-PS" ], "offsets": [ [ 798, 806 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31876", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "WOMAC-PFS" ], "offsets": [ [ 846, 855 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31877", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PGADS" ], "offsets": [ [ 910, 915 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31878", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31879", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1944, 1953 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31880", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31881", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "osteoarthritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 138, 152 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31882", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "osteoarthritis ( OA ) of the hip and knee" ], "offsets": [ [ 264, 305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31883", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "548 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 411, 423 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31884", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "OA of the hip or knee" ], "offsets": [ [ 453, 474 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31885", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "OA of the hip and knee" ], "offsets": [ [ 2137, 2159 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31887", "type": "document", "text": [ "Protein ingestion further augments S6K1 phosphorylation in skeletal muscle following resistance type exercise in males . Our objective was to determine the impact of carbohydrate and/or protein ingestion before and after exercise on ribosomal protein S6 kinase ( S6K1 ) and S6 phosphorylation status in human skeletal muscle tissue . Seven healthy , untrained men ( 22.5 +/- 0.9 y ) were randomly assigned to 2 cross-over experiments . Before , immediately after , and 1 h after a single bout of resistance exercise , subjects consumed 0.3 g x kg ( -1 ) carbohydrate with or without 0.3 g x kg ( -1 ) protein hydrolysate ( CHO+PRO and CHO , respectively ) . Muscle biopsies were taken before and immediately after exercise and after 1 and 4 h of postexercise recovery to determine 4E-BP1 , S6K1 ( both T ( 421 ) /S ( 424 ) and T ( 389 ) ) , and S6 phosphorylation status . Following resistance exercise , 4E-BP1 phosphorylation was reduced to a greater extent in the CHO treatment ( -48 +/- 7 % ) than in the CHO+PRO treatment ( -15 +/- 14 % , P < 0.01 ) . During recovery , 4E-BP1 phosphorylation increased in both experiments ( P < 0.01 ) , and tended to be higher in the CHO+PRO test ( P = 0.08 ) . S6K1 phosphorylation at T ( 421 ) /S ( 424 ) substantially increased following exercise and remained elevated during recovery with no differences between treatments . In contrast to the CHO treatment ( -4 +/- 2 % ) , S6K1 phosphorylation at T ( 389 ) was higher following exercise in the CHO+PRO treatment only ( +78 +/- 2 % , P < 0.01 ) . During recovery , S6K1 phosphorylation at T ( 389 ) remained higher in CHO+PRO than in CHO ( P < 0.05 ) . S6 phosphorylation was substantially higher following exercise in the CHO+PRO ( 1.69 +/- 0.35 ) than in the CHO experiment ( 0.45 +/- 0.07 , P < 0.01 ) and remained elevated during recovery ( P < 0.05 ) . We conclude that the availability of dietary protein further enhances phosphorylation of S6K1 during recovery from resistance type exercise ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1994 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31888", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Protein ingestion" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 17 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31889", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "carbohydrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 178 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31890", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "protein" ], "offsets": [ [ 186, 193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31891", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "exercise" ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31892", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "resistance exercise" ], "offsets": [ [ 496, 515 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31893", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "carbohydrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 178 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31894", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "protein hydrolysate" ], "offsets": [ [ 601, 620 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31895", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CHO+PRO" ], "offsets": [ [ 623, 630 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31896", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "CHO" ], "offsets": [ [ 623, 626 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31897", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Muscle biopsies" ], "offsets": [ [ 658, 673 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31898", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "4E-BP1 phosphorylation" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 927 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31899", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "CHO" ], "offsets": [ [ 623, 626 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31900", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CHO+PRO" ], "offsets": [ [ 623, 630 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31901", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CHO" ], "offsets": [ [ 623, 626 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31902", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CHO+PRO" ], "offsets": [ [ 623, 630 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31903", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CHO+PRO" ], "offsets": [ [ 623, 630 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31904", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CHO" ], "offsets": [ [ 623, 626 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31905", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CHO+PRO" ], "offsets": [ [ 623, 630 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31906", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CHO" ], "offsets": [ [ 623, 626 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31907", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "4E-BP1 phosphorylation" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 927 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31908", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "4E-BP1 phosphorylation" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 927 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31909", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "S6K1 phosphorylation at T ( 421 ) /S ( 424 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1202, 1246 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31910", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "S6K1 phosphorylation at T ( 389 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1419, 1452 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31911", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "During recovery , S6K1 phosphorylation at T ( 389 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1542, 1593 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31912", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "S6 phosphorylation" ], "offsets": [ [ 274, 292 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31913", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "males" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 118 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31914", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Seven" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 339 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31915", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31916", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "( 22.5 +/- 0.9 y )" ], "offsets": [ [ 364, 382 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31918", "type": "document", "text": [ "The EUROSCAN Study . EUROSCAN Steering Committee ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 50 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31919", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "EUROSCAN" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 12 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31920", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "EUROSCAN" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 12 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31921", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "EUROSCAN" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 12 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31923", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Potentials of monocular augmented reality technology in automobile production ] . INTRODUCTION Augmented reality ( AR ) technologies can enrich the real environment with visual data , which has potential benefits for optimising the operator 's working process . It offers the possibility to provide context-sensitive information independently of the user 's location and position . Data are presented to the dominant eye on a semi-transparent mirror using a head-mounted display ( HMD ) unit that works with retinal laser technology . In this study the potential benefits and drawbacks of this new AR technology were evaluated . MATERIALS AND METHODS 45 participants without any visual impairment were randomly assigned to 3 groups and completed a variety of tasks during a simulated working day . Group 1 received conventional working aids ( paper-based documents ) to support the task processing . Group 2 additionally wore an HMD unit that was switched off . Group 3 wore a functioning HMD without any additional aids . Evaluation was carried out by means of a standardised questionnaire ( BMS ) and a concentration test ( \" d2 Aufmerksamkeits-Belastungs-Test \" ) . RESULTS No significant differences between the 3 groups were found in terms of mental strain , concentration-test performance and physical or mental complaints reported in a follow-up interview . Around 20 % of the subjects noticed a higher pressure and blurred vision in both eyes as well as headaches . Half of the participants complained about deficiencies concerning the ergonomic hardware design of the AR system . DISCUSSION Changes in objective ophthalmological investigation parameters were not observed . Subjects reported reduced acceptance of the HMD based on non-ophthalmological reasons , for example , the weight of the unit or the length of the cable . However , for some specific working tasks , advantages in process optimisation and operator support were observed ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1954 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31924", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "monocular augmented reality technology" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31925", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Augmented reality ( AR ) technologies" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31926", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "AR technology" ], "offsets": [ [ 600, 613 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31927", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "conventional working aids ( paper-based documents ) to support the task processing" ], "offsets": [ [ 817, 899 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31928", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "HMD unit that was switched off ." ], "offsets": [ [ 931, 963 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31929", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "HMD without any additional aids ." ], "offsets": [ [ 991, 1024 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31930", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "mental strain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1250, 1263 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31931", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "concentration-test performance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1266, 1296 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31932", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "physical or mental complaints" ], "offsets": [ [ 1301, 1330 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31933", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "higher pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1405, 1420 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31934", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blurred vision in both eyes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1425, 1452 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31935", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "headaches" ], "offsets": [ [ 1464, 1473 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31936", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ergonomic hardware design" ], "offsets": [ [ 1546, 1571 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31937", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "45" ], "offsets": [ [ 653, 655 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31938", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "visual impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 681, 698 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31940", "type": "document", "text": [ "A pilot study of extended duration peginterferon alfa-2a for patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B . OBJECTIVES Forty-eight weeks of peginterferon alfa-2a is the approved regimen for chronic hepatitis B ( CHB ) . Standard interferon is more effective for hepatitis B e antigen ( HBeAg ) -negative CHB when given for longer than 1 yr . This study evaluated peginterferon alfa-2a for 60 wk , alone or in combination with lamivudine . METHODS Thirteen patients with HBeAg-negative CHB received peginterferon alfa-2a ( 180 microg/week ) for 60 wk or peginterferon alfa-2a ( 180 microg/week ) for 12 wk followed by 48 wk of peginterferon alfa-2a plus lamivudine . The primary end point , sustained virologic response ( SVR ) , was defined as a reduction in hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid ( HBV DNA ) of > or=2 log10 copies/mL and HBV DNA < 20,000 copies/mL at 24 wk of follow-up ( week 84 ) . Hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBsAg ) concentrations were analyzed and compared to changes in HBV DNA . RESULTS SVR was achieved by 9/13 patients ( 69 % ) . At week 84 , HBV DNA was undetectable by polymerase chain reaction in 5/13 ( 38 % ) patients , and 3 additional patients had a sustained 2-3 log reduction in HBV DNA . Five patients demonstrated a > 90 % decrease in HBsAg concentration at week 60 , including 3 with undetectable HBV DNA at week 84 and a fourth who met criteria for SVR . CONCLUSIONS Sixty weeks of peginterferon alfa-2a with or without lamivudine resulted in a higher rate of SVR compared to historical controls with HBeAg-negative CHB treated with 48 wk of pegylated interferon . Larger studies are necessary to assess if longer duration therapy is more effective than the standard regimen and results in a greater decline in HBsAg concentration ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1796 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31941", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "peginterferon alfa-2a" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31942", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "peginterferon alfa-2a" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31943", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "peginterferon alfa-2a" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31944", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "peginterferon alfa-2a" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31945", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "peginterferon alfa-2a" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31946", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "peginterferon alfa-2a plus lamivudine ." ], "offsets": [ [ 646, 685 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31947", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "peginterferon alfa-2a" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31948", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pegylated interferon ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1606, 1628 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31949", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sustained virologic response ( SVR )" ], "offsets": [ [ 710, 746 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31950", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid ( HBV DNA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 779, 830 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31951", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HBV DNA <" ], "offsets": [ [ 861, 870 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31952", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBsAg ) concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 924, 976 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31953", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HBV DNA ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1018, 1027 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31954", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SVR" ], "offsets": [ [ 741, 744 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31955", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HBV DNA" ], "offsets": [ [ 821, 828 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31956", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "log reduction in HBV DNA ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1222, 1248 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31957", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HBsAg concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 1297, 1316 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31958", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HBV DNA" ], "offsets": [ [ 821, 828 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31959", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SVR ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1413, 1418 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31960", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SVR" ], "offsets": [ [ 741, 744 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31961", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 125 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31962", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic hepatitis B" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 125 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31963", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "CHB" ], "offsets": [ [ 232, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31964", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Thirteen" ], "offsets": [ [ 467, 475 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31965", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HBeAg-negative CHB" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 508 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31966", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HBeAg-negative CHB" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 508 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "31968", "type": "document", "text": [ "Clinical benefit with docetaxel plus fluorouracil and cisplatin compared with cisplatin and fluorouracil in a phase III trial of advanced gastric or gastroesophageal cancer adenocarcinoma : the V-325 Study Group . PURPOSE For patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal cancer ( AGGEC ) providing clinical benefit with improved palliation is highly desirable . However , a prospective evaluation of clinical benefit in AGGEC patients has never before been reported in a phase III setting . PATIENTS AND METHODS In a multinational trial ( V325 ) , 445 patients were randomly assigned and treated with either docetaxel plus cisplatin and fluorouracil ( DCF ) or cisplatin and fluorouracil ( CF ) . Clinical benefit was prospectively evaluated in this trial as a secondary end point . The primary measure for clinical benefit analysis was time to definitive worsening by one or more categories of Karnofsky performance status ( KPS ) . Secondary clinical benefit end points included time to 5 % definitive weight loss , time to definitive worsening of appetite by one grade , pain-free survival ( defined as time to first appearance of pain ) , and time to first cancer pain-related opioid intake . Clinical benefit assessments were recorded at each clinic visit . RESULTS Clinical benefit assessments were performed in more than 75 % of patients throughout V325 . DCF significantly prolonged time to definitive worsening of KPS compared with CF ( median , 6.1 v 4.8 months ; hazard ratio , 1.38 ; 95 % CI , 1.08 to 1.76 ; log-rank P = .009 ) . Although time to definitive weight loss and time to definitive worsening of appetite favored DCF , the results were not statistically significant . Pain-free survival and time to first cancer pain-related opioid intake were comparable . CONCLUSION To our knowledge , V325 is the first phase III trial to report clinical benefit in AGGEC patients . Clinical benefit was assessed beyond protocol-specific chemotherapy . The addition of D to CF not only significantly improved clinical benefit but also improved quality of life , time to progression , and overall survival compared with CF ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2137 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31969", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "docetaxel plus fluorouracil" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31970", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31971", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31972", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluorouracil" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31973", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "docetaxel plus cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 614, 638 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31974", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluorouracil ( DCF )" ], "offsets": [ [ 643, 663 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31975", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31976", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluorouracil ( CF )" ], "offsets": [ [ 681, 700 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31977", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CF" ], "offsets": [ [ 659, 661 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31978", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "DCF" ], "offsets": [ [ 658, 661 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31979", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "protocol-specific chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1934, 1964 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31980", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "D" ], "offsets": [ [ 508, 509 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31981", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CF" ], "offsets": [ [ 659, 661 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31982", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CF" ], "offsets": [ [ 659, 661 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31983", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "time to definitive worsening" ], "offsets": [ [ 843, 871 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31984", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Karnofsky performance status" ], "offsets": [ [ 901, 929 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31985", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "time to 5 % definitive weight loss , time to definitive worsening of appetite by one grade ," ], "offsets": [ [ 987, 1079 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31986", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "pain-free survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1080, 1098 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31987", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "( defined as" ], "offsets": [ [ 1099, 1111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31988", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "time to first appearance of pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1112, 1144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31989", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ ") , and time to first cancer pain-related opioid intake ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1145, 1202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31990", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "time to definitive worsening of KPS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1397, 1432 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31991", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "time to definitive weight loss and time to definitive worsening of appetite" ], "offsets": [ [ 1558, 1633 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31992", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Pain-free survival and time to first cancer pain-related opioid intake" ], "offsets": [ [ 1697, 1767 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31993", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 2058, 2073 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31994", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ ", time to progression , and" ], "offsets": [ [ 2074, 2101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31995", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 2102, 2118 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31996", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "advanced gastric or gastroesophageal cancer adenocarcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 187 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31997", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "advanced gastric or gastroesophageal cancer ( AGGEC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 240, 293 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "31998", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "445" ], "offsets": [ [ 554, 557 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32000", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Application of tacrolimus and cyclosporine A in HBV-carrying renal transplant recipients ] . OBJECTIVE To compare the long-term effect and safety of tacrolimus ( FK506 ) and cyclosporine ( CsA ) in kidney transplant ( KT ) recipients carrying hepatitis B Virus ( HBV ) . METHODS A total of 109 patients with HBV were randomized into FK506 group ( 52 cases ) and CsA group ( 57 cases ) after KT , and a 2-year-long follow-up of the patients was conducted to record the patient and graft survival , incidence of acute graft rejection and postoperative liver function . RESULTS The 2-year patient/graft survival was 86.0 % /73.7 % and 94.2 % /90.3 % in CsA and FK506 groups , respectively ( P < 0.05 ) , with incidence of acute rejection of 10.5 % and 9.6 % ( P > 0.05 ) , and rate of abnormal liver function of 26.3 % and 15.4 % ( P < 0.05 ) , respectively . Eight patients ( 14.4 % ) in CsA group required a drug conversion but none in FK506 group . The drug conversion resulted in significant reduction of ALT/AST level from 255.13+/-31.38/201.88+/-21.25 U/L to 31.25+/-11.50/25.13+/-9.68 U/L ( P < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION For HBV-carrying renal transplant recipients , FK506 as the primary choice of immunosuppressant can be more effective and safer than CsA ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1259 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32001", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tacrolimus" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32002", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclosporine A" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32003", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tacrolimus ( FK506 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32004", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclosporine ( CsA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 176, 196 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32005", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "FK506" ], "offsets": [ [ 164, 169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32006", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CsA" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 194 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32007", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "FK506" ], "offsets": [ [ 164, 169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32008", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "patient and graft survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 470, 496 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32009", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of acute graft rejection" ], "offsets": [ [ 499, 533 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32010", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "postoperative liver function" ], "offsets": [ [ 538, 566 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32011", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "2-year patient/graft survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 581, 610 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32012", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "acute rejection" ], "offsets": [ [ 721, 736 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32013", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "abnormal liver function" ], "offsets": [ [ 784, 807 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32014", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ALT/AST level" ], "offsets": [ [ 1008, 1021 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32015", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HBV-carrying renal transplant recipients" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 90 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32016", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "kidney transplant ( KT ) recipients carrying hepatitis B Virus ( HBV ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 272 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32017", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "109 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 292, 304 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32018", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HBV-carrying renal transplant recipients" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 90 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32020", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Effect of electroacununcture on sex hormone levels in patients with Sjögren 's syndrome ] . OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of electroacupuncture ( EA ) on serum testosterone ( T ) , estradiol ( F2 ) , luteotropic hormone ( LH ) , follicle-stimulating hormone ( FSH ) , progesterone ( P ) , and prolactin ( PRL ) in patients with Sjögren 's Syndrome ( SS ) in order to analyze the correlation between the adjustment effect of EA and changes of hormone levels . METHODS Fifty-seven middle-aged and old women with SS were divided into medication group ( n=27 ) and acupuncture group ( n=30 ) . Patients in acupuncture group were treated with EA ( 80 Hz , 2.5 mA ) of Shenshu ( BL 23 ) , Taixi ( KI 3 ) , Hegu ( LI 4 ) , etc . for 30 min , once every other day , and those of medication group were treated with oral administration of hydroxyl-chloroquine ( 6 mg/kg per day ) , oral transfer agent liquid , Vit B1 , Vit B2 , Vit C , fish-liver oil , one tablet/time , t.i.d. , and pilocarpine ( 20 mg/d ) , continuously for 2 months . Venous blood samples were collected before and after the treatment to examine contents of the abovementioned sex hormones by using electro-chemiluminescent immunoassay ( CLIA ) . RESULTS ( 1 ) Before the treatment , no significant differences were found between two groups in the levels of serum T , E2 , LH , FSH , P and PRL ( P > 0.05 ) . After the treatment , self-comparison of each group showed that serum EF and T contents in acupuncture group increased significantly ( P < 0.01 ) and serum LH content decreased significantly ( P < 0.01 ) ; while in medication group , only serum LH decreased markedly ( P < 0.05 ) in comparison with its basic value of pretreatment . No significant changes were found in serum P , FSH and PRL levels in both groups after the treatment ( P > 0.05 ) . The results suggested that the therapeutic effect of acupuncture group was better than that of medication group in regulating multiple sex hormones . CONCLUSION EA can effectively adjust E2 , T and LH levels in Sjögren 's Syndrome patients and improve most patients ' clinical symptoms , and the therapeutic effect of EA is better than that of medication ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2179 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32021", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "electroacununcture" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32022", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum testosterone" ], "offsets": [ [ 158, 176 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32024", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of liquid-polish coating on in vivo biofilm accumulation on provisional restorations : part 1 . OBJECTIVE Biofilm accumulation on provisional restorations may affect the surrounding tissues ' integrity . The purpose of this study was to test in vivo biofilm formation on polymethyl methacrylate ( PMMA ) self-cured acrylic resin provisional crowns . METHOD AND MATERIALS Three types of PMMA surfaces were tested : ( 1 ) polished , ( 2 ) polished and coated with bonding agent , and ( 3 ) polished and coated with light-cured liquid polish . After 12 hours in the oral cavity , the crown was removed and examined by confocal laser scanning microscope ( CLSM ) and scanning electron microscope ( SEM ) . RESULTS Biofilm , 250 Mum thick , was observed with CLSM on the polished acrylic surface . Significantly less bacterial accumulation was observed on the crowns coated with bonding agent , whereas no biofilm was observed on the crowns coated with liquid polish ( P < .001 ) . SEM examination confirmed these findings . CONCLUSIONS Bonding resin or liquid polish coatings significantly reduce early biofilm formation , which in turn might affect the overall plaque accumulation on provisional restorations ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1214 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32025", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "liquid-polish coating" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32026", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "polymethyl methacrylate ( PMMA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 278, 310 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32027", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "self-cured acrylic resin provisional crowns" ], "offsets": [ [ 311, 354 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32028", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "crown" ], "offsets": [ [ 348, 353 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32029", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "confocal laser scanning microscope" ], "offsets": [ [ 622, 656 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32030", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "scanning electron microscope" ], "offsets": [ [ 670, 698 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32031", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "in vivo biofilm accumulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32032", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Biofilm accumulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32033", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "provisional restorations" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32034", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Biofilm , 250 Mum thick" ], "offsets": [ [ 717, 740 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32035", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bacterial accumulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 819, 841 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32036", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "biofilm" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32037", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "biofilm formation" ], "offsets": [ [ 257, 274 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32038", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "provisional restorations :" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32039", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "polymethyl methacrylate ( PMMA ) self-cured acrylic resin provisional crowns ." ], "offsets": [ [ 278, 356 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32041", "type": "document", "text": [ "Eight in-office tooth whitening systems evaluated in vivo : a pilot study . This in vivo pilot study evaluated eight products with hydrogen peroxide ( HP ) concentrations ranging from 15 % to 35 % . The treatment contact time varied from 15 minutes to 60 minutes . Patients were evaluated for color at baseline , immediately after treatment and at one , two , four and six weeks after treatment using a colorimeter , shade guide and photos . All eight products were effective in bleaching teeth . Colorimeter data for deltaE immediately after treatment was 6.77 . At one and six weeks after bleaching , there were 51 % and 65 % reductions in deltaE , respectively ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 665 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32042", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Eight in-office tooth whitening systems" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32043", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "eight products with hydrogen peroxide ( HP ) concentrations ranging from 15 % to 35 % ." ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 198 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32044", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "colorimeter , shade guide and photos" ], "offsets": [ [ 403, 439 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32045", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bleaching teeth ." ], "offsets": [ [ 479, 496 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32046", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bleaching" ], "offsets": [ [ 479, 488 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32047", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "deltaE" ], "offsets": [ [ 518, 524 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32049", "type": "document", "text": [ "Predictors of incident depression after hip fracture surgery . OBJECTIVE Depression after hip fracture surgery is prevalent and associated with increased mortality rates and impaired functional recovery . The incidence of new-onset depressive symptoms in patients initially not depressed after hip fracture surgery and their relationship with functional recovery is unknown . METHODS A cohort of 139 nondepressed elderly patients ( > 60 years ) hospitalized for hip fracture surgery were followed up for six months . Clinically significant depressive symptoms were defined as a score of 7 or more on the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale . RESULTS The authors found a cumulative incidence rate of 20.5 % adjusted for dropouts . Multiple Cox-regression analyses yielded the presence of subthreshold symptoms of depression , anxiety , pain , and cognitive impairment at baseline , the premorbid level of mobility , and a history of ( treated ) depression as risk factors for incident depression ( p < 0.05 ) . A forward , conditional procedure identified postoperative pain ( hazard ratio [ HR ] = 1.32 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : 1.14-1.53 , Wald chi ( 2 ) = 13.57 , df = 1 , p < 0.001 ) and baseline anxiety ( HR = 1.25 , 95 % CI : 1.08-1.44 , Wald chi ( 2 ) = 8.86 , df = 1 , p = 0.003 ) as the strongest independent risk factors . Incident depression was associated with a less favorable outcome at 3 months follow-up . CONCLUSION This exploratory study identified two treatable baseline characteristics that predicted incident depression in nondepressed patients after hip-fracture surgery ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1603 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32050", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "hip fracture surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32051", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "hip fracture surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32052", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "hip fracture surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32053", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "incident depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32054", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "15-item Geriatric Depression Scale ." ], "offsets": [ [ 604, 640 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32055", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "cumulative incidence rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 669, 694 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32056", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "depression , anxiety" ], "offsets": [ [ 811, 831 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32057", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 834, 838 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32058", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "cognitive impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 845, 865 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32059", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "depression as risk factors for incident depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 943, 993 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32060", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "postoperative pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1054, 1072 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32061", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "baseline anxiety" ], "offsets": [ [ 1200, 1216 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32062", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Incident depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1342, 1361 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32063", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "incident depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32064", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hip fracture" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32065", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "139" ], "offsets": [ [ 396, 399 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32066", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "elderly" ], "offsets": [ [ 413, 420 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32067", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "> 60 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 432, 442 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32068", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hip fracture" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32069", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hip-fracture" ], "offsets": [ [ 1581, 1593 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32071", "type": "document", "text": [ "A randomized , controlled trial of a home-based intervention program for children with autism and developmental delay . OBJECTIVE This study aimed to ( 1 ) investigate whether provision of a home-based program in addition to a center-based program improves development in young children with disabilities and coping abilities of their families and ( 2 ) describe the characteristics of children and families who benefit most from the intervention . METHODS Fifty-nine children , aged 3-5 years , with no cerebral palsy , participated in the study . Half of the group was randomized to receive an additional program in their homes . A special education teacher provided 40 visits over 12 months working with the families to help generalize skills to the home environment and assist with their concerns . All children were assessed before and after the intervention , and families completed questionnaires assessing family stress , support , and empowerment on both occasions . Differences in change over time and between the intervention and control group were analyzed by repeated measures and the association between characteristics of children and families with improved outcome by multivariate analysis of variance . RESULTS Change in cognitive development and behavior ( in the centers ) over time favored the children who received the extra intervention ( p = .007 and p = .007 , respectively ) . The groups did not differ on any of the family measures of change . Multivariate analysis of variance revealed more improvement for children in the intervention group from higher than lower stressed families . CONCLUSIONS Results suggest the need for daily reinforcement of skills learned at the center-based program and the importance of involving families , especially those with few resources and relatively high stress ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1826 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32072", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "home-based intervention program" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32073", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "home-based program in addition to a center-based program" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 247 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32074", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "additional program in their homes" ], "offsets": [ [ 596, 629 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32075", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "family stress , support , and empowerment" ], "offsets": [ [ 914, 955 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32076", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Change in cognitive development and behavior" ], "offsets": [ [ 1228, 1272 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32077", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "family measures of change" ], "offsets": [ [ 1442, 1467 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32078", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism and developmental delay" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32079", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "young children" ], "offsets": [ [ 272, 286 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32080", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Fifty-nine" ], "offsets": [ [ 457, 467 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32081", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "aged 3-5 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 479, 493 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32083", "type": "document", "text": [ "Should snacks be recommended in obesity treatment ? A 1-year randomized clinical trial . OBJECTIVE To study the effect to recommend no snacks vs three snacks per day on 1-year weight loss . The hypothesis was that it is easier to control energy intake and lose weight if snacks in between meals are omitted . SUBJECTS/METHOD In total 140 patients ( 36 men , 104 women ) , aged 18-60 years and body mass index > 30 kg/m ( 2 ) were randomized and 93 patients ( 27 men , 66 women ) completed the study . A 1-year randomized intervention trial was conducted with two treatment arms with different eating frequencies ; 3 meals/day ( 3M ) or 3 meals and 3 snacks/day ( 3+3M ) . The patients received regular and individualized counseling by dieticians . Information on eating patterns , dietary intake , weight and metabolic variables was collected at baseline and after 1 year . RESULTS Over 1 year the 3M group reported a decrease in the number of snacks whereas the 3+3M group reported an increase ( -1.1 vs +0.4 snacks/day , respectively , P < 0.0001 ) . Both groups decreased energy intake and E % ( energy percent ) fat and increased E % protein and fiber intake but there was no differences between the groups . Both groups lost weight , but there was no significant difference in weight loss after 1 year of treatment ( 3M vs 3+3M=-4.1+/-6.1 vs -5.9+/-9.4 kg ; P=0.31 ) . Changes in metabolic variables did not differ between the groups , except for high-density lipoprotein that increased in the 3M group but not in 3+3M group ( P < 0.033 for group difference ) . CONCLUSION Recommending snacks or not between meals does not influence 1-year weight loss ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1658 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32084", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "snacks" ], "offsets": [ [ 7, 13 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32085", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "no snacks" ], "offsets": [ [ 132, 141 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32086", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "three snacks" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 157 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32087", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "3 meals/day ( 3M )" ], "offsets": [ [ 614, 632 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32088", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "3 meals and 3 snacks/day" ], "offsets": [ [ 636, 660 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32089", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "3M" ], "offsets": [ [ 628, 630 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32090", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "3+3M" ], "offsets": [ [ 663, 667 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32091", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "3M" ], "offsets": [ [ 628, 630 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32092", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "3+3M=-4.1+/-6.1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1328, 1343 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32093", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "3M" ], "offsets": [ [ 628, 630 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32094", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "3+3M" ], "offsets": [ [ 663, 667 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32095", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Information on eating patterns" ], "offsets": [ [ 748, 778 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32096", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "dietary intake" ], "offsets": [ [ 781, 795 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32097", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weight" ], "offsets": [ [ 176, 182 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32098", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "metabolic variables" ], "offsets": [ [ 809, 828 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32099", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "number of snacks" ], "offsets": [ [ 934, 950 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32100", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "energy intake" ], "offsets": [ [ 238, 251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32101", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "E % protein and fiber intake" ], "offsets": [ [ 1134, 1162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32102", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "lost weight" ], "offsets": [ [ 1225, 1236 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32103", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "weight loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 176, 187 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32104", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "metabolic variables" ], "offsets": [ [ 809, 828 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32105", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "high-density lipoprotein" ], "offsets": [ [ 1452, 1476 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32106", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "1-year weight loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 187 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32107", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "obesity" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32108", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "140 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 346 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32109", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "36" ], "offsets": [ [ 349, 351 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32110", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32111", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "104" ], "offsets": [ [ 358, 361 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32112", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 362, 367 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32113", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "18-60" ], "offsets": [ [ 377, 382 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32114", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "93 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 445, 456 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32115", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "27" ], "offsets": [ [ 459, 461 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32116", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32117", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "66" ], "offsets": [ [ 468, 470 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32118", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 362, 367 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32120", "type": "document", "text": [ "Multitomographic evaluation of the dental effects of two different rapid palatal expansion appliances . Rapid palatal expansion ( RPE ) is widely used in the treatment of transverse maxillary deficiencies . Generally , there are two types of RPE appliances : banded and bonded expanders . The purpose of this prospective study was to compare the dental effects of banded and bonded appliances . The study consisted of 23 patients ( 13 females and 10 males ) with a bilateral maxillary deficiency . Twelve patients ( seven females and five males ) with a mean age of 14.8 +/- 0.3 years were treated with banded RPE and 11 patients ( six females and five males ) with a mean age of 15.1 +/- 0.7 years with bonded RPE . Multitomographic radiographs were taken before ( T0 ) and at the end ( T1 ) of expansion while the patients were wearing an acrylic mandibular appliance in which ball bearings and bars were embedded . Statistical analyses of the measurements at T0 and T1 were undertaken with a paired t-test , and the difference between the groups assesed with a Student 's t-test . In both groups , the angle between the radiographic image of the bar and the axial inclination of the upper first premolar and molar teeth was ( 5.34 and 2.73 degrees for the right premolars , 5.17 and 2.28 degrees for the left premolars , 11.83 and 3.73 degrees for the right molars , and 9.75 and 5.64 degrees for the left molars in the banded and bonded groups , respectively . The distance from the vestibular cortical plate to the palatal root of these teeth ( 1.17 and 1.23 mm for the right premolars , 2.46 and 1.09 mm for the left premolars , 2.75 and 0.64 mm for the right molars , 2.23 and 0.96 mm for the left molars in the banded and bonded groups , respectively ) increased ( both P < 0.01 ) . These increases indicated buccal tipping of the teeth . Comparison of the two groups showed that tipping of the first molar and premolar teeth in the banded group was significantly more than in the bonded group ( P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 , respectively ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2045 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32121", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "rapid palatal expansion appliances" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32122", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Rapid palatal expansion ( RPE )" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32123", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "RPE appliances : banded and bonded expanders" ], "offsets": [ [ 242, 286 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32124", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "banded and bonded appliances" ], "offsets": [ [ 364, 392 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32125", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "banded RPE" ], "offsets": [ [ 603, 613 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32126", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "bonded RPE" ], "offsets": [ [ 704, 714 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32127", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "dental effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32128", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "dental effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32129", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "angle between the radiographic image of the bar and the axial inclination of the upper first premolar and molar teeth" ], "offsets": [ [ 1105, 1222 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32130", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "distance from the vestibular cortical plate to the palatal root of these teeth" ], "offsets": [ [ 1469, 1547 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32131", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "buccal tipping" ], "offsets": [ [ 1817, 1831 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32132", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tipping of the first molar and premolar teeth" ], "offsets": [ [ 1888, 1933 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32133", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "transverse maxillary deficiencies ." ], "offsets": [ [ 171, 206 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32134", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "23 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 418, 429 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32135", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "13" ], "offsets": [ [ 432, 434 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32136", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "females" ], "offsets": [ [ 435, 442 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32137", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "10" ], "offsets": [ [ 447, 449 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32138", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "males" ], "offsets": [ [ 437, 442 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32139", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Twelve patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 498, 513 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32140", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "seven" ], "offsets": [ [ 516, 521 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32141", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "females" ], "offsets": [ [ 435, 442 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32142", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "five" ], "offsets": [ [ 534, 538 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32143", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "males" ], "offsets": [ [ 437, 442 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32144", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "mean age of 14.8 +/- 0.3 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 554, 584 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32145", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "11 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 618, 629 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32146", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "six" ], "offsets": [ [ 632, 635 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32147", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "females" ], "offsets": [ [ 435, 442 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32148", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "five" ], "offsets": [ [ 534, 538 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32149", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "males" ], "offsets": [ [ 437, 442 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32150", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "mean age of 15.1 +/- 0.7 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 668, 698 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32152", "type": "document", "text": [ "Clinical application of C-reactive protein across the spectrum of acute coronary syndromes . BACKGROUND High-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hsCRP ) is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in acute coronary syndromes ( ACS ) . The ability to formulate recommendations regarding clinical use of hsCRP is limited by a paucity of data regarding several key issues . The purpose of this study was to evaluate hsCRP across the spectrum of ACS . METHODS hsCRP was measured on admission in 3225 patients with ACS . hsCRP concentrations were compared in patients who suffered an adverse cardiac outcome within 10 months of study entry and in patients who had no adverse event . Because of heterogeneity in the relationship between hsCRP and clinical outcomes , evaluation was limited to patients from whom samples were collected within 48 h of symptom onset . RESULTS Patients in the highest quartile of hsCRP compared to those in the lowest quartile were at increased risk of death at 30 days [ adjusted hazard ratio ( adjHR ) 4.6 , P < 0.001 ] and 10 months ( adjHR 3.9 , P < 0.001 ) . In patients with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) , hsCRP > 3 mg/L was associated with increased 10-month mortality ( adjHR 2.3 , P = 0.002 ) , whereas in STEMI a relationship with mortality was seen at hsCRP > 10 mg/L ( adjHR 3.0 , P = 0.008 ) . Increased concentrations of hsCRP were strongly associated with the development of heart failure at 30 days ( adjHR 8.2 , P = 0.001 ) and 10 months ( adjHR 2.6 , P = 0.014 ) . CONCLUSION Increased baseline concentrations of hsCRP are strongly associated with mortality and heart failure across the ACS spectrum . hsCRP measurement should be performed early after presentation and index diagnosis-specific cutpoints should be used ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1802 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32153", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "C-reactive protein" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32154", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "High-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hsCRP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 149 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32155", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hsCRP" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32156", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hsCRP" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32157", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hsCRP" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32158", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hsCRP" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32159", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hsCRP" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32160", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hsCRP" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32161", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hsCRP" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32162", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hsCRP" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32163", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hsCRP" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32164", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hsCRP" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32165", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hsCRP concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 520, 540 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32166", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "risk of death" ], "offsets": [ [ 973, 986 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32167", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hsCRP" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32168", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1454, 1467 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32169", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "baseline concentrations of hsCRP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1568, 1600 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32170", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1230, 1239 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32171", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1454, 1467 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32173", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of alfuzosin 10 mg once daily on sexual function in men treated for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia . We evaluated the effects of extended-release alfuzosin HCl 10 mg once daily ( q.d . ) on sexual function in men with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) . In a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study of men aged > or = 50 years , after a 28-day placebo run-in period , patients were randomized to receive alfuzosin 10 mg q.d . or matching placebo for 28 days . The mean change from baseline ( day 1 ) in sexual function on day 29 was assessed using the Danish Prostate Symptom Score Sex ( DAN-PSSsex ) questionnaire . A total of 372 patients were randomized to receive alfuzosin ( n=186 ) or placebo ( n=186 ) , with 355 completing the study . At baseline , 64 % of the patients reported erectile dysfunction ( ED ) and 63 % reported ejaculatory dysfunction ( EjD ) . For the 320 patients who completed the DAN-PSSsex , alfuzosin treatment was associated with a significant improvement in the mean change from baseline in erectile function on day 29 compared with placebo ( P=0.02 ) . No significant difference was observed between the two treatment groups in the mean change from baseline in ejaculatory function on day 29 . For patients with ED at baseline , a marginal improvement in erectile function was demonstrated with alfuzosin treatment ( P=0.09 vs placebo ) . For patients with EjD at baseline , the mean change from baseline in ejaculatory function with alfuzosin was comparable to that with placebo . Dizziness was the most common adverse event with alfuzosin treatment ( 5 vs 0 % with placebo ) , with other adverse events reported with comparable frequency in both treatment groups . After 1 month of treatment , alfuzosin 10 mg q.d . significantly improved erectile function in men with lower urinary tract symptoms/ benign prostatic hypertrophy and had no adverse effect on ejaculatory function ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1991 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32174", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "alfuzosin" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32175", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "alfuzosin" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32176", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 353, 371 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32177", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "alfuzosin" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32178", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "or matching placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 505, 524 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32179", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "alfuzosin" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32180", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 353, 360 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32181", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sexual function" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32182", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sexual function" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32183", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "erectile dysfunction ( ED )" ], "offsets": [ [ 866, 893 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32184", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ejaculatory dysfunction ( EjD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 912, 943 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32185", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean change from baseline in erectile function" ], "offsets": [ [ 1071, 1117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32186", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean change from baseline in ejaculatory function" ], "offsets": [ [ 1242, 1291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32187", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "erectile function" ], "offsets": [ [ 1100, 1117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32188", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ejaculatory function" ], "offsets": [ [ 1271, 1291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32189", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Dizziness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1592, 1601 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32190", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "erectile function" ], "offsets": [ [ 1100, 1117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32191", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32192", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 116 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32193", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32194", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "lower urinary tract symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 236, 264 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32195", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH )" ], "offsets": [ [ 281, 317 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32196", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32197", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "aged > or = 50 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 385, 405 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32198", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "372" ], "offsets": [ [ 707, 710 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32199", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "erectile dysfunction ( ED )" ], "offsets": [ [ 866, 893 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32200", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ejaculatory dysfunction ( EjD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 912, 943 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32202", "type": "document", "text": [ "Sodium bicarbonate , N-acetylcysteine , and saline for prevention of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy . A comparison of 3 regimens for protecting contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary procedures . A single-center prospective controlled trial . BACKGROUND Several protective therapies have been developed to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy ( CIN ) . We aimed to investigate the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate by comparing 2 other regimens , including combination of N-acetylcysteine ( NAC ) plus sodium chloride and sodium chloride alone , to prevent CIN in patients undergoing cardiovascular procedures . METHODS We prospectively enrolled 264 patients who were scheduled for cardiovascular procedures and had a baseline creatinine level > 1.2 mg/dL . The patients were assigned 1 of 3 prophylactic regimens : infusion of sodium bicarbonate , sodium chloride , sodium chloride plus oral NAC ( 600 mg bid ) . Contrast-induced nephropathy was defined as an increase in serum creatinine level > 25 % or 0.5 mg/dL after 48 hours . RESULTS There were no significant differences among groups regarding baseline demographic properties and nephropathy risk factors . The change in creatinine clearance was significantly better in the sodium bicarbonate group than other 2 groups ( P = .007 ) . The incidence of CIN was significantly lower in the sodium bicarbonate group ( 4.5 % ) compared with sodium chloride alone ( 13.6 % , P = .036 ) and tended to be lower than in the combination group ( 12.5 % , P = .059 ) . After adjusting the Mehran nephropathy risk score , the risk of CIN significantly reduced with sodium bicarbonate compared with sodium chloride alone ( adjusted risk ratio 0.29 , P = .043 ) . CONCLUSIONS Hydration with sodium bicarbonate provides better protection against CIN than the sodium chloride infusion does alone . Combination therapy of NAC plus sodium chloride did not offer additional benefit over hydration with sodium chloride alone ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1984 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32203", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Sodium bicarbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 18 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32204", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "N-acetylcysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32205", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "saline" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32206", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sodium bicarbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 418, 436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32207", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "combination of N-acetylcysteine ( NAC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 479, 518 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32208", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sodium chloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 524, 539 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32209", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sodium chloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 524, 539 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32210", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sodium bicarbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 418, 436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32211", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sodium chloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 524, 539 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32212", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sodium chloride plus oral NAC" ], "offsets": [ [ 889, 918 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32213", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sodium bicarbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 418, 436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32214", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sodium bicarbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 418, 436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32215", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sodium chloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 524, 539 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32216", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "combination" ], "offsets": [ [ 479, 490 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32217", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sodium bicarbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 418, 436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32218", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sodium chloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 524, 539 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32219", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sodium bicarbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 418, 436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32220", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sodium chloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 524, 539 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32221", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Combination therapy of NAC plus sodium chloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 1860, 1907 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32222", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sodium chloride alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 544, 565 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32223", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "radiocontrast-induced nephropathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32224", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "contrast-induced nephropathy ( CIN ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 339, 377 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32225", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Contrast-induced nephropathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 936, 964 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32226", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "increase in serum creatinine level > 25 %" ], "offsets": [ [ 983, 1024 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32227", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nephropathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32228", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "risk factors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1172, 1184 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32229", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32230", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "change in creatinine clearance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1191, 1221 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32231", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "incidence of CIN" ], "offsets": [ [ 1318, 1334 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32232", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Mehran nephropathy risk score" ], "offsets": [ [ 1556, 1585 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32233", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "risk of CIN" ], "offsets": [ [ 1592, 1603 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32234", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CIN" ], "offsets": [ [ 370, 373 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32235", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "radiocontrast-induced nephropathy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 104 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32237", "type": "document", "text": [ "A 1.5-year follow-up of an Internet-based intervention for complicated grief . Only recently have psychotherapeutic interventions for complicated grief been developed and evaluated in randomized controlled trials . These trials have reported significant reductions in complicated grief and related symptoms in response to treatment relative to control groups . However , little is known about the long-term outcomes of these treatments . The authors present an evaluation of a 1.5-year follow-up of an Internet-based cognitive-behavioral intervention for complicated grief . Treatment group patients ( n = 22 ) were administered various assessments of complicated grief indicators , including the Impact of Event Scale , the anxiety and depression subscales of the Brief Symptom Inventory , and the SF-12 . Results indicate that the reduction in symptoms of complicated grief observed at posttreatment was maintained at 1.5-year follow-up ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 940 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32238", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Internet-based intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32239", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "psychotherapeutic interventions" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32240", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control groups" ], "offsets": [ [ 344, 358 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32241", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Internet-based cognitive-behavioral intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 502, 550 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32242", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Impact of Event Scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 697, 718 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32243", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "anxiety and depression subscales of the Brief Symptom Inventory , and the SF-12 ." ], "offsets": [ [ 725, 806 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32244", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "symptoms of complicated grief" ], "offsets": [ [ 846, 875 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32245", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "22" ], "offsets": [ [ 606, 608 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32247", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Observation on therapeutic effect of acupuncture on early peripheral facial paralysis ] . OBJECTIVE To observe therapeutic effects of acupuncture at different opportunities on peripheral facial paralysis . METHODS Fifty-two cases were randomly divided into a treatment group ( n=28 ) and a control group ( n=24 ) . The treatment group at the acute stage ( 1-10 days ) were treated with acupuncture at Dicang ( ST 4 ) , Jiache ( ST 6 ) , Yangbai ( GB 14 ) , etc. , with less than 4 points selected on the face and with shallow puncture , and 10 days later electroacupuncture were added at acupoints selected routinely ; the control group were treated with the same methods as the treatment group but acupuncture was not given at the acute stage . RESULTS The cured rate of 78.6 % in the treatment group was significantly higher than 50.0 % in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Early acupuncture is a key for achieving the best therapeutic effect on facial paralysis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 978 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32248", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "acupuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32249", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "acupuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32250", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "acupuncture at Dicang ( ST 4 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 388, 418 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32251", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Jiache ( ST 6 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 421, 436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32252", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Yangbai ( GB 14 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 439, 456 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32253", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "with less than 4 points selected on the face and with shallow puncture , and 10 days later electroacupuncture were added at acupoints selected routinely ; the control group were treated with the same methods as the treatment group but acupuncture was not given at the acute stage" ], "offsets": [ [ 466, 745 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32254", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "acupuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32255", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "cured rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 760, 770 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32256", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "early peripheral facial paralysis ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32257", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "peripheral facial paralysis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 178, 207 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32258", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Fifty-two cases" ], "offsets": [ [ 216, 231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32259", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "facial paralysis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 207 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32261", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Effect of acupuncture on rehabilitation training of child 's autism ] . OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of acupuncture on rehabilitation training for children 's autism . METHODS Forty autistic children receiving rehabilitation training were divided into a control group and a treatment group , 20 cases in each group . The control group received rehabilitation training including ABA training , the Conductive Education Approach and the training of sensory integration , about 90 sessions for each training ; the treatment group received acupuncture treatment for 60-90 sessions after the rehabilitation training . Their results were detected by the revised Chinese version of Psycho-Educational Profile for autistic and developmentally disabled children ( C-PEP ) . RESULTS The markedly effective rate was 55.0 % in the treatment group and 15.0 % in the control group with a very significant difference between the two groups ( P < 0.01 ) ; the differences before and after training in some projects such as the total score of development , imitation , oral cognition in the treatment group were very significantly different from those in the control group ( P < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION Acupuncture combined with scientific and effective rehabilitation training has a better therapeutic effect than that of the simple rehabilitation training for child 's autism ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1363 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32262", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "acupuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 23 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32263", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "acupuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 23 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32264", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "rehabilitation training including ABA training , the Conductive Education Approach and the training of sensory integration" ], "offsets": [ [ 349, 471 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32265", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "acupuncture treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 541, 562 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32266", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "after the rehabilitation training" ], "offsets": [ [ 582, 615 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32267", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Acupuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 1187, 1198 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32268", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "scientific and effective rehabilitation training" ], "offsets": [ [ 1213, 1261 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32269", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "simple rehabilitation training" ], "offsets": [ [ 1311, 1341 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32270", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "revised Chinese version of Psycho-Educational Profile for autistic and developmentally disabled children ( C-PEP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 653, 767 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32271", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 791, 805 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32272", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "total score of development , imitation , oral cognition" ], "offsets": [ [ 1016, 1071 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32273", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "therapeutic effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 1275, 1293 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32274", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "child 's autism ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32275", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "children 's autism ." ], "offsets": [ [ 152, 172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32276", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "child 's autism ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1346, 1363 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32278", "type": "document", "text": [ "Fondaparinux combined with intermittent pneumatic compression vs. intermittent pneumatic compression alone for prevention of venous thromboembolism after abdominal surgery : a randomized , double-blind comparison . BACKGROUND The benefit of combined mechanical and pharmacologic methods for venous thromboembolism prevention after abdominal surgery has not been clearly established . OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy and safety of fondaparinux in conjunction with intermittent pneumatic compression vs. intermittent pneumatic compression alone in this context . PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled superiority trial . Patients aged at least 40 years undergoing abdominal surgery were randomized to receive either fondaparinux 2.5 mg or placebo s.c. for 5-9 days , starting 6-8 h postoperatively . All patients received intermittent pneumatic compression . The primary efficacy outcome was venous thromboembolism up to day 10 . The main safety outcomes were major bleeding and all-cause mortality . Follow-up lasted 32 days . RESULTS Of the 1309 patients randomized , 842 ( 64.3 % ) were evaluable for efficacy . The venous thromboembolism rate was 1.7 % ( 7/424 ) in the fondaparinux-treated patients and 5.3 % ( 22/418 ) in the placebo-treated patients ( odds ratio reduction 69.8 % ; 95 % confidence interval 27.9-87.3 ; P = 0.004 ) . Fondaparinux significantly reduced the proximal deep vein thrombosis rate from 1.7 % ( 7/417 ) to 0.2 % ( 1/424 ; P = 0.037 ) . Major bleeds occurred in 1.6 % ( 10/635 ) and 0.2 % ( 1/650 ) of fondaparinux-treated and placebo-treated patients , respectively ( P = 0.006 ) , none being fatal or involving a critical organ . By day 32 , eight patients ( 1.3 % ) receiving fondaparinux and five ( 0.8 % ) receiving placebo had died . CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing abdominal surgery and receiving intermittent pneumatic compression , fondaparinux 2.5 mg reduced the venous thromboembolism rate by 69.8 % as compared to pneumatic compression alone , with a low bleeding risk as compared to placebo ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2081 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32279", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Fondaparinux combined with intermittent pneumatic compression" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32280", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "intermittent pneumatic compression alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 106 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32281", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fondaparinux in conjunction with intermittent pneumatic compression" ], "offsets": [ [ 433, 500 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32282", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "intermittent pneumatic compression alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 106 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32283", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 624, 642 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32284", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fondaparinux" ], "offsets": [ [ 433, 445 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32285", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 624, 631 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32286", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "intermittent pneumatic compression" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32287", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fondaparinux-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1216, 1236 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32288", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1274, 1289 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32289", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Fondaparinux" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 12 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32290", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fondaparinux-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1216, 1236 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32291", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1274, 1289 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32292", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fondaparinux" ], "offsets": [ [ 433, 445 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32293", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 624, 631 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32294", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "intermittent pneumatic compression , fondaparinux" ], "offsets": [ [ 1880, 1929 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32295", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "pneumatic compression alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 106 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32296", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 624, 631 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32297", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "venous thromboembolism" ], "offsets": [ [ 125, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32298", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "venous thromboembolism" ], "offsets": [ [ 125, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32299", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 410, 418 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32300", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 423, 429 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32301", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "venous thromboembolism up to day 10 ." ], "offsets": [ [ 934, 971 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32302", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "major bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 1002, 1016 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32303", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "all-cause mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1021, 1040 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32304", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "venous thromboembolism rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1161, 1188 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32305", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "proximal deep vein thrombosis rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1421, 1455 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32306", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Major bleeds" ], "offsets": [ [ 1510, 1522 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32307", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "died" ], "offsets": [ [ 1806, 1810 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32308", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "venous thromboembolism" ], "offsets": [ [ 125, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32309", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "low bleeding risk" ], "offsets": [ [ 2039, 2056 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32310", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "venous thromboembolism after abdominal surgery :" ], "offsets": [ [ 125, 173 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32311", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "venous thromboembolism" ], "offsets": [ [ 125, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32312", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "after abdominal surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32313", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "Patients aged at least 40 years undergoing abdominal surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 663, 723 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32314", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients undergoing abdominal surgery and receiving intermittent pneumatic compression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1828, 1914 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32316", "type": "document", "text": [ "Statin treatment withdrawal in ischemic stroke : a controlled randomized study . BACKGROUND Pretreatment with statins has been shown to reduce brain injury in cerebral ischemia . In this controlled randomized study , we investigated the influence of statin pretreatment and its withdrawal on the outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients . METHODS From 215 patients admitted within 24 hours of a hemispheric ischemic stroke , 89 patients on chronic statin treatment were randomly assigned either to statin withdrawal for the first 3 days after admission ( n = 46 ) or to immediately receive atorvastatin 20 mg/day ( n = 43 ) . The primary outcome event was death or dependency ( modified Rankin Scale [ mRS ] score > 2 ) at 3 months . Early neurologic deterioration ( END ) and infarct volume at days 4 to 7 were secondary outcome variables . In a secondary analysis , outcome variables were compared with the nonrandomized patients without previous statin therapy ( n = 126 ) . RESULTS Patients with statin withdrawal showed a higher frequency of mRS score > 2 at the end of follow-up ( 60.0 % vs 39.0 % ; p = 0.043 ) , END ( 65.2 % vs 20.9 % ; p < 0.0001 ) , and greater infarct volume ( 74 [ 45 , 126 ] vs 26 [ 12 , 70 ] mL ; p = 0.002 ) compared with the non-statin-withdrawal group . Statin withdrawal was associated with a 4.66 ( 1.46 to 14.91 ) -fold increase in the risk of death or dependency , a 8.67 ( 3.05 to 24.63 ) -fold increase in the risk of END , and an increase in mean infarct volume of 37.63 mL ( SE 10.01 ; p < 0.001 ) after adjusting for age and baseline stroke severity . Compared with patients without previous treatment with statins , statin withdrawal was associated with a 19.01 ( 1.96 to 184.09 ) -fold increase in the risk of END and an increase in mean infarct volume of 43.51 mL ( SE 21.91 ; p = 0.048 ) . CONCLUSION Statin withdrawal is associated with increased risk of death or dependency at 90 days . Hence , this treatment should be continued in the acute phase of ischemic stroke ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2019 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32317", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Statin treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32318", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "statin pretreatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 250, 269 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32319", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "statin" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 116 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32320", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "statin" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 116 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32321", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "atorvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 591, 603 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32322", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Statin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 6 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32323", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 657, 662 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32324", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "dependency" ], "offsets": [ [ 666, 676 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32325", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "modified Rankin Scale [ mRS ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 679, 708 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32326", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Early neurologic deterioration ( END )" ], "offsets": [ [ 735, 773 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32327", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "infarct volume" ], "offsets": [ [ 778, 792 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32328", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mRS score" ], "offsets": [ [ 1048, 1057 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32329", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "infarct volume" ], "offsets": [ [ 778, 792 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32330", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 657, 662 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32331", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "dependency" ], "offsets": [ [ 666, 676 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32332", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "END" ], "offsets": [ [ 768, 771 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32333", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean infarct volume" ], "offsets": [ [ 1484, 1503 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32334", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "END" ], "offsets": [ [ 768, 771 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32335", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean infarct volume" ], "offsets": [ [ 1484, 1503 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32337", "type": "document", "text": [ "Are back supports plus education more effective than education alone in promoting recovery from low back pain ? : Results from a randomized clinical trial . STUDY DESIGN Randomized clinical trial . OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of a back support plus education versus education alone in promoting recovery from a work-related low back disorder ( WR-LBD ) while simultaneously considering personal , health , and occupational factors and the impact of occupational factors on recovery . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA No randomized studies of active industrial workers with low back disorders exist regarding the effectiveness of back supports plus education . METHODS A total of 433 actively employed hourly union workers who had a recent diagnosis of a WR-LBD : 1 ) those who wore a specially designed back support plus received education on back health ; and 2 ) those who received education on back health only . Demographic , health , medical , and occupational factors were obtained through interview or abstraction of computer files ; individual ergonomic exposures were measured with a lumbar motion monitor . Outcomes evaluated over a 12-month period included : self-reported measures of back pain , back pain disability level , physical health , mental health , and administrative measures of recurrence , lost work time , and medical care utilization . RESULTS There was no difference between the study groups with respect to mental or physical health , low back pain , back pain disability , neurogenic symptoms , lost work time , likelihood of recurrence of an episode of a back disorder , or other administrative measures of healthcare utilization or lost work time . However , significant decreases in low back pain , low back pain disability , neurogenic symptoms , and an increase in physical health were observed over the 12 months of observation in both study groups . The only occupational variable found to influence was plant group whereby service parts operations workers in the back support plus education group experienced a lower likelihood of WR-LBD recurrence . CONCLUSION Although there was no overall effect on self-reported recovery or administrative measures or lost work time between the study groups , a back support plus health education may have some value in preventing recurrent WR-LBD in industrial workers who work in psychosocial environments and perform manual material handling tasks similar to those found in parts distribution centers ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2487 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32338", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "back supports plus education" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32339", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "education alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32340", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "back support plus education" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 271 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32341", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "education alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32342", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "a specially designed back support plus received education on back health" ], "offsets": [ [ 789, 861 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32343", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "education on back health only ." ], "offsets": [ [ 891, 922 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32344", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "back support plus health education" ], "offsets": [ [ 2244, 2278 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32345", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "self-reported measures of back pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1177, 1212 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32346", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "back pain disability level , physical health" ], "offsets": [ [ 1215, 1259 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32347", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "mental health" ], "offsets": [ [ 1262, 1275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32348", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "administrative measures of recurrence , lost work time , and medical care utilization" ], "offsets": [ [ 1282, 1367 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32349", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "low back pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32350", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "neurogenic symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1510, 1529 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32351", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "likelihood of recurrence of an episode of a back disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 1549, 1606 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32352", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "WR-LBD recurrence" ], "offsets": [ [ 2076, 2093 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32353", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "low back pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32354", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "work-related low back disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 324, 354 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32355", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "WR-LBD" ], "offsets": [ [ 357, 363 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32356", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "active industrial workers" ], "offsets": [ [ 549, 574 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32357", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "low back disorders" ], "offsets": [ [ 580, 598 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32358", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "433" ], "offsets": [ [ 686, 689 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32360", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of the therapeutic efficacy of phonophoresis and iontophoresis using dexamethasone sodium phosphate in the management of patients with knee osteoarthritis . BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Many treatment options , including non-pharmacological and pharmacological measures , have been recommended in the management of osteoarthritis ( OA ) . Among the non-pharmacological approach is physiotherapy , which involves the use of physical modalities like , heat therapy , exercise therapy , electrical stimulation , therapeutic ultrasound , iontophoresis , and phonophoresis . This study was therefore designed to compare the effectiveness of 0.4 % Dexamethasone sodium phosphate ( DEX-P ) phonophoresis ( PH ) with 0.4 % DEX-P iontophoresis ( ION ) therapy in the management of patients with knee joint OA . METHODS Fifty patients ( 19 males and 31 females ) with a mean age of 53.6 +/- 8.9 years were randomly assigned to PH or ION groups with 25 patients in each group . Ultrasound waves of 1 MHz frequency was applied for 5 minutes to the target knee , so also was the direct current for 10 minutes for 10 sessions treatment period . Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index ( WOMAC ) scores , 20 meters ambulatory time , and knee range of motion ( ROM ) were evaluated before and after therapy as the outcome measures . RESULTS At the end of two weeks , significant improvement in total WOMAC scores was observed in 15 ( 60 % ) and 16 ( 64 % ) patients in the PH and ION groups respectively , indicating no significant difference in the improvement rate . Twenty ( 20 ) metres ambulatory time and knee range of motion also improved significantly in both groups , yet these variables showed no significant difference between the two groups . CONCLUSION Both therapeutic modalities were found to be effective and generally well tolerated after 10 treatment sessions . DEX-P phonophoresis was not superior to DEX-P iontophoresis in the treatment of patients with OA of the knee ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2001 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32361", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "phonophoresis" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32362", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "iontophoresis" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32363", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dexamethasone sodium phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32364", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Dexamethasone sodium phosphate ( DEX-P )" ], "offsets": [ [ 649, 689 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32365", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "phonophoresis ( PH )" ], "offsets": [ [ 690, 710 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32366", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "0.4 % DEX-P" ], "offsets": [ [ 716, 727 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32367", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "iontophoresis ( ION ) therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 728, 757 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32368", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "PH" ], "offsets": [ [ 706, 708 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32369", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ION" ], "offsets": [ [ 744, 747 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32370", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "DEX-P" ], "offsets": [ [ 682, 687 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32371", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "phonophoresis" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32372", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "DEX-P" ], "offsets": [ [ 682, 687 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32373", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "iontophoresis" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32374", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index ( WOMAC ) scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1138, 1215 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32375", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "20 meters ambulatory time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1218, 1243 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32376", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "knee range of motion ( ROM )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1250, 1278 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32377", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "WOMAC scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1412, 1424 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32378", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ambulatory time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1228, 1243 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32379", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "knee range of motion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1250, 1270 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32380", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with knee osteoarthritis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 132, 167 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32381", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with OA of the knee ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1971, 2001 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32383", "type": "document", "text": [ "Prevention of type 2 ( non-insulin-dependent ) diabetes mellitus by diet and physical exercise . The 6-year Malmö feasibility study . From a previously reported 5-year screening programme of 6,956 47-49-year-old Malmö males , a series of 41 subjects with early-stage Type 2 ( non-insulin-dependent ) diabetes mellitus and 181 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance were selected for prospective study and to test the feasibility aspect of long-term intervention with an emphasis on life-style changes . A 5-year protocol , including an initial 6-months ( randomised ) pilot study , consisting of dietary treatment and/or increase of physical activity or training with annual check-ups , was completed by 90 % of subjects . Body weight was reduced by 2.3-3.7 % among participants , whereas values increased by 0.5-1.7 % in non-intervened subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and in normal control subjects ( p less than 0.0001 ) ; maximal oxygen uptake ( ml.min-1.kg-1 ) was increased by 10-14 % vs decreased by 5-9 % , respectively ( p less than 0.0001 ) . Glucose tolerance was normalized in greater than 50 % of subjects with impaired glucose tolerance , the accumulated incidence of diabetes was 10.6 % , and more than 50 % of the diabetic patients were in remission after a mean follow-up of 6 years . Blood pressure , lipids , and hyperinsulinaemia were reduced and early insulin responsiveness to glucose loading preserved . Improvement in glucose tolerance was correlated to weight reduction ( r = 0.19 , p less than 0.02 ) and increased fitness ( r = 0.22 , p less than 0.02 ) . Treatment was safe , and mortality was low ( in fact 33 % lower than in the remainder of the cohort ) . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1732 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32384", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Body weight" ], "offsets": [ [ 725, 736 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32385", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "maximal oxygen uptake" ], "offsets": [ [ 936, 957 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32386", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Glucose tolerance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1063, 1080 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32387", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Blood pressure , lipids , and hyperinsulinaemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1312, 1359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32388", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "early insulin responsiveness to glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 1377, 1416 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32389", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "in glucose tolerance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1449, 1469 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32390", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weight reduction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1488, 1504 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32391", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "increased fitness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1541, 1558 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32392", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "type 2 ( non-insulin-dependent ) diabetes mellitus" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32394", "type": "document", "text": [ "Expectancies , not aroma , explain impact of lavender aromatherapy on psychophysiological indices of relaxation in young healthy women . OBJECTIVES In aromatherapy , lavender aroma is reputed to assist with relaxation . However , while there is much anecdotal evidence to that effect , the empirical literature is very inconsistent . Failure to employ adequate placebos , proper blinding , objective measures , or screening of prior beliefs about aromatherapy means that many previous findings could have been influenced by expectancy biases . The present study sought to establish whether lavender aroma and/or expectancies affect post-stress relaxation . DESIGN A double-blind , 3 ( aroma ) x 3 ( instruction ) x 10 ( time in minutes ) mixed-factorial placebo-controlled trial . METHOD In a laboratory , 96 healthy undergraduate women were exposed to lavender , placebo , or no aroma during physiologically assessed relaxation after an arousing cognitive task . Where an aroma was presented , an instructional priming procedure was used to manipulate participants ' expectancies about the aroma 's likely impact on their ability to relax . RESULTS Results showed no effect of aroma on galvanic skin response during relaxation . However , the nature of instructional prime was associated with relaxation patterns : when expecting the aroma to inhibit them , participants relaxed more ; when expecting facilitation , participants relaxed less . The effect was not seen with regard to self-reported relaxation ( as represented by changes in state anxiety ) and was independent of ratings of attitudes towards aromatherapy . CONCLUSIONS The findings imply that the previous associations of lavender aroma with assisted relaxation may have been influenced by expectancy biases , and that the relevant expectancies are easily manipulable ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1835 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32395", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lavender aromatherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32396", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aromatherapy , lavender aroma" ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 180 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32397", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebos" ], "offsets": [ [ 361, 369 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32398", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lavender aroma" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32399", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "mixed-factorial placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 738, 772 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32400", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "exposed to lavender" ], "offsets": [ [ 842, 861 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32401", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 361, 368 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32402", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "cognitive task" ], "offsets": [ [ 947, 961 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32403", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "lavender aroma" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32404", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "aroma on galvanic skin response" ], "offsets": [ [ 1178, 1209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32405", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "relaxation patterns" ], "offsets": [ [ 1294, 1313 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32406", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "relaxed" ], "offsets": [ [ 1372, 1379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32407", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "relaxed" ], "offsets": [ [ 1372, 1379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32408", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "self-reported relaxation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1484, 1508 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32409", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "attitudes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1590, 1599 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32410", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "young" ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 120 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32411", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32412", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32413", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "96" ], "offsets": [ [ 806, 808 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32414", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32415", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 134 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32417", "type": "document", "text": [ "Small-diameter hysteroscopy with Versapoint versus resectoscopy with a unipolar knife for the treatment of septate uterus : a prospective randomized study . STUDY OBJECTIVE To compare 2 procedures for metroplasty : resectoscopy with monopolar knife versus small-diameter hysteroscopy fitted with a Versapoint device . DESIGN Prospective randomized study ( Canadian Task Force classification I ) . SETTING Endoscopic gynecology units at tertiary care university hospitals . PATIENTS One hundred-sixty patients with septate uterus and a history of recurrent abortion or primary infertility undergoing hysteroscopic metroplasty from 2001 to 2005 . INTERVENTIONS Hysteroscopic resection of the uterine septum performed with either a 26F resectoscope with unipolar knife ( 80 women , group A ) or a 5-mm diameter hysteroscope with Versapoint device ( 80 women , group B ) . All patients were managed expectantly , with follow-up lasting 1 year . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Operative parameters ( operative time , fluid absorption , complications , need for second intervention ) and reproductive outcome parameters ( pregnancy , abortion , term and preterm delivery , modality of delivery , cervical cerclage ) were measured . Operative time and fluid absorption were significantly greater in group A than in group B ( 23.4 +/- 5.7 vs 16.9 +/- 4.7 minutes and 486.4 +/- 170.0 vs 222.1 +/- 104.9 mL , respectively ) . The cumulative complication rate was significantly lower in group B than in group A . No difference in any of the reproductive parameters was observed between the 2 groups : pregnancy and delivery rates were 70 % and 81.6 % in group A vs 76.9 % and 84 % in group B . Nine women ( 18.4 % ) from group B and 8 women ( 16 % ) from group B experienced spontaneous abortions . Most patients ( 54/82 ) delivered by cesarean section without differences according to the hysteroscopic technique used for metroplasty ( 65 % in group A vs 67.7 % in group B ) or to the gestational age ( 65.1 % of term and 68.7 % of preterm deliveries ) . CONCLUSIONS Small-diameter hysteroscopy with bipolar electrode for the incision of uterine septum is as effective as resectoscopy with unipolar electrode regarding reproductive outcome and is associated with shorter operating time and lower complication rate ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2304 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32418", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Small-diameter hysteroscopy with Versapoint" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32419", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "resectoscopy with a unipolar knife" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32420", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "resectoscopy with monopolar knife" ], "offsets": [ [ 215, 248 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32421", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "small-diameter hysteroscopy fitted with a Versapoint device" ], "offsets": [ [ 256, 315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32422", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Hysteroscopic" ], "offsets": [ [ 659, 672 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32423", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "26F resectoscope with unipolar knife" ], "offsets": [ [ 729, 765 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32424", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "5-mm diameter hysteroscope with Versapoint device" ], "offsets": [ [ 794, 843 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32425", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "hysteroscopy" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32426", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "resectoscopy" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32427", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "operative time" ], "offsets": [ [ 994, 1008 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32428", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fluid absorption" ], "offsets": [ [ 1011, 1027 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32429", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 1030, 1043 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32430", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "need for second intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 1046, 1074 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32431", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pregnancy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1115, 1124 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32432", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "abortion" ], "offsets": [ [ 556, 564 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32433", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "term and preterm delivery , modality of delivery , cervical cerclage" ], "offsets": [ [ 1138, 1206 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32434", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Operative time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1225, 1239 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32435", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fluid absorption" ], "offsets": [ [ 1011, 1027 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32436", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "cumulative complication rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1419, 1447 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32437", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "reproductive parameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 1529, 1552 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32438", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pregnancy and delivery rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1589, 1617 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32439", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "spontaneous abortions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1763, 1784 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32440", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cesarean section without differences" ], "offsets": [ [ 1824, 1860 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32441", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "operating time" ], "offsets": [ [ 2260, 2274 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32442", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "complication rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1430, 1447 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32443", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "septate uterus" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32444", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "One hundred-sixty" ], "offsets": [ [ 482, 499 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32445", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "septate uterus" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32446", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "infertility" ], "offsets": [ [ 576, 587 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32448", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Stent and surgery for symptomatic carotid stenosis . SPACE study results ] . The SPACE trial compared risk and effectiveness of stent-supported angioplasty ( CAS ) vs carotid endarterectomy ( CEA ) using a noninferiority design in patients with symptomatic stenoses . Intention-to-treat analysis of the entire study population of 1,214 patients showed that primary endpoint events ( ipsilateral stroke or death between randomisation and day 30 ) occurred in 6.92 % of the CAS group and 6.45 % of the CEA group . The 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) of the absolute risk difference ranged from -1.94 % to +2.87 % , therefore the noninferiority was not proven . The same was true for the analysis of protocols . No significant differences between the two treatment methods were found in primary or any of the secondary endpoints . There were also no differences in short-term prevention . The endpoint 'ipsilateral ischemic stroke or vascular death between randomisation and 6 months ' occurred in 7.4 % of the CAS and 6.5 % of the CEA patients ( odds ratio 1.16 , 95 % confidence interval 0.74-1.82 ) . Instent restenoses were significantly more common in the CAS group ( 4.6 % vs 2.2 % , odds ratio 2.14 , 95 % CI 1.10-4.18 ) . Surgery remains the gold standard in treatment of patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis . Stent-supported angioplasty can be an alternative only in the hands of an experienced interventionalist with proven low periprocedural complication rate ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1485 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32449", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Stent and surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32450", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "stent-supported angioplasty ( CAS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 130, 165 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32451", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "carotid endarterectomy ( CEA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32452", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "CAS" ], "offsets": [ [ 160, 163 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32453", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "CEA" ], "offsets": [ [ 194, 197 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32454", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "CAS" ], "offsets": [ [ 160, 163 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32455", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "CEA" ], "offsets": [ [ 194, 197 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32456", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "CAS" ], "offsets": [ [ 160, 163 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32457", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Stent-supported angioplasty" ], "offsets": [ [ 1331, 1358 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32458", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "absolute risk difference" ], "offsets": [ [ 557, 581 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32459", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "short-term prevention" ], "offsets": [ [ 864, 885 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32460", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "'ipsilateral ischemic stroke or vascular death between randomisation and 6 months" ], "offsets": [ [ 901, 982 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32461", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Instent restenoses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1103, 1121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32462", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "periprocedural complication rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1451, 1483 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32464", "type": "document", "text": [ "New mini-extracorporeal circulation system ( ECC.O ) is a safe technique in coronary surgery . OBJECTIVES Cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) is known to cause the systemic inflammatory reaction after cardiac surgery . New coated and closed loop circuit systems may reduce this inflammation response and improve the surgical outcome . This study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the mini-extracorporeal circulation system ( ECC.O ) in CABG patients . DESIGN Forty patients undergoing elective coronary surgery were randomized into two groups , the ECC.O group and the standard CPB group . Routine hemodynamic monitoring and biochemical measurements were registered according to the hospital practice . RESULTS The clinical outcome of the patients was similar in both groups . There were no significant differences between the groups in the duration of intubation following surgery , the length of intensive care unit-stay or the total hospital stay . The haemoglobin level was significantly higher ( p=0.0069 ) during and after the perfusion in the ECC.O group . CONCLUSIONS The ECC.O system can be safely used in CABG patients and it maintains haemoglobin level better than conventional CPB ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1207 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32465", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "New mini-extracorporeal circulation system ( ECC.O )" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32466", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB )" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32467", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "mini-extracorporeal circulation system ( ECC.O )" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32468", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ECC.O group and the" ], "offsets": [ [ 562, 581 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32469", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "standard CPB group" ], "offsets": [ [ 582, 600 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32470", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ECC.O" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32471", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ECC.O" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32472", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "CPB" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32473", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "inflammation response" ], "offsets": [ [ 273, 294 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32474", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "improve the surgical outcome" ], "offsets": [ [ 299, 327 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32475", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "duration of intubation following surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 854, 894 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32476", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "length of intensive care unit-stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 901, 935 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32477", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "total hospital stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 943, 962 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32478", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "haemoglobin level" ], "offsets": [ [ 969, 986 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32479", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "CABG patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 449, 462 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32480", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Forty patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 472, 486 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32481", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "elective coronary surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 498, 523 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32482", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "CABG patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 449, 462 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32484", "type": "document", "text": [ "A randomized controlled trial of a health-promotion programme and its effect on ADL dependence and self-reported health problems for the elderly visually impaired . BACKGROUND Ageing with visual impairment is associated with a high degree of disability whereby age-related macular degeneration in particular causes dependence in activities of daily living ( ADL ) even at an early stage . AIMS To compare an activity-based , health-promotion programme with an individual programme , targeting the elderly with age-related macular degeneration concerning the effect on the development of dependence in ADL , general health , and self-reported health problems . METHODS A randomized controlled study with a 28-month follow-up . A total of 229 persons were randomized to the study and 131 ( 57 % ) were followed up ( individual intervention n=69 , health-promotion programme n=62 ) at 28-month . RESULTS The health-promotion group maintained their ADL level despite a significant decrease in visual acuity , while the individual intervention group increased its dependence in ADL . General health systematically dropped to a lower level in both groups , but participants from the health-promotion group reported fewer health problems . There were significantly fewer reports of tiredness and dizziness among the health-promotion participants . CONCLUSION The health-promotion programme seems to have slowed down the disablement process among elderly with decreased vision by enabling them to maintain their ADL level and by reducing self-reported health problems for at least 28 months following intervention ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1607 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32485", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "health-promotion programme" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32486", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "health-promotion programme" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32487", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "individual programme" ], "offsets": [ [ 460, 480 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32488", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "( individual intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 812, 837 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32489", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "health-promotion programme" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32490", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "health-promotion group" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 927 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32491", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "individual intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 814, 837 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32492", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "health-promotion group" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 927 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32493", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "health-promotion" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32494", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "ADL" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32495", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "self-reported health problems" ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32496", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "activities of daily living ( ADL )" ], "offsets": [ [ 329, 363 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32497", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ADL level" ], "offsets": [ [ 945, 954 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32498", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "visual acuity" ], "offsets": [ [ 989, 1002 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32499", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "ADL" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32500", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "General health" ], "offsets": [ [ 1079, 1093 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32501", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fewer health problems" ], "offsets": [ [ 1209, 1230 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32502", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "tiredness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1275, 1284 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32503", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "and dizziness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1285, 1298 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32504", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "disablement process" ], "offsets": [ [ 1413, 1432 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32505", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ADL level" ], "offsets": [ [ 945, 954 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32506", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reducing self-reported health problems" ], "offsets": [ [ 1521, 1559 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32507", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "elderly" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32508", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "visually impaired" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32509", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "age-related macular degeneration" ], "offsets": [ [ 261, 293 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32510", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "229" ], "offsets": [ [ 737, 740 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32512", "type": "document", "text": [ "Severe enteropathy among patients with stage II/III colon cancer treated on a randomized trial of bolus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin plus or minus oxaliplatin : a prospective analysis . BACKGROUND Cases of severe gastrointestinal toxicity were monitored prospectively during NSABP C-07 , a randomized clinical trial of adjuvant therapy for patients with stage II/III colon cancer . METHODS Patients were treated with weekly bolus 5-fluorouracil ( 5-FU ) and leucovorin ( FL ; \" Roswell Park Regimen \" ) or the same regimen plus oxaliplatin ( FLOX ) . RESULTS Of 1857 patients , 79 ( 4.3 % ) developed a syndrome of bowel wall injury ( BWI , small or large ) characterized by hospitalization for the management of severe diarrhea or dehydration and radiographic or endoscopic evidence of bowel wall thickening or ulceration . Fifty-one ( 64.6 % ) of these adverse events occurred in patients treated with FLOX and 28 ( 35.4 % ) in those treated with FL ( P < .01 ) . Enteric sepsis ( ES ) , characterized by grade 3 or greater diarrhea and grade 4 neutropenia with or without proven bacteremia occurred in 22 patients treated with FLOX , versus 8 in those treated with FL ( P = .01 ) . Patients > 60 years were at higher risk for BWI after treatment with FLOX ( 6.7 % ) versus treatment with FL ( 2.9 % , P < .01 ) . Female patients had a higher incidence of BWI with FLOX ( 9.1 % ) than with FL ( 3.9 % , P < .01 ) . Severe gastrointestinal toxicity usually occurred during the third or fourth week on the first cycle of therapy , required hospitalization , and was managed with fluids , antidiarrheals , and antibiotics . There were 5 deaths ( 0.3 % ) due to enteropathy , 2 related to ES and 3 related to both BWI and ES . Seventy-one percent of patients resumed treatment with FL after recovery . CONCLUSIONS Patients treated with adjuvant FL should be closely monitored for diarrhea and aggressively managed , especially if oxaliplatin has been added to the regimen . Society ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1978 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32513", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bolus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin plus or minus oxaliplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 155 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32514", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bolus 5-fluorouracil ( 5-FU ) and leucovorin" ], "offsets": [ [ 421, 465 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32515", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "same regimen plus oxaliplatin ( FLOX ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 507, 547 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32516", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "FLOX" ], "offsets": [ [ 539, 543 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32517", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "FLOX" ], "offsets": [ [ 539, 543 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32518", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "FL" ], "offsets": [ [ 468, 470 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32519", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "FLOX" ], "offsets": [ [ 539, 543 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32520", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "FL" ], "offsets": [ [ 468, 470 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32521", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "FLOX" ], "offsets": [ [ 539, 543 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32522", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "FL" ], "offsets": [ [ 468, 470 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32523", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "FL" ], "offsets": [ [ 468, 470 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32524", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "syndrome of bowel wall injury ( BWI , small or large )" ], "offsets": [ [ 600, 654 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32525", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "severe diarrhea or dehydration and radiographic or endoscopic evidence of bowel wall thickening or ulceration" ], "offsets": [ [ 710, 819 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32526", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 852, 866 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32527", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Enteric sepsis ( ES )" ], "offsets": [ [ 963, 984 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32528", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "grade 3 or greater diarrhea and grade 4" ], "offsets": [ [ 1004, 1043 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32529", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "neutropenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1044, 1055 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32530", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "with or without proven bacteremia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1056, 1089 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32531", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "higher risk for BWI" ], "offsets": [ [ 1210, 1229 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32532", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "higher incidence of BWI" ], "offsets": [ [ 1335, 1358 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32533", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Severe gastrointestinal toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1414, 1446 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32534", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 1633, 1639 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32535", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "diarrhea" ], "offsets": [ [ 717, 725 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32536", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with stage II/III colon cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32537", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with stage II/III colon cancer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 337, 378 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32539", "type": "document", "text": [ "Injury and illness costs in the Certified Safe Farm study . CONTEXT The Certified Safe Farm ( CSF ) intervention program aims to reduce occupational injuries and illnesses , and promote wellness to reduce health care and related costs to farmers , insurers , and other stakeholders . PURPOSE To evaluate the cost effectiveness of CSF . METHODS Farms ( 316 ) located in a 9-county area of northwestern Iowa were recruited and randomized into intervention and control cohorts . Intervention farms received occupational health screenings , health and wellness screening , education , on-farm safety reviews , and performance incentives . For both cohorts , quarterly calls over 3 years were used to collect self-reported occupational injury and illness information , including costs to the farmers and their insurers . FINDINGS Annual occupational injury and illness costs per farmer paid by insurers were 45 % lower in the intervention cohort ( $ 183 ) than in the control cohort ( $ 332 ) . Although out-of-pocket expenses were similar for both cohorts , combined costs of insurance and out-of-pocket expenses were 27 % lower in the intervention cohort ( $ 374/year per farmer ) compared to the control cohort ( $ 512/year per farmer ) . Within the cohort of intervention farmers , annual occupational injury and illness cost savings were directly associated with on-farm safety review scores . Reported health care costs were $ 237 per farmer in the safest farms ( those farms scoring in the highest tertile ) versus $ 485 per farmer in the least safe farms ( lowest tertile ) . CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that farmers receiving the intervention had lower health care costs for occupational injuries and illnesses than control farmers . These cost savings more than cover the cost of providing CSF services ( about $ 100 per farm per year ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1843 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32540", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "The Certified Safe Farm ( CSF ) intervention program" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 120 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32541", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32542", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 458, 465 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32543", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 476, 488 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32544", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32545", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32546", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 458, 465 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32547", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32548", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32549", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 458, 465 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32550", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Injury and illness costs" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32551", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "cost effectiveness of CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 308, 333 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32552", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Annual occupational injury and illness costs" ], "offsets": [ [ 825, 869 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32553", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "out-of-pocket expenses" ], "offsets": [ [ 999, 1021 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32554", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "combined costs of insurance and out-of-pocket expenses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1054, 1108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32555", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "annual occupational injury and illness cost savings" ], "offsets": [ [ 1281, 1332 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32556", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "health care costs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1403, 1420 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32557", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "health care costs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1403, 1420 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32558", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "cost savings" ], "offsets": [ [ 1320, 1332 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32559", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "farmers , insurers , and other stakeholders" ], "offsets": [ [ 238, 281 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32561", "type": "document", "text": [ "Nateglinide reduces carotid intima-media thickening in type 2 diabetic patients under good glycemic control . OBJECTIVE Postprandial hyperglycemia observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for atherosclerosis . The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of strict glycemic control by nateglinide on common carotid far wall intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetic patients who were already under good glycemic control . METHODS AND RESULTS We performed an open labeled randomized prospective trial on 78 drug-naive type 2 diabetic patients whose HbA1c was less than 6.5 % . Thirty-eight patients were randomly assigned to receive nateglinide ( 270 mg/dL ) and 40 to control group ( no treatment ) . After 12 months , a significant reduction in HbA1c was observed in the nateglinide group , whereas a significant increase of HbA1c was observed in the untreated group . The carotid intima-media thickness at the end of 1-year follow-up was significantly reduced in the nateglinide group compared with the untreated group ( -0.017+/-0.054 mm/year versus 0.024+/-0.066 mm/year , P=0.0064 ) . Whereas nateglinide treatment also reduced triglyceride , highly-sensitive C-reactive protein , and E-selectin , multiple regression analysis identified HbA1c as the only significant independent determinant of the change in carotid intima-media thickness . CONCLUSION In type 2 diabetic patients with good glycemic control , further strict glycemic control by nateglinide results in regression of carotid intima-media thickness ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1539 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32562", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Nateglinide" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32563", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "strict glycemic control" ], "offsets": [ [ 278, 301 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32564", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nateglinide" ], "offsets": [ [ 305, 316 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32565", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control group ( no treatment )" ], "offsets": [ [ 688, 718 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32566", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "untreated" ], "offsets": [ [ 872, 881 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32567", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "strict glycemic control by nateglinide" ], "offsets": [ [ 278, 316 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32568", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "carotid intima-media thickening" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32569", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "carotid far wall intima-media thickness" ], "offsets": [ [ 327, 366 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32570", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HbA1c" ], "offsets": [ [ 568, 573 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32571", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HbA1c" ], "offsets": [ [ 568, 573 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32572", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "carotid intima-media thickness" ], "offsets": [ [ 894, 924 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32573", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "triglyceride , highly-sensitive C-reactive protein , and E-selectin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1153, 1220 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32574", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HbA1c" ], "offsets": [ [ 568, 573 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32575", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "carotid intima-media thickness" ], "offsets": [ [ 894, 924 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32576", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "carotid intima-media thickness" ], "offsets": [ [ 894, 924 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32577", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "type 2 diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32578", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "78 drug-naive type 2 diabetic patients whose HbA1c was less than 6.5 % ." ], "offsets": [ [ 523, 595 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32580", "type": "document", "text": [ "Timing of death and myocardial infarction in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes : insights from randomized clinical trials . BACKGROUND Adverse events occur following non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes ( NSTE ACS ) . However , the timing of these events in relation to index event is less clear . METHODS Accordingly , we evaluated 26,466 NSTE ACS patients from the Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Arteries in Acute Coronary Syndromes ( GUSTO-IIb ) , Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in Unstable Angina : Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy ( PURSUIT ) , and Platelet IIb/IIIa Antagonism for the Reduction of Acute Coronary Syndrome Events in a Global Organization Network ( PARAGON ) A and B trials to ascertain the timing of adverse events . Outcomes of interest were death , myocardial infarction ( MI ) , and death or MI at 180 days . Logistic regression modeling for death was used to categorize patients into low- , medium- , and high-risk groups . RESULTS At 6 months , 6.2 % of patients died , 12.1 % had MI , and 15.7 % suffered death or MI . From 15 % to 40 % of these events occurred beyond 30 days . At 6 months , 3 % , 4 % , and 13 % of patients died in low- , medium- , and high-risk groups , respectively . However , the proportion of patients dying beyond 30 days was similar in the three groups ( 44 % , 43 % , and 41 % of death , respectively ) . Similarly , whereas death or MI increased with higher risk ( 11 % , 14 % , and 23 % , respectively ) , the proportion of patients with this event beyond 30 days did not differ in the three strata ( 22 % , 20 % , and 25 % , respectively ) . CONCLUSIONS Our study provides important insights into the timing of adverse events and suggests that the substantial proportion of patients suffer subsequent adverse events after their index NSTE ACS . Thus , these data call for continuous surveillance for these events and efforts beyond the acute phase at increasing adherence to evidence-based therapies to improve the outcomes of these patients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2052 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32581", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa" ], "offsets": [ [ 489, 519 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32582", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 541, 586 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32583", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Logistic regression modeling" ], "offsets": [ [ 885, 913 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32584", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Timing of death" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32585", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32586", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32587", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "myocardial infarction ( MI )" ], "offsets": [ [ 824, 852 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32588", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32589", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "MI at 180 days" ], "offsets": [ [ 868, 882 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32590", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "died" ], "offsets": [ [ 1041, 1045 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32591", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "MI" ], "offsets": [ [ 848, 850 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32592", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32593", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "MI" ], "offsets": [ [ 848, 850 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32594", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "proportion of patients dying" ], "offsets": [ [ 1282, 1310 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32595", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32596", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32597", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute coronary syndromes" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32598", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes ( NSTE ACS ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 244 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32599", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "26,466" ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 366 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32601", "type": "document", "text": [ "Continuous event recorders did not affect anxiety or quality of life in patients with palpitations . OBJECTIVES Palpitations can generate feelings of anxiety and decrease quality of life ( QoL ) due to fear of a cardiac abnormality . Continuous event recorders ( CERs ) have proven to be successful in diagnosing causes of palpitations but may affect patient QoL and anxiety . The aim is to determine anxiety and health-related ( HR ) -QoL and evaluate the burden of carrying a CER in general practice populations . STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Patients ( n=244 ) participated in a randomized trial . One group ( n=127 ) carried a CER during 4 weeks . One hundred and seventeen patients formed the usual care ( UC ) group . State-Trait Anxiety Inventory ( STAI ) and the Short Form-36 ( SF-36 ) were administered at study inclusion , after 1 , 6 months . RESULTS At baseline , patients reported greater anxiety and lower QoL than healthy populations . The CER group had three times more cardiac diagnoses than the UC group . No differences were found between CER group and UC group at 6 weeks . At 6 months , the UC group showed QoL improvement and less anxiety compared to the CER group . Type of diagnosis had influence , but did not fully explain these differences . CONCLUSION A CER does not negatively influence anxiety or QoL . Better outcomes in the UC group might be attributed to less cardiac diagnosis and more emphasis on psychological well-being ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1455 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32602", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "Continuous event recorders ( CERs )" ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 269 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32603", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "CER" ], "offsets": [ [ 263, 266 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32604", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "CER" ], "offsets": [ [ 263, 266 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32605", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "usual care ( UC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 694, 711 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32606", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "CER" ], "offsets": [ [ 263, 266 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32607", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "UC" ], "offsets": [ [ 707, 709 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32608", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "CER" ], "offsets": [ [ 263, 266 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32609", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "UC" ], "offsets": [ [ 707, 709 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32610", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "UC" ], "offsets": [ [ 707, 709 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32611", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "CER" ], "offsets": [ [ 263, 266 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32612", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "CER" ], "offsets": [ [ 263, 266 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32613", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "UC" ], "offsets": [ [ 707, 709 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32614", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "anxiety" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32615", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32616", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "anxiety" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32617", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "quality of life ( QoL )" ], "offsets": [ [ 171, 194 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32618", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "QoL" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 192 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32619", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "anxiety" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32620", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "anxiety" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32621", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "health-related ( HR ) -QoL" ], "offsets": [ [ 413, 439 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32622", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "State-Trait Anxiety Inventory ( STAI )" ], "offsets": [ [ 720, 758 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32623", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Short Form-36 ( SF-36 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 767, 790 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32624", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "anxiety" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32625", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "QoL" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 192 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32626", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cardiac diagnoses" ], "offsets": [ [ 983, 1000 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32627", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "QoL improvement" ], "offsets": [ [ 1125, 1140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32628", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "anxiety" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32629", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Type of diagnosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1186, 1203 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32630", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "anxiety" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32631", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "QoL" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 192 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32632", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cardiac diagnosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1390, 1407 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32633", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "psychological well-being" ], "offsets": [ [ 1429, 1453 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32634", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "palpitations" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32635", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "n=244" ], "offsets": [ [ 552, 557 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32636", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "One hundred and seventeen" ], "offsets": [ [ 648, 673 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32638", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Effects of hetero-thermal water administration on leg vein hemodynamics , skin microcirculation and O2 tension in chronic venous insufficiency ] ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 148 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32639", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "hetero-thermal water administration" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32640", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "leg vein hemodynamics , skin microcirculation and O2 tension" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32641", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic venous insufficiency ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 146 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32643", "type": "document", "text": [ "How can we help witnesses to remember more ? It 's an ( eyes ) open and shut case . Five experiments tested the idea that instructing a witness to close their eyes during retrieval might increase retrieval success . In Experiment 1 participants watched a video , before a cued-recall test for which they were either instructed to close their eyes , or received no-instructions . Eye-closure led to an increase in correct cued-recall , with no increase in incorrect responses . Experiments 2-5 sought to test the generality of this effect over variations in study material ( video or live interaction ) , test format ( cued- or free-recall ) and information modality ( visual or auditory details recalled ) . Overall , eye-closure increased recall of both visual detail and auditory details , with no accompanying increase in recall of false details . Collectively , these data convincingly demonstrate the benefits of eye-closure as an aid to retrieval , and offer insight into why hypnosis , which usually involves eye-closure , may facilitate eyewitness recall ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1064 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32644", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "watched a video" ], "offsets": [ [ 245, 260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32645", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "no-instructions ." ], "offsets": [ [ 361, 378 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32646", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "( video or live interaction )" ], "offsets": [ [ 572, 601 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32647", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "( cued- or free-recall )" ], "offsets": [ [ 616, 640 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32648", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "( visual or auditory details recalled )" ], "offsets": [ [ 666, 705 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32649", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "retrieval success ." ], "offsets": [ [ 196, 215 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32650", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "incorrect responses" ], "offsets": [ [ 455, 474 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32651", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "recall of both visual detail and auditory details" ], "offsets": [ [ 740, 789 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32652", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "recall of false details ." ], "offsets": [ [ 825, 850 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32653", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "witnesses" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32655", "type": "document", "text": [ "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation combined with task-related training improves lower limb functions in subjects with chronic stroke . BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previous studies have shown that repeated sensory inputs could enhance brain plasticity and cortical motor output . The purpose of this study was to investigate whether combining electrically induced sensory inputs through transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ( TENS ) with task-related training ( TRT ) in a home-based program would augment voluntary motor output in chronic stroke survivors better than either treatment alone or no treatment . METHODS Eighty-eight patients with stroke were assigned randomly to receive a home-based program of ( 1 ) TENS , ( 2 ) TENS+TRT , ( 3 ) placebo TENS+TRT , or ( 4 ) no treatment ( control ) 5 days a week for 4 weeks . Outcome measurements included Composite Spasticity Scale , peak torques generated during maximum isometric voluntary contraction of ankle dorsiflexors and plantarflexors , and gait velocity recorded at baseline , after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment , and 4 weeks after treatment ended . RESULTS When compared with TENS , the combined TENS+TRT group showed significantly greater improvement in ankle dorsiflexion torque at follow-up and in ankle plantarflexion torque at week 2 and follow-up ( P < 0.01 ) . When compared with placebo+TRT , the TENS+TRT group produced earlier and greater reduction of plantarflexor spasticity and improvement in ankle dorsiflexion torque at week 2 ( P < 0.01 ) . When compared with all 3 groups , the TENS+TRT group showed significantly greater improvement in gait velocity ( P < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSIONS In patients with chronic stroke , 20 sessions of a combined TENS+TRT home-based program decreased plantarflexor spasticity , improved dorsiflexor and plantarflexor strength , and increased gait velocity significantly more than TENS alone , placebo+TRT , or no treatment . Such improvements can even be maintained 4 weeks after treatment ended ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2011 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32656", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32657", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "combined with task-related training" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 79 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32658", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ( TENS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 390, 442 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32659", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "with task-related training ( TRT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 443, 477 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32660", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "TENS , ( 2 ) TENS+TRT , ( 3 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 726, 755 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32661", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo TENS+TRT" ], "offsets": [ [ 756, 772 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32662", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ ", or ( 4 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 773, 783 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32663", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "no treatment ( control )" ], "offsets": [ [ 784, 808 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32664", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "TENS" ], "offsets": [ [ 436, 440 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32665", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "TENS+TRT" ], "offsets": [ [ 739, 747 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32666", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "placebo+TRT" ], "offsets": [ [ 1359, 1370 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32667", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "TENS+TRT" ], "offsets": [ [ 739, 747 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32668", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "combined TENS+TRT home-based" ], "offsets": [ [ 1718, 1746 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32669", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "TENS" ], "offsets": [ [ 436, 440 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32670", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lower limb functions" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32671", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "brain plasticity" ], "offsets": [ [ 238, 254 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32672", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cortical motor output ." ], "offsets": [ [ 259, 282 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32673", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "voluntary motor output" ], "offsets": [ [ 516, 538 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32674", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Composite Spasticity Scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 867, 893 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32675", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "peak torques generated during maximum isometric voluntary contraction of ankle dorsiflexors and plantarflexors" ], "offsets": [ [ 896, 1006 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32676", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ankle dorsiflexion torque" ], "offsets": [ [ 1227, 1252 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32677", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ankle plantarflexion torque" ], "offsets": [ [ 1273, 1300 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32678", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plantarflexor spasticity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1434, 1458 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32679", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "improvement in ankle dorsiflexion torque" ], "offsets": [ [ 1212, 1252 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32680", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "gait velocity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1013, 1026 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32681", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "decreased plantarflexor spasticity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1755, 1789 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32682", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "improved dorsiflexor and plantarflexor strength" ], "offsets": [ [ 1792, 1839 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32683", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "increased gait velocity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1846, 1869 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32685", "type": "document", "text": [ "The logMAR Kay picture test and the logMAR acuity test : a comparative study . PURPOSE To compare the level of visual acuity with crowded and uncrowded versions of the logMAR acuity test and the Kay picture test in amblyopia . METHODS A prospective study was carried out on 51 participants with amblyopia ( strabismic n=17 ; anisometropic n=10 ; combined n=24 ) , mean age 10 years 8 months . The amblyopia was defined as severe/moderate ( < 0.250 logMAR ) , n=41 or mild ( > or = 0.250 logMAR ) , n=10 . Visual acuity was assessed uniocularly using the crowded and uncrowded logMAR acuity tests and the logMAR crowded and uncrowded Kay picture tests in random orders . RESULTS The mean visual acuity outcome using the logMAR crowded Kay picture test ( 0.343+/-0.150 ) was comparable ( P=0.084 ) with the mean outcome using the crowded logMAR acuity test ( 0.402+/-0.188 ) . However , the mean acuity difference between these two tests in the subgroup with severe/moderate amblyopia ( 0.074+/-0.036 ) was statistically significant ( P=0.0382 ) . The uncrowded logMAR acuity test significantly overestimated visual acuity when compared with the logMAR crowded Kay picture test ( P < 0.005 ) by a mean of 0.088+/-0.008 . CONCLUSION The logMAR crowded Kay picture test is a useful tool in clinical practice . The test design takes the crowding phenomenon into account . It provides visual acuity measures more comparable with the gold standard crowded logMAR acuity test than the uncrowded logMAR acuity test . However , the outcomes in poorer acuities should still be viewed with caution ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1587 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32686", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "logMAR Kay picture test" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32687", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "logMAR acuity test" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32688", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "crowded and uncrowded versions" ], "offsets": [ [ 130, 160 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32689", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "logMAR acuity test" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32690", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Kay picture test" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32691", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "crowded and uncrowded logMAR acuity tests" ], "offsets": [ [ 554, 595 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32692", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "logMAR crowded and uncrowded Kay picture tests" ], "offsets": [ [ 604, 650 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32693", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "logMAR crowded Kay picture test" ], "offsets": [ [ 719, 750 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32694", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "crowded logMAR acuity test" ], "offsets": [ [ 568, 594 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32695", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "uncrowded logMAR acuity test" ], "offsets": [ [ 566, 594 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32696", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "logMAR crowded Kay picture test" ], "offsets": [ [ 719, 750 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32697", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "logMAR crowded Kay picture test" ], "offsets": [ [ 719, 750 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32698", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "crowded logMAR acuity test" ], "offsets": [ [ 568, 594 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32699", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "visual acuity" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 124 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32700", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Visual acuity" ], "offsets": [ [ 505, 518 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32701", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean visual acuity outcome" ], "offsets": [ [ 682, 708 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32702", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean acuity difference" ], "offsets": [ [ 889, 911 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32703", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "logMAR acuity" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32704", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "visual acuity" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 124 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32705", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "logMAR crowded Kay picture" ], "offsets": [ [ 719, 745 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32706", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "visual acuity" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 124 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32708", "type": "document", "text": [ "A double-blind , randomised trial of tesaglitazar versus pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus . The efficacy and safety of tesaglitazar ( 0.5 and 1 mg ) and pioglitazone ( 15 , 30 and 45 mg ) were compared in a 24-week , randomised , double-blind study in 1,707 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus . Tesaglitazar 1 mg was non-inferior to pioglitazone 45 mg for change from baseline in glycosylated haemoglobin ( HbA1C ) at 24 weeks ( difference : -0.056 [ 95 % confidence intervals -0.161 , 0.049 ] , pNI < 0.001 for non-inferiority hypothesis ) . Tesaglitazar 1 mg improved triglyceride ( TG ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) and non-HDL-C levels compared with all pioglitazone doses at 24 weeks ( p < 0.001 ) . Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) was lower with tesaglitazar for all pioglitazone comparisons ( p < 0.05 ) , except for tesaglitazar 0.5 mg versus pioglitazone 15 mg. Tesaglitazar 1 mg decreased LDL particle number , when compared with all pioglitazone doses ( p < 0.01 ) . Both agents increased body weight and peripheral oedema in a dose-dependent manner , but only tesaglitazar increased serum creatinine . In summary , tesaglitazar provided similar glycaemic control to pioglitazone , was associated with significant improvement in lipid and lipoprotein variables , and increased serum creatinine in a dose-dependent manner ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1393 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32709", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tesaglitazar" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32710", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pioglitazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32711", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tesaglitazar" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32712", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pioglitazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32713", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Tesaglitazar" ], "offsets": [ [ 321, 333 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32714", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pioglitazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32715", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Tesaglitazar" ], "offsets": [ [ 321, 333 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32716", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tesaglitazar" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32717", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pioglitazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32718", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tesaglitazar" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32719", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pioglitazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32720", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Tesaglitazar" ], "offsets": [ [ 321, 333 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32721", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pioglitazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32722", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tesaglitazar" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32723", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tesaglitazar" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32724", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pioglitazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32725", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "triglyceride ( TG ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) and non-HDL-C levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 596, 685 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32726", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C )" ], "offsets": [ [ 751, 796 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32727", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "LDL particle number" ], "offsets": [ [ 959, 978 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32728", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "body weight and peripheral oedema" ], "offsets": [ [ 1060, 1093 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32729", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum creatinine ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1155, 1173 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32730", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "glycaemic control" ], "offsets": [ [ 1217, 1234 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32731", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lipid and lipoprotein variables" ], "offsets": [ [ 1300, 1331 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32732", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "type 2 diabetes mellitus" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32733", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "1,707" ], "offsets": [ [ 274, 279 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32734", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "type 2 diabetes mellitus" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32736", "type": "document", "text": [ "Phase II study of efficacy and safety of bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy or erlotinib compared with chemotherapy alone for treatment of recurrent or refractory non small-cell lung cancer . PURPOSE Bevacizumab , a humanized anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody , and erlotinib , a reversible , orally available epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor , have demonstrated evidence of a survival benefit in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) . A single-arm phase I and II study of bevacizumab plus erlotinib demonstrated encouraging efficacy , with a favorable safety profile . PATIENTS AND METHODS A multicenter , randomized phase II trial evaluated the safety of combining bevacizumab with either chemotherapy ( docetaxel or pemetrexed ) or erlotinib and preliminarily assessed these combinations versus chemotherapy alone , as measured by progression-free survival ( PFS ) . All patients had histologically confirmed nonsquamous NSCLC that had progressed during or after one platinum-based regimen . RESULTS One hundred twenty patients were randomly assigned and treated . No unexpected adverse events were noted . Fewer patients ( 13 % ) in the bevacizumab-erlotinib arm discontinued treatment as a result of adverse events than in the chemotherapy alone ( 24 % ) or bevacizumab-chemotherapy ( 28 % ) arms . The incidence of grade 5 hemorrhage in patients receiving bevacizumab was 5.1 % . Although not statistically significant , relative to chemotherapy alone , the risk of disease progression or death was 0.66 ( 95 % CI , 0.38 to 1.16 ) among patients treated with bevacizumab-chemotherapy and 0.72 ( 95 % CI , 0.42 to 1.23 ) among patients treated with bevacizumab-erlotinib . One-year survival rate was 57.4 % for bevacizumab-erlotinib and 53.8 % for bevacizumab-chemotherapy compared with 33.1 % for chemotherapy alone . CONCLUSION Results for PFS and overall survival favor combination of bevacizumab with either chemotherapy or erlotinib over chemotherapy alone in the second-line setting . No unexpected safety signals were noted . The rate of fatal pulmonary hemorrhage was consistent with previous bevacizumab trials . The toxicity profile of the bevacizumab-erlotinib combination is favorable compared with either chemotherapy-containing group ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2333 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32737", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32738", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "erlotinib" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32739", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "chemotherapy alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32740", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Bevacizumab" ], "offsets": [ [ 210, 221 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32741", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "erlotinib" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32742", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bevacizumab" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32743", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "erlotinib" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32744", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bevacizumab" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32745", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chemotherapy ( docetaxel or pemetrexed" ], "offsets": [ [ 770, 808 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32746", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "erlotinib" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32747", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32748", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bevacizumab-erlotinib" ], "offsets": [ [ 1220, 1241 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32749", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32750", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bevacizumab-chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1342, 1366 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32751", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bevacizumab" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32752", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bevacizumab-chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1342, 1366 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32753", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bevacizumab-erlotinib ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1733, 1756 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32754", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bevacizumab-erlotinib" ], "offsets": [ [ 1220, 1241 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32755", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bevacizumab-chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1342, 1366 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32756", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32757", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bevacizumab" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32758", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32759", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32760", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bevacizumab" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32761", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bevacizumab-erlotinib combination" ], "offsets": [ [ 2234, 2267 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32762", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "chemotherapy-containing" ], "offsets": [ [ 2302, 2325 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32763", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32764", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32765", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "progression-free survival ( PFS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 913, 946 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32766", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1161, 1175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32767", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "result of" ], "offsets": [ [ 1274, 1283 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32768", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1161, 1175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32769", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "grade 5 hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 1400, 1418 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32770", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "risk of disease progression or" ], "offsets": [ [ 1543, 1573 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32771", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 1574, 1579 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32772", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "One-year survival rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1757, 1779 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32773", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "PFS" ], "offsets": [ [ 941, 944 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32774", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1934, 1950 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32775", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "safety signals" ], "offsets": [ [ 2089, 2103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32776", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "fatal pulmonary hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 2129, 2155 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32777", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 2210, 2218 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32778", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "recurrent or refractory non small-cell lung cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 149, 199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32779", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "histologically confirmed nonsquamous NSCLC" ], "offsets": [ [ 966, 1008 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32780", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "One hundred twenty patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1082, 1109 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32782", "type": "document", "text": [ "Letrozole in the neoadjuvant setting : the P024 trial . Neoadjuvant chemotherapy trials have consistently reported lower response rates in hormone receptor-positive ( HR+ ) breast cancer when compared with HR- cases . Preoperative endocrine therapy has therefore become a logical alternative and has gained considerable momentum from the finding that aromatase inhibitors ( AIs ) are more effective than tamoxifen for HR+ breast cancer in both the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings . The most convincing neoadjuvant trial to demonstrate the superiority of an AI versus tamoxifen was the P024 study , a large multinational double-blind trial in postmenopausal women with HR+ breast cancer ineligible for breast-conserving surgery . The overall response rate ( ORR ) was 55 % for letrozole and 36 % for tamoxifen ( P < 0.001 ) . Significantly more letrozole-treated patients underwent breast-conserving surgery ( 45 vs. 35 % , respectively ; P=0.022 ) . In addition , ORR was significantly higher with letrozole than tamoxifen in the human epidermal growth factor receptor HER1/HER2+ subgroup ( P=0.0004 ) . The clinical efficacy of letrozole in HER2+ breast cancer was confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis and was found to be comparable to that of HER2- cases ( ORR 71 % in both subsets ) . Biomarker studies confirmed the superiority of letrozole in centrally assessed estrogen receptor-positive ( ER+ ) tumors and found a strong relationship with the degree of ER positivity for both agents . Interestingly , letrozole was effective even in marginally ER+ tumors and , unlike tamoxifen , consistently reduced the expression from estrogen-regulated genes ( progesterone receptor and trefoil factor 1 ) . Furthermore , when analyzed by Ki67 immunohistochemistry , letrozole was significantly more effective than tamoxifen in reducing tumor proliferation ( P=0.0009 ) . Thus , neoadjuvant letrozole is safe and superior to tamoxifen in the treatment of postmenopausal women with HR+ locally advanced breast cancer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2032 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32783", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Letrozole" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32784", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Neoadjuvant chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32785", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Preoperative endocrine therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 218, 248 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32786", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aromatase inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 351, 371 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32787", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tamoxifen" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32788", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "AI" ], "offsets": [ [ 374, 376 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32789", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tamoxifen" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32790", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "breast-conserving surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 703, 728 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32791", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "letrozole" ], "offsets": [ [ 778, 787 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32792", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tamoxifen" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32793", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "breast-conserving surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 703, 728 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32794", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tamoxifen" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32795", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "letrozole" ], "offsets": [ [ 778, 787 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32796", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "letrozole" ], "offsets": [ [ 778, 787 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32797", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "letrozole" ], "offsets": [ [ 778, 787 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32798", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "letrozole" ], "offsets": [ [ 778, 787 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32799", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tamoxifen" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32800", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "response rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32801", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "overall response rate ( ORR )" ], "offsets": [ [ 735, 764 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32802", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "underwent breast-conserving surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 873, 908 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32803", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "ORR" ], "offsets": [ [ 759, 762 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32804", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "clinical efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1110, 1127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32805", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Biomarker studies" ], "offsets": [ [ 1309, 1326 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32806", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "degree of ER positivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1471, 1494 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32807", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "expression from estrogen-regulated genes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1633, 1673 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32808", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tumor proliferation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1852, 1871 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32809", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "multinational" ], "offsets": [ [ 608, 621 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32810", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "postmenopausal women with HR+ breast cancer ineligible for breast-conserving surgery ." ], "offsets": [ [ 644, 730 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32812", "type": "document", "text": [ "A randomized parallel study to assess the safety and efficacy of two different dosing regimens of 5 % imiquimod in the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma . OBJECTIVES This study was designed to compare the safety and efficacy of two cycled dosing regimens of imiquimod 5 % cream for treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma ( sBCC ) . METHODS Patients ( n = 32 ) were randomized to receive one of two treatment regimens : 8 weeks of treatment with once-daily dosing for alternate weeks ( R1 ) and 5 weeks of once-daily dosing with a 1-week interval in the middle of the course ( R2 ) . Efficacy measures were tumour clearance at weeks 19 and 52 and measures of patients ' acceptability . RESULTS Data from 30 patients ( 13 females ) , 14 on R1 and 16 on R2 , were analysed . The results revealed an initial clearance rate of 64 % at week 19 for R1 and 81 % for R2 ( 95 % CI for difference : -14 % to 45 % , p = 0.21 ) . However , clearance rates at week 52 were significantly different : 43 % for R1 and 88 % for R2 ( 95 % CI for difference : 11 % to 68 % , p = 0.02 ) . There was no difference in acceptability of treatment as measured by composite median visual analogue scores at week 8 . CONCLUSION Five weeks of 5 % imiquimod cream once daily with a 1-week interval was more effective but as well tolerated as the 8-week alternate week regimen for sBCC ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1375 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32813", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "imiquimod" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32814", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "imiquimod" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32815", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "8 weeks of treatment with once-daily dosing for alternate weeks ( R1 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 438, 508 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32816", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "5 weeks of once-daily dosing with a 1-week interval in the middle of the course" ], "offsets": [ [ 513, 592 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32817", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "imiquimod" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32818", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety and efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32819", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety and efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32820", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tumour clearance" ], "offsets": [ [ 625, 641 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32821", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "measures of patients ' acceptability" ], "offsets": [ [ 665, 701 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32822", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clearance rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 823, 837 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32823", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clearance rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 946, 961 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32824", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "acceptability of treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1114, 1140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32825", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 1296, 1305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32826", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "well tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1313, 1327 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32828", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Effects of electroacupuncture combined with behavior therapy on intelligence and behavior of children of autism ] . OBJECTIVE To find out an effective therapy for autism . METHODS Sixty children of autism were randomly divided into an electroacupuncture ( EA ) plus behavior therapy group and a behavior therapy group , 30 cases in each group . The patients in the two groups were treated with routine behavior , with EA at Baihui ( GV 20 ) , Sishencong ( EX-HN 1 ) , Shenting ( GV 24 ) , Benshen ( GB 13 ) , Yintang ( EX-HN 3 ) , Naohu ( GV 17 ) , Naokong ( GB 19 ) , Neiguan ( PC 6 ) and scalp acupuncture at Speech Areas I , II , III added for the EA plus behavior therapy group . Their therapeutic effects were observed , and the picture and vocabulary scale ( PPVT ) and behavior ability were detected . RESULTS The total effective rate was 86.7 % in the EA plus behavior therapy group which was better than 56.7 % of the behavior therapy group , and had significant enhancement in sensation , association , body , and ability of self-care ( P < 0.05 ) and was better than the behavior therapy group in sensation , body and self-care factors , with no significantly improvement in the scores of PPVT in the two groups ( P > 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION EA combined with behavior therapy can significantly improve clinical symptoms of autism , but does not improve intelligence ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1376 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32829", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "electroacupuncture combined with behavior therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32830", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "electroacupuncture ( EA ) plus behavior therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 237, 284 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32831", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "group and a behavior therapy group" ], "offsets": [ [ 285, 319 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32832", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "routine behavior" ], "offsets": [ [ 396, 412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32833", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "EA" ], "offsets": [ [ 258, 260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32834", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "scalp acupuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 592, 609 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32835", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "EA plus behavior therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 653, 677 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32836", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "EA" ], "offsets": [ [ 258, 260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32837", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "behavior therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32838", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "EA combined with behavior therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1251, 1284 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32839", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "picture and vocabulary scale ( PPVT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 736, 773 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32840", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "behavior ability" ], "offsets": [ [ 778, 794 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32841", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "total effective rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 823, 843 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32842", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "sensation , association , body , and ability of self-care" ], "offsets": [ [ 989, 1046 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32843", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "sensation , body and self-care factors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1110, 1148 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32844", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "PPVT" ], "offsets": [ [ 767, 771 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32845", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32846", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32847", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Sixty" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 187 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32848", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32849", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32851", "type": "document", "text": [ "A double-blind placebo controlled trial of piracetam added to risperidone in patients with autistic disorder . It has been reported that autism is a hypoglutamatergic disorder . Therefore , it was of interest to assess the efficacy of piracetam , a positive modulator of AMPA-sensitive glutamate receptors in autistic disorder . About 40 children between the ages three and 11 years ( inclusive ) with a DSM IV clinical diagnosis of autism and who were outpatients from a specialty clinic for children were recruited . The children presented with a chief complaint of severely disruptive symptoms related to autistic disorder . Patients were randomly allocated to piracetam + risperidone ( Group A ) or placebo + risperidone ( Group B ) for a 10-week , double-blind , placebo-controlled study . The dose of risperidone was titrated up to 2 mg/day for children between 10 and 40 kg and 3 mg/day for children weighting above 40 kg . The dose of piracetam was titrated up to 800 mg/day . Patients were assessed at baseline and after 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 and 10 weeks of starting medication . The measure of the outcome was the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community ( ABC-C ) Rating Scale ( total score ) . The ABC-C Rating Scale scores improved with piracetam . The difference between the two protocols was significant as indicated by the effect of group , the between subjects factor ( F = 5.85 , d.f . = 1 , P = 0.02 ) . The changes at the endpoint compared with baseline were : -11.90 +/- 3.79 ( mean +/- SD ) and -5.15 +/- 3.04 for group A and B respectively . A significant difference was observed on the change in scores in the ABC-C Rating Scale in week 10 compared with baseline in the two groups ( t = 6.017 , d.f . = 38 , P < 0.0001 ) . The results suggest that a combination of atypical antipsychotic medications and a glutamate agent such as piracetam , might have increase synergistic effects in the treatment of autism ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1924 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32852", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32853", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "piracetam" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32854", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32855", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "piracetam" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32856", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "piracetam" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32857", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32858", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32859", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32860", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32861", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "piracetam" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32862", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 223, 231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32863", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community ( ABC-C ) Rating Scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 1117, 1177 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32864", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "( total score )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1178, 1193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32865", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "ABC-C Rating Scale scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1200, 1225 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32866", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "scores in the ABC-C Rating Scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 1610, 1642 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32867", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autistic disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32868", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "40" ], "offsets": [ [ 335, 337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32869", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 338, 346 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32870", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "three and 11 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 364, 382 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32871", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 143 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32872", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 338, 346 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32873", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 338, 346 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32874", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autistic disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 108 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32876", "type": "document", "text": [ "A study on the effect of the duration of subcutaneous heparin injection on bruising and pain . AIM This study was carried out to determine the effect of injection duration on bruising and pain following the administration of the subcutaneous injection of heparin . BACKGROUND Although different methods to prevent bruising and pain following the subcutaneous injection of heparin have been widely studied and described , the effect of injection duration on the occurrence of bruising and pain is little documented . DESIGN This study was designed as within-subject , quasi-experimental research . METHOD The sample for the study consisted of 50 patients to whom subcutaneous heparin was administered . Heparin was injected over 10 seconds on the right abdominal site and 30 seconds on the left abdominal site . Injections areas were assessed for the presence of bruising at 48 and 72 hours after each injection . Dimensions of the bruising on the heparin applied areas were measured using transparent millimetric measuring paper . The visual analog scale ( VAS ) was used to measure pain intensity and a stop-watch was used to time the pain period . Data were analysed using chi-square test , Mann-Whitney U , Wilcoxon signed ranks tests and correlation . RESULTS The percentage of bruising occurrence was 64 % with the injection of 10 seconds duration and 42 % in the 30-second injection . It was determined that the size of the bruising was smaller in the 30-second injection . Pain intensity and pain period were statistically significantly lower for the 30-second injection than for the 10-second injection . CONCLUSIONS It was determined that injection duration had an effect on bruising and pain following the subcutaneous administration of heparin . This study should be repeated on a larger sample . RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE When administering subcutaneous heparin injections , it is important to extend the duration of the injection ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1949 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32877", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "subcutaneous heparin injection" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32878", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32879", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32880", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32881", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 702, 709 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32882", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32883", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32884", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bruising" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32885", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "visual analog scale ( VAS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1035, 1062 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32886", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "percentage of bruising occurrence" ], "offsets": [ [ 1268, 1301 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32887", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "size of the bruising" ], "offsets": [ [ 1418, 1438 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32888", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Pain intensity and pain period" ], "offsets": [ [ 1480, 1510 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32889", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "bruising and pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 92 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32890", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "50" ], "offsets": [ [ 642, 644 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32891", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "subcutaneous heparin was administered" ], "offsets": [ [ 662, 699 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32893", "type": "document", "text": [ "Rehabilitation of therapy-related cognitive deficits in patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation . Neuropsychological deficits are potential side effects of hematopoietic stem cell therapy ( HSCT ) . Systematic data on the long-term course of and therapeutic options for these consequences are limited . One hundred fifty-seven patients were screened for cognitive deficits following HSCT for malignant diseases at an in-patient oncologic rehabilitation clinic . Patients showing evidence of impairment were randomly assigned to one of two training groups : individualized PC-supported training or neuropsychological group therapy . The control group consisted of patients who received no specific training . During in-patient rehabilitation , the results of a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery improved significantly in all three groups , and no specific intervention effects were identified . Neuropsychological deficits were still evident in a subgroup of patients 6 months later . Correlation between neuropsychological testing and patients ' self-evaluation of cognitive functioning in daily life was generally low . Sustained attention and verbal-semantic memory played the main role for self-appraisal and in the designation as 'neuropsychologically impaired ' . In conclusion , a substantial number of patients revealed evidence of cognitive deficits a long time after HSCT . There is a need for more studies and for the development of differentiated rehabilitative measures for such therapeutic consequences ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1544 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32894", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Rehabilitation" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 14 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32895", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "hematopoietic stem cell therapy ( HSCT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 171, 211 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32896", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32897", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "HSCT" ], "offsets": [ [ 205, 209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32898", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "individualized PC-supported training or neuropsychological group therapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 572, 646 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32899", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "no specific training" ], "offsets": [ [ 700, 720 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32900", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32901", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "HSCT" ], "offsets": [ [ 205, 209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32902", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32903", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "results of a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery" ], "offsets": [ [ 762, 820 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32904", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Neuropsychological deficits" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32905", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Sustained attention" ], "offsets": [ [ 1148, 1167 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32906", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "verbal-semantic memory" ], "offsets": [ [ 1172, 1194 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32907", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32908", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "One hundred fifty-seven patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 318, 350 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32909", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cognitive deficits following HSCT for malignant diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 369, 425 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32910", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 506, 516 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32912", "type": "document", "text": [ "An exploratory , pragmatic , cluster randomised trial of practice nurse training in the use of asthma action plans . INTRODUCTION To investigate the feasibility of improving asthma management - in particular , the implementation of individualised asthma action plans ( AAPs ) for poorly-controlled adult asthma patients - by providing training in asthma-focused clinical and communication skills for practice nurses who deliver asthma clinics . METHODS A pragmatic , cluster randomised trial with an intervention ( an interactive seminar ) delivered at practice level ( n=13 practices ; 6=intervention , 7=control ) . The impact of the intervention was assessed against patient outcomes : routinely available asthma outcome measures ( beta2-agonist prescription rate and number of oral steroid courses ) for asthma patients identified as being poorly-controlled from practice records ; and questionnaire data - Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire ( AQLQ ) and the Asthma Control Questionnaire ( ACQ ) - from a subset of consenting patients . Data was collected at baseline and at 6-month follow-up . ANALYSISs : Routine data was analysed for 629 patients . 236 ( 37 % ) of these patients consented to provide questionnaire data at baseline , with 75 % returning questionnaires at follow-up . After adjustment for baseline and practice , there was a significant difference at followup between intervention and control practices on the Mini AQLQ only ( p=0.03 ) . Estimates for subsequent sample sizes to inform future trials of asthma training were identified . CONCLUSION Training designed to support practice nurses in implementing individualised AAPs impacted on one patient outcome only . This disappointing outcome may have been due to many different factors such as outcome measure limitations , data collection problems , and underestimating the complexity of supporting practice nurses in behaviour change ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1920 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32913", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "practice nurse training" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32914", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "individualised asthma action plans ( AAPs )" ], "offsets": [ [ 232, 275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32915", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "feasibility" ], "offsets": [ [ 149, 160 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32916", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "patient outcomes : routinely available asthma outcome measures (" ], "offsets": [ [ 670, 734 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32917", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "beta2-agonist prescription rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 735, 766 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32918", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "and" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32919", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "number of oral steroid courses" ], "offsets": [ [ 771, 801 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32920", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ ")" ], "offsets": [ [ 274, 275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32921", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "questionnaire data" ], "offsets": [ [ 890, 908 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32922", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "- Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire ( AQLQ ) and the Asthma Control Questionnaire ( ACQ )" ], "offsets": [ [ 909, 1006 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32923", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Mini AQLQ" ], "offsets": [ [ 1440, 1449 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32924", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32925", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adult" ], "offsets": [ [ 298, 303 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32926", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32927", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32928", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "n=13" ], "offsets": [ [ 570, 574 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32929", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "6=intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 587, 601 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32930", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "7=control" ], "offsets": [ [ 604, 613 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32931", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "629" ], "offsets": [ [ 1148, 1151 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32932", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "236" ], "offsets": [ [ 1163, 1166 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32934", "type": "document", "text": [ "Supportive-expressive group therapy for primary breast cancer patients : a randomized prospective multicenter trial . OBJECTIVE The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of a manualized 12-week supportive-expressive group therapy program among primary breast cancer patients treated in community settings , to determine whether highly distressed patients were most likely to benefit and whether therapist 's training or experience was related to outcome . METHOD Three hundred and fifty-three women within one year of diagnosis with primary breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive supportive-expressive group therapy or to an education control condition . Participants were recruited from two academic centers and nine oncology practices , which were members of NCI 's Community Clinical Oncology Program ( CCOP ) and were followed over 2 years . RESULTS A 2x2x19 analysis of variance was conducted with main effects of treatment condition , cohort , and baseline distress and their interactions . There was no main effect for treatment condition after removing one subject with an extreme score . Highly distressed women did not derive a greater benefit from treatment . Therapist training and psychotherapy experience were not associated with a treatment effect . CONCLUSIONS This study provides no evidence of reduction in distress as the result of a brief supportive-expressive intervention for women with primary breast cancer . Future studies might productively focus on women with higher initial levels of distress ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1530 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32935", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "Supportive-expressive group therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32936", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "manualized 12-week supportive-expressive group therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 228 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32937", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "supportive-expressive group therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 228 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32938", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "education control condition" ], "offsets": [ [ 633, 660 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32939", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "supportive-expressive intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 1367, 1401 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32940", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32941", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32942", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effects of treatment condition" ], "offsets": [ [ 916, 946 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32943", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ ", cohort , and baseline distress and their interactions" ], "offsets": [ [ 947, 1002 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32944", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "treatment condition" ], "offsets": [ [ 927, 946 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32945", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "distressed" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 344 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32946", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "greater benefit" ], "offsets": [ [ 1146, 1161 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32947", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "distress" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 342 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32948", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32949", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "distress ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1520, 1530 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32950", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "primary breast cancer patients :" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32951", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "primary breast cancer patients treated in community settings" ], "offsets": [ [ 243, 303 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32952", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Highly distressed women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1105, 1128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32953", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "primary" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32954", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "women with higher initial levels of distress ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1484, 1530 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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