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Patrick M. Knapp Schwarzenegger<EOT>“I don’t even wait. And when you’re a star, they let you do it, you can do anything . . . grab them by the p----,” Trump told Bush. 1

Patrick M. Knapp Schwarzenegger

Patrick M. Knapp Schwarzenegger (born February 2, 1968) also known under his mother’s maiden name as Patrick Knapp, is an Austrian-American attorney based in Los Angeles, California. He is the son of Meinhard Schwarzenegger and Erika Knapp, and nephew of bodybuilder, actor and former Governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger.

Patrick M. Knapp Schwarzenegger (born February 2, 1968) also known under his mother’s maiden name as Patrick Knapp, is an Austrian-American attorney based in Los Angeles, California. He is the son of Meinhard Schwarzenegger and Erika Knapp, and nephew of bodybuilder, actor and former Governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger. == Early life == Patrick Knapp Schwarzenegger was born in Munich, Germany. He is the only child of Erika Knapp and Meinhard Schwarzenegger, elder brother and only sibling of former California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. On May 20, 1971, Patrick’s father Meinhard Schwarzenegger, died in a tragic car accident in Kitzbuehel, Austria, when Patrick was three years old. Patrick was raised by his mother and grandparents in Austria and Germany. In 1981 at age 13 he moved to Lisbon, Portugal, where he attended the German School of Lisbon. In 1987 Patrick graduated with the German Abitur High School Diploma and that same summer he immigrated to the United States to attend college with the help of his uncle Arnold Schwarzenegger. == Career == In 1991 Knapp Schwarzenegger graduated from the University of California, Los Angeles with degrees in Economics and Political Science and briefly worked for Congressman Lee H. Hamilton (D-Indiana), Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee. Between 1992 and 1995 Knapp Schwarzenegger attended law school and in May 1995 he graduated with a Juris Doctor from the University of Southern California School of Law. His legal experience includes work in the Sony Music legal department in New York under the helm of Tommy Mottola in 1994, and during his last year of law school Knapp Schwarzenegger worked at the Los Angeles District Attorney’s Office. That same year he was admitted to practice law in California and joined the Beverly Hills based entertainment law firm Bloom, Dekom & Hergott, currently known as Bloom, Hergott, Diemer, Rosenthal, Laviolette, Feldman, Schenkman and Goodman. His legal practice focuses on the transactional representation of TV and motion picture actors, writers, directors and producers. In 2003 Knapp Schwarzenegger became a partner at Bloom Hergott. Knapp Schwarzenegger is serving as an advisor to Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger on Season 8 of the Mark Burnett produced NBC television show "The New Celebrity Apprentice", with some of the other advisors being Tyra Banks, Warren Buffet, Jessica Alba and Steve Ballmer. == Personal life == In 1999 Knapp Schwarzenegger's mother Erika Knapp died following a two year battle with cancer. On April 30, 2005 Knapp Schwarzenegger married Texas born model turned publicist Bliss Ellis. The couple reside in Los Angeles with their four children, Valentina, Franziska, Leonardo, and Mario. In 2006 Knapp Schwarzenegger became a naturalized U.S. citizen. Before he gained his U.S. citizenship, he asked the Austrian Government for the right to keep his Austrian citizenship, as Austria does not usually allow dual citizenship. His request was granted, and he is now a dual citizen of the Federal Republic of Austria and the United States.1

0.202

Besease<EOT>1

Besease

Besease is a town in the Central Region of Ghana. The town is known for the Besease Secondary Commercial School. The school is a second cycle institution.1

Besease is a town in the Central Region of Ghana. The town is known for the Besease Secondary Commercial School. The school is a second cycle institution.1

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Star catalogue<EOT>Positions are generally given in sixths of a degree (10' of arc), except for a few latitudes which are given in fourths (15' of arc). The sky is covered from the North Pole to about 52° of Southern Declination (for 150 BC), which was the practical limit of observation from the latitude of Alexandria (31° N) . Eduardo Vila-Echagüe has been a devoted amateur for the last 50 years. He has been a member of amateur astronomy societies in Argentina and in Chile, where he currently resides. He combines a passion for the history of the ancient world with his love for astronomy. Some of his writings can be found at his web site at http://www.geocities.com/edovila. He can be contacted at edovila at vtr dot net (address modified to evade spammers.) . <doc-sep> People dividing fish always gave the man Crow the poor quality ones. Crow cut down a big paperbark tree, which fell across a creek. Crow sat on the tree crying out, "Waag. . . Waag!" As he did, the creek grew wider and wider, dividing the island into two islands. Crow turned into a bird and flew over the people. The splash from the tree caused the water to rise, and the people, who were all on the bank of the creek, all drowned. On hearing what happened, Blanket Lizard swam towards South Goulburn Island in search of his wife, but halfway across he drowned and turned into a reef. [Berndt & Berndt, p. 40] <doc-sep> As tradition dictated that the rulers of China, first kings and later emperors, should receive their political mandate from the sky, astronomy soon became a dominant science in China. The main responsibility of political power was to keep the Earth in total harmony with the sky. This obligation was called the ‘Mandate of Heaven’ and the emperor himself was called Tian Zi 天子, the Son of Heaven . The stars themselves were bestowed with astrological meaning, both enabling predictions that influenced daily life as well as major political strategies, and thus astronomy swiftly became a powerful political tool. <doc-sep> © Future Publishing Limited Quay House, The Ambury, Bath BA1 1UA . All rights reserved. England and Wales company registration number 2008885. <doc-sep> The catalogue includes meta data derived from keywords in the source list files to help characterize the detections. These are the observation ID (OBS_ID); revolution number (REVOLUT); the beginning and end of the observation in Modified Julian Date format (MJD_START and MJD_STOP); filter (ca_FILTER) and submode (ca_SUBMODE); note that the latter two apply to all exposures in a merged set, see Sec. 2.2 . In addition, 44 observations were identified to comprise regions of high spatial density of sources. In such regions the source detection fails to detect some sources and multiple sources are detected as extended. A list of these observations is given in Table 3.5 . Note that these observations can have any of the given observation classes. A few cases have been noted where the detection shows a variability that is due to inappropriate handling of the data. Two reasons have been tentatively identified: (i) The brightness of the target and possibly the background have caused the detector to go into counting mode (that is, the events are not resolved in time) which are excluded from GTIs. When an extraction region covered two or more CCDs that have very different GTIs and background brightness, the background subtraction in the automatic extraction had not enough fine-tuning and a residual variability was picked up. (ii) The start or end time of the exposure was not recorded correctly and a period of zero counts can be seen in the light curves. This was not excluded through GTIs and the detection appeared to be variable. A list of observations where apparently such a problem occurred can be found in Table 6.1 . Note that this list may not be complete. <doc-sep> Details on the crossmatch algorithm are given in Marrese et al. (2017) . 1

Star catalogue

A star catalogue (Commonwealth English) or star catalog (American English), is an astronomical catalogue that lists stars. In astronomy, many stars are referred to simply by catalogue numbers. There are a great many different star catalogues which have been produced for different purposes over the years, and this article covers only some of the more frequently quoted ones. Star catalogues were compiled by many different ancient peoples, including the Babylonians, Greeks, Chinese, Persians, and Arabs. Most modern catalogues are available in electronic format and can be freely downloaded from space agencies data center. Completeness and accuracy is described by the weakest apparent magnitude V (largest number) and the accuracy of the positions.

A star catalogue (Commonwealth English) or star catalog (American English), is an astronomical catalogue that lists stars. In astronomy, many stars are referred to simply by catalogue numbers. There are a great many different star catalogues which have been produced for different purposes over the years, and this article covers only some of the more frequently quoted ones. Star catalogues were compiled by many different ancient peoples, including the Babylonians, Greeks, Chinese, Persians, and Arabs. Most modern catalogues are available in electronic format and can be freely downloaded from space agencies data center. Completeness and accuracy is described by the weakest apparent magnitude V (largest number) and the accuracy of the positions. == Historical catalogues == == Ancient Near East == From their existing records, it is known that the ancient Egyptians recorded the names of only a few identifiable constellations and a list of thirty-six decans that were used as a star clock. The Egyptians called the circumpolar star 'the star that cannot perish' and, although they made no known formal star catalogues, they nonetheless created extensive star charts of the night sky which adorn the coffins and ceilings of tomb chambers. Although the ancient Sumerians were the first to record the names of constellations on clay tablets, the earliest known star catalogues were compiled by the ancient Babylonians of Mesopotamia in the late 2nd millennium BC, during the Kassite Period (ca. 1531 BC to ca. 1155 BC). They are better known by their Assyrian-era name 'Three Stars Each'. These star catalogues, written on clay tablets, listed thirty-six stars: twelve for 'Anu' along the celestial equator, twelve for 'Ea' south of that, and twelve for 'Enlil' to the north. The Mul.Apin lists, dated to sometime before the Neo-Babylonian Empire (626-539 BC), are direct textual descendants of the 'Three Stars Each' lists and their constellation patterns show similarities to those of later Greek civilization. == Hellenistic world and Roman Empire == In Ancient Greece, the astronomer and mathematician Eudoxus laid down a full set of the classical constellations around 370 BC. His catalogue Phaenomena, rewritten by Aratus of Soli between 275 and 250 BC as a didactic poem, became one of the most consulted astronomical texts in antiquity and beyond. It contains descriptions of the positions of the stars, the shapes of the constellations and provided information on their relative times of rising and setting. Approximately in the 3rd century BC, the Greek astronomers Timocharis of Alexandria and Aristillus created another star catalogue. Hipparchus (c. 190 – c. 120 BC) completed his star catalogue in 129 BC, which he compared to Timocharis' and discovered that the longitude of the stars had changed over time. This led him to determine the first value of the precession of the equinoxes. In the 2nd century, Ptolemy (c. 90 - c. 186 AD) of Roman Egypt published a star catalogue as part of his Almagest, which listed 1,022 stars visible from Alexandria. Ptolemy's catalogue was based almost entirely on an earlier one by Hipparchus (Newton 1977; Rawlins 1982). It remained the standard star catalogue in the Western and Arab worlds for over eight centuries. The Islamic astronomer al-Sufi updated it in 964, and the star positions were redetermined by Ulugh Beg in 1437, but it was not fully superseded until the appearance of the thousand-star catalogue of Tycho Brahe in 1598. Although the ancient Vedas of India specified how the ecliptic was to be divided into twenty-eight nakshatra, Indian constellation patterns were ultimately borrowed from Greek ones sometime after Alexander's conquests in Asia in the 4th century BC. == Ancient China == The earliest known inscriptions for Chinese star names were written on oracle bones and date to the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600 - c. 1050 BC). Sources dating from the Zhou Dynasty (c. 1050 - 256 BC) which provide star names include the Zuo Zhuan, the Shi Jing, and the "Canon of Yao" (堯典) in the Book of Documents. The Lüshi Chunqiu written by the Qin statesman Lü Buwei (d. 235 BC) provides most of the names for the twenty-eight mansions (i.e. asterisms across the ecliptic belt of the celestial sphere used for constructing the calendar). An earlier lacquerware chest found in the Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng (interred in 433 BC) contains a complete list of the names of the twenty-eight mansions. Star catalogues are traditionally attributed to Shi Shen and Gan De, two rather obscure Chinese astronomers who may have been active in the 4th century BC of the Warring States period (403-221 BC). The Shi Shen astronomy (石申天文, Shi Shen tienwen) is attributed to Shi Shen, and the Astronomic star observation (天文星占, Tianwen xingzhan) to Gan De. It was not until the Han Dynasty (202 BC - 220 AD) that astronomers started to observe and record names for all the stars that were apparent (to the naked eye) in the night sky, not just those around the ecliptic. A star catalogue is featured in one of the chapters of the late 2nd-century-BC history work Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian (145-86 BC) and contains the "schools" of Shi Shen and Gan De's work (i.e. the different constellations they allegedly focused on for astrological purposes). Sima's catalogue—the Book of Celestial Offices (天官書 Tianguan shu)—includes some 90 constellations, the stars therein named after temples, ideas in philosophy, locations such as markets and shops, and different people such as farmers and soldiers. For his Spiritual Constitution of the Universe (靈憲, Ling Xian) of 120 AD, the astronomer Zhang Heng (78-139 AD) compiled a star catalogue comprising 124 constellations. Chinese constellation names were later adopted by the Koreans and Japanese. == Islamic world == A large number of star catalogues were published by Muslim astronomers in the medieval Islamic world. These were mainly Zij treatises, including Arzachel's Tables of Toledo (1087), the Maragheh observatory's Zij-i Ilkhani (1272) and Ulugh Beg's Zij-i-Sultani (1437). Other famous Arabic star catalogues include Alfraganus' A compendium of the science of stars (850) which corrected Ptolemy's Almagest; and Azophi's Book of Fixed Stars (964) which described observations of the stars, their positions, magnitudes, brightness and colour, drawings for each constellation, and the first descriptions of Andromeda Galaxy and the Large Magellanic Cloud. Many stars are still known by their Arabic names (see List of Arabic star names). == Pre-Columbian Americas == The Motul Dictionary, compiled in the 16th century by an anonymous author (although attributed to Fray Antonio de Ciudad Real), contains a list of stars originally observed by the ancient Mayas. The Maya Paris Codex also contain symbols for different constellations which were represented by mythological beings. == Bayer and Flamsteed catalogues == Two systems introduced in historical catalogues remain in use to the present day. The first system comes from the German astronomer Johann Bayer's (1572–1625) Uranometria published in 1603 and is for bright stars. These are given a Greek letter followed by the genitive case of the constellation in which they are located; examples are Alpha Centauri or Gamma Cygni. The major problem with Bayer's naming system was the number of letters in the Greek alphabet (24). It was easy to run out of letters before running out of stars needing names, particularly for large constellations such as Argo Navis. Bayer extended his lists up to 67 stars by using lower-case Roman letters ("a" through "z") then upper-case ones ("A" through "Q"). Few of those designations have survived. It is worth mentioning, however, as it served as the starting point for variable star designations, which start with "R" through "Z", then "RR", "RS", "RT"..."RZ", "SS", "ST"..."ZZ" and beyond. The second system comes from the English astronomer John Flamsteed's (1646–1719) Historia coelestis Britannica. It kept the genitive-of-the-constellation rule for the back end of his catalogue names, but used numbers instead of the Greek alphabet for the front half. Examples include 61 Cygni and 47 Ursae Majoris. == Full-sky catalogues == Bayer and Flamsteed covered only a few thousand stars between them. In theory, full-sky catalogues try to list every star in the sky. There are, however, billions of stars resolvable by telescopes, so this is an impossible goal; with this kind of catalog, an attempt is generally made to get every star brighter than a given magnitude. == LAL == Jérôme Lalande published the Histoire Céleste Française in 1801, which contained an extensive star catalog, among other things. The observations made were made from the Paris Observatory and so it describes mostly northern stars. This catalogue contained the positions and magnitudes of 47,390 stars, out to magnitude 9, and was the most complete catalogue up to that time. A significant reworking of this catalogue in 1846 added reference numbers to the stars that are used to refer to some of these stars to this day. The decent accuracy of this catalogue kept it in common use as a reference by observatories around the world throughout the 19th century. == HD/HDE == The Henry Draper Catalogue was published in the period 1918–1924. It covers the whole sky down to about ninth or tenth magnitude, and is notable as the first large-scale attempt to catalogue spectral types of stars. The catalogue was compiled by Annie Jump Cannon and her co-workers at Harvard College Observatory under the supervision of Edward Charles Pickering, and was named in honour of Henry Draper, whose widow donated the money required to finance it. HD numbers are widely used today for stars which have no Bayer or Flamsteed designation. Stars numbered 1–225300 are from the original catalogue and are numbered in order of right ascension for the 1900.0 epoch. Stars in the range 225301–359083 are from the 1949 extension of the catalogue. The notation HDE can be used for stars in this extension, but they are usually denoted HD as the numbering ensures that there can be no ambiguity. == SAO == The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory catalogue was compiled in 1966 from various previous astrometric catalogues, and contains only the stars to about ninth magnitude for which accurate proper motions were known. There is considerable overlap with the Henry Draper catalogue, but any star lacking motion data is omitted. The epoch for the position measurements in the latest edition is J2000.0. The SAO catalogue contains this major piece of information not in Draper, the proper motion of the stars, so it is often used when that fact is of importance. The cross-references with the Draper and Durchmusterung catalogue numbers in the latest edition are also useful. Names in the SAO catalogue start with the letters SAO, followed by a number. The numbers are assigned following 18 ten-degree bands in the sky, with stars sorted by right ascension within each band. == BD/CD/CPD == The Bonner Durchmusterung (German: Bonn sampling) and follow-ups were the most complete of the pre-photographic star catalogues. The Bonner Durchmusterung itself was published by Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander, Adalbert Krüger, and Eduard Schönfeld between 1852 and 1859. It covered 320,000 stars in epoch 1855.0. As it covered only the northern sky and some of the south (being compiled from the Bonn observatory), this was then supplemented by the Südliche Durchmusterung (SD), which covers stars between declinations -1 and -23 degrees (1886, 120,000 stars). It was further supplemented by the Cordoba Durchmusterung (580,000 stars), which began to be compiled at Córdoba, Argentina in 1892 under the initiative of John M. Thome and covers declinations -22 to -90. Lastly, the Cape Photographic Durchmusterung (450,000 stars, 1896), compiled at the Cape, South Africa, covers declinations -18 to -90. Astronomers preferentially use the HD designation of a star, as that catalogue also gives spectroscopic information, but as the Durchmusterungs cover more stars they occasionally fall back on the older designations when dealing with one not found in Draper. Unfortunately, a lot of catalogues cross-reference the Durchmusterungs without specifying which one is used in the zones of overlap, so some confusion often remains. Star names from these catalogues include the initials of which of the four catalogues they are from (though the Southern follows the example of the Bonner and uses BD; CPD is often shortened to CP), followed by the angle of declination of the star (rounded towards zero, and thus ranging from +00 to +89 and -00 to -89), followed by an arbitrary number as there are always thousands of stars at each angle. Examples include BD+50°1725 or CD-45°13677. == AC == The Catalogue astrographique (Astrographic Catalogue) was part of the international Carte du Ciel programme designed to photograph and measure the positions of all stars brighter than magnitude 11.0. In total, over 4.6 million stars were observed, many as faint as 13th magnitude. This project was started in the late 19th century. The observations were made between 1891 and 1950. To observe the entire celestial sphere without burdening too many institutions, the sky was divided among 20 observatories, by declination zones. Each observatory exposed and measured the plates of its zone, using a standardized telescope (a "normal astrograph") so each plate photographed had a similar scale of approximately 60 arcsecs/mm. The U.S. Naval Observatory took over custody of the catalogue, now in its 2000.2 edition. == USNO-B1.0 == USNO-B1.0 is an all-sky catalogue created by research and operations astrophysicists at the U.S. Naval Observatory (as developed at the United States Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station), that presents positions, proper motions, magnitudes in various optical passbands, and star/galaxy estimators for 1,042,618,261 objects derived from 3,643,201,733 separate observations. The data was obtained from scans of 7,435 Schmidt plates taken for the various sky surveys during the last 50 years. USNO-B1.0 is believed to provide all-sky coverage, completeness down to V = 21, 0.2 arcsecond astrometric accuracy at J2000.0, 0.3 magnitude photometric accuracy in up to five colors, and 85% accuracy for distinguishing stars from non-stellar objects. USNO-B is now followed by NOMAD; both can be found on the Naval Observatory server. The Naval Observatory is currently working on B2 and C variants of the USNO catalogue series. == GSC == The Guide Star Catalog is an online catalogue of stars produced for the purpose of accurately positioning and identifying stars satisfactory for use as guide stars by the Hubble Space Telescope program. The first version of the catalogue was produced in the late 1980s by digitizing photographic plates and contained about 20 million stars, out to about magnitude 15. The latest version of this catalogue contains information for 945,592,683 stars, out to magnitude 21. The latest version continues to be used to accurately position the Hubble Space Telescope. == Gaia Catalogue == Gaia DR1, the first data release of the spacecraft Gaia mission, based on 14 months of observations made through September 2015, took place on September 13, 2016. The data release includes positions and magnitudes in a single photometric band for 1.1 billion stars using only Gaia data, positions, parallaxes and proper motions for more than 2 million stars based on a combination of Gaia and Tycho-2 data for those objects in both catalogues, light curves and characteristics for about 3000 variable stars, and positions and magnitudes for more than 2000 extragalactic sources used to define the celestial reference frame. Data from this DR1 release can be accessed at the Gaia archive. The full Gaia catalogue will be released in 2022. == Specialized catalogues == Specialized catalogues make no effort to list all the stars in the sky, working instead to highlight a particular type of star, such as variables or nearby stars. == ADS == Aitken's double star catalogue New general catalogue of double stars within 120 deg of the North Pole (1932, R. G. Aitken). This lists 17,180 double stars north of declination −30 degrees. == BS, BSC, HR == First published in 1930 as the Yale Catalog of Bright Stars, this catalogue contained information on all stars brighter than visual magnitude 6.5 in the Harvard Revised Photometry Catalogue. The list was revised in 1983 with the publication of a supplement that listed additional stars down to magnitude 7.1. The catalogue detailed each star's coordinates, proper motions, photometric data, spectral types, and other useful information. The last printed version of the Bright Star Catalogue was the 4th revised edition, released in 1982. The 5th edition is in electronic form and is available online. == Carbon stars == Stephenson's General Catalogue of galactic Carbon stars is a catalogue of 7000+ carbon stars. == Gl, GJ, Wo == The Gliese (later Gliese-Jahreiß) catalogue attempts to list all star systems within 20 parsecs (65 ly) of Earth ordered by right ascension (see the List of nearest stars). Later editions expanded the coverage to 25 parsecs (82 ly). Numbers in the range 1.0–915.0 (Gl numbers) are from the second edition, which was Catalogue of Nearby Stars (1969, W. Gliese). The integers up to 915 represent systems which were in the first edition. Numbers with a decimal point were used to insert new star systems for the second edition without destroying the desired order (by right ascension). This catalogue is referred to as CNS2, although this name is never used in catalogue numbers. Numbers in the range 9001–9850 (Wo numbers) are from the supplement Extension of the Gliese catalogue (1970, R. Woolley, E. A. Epps, M. J. Penston and S. B. Pocock). Numbers in the ranges 1000–1294 and 2001–2159 (GJ numbers) are from the supplement Nearby Star Data Published 1969–1978 (1979, W. Gliese and H. Jahreiß). The range 1000–1294 represents nearby stars, while 2001–2159 represents suspected nearby stars. In the literature, the GJ numbers are sometimes retroactively extended to the Gl numbers (since there is no overlap). For example, Gliese 436 can be interchangeably referred to as either Gl 436 or GJ 436. Numbers in the range 3001–4388 are from Preliminary Version of the Third Catalogue of Nearby Stars (1991, W. Gliese and H. Jahreiß). Although this version of the catalogue was termed "preliminary", it is still the current one as of March 2006, and is referred to as CNS3. It lists a total of 3,803 stars. Most of these stars already had GJ numbers, but there were also 1,388 which were not numbered. The need to give these 1,388 some name has resulted in them being numbered 3001–4388 (NN numbers, for "no name"), and data files of this catalogue now usually include these numbers. An example of a star which is often referred to by one of these unofficial GJ numbers is GJ 3021. == GCTP == The General Catalogue of Trigonometric Parallaxes, first published in 1952 and later superseded by the New GCTP (now in its fourth edition), covers nearly 9,000 stars. Unlike the Gliese, it does not cut off at a given distance from the Sun; rather it attempts to catalogue all known measured parallaxes. It gives the co-ordinates in 1900 epoch, the secular variation, the proper motion, the weighted average absolute parallax and its standard error, the number of parallax observations, quality of interagreement of the different values, the visual magnitude and various cross-identifications with other catalogues. Auxiliary information, including UBV photometry, MK spectral types, data on the variability and binary nature of the stars, orbits when available, and miscellaneous information to aid in determining the reliability of the data are also listed. 1952 edition and 1962 supplement. Louise F. Jenkins, Yale University Observatory. William F. van Altena, John Truen-liang Lee and Ellen Dorrit Hoffleit, Yale University Observatory, 1995. == HIP == The Hipparcos catalogue was compiled from the data gathered by the European Space Agency's astrometric satellite Hipparcos, which was operational from 1989 to 1993. The catalogue was published in June 1997 and contains 118,218 stars; an updated version with re-processed data was published in 2007. It is particularly notable for its parallax measurements, which are considerably more accurate than those produced by ground-based observations. See Stellar parallax and List of stars in the Hipparcos Catalogue. == PPM == The PPM Star Catalogue is one of the best, both in the proper motion and star position till 1999. Not as precise as Hipparcos catalogue but with many more stars. The PPM was built from BD, SAO, HD and more, with sophisticated algorithm and is an extension for the Fifth Fundamental Catalogue, "Catalogues of Fundamental Stars". == Proper motion catalogues == A common way of detecting nearby stars is to look for relatively high proper motions. Several catalogues exist, of which we'll mention a few. The Ross and Wolf catalogues pioneered the domain: Ross, Frank Elmore, New Proper Motion Stars, eight successive lists, The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 36 to 48, 1925-1939 Wolf, Max, "Katalog von 1053 stärker bewegten Fixsternen", Veröff. d. Badischen Sternwarte zu Heidelberg (Königstuhl), Bd. 7, No. 10, 1919; and numerous lists in Astronomische Nachrichten, 209 to 236, 1919-1929 Willem Jacob Luyten later produced a series of catalogues: L - Luyten, Proper motion stars and White dwarfs Luyten, W. J., Proper Motion Survey with the forty-eight inch Schmidt Telescope, University of Minnesota, 1941 (General Catalogue of the Bruce Proper-Motion Survey) LFT - Luyten Five-Tenths catalogue Luyten, W. J., A Catalog of 1849 Stars with Proper Motion exceeding 0.5" annually, Lund Press, Minneapolis (Mn), 1955 () LHS - Luyten Half-Second catalogue Luyten, W. J., Catalogue of stars with proper motions exceeding 0"5 annually, University of Minnesota, 1979 () LTT - Luyten Two-Tenths catalogue Luyten, W. J. Luyten's Two Tenths. A catalogue of 9867 stars in the Southern Hemisphere with proper motions exceeding 0".2 annually, Minneapolis, 1957; A catalogue of 7127 stars in the Northern Hemisphere with proper motions exceeding 0".2 annually``, Minneapolis, 1961; also supplements 1961–1962. () NLTT - New Luyten Two-Tenths catalogue Luyten, W. J., New Luyten Catalogue of stars with proper motions larger than two tenths of an arcsecond (NLTT), Univ. of Minnesota, 1979, supplement 1980 () LPM - Luyten Proper-Motion catalogue Luyten, W. J., Proper Motion Survey with the 48 inch Schmidt Telescope, University of Minnesota, 1963-1981 LP numbers: L in zones -45 to -89 deg.; LP in zones +89 to -44 deg. Around the same time period, Henry Lee Giclas worked on a similar series of catalogues: Giclas, H. L., et al., Lowell Proper Motion Survey, Lowell Observatory Bulletin, 1971-1979 () == uvby98 == The ubvyβ Photoelectric Photometric Catalogue is a compilation of previously published photometric data. Published in 1998, the catalogue includes 63,316 stars surveyed through 1996. == Successors to USNO-A, USNO-B, NOMAD, UCAC and Others == Stars evolve and move over time, making catalogues evolving, impermanent databases at even the most rigorous levels of production. The USNO catalogues are the most current and widely used astrometric catalogues available at present, and include USNO products such as USNO-B (the successor to USNO-A), NOMAD, UCAC and others in production or narrowly released. Some users may see specialized catalogues (more recent versions of the above), tailored catalogues, interferometrically-produced cataloges, dynamic catalogues, and those with updated positions, motions, colors, and improved errors. Catalogue data is continually collected at the Naval Observatory dark-sky facility, NOFS; and the latest refined, updated catalogues are reduced and produced by NOFS and the USNO. See the USNO Catalog and Image Servers for more information and access.1

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Baiju Bawra (film)<EOT>1

Baiju Bawra (film)

Baiju Bawra is a 1952 Hindi film directed by Vijay Bhatt. Produced by Prakash Pictures, with story by Ramchandra Thakur and dialogues by Zia Sarhadi, Baiju Bawra was a musical "megahit" which had a mighty run of 100 weeks in the theatres. Bhatt's decision to make a film based on classical music was met with scepticism by the Indian film industry due to its "lack of mass appeal", but the film and music turned out be an "overwhelming success". The film's music director was Naushad, who had become popular giving folk-based music in films like Rattan, Anmol Ghadi, Shahjehan (1946) and Deedar (1951). With Bhatt's Baiju Bawra, Naushad introduced classical component in Hindi film songs. The soundtrack based on light classical ragas, made use of folk, thumri or dadra, with a stronger raga used in the last contest song between Tansen and Baiju. The lyricist was Shakeel Badayuni, a Naushad discovery. For Baiju Bawra, he had to forgo Urdu, and write lyrics in pure Hindi, with songs like the bhajan, "Man Tadpat Hari Darshan Ko Aaj", becoming popular. The film starred Bharat Bhushan as Baiju, with Meena Kumari playing his love interest Gauri. Meena made her acting debut in Bhatt's Leatherface (1939) as a seven-year-old. Surendra portrayed Tansen, one of the Navratans (music) in Akbar's court. Kuldip Kaur played the role of the dacoit queen Roopmati. The rest of the cast included Bipin Gupta, Manmohan Krishna, B. V. Vyas and Baby Tabassum. The film merges the legend of Baiju Bawra with the historic setting of Mughal Emperor Akbar's court in India. Baiju (Bhushan) is the son of a musician who also grows up to be a musician. He comes to believe that Tansen, the famed musician at the court of Akbar, is responsible for his father's death. The movie then follows Baiju's attempt to avenge his father's death by challenging Tansen to a musical duel. Even though there were many changes in the storyline from the original life of Baiju Bawra, the film was both a commercial and critical success and catapulted both its lead actors into stardom. Meena Kumari became the first-ever Filmfare Best Actress Award winner in 1954, the first of four Best Actress trophies she won in her career. The film's music director, Naushad, also received the inaugural Filmfare Best Music Director Award for the song "Tu Ganga Ki Mauj"; this was Naushad's first and only Filmfare Award win.

Baiju Bawra is a 1952 Hindi film directed by Vijay Bhatt. Produced by Prakash Pictures, with story by Ramchandra Thakur and dialogues by Zia Sarhadi, Baiju Bawra was a musical "megahit" which had a mighty run of 100 weeks in the theatres. Bhatt's decision to make a film based on classical music was met with scepticism by the Indian film industry due to its "lack of mass appeal", but the film and music turned out be an "overwhelming success". The film's music director was Naushad, who had become popular giving folk-based music in films like Rattan, Anmol Ghadi, Shahjehan (1946) and Deedar (1951). With Bhatt's Baiju Bawra, Naushad introduced classical component in Hindi film songs. The soundtrack based on light classical ragas, made use of folk, thumri or dadra, with a stronger raga used in the last contest song between Tansen and Baiju. The lyricist was Shakeel Badayuni, a Naushad discovery. For Baiju Bawra, he had to forgo Urdu, and write lyrics in pure Hindi, with songs like the bhajan, "Man Tadpat Hari Darshan Ko Aaj", becoming popular. The film starred Bharat Bhushan as Baiju, with Meena Kumari playing his love interest Gauri. Meena made her acting debut in Bhatt's Leatherface (1939) as a seven-year-old. Surendra portrayed Tansen, one of the Navratans (music) in Akbar's court. Kuldip Kaur played the role of the dacoit queen Roopmati. The rest of the cast included Bipin Gupta, Manmohan Krishna, B. V. Vyas and Baby Tabassum. The film merges the legend of Baiju Bawra with the historic setting of Mughal Emperor Akbar's court in India. Baiju (Bhushan) is the son of a musician who also grows up to be a musician. He comes to believe that Tansen, the famed musician at the court of Akbar, is responsible for his father's death. The movie then follows Baiju's attempt to avenge his father's death by challenging Tansen to a musical duel. Even though there were many changes in the storyline from the original life of Baiju Bawra, the film was both a commercial and critical success and catapulted both its lead actors into stardom. Meena Kumari became the first-ever Filmfare Best Actress Award winner in 1954, the first of four Best Actress trophies she won in her career. The film's music director, Naushad, also received the inaugural Filmfare Best Music Director Award for the song "Tu Ganga Ki Mauj"; this was Naushad's first and only Filmfare Award win. == Plot == Tansen is known to be the greatest classical vocalist ever to have existed in India, and was one of the nine jewels (Navaratnas) of Emperor Akbar's court. Nobody could sing in the city unless he or she could sing better than Tansen. If this was not the case, he or she was executed. Baiju Bawra is the story of an unknown singer, Baiju, who is on a mission to defeat Tansen in a musical duel to avenge the death of his father. When Baiju is still a child, Tansen's sentry tries to stop Baiju's father from singing, and in the ensuing scuffle, his father dies. Before dying, he extracts a promise from his son to take revenge against Tansen. Baiju gets shelter from a village priest and while growing up, falls in love with Gauri, the daughter of a boatman. He continues his musical education on his own, but gets so enamoured by Gauri's love that he forgets the promise made to his father. Later, a group of dacoits raid Baiju's village. With his song, Baiju persuades them against looting the village, but the female leader of the dacoits falls in love with him and asks him to follow them to their fort as a condition for their sparing the village. Baiju leaves with her, leaving the wailing Gauri behind. In the fort, the dacoit leader, who is actually a princess living in exile, tells Baiju how her father's serfdom had been usurped and she was seeking revenge because the village too previously belonged to her father. The word "revenge" brings all of Baiju's memories back; he leaves the fort greatly agitated, and the princess does not try to stop him. Baiju sneaks into the Mughal palace, where Tansen is singing. He is dumbstruck by the way Tansen sings, and the sword that was supposed to cut the maestro's throat fell on the tanpura, saddening Tansen. He said he could only be killed by music, and the pain that accompanies it. "Dip your notes in melancholy and I'll die on my own," he said. Baiju accordingly leaves the palace to learn "real" music. Baiju remembers that when his father was killed, he was taking Baiju to Swami Haridas. He goes to see the Swami himself and asks for his guidance, informing him of his plan to take revenge against Tansen. Haridas tells Baiju that one must be in love to be a true musician, and thus Baiju must rid himself of all the hatred in his heart, but still gives him a vina and accepts him as his disciple. Baiju again starts his musical training, spending all his time in a Shiva temple, but his vengeful feelings never leave him. Nonetheless, he still reveres his guru, Haridas. After learning that his teacher had fallen seriously ill and was unable to walk, Baiju sings a song that so thrills Haridas that the master gets out of his bed and starts to walk. Gauri, meanwhile, is so distraught over Baiju's departure that she is about to swallow poison. At that point, the princess who had taken Baiju from the village comes to her and tells her that she knows of Baiju's whereabouts. Gauri meets Baiju and tries to convince him to return to the village so they can be married; Baiju, however, refuses, as he feels he must take revenge against Tansen. At this point, Haridas arrives, and Baiju goes to receive him, once again leaving a crying Gauri behind. Haridas tells Baiju that to be a true singer, he has to feel real pain. Hearing this, Gauri decides to make a venomous snake bite her, thinking that her death would bring enough grief to Baiju that he would defeat Tansen. Baiju sees Gauri's lifeless body and goes mad, with the princess' attempts to get through to him being futile. Baiju instead goes to the Shiva temple and sings a heart-wrenching song condemning the God who had consigned him to his fate; even the idol of Lord Shiva sheds tears at Baiju's grief. In his delirious state, Baiju reaches Tansen's city, singing the whole way. The residents fear for his life and call him bawra (insane), hence the title of the movie. Baiju is caught and imprisoned, but the princess frees him. However, both of them are caught by Mughal soldiers when escaping, leaving a musical duel with Tansen as the only way to save his life. Emperor Akbar himself witnesses the competition. For a long time, both the singers prove to be equally good. Then Akbar suggests that whoever could melt a marble slab with his singing would win the duel. Baiju manages to do so and wins the competition, saving his own life and finally avenging his father's death. Tansen accepts his defeat graciously, and is in fact happy that there is someone better than him. Baiju persuades Akbar to spare Tansen's life, to return the princess' land to her, and to allow music in the streets. After winning the musical duel, Baiju departs from the court. Emperor Akbar is unhappy to see him go and asks Tansen to sing to produce a storm and floods to make him stay. Tansen sings raga Megh and the river Yamuna floods. (This scene was cut from the final film.) Meanwhile, Gauri is alive but her father is deeply upset. The entire village makes fun of Gauri's and Baiju's love affair. Her father warns her that either Baiju be found, or Gauri should marry a village moneylender and in case she refuses, he would commit suicide. Gauri, unwilling to divulge Baiju's whereabouts, agrees to marry the money-lender. Discovering that she is still alive, Baiju goes to meet Gauri. On the other side of a swollen Yamuna River, Baiju is stuck. The boatmen refuse to take him to the other side. Despite not knowing how to swim, Baiju pushes the boat into the raging waters and starts rowing it. He starts singing and Gauri hears it. She starts running towards the bank. When she sees Baiju struggling with the boat, she jumps into the water to rescue Baiju. The boat topples over and after a lot of struggle Gauri manages to reach him. He urges her to go back and leave him but Gauri replies that they had promised to be together in life and in death, and she would be content in dying with him. They both drown. == Cast == Meena Kumari as Gauri Bharat Bhushan as Baijnath 'Baiju' Surendra as Sangeet Samrat Tansen Kuldip Kaur as Daku Roopmati Bipin Gupta as Shahenshah Akbar Manmohan Krishna as Shankar Anand B. M. Vyas as Mohan Mishra as Narpat Radhakrishan as Ghasit Khan Kesari as Ganjoo Rattan Kumar as Young Baijnath Baby Tabassum as Young Gauri Rai Mohan as Swami Haridas Bhagwanji as Baiju's Father Nadir as Hathi Singh Ramesh as Sohil Khan Krishna Kumari as Vasanti Sitaram Tikaram as Athavale == Production == == Story and location == Vijay Bhatt had earlier made religious classics ike Bharat Milap (1942) and Ram Rajya (1943), with Ram Rajya being the only film Mahatma Gandhi watched. Bhatt's interest in literature and music, compelled him to make a film about Tansen and the folk-legend singer Baiju Bawra as the main focus. A revenge theme was brought in with a love story and some comic interludes. Emphasis was also laid on the Guru-shishya tradition concentrating on the bond between Baiju and his Guru Swami Haridas, who was also Tansen's Guru. Bhatt's decision to make a film based on Indian classical music was met with scepticism by the film industry due to its "lack of mass appeal", with his friends referring to him as "Viju Bawra" (Viju Crazy/Insane). Vijay Bhatt was the first to use two "classical giants on a common platform for path-breaking duets" twice. Ustad Amir Khan with Pandit D. V. Paluskar in Baiju Bawra and shehnai maestro Ustad Bismillah Khan and the innovative sitar player, Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan in Goonj Uthi Shehnai. The film was shot at Prakash Pictures studio at Andheri East in Bombay. According to Ayaz, nobody working on the sets "felt that they were working on a film that would become a milestone". The song sequence of "Tu Ganga ki Mauj" was shot at a river in Dahisar, near Bombay. The film took a year for completion. == Casting == The original choice for the cast were Dilip Kumar as Baiju and Nargis as Gauri. Bhatt's option for Bharat Bhushan and Meena Kumari in the main roles was a matter of financial deliberation and continuity of dates required for the shooting. Meena Kumari, then called Mehajabeen Naaz, started her acting career at the age of seven in Vijay Bhatt's film Leatherface (1939). Her name was changed by Bhatt to Baby Meena. She acted in several films as a child star including Bhatt's Ek Hi Bhool (1940). Meena Kumari's first adult role was in Bachchon Ka Khel (Child’s Play) (1946) directed by Raja Nene. Filmindia in the June 1946 issue, commented on her appearance "Meena Kumari, up till recently a 'baby,' now plays the charming heroine of the story". Several socials, mythologicals and fantasy films followed. In 1952, Meena Kumari "shot into stardom" following the release of Baiju Bawra. Kumari became the inaugural best actress winner at Filmfare Award for the film. The category for Best Actress was introduced by the Filmfare Awards Committee for the first time that year. Bharat Bhushan began his career in Kidar Sharma's film Chitralekha (1941) made in Calcutta. After some supporting roles, he was cast in Sohag Raat (1948) opposite Geeta Bali and Begum Para, and in Devendra Goel's Aankhein (1951). His career as a tragic hero ran parallel with that of Dilip Kumar in the 1950s, but he lacked the "intensity and charisma" of Kumar. However, his "mellow looks matched by a soft voice" had the compassion required to depict sympathetic roles, with his forte being a "sensitive, suffering poet-musician" in several hit musicals like Baiju Bawra, Mirza Ghalib (1954), Basant Bahar (1956), Barsaat Ki Raat (1960) and Sangeet Samrat Tansen (1962). Signed by Bhatt for Baiju Bawra, his "unruly mop and simple demeanour" established him as a star and "crystallised Bhushan’s image as an actor of 'note'". The pathos required of his role was acclaimed by critics as well as audiences, as were the singing sequences of classical raga-based songs in Mohammad Rafi's voice. Bhatt and Bhushan worked again the following year in Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1953), for which Bhushan received the Filmfare Best Actor Award. Surendra, a popular leading actor of the 1930s and 1940s, turned to character roles in the 50s. The character of Tansen in Baiju Bawra was a career-reviving role for him. One of the "greatest" highlights of the film was the music-singing competition (jugalbandi) between the court musician Tansen and Baiju. Surendra had sung his own songs in his early career, however, he had to lip-sync to Ustad Amir Khan for the song "Ghanana Ghanana Kar Barso Re" in raga Malhar, while the song sequence between Tansen and Baiju had Ustad Amir Khan and D. V. Paluskar providing playback singing for them. He played the role of Tansen in three films, Baiju Bawra, Rani Roopmati (1957) and Mughal-E-Azam (1960). Kuldip Kaur was known for her negative characters and cited as Indian cinema's "most polished vamps". Starting her career with a Punjabi film Chaman (1948), she went on to portray female villain roles in several films. Her role as the "strong dacoit queen" who lures Baiju away from his village made a "major impact" and was critically acclaimed. == Music == Naushad, had come into prominence following his fourth film Station Master (1942), a Bhatt film production. The box-office success of Station Master helped Naushad showcase his talent and become popular. Naushad at this time was under contract to A. R. Kardar who had allowed him to score music for other companies. Bhatt brought in Naushad to give music for Baiju Bawra because of his expertise in classical music. The two worked together along with Bhatt's older brother Shankar for six months. Shankar was "opposed" to the idea of a Hindi film filled with ragas as he feared it would drive the audiences away. But Naushad and Bhatt were adamant to change “public taste” in film music and in Naushad’s words "it worked". Naushad's use of classical music in Baiju Bawra helped it become one of the top ten films of the 1950s and is "remembered mostly for its music". The bandish in raga Desi between Amir Khan and D. V. Paluskar, and Khan's "Tori Jai Jai Kar" in raga Puriya Dhanashree constituted the highlights of the film. However, the solos by Mohammed Rafi "Man Tadpat Hari Darshan Ko Aaj" in raga Malkauns, "O Duniya Ke Rakhwale" in raga Darbari, "Tu Ganga Ki Mauj" in raga Bhairavi and "Insan Bano" in raga Todi are cited as the "real treasures". His composition in the film is cited as the first use of classical medium by Naushad, but he had based a large number of his songs on Indian rāgas. In Shahjehan (1946) he had composed three classical based tunes for K. L. Saigal, known to be a prominent classical singer. He did the same in Mela 1948 and Deedar 1951. == Soundtrack == The plot centred around music, so it was a necessity that the movie's soundtrack be outstanding. Renowned Bollywood music director Naushad and lyricist Shakeel Badayuni created memorable songs for the movie, with all but one being based on Hindustani classical melodies (ragas). Esteemed playback singers Mohammad Rafi, Lata Mangeshkar, and Shamshad Begum, and renowned classical vocalists Amir Khan and D. V. Paluskar lent their voices to the score. Amir Khan was a consultant for the music. The result was a critically acclaimed movie soundtrack. Famous songs from the movie include "O Duniya Ke Rakhwale" (based on Raga Darbari), "Tu Ganga Ki Mouj" (based on Raga Bhairavi), "Mohe Bhool Gaye Sanwariya" (based on Raga Bhairav with traces of Raga Kalingda), "Man Tarpat Hari Darshan Ko Aaj" (based on Raga Malkauns), "Aaj Gaawat Man Mero" (Raga Desi), and Jhoole Mein Pawan Ki Aayi Bahar (based on Raga Pilu). Naushad won the Filmfare Award for Best Music Director, his first and only win. The film also established Mohammad Rafi as the top playback singer in Hindi films, a position he held until the late '60s. The songs Rafi sang for the film, including "Man Tarpat Hari Darshan Ko Aaj" and the most famous "O Duniya Ke Rakhwale", went on to become smash hits. All lyrics written by Shakeel Badayuni; all music composed by Naushad. == Awards == == Remake == A remake of the film was announced on November 2010. It will be written, directed and produced by American-Indian writer Krishna Shah. Aamir Khan has been approached to do the role of Baiju Bawra. A. R. Rahman has been roped in as the music director. The film is currently in pre-production.1

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Hpakant<EOT>1

Hpakant

Hpakant (Burmese: ဖားကန့်; also Hpakan and Farkent), is a town in Hpakant Township, Kachin State of the northernmost part of the Union of Myanmar. It is located on the Uyu River 350 km north of Mandalay in the middle of one of the world's most inhospitable and malaria infested jungles, cut off for several months a year during the monsoons. It is famous for its jade mines which produce the world's best quality jadeite. In 2011 fighting broke out between the Kachin Independence Army and the Burmese Army in the area around the Hpakant jade mines displacing an estimated 90,000 people by September, 2012 and killing hundreds of people.

Hpakant (Burmese: ဖားကန့်; also Hpakan and Farkent), is a town in Hpakant Township, Kachin State of the northernmost part of the Union of Myanmar. It is located on the Uyu River 350 km north of Mandalay in the middle of one of the world's most inhospitable and malaria infested jungles, cut off for several months a year during the monsoons. It is famous for its jade mines which produce the world's best quality jadeite. In 2011 fighting broke out between the Kachin Independence Army and the Burmese Army in the area around the Hpakant jade mines displacing an estimated 90,000 people by September, 2012 and killing hundreds of people. == Transport == Located 48 miles from Mogaung, Hpakant. == Political economy == Like an old mining town of the American West, Hpakant has been dubbed "the wild wild east" replete with alcohol, gambling, prostitution, and opium dens. Since after the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) came into the area before negotiating a cease-fire agreement with Burma's military government in the early 1990s, heroin is no longer openly on sale on the streets of Hpakant. Both addicts and drug dealers were rounded up, taken to the nearby Uru River, shot and dumped in the river. Concerns have been expressed regarding the encroachment on and destruction of the environment from deforestation and landslides resulting from mining activities and consequent flooding. The Uru River has also been affected by the dumping of soil. There have been instances of locals being forced to leave their homes when upland areas were bulldozed by the big mining companies. The KIA however lost control of the jade mines once the cease-fire had been arranged, and firms from China, Hong Kong and Singapore started to operate in the area after winning concessions from the government. More recently however the mining contracts went to the well known Burmese tycoon Tay Za's Htoo Group and also to Myanmar Dagaung Co Ltd, a subsidiary of the Hong Pang Group headed by Wei Hsueh-kang, a former drug trafficker and leader of the Wa insurgent group UWSA turned entrepreneur after the cease-fire deal. Maran Brang Seng, former chairman of the Kachin Independence Organisation (KIO) from 1976 until he died in 1994, was born in Hpakant in 1930. == Mining hazards == One thousand miners apparently drowned in 2000 when flood waters of the Uru River rushed into the underground mines, but the news was hushed up by the authorities according to the locals. An explosion at Hpakant Gyi mine on New Year's Eve 2008 killed 2 miners and injured 7. It is owned by another one of the ethnic cease-fire groups, the Pa-O National Army (PNA) headed by Aung Kham Hti. More than 30 (and up to 70) people are believed to have been killed in a massive landslide near Hpakant, Kachin State in early July 2009; official figures are not available. The flood waters swept away homes, blocked roads and cut communications. The disaster is being blamed on jade mining, which creates large deposits of debris that block heavy rain from reaching natural rivers and drainage, including the Uru river. About 100 jade mining companies operate in the Hpakant area. The Kachin Environmental Organization, based on the Sino-Burmese border, says that people living in the Hpakant area had appealed to the companies not to dump waste near the Uru River and to avoid environmental damage. The companies enjoy government backing, however, and local complaints are regularly ignored. On 22 November 2015 the Hpakant jade mine disaster occurred, with over 100 killed in a landslide. Most of those killed were people living near the waste heap, who made their living scavenging through waste soil looking for jade remnants.1

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Larkin Township, Nobles County, Minnesota<EOT>1

Larkin Township, Nobles County, Minnesota

Larkin Township is a township in Nobles County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 218 at the 2000 census.

Larkin Township is a township in Nobles County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 218 at the 2000 census. == Geography == According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.8 square miles (93 km²), of which 35.8 square miles (93 km²) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km²) of it (0.08%) is water. The major geographic features in Larkin Township include the Buffalo Ridge, the drainage divide between the Mississippi River and Missouri River systems. The north branch of the Kanaranzi Creek is also located in Larkin Township. Main highways include: Minnesota State Highway 91 Nobles County Road 14 Nobles County Road 15 == History == Organization of Larkin Township was approved by the Nobles County Board on March 27, 1883. It was the last of Nobles County's townships to be organized. Petitioners had proposed the name Grove Township and were angered that the Nobles County Board chose the name Larkin. The township was named for John Larkin, late brother of county commissioner Maurice O'Hearn. The rationale at the time centered on the supposedly pivotal role John Larkin had played in supporting Bishop John Ireland's Catholic colonization efforts in southwestern Minnesota; however, little evidence exists that Larkin played any major role. == Demographics == As of the census of 2000, there were 218 people, 75 households, and 60 families residing in the township. The population density was 6.1 people per square mile (2.4/km²). There were 80 housing units at an average density of 2.2/sq mi (0.9/km²). The racial makeup of the township was 100.00% White. There were 75 households out of which 37.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 77.3% were married couples living together, and 20.0% were non-families. 18.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.91 and the average family size was 3.35. In the township the population was spread out with 31.2% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 107.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.3 males. The median income for a household in the township was $31,875, and the median income for a family was $38,750. Males had a median income of $21,364 versus $17,188 for females. The per capita income for the township was $13,805. About 13.8% of families and 15.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.3% of those under the age of eighteen and 27.9% of those sixty five or over. == Politics == Larkin Township is located in Minnesota's 1st congressional district, represented by Mankato educator Tim Walz, a Democrat. At the state level, Larkin Township is located in Senate District 22, represented by Republican Doug Magnus, and in House District 22A, represented by Republican Joe Schomacker. == Local politics == Larkin Township is represented by Nobles County Commission Gene Metz1

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Jagbir Singh<EOT>1

Jagbir Singh

Jagbir Singh (born 20 February 1965) the former Indian field hockey Centre Forward represented India in two Olympics (1988 & 1992), 1990 World Cup and was a leading light of the Indian team in all the major tournaments, for a decade, from 1985–95, including two Asian Games (1986 & 1990), the 1989 Asia Cup & Champions trophy. He was awarded the Arjuna Award for hockey by the Government of India in 1990,"Laxman Award" in 2004 & highest civilian samman "Yash Bharti Award" for the year 2015-16 by the (Government of Uttar Pradesh). In March 2017, the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India, appointed him as the national observer for hockey.

Jagbir Singh (born 20 February 1965) the former Indian field hockey Centre Forward represented India in two Olympics (1988 & 1992), 1990 World Cup and was a leading light of the Indian team in all the major tournaments, for a decade, from 1985–95, including two Asian Games (1986 & 1990), the 1989 Asia Cup & Champions trophy. He was awarded the Arjuna Award for hockey by the Government of India in 1990,"Laxman Award" in 2004 & highest civilian samman "Yash Bharti Award" for the year 2015-16 by the (Government of Uttar Pradesh). In March 2017, the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India, appointed him as the national observer for hockey. == Early life and education == Jagbir was born and raised in Agra in, Uttar Pradesh, his father Darshan Singh also played hockey and organised the all-India Dhyan Chand tournament in the city. He is an alumnus of the Guru Gobind Singh Sports College, Lucknow. == Career == Described as a 'Striking-circle assassin' during his playing days, the fleet-footed sardar also had the honour of representing the All-Star Asia XI which won the '5 Continent World Classic Cup' in Kuala Lumpur in 1990 and played for World XI (Friendly match) in 1993 in Mönchengladbac .The only Indian player so far, to play in Germany for HTC Stuttgart Kickers in the German Hockey Bundesliga 'Premier League from 1992–97. == Coaching career == He was the coach of the Indian men's team in the 2004 Olympics in Athens, Test series against Pakistan/Spain/France and the Champions Trophy held the same year in Lahore. He has attended various FIH coaching seminars and 'Advanced coaching' courses of FIH. FIH appointed him as the Coaching Course Conductor for the Olympic Solidarity Coaching Programme held at Nepal in 2008.He is also the coach for Jaypee Punjab Warriors team in Hockey India League 2013 onwards. == Media columnist and commentator career == He has been a popular commentator on TV and a much-sought after columnist and opinion-maker on hockey in several prestigious national and regional newspapers and magazines in India. He has been part of the commentary and expert analysis team in almost all the major competitions like the Olympics, World Cup, Commonwealth Games, Asian Games, Asia Cup, and other international and domestic tournaments on ESPN, Ten Sports, Doordarshan, NDTV, Times Now, CNN IBN etc.1

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Pemba South Region<EOT>1

Pemba South Region

Pemba South Region (Swahili: Kusini Pemba) is one of the 31 regions of Tanzania. Located on Pemba Island, the region's capital is Mkoani.

Pemba South Region (Swahili: Kusini Pemba) is one of the 31 regions of Tanzania. Located on Pemba Island, the region's capital is Mkoani. == Districts == The region is administratively divided into two districts:1

0.209

Makai Senki Disgaea<EOT>1

Makai Senki Disgaea

Makai Senki Disgaea (魔界戦記ディスガイア Makai Senki Disugaia, lit., Netherworld Battle Chronicle Disgaea) is an anime series based on the video game Disgaea: Hour of Darkness. Makai Senki Disgaea follows the same general plot as the game, but with several alterations to character roles and the chronology of events. The anime was licensed by Geneon Entertainment before closing their doors in 2007. On September 1, 2010, North American anime distributor Funimation announced that they have rescued the series and release the complete series in 2011. A bonus feature on the DVD of Disgaea 2: Cursed Memories was a trailer of what the Disgaea anime would look like. The trailer showed mainly scenes from episode 1 of the game where Laharl is awakened by Etna and he challenges Mid Boss in his castle. Also shown were Flonne's descent into the Netherworld, Gordon piloting his ship through space, and a peculiar battle between Laharl and Baal (who is visibly absent in the current anime). However, the anime turned out to be completely different from what was shown in the trailer. No explanation was given for the drastic departure of the final anime from the trailer. A preview of the Disgaea anime was also available on another Geneon anime DVD, Hellsing Ultimate OVA I. Makai Senki Disgaea is also the title of several distinct manga and light novel series based on the Disgaea game series.

Makai Senki Disgaea (魔界戦記ディスガイア Makai Senki Disugaia, lit., Netherworld Battle Chronicle Disgaea) is an anime series based on the video game Disgaea: Hour of Darkness. Makai Senki Disgaea follows the same general plot as the game, but with several alterations to character roles and the chronology of events. The anime was licensed by Geneon Entertainment before closing their doors in 2007. On September 1, 2010, North American anime distributor Funimation announced that they have rescued the series and release the complete series in 2011. A bonus feature on the DVD of Disgaea 2: Cursed Memories was a trailer of what the Disgaea anime would look like. The trailer showed mainly scenes from episode 1 of the game where Laharl is awakened by Etna and he challenges Mid Boss in his castle. Also shown were Flonne's descent into the Netherworld, Gordon piloting his ship through space, and a peculiar battle between Laharl and Baal (who is visibly absent in the current anime). However, the anime turned out to be completely different from what was shown in the trailer. No explanation was given for the drastic departure of the final anime from the trailer. A preview of the Disgaea anime was also available on another Geneon anime DVD, Hellsing Ultimate OVA I. Makai Senki Disgaea is also the title of several distinct manga and light novel series based on the Disgaea game series. == Plot == Two years ago, the angel apprentice Flonne was sent to the Netherworld to assassinate King Krichevskoy. However, when she arrived at the overlord's castle, it was covered in flames. For the next two years, Flonne searched for her target, narrowing her search to a local dump. She found a coffin with Krichevskoy's emblem on it and tried to carry out the assassination. However, it turned out that it was not Krichevskoy, but his son Laharl. Learning that his father has died, Laharl set out to claim the title of overlord for himself. Flonne and another demon by the name of Etna followed after him. == Main characters == Laharl Voiced by: Kaori Mizuhashi (Japanese); Barbara Goodson (English) Two years after the death of his father, King Krichevskoy, Laharl was awakened with the ambition to become the next Overlord of the Netherworld. Laharl is an extremely self-centered individual, and insists that he is evil with great fervor, but he occasionally fails to hide his compassion, invariably leading to much teasing on the part of his vassals, Etna in particular. Laharl is very insecure with his emotions, and believes that they are signs of a weakness that Demons should not have. As such, he always responds to his vassal's taunts with adamant refusal of any kindness in his heart, usually accompanied by a rather unneeded show of force. Despite his rather slim and childlike frame, Laharl possesses immense physical strength, as well as powerful magic, and often displays his power in excess to enforce his authority over his vassals, to intimidate his opponents or when he's outraged. He is ruthless in battle, and thinks nothing of the life of his opponent until they are at his mercy. He also has an irrational fear of sexy women. In the end Laharl starts to understand what Flonne meant by love. When she is turned into a flower as punishment by Seraph Lamington, Laharl gives up his life. He is then reincarnated as a Prinny. Flonne Voiced by: Yuko Sasamoto (Japanese); Sandy Fox (English) Flonne is an angel apprentice and strong believer of love who is sent to the Netherworld to assassinate King Krichevskoy, only to find out that he is already deceased. When she learns of Laharl's refusal to believe in love, she becomes Laharl's follower in order to find good in him. She is very naive and can go on the same topic for a while. She worries about everyone, but doesn't seem too hesitant to take down a necessary opponent. Etna Voiced by: Tomoe Hanba (Japanese); Michelle Ruff (English), Kate Higgins (English trailer) Etna is Laharl's subordinate. Though she seems to serve him faithfully, she has her own secret agenda. She previously served the late King Krichevskoy. She made a promise to the king to protect Laharl, though she doesn't respect him as a superior. She herself desires to be the Overlord. Ironically, she seems to be extremely reluctant to assume the role of Overlord when Laharl named her as his successor before destroying his existence to save Flonne. Vyers Voiced by: Chihiro Suzuki (Japanese); Grant George (English) Vyers is a self-proclaimed "rival" of Laharl. He calls himself "The Count of Beauty" or "Dark Adonis", but Laharl and others refer to him simply as "Mid Boss", much to his chagrin. He seems to know when and where to appear whenever Laharl is in a jam or when he simply wants to challenge Laharl. It is hinted that he is Laharl's father. Prinnies Voiced by: Junji Majima (Japanese); Grant George (English) Prinnies are human souls sewn into penguin-like beings with demon wings and pouches. They do hard labor for very little pay as punishment for the evil deeds they have done on Earth. Etna hires an army of Prinnies who tend not to listen to her until she threatens to hurt them, although she often does so anyway. Seraph Lamington Voiced by: Junji Majima (Japanese); Jamieson Price (English) Seraph Lamington is the leader of Celestia. He is the angel responsible for sending Flonne down to the Netherworld to assassinate King Krichevskoy. Captain Gordon Voiced by: Nobuo Tobita (Japanese); Michael McConnohie (English), Jamieson Price (English trailer) Captain Gordon is the 37th Defender of Earth. He has an assistant named Jennifer and a robot named Thursday, and with them he explores space and assaults evil doers. He is very loyal to angels even going as far as bowing and kneeling for them, but demons are automatically considered targets by him. Jennifer Voiced by: Chiwa Saito (Japanese); Paula Tiso (English) Jennifer is Captain Gordon's assistant. Despite her sexy appearance, she is a scientist with a Ph.D. She is Thursday's creator. Thursday Voiced by: Yurika Ochiai (Japanese); Bob Papenbrook (English) Thursday is the robotic member of Captain Gordon's team. It is the information station of the group, responsible for analysing and fixing things. He can also transform into various weapons. Kurtis Voiced by: Kousuke Toriumi (Japanese); David Lodge (English) Kurtis is another human from Earth who works under General Carter and the Earth Defense Force like Gordon. He also suffered a traumatic experience, in which a group of terrorists destroyed the building where he and his family were in. == Theme songs == Opening theme : "Aishitageru" (愛したげる) Performed by: LOVERIN TAMBURIN Lyrics and composition by: aya. Arrangement by: Akihiro Ending theme : "Kusari" (鎖り) Vocals and composition by: Akiko Kawakami Lyrics by: Hiiro Misaki Arrangement by: Katsu Takahashi == Episode list == == Other Disgaea media == Disgaea novels- A set of novels written by Sow Kanimiso and illustrated by Chou Niku (although they were aided by Takehito Harada in the beginning) These novels begin with a novelization of the first game and then continues the story ten years later. The novels introduce many new characters including Laharl's relatives, Flonne's family, and Gordon and Jennifer's daughter. While it is unknown if the novels are considered canon, it can fit alongside Disgaea and Disgaea 2 in the canon due to the placement of the novel's plot (Disgaea 2 takes place only three years after the game, whereas the Disgaea novels are placed ten years after the first game.) Currently, there are six novels: Enter the Maoh, Revelation, Returned, On Love part 1 and part 2, and Battle of the Maoh (which also feature appearances by Zetta, Pram, Salome, and King Drake from Makai Kingdom) Laharl, Etna, and Flonne also appear in all other Nippon Ichi novels. This includes the Phantom Brave and Makai Kingdom novels. Recently, a novel for Disgaea 2 has been released. Disgaea manga- While not necessarily canon, the Disgaea manga illustrated by Arashi Shindo follows the basic storyline. Many events in the manga, while similar, have been altered completely and the humor is a lot more random. (i.e. Laharl, Etna, and Flonne begin to believe that Mid Boss is a pedophile due to his recurring presence among the three) Many characters also appear to have different personalities (i.e. on occasion, Lamington will be seen baking a cake). The art style is also very different as many of the characters appear somewhat more mature and the art is very shōjo-like. Broccoli Books released the manga in September 2006. Disgaea 2 Volume 1 was released February 2007, and the subsequent Volume 2 in July 2007. == Reception == On Anime News Network, Theron Martin gave the anime an overall grade of C-, saying that "on the balance [...] this is a wholly forgettable effort."1

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La Zona (film)<EOT>Part '80s action movie, part gross-out horror, this guilty pleasure is Saw meets Rambo . . . 1

La Zona (film)

La Zona ("The Zone") is a 2007 Mexican-Spanish-Argentine co-production film by director Rodrigo Plá. The film describes a failed break-in attempt in a gated community and the consequences for the thieves and the residents. La Zona was given the Venice Film Festival’s award for best debut feature in 2007.

La Zona ("The Zone") is a 2007 Mexican-Spanish-Argentine co-production film by director Rodrigo Plá. The film describes a failed break-in attempt in a gated community and the consequences for the thieves and the residents. La Zona was given the Venice Film Festival’s award for best debut feature in 2007. == Plot == A group of disadvantaged teenagers break into a gated community that is heavily under surveillance. == Awards == Venice Film Festival: Luigi De Laurentiis Award 2007 (Rodrigo Plá) Golden Ariel for best supporting actor 2008 (Mario Zaragoza) Golden India Catalina for best cinematography 2008 (Emiliano Villanueva) Sant Jordi Award for best Spanish actress 2008 (Maribel Verdú) Spanish actors union: newcomer award, male 2008 (Carlos Bardem) Toronto International Film Festival: International Critics' Award (FIPRESCI) 2008 (Rodrigo Plá) == Social and political aspects == La Zona shows the divide in the Mexican society, and how the class system plays an important part in the success and happiness of these characters. The film raises questions about social and political aspects in Mexico. == Main cast == Daniel Giménez Cacho as Daniel Maribel Verdú as Mariana Daniel Tovar as Alejandro Carlos Bardem as Gerardo Alan Chávez as Miguel Mario Zaragoza as Rigoberto1

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Princess Maria Anna of Braganza<EOT>1

Princess Maria Anna of Braganza

Maria Ana Rafaela Micaela Gabriela Lourença of Braganza, Infanta of Portugal, full Portuguese name: Maria Ana Rafaela Micaela Gabriela Lourença de Bragança, Infanta de Portugal (3 September 1899 – 23 June 1971) was a member of the House of Braganza and an Infanta of Portugal by birth. Through her marriage to Karl August, Hereditary Prince of Thurn and Taxis, Maria Ana was a member of the princely House of Thurn and Taxis.

Maria Ana Rafaela Micaela Gabriela Lourença of Braganza, Infanta of Portugal, full Portuguese name: Maria Ana Rafaela Micaela Gabriela Lourença de Bragança, Infanta de Portugal (3 September 1899 – 23 June 1971) was a member of the House of Braganza and an Infanta of Portugal by birth. Through her marriage to Karl August, Hereditary Prince of Thurn and Taxis, Maria Ana was a member of the princely House of Thurn and Taxis. == Family == Maria Anna was born at Schloss Fischhorn in Zell am See, Salzburg, Austria–Hungary, the daughter of Miguel, Duke of Braganza and his wife Princess Maria Theresa of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg. Her father was the Miguelist claimant to the throne of Portugal from 1866 to 1920. == Marriage and issue == Maria Anna married Prince Karl August of Thurn and Taxis, third eldest son of Albert, 8th Prince of Thurn and Taxis and his wife Archduchess Margarethe Klementine of Austria, on 18 August 1921 at Schloss Taxis in Dischingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Maria Anna and Karl August had four children: Princess Clotilde of Thurn and Taxis (born 30 November 1922- 1 September 2009) Princess Mafalda of Thurn and Taxis (born 6 March 1924 - 24 July 1989) Johannes, 11th Prince of Thurn and Taxis (5 June 1926 – 28 December 1990) Prince Albert of Thurn and Taxis (23 January 1930 – 4 February 1935) Princess Maria Anna died in Feldafing, Bavaria, Germany. == Titles, styles and honours == == Titles == 3 September 1899 – 17 December 1942: Her Royal Highness Infanta Maria Anna of Portugal 17 December 1942 - 13 June 1971: Her Royal and Serene Highness Infanta Maria Anna of Portugal, Hereditary Princess of Thurn and Taxis == Honours == == National dynastic honour == House of Braganza: Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Saint Isabel == Foreign honour == Austrian Imperial and Royal Family: Dame of the Imperial and Royal Order of the Starry Cross, 1st Class == Ancestry == 1

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Nymphaeaceae<EOT>1 Perianth nearly globose at anthesis; stigmatic disk with margin entire to crenate or dentate, appendages absent; leaf venation essentially pinnate. . 1 Nuphar 1

Nymphaeaceae

Nymphaeaceae /ˌnɪmfiːˈeɪsiː/ is a family of flowering plants, commonly called water lilies. They live as rhizomatous aquatic herbs in temperate and tropical climates around the world. The family contains five genera with about 70 known species. Water lilies are rooted in soil in bodies of water, with leaves and flowers floating on or emergent from the surface. The leaves are round, with a radial notch in Nymphaea and Nuphar, but fully circular in Victoria and Euryale. Water lilies are a well studied clade of plants because their large flowers with multiple unspecialized parts were initially considered to represent the floral pattern of the earliest flowering plants, and later genetic studies confirmed their evolutionary position as basal angiosperms. Analyses of floral morphology and molecular characteristics and comparisons with a sister taxon, the family Cabombaceae, indicate, however, that the flowers of extant water lilies with the most floral parts are more derived than the genera with fewer floral parts. Genera with more floral parts, Nuphar, Nymphaea, Victoria, have a beetle pollination syndrome, while genera with fewer parts are pollinated by flies or bees, or are self- or wind-pollinated. Thus, the large number of relatively unspecialized floral organs in the Nymphaeaceae is not an ancestral condition for the clade. Horticulturally, water lilies have been hybridized for temperate gardens since the 19th century, and the hybrids are divided into three groups: hardy, night-blooming tropical, and day-blooming tropical water lilies. Hardy water lilies are hybrids of Nymphaea species from the subgenus Castalia; night-blooming tropical water lilies are developed from the subgenus Lotos; and the day-blooming tropical plants arise from hybridization of plants of the subgenus Brachyceras. Water lilies do not have surface leaves in the winter time, and therefore the gases in the rhizome lacunae access equilibrium with the gases of the sediment water. The leftover of internal pressure is embodied by the constant streams of bubbles that outbreak when rising leaves are ruptured in the spring. Methane is still penetrating the roots and rhizome in the summer, moving fast up the petioles, and goes out over the emergent leaves into the atmosphere.

Nymphaeaceae /ˌnɪmfiːˈeɪsiː/ is a family of flowering plants, commonly called water lilies. They live as rhizomatous aquatic herbs in temperate and tropical climates around the world. The family contains five genera with about 70 known species. Water lilies are rooted in soil in bodies of water, with leaves and flowers floating on or emergent from the surface. The leaves are round, with a radial notch in Nymphaea and Nuphar, but fully circular in Victoria and Euryale. Water lilies are a well studied clade of plants because their large flowers with multiple unspecialized parts were initially considered to represent the floral pattern of the earliest flowering plants, and later genetic studies confirmed their evolutionary position as basal angiosperms. Analyses of floral morphology and molecular characteristics and comparisons with a sister taxon, the family Cabombaceae, indicate, however, that the flowers of extant water lilies with the most floral parts are more derived than the genera with fewer floral parts. Genera with more floral parts, Nuphar, Nymphaea, Victoria, have a beetle pollination syndrome, while genera with fewer parts are pollinated by flies or bees, or are self- or wind-pollinated. Thus, the large number of relatively unspecialized floral organs in the Nymphaeaceae is not an ancestral condition for the clade. Horticulturally, water lilies have been hybridized for temperate gardens since the 19th century, and the hybrids are divided into three groups: hardy, night-blooming tropical, and day-blooming tropical water lilies. Hardy water lilies are hybrids of Nymphaea species from the subgenus Castalia; night-blooming tropical water lilies are developed from the subgenus Lotos; and the day-blooming tropical plants arise from hybridization of plants of the subgenus Brachyceras. Water lilies do not have surface leaves in the winter time, and therefore the gases in the rhizome lacunae access equilibrium with the gases of the sediment water. The leftover of internal pressure is embodied by the constant streams of bubbles that outbreak when rising leaves are ruptured in the spring. Methane is still penetrating the roots and rhizome in the summer, moving fast up the petioles, and goes out over the emergent leaves into the atmosphere. == Description == The Nymphaeaceae are aquatic, rhizomatous herbs. The family is further characterized by scattered vascular bundles in the stems, and frequent presence of latex, usually with distinct, stellate-branched sclereids projecting into the air canals. Hairs are simple, usually producing mucilage (slime). Leaves are alternate and spiral, opposite or occasionally whorled, simple, peltate or nearly so, entire to toothed or dissected, short to long petiolate), with blade submerged, floating or emergent, with palmate to pinnate venation. Stipules are either present or absent. Flowers are solitary, bisexual, radial, with a long pedicel and usually floating or raised above the surface of the water, with girdling vascular bundles in receptacle. Sepals are 4-12, distinct to connate, imbricate, and often petal-like. Petals lacking or 8 to numerous, inconspicuous to showy, often intergrading with stamens. Stamens are 3 to numerous, the innermost sometimes represented by staminodes. Filaments are distinct, free or adnate to petaloid staminodes, slender and well differentiated from anthers to laminar and poorly differentiated from anthers; pollen grains usually monosulcate or lacking apertures. Carpels are 3 to numerous, distinct or connate. Fruit is an aggregate of nuts, a berry, or an irregularly dehiscent fleshy capsule. Seeds are often arillate, more or less lacking sperm. == Taxonomy == Nymphaeaceae has been investigated systematically for decades because botanists considered their floral morphology to represent one of the earliest groups of angiosperms. Modern genetic analyses by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group researchers has confirmed its basal position among flowering plants. In addition, the Nymphaeaceae are more genetically diverse and geographically dispersed than other basal angiosperms. Nymphaeaceae is placed in the order Nymphaeales, which is the second diverging group of angiosperms after Amborella in the most widely accepted flowering plant classification system, APG IV system. Nymphaeaceae is a small family of three to six genera: Barclaya, Euryale, Nuphar, Nymphaea, Ondinea, and Victoria. The genus Barclaya is sometimes given rank as its own family, Barclayaceae, on the basis of an extended perianth tube (combined sepals and petals) arising from the top of the ovary and by stamens that are joined in the base. However, molecular phylogenetic work includes it in Nymphaeaceae. The genus Ondinea has recently been shown to be a morphologically aberrant species of Nymphaea, and is now included in this genus. The genera Euryale, of far east Asia, and Victoria, from South America, are closely related despite their geographic distance, but their relationship toward Nymphaea need further studies. The sacred lotus was once thought to be a water lily, but is now recognized to be a highly modified eudicot in its own family Nelumbonaceae of the order Proteales. == As invasive species == The beautiful nature of water lilies has led to their widespread use as ornamental plants. The Mexican water lily, native to the Gulf Coast of North America, is planted throughout the continent. It has escaped from cultivation and become invasive in some areas, such as California's San Joaquin Valley. It can infest slow-moving bodies of water and is difficult to eradicate. Populations can be controlled by cutting top growth. Herbicides can also be used to control populations using glyphosate and fluridone. == Symbolism == The white water lily is the national flower of Bangladesh and state flower for Andhra Pradesh, India. The seal of Bangladesh contains a lily floating on water. The blue waterlily is the national flower of Sri Lanka. It is also the birth flower for July. Lily pads, also known as Seeblätter, are a charge in Northern European heraldry, often coloured red (gules), and appear on the flag of Friesland and the coat of arms of Denmark (in the latter case often replaced by red hearts). The water lily has a special place in Sangam literature and Tamil poetics, where it is considered symbolic of the grief of separation; it is considered to evoke imagery of the sunset, the seashore, and the shark. == In visual arts == Water lilies were depicted by the French artist Claude Monet (1840–1926) in a series of paintings.1

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Politics of Tajikistan<EOT>Though frequently compared to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the SCO, as described by both China and Russia, is a "partnership instead of alliance." Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov has stated that the SCO is a major component of the new, "polycentric world order," but the SCO is dominated by China and Russia. The organization also espouses many of the same foreign policy tenets as Beijing, including mutual benefit, nonintervention, and nonalignment. Moreover, Chinese and Russian fear of "color revolutions"—the democratic, largely nonviolent uprisings that overthrew several post-Soviet governments in the 2000s—shapes the overall mission of the organization. As China’s public security minister, Guo Shengkun, commented at an SCO security conference in 2014, "External forces are using the social-economic contradictions and problems . . . to overthrow the authorities and are trying to provoke a new wave of color revolutions." 1

Politics of Tajikistan

The politics of Tajikistan takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Legislative power is vested in both the executive branch and the two chambers of parliament.

The politics of Tajikistan takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Legislative power is vested in both the executive branch and the two chambers of parliament. == Political background == Tajikistan gained its independence during the breakup of the Soviet Union on September 9, 1991 and promptly fell into a civil war from 1992–1997 between old-guard regits, and Islamists loosely organized as the United Tajik Opposition (UTO). Other combatants and armed bands that flourished in this civil chaos simply reflected the breakdown of central authority rather than loyalty to a political faction. The height of hostilities occurred between 1992-93. By 1997, the predominantly Kulyabi-led Tajik government and the UTO successfully negotiated a power-sharing peace accord and implemented it by 2000. Tajikistan is slowly rebuilding itself with an integrated government and continues to permit a Russian military presence to guard their border with Afghanistan and the basing of the Russian 201st Motorized Rifle Division that never left Tajikistan when it became independent. Most of these Russian-led forces, however, are local Tajik non-commissioned officers and soldiers. Both Tajikistan's presidential and parliamentary elections, in 1999 and 2000, respectively, were widely considered to be flawed and unfair but peaceful. The inclusion of an Islamist party committed to secular government (Islamic Renaissance Party) and several other parties in the Parliamentary elections represented an improvement in the Tajik people's right to choose their government. Tajikistan is the only Central Asian country in which a religiously affiliated political party is represented in Parliament. President Emomali Rahmon, while no longer specifically obliged—as he was under the peace accords—to allocate one-third of government positions to the UTO, has kept some former UTO officials in senior cabinet-level positions. While the government and the now incorporated former opposition continue to distrust each other, they have often found a way to work with each other and are committed to peacefully resolving their differences. Prior to the overthrow of the Taliban in 2001, the civil war in Afghanistan produced cross-border effects that threatened to destabilize Tajikistan's fragile and hard-won peace. In the summers of 1999 and 2000, the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan used Tajikistan as a staging ground for an insurgency campaign against the government of Uzbekistan. At the same time, Taliban advances in northern Afghanistan threatened to inundate Tajikistan with thousands of refugees. A constant flow of illegal narcotics continues to transit Tajikistan from Afghanistan on its way to Russian and European markets, leaving widespread violent crime, corruption, increased HIV incidence, and economic distortions in its wake. During 2002, stability in the country continued to increase, and the year was largely free of the assassinations and outbreaks of violence perpetrated by unreformed opposition members that plagued the country in previous years. == Executive branch == The president, who is directly elected, is both the head of state and the head of government. The president appoints the prime minister and all the members of the government, without the need of parliamentary approval. Tajikistan is thus a presidential republic. Tajikistan held a constitutional referendum on 22 June 2003 and the 2003 Constitution, among other amendments, set a limit of two seven-year terms for the president. Emomali Rahmon's election to the office of the president in 2006 counts as his first 7-year term under the 2003 Constitution, and was re-elected for a second term in 2013, remaining in office until 2020. Rahmon holds the title of 'Leader of the Nation' and is therefore exempt from Presidential term limits. This title also grants him and his family Legal immunity. In this geographically divided country, the ceremonial position of prime minister traditionally is held by a person from the north to nominally balance President Emomali Rahmon’s southern origin. In 2004 the executive branch fell further under the control of the governing party as appointments by Rakhmon left the opposition with only 5 percent of major government positions. This event followed the expiration of the 1997 peace guarantee that the United Tajik Opposition (UTO) would occupy at least 30 percent of top government positions. Prior to the 2006 election, the Council of Ministers, which executes the decisions of the president, included two deputy prime ministers, 19 ministers, nine committee heads, and several ex officio members. After the election, Rakhmon abolished 10 ministries and five state committees and reappointed Oqil Oqilov as prime minister. Rakhmon is said to have accumulated substantial informal power through patronage. == Legislative branch == The bicameral Supreme Assembly (Majlisi Oli) includes the 63-seat Assembly of Representatives (Majlisi namoyandagon), which meets year-round (from November through end of June), and the 33-seat National Assembly (Majlisi milli), which meets at least twice per year. The bicameral legislature was introduced in the September 1999 Constitution and prior to that Tajikistan had a unicameral legislature. The members of the Assembly of Representatives are chosen by direct popular election for a five-year term. Of the 63 members of the Assembly of Representatives, 22 are elected by party, in proportion to the number of votes received by each party gaining at least 5 percent of total votes, and the remaining members are elected from single-member constituencies. In the National Assembly, three-fourths of the members are chosen by the deputies of the local representative assemblies (majlisi) in the country's four main administrative divisions and in the cities subordinated directly to central government; each of these subnational jurisdictions is entitled to equal representation. The remaining members are appointed directly by the president. The pro-government People’s Democratic Party continued to control both houses of the parliament after the elections of 2005; that party gained 52 of the 63 seats in the Assembly of Representatives. In 2006, 11 women sat in the Assembly of Representatives, and five sat in the National Assembly. Opposition factions in the Supreme Assembly have clashed with pro-government members over some issues. == Judicial branch == The constitution provides for an independent judiciary. The Supreme Court is the highest court. Other high courts include the Supreme Economic Court and the Constitutional Court, which decides questions of constitutionality. The president appoints the judges of these three courts, with the approval of the legislature. There is also a Military Court. The judges of all courts are appointed to 10-year terms. Though the judiciary is nominally independent, the executive branch and criminal groups have considerable influence on judicial functions. Bribery of judges, who are poorly paid and poorly trained, is commonplace. The court system has local, district, regional, and national levels, with each higher court serving as an appellate court for the level below. Appeals of court decisions are rare because the populace generally does not trust the judicial system. Constitutional guarantees to the right to an attorney and to a prompt and public trial often are ignored. The Soviet-era presumption of the guilt of the defendant remains in force. The procurator’s office conducts all criminal investigations. Trials are heard by juries except in cases of national security. == Administrative divisions == Tajikistan consists of 4 administrative divisions. These are the provinces (viloyat) of Sughd and Khatlon, the autonomous province (viloyati mukhtor) of Gorno-Badakhshan (in Tajik: Viloyati Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon), and the Region of Republican Subordination (Raiony Respublikanskogo Podchineniya in transliteration from Russian or in Tajik: Ноҳияҳои тобеи ҷумҳурӣ; formerly known as Karotegin Province). The capital of Sughd is Khujand (formerly Leninabad), the capital of Khatlon is Qurghonteppa (formerly Kurgan-Tyube), and the capital of Gorno-Badakhshan is Khorugh (formerly Khorog). The national capital Dushanbe is also the administrative center of the Region of Republican Subordination. Each region is divided into several districts (Tajik: ноҳия, nohiya or raion), which in turn are subdivided into jamoats (village-level self-governing units). As of 2008, there were 58 districts and 367 jamoats in Tajikistan. In addition, subregional units included 17 towns and 54 urban-type settlements (Tajik: шаҳрак). == Provincial and local government == Local government is divided into representative and executive branches. The representative branch in provinces, towns, and districts is the assembly (majlis) of people's deputies, who are elected locally for a five-year term. The executive power in provinces, towns, and districts is vested in the head of local administration, who is directly appointed by the President, with the approval of the local majlis.<ref name=const2003/ == Electoral system == Suffrage is universal for citizens 18 years of age and older. A new election law passed in 2004 has received international criticism for its restrictive candidate registration requirements. Election requires an absolute majority of votes; if no candidate gains a majority, a second round is held between the top two vote getters. By controlling the Central Election Commission, the Rahmon regime has gained substantial influence over the registration of parties, the holding of referenda, and election procedures. In 1999 and 2003, referenda of dubious fairness made constitutional changes that strengthened Rahmon’s hold on power. International observers also found substantial irregularities in the conduct of the 1999 presidential election, in which only one opposition candidate was permitted to register, and the media were censored. Six parties participated in the 2000 and 2005 parliamentary elections, although in both cases observers reported state interference with the process and with opposition candidates’ access to the media. Rahmon easily won re-election in November 2006, gaining 79 percent of the vote against four little-known opponents; international monitors again found the election unfair. Three major opposition parties—the Democratic Party, the Islamic Renaissance Party, and the Social Democratic Party—boycotted the election. == Recent elections == == Political parties == In the early 2000s, independent political parties continued to exist, but their operations were circumscribed and their influence marginal. The governing People’s Democratic Party (PDP) gained strength as some opposition party leaders joined the government and others were disqualified from participation in elections. The Communist Party of Tajikistan, a nominal opposition party that has supported President Rahmon on most issues, has lost support since 2000. The liberal, pro-market Democratic Party also has lost support. In 1997 Rahmon weakened his chief opposition emerging from the civil war, the United Tajik Opposition (UTO), by naming movement leader Akbar Turajonzoda a deputy prime minister. In the ensuing years, the UTO was eclipsed politically by its main component organization, the Islamic Reinassance Party (IRP). In 2003 the IRP lost its chief opposition issue as the ban on religious parties ended. Nevertheless, in 2006 parties still could not receive aid from religious institutions, and tension remained between the government and Islamic factions. In 2006 the IRP was the most influential opposition party in Tajikistan and the only religiously affiliated party represented in the national legislature of a Central Asian country. After the death of long-time IRP leader Said Abdullo Nuri in 2006, a possible split emerged from the struggle for party leadership. Some antigovernment sentiment has been channeled into radical Islamic organizations such as Hizb ut-Tahrir, which is outlawed as a terrorist organization, rather than into conventional political parties. In 2006 six parties, including one faction of the Democratic Party, were banned, and a total of eight parties were registered. In 2005 Mahmadruzi Iskandarov, head of the Democratic Party, received a long prison term for terrorism after being abducted from exile, and in 2006 his party was replaced on the official list by a government-backed splinter group, Vatan. == International organization participation == AsDB, CCC, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, IOC, IOM, ITU, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)1

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Julia Chibhabha<EOT>1

Julia Chibhabha

Julia Chibhabha (b. 17 September 1982 in Bulawayo) is the first captain of the Zimbabwe national women's cricket team. She is the sister of Zimbabwe's batsman Chamu Chibhabha.1

Julia Chibhabha (b. 17 September 1982 in Bulawayo) is the first captain of the Zimbabwe national women's cricket team. She is the sister of Zimbabwe's batsman Chamu Chibhabha.1

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Project GABRIEL<EOT>I find these detailed studies you supply valuable. They reveal an attitude on the gov's part which currently is manifesting in the vaccine mania ( as far as I can tell these are another experiment to find out how well humans can deal with heavy metals, etc.). I would expect the small animal populations to go first. I have read that there is an increase in thyroid problems with dogs. I know cancer has increased. The veterinarian profession is too timid to determine whether we are dealing with radioactive debris, diet, water, air, vaccines . . . There is a lot of self censoring in America now that make even asking questions risky. No one wants to be labelled a conspiracy theorist . . . Personally I don't mind but am not willing to waste time and energy on those determined to be ignorant. 1

Project GABRIEL

Project GABRIEL refers to an investigation by the United States Atomic Energy Commission to gauge the impact of radioactive fallout resulting from nuclear warfare. It surmised that the radioactive isotope strontium-90 (Sr-90) presented the greatest hazard to life globally. This resulted in the commissioning of Project SUNSHINE, which sought to examine the levels of Sr-90 in human tissues and bones (with a special interest in infants) gathered from around the world.

Project GABRIEL refers to an investigation by the United States Atomic Energy Commission to gauge the impact of radioactive fallout resulting from nuclear warfare. It surmised that the radioactive isotope strontium-90 (Sr-90) presented the greatest hazard to life globally. This resulted in the commissioning of Project SUNSHINE, which sought to examine the levels of Sr-90 in human tissues and bones (with a special interest in infants) gathered from around the world. == Background == During the Cold War era, there was an escalation of the atmosphere testing of nuclear weapons. After the atomic bomb in 1945, testing continued and the scale increased with the first hydrogen bomb in 1952. Soon after the United States tested the hydrogen bomb, the USSR followed, in 1953. The mushroom clouds that occurred from the explosions released radioactive isotopes in mass quantities. The first comprehensive study of this problem began in spring 1949 with a one-man project called GABRIEL, conducted by Nicholas M. Smith Jr. at Oakridge National Laboratory. Smith produced his first report in 1949. Project GABRIEL was revived in mid-1951 because bombs that were dropped had brought up concerns people had about the dangers of strontium-90. United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) was interested by GABRIEL's report though they said it was lacking in hard data and needed independent confirmation of the tests. After reviewing Project GABRIEL in 1953, it was given first priority status. The secret project would define "practical limits" for using atomic weapons. A task team was assembled and the codename used was "Project HORN." In 1954, AEC argued that fallout was harmless because there wasn't enough evidence to prove that fallout would harm humans, animals, or crops. The AEC campaign persuaded the public that the worldwide fallout was harmless. This claim was later disputed when scientists announced publicly that there was no safe level of radiation. This was confirmed in a confidential report by a geneticist for the AEC. By 1954 and the Castle Bravo incident, it was obvious that radioactive fallout was dangerous to humans. United States Atomic Energy Commission Division of Biology and Medicine dealt with efforts directed towards experimental and field studies and the correlation of data dealing with Project GABRIEL. The RAND Corporation, Laboratories at Columbia University, AEC 's New York office, the University of Chicago, an exclusive group of scientists, UCLA, and the United States Air Force were all involved in collection and testing of samples from around the world for radioactive fallout. == Testing strontium-90 == After the hazards of strontium-90 became evident, the next step was to focus on impact and damage per detonation. Smith's tests focused primarily on how many atomic weapons could potentially be detonated before radioactive contamination of air, water and soil became a long-term effect on crops, animals and humans worldwide. In 1949, Smith estimated that it would take 3,000 Hiroshima-sized detonations in a single growing season to see if it have an effect on people who ate crops in affected areas. In 1951, Smith repeated this study with new information from the previous two detonations. With the new information, he then calculated that 10,000 Hiroshima-sized detonations would be needed before the long-term hazards became serious. The testing was done with bones, urine and tissue samples collected worldwide. These samples were all tested for nuclear fallout, yet were falsely studied under the guise of nutritional importance and naturally occurring radon. It was determined that Sr-90 is a "bone-seeker," depositing in bones and marrow after ingestion. Civilian prisoners were considered for certain radiation testing, mainly Utah State prison inmates. One document revealed tests done on the bones of a stillborn baby showed that strontium-90 levels were 36% higher than the average 55% of other stillborn. == Studies related to Project GABRIEL == Project GABRIEL had opened a wide range of questions about formation, transformation, fallout and biological hazards due to bomb debris. GABRIEL supported work in research projects that might apply to the side effects of nuclear war. It was the sole support of the major research effort of Project SUNSHINE, which tested biological damage from radioactive fallout of Sr-90. By 1954 Project GABRIEL included about 70 investigations supported by the Division of Biology and Medicine. At a summer conference that was hosted by the RAND Corporation the estimate of detonations was revised and increased to 25,000 megatons worth of damage. Project Sunshine was led by radiation physicist Willard Libby on July 21, 1953. Libby realized GABRIEL lacked data in other aspects of fallout, examined carbon-14 and developed radiocarbon dating. The Project GABRIEL report by the AEC was issued in 1954, while the RAND Corporation issued their report on Project SUNSHINE in 1953. Both Project GABRIEL and SUNSHINE played a direct role in the reorganization of the AEC's Division of Biology and Medicine in 1957.1

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Valley Forge General Hospital<EOT>there is a mighty power in local association. All acknowledge it, and all feel it! . . . There are in this vast multitude who, like myself, never before stood on the spot where the Whig army of the Revolution, under the immediate command of their immortal leader, went through the privations, the sufferings, and the distress, of the winter of 1777 and 1778. . . . It is impossible to recall the associations of such a place without deep and solemn reflection. And when we, as Whigs, professing the principles of that great Whig leader and that Whig army, come here to advocate and avow those principles to one another, and professing to exercise the political rights transmitted to us by them, for the security of that liberty which they fought to establish, let us bring ourselves to feel in harmony with the scenes of the past. [30] <doc-sep> Some historians believe that political considerations compelled the decision. The most recent study of Valley Forge, Wayne K. Bodle’s 1987 dissertation, sees it as “a compromise between the wants and needs of the constituent elements of the American political and military establishments.” John E. Ferling’s 1988 biography of Washington finds him “unwilling to buck Congress” in its demands that he quarter the army near Philadelphia. John F. Reed’s 1965 account of the campaigns leading up to the encampment asserts that “the Pennsylvania Council . . . chose the neighborhood of Valley Forge, if not the actual place itself.” Others have rather briefly argued that military considerations ranked higher than political ones, but have not thoroughly discussed what these were or how the army commanders perceived them. Douglas Southall Freeman’s 1951 account of Washington in the Revolution does not explain the alternatives thoroughly, but does note the strategic placement of the camp. Robert Middlekauff, in The Glorious Cause (1982), states that Washington chose the site because it was “well located strategically, easily defended, and out of the way of civilians.” North Callaghan’s biography of Henry Knox highlights its subject’s military acumen by claiming that “the winter quarters which Washington selected at Valley Forge was excellent from a military point of view, and Knox was one of the first to recognize this.” John Pancake, in 1777: The Year of the Hangman, asserts that Washington’s main concern was keeping the army “close enough to keep an eye on the redcoats in Philadelphia but safe enough from a sudden sally by Howe.” [1] None of these historians has explained how Washington came to see the strategic advantage of this site, nor have they carefully sorted out the role of Washington’s advisors and evaluated the process of decision making by the generals. 1

Valley Forge General Hospital

Valley Forge General Hospital is a former military hospital in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania. The hospital was near both Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Valley Forge. It was the only United States Army General Hospital named for a place.

Valley Forge General Hospital is a former military hospital in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania. The hospital was near both Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Valley Forge. It was the only United States Army General Hospital named for a place. == History == == World War II == The hospital was built in 1942, and opened on Washington's Birthday in 1943 to care for the wounded of World War II. It became the largest military hospital in the United States. Eventually, the hospital had well over 3,000 patients and over 100 separate buildings. One feature of the hospital was its design of primarily two story buildings, interconnected by corridors. There were very long ramps leading from one floor to the other, to facilitate movement of wheelchairs and gurneys. The architecture was designed by Matthew Bookler. By early 1944, Valley Forge General Hospital had been identified as one of two general hospitals—the other being Letterman General Hospital at the Presidio of San Francisco—which specialized in the treatment of patients who had suffered blinding eye injuries. The Army's goal was to get newly identified cases of blindness to one of those hospitals as soon as possible, and if the patient could not be moved, to send a representative from the hospital to the patient's location to begin coordinating care as soon as possible. In addition to physical treatment, the centers also focused on "social rehabilitation," helping the patients to adjust to their new condition before handing them over to the Veterans' Administration for further care—holding them past the point of "maximum medical benefit," in other words, in order to complete their social training. By 1945, three dentists were assigned to Valley Forge after the Surgeon General discovered that their independent work had developed a new type of artificial eye which was described as "superior in every way to the current glass eyes." After perfecting their production techniques and teaching the staff at Valley Forge how to fabricate the eyes, the three dentists, Captain Stanley F. Erpf, Major Milton S. Wirtz, and Major Victor H. Dietz, were all transferred to other hospitals where they could further expand the number of people using their new techniques. They were also each awarded the Legion of Merit for their work, and published their procedure in the Bulletin of the U.S. Army Medical Department, further spreading knowledge of the procedure. == Post-war == As the Army medical Department moved to increase residency-trained physicians throughout the Medical Corps, the Valley Forge General Hospital was identified as one of the sites to host residency programs. This decision was deferred in early 1948, however, because the post-war patient mix and numbers were insufficient to properly support a residency program. In July 1949, Valley Forge General Hospital joined 8 other Army general hospitals in offering internships to newly graduated physicians. The program was open to civilian providers as well as those in the military. Between the nine hospitals, 232 new interns were expected to start training in 1949. Because of manpower shortages within the Army Medical Department, Valley Forge was one of four placed in an inactive status in Spring 1950 —the others being the Murphy, Olivier, and Percy Jones General Hospitals. Three of the four (Olivier remaining closed) were reopened in the fall of 1950 to help care for casualties from the Korean War. In August, the three newly reopened hospitals were renamed as army hospitals, and the Valley Forge General Hospital became the Valley Forge Army Hospital. This brought them in line with the other general hospitals in the Army, all of which had been renamed in the same manner in July. In 1959, the hospital was host to a platoon from Fort Meade, Maryland's 3rd Surgical Hospital (Mobile Army), which set up a display of their field equipment for visitors to the installation at the request of the Pheonixville Junior Chamber of Commerce. In January 1962, Valley Forge General Hospital was one of four Army general hospitals chosen to offer a six-month supervised clinical training program in psychiatric nursing for Army Nurse Corps officers, qualifying them for award of the psychiatric nurse military occupational specialty upon completion of the course. In January 1967 the U.S. Army Medical Materiel Agency, which was a tenant of the hospital, began teaching the Medical Depot Inventory Management Course. The course, along with the Medical Materiel Agency, moved to Fort Detrick, Maryland in 1974 in preparation for the hospital's closing. In the late 1960s, Valley Forge General Hospital, along with seven other major Army hospitals, became the home of a "Clinical Specialist" training program (military MOS 91C). At that time, a person had to have been a medic for at least two years, and have a minimum of two years remaining on their enlistment after completing the school, in order to be accepted. This was advanced training for ten months, on top of all previous training and experience. This program was considered equivalent to a civilian LPN or LVN course but also included many military medicine oriented training objectives. == Vietnam War == Patient flow during the Vietnam War had patients flying into McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey. Army patients would then be moved by Air Force ambulance bus to Walson Army Hospital at the adjacent Fort Dix, where they would be further prepared for movement, typically by Army ambulance buses if they were moving to Valley Forge. In 1969, the 212th Medical Detachment (Helicopter Ambulance) was activated at Fort Meade, Maryland. One of its primary missions was to transport patients from Fort Dix, New Jersey to Valley Forge. The need was clearly there; between January 1, 1968 and September 30, 1970, 7,033 patients were moved from Dix to the Valley Forge General Hospital. The 22nd Ambulance Train was activated at Fort Dix on January 22, 1969 for the purpose of moving patients from Dix to Valley Forge, but the Penn Central Railroad informed the Army that due to the deteriorated condition of the tracks between Dix and Valley Forge, the rail line could not be used for passenger service, and the 22nd Ambulance Train never moved a single patient from the time their newly renovated train arrived on July 17, 1969 and the unit was inactivated on 20 December 1969. The 212th Medical Detachment was inactivated at Fort Meade on March 29, 1973. As part of a general reorganization of the Army Medical Department, the United States Army Health Services Command was activated at Fort Sam Houston under the command of Major General Spurgeon Neel. As part of that reorganization plan, all Class II Medical Department Activities and installations were transferred from the direct control of the Office of the Surgeon General to the new command. Among the units transferred was the Valley Forge General Hospital, as well as its security force, the 250th Military Police Detachment, effective on April 1, 1973. The Medical Equipment Test and Evaluation Activity, which had been part of the United States Army Academy of Health Sciences at Fort Sam Houston, Texas, had already been transferred to the United States Army Medical Materiel Agency, a tenant activity on the Valley Forge General Hospital Installation, on February 1, 1973. In 1972, the Valley Forge General Hospital became host to a program for training Occupational Therapy Specialist (MOS 91L). The course was 21 weeks long, and converted what had been an on-the-job training program into a formal course of instruction, providing classroom training coupled with clinical experience with Valley Forge's patients. The course was fully accredited by a civilian certification agency, the Association of Occupational Therapy Assistants. Seventeen students graduated from the first class and became Certified Occupational Therapy Assistants. In early 1973, as part of Operation Homecoming, Valley Forge General Hospital received 16 former Army Prisoners of War who had been released by the Vietnamese—the most received by any of the eight Army hospitals which received POWs. These 16 men, including the only Army Medical Department officer (who was also the only military physician) to be captured, were sent to Valley Forge for comprehensive medical examinations before being released to reunite with their families. This was part of a program to send the former POWs to the medical treatment facility closest to their homes. == Closure == On April 17, 1973, Col Phillip Deffer, the hospital commander, announced that the hospital would be closing, stating that: Valley Forge General Hospital, over the past 31 years, has faced many challenges of great complexity, and it has met each head on, has succeeded and has walked away proud that it accomplished such a mission. It's now my duty to officially inform you of the next challenge facing us. "At this hour in Washington, the Secretary of Defense is having a public news conference, at which he is announcing the entire base realignment package . . . Valley Forge will be closed. The Valley Forge General Hospital was placed in an inactive status effective March 31, 1974 by Department of the Army General Order number 4, dated February 11, 1974 and it became a sub-installation of Fort Detrick, Maryland effective July 1, 1974 by Department of the Army General Order number 18, dated June 10, 1974. The site of the Valley Forge General Hospital was occupied in 1976 by the Valley Forge Christian College, now the University of Valley Forge. == Popular culture == The hospital is the setting for the 1951 film Bright Victory. After the film Bright Victory was released, all personnel assigned to the hospital were required to view the film. Actor Gene Wilder was a neuropsychiatric technician at Valley Forge General Hospital in the late 1950s. == Commanders == 1

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Mississippi gubernatorial election, 1947<EOT>Permaloff, Anne, and Carl Grafton. Political Power in Alabama: The More Things Change . . . . Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press, 1995 1

Mississippi gubernatorial election, 1947

The 1947 Mississippi gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1947, in order to elect the Governor of Mississippi. Incumbent Democrat Fielding L. Wright, who had succeeded to the governorship a year prior following the death of Thomas L. Bailey, ran for election to a first full term. As was common at the time, the Democratic candidate won in a landslide so therefore the Democratic primary was the real contest, and winning the primary was considered tantamount to election.

The 1947 Mississippi gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1947, in order to elect the Governor of Mississippi. Incumbent Democrat Fielding L. Wright, who had succeeded to the governorship a year prior following the death of Thomas L. Bailey, ran for election to a first full term. As was common at the time, the Democratic candidate won in a landslide so therefore the Democratic primary was the real contest, and winning the primary was considered tantamount to election. == Democratic primary == In the Democratic primary, incumbent Governor Fielding L. Wright defeated lawyer Paul B. Johnson Jr., the son of former Governor Paul B. Johnson Sr., and 3 other candidates. He received a majority (55%) of the vote, thereby eliminating the need for a runoff. == Results == == General election == == Campaign == In the general election, Wright ran against Republican George L. Sheldon, who served as Governor of Nebraska from 1907 until 1909. Sheldon moved to Mississippi after his service as governor and served in the Mississippi House of Representatives, becoming an influential figure in the state Republican Party. However, the Republicans had such minimal influence in Mississippi at the time that Wright won in a landslide with almost 98% of the vote. == Results == 1

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Conasprella traceyi<EOT>1

Conasprella traceyi

Conasprella traceyi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. Like all species within the genus Conasprella, these cone snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handled carefully or not at all.

Conasprella traceyi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. Like all species within the genus Conasprella, these cone snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handled carefully or not at all. == Description == The size of the shell attains 37 mm. == Distribution == This marine species occurs off Southeast India.1

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Heads Up! (album)<EOT>1

Heads Up! (album)

Heads Up! is an album by American trumpeter Blue Mitchell recorded in 1967 and released on the Blue Note label.

Heads Up! is an album by American trumpeter Blue Mitchell recorded in 1967 and released on the Blue Note label. == Reception == The Allmusic review awarded the album 3 stars. == Track listing == "Heads Up! Feet Down!" (Jimmy Heath) - 5:59 "Togetherness" (Heath) - 6:48 "The Folks Who Live On the Hill" (Oscar Hammerstein II, Jerome Kern) - 5:32 "Good Humour Man" - 5:39 "Len Sirrah" (Melba Liston) - 7:19 "The People in Nassau" - 5:40 == Personnel == Blue Mitchell, Burt Collins - trumpet Jerry Dodgion - flute, alto saxophone Junior Cook - tenor saxophone Pepper Adams - baritone saxophone Julian Priester - trombone McCoy Tyner - piano Gene Taylor - bass Al Foster - drums Jimmy Heath (1-2), Melba Liston (5), Duke Pearson (4, 6), Don Pickett (4) - arrangement1

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Ich hab in Gottes Herz und Sinn<EOT>1

Ich hab in Gottes Herz und Sinn

"Ich hab in Gottes Herz und Sinn" (I have surrendered to God's heart and mind) is a Christian hymn with a text by Paul Gerhardt in twelve stanzas is sung to the melody of "Was mein Gott will, das g'scheh allzeit". The theme of the hymn is faith in God and the submission to his will. The hymn was written in 1647 and published that same year in Johann Crüger's hymnal Praxis Pietatis Melica. Translated into English it has appeared in ten English hymnals.

"Ich hab in Gottes Herz und Sinn" (I have surrendered to God's heart and mind) is a Christian hymn with a text by Paul Gerhardt in twelve stanzas is sung to the melody of "Was mein Gott will, das g'scheh allzeit". The theme of the hymn is faith in God and the submission to his will. The hymn was written in 1647 and published that same year in Johann Crüger's hymnal Praxis Pietatis Melica. Translated into English it has appeared in ten English hymnals. == Text == Gerhardt wrote his poem in twelve stanzas in 1647 during the Thirty Years' War. The theme of the hymn is faith in God and the submission to his will. The first lines, "Ich hab in Gottes Herz und Sinn mein Herz und Sinn ergeben", translate to "I have surrendered to God's heart and mind my heart and mind." Every stanza has 10 lines, following the meter 8.7.8.7.4.4.7.4.4.7.. The song was first published in 1647 in Johann Crüger's hymnal Praxis Pietatis Melica. in the 1656 edition of the hymnal, it was No. 328 in the chapter "Vom Christlichen Leben und Wandel" (Of Christian life and action), in the 1666 edition it came with the header "Christliche Ergebung in Gottes Willen" (Christian submission to God's will). == Melody and musical settings == The hymn is sung to the melody of "Was mein Gott will, das g'scheh allzeit". Johann Sebastian Bach composed a chorale cantata on the hymn, Ich hab in Gottes Herz und Sinn, BWV 92, in 1725 as part of his chorale cantata cycle. While Bach frequently used single stanzas from Gerhardt's hymns for his cantatas and Passions, this hymn is the only one on which he based a chorale cantata. Different from the format for these cantatas to retain only the text of the outer stanzas, Bach set the text of five of the twelve stanzas unchanged. == Translation == "Ich hab in Gottes Herz und Sinn" was translated to several English-language versions and appeared in ten hymnals. J. Kelly translated the hymn in 1867, titled "Christian Devotion to God's Will", with the incipit "I into God's own heart and mind".1

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San Pasqual, Los Angeles County, California<EOT>1

San Pasqual, Los Angeles County, California

San Pasqual is a census-designated place in Los Angeles County, California. It lies between San Marino and Pasadena. The major streets in San Pasqual are San Pasqual Street, South Sierra Madre Blvd., and Oakdale Street. San Pasqual is served by the Pasadena post office responsible for ZIP code 91107, and thus locations there are properly addressed with the final line reading "Pasadena, CA 91106". The population was 2,041 at the 2010 census. The name comes from the Rancho San Pascual, of which San Pasqual is one of the remaining unincorporated areas.

San Pasqual is a census-designated place in Los Angeles County, California. It lies between San Marino and Pasadena. The major streets in San Pasqual are San Pasqual Street, South Sierra Madre Blvd., and Oakdale Street. San Pasqual is served by the Pasadena post office responsible for ZIP code 91107, and thus locations there are properly addressed with the final line reading "Pasadena, CA 91106". The population was 2,041 at the 2010 census. The name comes from the Rancho San Pascual, of which San Pasqual is one of the remaining unincorporated areas. == Geography == According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.3 square miles (0.7 km²), all of it land. == Demographics == The 2010 United States Census reported that San Pasqual had a population of 2,041. The population density was 8,001.1 people per square mile (3,089.2/km²). The racial makeup of San Pasqual was 1,344 (65.9%) White (54.6% Non-Hispanic White), 63 (3.1%) African American, 7 (0.3%) Native American, 438 (21.5%) Asian, 1 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 104 (5.1%) from other races, and 84 (4.1%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 362 persons (17.7%). The Census reported that 2,041 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized. There were 909 households, out of which 228 (25.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 426 (46.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 75 (8.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 36 (4.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 42 (4.6%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 13 (1.4%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 301 households (33.1%) were made up of individuals and 83 (9.1%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25. There were 537 families (59.1% of all households); the average family size was 2.89. The population was spread out with 365 people (17.9%) under the age of 18, 120 people (5.9%) aged 18 to 24, 656 people (32.1%) aged 25 to 44, 617 people (30.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 283 people (13.9%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.3 years. For every 100 females there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.5 males. There were 961 housing units at an average density of 3,767.3 per square mile (1,454.6/km²), of which 533 (58.6%) were owner-occupied, and 376 (41.4%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.7%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.6%. 1,290 people (63.2% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 751 people (36.8%) lived in rental housing units. According to the 2010 United States Census, San Pasqual had a median household income of $96,938, with 2.5% of the population living below the federal poverty line.1

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Patrick Gale<EOT>1

Patrick Gale

Patrick Evelyn Hugh Sadler Gale (born 31 January 1962) is a British novelist. Gale was born in 1962 on the Isle of Wight, the youngest of four children. His father was the prison governor of HM Prison Camp Hill on the Isle of Wight, and he was brought up in and around prisons. In 1969 the family moved to Winchester and his father became Under-Secretary of State for Prisons. In his 2000 novel Rough Music, the lead character is the son of a prison governor. In Winchester he was invited to join the Quiristers in the Winchester College Chapel Choir. Before he turned ten, his sister suffered a nervous breakdown and his mother became an invalid. After leaving home he attended the University of Oxford. His first two novels, The Aerodynamics of Pork and Ease, were published on the same day in 1985.

Patrick Evelyn Hugh Sadler Gale (born 31 January 1962) is a British novelist. Gale was born in 1962 on the Isle of Wight, the youngest of four children. His father was the prison governor of HM Prison Camp Hill on the Isle of Wight, and he was brought up in and around prisons. In 1969 the family moved to Winchester and his father became Under-Secretary of State for Prisons. In his 2000 novel Rough Music, the lead character is the son of a prison governor. In Winchester he was invited to join the Quiristers in the Winchester College Chapel Choir. Before he turned ten, his sister suffered a nervous breakdown and his mother became an invalid. After leaving home he attended the University of Oxford. His first two novels, The Aerodynamics of Pork and Ease, were published on the same day in 1985. == Novels and short stories == The Aerodynamics of Pork (1985) Ease (1985) Kansas in August (1987) Facing the Tank (1988) Little Bits of Baby (1989) The Cat Sanctuary (1990) The Facts of Life (1996) Dangerous Pleasures (1996) Tree Surgery for Beginners (1999) Rough Music (2000) This is his most widely held book in libraries, owned by 673 libraries according to WorldCat A Sweet Obscurity (2003) Friendly Fire (2005) Notes from an Exhibition (2007) The Whole Day Through (2009) Gentleman's Relish (2009) A Perfectly Good Man (2012) A Place Called Winter (2015)1

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Justine Waddell<EOT>Gone are the ribbons and bows . . . ." Surrounded by a stellar and seasoned ensemble cast that included a virtual A-list of the British acting elite – Michael Gambon, Keeley Hawes, Rosamond Pike, Ian Carmichael, Tom Hollander, and many others – Waddell still managed to somehow steal the show with her appealing portrayal of a genuinely attractive and noble heroine. In a video "short" feature on the making of the mini-series, fellow cast member Bill Paterson (who played Molly Gibson's father) explained the unusual appeal of Ms. Waddell's Molly: "Molly is one of the best human beings I suppose you can come across in literature. . . . Something saintly comes out of her, but not cloying." 1

Justine Waddell

Justine Waddell (born 4 November 1976) is a British film and television actress. She played roles in the 2006 film The Fall and 2005 film Chaos as well as Tess in the 1998 LWT adaptation of Tess of the d'Urbervilles and Estella in the 1999 BBC adaptation of Great Expectations.

Justine Waddell (born 4 November 1976) is a British film and television actress. She played roles in the 2006 film The Fall and 2005 film Chaos as well as Tess in the 1998 LWT adaptation of Tess of the d'Urbervilles and Estella in the 1999 BBC adaptation of Great Expectations. == Biography == == Early life == Waddell was born in Johannesburg, South Africa. Her father, Gordon Waddell (1937–2012), was a Scottish rugby union player who captained the Scottish national team and played for the British and Irish Lions. He later became a Progressive Party Member of Parliament in South Africa, and a director of Anglo American PLC. Her grandfather, Herbert Waddell (1902–1988), also played rugby for Scotland and the Lions. Waddell moved with her family to Scotland when she was eleven. Four years later they moved to London. Waddell is the only member of her family to take up a career in acting. She read Social and Political Science at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, which allowed her to take time off from her studies to pursue her career. == Career == Waddell has divided her work between stage and screen. Amongst her roles to date have been her performance as Sasha opposite Ralph Fiennes and Bill Paterson in the Almeida Theatre's London production of Ivanov (1997), Countess Nordston in Anna Karenina (1997), Tess in Tess of the d'Urbervilles (1998), Julia Bertram in Mansfield Park (1999), Estella in Great Expectations, Nina in a Royal Shakespeare Company production of The Seagull by Anton Chekhov (2000), for which she was nominated for an Ian Charleson award and Molly Gibson in the television mini series Wives and Daughters for which she won a Broadcasting Press Guild Best Actress award. She played Mary Heller in the American film, Dracula 2000. In 2002 she starred in The One and Only.She won a Prism Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of Natalie Wood in The Mystery of Natalie Wood, a 2004 TV movie directed by Peter Bogdanovich. In 2006 Waddell starred alongside Jason Statham and Ryan Phillipe in Chaos. During the same year, she co-starred with Lee Pace in Tarsem Singh’s The Fall. In 2011 Waddell had a starring role in Mishen, which is a Russian science fiction film directed by Alexander Zeldovich and written by Vladimir Sorokin. For her role in the film, she learned the Russian language from scratch. Mishen had its world premiere at the Berlin International Film Festival and then a gala premiere at the Moscow International Film Festival. In 2014, Waddell was on the jury of the Festival of European Film "Voices" in Vologda, Russia. In 2015, she was on the jury of the Eurasia International Film Festival in Kazakhstan alongside jury chairman Abderrahmane Sissako and South Korean film director Kim Dong-ho. She also took part in the BBC New Year film programme to discuss women in film with Francine Stock, Elizabeth Karlson and Carol Morley. She is also the founder and director of Kino Klassika Foundation which educates audiences about film and film materials from the countries of the former Soviet Union. == Filmography == 1

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Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire)<EOT>Arthur ends with the supremely annoying and supremely long title track. On top of its awful lyrics, it’s such a sing-songy childish tune that it irritates the shit out of me. Haven’t we heard this melody before? It sounds awfully familiar . . . and it goes on forever, with lots and lots of filler so they can run the credits at the end of the movie that was never made. I read that you are writing a review of the Face To Face album (one of my all-time favourites BTW – to me, it is the second best – tied with Revolver – pop album of 1966, Pet Sounds being the winner), then I commented about many songs on it having been nicked from and by others. One is “Party Line”, which inspired the Stones’ “Connection” . Others include “I’ll Remember”, a fine punkish rewrite of “If I Needed Someone”; “Fancy”, whose guitar opening resembles the one to Simon & Garfunkel’s “A Most Peculiar Man” (written and released earlier); “Too Much On My Mind”, ditto for Neil Diamond’s “I Am… I Said” (written and released later), “Dandy” (a splendid pasticcio that includes even the Kinks’ own “A Well Respected Man”)… Well, popular music is 90% lyrics anyway. Ray Davies is very sympathetic toward nearly everyone, even his villains. Many of the worst characters in his stories could be Ray himself. He’s refreshingly honest. You are mistaking naivetee and innocence for satire and sarcasm here. There is SOME irony in every Ray Davies song, but most of his lyrics say what they mean. There are very few double meanings (with a few notable exceptions of course, such as Lola). But you are overstating his intentions here . Maybe that is your viewpoint and you are reading into the text rather than interpreting what is literally means. But I still think you view Ray Davies from Alternative Rock land with a . It’s sort of like the person who watches a classic film like “On the Wsterfront” (I could have been a contendah!”) for the first time and laughs at all the cliches — and says what a ridiculous and unimaginative film it is — not realizing that she only knows those lines because Marlon Brando made them famous. Compare Arthur to any other rock album in the 1960s. You don’t see lyrics like these anywhere else in rock music. You have to go to folk musicians (Dylan, Simon, etc.) to find that. Of course, a few years later a lot of people were doing that. Whew! Whenever I see “Comment on Classic Music Review: Arthur . . . ” I feel a terrifying sense of foreboding. I wrote that one relatively early in The Kinks cycle and after listening to so much of their other work, I’m more convinced than ever that it’s not even close to their best work. I’m thinking of doing a series of reviews on overrated albums, but that means I’ll have to listen to them, and I really don’t want to hear “Tommy” or “Astral Weeks” again. I’ll have to wait for a slow period . . . perhaps replace my annual blues jag with albums that give me the blues. I’m with you on both Tommy and Astral Weeks; both The Who and Morrison did better. I think generational influences have a lot to do with a person’s biases because music takes on great significance in our formative years. I was ironically lucky to hit my teens when the music was crap, so the attachment is not as strong as it was for the Baby Boomers, who had a lot of great music but also tend to think that nearly everything that went down during that time was magic, especially “firsts,” like “first rock opera.” The first anything usually isn’t very good, from plays to poems to music. I listen to albums like Tommy and Pet Sounds and I can see more value in the effort than in the execution . . . but as standalone musical experiences they leave much to be desired. Pet Sounds was influential, but when the reviewer on iTunes says it was the greatest rock record ever made, puh-leeze! <doc-sep> I expect some better concept albums on here. These are just classic ones. I mean come on, some arent even really CONCEPT albums. Armor For Sleep has one of the best concept albums of the new era . So does Boys Night Out. These are just "classics" thats kinda rep. a concept. if that.Thislistsucks from Los Angeles <doc-sep> "You look like a real human being but . . ." "He got feet/ Down/ below his knees/ Hold you in his arms yeah you can feel his disease . . ." It&apos;s all over for England. They&apos;ve had their history and it&apos;s been written in books; they&apos;ve fought their wars and buried their heroes. The English have owned the world and jettisoned their empire, and all that&apos;s left is — rock and roll. "England has got all the bad points of Nazi Germany, all the pompous pride of France, all the old fashioned patriotism of the old Order Of The Empire. It&apos;s got everything that&apos;s got nothing to do with music . . . the poxy little shit-stained island." So said Pete Townshend. "Ten Years After is . . ." 1

Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire)

Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire) is the seventh studio album by English rock band the Kinks, released in October 1969. Kinks frontman Ray Davies constructed the concept album as the soundtrack to a Granada Television play and developed the storyline with novelist Julian Mitchell; however, the television programme was cancelled and never produced. The rough plot revolved around Arthur Morgan, a carpet-layer, who was based on Ray and guitarist Dave Davies' brother-in-law Arthur Anning. A mono version was released in the UK, but not in the US. It is now available on the 2011 deluxe-edition re-issue. Arthur was met with nearly unanimous acclaim upon release. It received generous coverage in the US rock press, with articles running in underground magazines such as Fusion and The Village Voice. It garnered back-to-back reviews by Mike Daly and Greil Marcus in Rolling Stone magazine's lead section; Daly rated it "the Kinks' finest hour", and Marcus ranked it "the best British album of 1969". Reviews in the UK were also positive. Although Arthur received a mixed review in New Musical Express, Disc & Music Echo praised the album's musical integrity, and Melody Maker called it "Ray Davies' finest hour ... beautifully British to the core". The album, although not very successful commercially, was a return to the charts in the US for the band. Their previous effort, The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society, received acclaim from critics but failed to chart in any country upon its 1968 release, with total US sales estimated at under 25,000 copies. The Kinks returned to the Billboard charts in 1969 after a two-year absence, with the lead single from the record, "Victoria", peaking at number 62. The album itself reached number 50 on the Record World charts, and number 105 on Billboard, their highest position since 1965. It failed to chart in Britain. Arthur paved the way for the further success of their 1970 comeback album Lola Versus Powerman and the Moneygoround, Part One and its accompanying US Top 10 and UK Top 5 hit "Lola".

Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire) is the seventh studio album by English rock band the Kinks, released in October 1969. Kinks frontman Ray Davies constructed the concept album as the soundtrack to a Granada Television play and developed the storyline with novelist Julian Mitchell; however, the television programme was cancelled and never produced. The rough plot revolved around Arthur Morgan, a carpet-layer, who was based on Ray and guitarist Dave Davies' brother-in-law Arthur Anning. A mono version was released in the UK, but not in the US. It is now available on the 2011 deluxe-edition re-issue. Arthur was met with nearly unanimous acclaim upon release. It received generous coverage in the US rock press, with articles running in underground magazines such as Fusion and The Village Voice. It garnered back-to-back reviews by Mike Daly and Greil Marcus in Rolling Stone magazine's lead section; Daly rated it "the Kinks' finest hour", and Marcus ranked it "the best British album of 1969". Reviews in the UK were also positive. Although Arthur received a mixed review in New Musical Express, Disc & Music Echo praised the album's musical integrity, and Melody Maker called it "Ray Davies' finest hour ... beautifully British to the core". The album, although not very successful commercially, was a return to the charts in the US for the band. Their previous effort, The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society, received acclaim from critics but failed to chart in any country upon its 1968 release, with total US sales estimated at under 25,000 copies. The Kinks returned to the Billboard charts in 1969 after a two-year absence, with the lead single from the record, "Victoria", peaking at number 62. The album itself reached number 50 on the Record World charts, and number 105 on Billboard, their highest position since 1965. It failed to chart in Britain. Arthur paved the way for the further success of their 1970 comeback album Lola Versus Powerman and the Moneygoround, Part One and its accompanying US Top 10 and UK Top 5 hit "Lola". == Background == British production company Granada TV approached Ray Davies in early January 1969, expressing interest in developing a movie or play for television. Davies was to collaborate with writer Julian Mitchell on the "experimental" programme, with a soundtrack by the Kinks to be released on an accompanying LP. Agreements were finalised on 8 January, but the project was not revealed until a press release on 10 March. Separately, the Kinks began work on the programme's companion record, entitled Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire). Development of Arthur occurred during a rough period for the band, due to the commercial failure of their previous album The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society and the subsequent single, "Plastic Man", as well as the departure of founding member and bassist Pete Quaife. In early 1969, Quaife had told the band he was quitting, though the other members did not take the remark seriously. When an article in the New Musical Express mentioned Maple Oak, the band that he had formed without the rest of the Kinks' knowledge, Davies unsuccessfully asked Quaife to return for the upcoming sessions of Arthur. As a replacement, Davies called up bassist John Dalton, who had previously filled in for Quaife. Davies travelled to United Recording Studios in Los Angeles, California on 11 April 1969, to produce American pop band The Turtles' LP Turtle Soup with engineer Chuck Britz. While in Los Angeles, Davies helped negotiate an end to the concert ban placed on the Kinks by the American Federation of Musicians in 1965. Although neither the Kinks nor the union gave a specific reason for the ban, at the time it was widely attributed to their rowdy on-stage behaviour. After negotiations with Davies, the Federation relented, opening up an opportunity for the group to return to touring in America. Once the main sessions for the Turtles LP were completed, Davies returned to England. While Davies was abroad, the other members of the band had been rehearsing and practising for the upcoming album, as well as lead guitarist Dave Davies' solo album, nicknamed A Hole in the Sock of. When Ray returned, the Kinks regrouped at his house in Borehamwood, Hertfordshire, to rehearse the upcoming album Arthur. == Recording == The group turned to the recording proper on 1 May 1969. The first tracks worked on were "Drivin'", intended as their next single release, and "Mindless Child Of Motherhood", written by Dave Davies (the latter would eventually be used as the B-side to "Drivin'", and was not included on the LP). The Kinks began a two-week series of focused sessions on 5 May, laying down an early version of the entire Arthur album. Recording was interrupted when the Kinks travelled to Beirut, Lebanon on 17 May to play three dates at the Melkart Hotel; sessions for Arthur resumed the day after their return, and most of the recording for the album was finished by the end of the month. Mixing and dubbing began in early June, with arranger Lew Warburton handling string overdubs. The Kinks played a few small gigs in England throughout the remainder of the month, but devoted most of their time to finishing Dave Davies' solo album. Writing for the TV play progressed through May and June, and on 15 June mixing for Dave Davies' solo LP was completed (tapes for this record were eventually delivered to Pye and Reprise Records, although it never saw official release). A press release announced that the Arthur LP was scheduled for a late July release. As Davies and Mitchell completed their script, the Arthur TV play began to crystallise, and British filmmaker Leslie Woodhead was assigned the role of director. By early September production was scheduled to begin, with a planned broadcast of late September, but these plans were continually delayed. As problems with the TV play got progressively worse—and, consequently, distracted the Kinks from completing the post-production of the album—the release dates for both projects were pushed further and further back. In early October Ray Davies moved from Borehamwood back to his old family home on Fortis Green, in Muswell Hill, and travelled to Los Angeles, where he delivered the tapes to Reprise for Arthur's American release. The album's release date was finally set for 10 October, and the Kinks began gearing up for an upcoming US tour to support the album, for which they would depart on 17 October. Shooting for the TV play was eventually set for 1 December. Roy Stonehouse was hired as a designer, and the casting was completed; however, the show was cancelled at the last minute when the producer was unable to secure financial backing. Davies and Mitchell were frustrated at an entire year's work wasted—Doug Hinman stated that Davies witnessed "his grand artistic visions once again dashed by bureaucracy and internal politics". == Release == Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire) was released in the UK and US on 10 October 1969. It was the last Kinks album to be released in mono, and the mono edition was not released in the US. The album set the stage for the Kinks' return to touring the United States in late 1969, and paved the way for even greater commercial success with the hit song "Lola" in 1970. == Singles and chart performance == While the sessions for Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire) were nearing completion in June 1969, the track "Drivin'" was released as a single in the UK, backed with "Mindless Child of Motherhood". For the first time since their breakthrough in 1964, a Kinks single failed to make an impression on the UK charts—Johnny Rogan notes that "This was the first of two pilot singles for ... Arthur and its failure did not augur well." The group followed with another single in September, "Shangri-La", which again failed to chart in the UK. As with Village Green, the album itself failed to chart when released in October. In the US, "Victoria" was chosen as the lead single, backed with the album track "Brainwashed", and was released the same week as the LP. The single proved to be relatively successful, and reached number 62 on the Billboard Hot 100—their highest position since their Top 20 hit "Sunny Afternoon" in 1966. The success of the single led to its release in the UK; backed with "Mr. Churchill Says", it reached a peak of number 30. Arthur itself was a moderate commercial success in the US, where it peaked at number 105 (the highest for a Kinks album since 1965) and remained on the charts for 20 weeks. == Promotion == Reprise Records, the Kinks' US label, devised an elaborate, multi-levelled promotional campaign for Arthur in early 1969. The most famous branch of the programme involved a promo package entitled God Save The Kinks. The set featured various items, including a consumer's guide to the band's albums, a bag of "grass" from the "Daviesland village green", and an LP entitled Then, Now and Inbetween. The set was accompanied by a positive letter from Hal Halverstadt of creative services at Warner/Reprise, part of which read, "... [We are led] to believe that The Kinks may not have had it at all.... The Kinks are to be supported, encouraged, cheered. And saved." The campaign was officially launched on 3 July, at a meeting between Ray Davies and Reprise executives in Burbank, California. Reprise considered seeding false stories in the press to create an "outlaw" image for the group as part of the campaign, including pieces about marijuana possession and income tax evasion. Ray called the idea "mad", and the programme was dropped. Several pieces, however, were used in the press kit for Arthur's release, with titles including "English Pop Group Arrested on Rape Rap". == Packaging and liner notes == Artwork for Arthur was created by Bob Lawrie. The album was packaged in a gatefold sleeve, and included a shaped insert depicting Queen Victoria (holding a house containing Arthur Morgan), with lyrics on the reverse. Liner notes in the UK were written by Geoffrey Cannon and Julian Mitchell; in the US, notes by rock critic John Mendelsohn replaced Cannon's. == Critical response == The album was critically acclaimed at the time of release, especially in the US rock press. It was favourably compared to contemporary works, namely Tommy by The Who, released earlier in the year. In Rolling Stone magazine, Arthur was spotlighted in its lead section, with back-to-back reviews by Mike Daly and Greil Marcus. Daly called it "an album that is a masterpiece on every level: Ray Davies' finest hour, the Kinks' supreme achievement". Rolling Stone reviewer J.R. Young also praised the record, and said: "Less ambitious than Tommy, and far more musical ... Arthur is by all odds the best British album of 1969. It shows that Pete Townshend still has worlds to conquer and that The Beatles have a lot of catching up to do." A review by Sal Imam ran in Boston's Fusion magazine read that "If Tommy was the greatest rock opera, then Arthur most surely is the greatest rock musical." Writing in his Consumer Guide column of The Village Voice, Robert Christgau gave the record a positive review, saying that although Ray Davies' lyrics could get "petulant and preachy at times", the album featured "excellent music and production". Reception in the UK was not as warm, although reviews were still generally positive. Disc & Music Echo commented that "Arthur works as a complete score because it is basic and simple and pleasing to the ear, and powerfully conjures up pictures in the eye." Melody Maker seconded Mike Daly's comments in Rolling Stone, again calling it "Ray Davies' finest hour", and adding that it was "beautifully British to the core". Doug Hinman would later comment on the album's reception in Britain: "In the British music press there [was] less celebration, and coverage [was] relatively routine, though everyone saw the rock opera angle." == Recent reception == Today the album receives generally positive reviews. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic stated that Arthur was "one of the most effective concept albums in rock history, as well as one of the best and most influential British pop records of its era", and in 2003 Matt Golden of Stylus called it "the best rock opera ever". Switch magazine included Arthur on their "100 Best Albums of the 20th Century" in 1999, and in 2003 Mojo featured the album on their list of the "Top 50 Most Eccentric Albums". The album was also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. == Story and theme == The story is partially inspired by the Davies brothers' older sister Rose, who emigrated to Australia in 1964 with her husband Arthur Anning. Her departure devastated Ray Davies, and it inspired him to write the song "Rosy Won't You Please Come Home", included on the 1966 album Face to Face. The lead character in the album, the fictional Arthur Morgan—modelled after Anning—is a carpet layer whose family's plight in the opportunity-poor setting of post-war England is depicted. Writer Julian Mitchell detailed the story line and characters in depth, explaining in the liner notes for the album's LP release: Arthur Morgan ... lives in a London suburb in a house called Shangri-La, with a garden and a car and a wife called Rose and a son called Derek who's married to Liz, and they have these two very nice kids, Terry and Marilyn. Derek and Liz and Terry and Marilyn are emigrating to Australia. Arthur did have another son, called Eddie. He was named for Arthur's brother, who was killed in the battle of the Somme. Arthur's Eddie was killed, too—in Korea. Davies would later comment in his autobiography, X-Ray, that Anning later "told me that he ... knew it [Arthur] had been partly inspired by him ... [it] reminded him of home ... I told Arthur that I felt guilty for using him as a subject for a song, but he shrugged off my apology, saying that he was flattered." With an underlying theme of nostalgia, the songs describe the England that Arthur once knew ("Victoria", "Young and Innocent Days"), the promise of life in Australia for one of his sons ("Australia"), the emptiness of his superficially comfortable life in his home ("Shangri-La"), the resolve of the British people during the Second World War ("Mr. Churchill Says"), the privations that marked the austerity period after the war ("She's Bought a Hat Like Princess Marina"), and the death of his brother in World War I ("Yes Sir, No Sir", "Some Mother's Son"). == Track listing == All songs written by Ray Davies, except when noted. == Personnel == The Kinks Mick Avory – drums, percussion John Dalton – bass guitar, background vocals Dave Davies – lead guitar, background vocals, co-lead vocal on "Australia" and "Arthur", lead vocals on his own tracks Ray Davies – lead and background vocals, rhythm guitar, keyboards (harpsichord and piano), production Pete Quaife – bass guitar, background vocals on bonus tracks: "Plastic Man", "King Kong", "This Man He Weeps Tonight", "Lincoln County", "Hold My Hand" and "Creeping Jean" Production Lew Warburton – horn and string arrangements Andrew Hendriksen – engineering Brian Humphries – engineering on "Drivin'" Bob Lawrie – album art Austin Sneller – credited as "album 'tester'" == Chart tables == == Album == == Singles == 1

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California gubernatorial election, 1958<EOT>1

California gubernatorial election, 1958

The California gubernatorial election, 1958 took place on November 4, 1958.

The California gubernatorial election, 1958 took place on November 4, 1958. == General election results == California was considered a Republican stronghold in the post-World War II era, electing republican governors Earl Warren and Goodwin Knight, as well as senators Richard Nixon, William Knowland, and Thomas Kuchel. Knowland was a prestigious two term Senator who had served as Senate Majority Leader and Senate Minority Leader. His seat was considered safe going into the 1958 mid term elections, but he stunned everyone when he announced his intention to run for governor instead of re-election to the Senate. This was especially surprising because California had a relatively popular Republican governor in Goodwin Knight who was also expected to be re-elected. Knowland coerced Knight into a "backroom deal" in which Knowland and Knight would "trade places", with Knight running for Knowland's Senate seat. Knight really had no desire to be Senator and in later years lamented how Knowland "strongarmed" him into the switch. Knowland thought being governor would enhance his chances of challenging another Californian, Richard Nixon, for the 1960 Republican Presidential nomination. For their part, the Democrats nominated popular state Attorney General Edmund G. "Pat" Brown, who was the only Democrat that held a statewide office in a Republican leaning state. As it turned out, the Knowland-Knight switch was not popular with California voters. Brown steadily gained in the polls and defeated Knowland for governor, and Knight lost to Congressman Clair Engle in the Senate race. == Results by county == 1

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Microsoft Mathematics<EOT>You are logged in as . Please submit your review for Microsoft Mathematics (32-bit) 1

Microsoft Mathematics

Microsoft Mathematics (formerly Microsoft Math) is a freely downloadable educational program, designed for Microsoft Windows, that allows users to solve math and science problems. Developed and maintained by Microsoft, it is primarily targeted at students as a learning tool. A related freeware add-in, called Microsoft Mathematics Add-In for Word and OneNote, is also available from Microsoft and offers comparable functionality (Word 2007 or higher is required). Microsoft Math has received 2008 Award of Excellence from Tech & Learning Magazine.

Microsoft Mathematics (formerly Microsoft Math) is a freely downloadable educational program, designed for Microsoft Windows, that allows users to solve math and science problems. Developed and maintained by Microsoft, it is primarily targeted at students as a learning tool. A related freeware add-in, called Microsoft Mathematics Add-In for Word and OneNote, is also available from Microsoft and offers comparable functionality (Word 2007 or higher is required). Microsoft Math has received 2008 Award of Excellence from Tech & Learning Magazine. == Features == Microsoft Math contains features that are designed to assist in solving mathematics, science, and tech-related problems, as well as to educate the user. The application features such tools as a graphing calculator and a unit converter. It also includes a triangle solver, and an equation solver that provides step-by-step solutions to each problem. The standalone version of Microsoft Math 3.0 also has support for calculus and Ink Handwriting, allowing the user to write out problems by hand and have them recognized by Microsoft Math. == Versions == Microsoft Math 1.0 – Available only in Microsoft Student 2006 Microsoft Math 2.0 – Available only in Microsoft Student 2007 Microsoft Math 3.0 – Full-featured version available as a standalone purchasable product and a scaled-down version called Encarta Calculator available as part of Microsoft Student 2008. The full-featured standalone version exclusively includes calculus support, digital ink recognition features and a special display mode for video projectors. The standalone version is also the first version of Microsoft Math to require product activation. Microsoft Mathematics 4.0 – This version was released in 32-bit and 64-bit editions as a free download in January 2011. It features a Ribbon interface. == System requirements == System requirements for Microsoft Math are: == Windows Phone app == In 2015 Microsoft released a similar branded mobile application for Windows Phone named Microsoft Math (alternatively called Nokia Mobile-Mathematics or Nokia Momaths) specifically for South African and Tanzanian students which has no relation with the earlier Microsoft Mathematics product.1

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Heather B. Gardner<EOT>1

Heather B. Gardner

Heather B. Gardner (born November 13, 1971), billed professionally as Heather B., is an American hip hop artist who first gained fame as a member of the hip hop group Boogie Down Productions before becoming a cast member on The Real World: New York, the first season of MTV's reality show The Real World.

Heather B. Gardner (born November 13, 1971), billed professionally as Heather B., is an American hip hop artist who first gained fame as a member of the hip hop group Boogie Down Productions before becoming a cast member on The Real World: New York, the first season of MTV's reality show The Real World. == Career == From February 16 to May 18, 1992, Gardner filmed The Real World: New York, the first season of MTV's reality television series, The Real World, on which she appeared as a cast member. The series premiered May 21 that year. On the show, she was depicted as a hip-hop artist with the group Boogie Down Productions, on the verge of getting her big career break. During the season, she is seen recording her album, The System Sucks. According to MTV's biography for her: "She has a lot of drive and dedication to whatever she is doing. She makes friends quickly and always speaks her mind regardless of the consequences." Gardner was affiliated with the rap group Boogie Down Productions, and was signed to Pendulum Records in 1995. In 1996, she released her first album, Takin' Mine. The single "All Glocks Down", an anti-gun violence anthem, received radio play, as did the follow-up single "If Headz Only Knew." Heather scored a minor role in the 1995 film Dead Presidents as "Peaches.". In 1997, Gardner signed with MCA Records and in 1998 she released the single, "Do You," which had a considerable amount of television and radio airplay. In 2002 Gardner produced her second album, Eternal Affairs, with production from Pete Rock and DJ Premier. The album met with positive reviews despite not charting on Billboard. Outside of her music career, Gardner has appeared in various projects and television specials related to The Real World. She also appeared in the film The Wedding Video directed by Real World alum Norman Korpi, and a 2005 television commercial for America Online anti-virus software. Heather B's third studio album, Open Bar, which was executive-produced by DJ Premier. As of 2012, Gardner is the co-host of the Sirius Satellite Radio show Sway in the Morning with former MTV reporter Sway Calloway. And in 2016 both Heather B. and Sway Calloway appeared in the twelfth episode, "Soliloquy of Chaos," of Marvel's Luke Cage, interviewing Method Man, about being rescued by Cage during a hold-up of a Harlem bodega. == Discography == == Albums == Takin' Mine (1996) Eternal Affairs (2002) == Singles == "I Get Wreck" "All Glocks Down" "If Headz Only Knew" "My Kinda Nigga" "Live M.C." "The Game Don't Stop" "Guilty" "Steady Rockin'"1

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Show business<EOT>To contact , please visit . Company data is provided by S&P Global Market Intelligence. Please use this form to report any data issues. 1

Show business

Show business, sometimes shortened to show biz or showbiz (since c. 1945), is a vernacular term for all aspects of the entertainment industry. From the business side (including managers, agents, producers, and distributors), the term applies to the creative element (including artists, performers, writers, musicians, and technicians) and was in common usage throughout the 20th century, although the first known use in print dates from 1850. At that time and for several decades, it typically included an initial the. By the latter part of the century, it had acquired a slightly arcane quality associated with the era of variety, but the term is still in active use. In modern entertainment industry, it is also associated with the fashion industry (creating trend and fashion) and acquiring intellectual property rights from the invested research in the entertainment business.

Show business, sometimes shortened to show biz or showbiz (since c. 1945), is a vernacular term for all aspects of the entertainment industry. From the business side (including managers, agents, producers, and distributors), the term applies to the creative element (including artists, performers, writers, musicians, and technicians) and was in common usage throughout the 20th century, although the first known use in print dates from 1850. At that time and for several decades, it typically included an initial the. By the latter part of the century, it had acquired a slightly arcane quality associated with the era of variety, but the term is still in active use. In modern entertainment industry, it is also associated with the fashion industry (creating trend and fashion) and acquiring intellectual property rights from the invested research in the entertainment business. == Industrial sectors and companies == The entertainment sector can be split up into the following subsectors: Amusement parks Animation Circus Event management Film Gambling Game manufacturers Home video and home video distributors Media Music Professional wrestling promotions Sex business Sports management and sports event promotion Talent agency Theatre production1

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Giacomo Conterno<EOT>1

Giacomo Conterno

Giacomo Conterno is an Italian wine producer from the Piemonte region in the district of Langhe. From a winery located in Monforte d'Alba, the Barolo and Barbera wines are made by traditionalist methods and are widely considered among the finest produced in the Barolo zone.

Giacomo Conterno is an Italian wine producer from the Piemonte region in the district of Langhe. From a winery located in Monforte d'Alba, the Barolo and Barbera wines are made by traditionalist methods and are widely considered among the finest produced in the Barolo zone. == History == From unclear descriptions of its origin, the Cantine Giacomo Conterno production of Barolo may have begun in 1908 with the founding of Giovanni Conterno's tavern in San Giuseppe near Monforte d'Alba, or after his son Giacomo Conterno returned from service in World War I, with the first Barolo riserva either bottled in 1912 or 1920. Notwithstanding, Conterno coming from a family with viticultural roots in the region going back to the 18th century, is considered one of the first small Barolo producers to bottle an own wine, beginning in the 1920s during a time when Barolo was normally sold in cask or demijohn and intended for early drinking. Giovanni Conterno died in 1934 and Giacomo Conterno created a Barolo with vast aging potential, named Monfortino for the home village Monforte d’Alba. For 54 years two Barolos, a normale and riserva, were produced from purchased grapes, made by the motto that a Barolo at the time of bottling should be "undrinkable", though be a great bottle after twenty, thirty, forty years. Giacomo Conterno's sons, Giovanni and Aldo Conterno, formally took over the estate in 1961. With the older Giovanni Conterno already responsible for winemaking since the 1959 vintage, Aldo Conterno eventually parted over conflicting winemaking philosophies with his brother, and founded his own estate Poderi Aldo Conterno in 1969. While Giacomo Conterno wines represent the strictly traditional Barolo winemaking philosophy, Aldo Conterno too shares the view that the "modernist" approach of using small barriques in combination with shorter maceration times undermines the character of Barolo and add a vanillin sweetness to the wine that overrides the inherent fruit of the nebbiolo. In 1974 Giovanni Conterno purchased the Cascina Francia vineyard in Serralunga, bringing an end to the era of purchasing fruit from local farmers. The first vintage of wine made from own vineyard was 1978, though the name Cascina Francia did not appear on the label of the normale until the 1980 vintage. Giovanni Conterno's youngest son Roberto began to work by his father's side in 1988, and after Giovanni Conterno died at 75 in February 2004, Roberto Conterno continued the family industry in the strict traditionalist fashion. In 2008 Roberto Conterno purchased a vineyard in Serralunga’s Cerretta, from which wine is produced beginning with the 2009 vintage. In 2015 Roberto buys from Cantina Gigi Rosso the prized nine-hectar Arione vineyard, next to Cascina Francia. The new vineyard includes just over 3.5ha Nebbiolo da Barolo, just over 1ha Nebbiolo d’Alba and just over 1ha Barbera d’Alba. == Production == While the Barolo riserva Monfortino is only produced in exceptional years, the Barolo Cascina Francia is not made every year either, exemplified by the difficult 2002 vintage of rain and hail, which allowed only for a small amount of grapes acceptable to make Monfortino, but not Cascina Francia, the first time that a riserva was produced but no normale. The Nebbiolo and Barbera grapes come from the 16-hectare (40-acre) vineyard Cascina Francia in Serralunga d'Alba, entirely owned by the Giacomo Conterno estate. From the 2009 vintage wines are forthcoming from the newly acquired 3 ha (7.4-acre) Cerretta vineyard holding with 2 ha of Nebbiolo and 1 ha of Barbera, with the Nebbiolo classified as Langhe Nebbiolo. The wines are to be vinified in the same traditionalist manner as the Cascina Francia wines. Barbera d’Alba DOC Cascina Francia Aged 2 years in botti (traditional large casks). The production is 1,800 to 2,100 cases (160 to 190 hL). Barolo DOCG Cascina Francia Not made in less than satisfactory vintages, the wine macerates on its skins for 3–4 weeks at controlled temperatures below 30°C and is aged 4 years in botti. The production is ca. 1,800 cases (160 hL). Barolo riserva DOCG Monfortino Made only in exceptional vintages, the wine macerates on its skins for up to five weeks with no temperature control regardless of how high the fermentation temperatures may go, and is aged 7 years in botti. Baudains, Richard, Decanter.com (May 23, 2006). The production is ca. 580 cases (52 hL).1

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Counter-Terrorism Act 2008<EOT>• Makes it a criminal offence to elicit or attempt to elicit information about a member of the armed forces, the intelligence services or a constable which is of a kind likely to be useful to a person committing or preparing an act of terrorism . 1

Counter-Terrorism Act 2008

The Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 (c 28) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which increased police powers for the stated purpose of countering terrorism. The first reading of the bill was held in January 2008, and it received royal assent on 26 November 2008 following an episode of Parliamentary ping-pong on some of its most controversial issues.

The Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 (c 28) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which increased police powers for the stated purpose of countering terrorism. The first reading of the bill was held in January 2008, and it received royal assent on 26 November 2008 following an episode of Parliamentary ping-pong on some of its most controversial issues. == Provisions of the Act == The Act as passed contains various notable provisions: Removal of the prohibition on post-charge questioning. Longer terrorism sentences. A register and monitoring for those convicted of terrorism related offences, similar to the Violent and Sex Offender Register. Changes to some of the rules surrounding the use of "intercept evidence". Powers to seize the assets of convicted terrorists. Police will be able to remove documents from a property search to decide whether or not they need to be legally seized as part of an investigation. Greater use of DNA samples, and powers to allow the police to take fingerprints or DNA from those subject to a control order. == Photographs of police officers in public places == Section 76 (Offences relating to information about members of armed forces etc.) came into force on 15 February 2009 making it an offence to elicit, attempt to elicit, or publish information "of a kind likely to be useful to a person committing or preparing an act of terrorism" about: a member of Her Majesty's Armed Forces, a constable, the Security Service, the Secret Intelligence Service, or Government Communications Headquarters. Any person found guilty faces 10 years imprisonment and an unlimited fine. It is a defence for a person charged with this offence to prove that they had a reasonable excuse for their action (for example, a newspaper feature on police brutality or corruption). There are exemptions for communications service providers, web caches and web hosting services. Journalists who feared that this law would be abused by the police to threaten the taking of photographs of their activities staged a mass protest outside Scotland Yard in February 2009. Gordon Brown reaffirmed that the police have a legal right to restrict photography in public places, and stated "the law applies to photographers as it does to anybody else in a public place". The act however does not lay out restrictions for the photography of Community Support Officers as they do not hold the office of Constable. The Parliamentary debate on this law was limited because in earlier versions of the Bill the offence of eliciting or publishing information "likely to be useful to a person committing or preparing an act of terrorism" only applied to people who were or had been members of Her Majesty’s Forces, and not to the police. This was also the case throughout the debate in the Standing Committee. (An opposition amendment changing the phrase "of a kind likely to be useful to a person committing or preparing an act of terrorism" with the words "with the intention that it is useful..." was withdrawn after the Minister explained that the clause merely restated earlier laws applying to the armed forces on which there was already case law that made it more reasonable than it appeared.) The law against eliciting or publishing information "likely to be useful to a person committing or preparing an act of terrorism" was extended to encompass police constables in a raft of unscrutinized amendments that passed into the Bill at the end of the debate when the Parliamentary timetable (which had been voted on earlier in the day) expired. When this clause was scrutinized in the House of Lords, and in all subsequent debates, no reference was made to the extension of the law to include police constables. A Parliamentary written question about the policy regarding police preventing members of the public from taking photographs in public places hasn't been answered. But the Home Office issued a circular to the police in 2009 which reminds them that 'Legitimate journalistic activity (such as covering a demonstration for a newspaper) is likely to constitute such an excuse. Similarly an innocent tourist or other sight-seer taking a photograph of a police officer is likely to have a reasonable excuse.' == Post-charge questioning == A number of measures were linked to the debate about extending the detention period for those arrested under the Terrorism Act 2000. One of them was the introduction of questioning after charge under ss. 22 to 27. Such questioning was already exceptionally allowed under PACE Code C para.16 in order: to prevent or minimise harm or loss to some other person, or the public; to clear up an ambiguity in a previous answer or statement; in the interests of justice for the detainee to have put to them, and have an opportunity to comment on, information concerning the offence which has come to light since they were charged or informed they might be prosecuted. But post-charge questioning rarely happens in practice. However, in order to give the police and prosecutors confidence that they do not have to wait until the end of the detention period to make a charge, the 2008 Act allows them to resume questioning after charge. This idea may be especially important if a charge is made under the Threshold Test under the Code for Crown Prosecutors, 2010, para.5. These measures are not likely to have much impact since they involve dire problems of admissibility, given the circumstances of a pending trial which is meant to be controlled by a judge rather than the police. More likely, the police will seek adverse inferences from silence rather than responses to lengthy questioning. == Abandoned provisions == == 42 day terrorist detention without charge == The highest profile provision in the Counter-Terrorism Bill was a measure to allow terrorist suspects to be detained by police in England and Wales for up to 42 days before being charged (formally told what law they were accused of breaking). This was a re-run of 90-day terrorist detention without charge debate that occurred in 2006 that was narrowly lost by a vote in Parliament. The crunch vote on the issue occurred on 11 June 2008 with a 36 Labour MP rebellion that would have defeated the government had the Democratic Unionist Party block, who normally vote with the Conservative Party, not voted for it. Allegations of a political bribe for these votes were denied. The day after the vote, the Conservative front bench Home Affairs spokesman, David Davis suddenly resigned from Parliament in protest and won re-election to his seat in by-election in which none of the other main parties stood a candidate. On 13 October 2008 this measure was dropped from the Bill by a vote in the House of Lords. Rather than reverse this defeat with another difficult vote in the House of Commons, the Government drafted a Counter-Terrorism (Temporary Provisions) Bill that would stand "ready to be introduced if and when the need arises." == Secret coroner's inquests == A provision in the Bill to give the Government powers to certify that a coroner's inquest should be held in secret without a jury in the interests of national security or foreign relations raised enough opposition outside of Parliament that the measure was also dropped. These measures, however, reappeared in the Coroners and Justice Act 2009.1

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Efioanwan Ekpo<EOT>1

Efioanwan Ekpo

Efioanwan Ekpo (born 25 January 1984) is a Nigerian female footballer. A member of the Nigeria women's national football team, Ekpo competed at the 2003 World Cup, 2004 Summer Olympics, 2006 African Championship, 2007 World Cup and 2008 Summer Olympics.1

Efioanwan Ekpo (born 25 January 1984) is a Nigerian female footballer. A member of the Nigeria women's national football team, Ekpo competed at the 2003 World Cup, 2004 Summer Olympics, 2006 African Championship, 2007 World Cup and 2008 Summer Olympics.1

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Preston Epps<EOT>1

Preston Epps

Preston Epps (born 1931, Oakland, California) is an American percussionist. Epps learned to play percussion instruments, including the bongos, while he was stationed in Okinawa during the Korean War. After his tour of duty he settled in Southern California, playing in coffee shops and working odd jobs. Arthur Laboe, a local disc jockey, signed him to Original Sound Records, which released his single "Bongo Rock" in 1959. The tune became a hit in the U.S., reaching #14 on the Billboard Hot 100 that year. The follow-up, "Bongo Bongo Bongo", reached #78 the following year. Original Sound released a full-length LP in 1960, which reached #35 on the Billboard 200. However, further bongo-themed singles, including "Bongo in the Congo", "Bongo Rocket", "Bootlace Bongo", "Bongo Boogie", "Flamenco Bongo", "Mr. Bongo", and "Bongo Shuffle", did not result in any further success. Epps reappeared in 1969 as a bongo player in the film Girl in Gold Boots. He continued on as a session musician in the 1960s and 1970s. In 1973, the Incredible Bongo Band recorded "Bongo Rock" and released it as a single. Epps continued playing in clubs in Southern California into the 1990s.

Preston Epps (born 1931, Oakland, California) is an American percussionist. Epps learned to play percussion instruments, including the bongos, while he was stationed in Okinawa during the Korean War. After his tour of duty he settled in Southern California, playing in coffee shops and working odd jobs. Arthur Laboe, a local disc jockey, signed him to Original Sound Records, which released his single "Bongo Rock" in 1959. The tune became a hit in the U.S., reaching #14 on the Billboard Hot 100 that year. The follow-up, "Bongo Bongo Bongo", reached #78 the following year. Original Sound released a full-length LP in 1960, which reached #35 on the Billboard 200. However, further bongo-themed singles, including "Bongo in the Congo", "Bongo Rocket", "Bootlace Bongo", "Bongo Boogie", "Flamenco Bongo", "Mr. Bongo", and "Bongo Shuffle", did not result in any further success. Epps reappeared in 1969 as a bongo player in the film Girl in Gold Boots. He continued on as a session musician in the 1960s and 1970s. In 1973, the Incredible Bongo Band recorded "Bongo Rock" and released it as a single. Epps continued playing in clubs in Southern California into the 1990s. == Discography w/Billboard chart peak positions == == Singles == Bongo Rock (#14)/Bongo Party—Original Sound 4 -- 1959 Bongo Bongo Bongo (#78)/Hully Gully Bongo—Original Sound 9 -- 1960 Bongo Shuffle/Bongo In The Congo—Original Sound 14—1960 Blue Bongo/Bongola—Top Rank 2067—1960 Bongo Hop/Caravan—Top Rank 2091—1960 Bongo Boogie/Flamenco Bongo—Majesty 1300—1960 Bongo Rocket/Jungle Drums—Original Sound 17—1961 Rockin' In The Congo/Sing Donna Go—Embassy 203—1961 Mister Bongos/B'wana Bongos—Donna 1367—1962 Bongo Express/Flamenco Bongo—Admiral 901—1963 Bongo Rock '65/Bongo Waltz—Polo 218—1965 Afro Mania/Love Is The Only Good Thing—Jo Jo 106—1969 == Albums == Bongo Bongo Bongo (#35) -- Original Sound LPM-5002 (Mono)/LPS-8851 (Stereo) -- 1960 Bongola—Top Rank RM-349 (Mono)/RS-349 (Stereo) -- 1961 Surfin' Bongos—Original Sound LPM-5009/LPS-8872—19631

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Goodwater, Alabama<EOT>Here most residents (87.9%) drive alone in a private automobile to get to work. In addition, quite a number also carpool with coworkers, friends, or neighbors to get to work (8.3%) . In a neighborhood like this, as in most of the nation, many residents find owning a car useful for getting to work. 1

Goodwater, Alabama

Goodwater is a town in Coosa County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 1,475. It is part of the Talladega-Sylacauga Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Goodwater is a town in Coosa County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 1,475. It is part of the Talladega-Sylacauga Micropolitan Statistical Area. == Geography == Goodwater is located near the northeast corner of Coosa County at 33°03′36″N 86°03′11″W. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.5 square miles (16.9 km²), of which 0.03 square miles (0.08 km²), or 0.45%, is water. == Demographics == As of the census of 2000, there were 1,633 people, 621 households, and 424 families residing in the city. The population density was 249.6 people per square mile (96.4/km²). There were 727 housing units at an average density of 111.1 per square mile (42.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 73.30% Black or African American, 25.66% White, 0.31% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 0.06% from other races, and 0.55% from two or more races. 0.55% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. In the city, the population was spread out with 25.3% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 87.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.7 males. The median income for a household in the city was $22,188, and the median income for a family was $28,819. Males had a median income of $22,414 versus $17,464 for females. The per capita income for the city was $10,602. About 21.0% of families and 23.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.8% of those under age 18 and 12.0% of those age 65 or over. == 2010 census == As of the census of 2010, there were 1,475 people, 618 households, and 394 families residing in the city. The population density was 227 people per square mile (87.7/km²). There were 708 housing units at an average density of 108.4 per square mile (41.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 73.7% Black or African American, 24.3% White, 0.7% Native American, 0.0% Asian, 0.7% from other races, and 0.5% from two or more races. 0.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. In the city, the population was spread out with 22.2% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 22.9% from 25 to 44, 28.3% from 45 to 64, and 19.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.6 years. For every 100 females there were 88.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.4 males. The median income for a household in the city was $24,909, and the median income for a family was $31,081. Males had a median income of $24,554 versus $24,348 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,957. About 23.6% of families and 28.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 48.2% of those under age 18 and 18.3% of those age 65 or over. == Notable people == Robert Daniel Carmichael, mathematician for whom Carmichael numbers are named Colonel Hartley A. Moon, adjutant general of Alabama Jamario Moon, professional basketball player1

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Civic Square, New Brunswick<EOT>1

Civic Square, New Brunswick

Civic Square is the government district in Downtown New Brunswick, the county seat of Middlesex County, New Jersey, where numerous county governmental buildings are located along with other city and federal public buildings such as New Brunswick City Hall, the New Brunswick Main Post Office, and the New Brunswick Free Public Library . South of New Brunswick Station, it is bounded by the city's theater district, which includes the Mason Gross School of the Arts, the State Theatre, the Crossroads Theatre, George Street Playhouse and the Livingston Avenue Historic District which includes the Henry Guest House and the Willow Grove Cemetery.

Civic Square is the government district in Downtown New Brunswick, the county seat of Middlesex County, New Jersey, where numerous county governmental buildings are located along with other city and federal public buildings such as New Brunswick City Hall, the New Brunswick Main Post Office, and the New Brunswick Free Public Library . South of New Brunswick Station, it is bounded by the city's theater district, which includes the Mason Gross School of the Arts, the State Theatre, the Crossroads Theatre, George Street Playhouse and the Livingston Avenue Historic District which includes the Henry Guest House and the Willow Grove Cemetery. == Middlesex County Courthouse == The last of a series of county courthouses, the Middlesex County Court House was built in 1958. The building was extensively renovated in 2003, including a partial new facade. == Middlesex County Administration Building == Skyline Tower, at 14 stories and 59 m (194 ft), was originally built in 1967 as the Middlesex County Administrative Building. It was extensively renovated in 2003 as residential mixed-used building. A new Administration Building was completed in 1999. == Middlesex County Family Courthouse == Opened in 2000, Middlesex County Family Courthouse houses the Middlesex County Family Courts, the New Brunswick Parking Authority, and the New Brunswick Center of Middlesex County College == Middlesex County Public Safety Building == Completed in May 2000, the Public Safety Building houses the U.S. Postal Service, the New Brunswick Police Department, the New Brunswick Municipal Courts, and the Middlesex County Prosecutor.1

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Meherrin<EOT>1

Meherrin

The Meherrin Nation is one of eight state-recognized nations of Native Americans in North Carolina. They reside in rural northeastern North Carolina, near the river of the same name on the Virginia-North Carolina border. Historically the Iroquoian-speaking tribe had lived in the Piedmont of Virginia but moved south in the early 18th century under pressure of English colonists' encroachment on their territory. Assigned a reservation in the area of Hertford County, North Carolina in the early 18th century, they lost most of their land to encroachment by colonial settlers. They had maintained cultural continuity through supporting independent churches and schools. In the late 20th century, the people reorganized and established a government. In 1986 the Meherrin Nation was recognized by the state of North Carolina. The Meherrin have an enrollment of 900+ people.

The Meherrin Nation is one of eight state-recognized nations of Native Americans in North Carolina. They reside in rural northeastern North Carolina, near the river of the same name on the Virginia-North Carolina border. Historically the Iroquoian-speaking tribe had lived in the Piedmont of Virginia but moved south in the early 18th century under pressure of English colonists' encroachment on their territory. Assigned a reservation in the area of Hertford County, North Carolina in the early 18th century, they lost most of their land to encroachment by colonial settlers. They had maintained cultural continuity through supporting independent churches and schools. In the late 20th century, the people reorganized and established a government. In 1986 the Meherrin Nation was recognized by the state of North Carolina. The Meherrin have an enrollment of 900+ people. == History == The Meherrin are among the Native American tribes that traditionally spoke an Iroquoian language and as such, are connected in the distant past to the nations of the Iroquois League in New York around the Great Lakes. Today the first language of the Meherrin is English. They are also related to the Tuscarora, who were a neighboring Iroquoian tribe in historic times in Carolina. After destructive warfare, the surviving Tuscarora migrated north to New York in the early 18th century. The nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, historically based in New York and Pennsylvania, are the best-known Iroquoian peoples and were the most powerful in the colonial era. The Meherrin inhabited the Piedmont region of Virginia above the fall line at the time of European encounter. They moved south into North Carolina in the early 18th century to evade encroachment by Anglo-American colonists. Linguistic evidence indicates that the Meherrin share common ancestry with the Tuscarora and the Nottoway, and likely spoke the same Iroquoian language or a similar dialect. Common origins are also indicated in Tuscarora oral history. In 1705 the Virginia Colony established a reservation for the Meherrin at Maherrin Neck (later renamed Manley’s Neck), in an area claimed by both Virginia and Carolina. It was finally assigned to Carolina, and in 1706 Carolina ordered the Meherrin out of her territory, threatening violence to expell them. The Meherrin asked for more time, a year in order to harvest their crops, and asked for help from the Virginia colonists to make their case. Virginia took their side in the quarrel, but in August 1707 Carolinian official Thomas Pollock, leading a troop of 60 men, attacked Meherrin Town, destroying crops, homes, and all belongings; his forces seized 36 men, depriving them of water for two days. In September the Virginia militia met with the chiefs, promising Virginia’s protection to prevent them from retaliating against Carolina. Col. Edmond Jennings, Virginia Council President, wrote a harsh reprimand to leaders of Carolinia. By 1707 the Meherrin had resettled on lands previously occupied by the Chowanoke near the mouth of the Meherrin River. In 1711–1712 the Meherrin were allies of the Tuscarora against the English colonists and allies during the Tuscarora War. In 1713 they had to deliver two of their paramount chief’s sons as hostages to be kept by the English at William and Mary’s College in Bufferton to ensure that they would keep the peace. In 1720 they made a treaty of peace with the Susquehanna, another Iroquoian tribe. In 1717 the Meherrin were given a reservation along the western shore of lower Chowanoc River, not far from its mouth in Albermarle Sound, near modern Colerain (Bertie County, N.C.). At the time, Governor Charles Eden thought that the reservation only contained 10,000 acres, but Surveyor Col. Edward Moseley later discovered that the reservation contained more than 40,000 acres. In 1723, the Virginia Colony confirmed the Meherrin right to the reservation land and severely criticized North Carolina for an illegal taking of Meherrin land. Most of the Tuscarora were driven off after many were killed and taken captive in the above war. The North Carolina authorities reviewed petitions by the Meherrin and by English squatters on their land. Although by 1726 the Meherrin reservation had been greatly reduced in size and relocated to the old and abandoned Chowanoke fields, the North Carolina Colony confirmed in a treaty that it belonged to the Meherrin. The Meherrin lived in cohesive,, distinct communities through the 19th and 20th centuries, maintaining their own schools and churches as part of their identity as a people. In 1975, Meherrin descendants reorganized the tribe and reclaimed its identity under Chief Wayne Brown. It became chartered in 1977 after increasing activism by members. They were recognized by the state in 1986. Many Meherrin can trace their ancestry to Sally M. Lewis (1838–1904), who sold several tracts of reservation land. The Meherrin tribal seat is Winton, North Carolina. The Nation's residents principally reside in and around the "Little California/Pleasant Plains/Union" area of Hertford County, North Carolina. They work in a wide variety of professional fields, as a high proportion of the tribe have college degrees compared to the general population in the county.1

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Written works of L. Ron Hubbard<EOT>"10. The technology of Dianetics and Scientology is a product of the efforts of many people, including myself, and among others, Melanie Murray, Julie Mayo, Merrill Mayo, Dona Haber, Brian Livingston, and Phoebe Mauer. . . ." ``I prepared a bottle filled with distilled water carefully wrapped in cotton and packed in a box. After several other experiments I stated that I wished to measure the rapidity with which an odour would diffuse itself through the air, and asked those present to raise their hands the moment they perceived the odour. . . . I took out the bottle and poured the water on the cotton, turning my head away during the operation, then took up a stop-watch and awaited the result. . . . I explained that I was absolutely sure that no one present had ever smelt the odour of the chemical composition I had spilt. . . . At the end of fifteen seconds the majority of those in front had held up their hands, and in forty seconds the odour had reached the back of the hall by fairly regular waves. About three-quarters of those present declared that they perceived the odour. A larger number would doubtless have succumbed to suggestion, if at the end of a minute I had not been forced to stop the experiment, some of those in the front rows being unpleasantly affected by the odour, and wishing to leave the hall.'' <doc-sep> "I&apos;m about two seconds away from losing my whole family, and if that story comes out with my stuff in it, I will," wrote a third. "I&apos;m terrified. Please, please, please ... if it&apos;s not too late. . . help me keep my family." <doc-sep> Glad I ventured across this . A few good, bad and funny points. All well made, even the Christian militia have a sense ov huma. Peace. You are a troll, ignorant, stupid, an agent of chaos. OR . . . . .choose all applicable. The whole of Scientology and “Dianetics” was the brainchild of Revilo P Oliver. . . <doc-sep> “Scientology is a new religion,” Davis continued. “The majority of Scientologists in the world, they’re first generation. So their family members aren’t going to be Scientologists. . . . So, certainly, someone who is a Scientologist is going to respect their family members’ beliefs—” In his resignation letter, Haggis said, “We all know this policy exists. I didn’t have to search for verification—I didn’t have to look any further than my own home.” Haggis reminded Davis that, a few years earlier, his wife had been ordered to disconnect from her parents “because of something absolutely trivial they supposedly did twenty-five years ago when they resigned from the church. . . . Although it caused her terrible personal pain, my wife broke off all contact with them.” Haggis continued, “To see you lie so easily, I am afraid I had to ask myself: what else are you lying about?” Since resigning, Haggis had been wondering why it took him so long to leave. In an e-mail exchange, I noted that higher-level Scientologists are supposed to be free of neuroses and allergies, and resistant to the common cold. “Dianetics” also promises heightened powers of intelligence and perception. Haggis had told me that he fell far short of this goal. “Did you feel it was your fault?” I asked. Haggis responded that, because the auditing took place over a number of years, it was easy to believe that he might actually be smarter and wiser because of it, just as that might be true after years of therapy. “It is all so subjective, how is one supposed to know?” he wrote. “How does it feel to be smarter today than you were two months ago? . . . But yes, I always felt false.” He noted that a Scientologist hearing this would feel, with some justification, that he had misled his auditors about his progress. But, after hundreds of hours of auditing sessions, he said, “I remember feeling I just wanted it over. I felt it wasn’t working, and figured that could be my fault, but did not want the hours of ‘repair auditing’ that they would tell me I needed to fix it. So I just went along, to my shame. I did what was easy . . . without asking them, or myself, any hard questions.” Hubbard called this level the Wall of Fire. He said, “The material involved in this sector is so vicious, that it is carefully arranged to kill anyone if he discovers the exact truth of it. . . . I am very sure that I was the first one that ever did live through any attempt to attain that material.” The O.T. III candidate is expected to free himself from being overwhelmed by the disembodied, emotionally wounded spirits that have been implanted inside his body. Bruce Hines, a former high-level Scientology auditor who is now a research physicist at the University of Colorado, explained to me, “Most of the upper levels are involved in exorcising these spirits.” As far as Davis was concerned, reprimanding the San Diego staff member was the end of the matter: “I said, ‘Paul, I’ve received no press inquiries. . . . If I were to make a statement on this, it would actually be more attention to the subject than if we leave it be.’ ” Archer had particular reason to feel aggrieved: Haggis’s letter had called her son a liar. “Paul was very sweet,” she says. “We didn’t talk about Tommy.” She understood that Haggis was upset about the way Proposition 8 had affected his gay daughters, but she didn’t think it was relevant to Scientology. “The church is not political,” she told me. “We all have tons of friends and relatives who are gay. . . . It’s not the church’s issue. I’ve introduced gay friends to Scientology.” The church claims that such stories are false: “There is not, and never has been, any place of ‘confinement’ . . . nor is there anything in Church policy that would allow such confinement.” At one point in the transcribed conversations, Davis reminded the reporters that Scobee had been expelled from the church leadership because of an affair. The reporters responded that she had denied having sexual contact outside her marriage. “That’s a lie,” Davis told them. Feshbach, who had a stack of documents, elaborated: “She has a written admission [of] each one of her instances of extramarital indiscretion. . . . I believe there were five.” When Haggis read this in Freedom, he presumed that the church had obtained its information from the declarations that members sometimes provide after auditing. Such confessions are supposed to be confidential. (Scientology denies that it obtained the information this way, and Davis produced an affidavit, signed by Scobee, in which she admits to having liaisons. Scobee denies committing adultery, and says that she did not write the affidavit; she says that she signed it in the hope of leaving the church on good terms, so that she could stay in touch with relatives.) Scientology, Davis said, doesn’t pretend to be perfect, and it shouldn’t be judged on the misconduct of a few apostates. “I haven’t done things like that,” Davis said. “I haven’t suborned perjury, destroyed evidence, lied—contrary to what Paul Haggis says.” He spoke of his frustration with Haggis after his resignation: “If he was so troubled and shaken on the fundamentals of Scientology . . . then why the hell did he stick around for thirty-five years?” He continued, “Did he stay a closet Scientologist for some career-advancement purpose?” Davis shook his head in disgust. “I think he’s the most hypocritical person in the world.” “I don’t think it really matters,” Davis said. “The point is that neither Mr. Hubbard nor the church has any opinion on the subject of anyone’s sexual orientation. . . .” <doc-sep> Pohl, Frederik: (1919– ) American science fiction writer and editor whose decades-long career has resulted in many achievements in the science fiction field. Not only has his editorship of science fiction magazines been recognized with several Hugo Awards, but his writings also have won both Hugo and Nebula Awards. Page . pulpwood stock: the rough type of paper (stock) used for printing inexpensive magazines, etc. The low-cost pulp used in its manufacture is made from wood fibers, which give a rough texture. Page . vehicle: a medium of communication, expression or display. Page . Argosy: an American fiction magazine published by the Frank A. Munsey Company, first produced in the late 1800s. Containing science fiction, fantasy and other genres. Page . Black Mask: one of the best-known and admired pulp fiction magazines. Originally an all-around publication that included detective, westerns and aviation stories, Black Mask later focused on detective fiction, publishing stories by top writers in the field. Page . Five-Novels Monthly: a pulp magazine published from 1928 until the late 1940s. Page . Heinlein, Robert: (1907–1988) American author considered one of the most important writers of science fiction. Emerging during science fiction’s Golden Age (1939–1949), Heinlein went on to write many novels, including the classic Stranger in a Strange Land (1961). He won four Hugo Awards and was presented with the first Grand Master Nebula Award for lifetime achievement in science fiction. Page . Burks, Arthur J.: (1898–1974) American writer whose enormous output for the pulps included aviation, detective, adventure and horror stories. Page . ethnocentric: evaluating other cultures according to preconceptions originating in one’s own culture. Page . Standard Magazines: a publishing company that produced a number of well-known pulp magazines, such as Thrilling Adventures, Thrilling Detective, Thrilling Western, Startling Stories and others. Operating from the 1930s to the early 1960s, the company was also called Thrilling Publications, Beacon Magazines and Better Publications. Page . screenwriter: the writer of a script that is intended to be filmed. Page . stint: a period of time spent doing something. Page . medium: a method that an artist uses or a category, such as film, in which an artist works. Page . prodigious: extraordinary in size, amount, extent or degree. Page . pseudonym(s): a fictitious name assumed by an author; pen name. Page . imbue: fill with a feeling or quality. Page . decreed: commanded (something); ordered or assigned authoritatively. Page . canon: a list of literary works considered to be permanently established as being of the highest quality. Page . speculative: of writing that is usually considered to include fantasy, horror, science fiction and the like, dealing with worlds unlike the real world. Page . foray: a new undertaking, especially outside one’s usual area. Page . ethnological: of or having to do with ethnology, the science that analyzes cultures, especially in regard to their historical development and the similarities and dissimilarities between them. Page . King, Stephen: (1947– ) award-winning American novelist and short-story writer and one of the world’s bestselling authors. Renowned for his tales of horror, fantasy and the supernatural, King has produced many stories and books that have been made into films. Page . heralded: announced with enthusiasm. Page . rollicking: exuberantly lively and amusing. Page . van Vogt, A. E.: Alfred Elton van Vogt (1912–2000), Canadian-born science fiction writer who began his decades-long career during science fiction’s Golden Age (1939–1949). Esteemed in the science fiction field, van Vogt was presented the Grand Master Award by the Science Fiction Writers of America in 1995. Page . forefront: the position of greatest importance or prominence. Page . message: the meaning, lesson or important idea that somebody wants to communicate—for example, in a work of art. Page . <doc-sep> Dianetics: Dianetics is a forerunner and substudy of Scientology. Dianetics means “through the mind” or “through the soul” (from Greek dia, through, and nous, mind or soul). Dianetics is further defined as what the mind or soul is doing to the body. Page . Scientology: Scientology is the study and handling of the spirit in relationship to itself, universes and other life. The term Scientology is taken from the Latin scio, which means “knowing in the fullest sense of the word,” and the Greek word logos, meaning “study of.” In itself the word means literally “knowing how to know.” Scientology is further defined as the study and handling of the spirit in relationship to itself, universes and other life. Page . moral code: an agreed-upon code of right and wrong conduct. Page . cornerstone: a fundamental element or part of something; basic; essential. Literally, a cornerstone is a stone that forms part of the corner of the foundation of a building. Page . contemplative: given to contemplation, the action of thinking or considering something; theoretical as opposed to practical. Page . technology: the methods of application of an art or science as opposed to mere knowledge of the science or art itself. In Scientology, the term technology refers to the methods of application of Scientology principles to improve the functions of the mind and rehabilitate the potentials of the spirit, developed by L. Ron Hubbard. Page . dynamic: full of energy, enthusiasm and a sense of purpose, and able both to get things going and to get things done. Page . prolific: producing large quantities of something or with great frequency. Page . barnstorming: in the early days of aviation, touring (the country) giving short airplane rides, exhibitions of stunt flying, etc. This term comes from the use of barns as hangars. Page . glider: a motorless aircraft that is supported in flight by air currents. Gliders are mainly used for sports and recreational purposes. Page . far-flung: extended far or to a great distance; remote. Page . Puerto Rican mineralogical survey: also known as the West Indies Mineralogical Expedition, an expedition organized and conducted by L. Ron Hubbard during the early 1930s. The expedition also toured other Caribbean islands while conducting its primary mission, the first complete mineralogical survey of Puerto Rico under United States protectorship. Page . protectorship: used with reference to the status of Puerto Rico, an island in the Caribbean under the protection of the United States but having independence and self-government in local matters and only partial control over foreign affairs. Page . navigation(al): the science of locating the position of ships or aircraft and plotting and directing their course (the route along which a vessel or aircraft proceeds); directing a ship by determining its position, course and distance traveled. Navigation is concerned with finding the way, avoiding collision, meeting schedules, etc. Navigation uses various tools (such as charts; observation of the Sun, Moon and stars; and various electronic and mechanical instruments) and methods to determine a ship’s direction and verify its position. Derived from the Latin navis, ship, and agere, to drive (literally, ship driving). Page . annotation(s): a note added to a text, diagram, chart or the like, giving explanation or comment. Page . maritime: of or relating to sea navigation. Page . British Columbia: a province in western Canada on the Pacific coast. Page . radio directional finding: the act or practice of determining the direction from which radio waves or signals are coming, often using a device such as an antenna that can be rotated freely on a vertical axis. Radio directional finding is usually used to assist in determining a ship’s position. Page . LORAN: abbreviation for LOng RAnge Navigation, a radio navigation system where the position of a ship or aircraft can be established based on the amount of time it takes radio signals to reach the ship from two or more known locations. Page . National Geographic: an illustrated US magazine of geography, travel, science and exploration, published since 1888. Known internationally, it has one of the largest annual magazine circulations in the world. Along with colorful articles and exceptional photographs on people, places, animals, plants and natural wonders, the magazine also reports on significant explorations sponsored by its publisher, the National Geographic Society, a world-renowned organization founded in 1888 by a number of famous explorers and scientists for the increase and spreading of geographic knowledge. Page . quarter: a particular but unspecified person, group, area or place. Page . replete: abundantly supplied or provided; filled. Page . strokes, broad: literally, a wide mark of a pen or pencil when writing or a brush when painting. Hence broad strokes, a general view or picture of a topic or subject. Page . dimension: any of the component aspects of a particular situation, etc., especially one newly discovered. Page . indigenous: originating in and characteristic of a particular region or country; native. Page . Helena: city and capital of Montana, a state in the northwestern United States bordering on Canada. Page . tribal medicine man: a person believed to have supernatural powers of curing disease and controlling spirits, as in a tribal group, a local division of a Native North American people. Page . instilled: having an idea or attitude gradually but firmly established in one’s mind. Page . profound(ly): deep-reaching or very great. Page . milestone: a significant or important event or stage in the life, progress, development or the like of a person, subject, Mankind, etc. A milestone is a stone or pillar set up to show the distance in miles to or from a specific place. Page . Freudian theory: also called psychoanalysis, a system of mental therapy developed by Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) in Austria in 1894 and which depended upon the following practices for its effects: the patient was encouraged to talk about and recall his childhood years while the practitioner searched for hidden sexual incidents believed by Freud to be the cause of mental ills. The practitioner read significances into all statements and evaluated them for the patient (told him what to think) along sex-related lines. Page . Thompson, Commander: Joseph Cheesman Thompson (1874–1943), a commander and surgeon in the United States Navy who studied Freudian analysis with Sigmund Freud (1856–1939). Page . Vienna: the capital of Austria, where Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) founded psychoanalysis. Page . Tibetan lamaseries: monasteries of lamas, priests or monks in Lamaism, a branch of Buddhism that seeks to find release from the suffering of life and attain a state of complete happiness and peace. Lamaism originated in Tibet. Page . lamaseries, Tibetan: monasteries of lamas, priests or monks in Lamaism, a branch of Buddhism that seeks to find release from the suffering of life and attain a state of complete happiness and peace. Lamaism originated in Tibet. Page . Western Hills: a range of hills in China, situated northwest of the Chinese capital, Beijing. The range is known for its many temples and has long been a religious retreat. Page . court: the residence of a king, queen or other high dignitary; palace. Page . Kublai Khan: (1216–1294) military leader of the Mongols, a people living to the north of China. He conquered China, becoming the first non-Chinese person to rule as emperor of China (1279–1294). Kublai Khan encouraged the advancement of literature, the arts and science and his court attracted people from countries all over the world. Page . abiding: continuing without change; enduring; lasting. Page . doled out: given out in small portions. Page . George Washington University: a private university, founded in 1821, in the city of Washington, DC, and named after the first president of the United States, George Washington (1732–1799). The university has a long history of supporting research in physics and other technical fields. Page . nuclear physics: that branch of physics that deals with the behavior, structure and component parts of the center of an atom (called a nucleus). Page . discipline: a branch of knowledge or learning. Page . methodology: the methods or organizing principles underlying a particular art, science or other area of study. Page . Pacific Northwest: an area of the United States that includes the states of Washington, Oregon, Idaho and western Montana. Page . Tagalogs: members of the ethnic group that is native to Manila (seaport and capital of the Philippines) and the surrounding region. Page . aboriginal: characteristic of groups of people that have existed from the earliest days; existing from the earliest known times. Page . inextricably: so closely linked to a person, place or thing that it cannot be considered separately. Page . common denominator: something common to or characteristic of a number of people, things, situations, etc.; shared characteristic. Page . yardstick: a standard used to judge the quality, value or success of something. Page . manuscript: an author’s work as written or typed, not a printed book. Page . “Excalibur”: a philosophic manuscript written by L. Ron Hubbard in 1938. Although unpublished as such, the body of information it contained has since been released in various Dianetics and Scientology materials. Page . signpost: literally, a long piece of wood or other material set upright into the ground bearing a sign that gives information or directions, such as the proper road to a place or the like. Hence, any immediate indication, obvious clue, guide, etc. Page . impetus: driving force or motive; impulse. Page . antisubmarine: of or relating to the various methods employed in war to detect and fight enemy submarines, including locating with a device that picks up reflected pulses of sound and fighting with various explosive devices. Page . unmitigated: not lessened in force or intensity. Page . Oak Knoll Naval Hospital: a naval hospital located in Oakland, California, where LRH spent time recovering from injuries sustained during World War II (1939–1945) and researching the effect of the mind on the physical recovery of patients. Page . Oakland: a seaport in western California, on San Francisco Bay, opposite the city of San Francisco. Page . optic nerve(s): the nerve that carries signals from the eye to the brain. Optic means of or relating to the eye or vision. Page . internment camps: prison camps for the confinement of prisoners of war, members of the armed forces who are captured and held by an enemy during war. Page . ramifications: effects, consequences or results that follow an action or decision. Page . precedence: the condition of having greater importance than something else; priority in importance, order or rank. Page . function: intellectual powers; mental action; thought, as contrasted with structure, how something is built or its physical design. Page . bear, bring to: exert an influence on, so as to cause an effect or attain something desired. Page . hectographed: reproduced by means of a hectograph, a machine used in the 1940s to ’60s, prior to the invention of the modern photocopier, for making many copies of a page of writing or a drawing. Page . besieged: flooded with large numbers of questions, requests and the like. Page . Winchell, Walter: (1897–1972) famous US journalist and broadcaster whose newspaper columns and radio news broadcasts gave him a massive audience and great influence in the United States in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. Page . science, physical: any of the sciences, such as physics and chemistry, that study and analyze the nature and properties of energy and nonliving matter. Page . definitive: having a fixed and final form; providing a solution or final answer; satisfying all requirements. Page . psychosomatic: psycho refers to mind and somatic refers to body; the term psychosomatic means the mind making the body ill or illnesses which have been created physically within the body by the mind. A description of the cause and source of psychosomatic ills is contained in Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health. Page . reactive mind: that portion of a person’s mind which is entirely stimulus-response, which is not under his volitional control and which exerts force and the power of command over his awareness, purposes, thoughts, body and actions. Page . stimulus-response: a certain stimulus (something that rouses a person or thing to activity or energy or that produces a reaction in the body) automatically giving a certain response. Page . volitional: of or related to the act of consciously choosing. Page . physiological(ly): relating to the way living bodies function. Page . fathomed: penetrated (something, such as a mystery, puzzle or the like) and understood thoroughly. Page . short, in: introducing a summary statement of what has been previously stated in a few words; in summary. Page . apathies: attitudes or feelings of apathy manifested by a lack of feeling or emotion; absences of interest or concern. Page . irresolution: an undecided opinion, uncertainty, doubt. Page . incontrovertible: not open to question or dispute; undeniable. Page . efficacy: the capacity for producing a desired result or effect; effectiveness. Page . processing: the application of Dianetics or Scientology techniques (called processes). Page . Clear: a being who no longer has his own reactive mind. He is a person who is not affected by aberration (any deviation or departure from rationality). He is rational in that he forms the best possible solutions he can on the data he has and from his viewpoint. Page . storm, taking by: creating a great impression upon; captivating; becoming quickly popular or famous. Page . mushroomed: sprang up suddenly or increased rapidly in numbers. Page . metaphorically: using a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance. Page . byroad: a side road or a minor road. Used figuratively to mean a course of action, investigation, etc., that is minor or less important when compared to others. Page . scriptures: the sacred writings of a religion. Page . tenet(s): something accepted as an important truth; any of a set of established and fundamental beliefs, such as one relating to religion. Page . realized: presented or brought before the mind with vividness and clarity. Page . maxim: a statement of a general rule or truth. Page . end, to that: for that purpose or reason. Page . travail: pain or suffering resulting from conditions that are mentally or physically difficult to overcome. Page . subjectively: in a way that is experienced personally, as an individual. Page . ineffable: incapable of being expressed or described in words; inexpressible. Page . gradient: done by means of a gradual approach; taking something step by step, level by level, each step or level being, of itself, easily attainable—so that finally, complicated and difficult activities or states can be achieved with relative ease. The term gradient also applies to each of the steps taken in such an approach. Page . imperishable: that cannot disappear or be destroyed; enduring permanently. Page . doctrine: a body of ideas, particularly in religion, taught to people as true or correct. Page . cite(d): mention, especially as an example of what one is saying. Page . putrefaction: the state of having deteriorated or decayed. Page . sheer: the most complete and utter (used to emphasize the unlimited extent of something). Page . 1

Written works of L. Ron Hubbard

Lafayette Ronald Hubbard (March 13, 1911 – January 24, 1986), better known as L. Ron Hubbard, was an American pulp fiction author. He wrote in a wide variety of genres, including science fiction, fantasy, adventure fiction, aviation, travel, mystery, western and romance. He is perhaps best known for his self-help book, the #1 New York Times bestseller Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health (first published in 1950), and as the founder of the Church of Scientology. L. Ron Hubbard was a prolific writer; according to the church, his written teachings make up approximately 500,000 pages and 3,000 recorded lectures, totaling about 65 million words. He also produced a hundred films and 500 short stories and novels.

Lafayette Ronald Hubbard (March 13, 1911 – January 24, 1986), better known as L. Ron Hubbard, was an American pulp fiction author. He wrote in a wide variety of genres, including science fiction, fantasy, adventure fiction, aviation, travel, mystery, western and romance. He is perhaps best known for his self-help book, the #1 New York Times bestseller Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health (first published in 1950), and as the founder of the Church of Scientology. L. Ron Hubbard was a prolific writer; according to the church, his written teachings make up approximately 500,000 pages and 3,000 recorded lectures, totaling about 65 million words. He also produced a hundred films and 500 short stories and novels. == Early writings == Although he was best known for his pulp fantasy and science fiction, Hubbard also wrote adventure, aviation, travel, mystery, western and romance. He wrote under his own name and as Kurt von Rachen and René Lafayette, his principal science fiction/fantasy pseudonyms. His other pen names included "Winchester Remington Colt (rather obviously reserved for Westerns), Lt Jonathan Daly, Capt Charles Gordon, Bernard Hubbel, Michael Keith, Legionnaire 148, Legionnaire 14830, Ken Martin, Scott Morgan or Lt Scott Morgan, Barry Randolph and Capt Humbert Reynolds." Hubbard's first short story, "Tah," was published in the Literary Supplement of The Hatchet, George Washington University's campus paper, in February 1932. In February 1934, the pulp magazine Thrilling Adventure was the first to publish one of Hubbard's short stories. Over the next six years, more than 140 of his short stories appeared in similar magazines devoted to high adventure and mystery. Hubbard began publishing Science Fiction with the magazine Astounding in 1938, and over the next decade he was a prolific contributor to both Astounding and the fantasy fiction magazine Unknown. However, despite efforts by later supporters to assign to Hubbard a central role in the creation of modern science fiction, he was not a member of the small group of prime movers—L Sprague de Camp, Robert A Heinlein and Isaac Asimov—in the genre. == Dianetics and Scientology == Hubbard's first major financial success came with the publication of Dianetics in 1950, after which he departed the field of science fiction writing for many years. In 1951, he refashioned the material of Dianetics into Scientology. At this time, he established his first publishing organization, devoted exclusively to his own works, and used it (and its later incarnations) to publish his own so-called "spiritual technology," as well as his ideas about business administration, literacy and drug rehabilitation. His views on these topics remain a source of controversy, with supporters lauding their effectiveness and critics claiming they are useless, at best, and at worst, dangerous. Hubbard returned to the field of Science Fiction writing in 1982 with the publication of Battlefield Earth, followed by the Mission Earth "dekalogy," a ten-volume series, most of which was published posthumously. == Output and Reception == Hubbard produced more than 250 published works of fiction in his writing career. At his peak, he wrote “over 100,000 words a month.” He is remembered for his “prodigious output" and the "amazing speed at which he could produce copy.” He used a special electric IBM typewriter with extra keys for common words like ‘and’, ‘the’, and ‘but.’ Scientology's publishing arm has translated his work into seventy-two languages. His fiction and non-fiction books have sold millions of copies, and Hubbard holds four Guinness World Records for “Most Published Works by One Author”, “Most Audio Books Published for One Author”, “Most Translated Author in the World”, and "Most Translated Author, Same Book" (The Way to Happiness). Criticism of Hubbard's fiction is mixed. Georges T. Dodds, columnist for WARP, newsletter/fanzine of the Montreal Science Fiction and Fantasy association writes, "much of [Hubbard's]science fiction and fantasy is quite entertaining, and in most cases as good or better than much of the pulp literature of the era." A reviewer for Publishers Weekly emphasizes "Hubbard's ability to pack an epic into relatively few pages -- this is indeed golden science fiction from the Golden Age.". The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction maintains that science fiction "was clearly not Hubbard's forte, and most of his work in the genre reads as tendentious or laboured or both. As a writer of fantasy, however, [Hubbard] wrote with an occasionally pixillated fervour that is still pleasing, and sometimes reminiscent of the screwball comedies popular in the 1930s cinema." Finally, Encyclopedia of Science Fiction has this to say about Hubbard's last foray into the genre of science fiction: "Battlefield Earth: A Saga of the Year 3000 (1982), [is] an enormously long space opera composed in an idiom that seemed embarrassingly archaic. This was followed by the Mission Earth 'dekalogy,' a ten-volume sequence whose farcical over-egging of a seriously thin narrative thread fails to disguise a tale that would have been more at home in the dawn of the Pulp magazines, though its length would not have been tolerated." == Controversy == While nineteen of Hubbard's books have appeared on the New York Times best seller list, critics have called this apparent feat an illusion. Evidence emerged early on that the best-selling statuses of many of these titles were in fact rigged by Scientology and Scientologists. == Hollywood connection == Hubbard is credited with writing the story on which The Secret of Treasure Island, a 1938 Columbia Pictures movie serial, was based, as well as the story on which one episode of the TV show Tales of Wells Fargo (1957) was based. Though both Hubbard and The Church of Scientology have made claims that he worked on a number of other Hollywood projects, there is no independently verifiable evidence to support this. == Best-Known Fiction == This is a partial list of Hubbard’s published works of fiction. Included are Fear, To the Stars, Final Blackout and Typewriter in the Sky, which were published in 1940 and reprinted numerous times. To the Stars was published in Astounding Science Fiction magazine in 1950. Hubbard had a total of 235 works of fiction published. Reprinted titles, reprinted by publisher Galaxy Press, include The Iron Duke, Hostage to Death, Cargo of Coffins, Brass Keys to Murder, and Under the Black Ensign. War-ravaged Europe is the setting of Final Blackout, which Pau Walker described as "a bleak, harsh novel of hopeless conflict and an idealistic lieutenant who fights it to its ironic end." A similar grim irony pervades Death's Deputy, in which an immortal, voided to punish humans according to the whims of his race, seeks in vain his own death. The short novels Typewriter in the Sky and Fear (Hubbard novella) are horrific fantasies which many critics consider to be classics of the science fiction's golden age. Fear, which relates the existence of a man who alternates between psychosis and sanity, is considered among Hubbard's finest works. Hubbard's last book of this period, Return to Tomorrow, is a "space opera" which anticipates future science fiction themes in its story about intergalactic traders from whom one month equals a century of earth time. Hubbard's stories written under the pseudonym of Rene Lafayette and collected in Ole Doc Methuselah (1970) relate the tales of a medical doctor who traverses time and space while opposing criminals and enemies for his profession. Battlefield Earth is a 1982 science fiction novel written by Hubbard. He composed a soundtrack to the book called Space Jazz. Initially titled "Man, the Endangered Species", Battlefield Earth was first published in 1982 by St. Martin's Press, though all subsequent reprintings have been by Church of Scientology publishing companies Bridge Publications and Galaxy Press. Written in the style of the pulp fiction era (during which Hubbard began his writing career), the novel is a massive work (over 750 pages in hardcover, 1000+ in paperback). It was Hubbard's first openly science fiction novel since his pulp magazine days of the 1940s, and it was promoted as Hubbard's "return" to science fiction after a long hiatus. The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction described the book as a "rather good, fast-paced, often fascinating SF adventure yarn." The fantasy author Neil Gaiman wrote, "For value for money I have to recommend L. Ron Hubbard's massive Battlefield Earth - over 1000 pages of thrills, spills, vicious aliens, noble humans. Is mankind an endangered species? Will handsome and heroic Jonny Goodboy Tyler win Earth back from the nine-foot-high Psychlos? A tribute to the days of Pulp, I found it un-put-downable. And all for £2.95". Frederik Pohl said, "I read 'Battlefield Earth' straight through in one sitting although it's immense... I was fascinated by it." Kevin J. Anderson says, "Battlefield Earth is like a 12-hour 'Indiana Jones' marathon. Non-stop and fast-paced. Every chapter has a big bang-up adventure." Publishers Weekly said about the novel, "This has everything: suspense, pathos, politics, war, humor, diplomacy and intergalactic finance..." Science fiction author A. E. van Vogt stated, "Wonderful adventure ... great characters ... a masterpiece." but later admitted that he had not actually read it due to its size. Battlefield Earth went to the top of the New York Times Best Seller list and also those of the Los Angeles Times, TIME, United Press International, Associated Press, B. Dalton's and Waldenbooks. According to Hubbard's literary agents, Author Services Inc., by June 1983 the book had sold 150,000 copies and earned $1.5 million. To the Stars To the Stars was first published in book format in 1954 under the title, Return to Tomorrow, it was first published in hardcover in 1975 under the same title. The book was generally positively received, and garnered a 2001 nomination for a "Retro" Hugo Award for Best Novella. Publishers Weekly gave the book a positive review, calling it one of Hubbard's "finest works", and Alan Cheuse highlighted the work on National Public Radio's program All Things Considered as a top literature holiday pick. Buckskin Brigades Buckskin Brigades was Hubbard's first hard-covered book, and his first published novel. Hubbard incorporates historical background from the Blackfeet tribe into the book. The book was re-released by Bridge Publications in a 1987 edition. The book was published in an audio book format by Bridge Publications and read by actor Bruce Boxleitner, ]who was hired by Church of Spiritual Technology subsidiary Author Services Inc. to read Hubbard's books on tape. The New York Times stated that, "Mr. Hubbard has reversed a time-honored formula and has given a thriller to which, at the end of every chapter or so, another paleface bites the dust . . . (has) an enthusiasm, even a freshness and sparkle, decidedly rare in this type of romance." Death's Deputy Death’s Deputy was first published in book form, in 1948, by Fantasy Publishing Company, Inc. The novel originally appeared in the February 1940 issue of the magazine Unknown. Fear Fear is a psychological thriller-horror novella by Hubbard first appearing in Unknown Fantasy Fiction in July 1940. Stephen King called the book, "A classic tale of creeping, surreal menace and horror." Final Blackout Final Blackout was first published in serialized format in 1940 in the science fiction magazine Astounding Science Fiction. It was published in book form in 1948 by The Hadley Publishing Co. Author Services Inc. published a hardcover edition of the book in 1988, and in 1989 the Church of Scientology-affiliated organization Bridge Publications announced that film director Christopher Cain had signed a contract to write and direct a movie version based on the book. Final Blackout and Fear are often cited by critics as the best examples of Hubbard's pulp fiction works. Robert Heinlein called the book “as perfect a piece of Science Fiction as has ever been written." Chuck Moss of Daily News of Los Angeles called the book "extremely good science fiction". The book has been included in the curriculum of a science-fiction writing class at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona Karl Edward Wagner cited Final Blackout as one of the thirteen best science-fiction horror novels. Kingslayer Kingslayer is a collection of science fiction short stories by Hubbard. It was first published in 1949 by Fantasy Publishing Company, Inc. in an edition of 1,200 copies. The title story first appeared in this collection. The other stories had previously appeared in the magazine Astounding. Ole Doc Methuselah Ole Doc Methuselah is a collection of science fiction short stories by Hubbard, published in 1970. Slaves of Sleep Slaves of Sleep was first published in book form, in 1948, by Shasta Publishers, and originally appeared in 1939 in an issue of the magazine Unknown. Typewriter in the Sky Typewriter in the Sky was well received. The Philadelphia Inquirer called it "swashbuckling fun", and John Clute and John Grant in The Encyclopedia of Fantasy characterized the work as the best of Hubbard's stories from the Arabian-fantasy theme. Mission Earth Mission Earth is an epic science fiction novel, split into ten volumes of unequal length. Each volume was a New York Times bestseller. The ten volumes of the Mission Earth series, all bar the first of which were published posthumously, comprise The Invaders Plan (1985), Black Genesis: Fortress of Evil, The Enemy Within, An Alien Affair, Fortune Of Fear, Death Quest (1986), Voyage Of Vengeance, Disaster, Villainy Victorious and The Doomed Planet (1987). == L. Ron Hubbard Writers Award Contest == Established and sponsored by Hubbard in 1983, the "Writers Award Contest" is a competition aimed at discovering, and eventually publishing, deserving amateur and aspiring writers. To enter, a writer must not have professionally published more than three short stories or more than one novelette. There is no entry fee and the entrant retains all rights to their work. The L. Ron Hubbard Gold Award, a trophy with a gold quill and star set in red-based lucite, is presented to the annual Grand Prize winner, selected from among the four first-place quarterly winners, and includes a $5,000 prize. To date, the “Writers of the Future Program” has become one of the largest, most well known and best-established discovery vehicles in the field. Winners have gone on to publish over 700 novels and 3,000 short stories, have appeared on international bestseller lists, has launched the careers of hundreds of authors, and even eight New York Times bestsellers. == L. Ron Hubbard Illustrators of the Future Contest == The L. Ron Hubbard Illustrators of the Future Contest was launched in 1988. The Contest awards three winners each quarter, and has them illustrate a winning story from the Writers of the Future Contest. These rendered illustrations are entered in the Grand Prize competition and published in the L. Ron Hubbard Presents Writers of the Future anthology with their respective companion story. All themes of science fiction and fantasy illustrations are welcome in the contest. Contestants are not required to pay an entry fee and the artist retains all rights in the entry.1

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Brian Charles Keith Hawkins<EOT>All content © Copyright 2000 - 2016 Frankly Media and . All Rights Reserved. For more information on this site, please read our Privacy Policy, Terms of Service, and Ad Choices. 1

Brian Charles Keith Hawkins

Brian Charles Keith Hawkins, CMG, OBE was a Hong Kong civil servant and government official. He was the Labour Officer and the Secretary for Chinese Affairs. Hawkins joined the Hong Kong cadets and joined the Hong Kong civil service. In 1940, he was appointed Labour Officer. During the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, Hawkins was interned at the Stanley Camp. After the war, Hawkins joined the British Military Administration as Secretary for Chinese Affairs and Labour Officer, with J. C. McDouall as his assistant. During his services as Secretary for Chinese Affairs, Hawkins managed such issues as tenancy, domestic disputes, issuing of alcohol license, and publication. In 1946, he was awarded Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for the services in connection with the rehabilitation of the colony. He continued his position as Labour Officer, in which the title was changed to Commissioner for Labour in 1947. In August 1947, the Chinese Engineers' Institute launched a strike where the Kowloon-Canton Railway and docks stopped running, the Hong Kong and China Gas Company closed and Dairy Farm stopped producing milk, which caused an immediate jump in food prices, after the engineers' demand of wage increase from $2 to $5 a day was rejected. Hawkins announced all disputes were settled and that basic wages would rise by 50 per cent after negotiations went on for more than a month. In 1948, the rickshaw pullers demanded for rent reduction of rickshaws, in which Hawkins mediated between the pullers and the owners and finally reached a settlement. In 1952, Hawkins was made Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG). In 1955, he was appointed again as Secretary for Chinese Affairs. He worked in the government until he retired around 1959.1

Brian Charles Keith Hawkins, CMG, OBE was a Hong Kong civil servant and government official. He was the Labour Officer and the Secretary for Chinese Affairs. Hawkins joined the Hong Kong cadets and joined the Hong Kong civil service. In 1940, he was appointed Labour Officer. During the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, Hawkins was interned at the Stanley Camp. After the war, Hawkins joined the British Military Administration as Secretary for Chinese Affairs and Labour Officer, with J. C. McDouall as his assistant. During his services as Secretary for Chinese Affairs, Hawkins managed such issues as tenancy, domestic disputes, issuing of alcohol license, and publication. In 1946, he was awarded Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for the services in connection with the rehabilitation of the colony. He continued his position as Labour Officer, in which the title was changed to Commissioner for Labour in 1947. In August 1947, the Chinese Engineers' Institute launched a strike where the Kowloon-Canton Railway and docks stopped running, the Hong Kong and China Gas Company closed and Dairy Farm stopped producing milk, which caused an immediate jump in food prices, after the engineers' demand of wage increase from $2 to $5 a day was rejected. Hawkins announced all disputes were settled and that basic wages would rise by 50 per cent after negotiations went on for more than a month. In 1948, the rickshaw pullers demanded for rent reduction of rickshaws, in which Hawkins mediated between the pullers and the owners and finally reached a settlement. In 1952, Hawkins was made Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG). In 1955, he was appointed again as Secretary for Chinese Affairs. He worked in the government until he retired around 1959.1

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CIE 1931 color space<EOT>Disclosure: Links in this post may be to our affiliates; sales through affiliate links may benefit this site. Please help support wolfcrow and buy from B&H and Amazon . It won’t cost you anything extra. <doc-sep> If the ICC reference white were D65 or E . . . 1

CIE 1931 color space

The CIE 1931 color spaces were the first defined quantitative links between physical pure colors (i.e. wavelengths) in the electromagnetic visible spectrum, and physiological perceived colors in human color vision. The mathematical relationships that define these color spaces are essential tools for color management, important when dealing with color inks, illuminated displays, and recording devices such as digital cameras. The CIE 1931 RGB color space and CIE 1931 XYZ color space were created by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1931. They resulted from a series of experiments done in the late 1920s by William David Wright and John Guild. The experimental results were combined into the specification of the CIE RGB color space, from which the CIE XYZ color space was derived. The CIE 1931 color spaces are still widely used, as is the 1976 CIELUV color space.

The CIE 1931 color spaces were the first defined quantitative links between physical pure colors (i.e. wavelengths) in the electromagnetic visible spectrum, and physiological perceived colors in human color vision. The mathematical relationships that define these color spaces are essential tools for color management, important when dealing with color inks, illuminated displays, and recording devices such as digital cameras. The CIE 1931 RGB color space and CIE 1931 XYZ color space were created by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1931. They resulted from a series of experiments done in the late 1920s by William David Wright and John Guild. The experimental results were combined into the specification of the CIE RGB color space, from which the CIE XYZ color space was derived. The CIE 1931 color spaces are still widely used, as is the 1976 CIELUV color space. == Tristimulus values == The human eye with normal vision has three kinds of cone cells, which sense light, with spectral sensitivity peaks in short (S, 420 nm–440 nm), middle (M, 530 nm–540 nm), and long (L, 560 nm–580 nm) wavelengths. These cone cells underlie human color perception under medium- and high-brightness conditions (in very dim light, color vision diminishes, and the low-brightness, monochromatic "night-vision" receptors, called rod cells, take over). Thus, three parameters, corresponding to levels of stimulus of the three types of cone cells, can in principle describe any color sensation. Weighting a total light power spectrum by the individual spectral sensitivities of the three types of cone cells gives three effective stimulus values; these three values make up a tristimulus specification of the objective color of the light spectrum. The three parameters, denoted S, M, and L, can be indicated using a 3-dimensional space, called LMS color space, which is one of many color spaces which have been devised to help quantify human color vision. A color space maps a range of physically produced colors (from mixed light, pigments, etc.) to an objective description of color sensations registered in the eye, typically in terms of tristimulus values, but not usually in the LMS space defined by the cone spectral sensitivities. The tristimulus values associated with a color space can be conceptualized as amounts of three primary colors in a tri-chromatic additive color model. In some color spaces, including LMS and XYZ spaces, the primary colors used are not real colors, in the sense that they cannot be generated with any light spectrum. The CIE XYZ color space encompasses all color sensations that an average person can experience. That is why CIE XYZ (Tristimulus values) is a device invariant color representation. It serves as a standard reference against which many other color spaces are defined. A set of color-matching functions, like the spectral sensitivity curves of the LMS space but not restricted to be nonnegative sensitivities, associates physically produced light spectra with specific tristimulus values. Consider two light sources made up of different mixtures of various wavelengths. Such light sources may appear to be the same color; this effect is called metamerism. Such light sources have the same apparent color to an observer when they produce the same tristimulus values, no matter what the spectral power distributions of the sources are. Most wavelengths stimulate two or all three types of cone cell, because the spectral sensitivity curves of the three types of cone cells overlap. Certain tristimulus values are thus physically impossible (for instance LMS tristimulus values that are non-zero for the M component, and zero for both L and S). Furthermore, LMS tristimulus values for pure spectral colors would, in any normal trichromatic additive color space (e.g. RGB color spaces), imply negative values for at least one of the three primaries, since the chromaticity would be outside the color triangle defined by the primary colors. To avoid these negative RGB values, and to have one component that describes the perceived brightness, "imaginary" primary colors and corresponding color-matching functions have been formulated. The resulting tristimulus values are defined by the CIE 1931 color space, in which they are denoted X, Y, and Z. In XYZ space, all combinations of nonnegative coordinates are meaningful, but many such as the primary locations [1, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], and [0, 0, 1] correspond to imaginary colors outside the space of possible LMS coordinates; imaginary colors do not correspond to any spectral distribution of wavelengths, so have no physical reality. == Meaning of X, Y and Z == When judging the relative luminance (brightness) of different colors in well-lit situations, humans tend to perceive light within the green parts of the spectrum as brighter than red or blue light of equal power. The luminosity function that describes the perceived brightnesses of different wavelengths is thus roughly analogous to the spectral sensitivity of M cones. The CIE model capitalises on this fact by defining Y as luminance. Z is quasi-equal to blue stimulation, or the S cone response, and X is a mix (a linear combination) of cone response curves chosen to be nonnegative. The XYZ tristimulus values are thus analogous to, but different from, the LMS cone responses of the human eye. Defining Y as luminance has the useful result that for any given Y value, the XZ plane will contain all possible chromaticities at that luminance. The unit of the tristimulus values X, Y, and Z is often arbitrarily chosen so that Y = 1 or Y = 100 is the brightest white that a color display supports. The corresponding whitepoint values for X and Z can then be inferred using the standard illuminants. == CIE standard observer == Due to the distribution of cones in the eye, the tristimulus values depend on the observer's field of view. To eliminate this variable, the CIE defined a color-mapping function called the standard (colorimetric) observer, to represent an average human's chromatic response within a 2° arc inside the fovea. This angle was chosen owing to the belief that the color-sensitive cones resided within a 2° arc of the fovea. Thus the CIE 1931 Standard Observer function is also known as the CIE 1931 2° Standard Observer. A more modern but less-used alternative is the CIE 1964 10° Standard Observer, which is derived from the work of Stiles and Burch, and Speranskaya. For the 10° experiments, the observers were instructed to ignore the central 2° spot. The 1964 Supplementary Standard Observer function is recommended when dealing with more than about a 4° field of view. Both standard observer functions are discretized at 5 nm wavelength intervals from 380 nm to 780 nm and distributed by the CIE. All corresponding values have been calculated from experimentally obtained data using interpolation. The standard observer is characterized by three color matching functions. The derivation of the CIE standard observer from color matching experiments is given below, after the description of the CIE RGB space. == Color matching functions == The CIE's color matching functions , and are the numerical description of the chromatic response of the observer (described above). They can be thought of as the spectral sensitivity curves of three linear light detectors yielding the CIE tristimulus values X, Y and Z. Collectively, these three functions are known as the CIE standard observer. Other observers, such as for the CIE RGB space or other RGB color spaces, are defined by other sets of three color-matching functions, and lead to tristimulus values in those other spaces. == Computing XYZ From Spectral Data == == Emissive Case == The tristimulus values for a color with a spectral radiance Le,Ω,λ are given in terms of the standard observer by: where is the wavelength of the equivalent monochromatic light (measured in nanometers), and the standard limits of the integral are . The values of X, Y, and Z are bounded if the radiance spectrum Le,Ω,λ is bounded. == Reflective and Transmissive Cases == The reflective and transmissive cases are very similar to the emissive case, with a few differences. The spectral radiance Le,Ω,λ is replaced by the spectral reflectance (or transmittance) S(λ) of the object being measured, multiplied by the spectral power distribution of the illuminant I(λ). where K is a scaling factor (usually 1 or 100), and is the wavelength of the equivalent monochromatic light (measured in nanometers), and the standard limits of the integral are . == CIE xy chromaticity diagram and the CIE xyY color space == Since the human eye has three types of color sensors that respond to different ranges of wavelengths, a full plot of all visible colors is a three-dimensional figure. However, the concept of color can be divided into two parts: brightness and chromaticity. For example, the color white is a bright color, while the color grey is considered to be a less bright version of that same white. In other words, the chromaticity of white and grey are the same while their brightness differs. The CIE XYZ color space was deliberately designed so that the Y parameter is a measure of the luminance of a color. The chromaticity of a color is then specified by the two derived parameters x and y, two of the three normalized values being functions of all three tristimulus values X, Y, and Z: The derived color space specified by x, y, and Y is known as the CIE xyY color space and is widely used to specify colors in practice. The X and Z tristimulus values can be calculated back from the chromaticity values x and y and the Y tristimulus value: The figure on the right shows the related chromaticity diagram. The outer curved boundary is the spectral locus, with wavelengths shown in nanometers. Note that the chromaticity diagram is a tool to specify how the human eye will experience light with a given spectrum. It cannot specify colors of objects (or printing inks), since the chromaticity observed while looking at an object depends on the light source as well. Mathematically the colors of the chromaticity diagram occupy a region of the real projective plane. The chromaticity diagram illustrates a number of interesting properties of the CIE XYZ color space: The diagram represents all of the chromaticities visible to the average person. These are shown in color and this region is called the gamut of human vision. The gamut of all visible chromaticities on the CIE plot is the tongue-shaped or horseshoe-shaped figure shown in color. The curved edge of the gamut is called the spectral locus and corresponds to monochromatic light (each point representing a pure hue of a single wavelength), with wavelengths listed in nanometers. The straight edge on the lower part of the gamut is called the line of purples. These colors, although they are on the border of the gamut, have no counterpart in monochromatic light. Less saturated colors appear in the interior of the figure with white at the center. It is seen that all visible chromaticities correspond to non-negative values of x, y, and z (and therefore to non-negative values of X, Y, and Z). If one chooses any two points of color on the chromaticity diagram, then all the colors that lie in a straight line between the two points can be formed by mixing these two colors. It follows that the gamut of colors must be convex in shape. All colors that can be formed by mixing three sources are found inside the triangle formed by the source points on the chromaticity diagram (and so on for multiple sources). An equal mixture of two equally bright colors will not generally lie on the midpoint of that line segment. In more general terms, a distance on the CIE xy chromaticity diagram does not correspond to the degree of difference between two colors. In the early 1940s, David MacAdam studied the nature of visual sensitivity to color differences, and summarized his results in the concept of a MacAdam ellipse. Based on the work of MacAdam, the CIE 1960, CIE 1964, and CIE 1976 color spaces were developed, with the goal of achieving perceptual uniformity (have an equal distance in the color space correspond to equal differences in color). Although they were a distinct improvement over the CIE 1931 system, they were not completely free of distortion. It can be seen that, given three real sources, these sources cannot cover the gamut of human vision. Geometrically stated, there are no three points within the gamut that form a triangle that includes the entire gamut; or more simply, the gamut of human vision is not a triangle. Light with a flat power spectrum in terms of wavelength (equal power in every 1 nm interval) corresponds to the point (x, y) = (1/3, 1/3). == Definition of the CIE XYZ color space == == CIE RGB color space == The CIE RGB color space is one of many RGB color spaces, distinguished by a particular set of monochromatic (single-wavelength) primary colors. In the 1920s, W. David Wright and John Guild independently conducted a series of experiments on human sight which laid the foundation for the specification of the CIE XYZ color space. Wright carried out trichromatic color matching experiments with ten observers. Guild actually conducted his experiments with seven observers. The experiments were conducted by using a circular split screen (a bipartite field) 2 degrees in diameter, which is the angular size of the human fovea. On one side of the field a test color was projected and on the other side, an observer-adjustable color was projected. The adjustable color was a mixture of three primary colors, each with fixed chromaticity, but with adjustable brightness. The observer would alter the brightness of each of the three primary beams until a match to the test color was observed. Not all test colors could be matched using this technique. When this was the case, a variable amount of one of the primaries could be added to the test color, and a match with the remaining two primaries was carried out with the variable color spot. For these cases, the amount of the primary added to the test color was considered to be a negative value. In this way, the entire range of human color perception could be covered. When the test colors were monochromatic, a plot could be made of the amount of each primary used as a function of the wavelength of the test color. These three functions are called the color matching functions for that particular experiment. Although Wright and Guild's experiments were carried out using various primaries at various intensities, and although they used a number of different observers, all of their results were summarized by the standardized CIE RGB color matching functions , , and , obtained using three monochromatic primaries at standardized wavelengths of 700 nm (red), 546.1 nm (green) and 435.8 nm (blue). The color matching functions are the amounts of primaries needed to match the monochromatic test primary. These functions are shown in the plot on the right (CIE 1931). Note that and are zero at 435.8 nm, and are zero at 546.1 nm and and are zero at 700 nm, since in these cases the test color is one of the primaries. The primaries with wavelengths 546.1 nm and 435.8 nm were chosen because they are easily reproducible monochromatic lines of a mercury vapor discharge. The 700 nm wavelength, which in 1931 was difficult to reproduce as a monochromatic beam, was chosen because the eye's perception of color is rather unchanging at this wavelength, and therefore small errors in wavelength of this primary would have little effect on the results. The color matching functions and primaries were settled upon by a CIE special commission after considerable deliberation. The cut-offs at the short- and long-wavelength side of the diagram are chosen somewhat arbitrarily; the human eye can actually see light with wavelengths up to about 810 nm, but with a sensitivity that is many thousand times lower than for green light. These color matching functions define what is known as the "1931 CIE standard observer". Note that rather than specify the brightness of each primary, the curves are normalized to have constant area beneath them. This area is fixed to a particular value by specifying that The resulting normalized color matching functions are then scaled in the r:g:b ratio of 1:4.5907:0.0601 for source luminance and 72.0962:1.3791:1 for source radiance to reproduce the true color matching functions. By proposing that the primaries be standardized, the CIE established an international system of objective color notation. Given these scaled color matching functions, the RGB tristimulus values for a color with a spectral power distribution would then be given by: These are all inner products and can be thought of as a projection of an infinite-dimensional spectrum to a three-dimensional color. == Grassmann's law == One might ask: "Why is it possible that Wright and Guild's results can be summarized using different primaries and different intensities from those actually used?" One might also ask: "What about the case when the test colors being matched are not monochromatic?" The answer to both of these questions lies in the (near) linearity of human color perception. This linearity is expressed in Grassmann's law. The CIE RGB space can be used to define chromaticity in the usual way: The chromaticity coordinates are r and g where: == Construction of the CIE XYZ color space from the Wright–Guild data == Having developed an RGB model of human vision using the CIE RGB matching functions, the members of the special commission wished to develop another color space that would relate to the CIE RGB color space. It was assumed that Grassmann's law held, and the new space would be related to the CIE RGB space by a linear transformation. The new space would be defined in terms of three new color matching functions , , and as described above. The new color space would be chosen to have the following desirable properties: The new color matching functions were to be everywhere greater than or equal to zero. In 1931, computations were done by hand or slide rule, and the specification of positive values was a useful computational simplification. The color matching function would be exactly equal to the photopic luminous efficiency function V(λ) for the "CIE standard photopic observer". The luminance function describes the variation of perceived brightness with wavelength. The fact that the luminance function could be constructed by a linear combination of the RGB color matching functions was not guaranteed by any means but might be expected to be nearly true due to the near-linear nature of human sight. Again, the main reason for this requirement was computational simplification. For the constant energy white point, it was required that x = y = z = 1/3. By virtue of the definition of chromaticity and the requirement of positive values of x and y, it can be seen that the gamut of all colors will lie inside the triangle [1, 0], [0, 0], [0, 1]. It was required that the gamut fill this space practically completely. It was found that the color matching function could be set to zero above 650 nm while remaining within the bounds of experimental error. For computational simplicity, it was specified that this would be so. In geometrical terms, choosing the new color space amounts to choosing a new triangle in rg chromaticity space. In the figure above-right, the rg chromaticity coordinates are shown on the two axes in black, along with the gamut of the 1931 standard observer. Shown in red are the CIE xy chromaticity axes which were determined by the above requirements. The requirement that the XYZ coordinates be non-negative means that the triangle formed by Cᵣ, Cg, Cb must encompass the entire gamut of the standard observer. The line connecting Cᵣ and Cb is fixed by the requirement that the function be equal to the luminance function. This line is the line of zero luminance, and is called the alychne. The requirement that the function be zero above 650 nm means that the line connecting Cg and Cᵣ must be tangent to the gamut in the region of Kᵣ. This defines the location of point Cᵣ. The requirement that the equal energy point be defined by x = y = 1/3 puts a restriction on the line joining Cb and Cg, and finally, the requirement that the gamut fill the space puts a second restriction on this line to be very close to the gamut in the green region, which specifies the location of Cg and Cb. The above described transformation is a linear transformation from the CIE RGB space to XYZ space. The standardized transformation settled upon by the CIE special commission was as follows: The numbers in the conversion matrix below are exact, with the number of digits specified in CIE standards. While the above matrix is exactly specified in standards, going the other direction uses an inverse matrix that is not exactly specified, but is approximately: The integrals of the XYZ color matching functions must all be equal by requirement 3 above, and this is set by the integral of the photopic luminous efficiency function by requirement 2 above. The tabulated sensitivity curves have a certain amount of arbitrariness in them. The shapes of the individual X, Y and Z sensitivity curves can be measured with a reasonable accuracy. However, the overall luminosity curve (which in fact is a weighted sum of these three curves) is subjective, since it involves asking a test person whether two light sources have the same brightness, even if they are in completely different colors. Along the same lines, the relative magnitudes of the X, Y, and Z curves are arbitrary. Furthermore, one could define a valid color space with an X sensitivity curve that has twice the amplitude. This new color space would have a different shape. The sensitivity curves in the CIE 1931 and 1964 XYZ color spaces are scaled to have equal areas under the curves.1

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2017–18 Ottawa Senators season<EOT>1

2017–18 Ottawa Senators season

The 2017–18 Ottawa Senators season will be the 26th season for the National Hockey League franchise that was reestablished on December 16, 1990.

The 2017–18 Ottawa Senators season will be the 26th season for the National Hockey League franchise that was reestablished on December 16, 1990. == Off-season == On June 14, 2017, the Senators announced that long-time winger Chris Neil would not be re-signed and he will become a free agent on July 1. Neil had played over 1000 games for the Senators since being drafted by the team in 1998, accumulating 2522 penalty minutes during this time, the 20th most of any player in league history. On July 1, 2017, former Senators team captain Daniel Alfredsson announced he was stepping down in his role as Senior Advisor of Hockey Operations. He stated he wanted to take a complete break from the game and evaluate what's next. Alfredsson held the role for two seasons. == Pre-season == On June 16, 2017, the Senators announced their pre-season schedule. They will play a 6-game schedule starting Monday, September 18, including a home-and-home set against their provincial rivals, the Toronto Maple Leafs, and a game against the New Jersey Devils in the town of O'Leary, Prince Edward Island as part of Kraft Hockeyville on September 25. The team will also play two games against their closest geographical rival, the Montreal Canadiens, and one game in Winnipeg against the Jets. == Regular season == The Senators' home opener will be against the Washington Capitals on Thursday, October 5. On Friday, November 10, and Saturday, November 11, the Senators will play two games against the Colorado Avalanche in Stockholm, Sweden. This will mark the first time an NHL regular season game has been played outside of North America since 2011. == Playoffs == The Senators will attempt to qualify for the postseason for the 18th time in the current franchise's 26-year history. If the Senators do qualify for the playoffs, it will mark the first time they've made the postseason in back-to-back seasons since 2012 and 2013. Should they miss the postseason, it will mark the fourth time since 2008 they've missed the postseason. == Schedule and results == == Pre-season == == Regular season == == Roster == Updated July 24, 2017. Sources: Ottawa Senators, TSN, CBS Sports == Transactions == == Free agents acquired == == Free agents lost == == Claimed via waivers == == Lost via waivers == == Player signings == == Draft picks == The Senators participated in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft. The draft was held on June 23–24, 2017 at the United Center in Chicago, Illinois. Draft Notes The Calgary Flames' second-round pick went to the Ottawa Senators as the result of a trade on March 1, 2017 that sent Curtis Lazar and Mike Kostka to Calgary in exchange for Jyrki Jokipakka and this pick. The Ottawa Senators' second-round pick went to the Toronto Maple Leafs as the result of a trade on February 9, 2016 that sent Dion Phaneuf, Matt Frattin, Casey Bailey, Ryan Rupert and Cody Donaghey to Ottawa in exchange for Milan Michalek, Jared Cowen, Colin Greening, Tobias Lindberg and this pick. The Ottawa Senators' third-round pick went to the Chicago Blackhawks as the result of a trade on April 28, 2017 that sent Scott Darling to Carolina in exchange for this pick. Carolina previously acquired this pick as the result of a trade on February 28, 2017 that sent Viktor Stalberg to Ottawa in exchange for this pick. The Ottawa Senators' fifth-round pick went to the Pittsburgh Penguins as the result of a trade on November 2, 2016 that Mike Condon to Ottawa exchange for this pick. The Ottawa Senators' seventh-round pick went to the San Jose Sharks as the result of a trade on January 24, 2017 that sent Tommy Wingels to Ottawa in exchange for Buddy Robinson, Zack Stortini and this pick.1

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The Best of Roald Dahl<EOT>1

The Best of Roald Dahl

The Best of Roald Dahl is a collection of 25 of Roald Dahl's short stories. The first edition was published in 1978.

The Best of Roald Dahl is a collection of 25 of Roald Dahl's short stories. The first edition was published in 1978. == Contents == Madame Rosette Man from the South The Sound Machine Taste Dip in the Pool Skin Edward the Conqueror Lamb to the Slaughter Galloping Foxley The Way Up to Heaven Parson's Pleasure The Landlady William and Mary Mrs. Bixby and the Colonel's Coat Royal Jelly Georgy Porgy Genesis and Catastrophe Pig The Visitor Claud's Dog (The Ratcatcher, Rummins, Mr. Hoddy, Mr. Feasy, Champion of the World) The Great Switcheroo The Boy Who Talked with Animals The Hitchhiker The Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar The Bookseller1

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Charenton-le-Pont<EOT>1

Charenton-le-Pont

Charenton-le-Pont is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 6.2 km (3.9 mi) from the centre of Paris. It is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe. The Charenton Psychiatric Hospital is located in the neighbouring commune Charenton-Saint-Maurice, which changed its name in 1842 to Saint Maurice.

Charenton-le-Pont is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 6.2 km (3.9 mi) from the centre of Paris. It is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe. The Charenton Psychiatric Hospital is located in the neighbouring commune Charenton-Saint-Maurice, which changed its name in 1842 to Saint Maurice. == History == A Bronze Age hoard of weapons was found in the river Seine at Charenton in the late nineteenth century. Comprising swords, axes, spear heads and other miscellaneous objects, it is now in the British Museum. On 1 January 1860, the city of Paris was enlarged by annexing neighbouring communes. On that occasion, half of the commune of Bercy was annexed to the city of the Paris, and the remaining half was annexed to Charenton-le-Pont. In 1929, the commune of Charenton-le-Pont lost about a third of its territory when the city of Paris annexed the Bois de Vincennes, a small part of which belonged to Charenton-le-Pont. == Transport == Charenton-le-Pont is served by two stations on Paris Métro Line 8: Liberté and Charenton — Écoles. == Education == As of 2015 the commune has 14 public and private schools. Public preschools (écoles maternelles): 4 vents, Cerisae, Champ des Alouettes, Conflans, Port au Lions, and Valmy Public elementary schools: Briand A, Briand B, Desnos, Pasteur, and Valmy Collège la Cerisaie (junior high school) Lycée Robert Schuman (public senior high school/sixth-form college) Notre dame des Missions (private school, elementary through senior high school/sixth form college) == International relations == == Twin towns – Sister cities == Charenton-le-Pont is twinned with: Trowbridge, United Kingdom == Economy == Essilor, headquarters Natixis, the bank has three sites (Liberté 1, Liberté 2 et Bercy) with around 5,000 people Crédit Foncier de France, headquarters at 4 quai de Bercy Porto Cruz, plant and distribution platform1

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Paganini Quartet<EOT>1

Paganini Quartet

The Paganini Quartet was a virtuoso string quartet founded by its first violinist, Henri Temianka, in 1946. The quartet drew its name from the fact that all four of its instruments, made by Antonio Stradivari (1644–1737), had once been owned by the great Italian violinist and composer Niccolo Paganini (1782–1840).

The Paganini Quartet was a virtuoso string quartet founded by its first violinist, Henri Temianka, in 1946. The quartet drew its name from the fact that all four of its instruments, made by Antonio Stradivari (1644–1737), had once been owned by the great Italian violinist and composer Niccolo Paganini (1782–1840). == Origins == In 1945 Temianka met the noted cellist Robert Maas, who had been with the Pro Arte Quartet. Maas had already secured the sponsorship of Mrs. William Andrews Clark, who was interested in forming a new string quartet. Meanwhile the famous patroness of chamber music, Mrs. Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge, had sponsored Temianka’s performance of the Beethoven violin sonata cycle at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., with pianist Leonard Shure, and she also expressed interest in the project. Maas happened upon the four Paganini Strads at the shop of Emil Herrmann in New York, and mentioned them to Mrs. Clark, who promptly purchased the fabulous instruments for the Quartet's use. Gustave Rosseels, violin, and Robert Courte, viola, immediately accepted invitations to complete the ensemble, and soon they were heralded as “a great quartet born on American soil.” Temianka referred to it as the "spiritual heir of the Pro Arte Quartet." In 1946 - 47 they played all the Beethoven string quartets at the Library of Congress; people began lining up at 5:00 a.m. to purchase tickets for the series, which was sold out in an hour. A recording contract with RCA Victor followed, and their rendition of the three Beethoven Opus 59 “Rasumovsky” quartets won the industry’s award for best recording of 1947. The Quartet made its home in Los Angeles, California. During rehearsals they usually spoke French. The story of how the Paganini Quartet came into being is told in much greater detail in Henri Temianka’s book Facing the Music. == Career == During its 20-year international career, the Paganini Quartet concertized continuously in large cities and small towns throughout the United States, as well as in famous concert halls around the world. They made joint appearances with Arthur Rubinstein, Andrés Segovia, Claudio Arrau and Gary Graffman. Their recordings included most of the Beethoven Quartets as well as those of Fauré, Verdi, Debussy, Ravel and others (see Discography, below). They also played the world premieres of works by Darius Milhaud, Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco, Alberto Ginastera and Benjamin Lees. == Members == Henri Temianka was widely known as a concert violinist and conductor, author and educator. He was the only constant member of the Paganini Quartet throughout its existence. Gustave Rosseels was the original second violinist. Later he was replaced by Charles Libove (who subsequently became first violinist with the Beaux-Arts Quartet), and then Stefan Krayk. Robert Courte, who had been a professor of viola at the Royal Conservatory in Brussels, was the original violist. He was later replaced by Charles Foidart, and then David Schwartz and Albert Gillis, respectively. Cellist Robert Maas died suddenly in 1948. He was replaced by Adolphe Frezin, and later by Lucien Laporte, who had been first cellist for the New York Symphony under Walter Damrosch and the NBC Symphony. Gabor Rejto, Victor Gottlieb and Edgar Lustgarten also filled in at various times. == Instruments == The four superb Strads were among the most cherished possessions of the famed virtuoso Niccolo Paganini. After their purchase by Mrs. Clark, further adjustments were made to the instruments by the great craftsman Simone Fernando Sacconi. The provenance of the instruments is as follows . The first violin, the "Comte Cozio di Salabue," was made by Stradivari in 1727 and was played by Paganini himself, after he acquired it from Count Cozio de Salabue in 1817. The second violin, the "Desaint," was made by Stradivari in 1680. It is an example of Stradivari’s early Amatise style, and is profiled in the book Stradivari’s Genius by Toby Faber. The viola, the "Mendelssohn," was made in 1731, when Stradivari was 86 years old. It is one of fewer than a dozen surviving Strad violas, and was the instrument that inspired Paganini to commission Hector Berlioz to write his symphonic poem “Harold in Italy”. The cello is the “Ladenburg” of 1736. It was owned by the Mendelssohn family before coming into Paganini’s possession. When the Paganini Quartet disbanded in 1966, the four Strads reverted to the Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. In accordance with Mrs. Clark's will, they were never to be separated. Beginning in 1992 they were loaned to the Cleveland String Quartet. Since 1994 they have been owned by the Nippon Music Foundation, and were played by the Tokyo String Quartet until the quartet disbanded in 2013. The four instruments are played by the Hagen Quartet since December, 2013. == Repertoire == As per the brochure published by F.C Schang 3rd c. 1948, the Quartet’s repertoire included the following pieces at that time: Ahrendt—Quartet; Babin—Quartet; Bach—excerpts from The Art of the Fugue; Barber—Opus 11; Bartók—Quartets nos. 1, 2, 6; Beethoven—Entire cycle of 16 quartets; Bloch—Quartet no. 2; Brahms—Opus 51, nos.1, 2; Opus 67; Britten—Quartet no. 2; Debussy—Quartet Opus 10 in G minor; Delerue—Quartet; Dittersdorf—Quartet in E flat major; Dvořák—American Quartet Opus 96; Francaix—Quartet; Franck—Quartet in D major; Fuerstner—Divertimento; Haydn—30 famous quartets; Hindemith Quartet no. 3 Opus 22; Jacobi—Quartet no. 3; Mendelssohn—Opus 12; Milhaud—Quartets no. 4, 7 & 15; Mozart—10 famous quartets; Piston—Quartet no. 2; Rathaus—Quartet no. 4; Ravel—Quartet in F major; Robertson—American Serenade; Schubert—Opus 29 in A minor; Quartet no. 14, Opus 125 no. 1(“Death and the Maiden”); Schumann—3 Quartets Opus 41; Shostakovich—Quartet no. 1; Stravinsky—Concertino, Three Pieces; Toch—Opus 18; Verdi—Quartet in e minor; Vivaldi—L’Estro Armonico (arr. string quartet). == Reviews == Harold C. Schonberg wrote about the Paganini Quartet's Beethoven recordings in "The Guide to Long-Playing Records: Chamber and Solo Instrument Music" in 1955, "One thing this quartet does have, and that is tone... it never lost its juicy sound. The performances always have taste..." Alfred Frankenstein of the San Francisco Chronicle wrote, “Perhaps never before has one heard a string quartet with so rich, mellow and superbly polished a tone.” In Paris, L’Illustration wrote, “The Paganini Quartet thrilled Paris.” == Discography == The Paganini Quartet recorded copiously on 33, 45 and 78 rpm format records, as well as a few reel-to-reel tape releases. A summary of these in-studio recordings includes, by label: RCA Victor: Beethoven Quartets nos. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15 and 16. (These were remastered and reissued on CD's in 2012 by United Archives.) Debussy Quartet in G minor. Fauré Piano Quartet no. 1 (with Artur Rubinstein). Selected movements from quartets by Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Mendelssohn, Schumann, Tchaikovsky and Dvořák. Schumann Piano Quintet in E flat (with Artur Rubinstein). Verdi Quartet in E minor. Ravel Quartet in F. For a list of the Paganini Quartet's 78rpm Victor Musical Masterpiece sets see - http://www.78rpmcommunity.com/indexsearch/blog/paganini-quartet-and-the.html Concert-Disc: Brahms Piano Quintet in F (with Ralph Votapek) Decca: Ginastera Quartet no. 1; Lajhta Quartet no. 7 op. 49 KAPP: Haydn Quartet in C (“Emperor”); Mozart Quartet in C, K. 465 (“Dissonant”); Debussy Quartet in g minor; Ravel Quartet in F Liberty: Britten Quartet no. 1 in D; Debussy Quartet in G minor; Lees Quartet no. 1; Schumann Quartet no. 1 in A minor Western Recorders (unreleased): Bartók Quartet no. 1 op. 71

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Francis Ledwidge<EOT>The poet Francis Ledwidge was born in Slane on 19th August 1887. Francis was the eight of nine children born to Patrick and Anne Ledwidge at Janeville just outside the village of Slane . From the age of fourteen his works were published in his local newspaper, the Drogheda Independent reflecting his passion for the Boyne Valley. While working as a road labourer he won the patronage of the writer, Lord Dunsany, after he wrote to him in 1912, enclosing copybooks of his early work. Dunsany, a man of letters already well known in Dublin and London literary and dramatic circles, and whose own start in publishing had been with a few poems, promoted him in Dublin and introduced him to W.B. Yeats with whom he became acquainted. <doc-sep> You're almost there.We've just sent a confirmation email to . Check it out to confirm your registration. is already registered with . You will be able to use the same account on . Alternatively, you can create a new account with another email address. We have sent a confirmation email to . Please check your email and click on the link to activate your account. <doc-sep> Research into the emotions is beginning to gain momentum in Anglo-Saxon studies . In order to integrate early medieval Britain into the wider scholarly research into the history of emotions (a major theme in other fields and a key field in interdisciplinary studies), this volume brings together established scholars, who have already made significant contributions to the study of Anglo-Saxon mental and emotional life, with younger scholars. 1

Francis Ledwidge

Francis Edward Ledwidge (19 August 1887 – 31 July 1917) was an Irish war poet from County Meath. Sometimes known as the "poet of the blackbirds", he was killed in action at the Battle of Passchendaele during World War I.

Francis Edward Ledwidge (19 August 1887 – 31 July 1917) was an Irish war poet from County Meath. Sometimes known as the "poet of the blackbirds", he was killed in action at the Battle of Passchendaele during World War I. == Early life == Ledwidge was born at Janeville, Slane, in Ireland, the eighth of nine children in a poverty-stricken family. His parents, Patrick Ledwidge (the Ledwidge family, from Shropshire, was granted land in Meath after the Norman invasion) and wife Anne Lynch (1853–1926), believed in giving their children the best education they could afford. But when Francis was only five his father Patrick died prematurely, which forced his wife and the children out to work at an early age. Francis left the local national school aged thirteen, and while he continued to educate himself, he worked at what work he could find, as farm hand, road mender and supervisor of roads, as copper miner (sacked for organising a strike for better mining conditions, three years before the general 1913 strike, and was a trade union activist since 1906) and shop assistant. Appointed secretary of the Slane branch of the Meath Labour Union (1913–14) he had aspirations of permanent white-collar work. He was known for his connections with Sinn Féin. == Young poet == Strongly built, with striking brown eyes and a sensuous face, Ledwidge was a keen poet, writing where ever he could – sometimes even on gates or fence posts. From the age of fourteen his works were published in his local newspaper, the Drogheda Independent reflecting his passion for the Boyne Valley. While working as a road labourer he won the patronage of the writer Lord Dunsany after writing to him in 1912, enclosing copybooks of his early work. Dunsany, a man of letters already well known in Dublin and London literary and dramatic circles, and whose own start in publishing had been with a few poems, promoted him in Dublin and introduced him to W.B. Yeats with whom he became acquainted. Dunsany supported Ledwidge with money and literary advice for some years, providing him with access to and a workspace in Dunsany Castle's Library where he met the Irish writer Katharine Tynan, corresponding with her regularly. Dunsany later prepared his first collection of poetry Songs of the Fields, which successfully appealed to the expectations of the Irish Literary Revival and its social taste for rural poetry. == Home Rule and World War I == Ledwidge was a keen patriot and nationalist. His efforts to found a branch of the Gaelic League in Slane were thwarted by members of the local council. The area organiser encouraged him to continue his struggle, but Francis gave up. He did manage to act as a founding member with his brother Joseph of the Slane Branch of the Irish Volunteers (1914), a nationalist force created in response to the arming of the Ulster Volunteers who swore to resist the introduction of Home Rule for Ireland by force, if need be. The Irish Volunteers were set up to prevent their belligerence and to ensure Home Rule would come to pass. On the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, and on account of Ireland's involvement in the war, the Irish Volunteers split into two factions, the National Volunteers who supported John Redmond's appeal to join Irish regiments in support of the Allied war cause and those who did not. Francis was originally of the latter party. Nevertheless, having defended this position strongly at a local council meeting, he enlisted (24 October 1914) in Lord Dunsany's regiment, joining 5th battalion Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, part of the 10th (Irish) Division. This was against the urgings of Dunsany who opposed his enlistment and had offered him a stipend to support him if he stayed away from the war. Some have speculated that he went to war because his sweetheart Ellie Vaughey had found a new lover, John O'Neill, whom she later married, but Ledwidge himself wrote, and forcefully, that he could not stand aside while others sought to defend Ireland's freedom. == Poetry and war == Ledwidge seems to have fitted into Army life well, and rapidly achieved promotion to lance corporal. In 1915, he saw action at Suvla Bay in the Dardanelles, where he suffered severe rheumatism. Having survived huge losses sustained by his company in the Battle of Gallipoli, he became ill after a back injury on a tough mountain journey in Serbia (December 1915), a locale which inspired a number of poems. Ledwidge was dismayed by the news of the Easter Rising, and was court-martialled and demoted for overstaying his home leave and being drunk in uniform (May 1916). He gained and lost stripes over a period in Derry (he was a corporal when the introduction to his first book was written), and then, returned to the front, received back his lance corporal's stripe one last time in January 1917 when posted to the Western Front, joining 1st Battalion, Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, part of 29th Division. Ledwidge continued to write when feasible throughout the war years, though he lost much work, for example, in atrocious weather in Serbia. He sent much of his output to Lord Dunsany, himself moving on war assignments, as well as to readers among family, friends and literary contacts. On 31 July 1917, a group from Ledwidge's battalion of the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers were road-laying in preparation for an assault during the Third Battle of Ypres, near the village of Boezinge, northwest of Ieper (Ypres). While Ledwidge was drinking tea in a mud hole with his comrades, a shell exploded alongside, killing the poet and five others. A chaplain who knew him, Father Devas, arrived soon after, and recorded "Ledwidge killed, blown to bits." The poems Ledwidge wrote on active service revealed his pride at being a soldier, as he believed, in the service of Ireland. He wondered whether he would find a soldier's death. The dead were buried at Carrefour de Rose, and later re-interred in the nearby Artillery Wood Military Cemetery, Boezinge, (where the Welsh poet Hedd Wyn, killed on the same day, is also buried). A stone tablet commemorates him in the Island of Ireland Peace Park, Messines, Belgium. His work as "peasant poet" and "soldier poet", once a standard part of the Irish school curriculum, faded from view for many decades of the 20th century. Its intensity, coupled with a revived interest in his period, has restored it to life. == Publications and reception == Much of Ledwidge's work was published in newspapers and journals in Ireland and the UK. The only work published in book form during Ledwidge's lifetime was the original Songs of the Fields (1915), which was very well received. The critic Edward Marsh printed three of the poems in the Georgian Poetry series, and remained a correspondent for the remainder of Ledwidge's life. A second volume, Songs of Peace was in preparation when Ledwidge died; patron and friend Lord Dunsany wrote the introduction while both were in Derry in September 1916. Following the war, Dunsany arranged for more of Ledwidge's work to be published, first in a third and final new volume, Last Songs, and then later in an anthology in 1919; he commented on the work with words such as: "[I was] astonished by the brilliance of that eye and that had looked at the fields of Meath and seen there all the simple birds and flowers, with a vividness which made those pages like a magnifying glass, through which one looked at familiar things for the first time." Some of Ledwidge's poetry was put to music by the British Composer and songwriter Michael Head, most notably in the very well received song cycle published in 1920, "Over the rim of the moon". This includes the well-known song, "The Ships of Arcady". Later collections: Alice Curtayne: The complete poems of Francis Ledwidge (1974) who also wrote a comprehensive biography of the poet, including some previously unpublished work Liam O'Meara: The poems of Francis Ledwidge (1997), (ISBN 1 870 49147 5), including some previously unpublished work Ulick O’Connor (introduction by): The best of Francis Ledwidge, The Inchicore Ledwidge Society, Risposte Books (2004), ISBN 1-901596-10-9 Hubert Dunn: The Minstrel Boy, (2006) some more poems released in a commemorative volume Dermot Bolger: In 1992 long-time Ledwidge admirer, Dublin poet Dermot Bolger, published a Selected Poems of Francis Ledwidge. This was re-issued by New Island Books in 2007 under the title A Ledwidge Treasury, with an introduction by Seamus Heaney and an afterword by Dermot Bolger. In 2017 a new hardback edition of this selection of the best of Ledwidge's work, using the original title of Selected Poems was reissued by New Island Books to mark the centenary of Ledwidge's death. In 2007 Bolger's play about the life of Ledwidge, Walking the Road, (New Island Books, 2007) was staged in Dublin and in the Town Hall Theatre, Ieper, close where Ledwidge died. It was commissioned to mark the 90th anniversary of his death and later broadcast by RTE Radio. In 1998 Bolger and the poet's nephew, Joseph Ledwidge, were invited by the 'In Flanders Fields Museum' to unveil a monument on the spot where Ledwidge was killed. Miriam O'Gara Kilmurry, Eire's WWI War Poet: F.E. Ledwidge Publisher: Amazon (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform; Lrg edition February 23, 2016). ISBN 978-1523482979. In 2012, Miriam O'Gara-Kilmurry M.A., author of Eire's WWI War Poet: F. E. Ledwidge, was awarded a Masters in Literature from The Open University for a thesis on Francis Ledwidge titled, "A defence of Francis Ledwidge as a War Poet through an exploration of War Imagery, Nationalism and Canonical Revisions." While researching her thesis she observed that until 2011, Ledwidge had no 'WWI War Poet' presence online, and noted too that no searches containing the specific words 'Irish WWI War Poets' turned up any results. Ledwidge's poems written from front-lines received little if no attention as examples of unique nationalist 'hybrid' war poems. This had been the case for almost a century and other evidence and arguments in support of him being deserving of the title had no public profile at this time. On the 'Eve of All Ireland Poetry Day', 2 October 2013, Miriam was invited by the National Library of Ireland to deliver a lecture titled, "Francis Ledwidge: WWI Irish Nationalist War Poet". Here she invited the library, media and politicians to consider a dialogue on this and related subjects. The arrival of 2014 and Centenary WWI Commemorations saw some movement, with online sites finally beginning to reference Ledwidge as a War Poet. In 2016, her thesis remains a trailblazing defence of Ledwidge as a World War I War Poet through an exploration of War Imagery, Nationalism and Canonical Revisions. In 2016, the thesis was published as a book, Eire's WWI War Poet: F. E. Ledwidge. According to O'Gara-Kilmurry: Ledwidge qualifies as a 'war poet' on the grounds that he actually fought in theatres of war. Secondly, he wrote on war themes peculiar to soldiers fighting on front-lines, and finally, he belonged to a category of poets singled out by the celebrated literary sponsor of his day, Edward Howard Marsh, Private Secretary to Winston Churchill. Central to the literal argument is our theory that Francis Ledwidge meets criteria set out for War Poets and identified by Marsh's friend and fellow academic Robert H. Ross, who in 1965 published a study attempting to explore the Georgians (Robert H. Ross, Georgian Summer (London: Faber and Faber, 1965)). — Miriam O'Gara Kilmurry, Eire's WWI War Poet: F.E. Ledwidge ...My final thought as I leave you, is that there is nothing worse than indifference. Ignoring the War Poetry of F. E. is another way of declaring war on Ledwidge and should not be allowed to continue into the 21 Century. — Miriam O'Gara Kilmurry, Eire's WWI War Poet: F.E. Ledwidge == Politics == His politics are described by the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography as nationalist as well as left-wing. However far from simply being an Irish Nationalist, his poems "O’Connell Street" and "Lament for the Poets of 1916" clearly describe his sense of loss and an expression of holding the same "dreams" as the Easter Rising's Irish Republicans who fought and died for the Irish Republic in and around O'Connell Street in 1916. == Works == Songs of the Fields (1915) Full text at Internet Archive Songs of Peace (1917) Full text at Internet Archive Last Songs (1918) Full text at Internet Archive The complete poems of Francis Ledwidge; with introductions by Lord Dunsany (1919) Full text at Internet Archive == Quotes == Oh what a pleasant world 'twould be, How easy we'd step thro' it, If all the fools who meant no harm, Could manage not to do it! – From a personal letter. He shall not hear the bittern cry in the wild sky, where he is lain, Nor voices of the sweeter birds Above the wailing of the rain   Nor shall he know when the loud March blows Thro' slanting snows her fanfare shrill, Blowing to flame the golden cup Of many an upset daffodil.   But when the dark cow leaves the moor And pastures poor with greedy weeds Perhaps he'll hear her low at morn Lifting her horn in pleasant meads. – Lament for Thomas MacDonagh == Documentary film == Ledwidge was the subject of an RTÉ documentary entitled Behind the Closed Eye, first broadcast on 18 January 1973. It won awards for Best Story and Best Implementation Documentary at the Golden Prague International Television Festival.1

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Separation principle<EOT>1. “Access to potentially identifiable integrated data for statistical and research purposes, outside secure and trusted institutional environments should only occur where: legislation allows; it is necessary to achieve the approved purposes; and meets agreements with source data agencies.” (High Level Principle 6) ] . 1

Separation principle

In control theory, a separation principle, more formally known as a principle of separation of estimation and control, states that under some assumptions the problem of designing an optimal feedback controller for a stochastic system can be solved by designing an optimal observer for the state of the system, which feeds into an optimal deterministic controller for the system. Thus the problem can be broken into two separate parts, which facilitates the design. As an example of such a principle, it has been proved that if a stable observer and stable state feedback are designed for a linear time-invariant system, then the combined observer and feedback will be stable. The separation principle does not hold in general (for example for non-linear systems). Another example is the separation of the linear-quadratic-Gaussian control solution into the Kalman filter and optimal controller for a linear-quadratic regulator. A separation principle also exists for the control of quantum systems.

In control theory, a separation principle, more formally known as a principle of separation of estimation and control, states that under some assumptions the problem of designing an optimal feedback controller for a stochastic system can be solved by designing an optimal observer for the state of the system, which feeds into an optimal deterministic controller for the system. Thus the problem can be broken into two separate parts, which facilitates the design. As an example of such a principle, it has been proved that if a stable observer and stable state feedback are designed for a linear time-invariant system, then the combined observer and feedback will be stable. The separation principle does not hold in general (for example for non-linear systems). Another example is the separation of the linear-quadratic-Gaussian control solution into the Kalman filter and optimal controller for a linear-quadratic regulator. A separation principle also exists for the control of quantum systems. == Proof of separation principle for deterministic LTI systems == Consider a deterministic LTI system: where represents the input signal, represents the output signal, and represents the internal state of the system. We can design an observer of the form and state feedback Define the error e: Then Now we can write the closed-loop dynamics as Since this is triangular, the eigenvalues are just those of A − BK together with those of A − LC. Thus the stability of the observer and feedback are independent.1

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Skull Creek<EOT>1

Skull Creek

Skull Creek is a common name for a number of creeks and waterways in Australia. In each case, it is named so due to the killing of Aboriginal people in the area. Skull Creek, Victoria, in the Gippsland region was the site of killings of Kurnai in 1842 during the Gippsland massacres. Skull Creek, Northern Territory, near Barrow Creek, was the site of killings of Kaytetye in 1874, known as the Barrow Creek massacre. Skull Creek, Western Australia, near Laverton, was the site of the white killings of Aboriginal people in the 19th century. Don McLeod also tells a story of clashes over soak water at the time of the gold rushes in Western Australia: During the time of the Laverton rush, the Blackfellows tried to keep their meagre water supplies hidden from the knowledge of white prospectors since their horses and camels quickly exhausted the limited soaks. McLeod relates a story told to him by an old prospector by the name of Long, observing an Aboriginal man and woman: The man took the throwing stick he was carrying and worked it into the sand. He then broke off a hollow reed and, placing it in the hole he had thus developed, lay down on his stomach and appeared to suck up something through the reed. His companion repeated his movements before they quietly moved on... Without delay Long, with the aid of a shovel, proved the existence of a soak of sweet water, from which he replenished his supplies...Only a few days later in the same place, another prospector had the same Blackfellow bailed up, threatening to shoot him unless he revealed a source of water. This was certainly not an untypical bush encounter. However, [they were] interrupted by yet another prospector riding a camel. The Blackfellow took advantage of the confusion and threw a spear into the bush and escaped. On the diggings, a hue and cry was raised over this alleged murderous attack and a party was quickly organised to set out and teach the Blackfellows a lesson - for daring to protect their water. Mustering what guns they could, the punitive party went out to what later became known as Skull Creek, and shot every Blackfellow they could find. The bodies were buried in shallow graves. Skull Springs, Western Australia, near Nullagine, was the site of a massacre of Aboriginal people in the 19th century. Skull Hole, on the head of Mistake Creek, Bladensburg Station (near Winton) Central Queensland. In 1888 the visiting Norwegian scientist Carl Lumholtz recalled how, in about 1882-84, he "was shown" at Bladensburg "a large number of skulls of natives who had been shot by the black police" some years earlier.1

Skull Creek is a common name for a number of creeks and waterways in Australia. In each case, it is named so due to the killing of Aboriginal people in the area. Skull Creek, Victoria, in the Gippsland region was the site of killings of Kurnai in 1842 during the Gippsland massacres. Skull Creek, Northern Territory, near Barrow Creek, was the site of killings of Kaytetye in 1874, known as the Barrow Creek massacre. Skull Creek, Western Australia, near Laverton, was the site of the white killings of Aboriginal people in the 19th century. Don McLeod also tells a story of clashes over soak water at the time of the gold rushes in Western Australia: During the time of the Laverton rush, the Blackfellows tried to keep their meagre water supplies hidden from the knowledge of white prospectors since their horses and camels quickly exhausted the limited soaks. McLeod relates a story told to him by an old prospector by the name of Long, observing an Aboriginal man and woman: The man took the throwing stick he was carrying and worked it into the sand. He then broke off a hollow reed and, placing it in the hole he had thus developed, lay down on his stomach and appeared to suck up something through the reed. His companion repeated his movements before they quietly moved on... Without delay Long, with the aid of a shovel, proved the existence of a soak of sweet water, from which he replenished his supplies...Only a few days later in the same place, another prospector had the same Blackfellow bailed up, threatening to shoot him unless he revealed a source of water. This was certainly not an untypical bush encounter. However, [they were] interrupted by yet another prospector riding a camel. The Blackfellow took advantage of the confusion and threw a spear into the bush and escaped. On the diggings, a hue and cry was raised over this alleged murderous attack and a party was quickly organised to set out and teach the Blackfellows a lesson - for daring to protect their water. Mustering what guns they could, the punitive party went out to what later became known as Skull Creek, and shot every Blackfellow they could find. The bodies were buried in shallow graves. Skull Springs, Western Australia, near Nullagine, was the site of a massacre of Aboriginal people in the 19th century. Skull Hole, on the head of Mistake Creek, Bladensburg Station (near Winton) Central Queensland. In 1888 the visiting Norwegian scientist Carl Lumholtz recalled how, in about 1882-84, he "was shown" at Bladensburg "a large number of skulls of natives who had been shot by the black police" some years earlier.1

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Ramon S. Subejano<EOT>1

Ramon S. Subejano

Ramon Simpas Subejano (1905–1988), a Filipino American originally from the Philippines, was a decorated United States World War II veteran.

Ramon Simpas Subejano (1905–1988), a Filipino American originally from the Philippines, was a decorated United States World War II veteran. == Biography == Leaving the Philippines as a stowaway in 1927, he eventually became a merchant marine. Later purchasing a pool hall with casino winnings, he lost it during the Great Depression, then worked as a busboy until he was drafted in 1942. == World War II == Pvt. Ramon S. Subejano served with Company A, 358th Infantry Regiment, 90th Infantry Division and saw combat at Normandy Beach, Ardennes, Northern France, the Netherlands, and the Rhineland. He was a scout sniper and was wounded several times. During the course of the war he earned 17 medals, credited for killing more than 400 Germans in battle. During one battle he was the sole survivor of his unit. One of the medals was the Silver Star which cited him for "Gallantry in action on December 7, 1944 in the vicinity of Dillengen, Germany." The citation continued, "At the risk of his life, Pvt. Subejano made his way along through devastating 20 mm and machine gun fire and hand grenade explosions to the building. He then entered the strong point and going from room to room, killed five enemy, wounded six and forced the remaining 37 to surrender. At the end of the war he was flown to London for the victory parade, where he was presented to King George and Sir Winston Churchill. == Post-World War II == Pvt. Ramon S. Subejano was featured in the front page of The New York Times on May 31, 1952 during the city's observance of Memorial Day. His picture appeared in the "A Salute To War Dead From A Decorated Hero" wearing his full dress army uniform complete with medals and ribbons he earned in the European and Pacific theaters rendering a salute in front of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument (New York). According to The New York Times, he was an unscheduled addition to the Memorial Day program when he came as a spectator in uniform with his chest full of medals and ribbons, "hobbled up the monument steps using a cane and was introduced at the speaker's stand to the crowd" He would later meet Marilyn Monroe, Senator Kennedy, and President Kennedy. At one point his medals were stolen from his apartment; with the assistance of Senator Kennedy's office, the Department of Defense presented replacements of all his medals. In 1987, while living in the neighborhood of Brighton in the city of Boston, he was charged threatening to harm his apartment manager. Less than a year later he would die in a Veteran Affairs Hospital in New York City. Subejano is buried at Arlington National Cemetery. His story is in the Library of Congress, "One Man Army" (1978). == Family == Ramon was the oldest among the siblings, followed by Honorio Simpas Subejano. Then, Victorino Simpas Subejano lastly, Lucila Subejano Sabido.1

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Carolyn Griffey<EOT>1

Carolyn Griffey

Carolyn Griffey is an American female soul vocalist, and member of the soul funk group Shalamar. She is the daughter of Carrie Lucas and Solar Records boss Dick Griffey, who worked with Don Cornelius in the television program, Soul Train. Griffey grew up around The Whispers, Shalamar, Midnight Star, Dynasty, Michael Jackson, Marvin Gaye and James Brown, who all appeared on Soul Train or who were signed to Solar Records. In 1990 she was signed to Sony Records as part of the dance-pop duo called 'Absolute'. This group released one album, For All Seasons, in 1990. Their singles included "Cheap Shot" and "Gotta Lambada" and "This Moment In Time" both (from the movie soundtrack of Lambada.) She has been the lead female vocalist of Shalamar since 2001. She appeared on ITV’s Hit Me, Baby, One More Time in 2005, and has been touring the world with the Howard Hewett and Jeffrey Daniel. She also sings with the Andraé Crouch and his Gospel Choir, who are known for their work on Michael Jackson's "Man in the Mirror". Griffey currently resides between Tennessee, Las Vegas and Los Angeles. In October 2009, Griffey performed with Hewett and Daniel in Shalamar at London's O2 Arena. This prompted a return for a tour in the UK in April 2010. They have been an annual feature at London's O2 Arena every December since 2010. In 2014 Griffey appeared with Howard Hewett and Jeffrey Daniel for two Shalamar concerts at the Manchester Ritz and London O2.1

Carolyn Griffey is an American female soul vocalist, and member of the soul funk group Shalamar. She is the daughter of Carrie Lucas and Solar Records boss Dick Griffey, who worked with Don Cornelius in the television program, Soul Train. Griffey grew up around The Whispers, Shalamar, Midnight Star, Dynasty, Michael Jackson, Marvin Gaye and James Brown, who all appeared on Soul Train or who were signed to Solar Records. In 1990 she was signed to Sony Records as part of the dance-pop duo called 'Absolute'. This group released one album, For All Seasons, in 1990. Their singles included "Cheap Shot" and "Gotta Lambada" and "This Moment In Time" both (from the movie soundtrack of Lambada.) She has been the lead female vocalist of Shalamar since 2001. She appeared on ITV’s Hit Me, Baby, One More Time in 2005, and has been touring the world with the Howard Hewett and Jeffrey Daniel. She also sings with the Andraé Crouch and his Gospel Choir, who are known for their work on Michael Jackson's "Man in the Mirror". Griffey currently resides between Tennessee, Las Vegas and Los Angeles. In October 2009, Griffey performed with Hewett and Daniel in Shalamar at London's O2 Arena. This prompted a return for a tour in the UK in April 2010. They have been an annual feature at London's O2 Arena every December since 2010. In 2014 Griffey appeared with Howard Hewett and Jeffrey Daniel for two Shalamar concerts at the Manchester Ritz and London O2.1

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Liberty Township, Madison County, Missouri<EOT>1

Liberty Township, Madison County, Missouri

Liberty Township is an inactive township in Madison County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. Liberty Township was established in 1841.1

Liberty Township is an inactive township in Madison County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. Liberty Township was established in 1841.1

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1973–74 FIBA Women's European Champions Cup<EOT>1

1973–74 FIBA Women's European Champions Cup

The 1973–74 FIBA Women's European Champions Cup was the fourteenth edition of FIBA Europe's competition for women's basketball national champion clubs, running from November 1973 to April 1974. Daugava Riga defeated Clermont UC in a rematch of the past edition's final to win its eleventh title in a row.

The 1973–74 FIBA Women's European Champions Cup was the fourteenth edition of FIBA Europe's competition for women's basketball national champion clubs, running from November 1973 to April 1974. Daugava Riga defeated Clermont UC in a rematch of the past edition's final to win its eleventh title in a row. == Preliminary Round == == First Round == == Group Stage == == Group A == == Group B == == Semifinals == == Final == 1

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Madukkarai<EOT>Madukkarai is a City in Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu State, India. 505 KM from State capital Chennai towards East . Madukkarai City is bounded by by Kinathukadavu Taluk towards South , Coimbatore Taluk towards North , Thondamuthur Taluk towards west , Pollachi North Taluk towards South . Coimbatore City , Pollachi City , Chittur-Thathamangalam City , Palakkad City are the nearby Cities to Madukkarai. It is in the 361 m elevation(altitude) . It is Hot in summer. Madukkarai summer highest day temperature is in between 29 °C to 38°C . Average temperatures of January is 26 °C , February is 27 °C , March is 29 °C , April is 30 °C , May is 29 °C . Address : ettimadai , madukkarai , coimbatore , Tamil Nadu . PIN- 641105 , Post - Madukkarai Address : vellalur , madukkarai , coimbatore , Tamil Nadu . PIN- 641111 , Post - Vellalore Address : thirumalaiampalayam , madukkarai , coimbatore , Tamil Nadu . PIN- 641105 , Post - Madukkarai Address : malumichampatti , madukkarai , coimbatore , Tamil Nadu . PIN- 641021 , Post - Coimbatore Industrial Estate Address : madukkarai , madukkarai , coimbatore , Tamil Nadu . PIN- 641105 , Post - Madukkarai Address : othakkalmandabam , madukkarai , coimbatore , Tamil Nadu . PIN- 641032 , Post - Othakkalmandapam Address : vellalur , madukkarai , coimbatore , Tamil Nadu . PIN- 641111 , Post - Vellalore Address : othakkalmandabam , madukkarai , coimbatore , Tamil Nadu . PIN- 641032 , Post - Othakkalmandapam 1

Madukkarai

Madukkarai is a suburb of Coimbatore city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the gateway to Coimbatore city from Kerala State and is located around 12 km from the Kerala border. The Coimbatore International Airport is about 27 km from here. It is the administrative centre for Madukkarai taluk.

Madukkarai is a suburb of Coimbatore city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the gateway to Coimbatore city from Kerala State and is located around 12 km from the Kerala border. The Coimbatore International Airport is about 27 km from here. It is the administrative centre for Madukkarai taluk. == Etymology == The name "Madukkarai" originated from the colloquial use of the words "Mathil"(means Great Wall in Tamil) + "Karai"(means Shore in Tamil) as it is situated along the hill sides of the Western Ghats. == Geography == 'Madukkarai' is located at 10.9°N 76.97°E. It has an average elevation of 311 metres (1020 feet). == Demographics == As of 2001 India census, Madukkarai had a population of 25,733. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Madukkarai has an average literacy rate of 72%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 64%. In Madukkarai, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. == Industries == Madukkarai has one of the oldest cement plants in India, which belongs to ACC of the Holcim Group. This was built during the British days. == Transport == Madukkarai is on the main road connecting Coimbatore city to NH47, which bypasses the city. It includes the junction connecting towards the south-west which goes to Pallakad. Work on the 4-laning of the Madukkarai - Walayar stretch is in progress. There is also a railway station which serves as an important goods shedding point, transporting stones and other raw materials for cement manufacture, and also transporting the cement produced. There is a railway line into the factory. Passenger trains from and to Palghat stop at Madukkarai station. == Temples == == Dharmalingeshwarar Temple == Dharmalingeshwarar Temple whose main deity Shiva is located in the top of the hill in Madukkarai.1

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Ralph Merkle<EOT>1

Ralph Merkle

Ralph C. Merkle (born February 2, 1952) is a computer scientist. He is one of the inventors of public key cryptography, the inventor of cryptographic hashing, and more recently a researcher and speaker of cryonics.

Ralph C. Merkle (born February 2, 1952) is a computer scientist. He is one of the inventors of public key cryptography, the inventor of cryptographic hashing, and more recently a researcher and speaker of cryonics. == Contributions == Merkle devised a scheme for communication over an insecure channel: Merkle's puzzles as part of a class project while an undergraduate. The scheme is now recognized to be an early example of public key cryptography. He co-invented the Merkle–Hellman knapsack cryptosystem, invented cryptographic hashing (now called the Merkle–Damgård construction based on a pair of articles published 10 years later that established the security of the scheme), and invented Merkle trees. While at Xerox PARC, Merkle designed the Khufu and Khafre block ciphers, and the Snefru hash function. == Career == Merkle was the manager of compiler development at Elxsi from 1980. In 1988, he became a research scientist at Xerox PARC. In 1999 he became a nanotechnology theorist for Zyvex. In 2003 he became a Distinguished Professor at Georgia Tech, where he led the Georgia Tech Information Security Center. In 2006 he returned to the San Francisco Bay Area, where he has been a senior research fellow at IMM, a faculty member at Singularity University, and a board member of the Alcor Life Extension Foundation. He was awarded the IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal in 2010. == Personal life == Ralph Merkle is the grandnephew of baseball star Fred Merkle, the son of Theodore Charles Merkle, director of Project Pluto and the brother of Judith Merkle Riley, a historical writer. Merkle is married to Carol Shaw, the video game designer best known for her game, River Raid. Merkle is on the Board of Directors of the cryonics organization Alcor Life Extension Foundation. Merkle appears in the science fiction novel The Diamond Age, involving nanotechnology. == Awards == 1996 Paris Kanellakis Award 1996 ACM Award for the Invention of Public Key Cryptography. 1998 Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology for computational modeling of molecular tools for atomically-precise chemical reactions 1999 IEEE Koji Kobayashi Computers and Communications Award 2000 RSA award for the invention of public key cryptography. 2008 International Association for Cryptographic Research (IACR) fellow for the invention of public key cryptography. 2010 IEEE Hamming Medal for the invention of public key cryptography 2011 Computer History Museum Fellow "for his work, with Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman, on public key cryptography." 2011 National Inventors Hall of Fame, for the invention of public key cryptography 2012 National Cyber Security Hall of Fame inductee1

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Leo Laporte<EOT>He collaborated with S.H. Butcher in a prose translation [1879] of the Odyssey, and with E Myers and Walter Leaf in a prose version [1883] of the Iliad, both of them remarkable for accurate scholarship and excellence of style. As a Homeric scholar, of conservative views, he took a high rank. His Homer and the Epic appeared in 1893; a new prose translation of The Homeric Hymns in 1899, with essays literary and mythological, in which parallels to the Greek myths are given from the traditions of savage races; and his Homer and his Age in 1906 . . . . <doc-sep> "Ahem! a little, a little . . ." replies the wolf, pretending to cough. "Shut the door well, my little lamb. Put your basket on the table, and then take off your frock and come and lie down by me. You shall rest a little." <doc-sep> But clearly TWiT isn’t a success in any sense of the word. It’s been a complete personal failure, financial failure, cultural tolerance failure, and the company doesn’t have the ability to hire and retain talent ( . )( . ) 1

Leo Laporte

Leo Gordon Laporte (/ləˈpɔːrt/; born November 29, 1956) is an American technology broadcaster, author, entrepreneur, and head of TWiT.tv.

Leo Gordon Laporte (/ləˈpɔːrt/; born November 29, 1956) is an American technology broadcaster, author, entrepreneur, and head of TWiT.tv. == Background == Laporte, the son of a geologist, studied Chinese history at Yale University before dropping out in his junior year to pursue his career in radio broadcasting, where his early on-air names were Dave Allen and Dan Hayes. He began his association with computers with his first home PC, an Atari 400. == Television and radio == Laporte has worked on technology-related broadcasting projects, including Dvorak on Computers in January 1991 (co-hosted with technology writer John C. Dvorak), and Laporte on Computers on KGO Radio and KSFO in San Francisco. In 1997, Laporte was awarded a Northern California Emmy for his role as Dev Null, a motion capture character on the MSNBC show The Site. In 1998, Laporte created and co-hosted The Screen Savers, and the original version of Call for Help on the cable and satellite network ZDTV (later TechTV). Laporte was the host of the daily television show The Lab with Leo Laporte, recorded in Vancouver, Canada. The program had formerly been known as Call for Help when it was recorded in the U.S. and Toronto. The series aired on G4 Canada, on the HOW TO Channel in Australia, on several of Canada's Citytv affiliates, and on Google Video. On March 5, 2008, Laporte confirmed on net@nite that The Lab with Leo Laporte had been canceled by Rogers Communications. The HOW TO Channel refused to air the remaining episodes after it was announced the show had been canceled. He hosts a weekend technology-oriented talk radio program show titled Leo Laporte: The Tech Guy. The show, started on KFI AM 640 (Los Angeles), is now syndicated through Premiere Radio Networks. Laporte also appears on Friday mornings on KFI with Bill Handel, and previously on such shows as Showbiz Tonight, Live with Kelly, and World News Now. == Books == Laporte has written technology-oriented books including: 101 Computer Answers You Need to Know ISBN 1562763393, Leo Laporte's 2005 Gadget Guide ISBN 0789731746 Leo Laporte's Guide to TiVo ISBN 0789731959, Leo Laporte's Guide to Mac OS X Tiger ISBN 0789733935 Leo Laporte's PC Help Desk. He has published a yearly series of technology almanacs: Leo Laporte's Technology Almanac Poor Leo's Computer Almanac ISBN 0768654920. Leo Laporte's 2006 Technology Almanac ISBN 0789733978. Laporte announced in October 2006 that he would not renew his contract with Que Publishing, and had retired from publishing books. In 2008, Laporte did a voice narration of the public domain fable The True History of Little Golden-hood by Andrew Lang from Audible (Amazon), a sponsor. == Podcasting == Laporte owns and operates a podcast network, TWiT.tv with his wife Lisa Laporte. Its shows are available on iTunes and other podcast subscription services. Before the expansion to new facilities in 2011, Laporte said TWiT earned $1.5 million annually on a production cost of $350,000. In a 2012 Reddit posting, he commented that revenue was approaching $4 million. Laporte has a net worth of $5 million. The TWiT studios are located in Petaluma, California, where Laporte lives. On August 21, 2016, they moved into their current facilities at 1351-B Redwood Way. The TWiT studios have always been in Petaluma, but in three different locations. TWiT identified the first as the "TWiT Cottage," the second as the "TWiT Brick House," and the current location as the "TWiT Eastside Studios."1

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Mitchell Johnson (cricketer)<EOT>Chetaswar pujara is best batsman among with new cricketers . how come is not sold yet. so other players . i never heard name even. very surprise? From the uncapped Indian players point of view it was clear that bowlers especially pacers were in demand while the uncapped Indian batsman were not particularly openers therefore no bids for Vishnu Vinod,Virat Singh,Prithvi Shaw,Himanshu Rana and few others but omission of middle order batter like Harpreet Singh who is good on both frontfoot and backfoot was a surprise . Everyone in India talks about lack of seam bowling allrounders so again bit surprising that the likes of Shivam Dubey,Shubham Ranjane,Kanishk Seth,Atit Seth,Puneet Datey didn't attract bids. There were interestingly cricketers who are not currently part of any states team like Milind Tandon,Pratham Singh,Kulwant Khejroliya,Shelly Shaurya who attracted bids. The real stinker for me was Chrag Suri as if Jaidev Shah was not enough for GL. Chirag Suri is not even a regular with UAE, then i read somewhere his father is a construction magnate ...... Ish sodhi, tahir and young harpreet singh shud have been picked by teams, shows pathetic planning and poor wisdom at auction . Not at all balanced Strokes & Mills will do justice for their price , I doubt very much about it . When this bubble will burst it is matter of time 1

Mitchell Johnson (cricketer)

Mitchell Guy Johnson (born 2 November 1981) is an Australian cricketer. He is a left-arm fast bowler and left-handed batsman. He made his Test debut for Australia in November 2007 and was awarded the International Cricket Council's "Cricketer of the Year" award in 2009. After suffering a drop in form that led to his removal from the national side in early 2013, he was particularly successful in his 'comeback' to the Australian Test squad during the 2013–14 Ashes series in Australia, during which he dominated against England's batting. He then went on to cement his place in the Australian side in the following Test series Against South Africa and was rewarded with his second "Cricketer of the Year" and first "Test Player of the year" award in 2014. He played a key role in the semi-final and final matches of ICC World Cup 2015 which led to Australia winning the World Cup for the fifth time. Johnson retired from all forms of international cricket in November 2015, having represented Australia in a total of 256 matches. Johnson was the last active Australian player with a Test cap number in the 300s.

Mitchell Guy Johnson (born 2 November 1981) is an Australian cricketer. He is a left-arm fast bowler and left-handed batsman. He made his Test debut for Australia in November 2007 and was awarded the International Cricket Council's "Cricketer of the Year" award in 2009. After suffering a drop in form that led to his removal from the national side in early 2013, he was particularly successful in his 'comeback' to the Australian Test squad during the 2013–14 Ashes series in Australia, during which he dominated against England's batting. He then went on to cement his place in the Australian side in the following Test series Against South Africa and was rewarded with his second "Cricketer of the Year" and first "Test Player of the year" award in 2014. He played a key role in the semi-final and final matches of ICC World Cup 2015 which led to Australia winning the World Cup for the fifth time. Johnson retired from all forms of international cricket in November 2015, having represented Australia in a total of 256 matches. Johnson was the last active Australian player with a Test cap number in the 300s. == Early life == Johnson was born and raised in Townsville, Queensland. His first sporting love was tennis with his idol being Pete Sampras. At 14 he was offered the opportunity to move to Brisbane to further his tennis career but turned it down. It wasn't until the age of 17 that Johnson gave up on his childhood dream of being a professional tennis player and began focusing on cricket. == Cricket career == == Australian domestic competition == When Johnson attended a fast-bowling clinic in Brisbane at age 17, former Test fast-bowler Dennis Lillee identified him as a "once-in-nine-lives prospect". Lillee contacted former team mate Rod Marsh and arranged for Johnson to join the Australian Cricket Academy in Adelaide. Johnson subsequently played for the Australian Under-19 side that toured England in 1999, however recurrent back injuries hampered his prospects. He recovered to start his first-class career two years later, when he was selected to play state cricket for his native Queensland. Playing for Queensland against New Zealand, Johnson hit a six off the first ball he faced in first-class cricket. In September 2005, he was in the Australia A cricket team that toured Pakistan. He generally bowls the sling action and has the capability to bowl in excess of 150kph, his fastest being 156.7kph in Melbourne in the 2013-14 Ashes series. Johnson switched from the Queensland Bulls to the Western Warriors on 25 July 2008. == Tests == Johnson was chosen to be in the squad for the first Ashes Test beginning on 23 November 2006, but was 12th man in all of the games. On 10 November 2007, while making his Australian Test match debut against Sri Lanka at his home ground in Brisbane, Johnson took his first wicket, that of Thilan Samaraweera, caught by Adam Gilchrist. Johnson went on to take 4/96 in the match. On 19 January 2008, Johnson scored his first ever Test half-century, against India in Perth, having been both dropped and bowled off a no-ball, although Australia ended up losing the match. On the second day of the First Test against South Africa in Perth on 18 December 2008 Johnson took seven wickets for just 12 runs, including five wickets for two runs near the close, to reduce the tourists from 3/234 to 8/241. He ended with 8/61 the next day. Despite this performance, Australia went on to lose the test. Later in the series he made 64 batting with Michael Clarke. The 2009 tour to South Africa saw an important development in Johnson's armoury, the ability to consistently swing the ball into the right-hander, which he previously had struggled to achieve. During the First Test, on 27 February 2009, Johnson scored 96 not out, to help Australia post 466 all out. This included one over in which he scored 26 runs off the bowling of Paul Harris, hitting two fours and three sixes, the last of which carried out of the stadium and broke the record for the most runs in an over for Australia in a Test match. He also took eight wickets with the ball. In the Second Test, he unleashed a fiery spell of fast bowling that gained him two wickets in his first over, and three in his first spell, as well as sending both Jacques Kallis and Graeme Smith off, retired hurt. After this, notable cricket commentator Peter Roebuck described him as the best fast bowler in the world. In the Third Test, with Australia almost defeated, he struck maiden Test century 123 not out, reaching triple figures in only 66 balls. With tail-ender Bryce McGain for company, Johnson decided to take on the bowling and struck Dale Steyn for six to reach his century. Although Australia went on to lose the Test match by an innings, Johnson was named man of the series, with 16 wickets and over 250 runs in 3 matches. During the 2009 Ashes tour he was criticised for his poor bowling and his lack of control. Johnson's position as spearhead of the Australian seam-attack was called into question, with match figures of 3/200 in the second Test at Lords and his demotion to first-change bowler in Australia's tour game against Northamptonshire. In the match against Northamptonshire, he returned 7/67 from 18.1 overs as Australia won by 135 runs. Despite his poor form he was selected for the third Test. Johnson consequently re-discovered some form in the fourth test taking 5/69 in the second-innings. Johnson appeared to get back to his best towards the end of 2009, earning praise from captain Ricky Ponting during the summer series against both West Indies and Pakistan. He finished the year as the worlds top wicket taker (63), and also became the first Australian to take 30 wickets and score 300 runs in a calendar year. In the 2010–11 Ashes series Johnson took more wickets than any other Australian with 15 (36.93) even though he played only 4 Tests. In the First Test at the Gabba he was hit for 0/170 in the match and was so out of form that he was dropped. Returning for the Third Test at the WACA he hit 62, took 6/38 and 4/44 was instrumental in Australia's 267 run victory. However, his wayward bowling returned and Johnson became the subject of a chanting by the Barmy Army whenever he bowled; He bowls to the left, He bowls to the right, That Mitchell Johnson, His bowling is shite. In the Fifth Test at the Sydney Cricket Ground England fans sang this as he walked to the crease and he made a first ball duck as England won by an innings to retain the Ashes. In July 2012, he admitted the jibes he’d received from England fans during successive Ashes series defeats had dented his confidence. He has also, however, considered the choice to target him as a compliment. Ever since his overall poor Ashes series, Mitchell Johnson claimed a spot in the South African series. He did not fare well in that series either, without picking up a 4 or 5 wicket haul, leaking many runs, and not contributing heavily with the bat. He picked up a toe injury, escaping being dropped. He did find himself, later that year, in the 3rd Test at Perth against South Africa. He bowled exquisitely, picking up the prized wicket of Hashim Amla and finishing with a four wicket haul. He also gained a place, in the Test series against Sri Lanka. Although he didn't play in the 1st Test, he was the man of the match in the 2nd claiming match figures of 6–79 as well as playing a brilliant 92 not out. He also played in the 3rd Test as an all-rounder due to Shane Watson's injury. He had a poor first innings with the ball and bat. With figures of 1–118 and only making 13, despite a fierce spell to Lahiru Thirimanne which, unfortunately, didn't claim any wickets. He did bowl well in the second innings, claiming the prized wicket of Dilshan and Thirimanne. Before the 3rd Test against India in March 2013, Australia dropped Mitchell Johnson, along with James Pattinson, Shane Watson and Usman Khawaja following a breach of discipline. Michael Clarke, the captain, revealed that the extreme step had been taken as a result of repeated infractions which led to Watson flying back home and contemplating Test retirement. Former players reacted with astonishment at the harsh decision taken by the team management. After a year away from international cricket, including being dropped for the mid-season Ashes tour of England, Johnson returned to the Australia team sheet for the return Ashes series in Australia. In the first innings of the first Test, after Australia ended with 295 all out (Johnson himself contributing 64), England were put under pressure by Johnson's intimidatingly quick and thunderously aggressive bowling style. After claiming the wicket of Jonathan Trott just before lunch on the second day, he then dismissed Michael Carberry, Joe Root and Graeme Swann in successive overs, engineering a dramatic English collapse from 2/82 to 136 all out. He backed up his 4–61 in the first innings with 5–42 in the second to seal a crushing victory. In the next Test at Adelaide, Johnson produced arguably his best ever bowling performance, hurling down 150 km/h thunderbolts on a flat pitch. After Australia scored 9/570, England were steady at 4/116 at lunch on the third day before Johnson again tore through their lineup, this time taking five wickets in three overs and finishing with 7–40 as England made only 172, as Australia won the match by 218 runs. During this match Johnson entered the top ten Australian wicket takers in Test cricket. Johnson continued his exceptional form throughout the series, finding the consistency he had previously lacked, and taking 37 wickets in the five-match series, which Australia won 5–0. He was named Man of the Series, having been Man of the Match in 3 of the 5 matches (the 1st,2nd and 4th Tests). He also clocked his fastest ball at 156.8kph, which made him the 3rd fastest active bowler (as of January 2015), and amongst 10th fastest all time. In his latest series against South Africa, he troubled the batsmen with his bowling as he took 7 wickets in the first innings and 5 wickets in second innings to give Australia an emphatic win by 281 runs. During the first innings of the 2015 Ashes series, he picked up the worst bowling figures of his career, 0-111, where he was torn apart by England's batsmen. However, in the 2nd Test at Lords, Johnson recovered to take 6 wickets in the match and a run-out of Ben Stokes to help Australia to a 405 run win to level the series with England at 1-1. In the next test at Edgbaston, Johnson became the first Australian player since Shane Warne to claim at least 300 wickets and score at least 2000 runs. Johnson announced his retirement from all forms of international cricket on 17 November 2015, before play on the final day of the second Test of the Trans-Tasman Trophy series, a three-match series against New Zealand. While coming out to bat in his last innings later that day at his adopted home, the WACA Ground in Perth, Johnson received a guard of honour from the New Zealand players, who congratulated him for his prolific career. He scored 35 runs in his final innings and then took both wickets in New Zealand's second innings, with the match ending in a draw that was enough for Australia to retain the Trans Tasman Trophy. == One Day Cricket == In December 2005, Johnson was selected for the Australian One Day International team, making his debut against New Zealand in Christchurch, with chairman of selectors Trevor Hohns justifying his selection on the grounds of grooming players for the future. Johnson gave the first signs of his potential at international level against the strong Indian batting line-up in a One Day International in Malaysia, Johnson's 7th. He took 4/11 off just 4 overs, including the wickets of Sachin Tendulkar, Rahul Dravid and Yuvraj Singh. Johnson then played in the Australian 2006 ICC Champions Trophy team, and in the group A match against England he took 3/40, including Kevin Pietersen. On 26 January 2007, Johnson took 4 wickets in 8 balls during the seventh match of the CB Series against England, for which he earned Man of the Match honours. In October 2007 Johnson helped Australia seal the ODI series in India. He finished as the top wicket-taker with 14 wickets, which showed his abilities, even on the slow pitches of the sub-continent. In the fifth ODI at Vadodara he took 5/26, his first international five wicket haul. Australia came into the ICC Champions Trophy ranked second in ODIs; along with being the event's reigning champions. They opened their campaign against an undermanned West Indian outfit who were without prominent players because of an industrial dispute. After being put into bat, Australia fell to 7/172 after 40 overs, before finishing on 8/275 in 50 overs as the pitch flattened out. Johnson scored a career best 73 not out, as Australia scored 69 runs from their batting Powerplay (between overs 44 and 49). In an innings which produced "fierce, clean hitting", Johnson struck three sixes and eight fours in his quick-fire 47 ball innings. Although Johnson went wicketless in the West Indian innings, he secured the man of the match award as Australia won by 50 runs. == T20 Internationals == Johnson played in 30 T20 Internationals for Australia, making his debut against Zimbabwe in September 2010 and playing his final match against England in August 2013. His best batting performance was a 28 not out against Sri Lanka during the 2009 ICC World Twenty20 tournament played in England and his best bowling was 3-15, also recorded against Sri Lanka during the 2010 ICC World Twenty20 tournament in the West Indies. == Indian Premier League == In February 2014, Johnson was sold to Kings XI Punjab of Indian Premier League for AUD 1,160,000. In February 2017, he was bought by the Mumbai Indians team for the 2017 Indian Premier League for 2 crores. == Big Bash League == In August 2016, it was announced that Johnson had signed with the Perth Scorchers for the 2016–17 Big Bash League season. In the semi final against Melbourne Stars, Johnson produced the most economical bowling in BBL history with 3/3 from 4 overs, with his first run conceded on his 18th delivery. == Personal life == Johnson is married to former model and karate black belt Jessica Bratich-Johnson since May 2011. They have a daughter named Rubika Anne Johnson, born in 2012. He has a prominent Koi tattoo on his right arm. == International recognition == == Australia == 2006 ICC Champions Trophy 2007 Cricket World Cup 2009 ICC Champions Trophy 2015 Cricket World Cup 2009 ICC Cricketer of the Year 2014 Allan Border Medal 2014 ICC Test Player of the Year 2014 ICC Cricketer of the Year == Individual == McGilvray Medal 2008, 2009 Player of the Series vs. South Africa 2008–09 Johnson was named the 2009 ICC Cricketer of the Year award at the 2009 LG ICC Awards. Player of the Series vs. England 2013–2014 Allan Border Medal 2014 2014 ICC Cricketer of the Year 2014 ICC Test Cricketer of the Year == International centuries == == Test centuries == == Five-wicket hauls == == Test five-wicket hauls == == Test ten-wicket hauls == == One Day International five-wicket hauls == == Milestones == == Milestone Test wickets == == Milestone ODI wickets == == Career best performances == == International Awards == == Test Cricket == == Player of the Series Awards == == Man of the Match awards == == One-Day International Cricket == == Man of the match awards == == Twenty20 International Cricket == == Man of the match awards == == Achievements == The fourth highest wicket-taker in Test matches for Australia with 313 wickets, behind Shane Warne (708), Glenn McGrath (563) and Dennis Lillee (355), while going past Brett Lee's tally of 310 Test wickets in his final Test. The third highest wicket-taker among left-arm fast bowlers in Tests, behind Wasim Akram (414) & Chaminda Vaas (355). Has the best bowling figures for a left-arm fast bowler in a single Test innings – 8/61 vs South Africa at Cape Town in 2008. Had taken most wickets (37) in the 2013–14 Ashes series at an average of 13.97 – the most by a fast bowler in The Ashes since 1981. Has the most number of Test wickets against South Africa (64), since their return to international cricket in 1992. Took 80 wickets (in 39 innings) in the 4th innings of a Test match, which is fifth best for any bowler and second best among fast bowlers, only behind Glenn McGrath (103). The second Australian, after Shane Warne, to take 300+ wickets & score 2000+ runs in Test matches, and the 13th player overall to achieve this feat in Test cricket history. Has 590 international wickets (313 in Tests, 239 in ODIs & 38 in T20Is) to his name across all formats, in just 256 international matches (320 innings) at an average of 26.65, and is fourth in the list of most international wicket-takers for Australia, behind Shane Warne (1001), Glenn McGrath (949) and Brett Lee (718).1

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Walter Varney<EOT>Much-admired New Orleans Saints football team president and general manager. Credited with helping to bring about the return of the Chicago Cubs and New Orleans Saints. From Tobacco News, 6/10/93: There is no smoking anymore on the grounds of the New Orleans Saints’ mini camp. Signs went up on orders of owner Tom Benson, after . . . Jim Finks was diagnosed with lung cancer April 30. “There’s no smoking anywhere on the Saints property,” Coach Jim Mora said. “And I mean anywhere.” After her 1987 transplant, Ruff worked for the American Lung Association, warning about smoking. . . the anti-rejection drugs Ruff took led eventually to kidney failure. “Everybody on the Flintstones smoked and all of them ended up dying of smoking-related diseases. . . That little cute laugh that Betty and Wilma did with their mouths closed? They came up with that because when they normally laughed, because they were smokers, they coughed.” 1

Walter Varney

Walter Thomas Varney (December 26, 1888 in San Francisco, California – January 25, 1967 in Santa Barbara, California) was an American aviation pioneer who founded forerunners of two major U.S. airlines, United Airlines and Continental Airlines. Varney was also one of the most prominent airmail contractors of the early 20th century. Varney served as a pilot in the Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps during World War I. After the war Varney established an aviation school and air taxi service in northern California.

Walter Thomas Varney (December 26, 1888 in San Francisco, California – January 25, 1967 in Santa Barbara, California) was an American aviation pioneer who founded forerunners of two major U.S. airlines, United Airlines and Continental Airlines. Varney was also one of the most prominent airmail contractors of the early 20th century. Varney served as a pilot in the Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps during World War I. After the war Varney established an aviation school and air taxi service in northern California. == Aviation career == == Founder of Varney Flying Service and Varney Air Group, predecessor of United Airlines == In October 1925, Varney was awarded one of the first contracts under the recently passed Contract Air Mail Act after the determination was made the U.S. Army Air Corps was not suited for air mail flying. He based his operation, Varney Air Service, in Pasco, Washington, and flew routes between Pasco, and Elko, Nevada, stopping in Boise, Idaho each way. Varney's first airmail flight took off on April 6, 1926. Varney, following a five company merger, sold the much expanded Varney Air Group in 1930 to United Aircraft and Transport. The company's name was changed to United Air Lines in 1933. == Founder of Varney Speed Lines, predecessor of Continental Airlines == Continental Airlines was founded in 1934 by Walter Varney and his partner Louis Mueller as Varney Speed Lines. On July 15, 1934, Varney Speed Lines flew its first trip on a 530-mile route from Pueblo, Colorado to El Paso, Texas with stops in Las Vegas, New Mexico, and Santa Fe and Albuquerque New Mexico. Varney ceded control to Mueller in 1934, and in 1936 a controlling interest in the company was sold to Robert Six who renamed it Continental Airlines in 1937, moving its headquarters to Denver. == Participant in Lockheed Corporation Reorganization == In 1932, Varney contributed half of the $40,000 needed to purchase the Lockheed division of Detroit Aircraft Corporation out of bankruptcy. The company was reorganized in Burbank, California as the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation. Varney retired from that company in 1951. == Later years and death == In his later years, he suffered from chronic pulmonary emphysemia, chronic bronchitis, and valvular heart disease. He lived for a time with the family of his son-in-law, Mr. Richard Lambert. He died of bronchial pneumonia on Jan. 25, 1967 at Dani's Nursing Home in Santa Barbara, California. He was buried in Cypress Lawn Memorial Park in Colma, California in the Varney family plot1

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Christopher Muhr<EOT>1

Christopher Muhr

Christopher Muhr is a German entrepreneur best known for co-founding Citydeal, an online discount deal company purchased by Groupon in 2010. As of 2012, he serves as senior vice president for Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) for Groupon and is an active investor and advisor in ventures in North America and Europe.

Christopher Muhr is a German entrepreneur best known for co-founding Citydeal, an online discount deal company purchased by Groupon in 2010. As of 2012, he serves as senior vice president for Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) for Groupon and is an active investor and advisor in ventures in North America and Europe. == Personal life == Muhr was born in Bonn, North Rhine Westphalia. He graduated from the Cologne Business School graduating in Business Administration. After graduation Muhr spent two years of development work in microfinance in Namibia and Uganda. Muhr holds an MSc in Management from Handelshochschule Leipzig (HHL) and Instituto de Empresa (IE). After graduation Muhr pursued a short career in M&A at NIBC in Frankfurt prior to joining as an MD and co-founder at ecareer, a start-up incubated by Rocket Internet in Berlin. In December 2009, Muhr left ecareer and founded Citydeal. == Citydeal == Citydeal, also referred to as Groupon International, was a European-based deal company co-founded by Muhr in the United Kingdom and Groupon’s entry into Europe. It was a startup funded by the Samwer brothers, Rocket Internet, and Holtzbrinck Ventures. The company was acquired by Groupon in 2010, just five months after its launch. Although no confirmed figures were released of the deal, it was reported that the sale of Citydeal was between $100M USD and $300M USD. At the time of acquisition, Citydeal employed 600 people and had presence in 80 cities in 16 countries. == Groupon == Muhr joined Groupon in 2010 at the time of the acquisition of Citydeal. He served as the Managing Director of Groupon UK. In 2011, ahead of Groupon’s IPO, Muhr moved to the Chicago headquarters joining the executive management team around Andrew Mason and taking on the position as Senior Vice President Sales to spearhead growth in Groupon’s North American business. Muhr served as the company’s Senior Vice President of Sales until September 2012 before he took on Groupon’s International Business as SVP EMEA. Under Muhr, North American revenues grew 81% year-over-year. == Awards == In May 2011, Muhr was voted 35th in The Wired 100.1

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Fall in Love with RichGirl<EOT>1

Fall in Love with RichGirl

Fall in Love with RichGirl is the debut mixtape by R&B girl group RichGirl. The mixtape serves as the first official release by the group that pertains to anything concerning an album release. The mixtape was released on Valentines Day, February 14, 2011 by Richcraft and Jive for free download. Along with previously unreleased material, the mixtape includes remixes of songs by popular hip hop, R&B and pop music artists. Each member of the group also individually takes lead vocals covers of songs by Bruno Mars, Kanye West, Usher and Keri Hilson.

Fall in Love with RichGirl is the debut mixtape by R&B girl group RichGirl. The mixtape serves as the first official release by the group that pertains to anything concerning an album release. The mixtape was released on Valentines Day, February 14, 2011 by Richcraft and Jive for free download. Along with previously unreleased material, the mixtape includes remixes of songs by popular hip hop, R&B and pop music artists. Each member of the group also individually takes lead vocals covers of songs by Bruno Mars, Kanye West, Usher and Keri Hilson. == Release and promotion == The mixtape's name, Fall in Love with RichGirl, pays tribute to its release date Valentines Day, February 14, 2011. The mixtape was released as a "love letter to their loyal fans," allowing fans to download the mixtape for free. The mixtape contains eleven tracks which include industry remixes with the ladies of RichGirl putting a "pleasant spin" on each track. Notable remixes include Roscoe Dash's "No Hands", Bruno Mars’ "Grenade", Kanye West’s "All of the Lights", and Keri Hilson’s "Pretty Girl Rock". As promotion for the mixtape, RichGirl released their version of "Lay It Down" before its official release, originally performed by Lloyd. The girls each get a chance to individually showcase their vocals and talents on the mixtape by creating solo-cuts on sampled material. The mixtape was released with expectations to "hold fans over" until an official debut album is released. == Reception == The mixtape garnered positive reviews from critics, most of which appreciate the group itself and named the mixtape a pleasant surprise. During the premiere of the mixtape, Rap-Up stated that the girls "show off their pipes," warning that the mixtape will have one falling head over heals in love with the quartet. BET's Sound Off! included the mixtape on a list of the most anticipated mixtapes released on Valentines Day, Fall in Love with RichGirl coming in at number eleven. Stating that their talents are meant to be showcased, Dayalan Kulendran of Soulculture named "Decisions", "Lay It Down" and "RichGirl Rock" as highlights of the mixtape. Yk2daily gave the mixtape a negative review stating that the album should have consisted of newer RichGirl-material than remixes, which seem to dominate the track listing. == Track listing == Notes "No Hands" features uncredited vocals by Waka Flocka Flame, Wale & Roscoe Dash due to the song sample. "All of the Lights" features uncredited vocals by Kanye West & Rihanna due to the song sample. "Roc" was previously recorded by Beyoncé Knowles but never officially released. "Decisions" was previously recorded by Brandy and the songs writer Ne-Yo, but never officially released.1

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Springfield Township School District (New Jersey)<EOT>"); } //APPLY RESPONSIVE DIMENSIONS TO CONTENT IMAGES $("div.ui-widget.app .ui-widget-detail img") .not($("div.ui-widget.app.cs-rs-multimedia-rotator .ui-widget-detail img")) .not($("div.ui-widget.app.gallery.json .ui-widget-detail img")) .not($("div.ui-widget.app.headlines .ui-widget-detail img")) .each(function() { if ($(this).attr('width') !== undefined && $(this).attr('height') !== undefined || $(this).parent('p').attr('style') == 'text-align: center;' ) { // IMAGE HAS INLINE DIMENSIONS $(this).css({"width": $(this).attr("width") + "px", "max-width": "100%", "height": "auto", "max-height": $(this).attr("height") + "px"}); } }); //DOC add read full story button to each headline $(".ui-widget.app.headlines").each(function(){ $(".ui-article", this).each(function(){ var headlineURL = $("h1 a", this).attr("href"); $(this).append('Read More '); //$(".img", this).append('Click to view full story'); }); }); // APP SCROLLER if($(".hp").length) { $('.app-scroller-region').each(function(k, v){ if( $('.region', v).children().length <= 0 ){ $(v).hide(); 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} }); } }); } $('.app').each(function(k, v){ if( $('.view-calendar-link', v).length > 0 ){ $('.ui-widget-footer', v).append($('.view-calendar-link', v)); }else if( $('.more-link', v).length > 0 ){ $('.more-link-under', v).remove(); $('.ui-widget-footer', v).append($('.more-link', v)); } }); if( $('.sp').length > 0 ){ $('#sp-popular-links-trigger').click(function(e){ $(this).toggleClass('open-menu'); $('#gb-global-icons-cont').slideToggle(400); }); } if( $('.hp.row.two .column.one .region').children().length <= 0 && $('.hp.row.two .column.two .region').children().length <= 0 ){ $('.hp.row.two').hide(); } // ********** FOOTER ********** // //DOC get Schoolwires footer links var feedbackText = $("div#sw-footer-links li:eq(0) a").text(); var termsURL = $("div#sw-footer-links li:eq(2) a").attr("href"); var termsText = $("div#sw-footer-links li:eq(2) a").text(); var policyURL = $("div#sw-footer-links li:eq(1) a").attr("href"); var policyText = $("div#sw-footer-links li:eq(1) a").text(); var copyrightText = $("#sw-footer-outer #sw-footer-copyright").text(); var swbbLogo = $("#sw-footer-outer #sw-footer-logo img").attr("src"); var swbbLogoAlt = $("#sw-footer-outer #sw-footer-logo img").attr("alt"); $(".cs-sw-footer-logo").html($("#sw-footer-logo").html()); $("#cs-sw-footer-links").html("" + feedbackText + "" + termsText + "" + policyText + "" + copyrightText + ""); $("#gb-footer-column-three .footer-column-inner ul li").each(function() { var getThis = this; var thisText = $("a span",this).text(); if(thisText == "") { $(getThis).hide(); } }); } function searchText() { var defSearchText = "SEARCH..."; var searchBox = $('#gb-sidebar-nav .search-container input[type="text"]'); searchBox.attr("placeholder", ''); searchBox.val(defSearchText); searchBox.focus(function() { if($(this).val() == defSearchText) { $(this).val(""); } }); searchBox.blur(function() { if($(this).val() == "") { $(this).val(defSearchText); } }); } function calendarListView(){ //DOC auto click function for schoolwires calendar list view for small mobile devices if(!$("a.ui-btn-toggle.list").hasClass("active")){ $("a.ui-btn-toggle.list").click(); 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$('.custom-dropdown.openMenu .dropdown').attr('aria-hidden', 'true').slideUp(); $('.custom-dropdown.openMenu .dropdown-icon').removeClass('point-up').addClass('point-down'); $('.custom-dropdown.openMenu > button').removeClass('acc-open'); $('.custom-dropdown.openMenu li').removeClass('active-list-item'); dropdownKeyboardFunctionality($('.custom-dropdown.openMenu .dropdown'), true); $('.custom-dropdown.openMenu').removeClass("openMenu"); } /* customDropdowns ** Use: Sets up custom dropdown menus. ** Param: openIcon, closedIcon -- The classes that you want to mark the on/off state of the menu icons (dont pass the . or #) */ var dropdownTimeout = ""; //Will hold our timeout object that will ge t passed among the dropdown functions. function customDropdowns(openIcon, closedIcon){ $('#gb-custom-mystart .custom-dropdown').first().addClass('last-menu-item'); $('.custom-dropdown input, .custom-dropdown a, .custom-dropdown .custom-dropdown > button').attr('tabindex', -1); $('.custom-dropdown > button').on('keydown', function(e) { // Trigger the click event from the keyboard var code = e.which; // 13 = Return, 32 = Space if ((code === 13) || (code === 32)) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).click(); if( !$(this).parent().hasClass('openMenu') ){ //clear our keyboard hooks since the menu is closing. dropdownKeyboardFunctionality($('~ .dropdown', this), true); }else{ //add our keyboard hooks dropdownKeyboardFunctionality($('~ .dropdown', this)); } } }); //Custom Dropdown Functionality $('.custom-dropdown').click(function(e){ clearTimeout(dropdownTimeout); if( !$(this).hasClass("openMenu") ){ clearDropdowns(); $('.dropdown', this).attr('aria-hidden', 'false').slideDown(); $(this).addClass("openMenu"); $('.custom-dropdown.openMenu input, .custom-dropdown.openMenu a, .custom-dropdown.openMenu .custom-dropdown > button').attr('tabindex', 0); $('.custom-dropdown.openMenu .dropdown-icon').removeClass(closedIcon).addClass(openIcon); }else{ clearDropdowns(); } }) .hover(function(e){ //In clearTimeout(dropdownTimeout); },function(e){ //Out //canDropDownHide = true; dropdownTimeout = setTimeout(function(){ clearDropdowns(); 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Springfield Township School District (New Jersey)

The Springfield Township School District is a community public school district that serves students in kindergarten through sixth grade from Springfield Township in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2014-15 school year, the district and its one school had an enrollment of 240 students and 26.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 9.1:1. The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "FG", the fourth-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J. Public school students in seventh through twelfth grades attend the schools of the Northern Burlington County Regional School District, which also serves students from Chesterfield Township, Mansfield Township, North Hanover Township, along with children of United States Air Force personnel based at McGuire Air Force Base. The schools in the district (with 2014-15 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are Northern Burlington County Regional Middle School for grades 7 and 8 (758 students) and Northern Burlington County Regional High School for grades 9-12 (1,355 students). Both schools are in the Columbus section of Mansfield Township. Using a formula that reflects the population and the value of the assessed property in each of the constituent municipalities, taxpayers in Springfield Township pay 17.7% of the district's tax levy, with the district's 2013-14 budget including $35.6 million in spending.

The Springfield Township School District is a community public school district that serves students in kindergarten through sixth grade from Springfield Township in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2014-15 school year, the district and its one school had an enrollment of 240 students and 26.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 9.1:1. The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "FG", the fourth-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J. Public school students in seventh through twelfth grades attend the schools of the Northern Burlington County Regional School District, which also serves students from Chesterfield Township, Mansfield Township, North Hanover Township, along with children of United States Air Force personnel based at McGuire Air Force Base. The schools in the district (with 2014-15 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are Northern Burlington County Regional Middle School for grades 7 and 8 (758 students) and Northern Burlington County Regional High School for grades 9-12 (1,355 students). Both schools are in the Columbus section of Mansfield Township. Using a formula that reflects the population and the value of the assessed property in each of the constituent municipalities, taxpayers in Springfield Township pay 17.7% of the district's tax levy, with the district's 2013-14 budget including $35.6 million in spending. == School == Springfield Township School had an enrollment of 230 students as of the 2014-15 school year. == Administration == Core members of the district's administration are: Craig Vaughn, Superintendent Bruce Benedetti, Interim Business Administrator / Board Secretary1

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Acacia delibrata<EOT>1

Acacia delibrata

Acacia delibrata is a perennial tree native to Western Australia. It grows narrowly upward to a height of 2-8m. It flowers from March to August. It is not listed as being a threatened species. The seed pods produce "a saponin which is irritant to the mucous membranes."1

Acacia delibrata is a perennial tree native to Western Australia. It grows narrowly upward to a height of 2-8m. It flowers from March to August. It is not listed as being a threatened species. The seed pods produce "a saponin which is irritant to the mucous membranes."1

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Wetlands International<EOT>1

Wetlands International

Wetlands International is a not-for-profit organization based in the Netherlands. We have a network of offices around the world that share the same goals.These offices around the globe include Africa, China, Europe, Indonesia, Japan, Latin America and the Caribbean, Malaysia, Russia and South Asia. Our vision is a world where wetlands are treasured for their beauty, the life they support and the resources they provide. Our organization is independent,and not-for-profit, gaining full support from government,non-government organization (NGO) memberships and corporate donors to help achieve our goals. Wetlands International's work ranges from research and community-based field projects to advocacy and engagement with governments, corporate and international policy fora and conventions. Wetlands International works through partnerships and is supported by contributions from an extensive specialist expert network and tens of thousands of volunteers.

Wetlands International is a not-for-profit organization based in the Netherlands. We have a network of offices around the world that share the same goals.These offices around the globe include Africa, China, Europe, Indonesia, Japan, Latin America and the Caribbean, Malaysia, Russia and South Asia. Our vision is a world where wetlands are treasured for their beauty, the life they support and the resources they provide. Our organization is independent,and not-for-profit, gaining full support from government,non-government organization (NGO) memberships and corporate donors to help achieve our goals. Wetlands International's work ranges from research and community-based field projects to advocacy and engagement with governments, corporate and international policy fora and conventions. Wetlands International works through partnerships and is supported by contributions from an extensive specialist expert network and tens of thousands of volunteers. == History == Founded in 1937 as the International Wildfowl Inquiry the organisation was focused on the protection of waterbirds as part of the British section. Later, the name became International Waterfowl & Wetlands Research Bureau (IWRB). The scope became wider; besides waterbirds, the organisation was also working on the protection of wetland areas.(IWRB) is "alarmed by progressive loss of marshes, bogs, and other wetlands through drainage." International Wildlife Inquiry practices conservation of waterbirds and wetlands. The MAR project of 1964 began and has remained since 1995 where this work was continued by Wetlands International. Later, organization with similar objectives emerged in Asia and the Americas: the Asian Wetland Bureau (AWB) (initiated as INTERWADER in 1983) and Wetlands for the Americas (WA) (initiated in 1989). In 1991, the three organisations started to work closely together. In 1995, the working relation developed into the global organization Wetlands International. Wetlands International works in many thematic areas throughout the world, but is the leading scientific expert on peat lands and climate change, as well as wetlands and waterbird migration, based on extensive research as well as field projects. == Key areas of work == Currently, Wetlands International has four strong areas of work, which are: == Peatlands == From the Chinese marshes to the turberas of Argentina and peat swamp forests of Central Kalimantan, Wetlands International has become the global expert in peat land restoration and conservation. Wetlands International have been preserving these black acid areas known as peat lands because they're the most valuable areas on earth. Reducing tons of Carbon Dioxide and preventing major flooding. == Central Kalimantan's peatswamp forest == In the severely degraded peat lands of Central Kalimantan (Indonesia), drainage canals and logging have had disastrous impacts in an attempt to convert the unsuitable peat swamps into rice fields. By building 18 small dams and 150 blocks in small drainage canals where drainage of the area was stopped, preventing further oxidation of the peat soil. The construction of these areas took out 50,000 plus hectares(ha) of peat lands. Reducing Carbon Dioxide emissions of up to 2.5 million tons per year. Moreover, the area was reforested with native tree species and community fire brigades to prevent the island's huge problem of peat fires. == China’s Ruoergai marshes == Runoff from the glaciers in the Himalayas towards China’s lowland is regulated and stored in the Ruoergai marshes. The Wetlands International China office worked to declare this peat land as a Ramsar site, giving the Chinese government the obligation to protect the area. Furthermore, because of the work with the local Chinese authorities in measuring the impact of different management options, peat mining and drainage are now no longer allowed in Ruoergai and the neighboring counties. This also leads to improved water supply to the Yellow River and Yangtze River. == Turberas of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina == In Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, the Wetlands International Latin America office has built awareness on sustainable use of the peat lands from the local to the national level, which have contributed to their protection. == Adapting to climate change == Many types of wetlands contribute greatly to our resilience to the various impacts of climate change. Based on years of research, Wetlands International works in the field and at the policy level to maintain and improve this important function of wetlands in adapting to climate change.Since 1900's more than 64% of wetlands have been lost and degraded. Water being such a big demand along with other resources and climate change rising over the years,wetlands are becoming more and more under pressure. == Coastal wetlands == Coastal wetlands such as mangrove forests and coral reefs reduce the impact of storms. Mangroves can even cope with sea-level rise and provide protection from impacts of waves. Therefore, we work in Southeast Asia to build 'Green Coasts' by community reforestation of mangroves. == Himalayas == In the Himalaya Mountains the organisation works to restore wetlands to reduce the impacts of glacier melt and precipitation extremes on densely populated regions downstream India, China and Bangladesh. == Dry-land regions == In dry land regions such as sub-Saharan Africa, less rainfall and longer droughts increase the - already huge - importance of the Sahelian wetlands, and at the same time threaten over exploitation of these areas.Wetlands International works in Mali to improve the livelihoods and water provision of communities in the Inner Niger Delta in a changing climate. == Biodiversity and waterbirds == Wetlands International works globally to protect and restore the rich biodiversity of wetlands. Wetlands like marshes, lakes and coastal zones have on average the richest biodiversity of all ecosystems. Millions of waterbirds depend on them. Wetlands International is the key global organisation for waterbird monitoring and for promoting the protection of waterbirds and their key habitats. The organisation is also strongly involved in investigating and protecting specific ecosystems like peat lands and other species like fresh water fish. == Monitoring Waterbirds: International Waterbird Census == Wetlands International has a long history of success in engaging local people in species conservation. Thousands of volunteers help to monitor millions of waterbirds annually all over the world. We have several groups of scientists working voluntarily in our specialist groups to analyse all the information of the people monitoring waterbirds. Local populations across major bird flyways in all countries assist in waterbird monitoring. This is a major global program, with waterbird counts organised in different regions of the world. All of them come regularly with publications showing the current state of the waterbird populations. == Promoting the protecting of wetlands along the flyways of waterbirds == Wetlands International is promoting the establishment of ecological networks of well managed, protected wetlands, along the main flyway routes of migratory waterbirds. These wetlands provide stepping stones for migratory waterbirds; crucial for their survival. Our organisation supports international governmental agreements to create these networks.1

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Tenkai Knights<EOT>1

Tenkai Knights

Tenkai Knights (Japanese: テンカイナイト Hepburn: Tenkai Naito) is a 2013 Canadian-Japanese anime series, produced by Shogakukan-Shueisha Productions and Spin Master and animated by Bones and Shogakukan Music & Digital Entertainment. It officially aired in Cartoon Network in the United States on August 24, 2013, and in Canada on Teletoon on September 28, 2013. After a year, the series premiered in TV Tokyo and its Japanese affiliates on April 5, 2014. Tenkai Knights is released to promote Spin Master's line of Ionix brand of construction bricks.

Tenkai Knights (Japanese: テンカイナイト Hepburn: Tenkai Naito) is a 2013 Canadian-Japanese anime series, produced by Shogakukan-Shueisha Productions and Spin Master and animated by Bones and Shogakukan Music & Digital Entertainment. It officially aired in Cartoon Network in the United States on August 24, 2013, and in Canada on Teletoon on September 28, 2013. After a year, the series premiered in TV Tokyo and its Japanese affiliates on April 5, 2014. Tenkai Knights is released to promote Spin Master's line of Ionix brand of construction bricks. == Story == Eons ago, a cube–like peaceful planet named Quarton, populated by shape–shifting living bricks called Tenkai, was ravaged by a war between two opposite factions: the Corekai Soldiers, led by the valiant and fearless Commander Beagle ("Beag"); and the Corrupted Army, led by the ruthless Lord Vilius, who desired to obtain the source of Tenkai energy for his own purposes. However, the only ones who were strong enough to defeat him were the 4 Legendary Tenkai Knights of Quarton: Bravenwolf, Tributon, Valorn and Lydendor. Facing defeat, Vilius unleashed the mighty Tenkai Dragon, who was later defeated by the 4 Knights, its fragments scattered across the planet. These heroes were never seen again, but now, a year later, Lord Vilius and the infamous Corrupted Army have returned, more powerful than ever before. Now, on planet Earth, in the year 2034, within Benham City, four young teenage boys Guren, Ceylan, Toxsa, and Chooki find an interdimensional portal to Quarton where they are chosen by Boreas of the Guardians to become the new generation of Tenkai Knights and prevent Lord Vilius and his Corrupted Army empire from taking control of both worlds. == Characters == == Media == == Anime == The series is first aired in the United States on the Cable TV station Cartoon Network on August 24, 2013, at 7:30 am, and in Canada on Teletoon on September 28, 2013. The English dub is produced by Studiopolis and was distributed on DVD by Phase 4 Films, in which the first DVD release combined the first several episodes and cut them together into a movie. Currently, only the English version of Tenkai Knights is available in the United States. In Japan, the series was delayed until April, where it would be aired on the TV Tokyo Network, with the start of its broadcast on April 5, 2014, running at 9:00 am. It would then replace Shogakukan's Oha Coliseum block and Robocar Poli that currently air in the half-hour slot. Several of the affiliates would have the show delayed and begin broadcast on April 12, 2014, airing at 7:00 am. BS-Japan would further delay its broadcast until April 15, 2014, and begin broadcasting at 5:30 pm. == Toys == The Tenkai Knights toy line is produced by Spin Master under the Ionix brand of construction bricks, along with a new Pokémon line. Spin Master refers to Ionix as the next generation of construction, with "Bricks that shapeshift." Their line of products include bricks that look very similar to traditional construction bricks, but actually shapeshift and unfold into unique mini-figures. Spin Master distributes the toys in the United States and Canada while Happinet handles the distribution rights of the toys in Japan. == DVD release == The DVD release of the series in the United States, titled "Tenkai Knights: Rise of the Knights" is released on February 4, 2014 (US & CAN). In Japan, Happinet and Victor Entertainment released official DVD Box sets of the series, with the first released on August 2, 2014. == Music == Four pieces of theme music are used for the episodes: one opening theme and three closing themes. The opening theme is "Get the Glory" by Ayako Nakanomori. The first ending theme is "Shunkan Diamond" (瞬間Diamond Shunkan Diamond, lit. "Diamond Moment") by Rurika Yokoyama, while the second ending is "Shōri no Hanataba o -gonna gonna be hot!-" (勝利の花束を-gonna gonna be hot!- lit. "Victory Bouquet -gonna gonna be hot!-") by Cyntia. The third ending, "Densetsu no FLARE" (伝説のFLARE - lit. "Legendary Flare"), is sung by Pile. The series' soundtrack is composed by MONACA of Star Driver fame. == Video game == On January 30, 2014, Namco Bandai Games has announced a video game entitled as Tenkai Knights: Brave Battle (テンカイナイト ブレイブバトル Tenkai Naito Bureibu Batoru) for Nintendo 3DS, released in Japan on September 25, 2014, and in North America on October 7, 2014.1

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Rachel Margolis<EOT>Ken received an MS in Counseling from Bank Street with a focus on executive coaching and building effective high performing teams . He is certified in Lominger’s Leadership Architect ® Competency process. Ken has been an adjunct faculty member at Pace University, Fordham University’s Human Resource Graduate Program and Iona College. 1

Rachel Margolis

Rachel Margolis (28 October 1921 – 6 July 2015) was a Holocaust survivor, biologist and Holocaust historian.

Rachel Margolis (28 October 1921 – 6 July 2015) was a Holocaust survivor, biologist and Holocaust historian. == Background == Margolis was born in Vilnius, Lithuania in 1921. In 1941, when the Nazis occupied Lithuania, Margolis was sent to live with a Christian family. Of Jewish birth, she instead decided to voluntarily enter the Jewish Vilna ghetto in September 1942. She entered the resistance movement there and became active in the underground. She joined the Fareynikte Partizaner Organizatsye (the United Partisan Organisation), formed that same year by poet Abba Kovner. Margolis wrote Everyone was anxious to fight... Our mission was to acquire weapons, complete militarily preparations, all with the aim of provoking an uprising in the ghetto. If we perished it would be with honour, having proved to humanity that we are not sheep going meekly to the slaughter. In June 1943 Heinrich Himmler commanded the extermination of the ghetto. 4000 Jewish residents were sent to death camps and killed; 4000 more were sent to labour camps. Margolis and her future husband were one of the few hundreds that survived the ghetto, by escaping to the surrounding forests. They contracted typhus but lived to continue their work with the resistance movement, joining a new unit and blowing up German infrastructure. Margolis was the only member of her family to survive the Holocaust . == Post war == After the war, Margolis gained a Ph.D. in biology and was a teacher until the end of the 1980s. She helped establish Lithuania's only Holocaust museum, the Green House in Vilnius. Her work in the resistance has been honoured by US congress and the British House of Lords. Margolis's 2010 memoir A Partisan of Vilna recounts the author's escape from the Vilna Ghetto with the FPO (United Partisan Organization) resistance movement and the time spent in the forests of Lithuania with the partisans, active on sabotaging missions. Margolis found and published the long-lost diary of Kazimierz Sakowicz, a Polish Christian journalist who witnessed the Ponary massacre outside Vilnius, where tens of thousands of Jews were murdered. Margolis reconstructed Sakowicz's diary from fragments of paper found in lemonade bottles, text written on a 1941 calendar and other papers held in archives that were not accessible under Soviet rule. Since 2008 Holocaust denial groups within Lithuania targeted Margolis and police have sought her arrest for war crimes against Lithuanian citizens in her role with the anti-Nazi resistance. Lithuanian newspapers have referred to her as a terrorist and a murderer. Margolis has also lived in Rechovot, Israel.1

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Roxas Airport<EOT>Roxas airport serves Roxas City, capitol of Capiz province, on Panay Island. Roxas is most internationally famous for its closeness to the town of Panay where the largest bell in Asia hangs in Panay Church. Roxas is nationally famous for being the capitol for the indigenous aswang (aswang - pronounced ass-wang) - a female species of (some say) Philippine mythology that appears human by day but at night can separate the top half of her body and fly from house to house, sucking the life from unwary children and especially the unborn; protection against aswang is afforded by garlic, a large thorn (or other sharp object) and a selection of suitably blessed amulets, worn or placed at points of entry to a room. Perhaps it was an act of faith and to protect themselves from the ravages of the aswang that the citizens of Panay town donated the coinage required to construct the largest bell in Asia . . . the aswang however remained. There are no nighttime flights, by any scheduled airline, into Roxas airport. Fly to Roxas airport for the largest bell in Asia and to imbibe some Philippine mythology. 1

Roxas Airport

Roxas Airport (Hiligaynon: Hulugpaan sang Roxas, Tagalog: Paliparan ng Roxas) (IATA: RXS, ICAO: RPVR) is an airport serving the general area of Roxas City, the capital of the province of Capiz, in the Philippines. The airport is classified as a Class 1 principal airport, by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines, a body of the Department of Transportation that is responsible for the operations of not only this airport but also of all other airports in the Philippines except the major international airports.

Roxas Airport (Hiligaynon: Hulugpaan sang Roxas, Tagalog: Paliparan ng Roxas) (IATA: RXS, ICAO: RPVR) is an airport serving the general area of Roxas City, the capital of the province of Capiz, in the Philippines. The airport is classified as a Class 1 principal airport, by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines, a body of the Department of Transportation that is responsible for the operations of not only this airport but also of all other airports in the Philippines except the major international airports. == Airlines and destinations == 1

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The War You Don't See<EOT>REFERENCES Mr Snow’s “One last question…” is pure Columbo. A shot of him and his entourage around a table recalls Da Vinci’s “The Last Supper” (see below). Annie calls Alex “Skywalker”. Mr Snow quotes Macbeth (“By the pricking of my thumbs…”). Hal quotes Matthew 4:9 ("All this I will give you if you will bow down and worship me”). The underground base with its rows of boxes recalls the end of Raiders Of The Lost Ark . IT’S WOSSISNAME! Michael Wildman (Milo the werewolf) played the centaur Magorian in Harry Potter And The Order Of The Phoenix . You might also remember him from the episode of Extras where Maggie gets in a panic about her golliwog . Read more of our Being Human series four reviews . Read our How To Make A Werewolf feature . Read our interview with Damien Molony . 1

The War You Don't See

The War You Don't See is a 2010 British documentary film written, produced and directed by John Pilger with Alan Lowery, which challenges the media for the role they played in the Iraq, Afghanistan, and Israel/Palestine conflicts. The film, which went on nationwide general release on 13 December 2010, had its premiere at the Barbican and was aired through Britain's ITV1 on 14 December 2010 and later through Australia's SBS One on 10 April 2011.

The War You Don't See is a 2010 British documentary film written, produced and directed by John Pilger with Alan Lowery, which challenges the media for the role they played in the Iraq, Afghanistan, and Israel/Palestine conflicts. The film, which went on nationwide general release on 13 December 2010, had its premiere at the Barbican and was aired through Britain's ITV1 on 14 December 2010 and later through Australia's SBS One on 10 April 2011. == Participants == Professor Stuart Ewen – media historian Professor Melvin Goodman – former CIA analyst Dan Rather – CBS Evening News anchor and managing editor, 1981–2005 Bryan Whitman – US Assist. Secretary of Defence Rageh Omaar – BBC world affairs reporter, 2000–2006 Dahr Jamail – journalist & author, Beyond the Green Zone David Rose – former Observer journalist Steve Rendall – Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting Fran Unsworth – BBC Head of Newsgathering David Manion – Editor in Chief, ITV News Mark Curtis – historian & author, Web of Deceit Phil Shiner – Public Interest Lawyers Guy Smallman – war reporter & photographer Carne Ross – British Foreign Office, 1989–2004 Professor Greg Philo – Glasgow University Media Group Cynthia McKinney – former US Congresswoman Julian Assange – Editor in Chief, WikiLeaks == Reception == The Guardian film reviewer Peter Bradshaw states that, "The force of his film is in its contention that the colossal scale of civilian casualties is, within the grammar of news, downgraded in importance so that it doesn't figure as news at all, but as all-but-invisible deep background to be ignored". "Pilger gives due respect to WikiLeaks," he concludes, "although his praise for al-Jazeera's independence is ironic, given that WikiLeaks has just revealed the possibility that the Qatar government is manipulating the channel." The Guardian television reviewer John Crace states that, "Pilger has never traded in anything other than black and white," and "Pilger's starting point is that all governments are shysters whose only interest is economic and all journalists are witless dupes," which, "had the feel of slight overkill," but "For all his lack of subtlety, he presents his case with passion and conviction." "What shone through," he concludes, "was that those we rely on to think clearly in times of war are often those most seduced by myopic machismo and that any sense of history gets instantly forgotten." John Lloyd wrote in the Financial Times that Pilger asserted the UK and US tried to advocate that "wars were noble, should be fought, and that death for one’s country was both sweet, and right". Lloyd thought that individuals disagreeing with Pilger's interpretation were "ruthlessly marshalled into a narrative that gave them no quarter" and that by juxtaposing "two strongly put points of view" those watching "could have made up" their own minds. According to Lloyd, Pilger "showed, in his demolition of propaganda – which is what he calls government statements or politicians’ arguments – the mastery of the propagandist arts". Total Film reviewer Tom Dawson describes the film as a, "timely, potent doc," with, "an impressive range of interviewees, including 'embedded' war correspondents and whistleblowers," but concludes that, "it's the leaked footage of a US chopper attack on unarmed Baghdad residents that proves the film’s most disturbing scoop."1

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Maidstone Museum & Art Gallery<EOT>1

Maidstone Museum & Art Gallery

Maidstone Museum & Bentlif Art Gallery a local authority-run museum located in Maidstone, Kent, England, featuring internationally important collections including fine art, natural history, and human history.

Maidstone Museum & Bentlif Art Gallery a local authority-run museum located in Maidstone, Kent, England, featuring internationally important collections including fine art, natural history, and human history. == Overview == In 1855 Thomas Charles, a local doctor and antiquarian, left his collections of art and antiquities to Maidstone Borough Council, requesting that his executors, “make such arrangements as they should think fit for the permanent preservation thereof in the town of Maidstone, and the same to be called the Charles Museum.” The Council subsequently acquired Charles’ house, Chillington Manor, from his executors and, in 1858, opened it as the Charles Museum, later renamed Maidstone Museum. The Museum was one of the first to be opened as a result of the Museums Act (1845) and was a founder member of the Museums Association (1909). Maidstone Museum celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2008. This museum contains over 600,000 artefacts and specimens. Its collections, housed in the centre of Kent’s county town, are among the most comprehensive in the South East. The Museum is one of three operated by Maidstone Borough Council - alongside the Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regimental Museum and the Tyrwhitt-Drake Museum of Carriages - and is open six days a week. Admission is free. == Building == The Museum's central core consists of an Elizabethan manor house, formerly known as Chillington Manor, completed in 1577 with earlier Tudor buildings to its rear. In the early 18th century a substantial wing was added to the west of the Tudor house. Upon the death of Thomas Charles an in accordance with his estate, Maidstone Borough Council purchased the building in 1856 for the sum of £1,200, investing a further £300 for repairs. On January 20, 1858, the Museum opened as one of the UK's first local authority-run museums, appointing Edward Petty - a friend of the late Thomas Charles - as the museum's first curator in September. After its opening as a museum, the building was further extended to house the growing collections. A new east wing was added in 1869, matched by new wing to the west in 1873 made possible by donations from Julius Brenchley. The eastern elevation was extended in 1889 to accommodate the Bentlif Art Gallery funded by Samuel Bentlif to house the art collection amassed by his brother, George. On the western side, the Victoria Gallery, housing the town’s library, was built between 1897 and 1899 to commemorate Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. It operated as a free public lending library until 1936. In 1924, the Bentlif Wing was extended and, in 1973, a new collection store was added to the east wing. Maidstone Museum & Bentlif Art Gallery is Grade II* listed. The range of historic buildings (and 11 different floor levels) makes access to some parts of the Museum difficult. Significant improvements have been made recently to ensure that the Museum meets the requirements of the Disability Discrimination Act, but some work must still be done to provide full access. Public toilets, disabled bathrooms, and baby-changing facilities are all available, and access to the first floor temporary exhibition area, art gallery, Japanese collection, and meeting room is provided by a lift. == Regimental Museum == The Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment Museum, an independent charitable trust, has been housed in the Museum since 1964 and forms one of Maidstone Museum’s fifteen public galleries. Its collection of regimental memorabilia features over 3,000 medals, including four Victoria Crosses. == Collections == The Museum is recognised as having the largest mixed collections in the county and one of the most important in the south-east of England, outside London. Whilst its origins are typical of a regional museum created through Victorian munificence, the work of collectors, staff and benefactors over almost 150 years has created a comprehensive collection of worldwide significance. The collections consist of over 600,000 artefacts and specimens. Three collections are of national importance: Anglo-Saxon - the best collection of artefacts from the richest Anglo-Saxon region of Britain. Japanese – one of the largest and most important collections outside London. The Brenchley Collection – a large and diverse collection of worldwide ethnography, natural history and fine and decorative art collected by a mid-Victorian explorer: Julius Brenchley. On 9 October 2008 the museum's acquisition and disposal policy was issued. Much of the following information on the collections is based on this document. == Human History == The Human History collections contain approximately 125,000 artefacts. The British archaeology collection covers Kent and beyond; the internationally recognized Anglo-Saxon collection comprises approximately 4,000 Kentish artefacts. Foreign archaeology includes pieces such as the Gandhara heads and over 400 Egyptian artefacts. A new acquisition in 2009 was the kernos from Melos in Greece; it is early Cycladic III period and 4000 years old. There are only eight of these in the world, and this one was possibly used to hold various offerings, such as honey and oats. The local history collections are varied and relate to all areas of local life. There are collections of arms and armour, clocks and watches and a collection of over 18,000 coins and medals. The collection of photographs and maps is of local importance and is complemented by over 10,000 items of printed ephemera relating to the history of Kent. There are internationally important collections of artefacts of Pacific, Oceanic and African ethnography as well as diverse material from Asia and North and South America. Napoleon's chair has been held in the museum since 1866. It was one of a pair in the house of Reverend Richard Boys on St Helena, and after Napoleon was exiled there in 1815 he habitually sat in this chair, conversed with Boys and damaged the chair with his penknife while talking. == The arts == The Fine and Applied Art collections comprise approximately 25,000 items. They include 17th to 19th century furniture, musical instruments, toys and games, ceramics, glass, costumes and needlework, paintings, prints and drawings and sculpture. One exhibit beloved of the local people is the Lady Godiva statue by John Thomas (1813–1862). There is a YouTube video of the statue here. The ceramics holdings form the most significant collection in the region with around 700 English pieces as well as around 250 European pieces. The collection of Chinese ceramics, mostly of 17th to 19th century date, is comprehensive. Approximately 8,000 specimens of costume date from the 17th to 21st century. Complementing needlework collections comprise around 700 specimens, including English embroidery and samplers, European embroideries and Eastern textiles. The Japanese collections of fine and decorative art material are important and amongst the most studied in the country. They include ceramics, sword fittings, netsuke, lacquer and books as well a series of over 750 Edo-period (1600–1868) woodblock prints. 580 oil paintings include minor continental Old Masters and 19th to 20th century British works. Watercolours include over 200 works by Albert Goodwin, the largest public collection of his work and local artist James Jefferys. There are over 1,000 Kentish topographical drawings, 40 Old Master drawings and over 3,500 prints. The small sculpture collection includes work by Jacob Epstein and Henry Moore. The museum also holds a few manuscripts including volume 2 of the Lambeth Bible. == Natural history == A collection of around 450,000 specimens in the natural history section includes specimens of national and international significance. The collections of palaeontology and vascular plants are of national importance, with type, cited and figured specimens; the plants including voucher specimens for Kent and the nationally important Hawkweed (West) Collection. The main strengths of the palaeontology are the marine Cretaceous and Tertiary of Kent, especially Chalk, Lower Greensand and Lenham Beds; but also Gault and London Clay. There is an extensive collection of Pleistocene vertebrate material and fossils from the Kent Coalfield. Rocks (46,000) and minerals (7,000) are represented on a worldwide scale. The museum contains one of the most comprehensive mineral collections in the country outside the national museums. The bird collections include 1,800 mounted British specimens, 400 foreign birds and over 1,100 cabinet skins. There are also 300 birds’ nests and a collection of bird’s eggs covering most species on the British list. The Herbarium contains approximately 30,000 specimens representative of the flora of the British Isles. There is also a British collection of some 6,000 specimens of critical genera including Rubus, Taraxacum and Hieracium. The Herbarium collection is the basis of Philp’s Atlas of the Kent Flora. There is an entomology collection of around 250,000 specimens forming a comprehensive collection of British insects; and an important collection of several thousand shells, mainly of tropical marine origin, but including temperate marine and freshwater, and tropical terrestrial species. == Site development == In September 2007 the Museum was awarded a grant of £2 million from the Heritage Lottery Fund to extend the art gallery wing. Following an architectural design competition managed by RIBA Competitions Hugh Broughton Architects design was chosen. The new wing opened in the summer of 2010 and will include new galleries, better visitors' facilities, improved storage for the collections and the Maidstone Visitor Information Centre. The Maidstone Museum website showreel suggests that the Lady Godiva statue by John Thomas (1813–1862), beloved by generations of local people, may be at last displayed to advantage, in the new Learning department.1

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Sir John Wittewronge, 3rd Baronet<EOT>1

Sir John Wittewronge, 3rd Baronet

Sir John Wittewronge, 3rd Baronet (baptized 11 July 1673 – 1722), of Stantonbury, Buckinghamshire, was an English politician.

Sir John Wittewronge, 3rd Baronet (baptized 11 July 1673 – 1722), of Stantonbury, Buckinghamshire, was an English politician. == Family == Wittewrong was the third, but oldest surviving, son of Sir John Wittewronge, 2nd Baronet. His mother was Wittewronge's second wife, Martha Seabrook of Mark Lane, London. Wittewronge married Mary née White. == Career == He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Aylesbury 1705 to 1710 and for Chipping Wycombe 1713 to 26 January 1722. Family and Education1

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Fergus and Judith Wilson<EOT>Revenge Evictions –time to act? 'Revenge eviction' is a new concept to me . It&rs... 1

Fergus and Judith Wilson

Fergus Wilson and his wife Judith are a British couple who, until December 2015, were among the UK's largest buy-to-let investors. As of 2013, they owned nearly 1,000 two- and three-bedroom properties around Ashford and Maidstone in Kent. They were listed at #453 on The Sunday Times "rich list", with a fortune of £180 million. However, that fortune related to the value of their properties at the peak and did not take account of any mortgage debt. The exact number of properties they owned is uncertain, but in 2007 a Daily Mail article stated that they owned 707 properties. Mr Wilson was keen to suggest that they owned 1,000, however. In December 2015, they claimed to have sold their entire portfolio to a consortium of overseas investors for around £250 million.

Fergus Wilson and his wife Judith are a British couple who, until December 2015, were among the UK's largest buy-to-let investors. As of 2013, they owned nearly 1,000 two- and three-bedroom properties around Ashford and Maidstone in Kent. They were listed at #453 on The Sunday Times "rich list", with a fortune of £180 million. However, that fortune related to the value of their properties at the peak and did not take account of any mortgage debt. The exact number of properties they owned is uncertain, but in 2007 a Daily Mail article stated that they owned 707 properties. Mr Wilson was keen to suggest that they owned 1,000, however. In December 2015, they claimed to have sold their entire portfolio to a consortium of overseas investors for around £250 million. == Property investment == The couple relied heavily on leverage to build their portfolio, buying only new-build houses and remortgaging them as soon as prices went up, using the profits to finance further purchases. In September 2009 it was reported in The Times that they planned to sell their entire portfolio. In January 2014 Fergus Wilson sent eviction notices to every tenant that received housing benefit and alerted letting agents that he would no longer accept tenants who require housing benefit. This amounted to at least 200 evictions. == Legal matters == Also in 2008, Fergus Wilson was found guilty of using a mobile phone while driving and fined £565 and had his licence endorsed with three points. He had pleaded not guilty and claimed that he had been singing into a drinks carton that he was holding to the side of his head. In 2014, Fergus Wilson was found guilty of assaulting an estate agent. == Outside property == The couple are racehorse owners, an activity that earned them some criticism as they persistently entered 'no-hoper', low-quality racehorses in top races - such as their entry of the 'worst racehorse in history' into the Epsom Derby, as well as similar entries in the Gold Cup, Grand National and Champion Hurdle. Fergus Wilson initially proposed to stand as an independent candidate in the 2012 elections for the Police and Crime Commissioner of Kent Police, but in the end did not stand. On 3 August 2015 he told Channel 4 News that he intended to stand for Police and Crime Commissioner in Kent in 2016, but newspaper reports suggest that he would be ineligible to stand due to his assault conviction. On 7 April 2016 Fergus Wilson's nomination for the post of Police and Crime Commissioner was rejected by the Returning Officer On 7 January 2017 Fergus Wilson announced that he would no longer accept victims of domestic abuse, claiming that victims of domestic violence often have partners ruin his properties, he also banned plumbers claiming they would often overprice quotes. On 27 March 2017, Fergus Wilson stated he had made an "economic decision" to ban "coloured" people from renting his homes in Kent.1

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Toledo, Illinois<EOT>1

Toledo, Illinois

Toledo is a village in Cumberland County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,238 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Cumberland County. Toledo is part of the Charleston–Mattoon Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Toledo is a village in Cumberland County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,238 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Cumberland County. Toledo is part of the Charleston–Mattoon Micropolitan Statistical Area. == Geography == Toledo is located in the center of Cumberland County at 39°16′20″N 88°14′34″W (39.272115, -88.242778). Illinois Route 121 passes through the village, leading southeast 5 miles (8 km) to Greenup. Neoga is 14 miles (23 km) to the west. According to the 2010 census, Toledo has a total area of 0.91 square miles (2.36 km²), all land. == Demographics == As of the census of 2000, there were 1,166 people, 510 households, and 314 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,461.0 people per square mile (562.7/km²). There were 571 housing units at an average density of 715.4 per square mile (275.6/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 98.63% White, 0.09% Native American, 0.09% from other races, and 1.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.43% of the population. There were 510 households out of which 32.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.9% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.4% were non-families. 36.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 20.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.91. In the village, the population was spread out with 26.8% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 18.2% from 45 to 64, and 19.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 88.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.7 males. The median income for a household in the village was $26,094, and the median income for a family was $29,792. Males had a median income of $26,563 versus $16,898 for females. The per capita income for the village was $14,246. About 18.0% of families and 16.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.5% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over. == Notable people == Grover Baichley (1889–1956), pitcher with the St Louis Browns1

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Project A Part II<EOT>Instructions for submission of proprietary or privileged information are provided in Chapter II.D.1 . 1

Project A Part II

Project A Part II (Chinese: A計劃續集; aka Jackie Chan’s Project A II) is a 1987 Hong Kong action film written and directed by Jackie Chan, who also starred in the lead role. It is the sequel to the 1983 film Project A. Jackie Chan plays Sergeant Dragon Ma once again, Sammo Hung and Yuen Biao, stars from the original film, are absent. The film was released in the Hong Kong on 19 August 1987.

Project A Part II (Chinese: A計劃續集; aka Jackie Chan’s Project A II) is a 1987 Hong Kong action film written and directed by Jackie Chan, who also starred in the lead role. It is the sequel to the 1983 film Project A. Jackie Chan plays Sergeant Dragon Ma once again, Sammo Hung and Yuen Biao, stars from the original film, are absent. The film was released in the Hong Kong on 19 August 1987. == Plot == The sequel continues with runaway pirates, who vow that they must kill Dragon Ma to take revenge for their late captain. On recommendation of the Chief of Marine Force, Dragon Ma is transferred to be in charge of the district of Sai Wan after the Superintendent, Chun, is thought to be staging his arrests. Chun, however, has an excellent record and the "criminals" he has been engaging are shot and killed, so there is no evidence against him. Dragon Ma and his subordinates later meet Yesan and her cousin, Carina, at a teahouse selling flowers to raise funds. He later learns that Carina is a member of the Chinese revolutionaries headed by Dr Sun Yat-sen. Dragon identifies himself as the new superintendent of Sai Wan Police Station, after realizing that all of his policemen except one has been taking bribes. Ho, the only upright policeman around, tells them that a gangster named Tiger Ow with gambling dens and other illegal businesses is the kingpin of the town. When his men are too cowardly to confront Tiger, Dragon is forced to confront him with only Ho and his three friends he brought with him from the Marine Police. After a big fight where the policemen are badly outnumbered, the Marine Police show up with guns and force the gangsters to surrender. After one last fight with Ow, all the gangsters are sent to prison, inspiring the police at the station to do a better job. Dragon is then put in charge of the Governor's security for a birthday ball he is throwing for his adopted daughter. Chun corroborates with a group of revolutionaries to implicate Dragon in a theft of the Governor's diamond pendant. Dragon is arrested. After the ball, Carina is kidnapped by agents of the Empress Dowager, who are working with Chun; they trap her in a wardrobe at Yesan's house. Yesan, Li, Ma, and Ho arrive. Li hides but ends up threatened by one of the imperial agents. Ma and Ho, who are handcuffed together, enter the bathroom. While they are in the bathroom, the commissioner arrives. As Yesan hangs up his uniform, Ma and Ho see the keys to the handcuffs. They break free and hide under the bed, losing the key to the handcuffs. They see the Imperial Agents with Carina in the wardrobe. Then Yesan and the commissioner sit down to talk. The Commissioner demonstrates how to handcuff two people by handcuffing himself to the armchair but can not break free. Chun arrives to visit Yesan, and the commissioner hides under the bed, where he sees Ma and Ho. Yesan finally gets Chun to get out of her house, when Ma, Ho, Tung and Yesan defeat the Imperial agents. Eventually the Imperial Agents are arrested, the revolutionary chief escapes, and Dragon is handcuffed by Chun so that he can be brought to the main prison. Carina flees town with the help of the revolutionaries. Chun arranges for Dragon to be killed by a prison warden. The pirates attack both Dragon and Chun with axes, but they are eventually driven off after the police show up. Dragon is handed over to the prison warden, tied up in a sack, and thrown into the sea. The revolutionaries save Dragon and take him back to their hideout above a medicine store, where they try to enlist him. Dragon refuses to actively help them, saying that he is just a Hong Kong cop. The head of the pirates falls sick, and the pirates enter the medicine store to ask for some herbs. Dragon intervenes and offers to pay for their medicine, causing the pirates to think much better of him. The Imperial agents arrive and apprehend most of the revolutionaries, to gain possession of the black book. Dragon helps Yessan and Miss Pak escape while safeguarding the book. After a frantic run and fight scene, he defeats them with the help of the pirates. The Police Commissioner arrives with a huge police cohort and orders the arrest of Superintendent Chun, now fully aware Chun is trying to murder Dragon. Chun tries to run, but a large bamboo-and-wood stage facade falls on Chun while he attempts to retrieve his moneybag. Dragon, on order of the Commissioner, takes charge of the police. During the end credits, a small vignette featuring Chan singing the theme song, appears above the credits roll. == Cast == Jackie Chan – Sergeant Dragon Ma Maggie Cheung – Yesan / Maggie Bill Tung – Chief Inspector / Chief Tung Rosamund Kwan – Miss Pak David Lam – Superintentant/Inspector Chun Carina Lau – Carina Ray Lui – Mr. Man Tin-ching Regina Kent – Regina, Governor’s daughter Mars – Mars / Jaws Kenny Ho – Shi King Yao Lin Chen – Awesome Wolf Chris Li – Mr. D (Ma's sidekick) Fan Mei-sheng – Black Bear Lee Hoi-san – Choy Tai Bo – Mr. B John Cheung – Bodyguard Chen Ti-ko – Python Benny Lai – Pirate No.1 Rocky Lai – Pirate No.2 Johnny Cheung – Pirate No.3 Lai Sing-kong – Pirate No.4 Frankie Poon – Pirate No.5 Sun Wong – Sgt. Ching Wan Fat – Wan Sam Mun Len Wen-wei – Sung Ben Lam – Brawns Lo Wai-kwong – Brains Anthony Chan – Cop #365 Nicky Li – Hotel Receptionist Kwan Hoi-san – Chi Lau Siu-ming – The Prince Isabela Wong – Winnie Chi Ricky Hui – Cop #364 Sammo Hung – Fei (Opening Credit Secuence) Yuen Biao – Captain Tzu (Opening Credit Secuence) Dick Wei – San Pau (cameo) (Opening Credit Secuence in film) == Production notes == Sammo Hung and Yuen Biao did not appear in the Project A sequel because they were shooting the film Eastern Condors. Ben Lam, Kenny Ho and Chris Li appeared in both films. The scene in Maggie's house is an homage to the Marx Brothers' A Night at the Opera, where everyone was crammed into a ship cabin. The scene where the wall falls on Jackie, but he escapes injury because he is standing exactly where the window of the wall, is taken from Buster Keaton's Steamboat Bill Jr.. The handcuff sequence was inspired by a segment Jackie saw on the news magazine 60 Minutes. Isabella Wong is the only rare model character to appear in both Project A and Project A Part II and has not been seen in any other films., Later in 1988 on a cameo appearance in Police Story 2. Actually, she did act in more than just the three films mentioned. The list of films she has acted in can be referred from the following links: http://hkmdb.com/db/people/view.mhtml?id=5293&display_set=eng ; http://www.hkcinemagic.com/en/people.asp?id=9172. == Box office == The film grossed HK $31,459,916 at the Hong Kong box office. == Reception == Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 67% of six surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating was 6.5/10. David Beamish of DVDactive rated it 6/10 stars and recommended it to fans of the first film. J. Doyle Wallis of DVD Talk rated it 3.5/5 stars and called it "one of the better films in his resume, just not up to the likes of the original film that preceded it." Mike Pinsky of DVD Verdict called it a "time filler" for Chan that does not live up to the previous film. == Awards and nominations == 1988 Hong Kong Film Awards Won: Best Action Choreograghy Nominated: Best Film Editing (Peter Cheung)1

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Movement for Democracy and Progress (Comoros)<EOT>1

Movement for Democracy and Progress (Comoros)

The Movement for Democracy and Progress (French: Mouvement pour la Démocratie et le Progrès, MDP), also known as the People's Democratic Movement (Mouvement Démocratique Populaire) was a political party in the Comoros.

The Movement for Democracy and Progress (French: Mouvement pour la Démocratie et le Progrès, MDP), also known as the People's Democratic Movement (Mouvement Démocratique Populaire) was a political party in the Comoros. == History == Based in Moroni, the party campaigned for the constitution approved in a 1992 referendum, and contested the subsequent parliamentary elections later in the year. Although the party received the highest vote share at 10.4%, it won only three seats in the Assembly of the Union, whilst the Union of Democrats for Development won seven seats. In the early parliamentary elections the following year the party won only two seats. In 1994 the MDP joined with other opposition to form the Forum for National Recovery (FRN), an alliance opposed to President Said Mohamed Djohar. The MDP nominated Abbas Djoussouf as its candidate for the 1996 presidential elections. Djoussouf finished second in the first round of voting, progressing to the runoff, where he was defeated by UDD candidate Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim by a margin of 64%–36%. The MDP subsequently boycotted the parliamentary elections later in the year. However, Djoussouf was appointed Prime Minister in November 1998. Following a coup in 1999, the MDP left the FRN, as some member parties had supported the coup. Djoussouf was the MDP candidate again for the 2002 presidential elections, but finished fourth out of the nine candidates in the first round. Prior to the 2004 parliamentary elections the MDP joined the Camp of the Autonomous Islands alliance. The alliance won 12 of the 18 elected and all 15 of the indirectly-elected seats.1

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Clive Reston<EOT>1

Clive Reston

Clive Reston is a fictional character in the Marvel Comics Universe patterned on James Bond and Roper from the Bruce Lee Movie Enter the Dragon. Clive Reston was an agent of MI-6 and an ally to Denis Nayland Smith and Shang-Chi. During his time with MI-6, he started a relationship with Leiko Wu, but she left him for Simon Bretnor who turned out to be the mad assassin Mordillo.

Clive Reston is a fictional character in the Marvel Comics Universe patterned on James Bond and Roper from the Bruce Lee Movie Enter the Dragon. Clive Reston was an agent of MI-6 and an ally to Denis Nayland Smith and Shang-Chi. During his time with MI-6, he started a relationship with Leiko Wu, but she left him for Simon Bretnor who turned out to be the mad assassin Mordillo. == Publication history == Clive Reston first appeared in Giant-Size Master of Kung Fu issue three, in 1974, created by Doug Moench. He went on to be a recurring character in the Master of Kung Fu series, as well as occasionally appearing in other series such as Rom and X-Men. He also recently appeared in the MAX series Wisdom, centered on the character Pete Wisdom. Originally, Reston's father was intended to be James Bond, and his granduncle was intended to be Sherlock Holmes, however due to copyright laws Marvel was forced to abandon this. Now, of course,it is widely known that Shang-Chi was basically Sax Rohmer’s Fu Manchu novels fused together with Bruce Lee movies, but there is much of the concept had been stolen specifically from Enter the Dragon. Bruce Lee’s character in the movie practically is Shang-Chi. And his uneasy alliance with wisecracking pal Roper John Saxon echoes, in many ways, Shang-Chi’s give-and-take with agent Clive Reston. Saxon's image was replaced with that of Sean Connery == Fictional character biography == Reston first appeared as an ally to Shang Chi, the master of kung fu. He also had a romantic relationship with Melissa Greville, and the two were both present at the funeral of James Larner. He allows her to stay with him after she is released from hospital after having been injured by a gunshot wound, and she reveals to him that her mother knows his father. The pair were subsequently arrested in Hong Kong, after they were framed for committing an explosion at a place called the Jade Peacock. They discovered that they had been set up and that the policemen were criminals in disguise. After escaping from custody, they contacted Mi-6, who helped them locate the secret base of the villain, Kogar, where they engaged in a fight with Kogar's men, before they engaged in a fight with and defeated Kogar. Reston then returned to England. Reston then encountered the villain Shockwave, who attacked him. He then discovered that former MI-6 agents were trying to kill him, Melissa and his companion Sir Denis. In order to escape, they traveled to a remote estate in Scotland, where they were all captured by a group led by Mi-6's chief Ward Sarsfield, before they were rescued by Black Jack Tarr. Melissa then agreed to act as bait in order to capture a serial killer, dubbed, Jack the Ripper. The trap worked, and Jack the Ripper was attacked and killed by Reston and Shang Chi. Later, he told her that their relationship was off, although she continues to love him. Reston was seen in London helping Pete Wisdom fight off an invading army of Martians and Jack the Rippers. == Profile == Real Name: Clive Reston Marital Status: Single Known Relatives: Leiko Wu (wife), David Wu (brother-in-law), Mr. Wu (father-in-law, deceased), unidentified father and grand-uncle (see History) Group affiliation: Formerly MI6, then Freelance Restorations Base Of Operations: London Height: 5‘11 1/2” Weight: 170 lbs Age: 30’s Eyes: Blue-Gray Hair: Gray - == Powers and abilities == Reston possesses no superhuman powers or abilities, although he is a very talented agent. Clive's weapon of choice is an ASP 9mm handgun1

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Allan F. Sierp<EOT>Jim Davies was to retain the title until it could be re-staged but no details of a re-staging have been found . ## 1998 results altered at MA tribunal hearing 28/9/98 . <doc-sep> Earnest married Gladys Isobelle HOWAT 25th February 1922 at Mylor South Australia, Australia . Gladys was born 5th January 1895 and died 29th May 1967. 604 M vi. Gilbert Oliver Gordon MARCH was born 9th April 1893 at Kapunda South Australia, Australia . Victor married Rose May LAINTOLL 21st April 1928 at Kapunda, South Australia, Australia . Rose was born 4th October 1901 and died 11th February 1986. Front: Clarence & Frederick Daniel married Emily MORGAN 22nd November 1888 at Thistle Beds, South Australia, Australia . Emily was born 10th February 1866 and died 13th May 1940. Frederick married Mary Lillian POTTS 3rd September 1919 at Norwood, South Australia, Australia . Mary was born 25th July 1896 and died 7th August 1977. Rosina married Llewellyn Mervyn DIXON 31st August 1927 at Iron Mine near Burra, South Australia, Australia . Llewellyn was born 1st August 1904. Edwin married Nellie Edith MOXHAM 19th November 1928 at Iron Mine near Burra, South Australia, Australia . Nellie was born 18th September 1910. Front: Henry, Mary, Nell, William, Caroline & Will Caroline married George Henry LANGSFORD 30th June 1891 at Douglas South Australia, Australia . George was born 30th June 1867. Hilda married Kenneth John WOOD 28th May 1921 at Hindmarsh, South Australia, Australia . Kenneth was born 1st October 1899. Edwin married Annie May LLOYD 13th October 1921 at Iron Mine, South Australia, Australia . Annie was born 29th May 1901 and died 10th April 1981. Mary-Anne married Ernest Frank Thomas SIERP 22nd December 1928 at Proospect, South Australia, Australia . Ernest was born 17th October 1903. Tryphenia married Frank John HILL 16th April 1927 at Prospect, South Australia, Australia . Frank was born 30th March 1903. Millicent married Harold Terrence SCOTT 26th April 1930 at Walkerville South Australia, Australia . Harold was born 23rd March 1904 and died 22nd May 1982. William & Martha JAMES Martha married William Richard JAMES in 1897 at Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia . William was born 30th October 1872. 643 F ii. Ada Evelyn JAMES was born 21st July 1899 at Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. . 645 F iv. Hilda Caroline JAMES was born 21st December 1903 at Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. . 646 M v. William Arthur JAMES was born 2nd January 1909 at Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. . 647 M vi. Roy Leslie JAMES was born 28th May 1913 at Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. . 648 F vii. Ivy Pearl JAMES was born 8th October 1917 at Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. . William married Ida May ROBINSON in 1909 at Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. . Ida was born 12th May 1890 and died 25th October 1976. 650 F ii. Edna May WILLIAMS was born 10th May 1912 at Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. . 1

Allan F. Sierp

Allan Frederick Sierp (17 May 1905 – 28 September 1982) was a South Australian artist, author of a series of technical drawing books used in Australian schools. He was generally known as "Allan F. Sierp", perhaps to distinguish him from the Adelaide violinist Allan Sierp L.T.C.L. (Licentiate of Trinity College London), who was active in Adelaide 1920–1940.

Allan Frederick Sierp (17 May 1905 – 28 September 1982) was a South Australian artist, author of a series of technical drawing books used in Australian schools. He was generally known as "Allan F. Sierp", perhaps to distinguish him from the Adelaide violinist Allan Sierp L.T.C.L. (Licentiate of Trinity College London), who was active in Adelaide 1920–1940. == History == He was a son of Alfred Frederick Sierp (ca.1865 – 9 August 1945) and his wife Elsie B. Sierp. He studied at the School of Arts and Crafts and dominated the 1928 Examinations, when he sat for 11 technical drawing subjects, passing with Honours in eight and a Credit in three. He worked as a draughtsman in the State public service, then the Education Department, becoming South Australia's first Inspector of Art. It was around this time that he wrote the first of what became classic textbooks of technical drawing, and would over the ensuing 30 years go through multiple editions, including new metric editions in 1972. In 1948 he was a senior master at Adelaide High School. He was Principal of the South Australian School of Arts 1961–1964, and was in charge of its removal from North Terrace to North Adelaide in 1962. == Other activities == He designed the coat of arms for the City of Prospect in 1934. He produced volumes of South Australian photographs from the colonial era, followed by similar volumes dealing with New South Wales and Tasmania. He was involved in stage design and set painting for amateur theatricals. == Publications == Lettering and layout for art students Sands & McDougall, 1939 (22 eds.) A basic course in technical drawing Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1948 A basic course in technical drawing (new metric edition) Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1972 Perspective projection for technical, art, and high schools Sands & McDougall, 1945 Perspective projection for technical, art, and high schools (new metric edition) Sands & McDougall, 1974 An advanced course in geometrical drawing Sands & McDougall, Adelaide, 1948 (11 eds.) Applied perspective : the theory and practice of perspective for architects, industrial designers, artists and draughtsmen Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1958 Colonial life in South Australia : fifty years of photography, 1855-1905 Rigby, Adelaide, ca.1969 Colonial life in New South Wales : fifty years of photography, 1855-1905 Rigby, Adelaide, 1974. Colonial life in Tasmania : fifty years of photography, 1855–1905 Adelaide Rigby, Adelaide, 1976. Colonial life in Victoria : fifty years of photography 1855-1905 Rigby, Adelaide, 1972 == Family == Allan married Catherine Lillias "Kitty" Rowe (1907–2002) on 18 April 1931. Their children included three daughters and two sons.1

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The Barony of Kersland<EOT>1

The Barony of Kersland

The remains of the old manor house or castle of Kersland lie about 1.5 miles to the north-east of the town of Dalry in North Ayrshire, Scotland, in the old Barony of Kersland. The River Garnock lies nearby.

The remains of the old manor house or castle of Kersland lie about 1.5 miles to the north-east of the town of Dalry in North Ayrshire, Scotland, in the old Barony of Kersland. The River Garnock lies nearby. == The history of Kersland == == The Barony == The Barony of Kersland was once extensive, however after the days of the Kerrs the land was parcelled out and the mid-superiority purchased by John Smith of Swineridgemuir (sic) after having been held by the Kerr family for upwards of 500 years. In the 15th century the parish had four other baronies: Kelburne, Blair, Lynn and Pitcon. The Kerslands proper sat on a bank shelving towards the River Garnock, comprising the properties of Kersehead, the Coalheugh-glen, the Tod-hills, the Brown-hills, the Davids-hills, and Auchengree, amounting to about 700 acres of arable land. == The Manor house == The ancient mansion or castle of Kersland stood on Easter (now 'East') Kersland Farm. The remains of the 'L-Plan' tower has been built into the farmhouse. The barmkin wall survives and has a surviving strong defensive corner tower. Paterson records that the house was almost entirely pulled down by the feuar, Robert Ker. The remaining two barrel vaulted chambers, later used as a dairy and stable, with walls 8 ft thick, until recently formed part of the offices attached to East Kersland. Over the main entrance door of the dwelling house is a carved stone removed from the old manor house bearing the arms of the Ker family, with an inscription "Daniel Ker Kersland - 1604". This date stone has been touched-up with paint. Karrisland (sic) is recorded on Timothy Pont's map c. 1604, as are the placenames Karshead, Todsle, Dysil, and Achingry. In 1685 'Carsland' is shown. The property had been surrounded by trees and had a orchard of considerable extent. Kersland Mains was on the entrance lane from Dalry and became Wester Kersland Farm when the manor house/castle was demolished. == The Barony mills == Most baronies had a water mill which was under the control of the laird or lord and to which the tenants were thirled or obliged to go to have their grain ground into flour. A proportion of the grain was taken as payment. Thirlage ended in the late 18th century and resulted in a number of mills being abandoned once market forces took a hold. Kersland Mill on the Powgree Burn lies just downstream of the Tianna Falls in the Kersland Glen and is recorded on Timothy Pont's map c. 1604. Robert Spier, writer and bank agent in Beith was descended from the Spier's of Kersland Mill which he purchased from his elder brother. In 1852 Captain John Russell of Maulside acquired Kersland Mill and the mill lands. A sawmill also existed at East Kersland with associated mill pond and settlement ponds and sluices. Originally the mill was fed by water from the old Kersloch near Kerselochmuir, carried to the site in an underground culvert and later by the muir alone. The mill had several dams and three mill ponds which have now been infilled. == The barony and associated families == == The Kers of Kersland == The place name 'Kerse' used for the farms and the bridge at the northern end of the loch refers in Scots to 'Low and fertile land adjacent to a river or loch'. The old Barony of Kersland was held by the Ker (latterly Kerr) family and the name of the barony derives from them. The Kers of Kersland appear to be the oldest representatives of the family in Scotland. The arms of the Kers of Kersland were a chevron, charged with three stars or mollets. The motto was "Praise God". The coat of arms were displayed at Dalry church. A local tradition suggests that two sons of Kersland were found guilty of, or at least being involved in the slaughter of a Laird of the Blair; they at first took refuge in England, but afterwards settled on the Border. One of these sons is said to have been Ralph Ker, who was founder of the Kers of Ferniehirst; while the other is stated to have been the founder of Kers of Cessford. A William de Ker is recorded in 1205 as holding land in the Dalry area and his son William (d. 1305) inherited in 1292, one of the Scottish barons who submitted to the rule of Edward I. Finlaio de Kerr, succeeded in 1362, followed by Willielmi Ker in 1421. Robert Ker, was slain at Flodden in 1513, leaving 2 sons, John and Robert. John Ker succeeded his father at Kersland. Robert Ker, the second son, took over Auchengree and his descendants became known as the Kers of Auchengree. John Ker of Kersland succeeded his father. John Ker married Lady Agnes Montgomerie in 1530, the daughter of Hugh Montgomerie, the first Earl of Eglinton, and Helen Campbell of Argyle. Both John and Agnes were born after 1478. Agnes died October 26, 1596. Robert Ker of Kersland, succeeded his father and married Agnes Montgomerie, daughter of Hugh of Hessilhead in 1556. The couple had no sons, but three daughters, Janet, Margaret and Jean. Margaret married Patrick Maxwell of Dargavel and Jean married Gavin Ralston of Ralston. Janet Ker married the famous Captain Thomas Crawford of Jordanhill who captured Dumbarton Castle from Mary Queen of Scots supporters during the minority of James VI. The couple had two sons, Daniel (b. c 1539) and Hugh, the latter inheriting the lands of Jordanhill. Crawford died on 3 January 1603 and is entombed at Kilbirnie Auld Kirk with Janet. == The Crawfurd Kers (Jordanhill) == Daniel Crawfurd adopted the name and arms of Ker of Kersland and married first Annabella Campbell, daughter of Sir Matthew Campbell of Loudoun, Sheriff of Ayr, and second Isobel Drummond, in about 1578 at Loudoun, Ayrshire. Annabella was born about 1543 at Loudoun Castle, Ayrshire. They had seven children: Hugh (Hew), John, Isobel, Margaret, Janet, Anna, and Susanna. Isobel married Robert Kerr of Trearne. Daniel appointed Robert Ker as Executor for his son Hugh. Anna married George Campbell of Cessnock. Susanna married Colonel Campbell of Ellengreig. John Ker became Laird of Brackenhill or Bankhill. Daniel Ker died in 1613. Hugh Crawfurd Ker was born about 1560, and succeeded his father in 1613 and married Jean Blair, daughter of Blair of that Ilk in 1640, having three children, Robert, Margaret and Annabella. Margaret married William Scott of Cambeith. Annabella married William Dunlop of Bloak. Robert Ker married Barbara Montgomerie, daughter of Robert Montgomerie of Hessilhead. They had six children: Robert, Daniel, Jean, Margaret, Anna and Elizabeth. Robert, the first son, had no issue. Daniel succeeded his father. Margaret married Rev. Thomas Linning of Lesmahagow. Jean married Major William Borthwick. Elizabeth married Alexander Porterfield, a surgeon in Glasgow. Anna married John Crawfurd of Fergushill. Robert lost his estates as a leading covenanter and died in Holland in 1680. == Drummond == Robert Ker was indicted with treason during the Covenanting 'Killing Times' and his lands were given to Lieutenant-General William Drummond of Cromlix in the 1680s. The forfeiture was rescinded and the estates were restored. Another source gives Daniel Ker as the member of the family who held the estate at the time. == The Borthwick Kers == Daniel Crawfurd also took the name and arms of the Ker family and inherited the lands of Kersland within this extensive Barony of Kersland. He was a made a major in the Earl of Angus' (Cameronian) regiment, and was killed at the Battle of Steinkirk in 1692. He was unmarried and his sister, Jean Ker, married Major William Borthwick of Johnstonburn, and inherited Kersland. In 1697, they sold the estate to her sister Anna, wife of John Crawfurd of Fergushill. John Crawfurd was born August 8, 1673 at Crawfurdland and married Anna c. 1703 at Kersland. He assumed the name and title John Ker of Kersland, dying on July 8, 1726 in Debtor's Prison, London, having first written his "Memoirs and Negotiations" which were later published. He was buried in Southwark on the north side of Saint George's churchyard. John Ker was survived by three daughters of whom, Anna and Jean died apparently unmarried. His daughter Elizabeth married John Campbell "of Ellengreig", also 'Ellan-Dheirrig' or 'Ellan-Gheirrig', a small island in Loch Riddan, in the parish of Inverchaolain, Argyllshire. Elizabeth and John Campbell had no children. Elizabeth was the last to take the title 'Lady Kersland' and died impoverished at the house of John Ker, a Beith merchant, where she had lived for many years, being buried in the Hessilhead tomb, Beith. Anna and Jean, sisters to Elizabeth, sold the barony and property to William Scot of Bavelaw in 1736. They had been forced to sell to pay off their father's many creditors. == The Scots == William Scot of Bavelaw purchased the barony and his son Lawrence divided the Mains of Kersland into two farms, Easter and Wester Kersland, feuing Easter to Robert Ker and Wester to James Kirkwood. Lawrence had a son Charles who borrowed so much money against the feu-duties that upon his death the barony in 1801 was sold. At this time John Smith of Swindridgemuir purchased the mid-superiority. == Kersland Barony church and school == The Church of Scotland school at Barkip aka The Den had an average attendance of 137 pupils in 1891 and was named for the old barony. == Industrial history == Several ironstone pits were located in the area, such as the Kersland Pit which was rail connected, together with sandstone quarries, brickworks and coal mines, including the Kersland Colliery above Highfield. A miner's row was located near the Kersland pit at West Kersland. == Micro-history == An Irish connection exists as John Roche of Ballickmahon, in the parish of Crossmolina, barony of Tyrawley, married Janet, daughter of Robert Kerr of Kersland. Margaret Blair married a Kerr of Kersland and obtained a charter of the lands of Trearne for herself and her son Robert in January 1594. Smith records that the sword of Kerr of Kersland was preserved "in Dr. Grierson's museum at Thornhill", and was one of the longest and heaviest in the collection.1

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Mark Teague<EOT>1

Mark Teague

Mark Teague is an American author and illustrator of children's books. Teague has illustrated over 40 books including the Poppleton series, the First Graders from Mars series, The Great Gracie Chase, and other favorites.

Mark Teague is an American author and illustrator of children's books. Teague has illustrated over 40 books including the Poppleton series, the First Graders from Mars series, The Great Gracie Chase, and other favorites. == Biography == Mark Teague was born in 1963. He grew up in San Diego, California, and went to college at UC Santa Cruz. When he was a child, he started writing books before he could even write. His mother would write the words for him. In interviews Mr. Teague says writing still feels like play to him. He loved books, and was working at Barnes & Noble doing window displays when he decided to write his first book. Although he had no formal writing training, he quickly became a writer of over 20 children's books. Additionally, he has illustrated over 40 books. Each of Mark Teague's books starts as "notebooks full of sketches and scribbles, strange little drawings and phrases that suddenly come together" he has described in interviews. During his creative process, he doodles and scribbles with no aim. Most of his books address common childhood fears. Teague's first full-length novel for children, The Doom Machine, was published in October 2009 by Scholastic Inc. Set in 1956, it tells the tale of Jack Creedle, a paperboy whose world is turned upside down when a space shuttle lands in his hometown. Aliens, time machines, and Mark Teague's signature illustrations ensue! == Family == He now lives in Austerlitz, New York with his wife, Laura and two children, Lillias and Ava. == Works == == Self Illustrated == == Illustrator == == Collaborations == Sweet Dream Pie by Audrey Wood, Illustrated by Teague (1998) Poppleton series by Cynthia Rylant, Illustrated by Teague Poppleton (1997) Poppleton and Friends (1997) Poppleton Forever (1998) PoppletonEveryday (1998) Poppleton in Fall (1999) Poppleton in Spring (1999) Poppleton Has Fun (2000) Poppleton in Winter (2001) First Graders From Mars by Shana Corey, Illustrated by Teague Episode 1, Horus's Horrible Day (2001) Episode 2, The Problem with Pelly (2002) Episode 3, Nergal and the Great Space Race (2002) Episode 4, Tera, Star Student (2003) Dinosaurs series by Jane Yolen and Mark Teague How Do Dinosaurs Say Goodnight? (2000) How Do Dinosaurs Get Well Soon? (2003) How Do Dinosaurs Clean Their Rooms? (2004) How Do Dinosaurs Count to Ten? (2004) How Do Dinosaurs Eat Their Food? (2005)1

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Christopher Wilson (biographer)<EOT>Christopher Wilson has written about parallels between Prince George and today’s Prince Harry. Wilson says: “Prince Charles should bear in mind the example of his great uncle Prince George , Duke of Kent . George , every bit as glamorous in the Twenties as Harry is today, was virtually ignored by his father Geogre V.” It seems Prince Harry has now learned from the lesson from his relative. <doc-sep> Fulfillment by Amazon (FBA) is a service we offer sellers that lets them store their products in Amazon's fulfillment centers, and we directly pack, ship, and provide customer service for these products. Something we hope you'll especially enjoy: FBA items qualify for FREE Shipping and . If you're a seller, Fulfillment by Amazon can help you increase your sales. We invite you to learn more about Fulfillment by Amazon . We see the quintessential Brooklyn girl whose family was in fact of old New England stock . . . her years in New York as a dancer and Broadway star . . . her fraught mar­riage to Frank Fay, Broadway genius, who influenced a generation of actors and comedians (among them, Jack Benny and Stanwyck herself ) . . . the adoption of a son, embattled from the outset; her partnership with the “unfunny” Marx brother, Zeppo, crucial in shaping the direction of her work, and who, together with his wife, formed a trio that created one of the finest horse-breeding farms in the west; her fairy-tale romance and marriage to the younger Robert Taylor, America’s most sought-after— and beautiful—male star. 1

Christopher Wilson (biographer)

Christopher Wilson (born 1947) is a journalist, novelist (as TP Fielden), and biographer.

Christopher Wilson (born 1947) is a journalist, novelist (as TP Fielden), and biographer. == Life == Wilson was born in Lancashire in 1947, the son of a naval officer. He was educated at Bedford Modern School. Wilson began his career at the Bedfordshire Times before moving to Fleet Street to work for the Daily Mail and the Sunday Telegraph. He subsequently worked for ITV as one of the first Environment correspondents. After ITV, Wilson returned to Fleet Street as diplomatic correspondent of the Daily Express, later becoming the William Hickey columnist, a position previously held by Nigel Dempster. Following his tenure at the Daily Express, Wilson continued his career as a columnist for The Times, the Daily Telegraph and Today before becoming a full-time royal biographer. Wilson lectures on the British Royal Family and is a regular contributor to TV documentaries and debates on the subject. He has been associate producer of three Channel Four documentaries on royalty. In 2009 he was appointed a Visiting Lecturer at the University of Winchester. In February 2017, as TP Fielden, he published The Riviera Express (HarperCollins/HQ), first in a series of 1950s murder mysteries featuring Miss Dimont, former naval Intelligence officer turned local newspaper reporter. The second in the series, Resort To Murder, was due for publication in November 2017. == Student Journalism == As a result of the death of a young colleague in the 1983 Harrods bombing, Wilson founded in conjunction with St Edmund Hall, Oxford, the Philip Geddes Awards. These encourage student journalists into the profession, and form the core of British journalism's longest-established independent charity which, since its inception, has granted would-be writers prize money worth over £100,000. In recognition of this work Wilson was elected an honorary member of St Edmund Hall's senior common room in 1998. == The Three Printers == Wilson was instrumental in the rescue of the only public monument to journalism, 'Three Printers' by Wilfred Dudeney (1911-1989). Originally sited in New Street Square behind Fleet Street, the sculpture disappeared during the square's 2005 redevelopment and was destined for a builder's crusher until his intervention. It is now re-sited in the public gardens of the Goldsmiths Company in Gresham Street, London EC2. == Publications == Dancing with the Devil: The Windsors and Jimmy Donahue, by Christopher Wilson. Published by St Martin’s Griffin, 2002 The Windsor Knot: Charles, Camilla, and the Legacy of Diana, by Christopher Wilson. Published by Pinnacle, 2002 A Greater Love, by Christopher Wilson. Published by William Morrow & Co, 1994 Absolutely… Goldie, by Christopher Wilson. Published by Harper Collins Entertainment, 1999 By Invitation Only, by Christopher Wilson and Richard Young. Published by Quartet Books, 1981 Diana v Charles, by Christopher Wilson and James Whitaker The Riviera Express (as TP Fielden). Published by HarperCollins/HQ, 2017 Around the World in 80 Years, by Christopher Wilson and Arne Larsson. Published by Ankroon Publishing, 20021

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International Guild of Knot Tyers<EOT>Welcome to the Surrey Branch website, the internet home of the Surrey Six . 1

International Guild of Knot Tyers

The International Guild of Knot Tyers (or IGKT) is a worldwide association for people with an interest in knots and knot tying.

The International Guild of Knot Tyers (or IGKT) is a worldwide association for people with an interest in knots and knot tying. == Formation and beginning == Officially established in 1982, the founding members were initially drawn together by the 1978 publication in The Times of an allegedly new knot, the Hunter's bend.The idea for a knotting association of some kind grew from the contact between two people. Des Pawson was a retail manager for a large stationery firm based in Ipswich and also no mean knot craftsman. Geoffrey Budworth was a Metropolitan Police Inspector and knotting consultant. Des first wrote to Geoff on the 8th October 1978. They met before the month was over, and if it was not mentioned then the idea of contacting other knotting enthusiasts was raised by Des in a letter dated July, 1980, when he pressed for a suitable venue and suggested The Maritime Trust. Even then, 1981 went by without further development; and this is a source of regret to them both as it was the centenary of Clifford W. Ashley's birth. == Aims == == 2013 Constitution == The object of the Guild shall be the advancement of education by the study of and practice of the art, craft and science of knotting, past and present. In furtherance of this object but not otherwise the Guild shall have the following powers: (a) To undertake research into all aspects of knotting and to publish the useful results. (b) To establish an authoritative body for consultation purposes (c) To publish a periodical or periodicals and other papers and books about knotcrafts and related subjects. (d) To form and maintain a library of books, papers, films, photographs and other materials about knotcrafts and related subjects, with a view to making information available to Members of the Guild, and to the general public. (e) To form a collection of knots and knotting and work related crafts. (f) To encourage the employment of knotcrafts as a manual activity in schools, and as a therapy among the physically handicapped The goals of the organization are to promote research and act as a source of reference and consultation on knots and knotting, preserve traditional techniques and promote an interest in the public, among others. Unlike a traditional guild no level of expertise is required for membership, only an interest in knotting. Members of the Guild assisted with revisions and corrections to The Ashley Book of Knots in 1991. == Knotting Matters == Knotting Matters is the quarterly news letter of the IGKT and is sent by post to all subscribed members. The first issue was published in Autumn 1982 and was 17 Pages long and in Black and white, edited by Hon. Secretary Geoffrey Budworth. The centennial was produced in September 2008 edited by Lindsey Philpott and was professionally printed with colour covers and was 50 pages in length. Knotting Matters is made from Guild members submissions and other news from the guild. == Founding members == The Guild dates from an inaugural meeting of 25 individuals aboard the Maritime Trust's vessel R.R.S. 'Discovery' berthed in St. Katharine's Dock in the lee of Tower Bridge London (UK) on April, 17th. 1982.Those in attendance were Dr. Harry ASHER, Mr. Roy E. BAIL, Mr. C.G. BELLINGHAM, Mr. Geoffrey BUDWORTH, Mr. John CONSTABLE, Mr. Bernard J. CUTBUSH, Mrs. Anne DEVINE, Mr. Ron W.EVANS, Mr. Sid EVANS, Mr. Eric FRANKLIN, Mr. Frank HARRIS,Mr. John HAWES, Mr. Paul HERBERT, Dr. Edward HUNTER, Miss. Jill JENNER,Mr. Albert KIRBY, Mr. Allan McDOWALL, Mr. Desmond MANDEVILLE, Mr. Graham MOTT, Mr. Des PAWSON, Mrs. Liz PAWSON, Mr. Douglas PROBERT, Mr. W. Ettrick THOMSON, Mr. Don WOODS and Mr. Quinton WINCH. Mr. Robert CHISNALL of Kingston, Ontario, Canada, and Mr. Charles H.S. THOMASON of Queensland, Australia Both expressed a wish to be involved from the outset but due to distance were unable to attend the opening meeting. == International and local branches == Alaskan Branch East Anglian Branch (UK) French Branch German Branch Midlands Branch (UK) Northwest Branch (UK) Netherlands New Zealand NAB Mid-Atlantic Region NAB Knot In the Middle Pacific Americas Branch Solent Branch Surrey Branch Southern Ontario Knot Tyers Sweden West Country Knotters (UK) West Yorkshire Branch (UK) == Recognition == In 2001, archaeological historian Mike Loades attempted a reconstruction of a British Iron Age chariot. He called upon IGKT member Richard Hopkins for his knowledge and experience of how to use the binding and lashing materials available at that time - rawhide, hemp, and flax - and described his contribution to the project as "invaluable". == Six knot challenge == This involves tying six basic knots - reef knot, sheet bend, sheepshank, clove hitch, round turn and two half-hitches and bowline - against the clock. The authenticated world record is 8.1 seconds, set by Clinton R. Bailey, Sr. in 1977. IGKT members have discussed proposals for formal rules to govern future attempts on this record.1

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Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies<EOT>1

Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies

Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies (HALS) houses the former Hertfordshire Record Office and the former Hertfordshire Local Studies Library. It collects and preserves archives, other historical documents and printed material relating to the county of Hertfordshire and the Diocese of St Albans from the 11th to the 21st century. HALS is located in Hertford, in the Register Office Block adjacent to County Hall.The archives are held at County Hall, Pegs Lane, Hertford, and run by Hertfordshire County Council.1

Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies (HALS) houses the former Hertfordshire Record Office and the former Hertfordshire Local Studies Library. It collects and preserves archives, other historical documents and printed material relating to the county of Hertfordshire and the Diocese of St Albans from the 11th to the 21st century. HALS is located in Hertford, in the Register Office Block adjacent to County Hall.The archives are held at County Hall, Pegs Lane, Hertford, and run by Hertfordshire County Council.1

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2010 Football League Cup Final<EOT>1

2010 Football League Cup Final

The 2010 Football League Cup Final was the final match of the 2009–10 Football League Cup, the 50th season of the Football League Cup, a football competition for the 92 teams in the Premier League and The Football League. The match, played at Wembley Stadium on 28 February 2010, was won by Manchester United, who beat Aston Villa 2–1. Aston Villa took the lead in the fifth minute of the game, via a James Milner penalty kick, but Michael Owen equalised for Manchester United seven minutes later. Wayne Rooney, who replaced the injured Owen shortly before half time, scored the winning goal with 16 minutes left to play. Manchester United went into the match as defending champions, having beaten Tottenham Hotspur on penalties in the 2009 final. The win gave them their fourth Football League Cup title, their third in five years and their second in succession, becoming the first team to retain the trophy since Nottingham Forest in 1990. It was the first time Manchester United successfully defended a major cup, having been losing finalists as title holders in the 1995 and 2005 FA Cup, and the 2009 Champions League finals. Since Manchester United qualified for the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League via their league position, the place in the following season's Europa League which would have been given to the winners of the League Cup was instead given to Villa, since they finished in sixth place in the 2009–10 Premier League.

The 2010 Football League Cup Final was the final match of the 2009–10 Football League Cup, the 50th season of the Football League Cup, a football competition for the 92 teams in the Premier League and The Football League. The match, played at Wembley Stadium on 28 February 2010, was won by Manchester United, who beat Aston Villa 2–1. Aston Villa took the lead in the fifth minute of the game, via a James Milner penalty kick, but Michael Owen equalised for Manchester United seven minutes later. Wayne Rooney, who replaced the injured Owen shortly before half time, scored the winning goal with 16 minutes left to play. Manchester United went into the match as defending champions, having beaten Tottenham Hotspur on penalties in the 2009 final. The win gave them their fourth Football League Cup title, their third in five years and their second in succession, becoming the first team to retain the trophy since Nottingham Forest in 1990. It was the first time Manchester United successfully defended a major cup, having been losing finalists as title holders in the 1995 and 2005 FA Cup, and the 2009 Champions League finals. Since Manchester United qualified for the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League via their league position, the place in the following season's Europa League which would have been given to the winners of the League Cup was instead given to Villa, since they finished in sixth place in the 2009–10 Premier League. == Background == Out of the 173 previous meetings between the two sides, Manchester United had won 87 and Aston Villa had won 49, with the remaining 37 games finishing as draws; however, Villa's record in the League Cup against United was markedly better, with four wins in six matches between them. United's only League Cup win over Aston Villa came in October 1975, when they won 2–1 at Villa Park in the third round. The only previous meeting between the two teams in the final of the competition came in 1994, when Villa won 3–1 and United winger Andrei Kanchelskis became the first player to be sent off in a League Cup final. Aston Villa hold the advantage over Manchester United in the league matches between the two sides in 2009–10, having beaten the Premier League champions 1–0 at Old Trafford in December and holding them to a 1–1 draw at Villa Park three weeks before the League Cup final. Both Manchester United and Aston Villa had played in seven Football League Cup finals, but Manchester United had only won three compared to Villa's five. United's most recent victory, however, came in 2009 – when they beat Tottenham Hotspur on penalties – whereas Villa's last League Cup title came in 1996, when they beat Leeds United 3–0. Manchester United went into the match looking to become the first team to retain the League Cup since Nottingham Forest in 1990. == Road to Wembley == == Pre-match == == Ticketing == Since 2008, the final of the Football League Cup has been played at Wembley Stadium in London. The stadium has a capacity of 90,000 spectators, and each team received an allocation of 31,750 tickets for their supporters. Both clubs chose to limit their initial applications to season ticket holders, with priority given to those supporters who had attended more cup games up to that point in the season. == Match ball == The match ball for the 2010 League Cup final is a variation of the Mitre Revolve ball used by The Football League. The ball is white and patterned with black with gold trim. 150 balls were produced for the two teams to train with prior to the final, each of which is stamped with a unique identifying number and the date of the match. The ball also features a special logo that reads "FIFTY" – in recognition of the 50th season of the League Cup – where the letter I is replaced by an image of the League Cup trophy. == Officials == Staffordshire-based referee Phil Dowd was named as the referee for the 2010 League Cup final on 1 February 2010. His only previous cup final experience came in 2006, when he was the fourth official for the 2006 FA Cup Final. His assistants for the match were Shaun Procter-Green from Lincolnshire and David Richardson from West Yorkshire, with Lee Mason from Lancashire acting as fourth official. == Opening ceremony == The opening ceremony for the match began with the Football League Cup trophy being brought out onto the field of play by Manchester United fan Private Dave Tatlock of 2nd Battalion, The Parachute Regiment; Tatlock had been wounded while on tour in Afghanistan in 2008. A piece of shrapnel embedded in his spine, leaving him paralysed, and he had been told by doctors that he would never walk again. Within four weeks, he regained feeling in his legs, and three months later he was able to walk with the aid of a stick. At the time of the match, he was waiting for an operation that would fully restore his mobility. The players and officials then emerged from the tunnel and lined up along a red carpet, accompanied by their team mascots; Manchester United's mascot was seven-year-old Charlie Simpson, selected for his fund-raising efforts in aid of the victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, while Aston Villa were led out by six-year-old Ben Clay, whose identical twin Oliver has cerebral palsy and attends a hospice run by Acorns Children's Hospice, whose logo Aston Villa wear on their shirts. The teams were then presented to the day's guests of honour: Brian Mawhinney, chairman of The Football League, and Martin Thomas, the Supply Chain Director of Molson Coors (UK), who own the Carling brand. Finally, the national anthem was sung by 21-year-old Camilla Kerslake. == Match == == Team selection == Aston Villa went into the match with only two players unavailable due to injury: forward Marlon Harewood (foot) and midfielder Nigel Reo-Coker (ankle); although midfielder Stiliyan Petrov had missed the previous game with a virus. Defender James Collins and forward Emile Heskey were both rested for Villa's FA Cup fifth round replay against Crystal Palace on 24 February. Also rested was goalkeeper Brad Friedel, indicating manager Martin O'Neill's intention for Friedel to start the final, despite reserve goalkeeper Brad Guzan having started each of Villa's other League Cup matches during the season. Defender Stephen Warnock had been suffering a shin problem earlier in the season, but he was given two weeks of rest before returning to the Villa side for their last three matches before the final to gain some match fitness. Manchester United, on the other hand, were beset by injury and suspension; midfielder Ryan Giggs broke his arm in the league match between the two teams 18 days earlier, forcing him to miss a month of the season, while fellow midfielder Anderson suffered an injury to the cruciate ligament in his left knee against Everton and was ruled out for the remainder of the season. Defender Rio Ferdinand had been expected to play in the match following a four-match suspension for an incident against Hull City, but he suffered a recurrence of a back problem that had kept him out of contention for three months earlier in the season. Also missing with long-term injuries for United were midfielder Owen Hargreaves (knee) and defender John O'Shea (thigh), while midfielder Nani was suspended for three matches after being sent off for a two-footed tackle on Stiliyan Petrov in the match between United and Villa on 10 February. Aston Villa's team was as expected, with the possible exception of Friedel starting in goal ahead of Guzan. Martin O'Neill played a 4–4–2 formation with Heskey and Agbonlahor in attack and Ashley Young and Stewart Downing on the wings, while Stephen Warnock was deemed fit enough to play at left-back and Stiliyan Petrov recovered from his virus to captain the side from central midfield. The biggest surprise in the teams selected by both managers was Sir Alex Ferguson's decision to leave in-form striker Wayne Rooney on the bench, opting instead to partner Michael Owen with Dimitar Berbatov up front and play four in midfield. Also surprising was Ferguson's decision to play Tomasz Kuszczak in goal ahead of Edwin van der Sar, who had been rested in midweek. It later came to light that Rooney had a minor knee injury and was named on the bench as a precaution. == Summary == == First half == Aston Villa began the game quickly, earning an early free kick on the left wing before taking the lead with a penalty kick in the fifth minute; Gabriel Agbonlahor was played in behind the United defence and outpaced Nemanja Vidić to the penalty area, where the Serbian defender grabbed hold of the English striker's shirt before lunging in with a clumsy challenge. Referee Phil Dowd pointed to the penalty spot immediately, but chose not to show Vidić a red card, despite Vidić being the last defender between Agbonlahor and the goal. James Milner took the penalty and sent goalkeeper Tomasz Kuszczak the wrong way with a side-footed finish to the bottom-right corner. Manchester United equalised seven minutes later after capitalising on an uncharacteristic mistake by Richard Dunne. Dimitar Berbatov caught Dunne in possession inside the Aston Villa half and ran towards the goal; although Dunne was able to catch up to Berbatov, his tackle only succeeded in finding its way to Michael Owen on the edge of the penalty area, where he swept the ball past Brad Friedel into the bottom-left corner of the goal. Milner had a chance to double his tally and restore his side's lead four minutes later with a left-footed shot from outside the penalty area, but Kuszczak kept the scores level with a diving, two-handed save. As the first half drew to a close, Owen pulled up with a hamstring injury as he chased down a ball into the Aston Villa penalty area; Wayne Rooney came on to replace him in the 41st minute. Park Ji-sung almost gave Manchester United the lead in injury time at the end of the first half, as James Collins' attempted clearance from Antonio Valencia's cross fell to him just inside the penalty area, but his shot hit the post. == Second half == Michael Carrick had the first significant chance of the second half in the 49th minute, when he forced Friedel into a low, diving save after making space for himself with a neat turn on the edge of the box. It took until the 74th minute for United to take the lead, as Rooney beat Friedel with a looping header; Berbatov found Valencia on the right side of the penalty area near the goal line, and the Ecuadorian stood up a cross into the centre, where Rooney outjumped Collins to head back across goal his 28th goal of the season. Rooney almost scored again with another header three minutes later, but it hit the foot of the left-hand post. Villa's search for an equaliser resulted in Norwegian striker John Carew coming on for Spanish right-back Carlos Cuellar with 10 minutes to play, and Carew almost had an immediate impact; as Stewart Downing crossed from the right wing, Carew's presence caused confusion in the Manchester United penalty area, and Vidić knew little about it as Heskey's header ricocheted off his shoulder and up onto the top of the crossbar. Dunne had a chance to equalise in the dying minutes as Downing chipped a cross to the far post, but he didn't make good enough contact on his header and it went harmlessly wide. United managed to survive the four minutes of injury time at the end of the second half to take the victory, the first team to retain the League Cup since Nottingham Forest in 1990 and the first time they had retained a cup trophy in their history. == Details == Match officials Assistant referees: Shaun Procter-Green (Lincolnshire) David Richardson (West Yorkshire) Fourth official: Lee Mason (Lancashire) Man of the match Antonio Valencia (Manchester United) Match rules 90 minutes. 30 minutes of extra time if necessary. Penalty shootout if scores still level. Seven named substitutes. Maximum of three substitutions. == Statistics == Source: BBC Sport1

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PointCast (dotcom)<EOT>1

PointCast (dotcom)

PointCast was a dot-com company founded in 1992 by Christopher R. Hassett in Sunnyvale, California.

PointCast was a dot-com company founded in 1992 by Christopher R. Hassett in Sunnyvale, California. == PointCast Network == The company's initial product amounted to a screensaver that displayed news and other information, delivered live over the Internet. The PointCast Network used push technology, which was a hot concept at the time, and received enormous press coverage when it launched in beta form on February 13, 1996. The product did not perform as well as expected, often mistakenly believed to be because its traffic burdened corporate networks with excessive bandwidth use, and was banned in many places. It demanded more bandwidth than the home dial-up Internet connections of the day could provide, and people objected to the large number of advertisements that were pushed over the service as well. Pointcast offered corporations a proxy server that would dramatically reduce the bandwidth used. But even this didn't help save PointCast. A more likely reason than bandwidth was the increasing popularity of "portal websites". When PointCast first started Yahoo offered little more than a hierarchical structure on the internet (broken down by subject much like DMOZ ) but was soon to introduce the portal which was customizable and offered a much more customizable way to read the news. == News Corporation purchase offer and change of CEO == At its height in January 1997, News Corporation made an offer of $450 million to purchase the company. However, the offer was withdrawn in March. While there were rumors that it was withdrawn due to issues with the price and revenue projections, James Murdoch said it was due to PointCast's inaction. Shortly after not accepting the purchase offer, the board of directors decided to replace Christopher Hassett as the CEO. Some reasons included turning down the recent purchase offer, software performance problems (using too much corporate bandwidth) and declining market share (lost to the then-emerging Web portal sites.) After five months, David Dorman was chosen as the new CEO. In an effort to raise more capital, Dorman planned to take the company public. A filing was made in May 1998 with a valuation of $250 million. This plan was abandoned after two months in favor of looking for a company with whom to partner or be acquired. == Project Newnet == In August 1998, PointCast found such a partner. In order to compete with @Home, a consortium of telephone companies and Microsoft put together a project designed to promote use of DSL in preference to cable modems. The project was dubbed "Newnet" and the plan was to use PointCast's software as a portal for the service. The consortium planned to buy PointCast for $100 million as part of the deal. The deal was signed in December 1998 with the intent of launching the service in April 1999. Due to delays in the project, Dorman resigned as CEO in March 1999. Two weeks later PointCast were informed that their planned acquisition had been scrapped. In the reorganization that followed, 75 of the 220 employees were let go in an effort to reduce costs. A number of bids were made to buy the company including two from former CEO Christopher Hassett, which were rejected. Instead, they sold out for about $7 million in May 1999 to Launchpad Technologies, Inc., a San Diego company founded and backed by Idealab, and the PointCast network was shut down the next year. == EntryPoint == Launchpad's eWallet product was combined with the existing PointCast technology to create EntryPoint, which had a free desktop toolbar and offered customized news, stocks and sports feeds. == Infogate == EntryPoint merged with Internet Financial Network in 2000 forming Infogate, continuing the same free service until switching to a fee-based co-branded model, partnering with news outlets such as USA Today and CNN. Infogate was sold to AOL Time Warner in March 2003. Infogate's senior executives — Cliff Boro, Vidar Vignisson, and Tom Broadhead – formed CVT Ventures, LLC, a venture-development group dedicated to accelerating technology startups.1

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Walker Edmiston<EOT>1

Walker Edmiston

Walker Edmiston (February 6, 1925 – February 15, 2007) was an American actor and voice actor.

Walker Edmiston (February 6, 1925 – February 15, 2007) was an American actor and voice actor. == Career == Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Edmiston appeared on various television programs in character roles during the 1950s–1970s, such as Star Trek, Gunsmoke, Mission: Impossible, Knots Landing, and The Dukes of Hazzard. He also played a character based on "Chester" in "Gun-Shy," the famous Maverick parody of Gunsmoke starring James Garner. In 1966, Edmiston had a recurring role as Regan in the short-lived ABC comedy western series, The Rounders with co-stars Ron Hayes, Patrick Wayne, and Chill Wills. Edmiston also did many television commercials and cartoon character voices, such as "Ernie the Keebler Elf" in hundreds of commercials for the cookie products of the Keebler Company, and voices for characters on H.R. Pufnstuf and The Bugaloos from the studios of Sid and Marty Krofft, as well as a recurring role as Enik the Altrusian on that studio's Land of the Lost. He also did many character voices on the Focus on the Family radio program, Adventures in Odyssey, in which he played the beloved Tom Riley and the infamous Bart Rathbone (and numerous other one-shot characters), for more than twenty years. At times the two characters would argue; however, Edmiston would require little redubbing or editing. He simply switched between the two characters without pause. Some of his voice credits were under the stage name Walter Edmiston. In 1985 he also voiced the Autobot Inferno from the original Transformers cartoon. In the 1950s and 1960s, he hosted The Walker Edmiston Show, a children's television program in Los Angeles, California. The program featured puppets of his own creation including "Kingsley the Lion" and "Ravenswood the Buzzard". == Death == Edmiston died from cancer in Woodland Hills, California on February 15, 2007. He was survived by a daughter, Erin Edmiston. He is interred at Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Hollywood, California. == Filmography == Beany and Cecil (1949) — Dishonest John The Flintstones (1962) — J. Montague Gypsum The Monkees (1967) — Newspaper Publisher ("Monkee Mayor") The Beach Girls and the Monster (1965) — Mark and Kingsley the Lion Pufnstuf (1970) — Additional Voices Yogi's Ark Lark (1972) — Squiddly Diddly, Yakky Doodle Sigmund and the Sea Monsters (1973) — Sigmund Land of the Lost (1974–1976) — Enik, Jefferson Davis Collie III Trilogy of Terror (1975) — voice of Zuni fetish doll Wholly Moses! (1980) — God Buck Rogers in the 25th Century (1981) — Koldar ("The Dorian Secret") Spider-Man (1981) — Magneto ("When Magneto Speaks... People Listen") Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends (1981) — Kingpin ("Pawns of the Kingpin"), Frankenstein's Monster ("The Transylvanian Connection") The Smurfs (1981) — Walden Edmiston Dumbo's Circus (1985) — Sebastian Ludwig's Think Tank (1985) — Ludwig Von Drake The Transformers (1985–1986) — Inferno The Great Mouse Detective (1986) – Thug Guard #1 The Transformers: The Movie (1986) — Inferno (scenes deleted) Adventures in Odyssey (1987-2008) — Bart Rathbone and Tom Riley Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears (1989–1991) — Sir Thornberry Whisper of the Heart (1995) — Kita (2006 Disney dub) Avatar: The Last Airbender (2006) — Fire Lord Azulon Ben 10 (2006) — Marty/Ice Cream Employee ("Permanent Retirement")1

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Ron Shelton<EOT>The Los Angeles Police Department refused to cooperate in the making of Dark Blue — no ride-alongs, no nothing — and though the churlish among us might conclude that this is because the movie portrays the SIS as a barrel full of rotten apples, my own view is that, like me, the LAPD was defeated by the movie's incestuously proliferating plots. I've seen Dark Blue twice, and I still don't have a handle on all its comings and goings . . . but here goes. The main event is Perry and Keough's pursuit of a quadruple homicide — possibly racially motivated — perpetrated in a Korean convenience store by Orchard and Sidwell, who sound like mutual-fund managers but are, in fact, an interracial brace of thugs (played by rap artist Kurupt and Dash Mihok) who also happen to be Van Meter's top informants, and more. Additionally, Bobby happens to be Van Meter's nephew, and happens to be sleeping with Beth (Michael Michele), who happens to be deputy to the lone honest cop in the whole setup, assistant LAPD chief Holland (Ving Rhames), with whom Beth, who's also black, happened to have a one-night stand five years earlier. Dark Blue is stuffed to the gills with blithely improbable coincidence and subsidiary story lines, including two separate internal investigations and Eldon's failing marriage to a weary prison officer (Lolita Davidovich). Amid all this foreground, the background all but disappears, and Dark Blue proclaims itself a character drama and a voyage of self-discovery for the flawed cop — which proves to be its fatal weakness. <doc-sep> Also because he did it so well! When you get to the last minute and he makes the run, then drops the ball short of the goal line . . . How many multi-million-dollar NFL stars have dropped the ball short of the goal line? It happens five times a year. Lloyd did it in 1925. “This one is going to haunt me for a long time! There could have been a movie about his face alone, and it would still be as compelling as the man himself. His monologue to Nastassja Kinski at the . . .” “Haunted D Stanton. Great Face. Great Voice. I used to play Ry Cooder soundtrack for Paris Texas at night so I could fall asleep to his monologue when young . A nugget for the cognoscenti who dug . . .” 1

Ron Shelton

Ronald Wayne "Ron" Shelton (born September 15, 1945) is an American Oscar-nominated film director and screenwriter. Shelton is known for the many films he has made about sports. A former minor league baseball infielder in Baltimore's farm system, he played with the Bluefield Orioles (Rookie), Stockton Ports (A), Dallas-Fort Worth Spurs (AA) and Rochester Red Wings (AAA) between 1967-1971.

Ronald Wayne "Ron" Shelton (born September 15, 1945) is an American Oscar-nominated film director and screenwriter. Shelton is known for the many films he has made about sports. A former minor league baseball infielder in Baltimore's farm system, he played with the Bluefield Orioles (Rookie), Stockton Ports (A), Dallas-Fort Worth Spurs (AA) and Rochester Red Wings (AAA) between 1967-1971. == Film career == After working on the scripts for a number of films, including co-writing the Nick Nolte and Gene Hackman political drama Under Fire, Shelton made his directorial debut with Bull Durham in 1988. Set in the world of minor league baseball, the romantic comedy stars Kevin Costner and Susan Sarandon. Shelton's screenplay netted him multiple awards, including Best Original Script from the Writer's Guild of America, and Best Script from the US National Society of Film Critics. It was also nominated for an Academy Award. Shelton worked with Costner again on the 1996 golf-themed romantic comedy Tin Cup. Other films as writer and director included the boxing comedy Play It to the Bone, a critical and commercial flop, and acclaimed 1992 comedy White Men Can't Jump, starring Woody Harrelson and Wesley Snipes as two basketball hustlers. Calling the latter film "very smart and very funny", and "not simply a basketball movie," critic Roger Ebert wrote that Shelton "knows how his characters talk and sound, and how they get into each other's minds with non-stop talking and boasting." Shelton has also written and directed two biopics: Cobb, in which Tommy Lee Jones portrayed record-breaking baseballer Ty Cobb, and Blaze, which starred Paul Newman as colourful Louisiana Governor Earl Long. He wrote or co-wrote other sports-themed films including The Best of Times, starring Robin Williams and Kurt Russell as former football teammates; the basketball drama Blue Chips, starring Nick Nolte, and a boxing comedy, The Great White Hype, starring Samuel L. Jackson. He also directed two Los Angeles-based crime films, Dark Blue, a drama starring Kurt Russell, and Hollywood Homicide, a comedy with Harrison Ford. == Personal life == Shelton grew up in Montecito, California, the oldest of four brothers. He is an alumnus of Santa Barbara High School and of the University of Arizona and Westmont College. Shelton is married to Canadian-born actress Lolita Davidovich, who has appeared in several of his films, including taking the title role of Blaze Starr in Blaze. The couple have two children and reside in Los Angeles and Ojai, California. Shelton has two daughters with his first wife, filmmaker Lois Shelton. On July 7, 2017, Shelton was inducted into the Rochester Red Wings Hall of Fame. == Filmography == == As writer/director == Bull Durham (1988) Blaze (1989) White Men Can't Jump (1992) Cobb (1994) Tin Cup (1996) with John Norville Play It to the Bone (1999) Hollywood Homicide (2003) with Robert Souza Jordan Rides the Bus (2010, TV) Hound Dogs (2011, TV) Villa Capri (2017) == As writer only == Under Fire (1983) with Clayton Frohman The Best of Times (1986) Blue Chips (1994) The Great White Hype (1996) with Tony Hendra Bad Boys II (2003) with Jerry Stahl, story credit shared with The Wibberleys == As director only == Dark Blue (2002)1

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Spearhead-class expeditionary fast transport<EOT>1

Spearhead-class expeditionary fast transport

The Spearhead-class Expeditionary Fast Transport (EPF) is a United States Navy-led shipbuilding program to provide "a platform intended to support users in the Department of the Navy and Department of the Army. The Expeditionary Fast Transport (EPF) program is a cooperative effort for a high-speed, shallow draft vessel intended for rapid intratheater transport of medium-sized cargo payloads. The EPF will reach speeds of 35–45 knots (65–83 km/h; 40–52 mph) and will allow for the rapid transit and deployment of conventional or special forces as well as equipment and supplies." The vessels are a part of Military Sealift Command's Sealift Program. The class was previously designated as "Joint High Speed Vessel (JHSV)", but was changed to (EPF) in September 2015.

The Spearhead-class Expeditionary Fast Transport (EPF) is a United States Navy-led shipbuilding program to provide "a platform intended to support users in the Department of the Navy and Department of the Army. The Expeditionary Fast Transport (EPF) program is a cooperative effort for a high-speed, shallow draft vessel intended for rapid intratheater transport of medium-sized cargo payloads. The EPF will reach speeds of 35–45 knots (65–83 km/h; 40–52 mph) and will allow for the rapid transit and deployment of conventional or special forces as well as equipment and supplies." The vessels are a part of Military Sealift Command's Sealift Program. The class was previously designated as "Joint High Speed Vessel (JHSV)", but was changed to (EPF) in September 2015. == Capabilities == The EPF is able to transport U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps company-sized units with their vehicles, or reconfigurable to become a troop transport for an infantry battalion. The EPF has a flight deck for helicopters and a load ramp that will allow vehicles to quickly drive on and off the ship. The ramp is suitable for the types of austere piers and quay walls common in developing countries. EPF has a shallow draft (under 15 feet (4.6 m)). A EPF is essentially an aluminum twin-hull catamaran shell containing four diesel engines, rudimentary control facilities for up to 40 crewmembers, and 312 airline-style passenger seats, along with an expansive flight deck on the top. The rest of the vessel is an empty 20,000 sq ft (1,900 m²) mission bay that can be loaded to carry whatever cargo is needed. Vehicles and cargo are loaded and unloaded by a ramp that can support up to 100 tons of weight. Although designed for a military crew of 46, the ships usually have a crew of just 26 mariners. The passenger room contains reclining seats with overhead televisions and racks for weapons and equipment. A vessel has 104 permanent berthing spaces. Without resupply, it can support 312 embarked personnel for four days, or 104 personnel for 14 days. The design is similar with the Hawaii Superferry, also built by Austal USA. The EPF has a greater level of comfort for the crew than larger Navy ships. The stateroom-style berthing areas for the ship's crew have private features like toilet stalls, outlets, air conditioning, and even thermostats. The same can not be said for the passengers, who may be subjected to "hot racking"-style living arrangements of available berthing bunks if necessary. There is no gym on board, nor soda machines or candy machines. There is no ship's store in the typical Navy sense of the term, but rather the ship's captain may unlock and sell ship's coins and other ship-specific paraphernalia on a case-by-case basis. One disadvantage of the ship's design is stability in rough seas and at high speeds. At 10 knots in calm sea states, the hull can roll up to four degrees to each side, while conventional ships would roll very little, which would increase if the ship goes faster in rougher conditions, raising the possibility of seasickness. To achieve its top speed, the ship has to be traveling in waters not exceeding sea state 3 (waves up to 1.25 m (4.1 ft) high). At sea state 4 it can travel up to 15 knots, travel only 5 knots in sea state 5, and has to hold position in any sea state higher; while this might be seen as an operational limitation that can delay its arrival to port facilities, the ship was intended to operate closer to shore rather than in blue-water conditions. As of late 2014, a EPF costs $180 million to build and has an annual operating cost of $26 million. == Other roles == The U.S. 4th Fleet has expressed interest in using the EPF as a low-cost ship for performing drug interdiction missions around Central and South America. U.S. Southern Command is experiencing a shortage of Coast Guard cutters available to interdict drug runners due to ship age and budget cuts. In May 2013, HSV-2 Swift conducted a drug interdiction patrol, showing that an aluminum catamaran was capable of performing the role. An EPF is capable of embarking a Coast Guard Law Enforcement Detachment (LEDET). The EPF has no weapons or defensive systems to fulfill combat missions, but the Navy is looking to expand its roles to include re-supplying special operations forces and conducting humanitarian assistance missions. Chief of Naval Operations Jonathan Greenert has suggested using the ships as a cheaper way to perform counter-piracy missions to free up blue-water combatants. Offensive armament and defensive measures against pirates would be handled by a security team on board, and an EPF's speed would also be a good defense against an attack by pirates. The Navy is experimenting with using the EPF as a hospital ship by setting up an expeditionary medical unit (EMU) inside the mission bay. Although it wouldn't be able to conduct the same tasks as a full-size hospital ship, large hospital ships are slow, while the EPF can serve as a quick transit platform for rapid medical response. After various tests to explore the EPF's suitability to perform different missions, the ship was found to perform its primary role of intra-theater transport effectively, but had extreme difficulty in carrying out other suggested missions. When performing at-sea transfers of equipment with a Mobile Landing Platform (MLP), the EPF ramp used for vehicle transfers could not effectively intemperate with it in open ocean sea states of 2-3, and was determined to only be able to work in calm sea states found in protected harbors, an unacceptable constraint for operational deployment; the Navy has been aware of the current ramp's limitations and is developing one for use in up to sea states 3-4. When deploying a SEAL Delivery Vehicle (SDV), the EPF's stern-mounted crane could launch it in up to sea state 3 conditions, but support surface craft were needed to get divers into the underwater vehicle, which could only be launched in sea state 2. == Electronic systems == The electronic systems for this class are provided by General Dynamics Mission Systems. As the ship systems integrator, General Dynamics Mission Systems’ open architecture computing infrastructure (OPEN CI) enables the U.S. Navy to rapidly upgrade mission capability. OPEN CI connects proven, innovative hardware and software technology seamlessly and reliably. The infrastructure integrates the ship's electronic systems including; ship's computing environment, internal and external communications, electronic navigation, aviation, and armament systems, remote surveillance system, and entertainment & training system. The General Dynamics OPEN CI is also used on the Independence-class littoral combat ship (LCS), also built by Austal. == Railgun testing == On 7 April 2014, the U.S. Navy announced that a prototype electromagnetic railgun would be installed onto USNS Millinocket (T-EPF-3) for at-sea testing in FY 2016. Though the ships are non-combatants, they were chosen for their available cargo and topside space and schedule flexibility. The Navy then decided to mount the experimental railgun on USNS Trenton (T-EPF-5) instead, but later decided that land-based tests would be cheaper and more useful than temporarily installing it on an EFP. == Amphibious assault == The USMC is investigating changes to the EPF ramp to allow it to place Amphibious Combat Vehicles into the water near the shore. A single EPF could carry and deploy as many as 20-30 ACVs. Marine Corps General John M. Paxton, Jr. has called the EPF "a very capable ship" for certain missions, but in consideration for serving as an alternate platform for Marines to use in amphibious operations as substitutes for amphibious assault ships, he claims several deficiencies including ability to operate in difficult sea states, ability to remain survivable in contested waters, a flight deck that cannot handle the heat of an MV-22 Osprey's engines during take-off and landing, lack of a well deck to launch amphibious vehicles at sea, as well as current lack of a "splash capability" where the ramp can allow vehicles to be driven off it into the sea. The EPF has been rejected as an alternative platform to base the MV-22 off of due to weight and the heat it generates being potentially damaging to its flight deck. == Program == The EPF program combines the Army's Theater Support Vessel (TSV) program (dating from 2004) with the Navy and Marine Corps High Speed Connector (HSC) (requirement dating from 2004). The EPF program received Milestone A approval in May 2006. The Navy awarded Phase One preliminary design contracts in early 2008, and a detail design and construction contract in the 4th Quarter of FY08. The Navy's Program Executive Office, Ships will conduct acquisition for both the Army and Navy, but each service will fund its own ships. After delivery, each service will be responsible for manning, maintaining, and providing full lifecycle support for its vessels. USNS Spearhead, the lead ship in the class, was launched in September 2011, and it is expected to be delivered to the Navy in early 2012. The Navy expected to purchase 23 EPF vessels over 30 years. On 2 May 2011, all Army JHSVs were transferred to the Navy. On 5 December 2012, the first ship in the class, USNS Spearhead, was delivered to Military Sealift Command in Mobile, Alabama. On 30 June 2011, Austal was awarded construction contracts for EPF-6 and EPF-7. On 27 February 2012, Austal was awarded construction contracts for EPF-8 and EPF-9. On 10 December 2012, the Navy awarded its final option under its current contract, and ordered EPF-10. On 5 April 2013, the EPF program was added to the remit of the Littoral Combat Ship Council, so that the capabilities of both ship types could be considered together. In 2014, the USN considered outsourcing the management of the fleet, but concluded that the ships would continue to be manned by civil service mariners. Funding for the construction of an eleventh EPF was appropriated by Congress in the FY 2015 National Defense Authorization Act. The procurement of long-lead-time material and initial engineering support for the Expeditionary Fast Transport (EPF) 12 (formerly Joint High Speed Vessel 12) was announced on 5 May 2016 under the Naval Sea Systems Command's contracting activity (N00024-16-C-2217). On 16 September 2016, Austal was awarded a contract to design and construct EPF-11 and EPF-12. == Ships == == Related/similar projects == The Army and Navy have been operating HSVs for some years, including such notable vessels as; HSV-X1 Joint Venture (joint Army/Navy) HSV-2 Swift (Navy) USAV Spearhead (TSV-X1) (Army) MV Westpac Express (HSV-4676) (Navy) Also of note; USNS Guam (HST-1) (Navy) HST-2 (Navy) Sea Fighter (FSF-1) (Navy) Sea Shadow (IX-529) (Navy) Sea Slice (an experimental HSV) (Navy) == History == In June 2011, a fifty-ton module was damaged at the Austal shipyard in Mobile during the construction of USNS Chocktaw County. In 2013 a Frost & Sullivan report predicted that sales could be made to APAC countries. During operations in 2015, the first ship of the class, USNS Spearhead, experienced bow-damage from rough seas requiring more than a half-million dollars (USD) to repair. It was determined that a design change that Austral recommended to the Navy late in the design phase to save weight has resulted in a weakened bow structure. The first five ships in the class will need to have upgrades done to improve the superstructure, at a cost of $350k-$1.2M each. The remaining ships which are still various stages of construction will require upgrading following construction as well. == Derivatives == == HSSV == In early 2014, Austal announced it had been awarded a $124.9 million contract for two High Speed Support Vessels (HSSV) for a foreign customer, later revealed to be the Royal Navy of Oman. The HSSV has a similar catamaran hull design as the EPF and supports naval operations including helicopter operations, rapid deployment of military personnel and cargo, and search and rescue missions. It is 72.5 m (238 ft) long and can travel at 35 knots. An HSSV has a crew of 69 personnel with 69 berths, can seat another 250, and has a cargo capacity of 320 tonnes (350 short tons). Both are to be delivered by 2016. Austal launched the first HSSV on 31 October 2015 at its Henderson, WA facility. It is RNOV Al Mubshir. The first HSSV was delivered to Oman on 20 May 2016.1

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Barasat<EOT>NOTICE FOR PUJA HOLIDAY THE COLLEGE WILL. . . NOTICE FOR COLLEGE CLOSED The College wi. . . Wbsu circular regarding of examination. . . NOTICE FOR COLLEGE CLOSED. . . Notice for 1st year online admission. . . Notice for 1st year admission. . . BLOOD DONATION CAMP Our College NSS Unit is going to organise a Blood Donation Camp on 21st November. . . formerly Barasat Evening College, started functioning in the year 1972 in a rented premises with a s. . . Barasat College, formerly Barasat Evening College, started functioning in the year 1972 in. . . he College is affiliated to the West Bengal State University, Barasat, Norrh 24 Parganas.. . . I wish to take this opportunity to reach out to the thousands of students willing to take admission to our college and to their guardians to say a few words about “Barasat College”.We, at . . . The objective of the college is to provide, ” Life Centric and job oriented ” quality higher education through a modern multy-faculty college wherein the students can be well taught and tr. . . Barasat College, formerly Barasat Evening College, started functioning in the year 1972 in a rented premises with a small number of students, and with only the Commerce Stream. With sacrifices and ins. . . It automatically generates a web photo album from your photo selection and comes with ready made and customizable gallery templates. You can import photos by selecting them individually or straight. . . <doc-sep> NOTICE FOR COLLEGE CLOSED. . . Notice for 1st year online admission. . . Notice for 1st year admission. . . BLOOD DONATION CAMP Our College NSS Unit is going to organise a Blood Donation Camp on 21st November. . . formerly Barasat Evening College, started functioning in the year 1972 in a rented premises with a s. . . Barasat College, formerly Barasat Evening College, started functioning in the year 1972 in. . . he College is affiliated to the West Bengal State University, Barasat, Norrh 24 Parganas.. . . <doc-sep> Thank you! Your event details are on in . Edit Your message was successfully sent to . The Photographer may contact you soon. 1

Barasat

Barasat (/ˈbɑːrəˌsʌt/, is a suburb in the outskirts of Kolkata, West Bengal India and is the district headquarters of the district North 24 Parganas. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority. The town is an important railway and roadway junction. Barasat is also the name of a sub-division centring the city. As an urban setup in the vicinity of the Kolkata, the town is within the area of Greater Kolkata. Several significant roads like National Highway 34 (Krishnanagar Road leading towards North Bengal), Jessore Road (road leading to Jessore in Bangladesh via Bongaon); road leading to Basirhat etc. cross through the town.

Barasat (/ˈbɑːrəˌsʌt/, is a suburb in the outskirts of Kolkata, West Bengal India and is the district headquarters of the district North 24 Parganas. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority. The town is an important railway and roadway junction. Barasat is also the name of a sub-division centring the city. As an urban setup in the vicinity of the Kolkata, the town is within the area of Greater Kolkata. Several significant roads like National Highway 34 (Krishnanagar Road leading towards North Bengal), Jessore Road (road leading to Jessore in Bangladesh via Bongaon); road leading to Basirhat etc. cross through the town. == History == During the period of Moghuls, Ram Sundar Mitra had got the Laminar at Barasat town. Sankar Chakrabrorty, a commander of Pratapaditya, The king of Jessore (at present in Bangladesh), came to Barasat in 1600, and established himself in Barasat town. In 1700 AD Hazarat Ekdil Shah, the Muslim saint, started residing at Kazipara, Barasat. He was known as a social reformer. His tomb, located in Kazipara, is a pilgrimage place of Muslim community. Pratapaditya had made his way to Kolkata from Jessore and Sirajudoulla had made his way to Kolkata from Murshidabad via Barasat, which are later on converted into two National Highways. During the British Raj, Company officials from Calcutta made Barasat a weekend retreat location. They had made many garden house at various places within Barasat town. Warren Hastings had made his Villa in the heart of Barasat town. Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, the renowned Author, was the first Indian Deputy Magistrate of this town. Indigo cultivation was a major business in and around the town. The indigo merchants were known for their inhuman treatment of the farmers. Titumir, a farmer, had declared revolution against indigo merchants in Barasat. Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar, Pyari Charan Sarkar, Kalikrishna Mitra were known for undertaking several social reformative actions in Barasat, including development of education, along with women education and widow marriage. In the early nineteenth century, there was a college in Barasat called Barasat Cadet College, for the training of new recruits and cadets who arrived from Europe for the first time to India. The college was shut down in 1811. From 1834 to 1861, Barasat was the seat of a joint-magistrate, known as "Barasat District". In 1861, the joint magistracy was abolished, and the Barasat District became a sub-division of the Twenty-four Parganas district. At present it is the district headquarters of North 24 Parganas district. == Geography == Barasat is located in the Ganges Brahmaputra delta region in the district of North 24 parganas, West Bengal state in the eastern India. The Bangladesh border - at Petrapole is situated about 70/ 80 km from the city. The average altitude is 11 metres. No notable river flows by the city. The nearest one is Ganges itself — about 15 km to the west. The city is in the Gangetic plain lacking any hills. Barasat is 22 km from Sealdah Station on the Sealdah–Bangaon branch line. It is at one end of the Barasat-Basirhat-Hasnabad branch line of Eastern Railway. == Climate == The climate is tropical — like the rest of the Gangetic West Bengal. The hallmark is the Monsoon — from early June to mid September. The weather remains dry during the winter (mid November to mid February) and humid during summer. Temperature :40 °C in May(Max) and 10 °C in January(Min) Relative Humidity: Between 55% in March & 98% in July Rainfall: 1,579mm(Normal) == Economy == An important trade centre for rice, legumes, sugarcane, potatoes, and coconuts, cotton weaving is the major industry in Barasat. The proximity to Kolkata helps residents commute daily to Kolkata. == Administration == == Barasat Municipality == Barasat Municipality was established on 1 April 1869 but up to 1882, it did not have any independent existence. Like other offices it was controlled by Magistrate Office, during that time there was no Chairman of the municipality, Magistrate was the Controller of municipality. Later on after 1882 Barasat Municipality had got its own formation as an autonomous body and became local government. Barasat Association, a citizens organisation, had help Barasat Municipality by donating land for the construction of municipal building. Total Barasat municipal area divided into 29 nos. of Mouzas. Previously, there were 4 nos. of Wards and after that 18 nos. of Wards under Barasat Municipality. Later on after amalgamating surrounding Panchayets within Barasat Municipality in 1995 and then after, at present Barasat Municipality has 32 nos. of Wards. In the year 2015, just before municipal election number of ward increased to 35. == Barasat District Court == District Court handle all kind of local and national cases. == Zilla Parishad (District Council) == The Zilla Parishad of North 24 Parganas came into existence on 26 June 1986 due to bifurcation of erstwhile 24 Parganas district with respect to North South divide on geographical pattern. This is the highest tire of three tire Panchayati Raj system having its headquarters at Barasat. It has six riverine Panchayat Samities in Sundarban region having saline tract on one side and a rich alluvial tracts of river Ichhamati Basin and industrial belt of Barrackpore on the other side. Its territorial jurisdiction is structured up to the International Border of Bangladesh along the eastern side. Shri Sanjay Bansal, IAS took over the charge of District Magistrate & Collector, North 24 Parganas on 19 August 2011. == Major City Points == Champadali More: This is a major city centre where the NH35 is divided by Jessore Road and Bashirhat Road. Different bus route's buses are available from here. Colony More: This is a junction of Krishna Nagar highway and Barrackpore Highway road connected to city of joy. DuckBanglow More: This also another junction of Jessore road and Krishnanagar Highway. == Transport == Barasat town is well connected with roads to Kolkata, North Bengal, Bangladesh and other towns of West Bengal while many of these routes originates from Barasat Bus Terminal. The two nos. of National Highways (NH 34 & NH 35) and one no of State Highway (SH 2) run through Barasat town, Barasat is also well connected by railway with Sealdah, Bongaon and Basirhat. == Road == From Kolkata barasat can be reached by two ways. Either take VIP Road (Najrul Islam Sarani) off Ultadanga (V.I.P.Crossing) to reach Airport Gate No. 1 and take right to Jessore Road (National Highway 34) or from Shyambazar via Jessore Road off Nagerbazar to reach the same Airport Gate No.1 and head straight to Barasat. Barasat is 8 kilometres straight drive from this crossing. Barasat is a major roadway junction. The NH 12 (initially under the name Krishnanagar Road) goes towards north ultimately to the North Bengal and is the major link between Calcutta and the North-East India. The Jessore Road (NH 112) leads to Bongaon and ultimately to the Bangladesh border at Petrapole. The Taki Road leads to Basirhat, Hasnabad and Taki via Berachampa. The Barrackpore Road links National Highway 112 at Barasat with Kalyani Expressway and Barrackpore. Barasat Bus Routes : Click Here == Rail == Barasat Junction is the railway station, on Bongaon line of Sealdah Station (North Section). This junction is where Bongaon line and Hasnabad-Basirhat line of Kolkata Suburban Railway get separated. The Barasat - Basirhat Railway line was originally run by Martin's Light Railways. Now it is a section (BT-HNB section) under Sealdah division of Eastern Railways. Hridaypur (Sealdah-Bongaon line) & Kazipara(Barasat-Hasnabad line) are the other railway stations under the area of Barasat Municipality.Currently a Metro railway line is under construction which is basically an extension of Kolkata Metro. == Air == Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport is about 11 kilometres from Barasat city. There are Domestic and International terminals separately for domestic and international flights towards different part of the world. == Demographics == As of 2001 India census, Barasat had a population of 237,783. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Barasat has an average literacy rate of 77%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; 54% of the literates are male and 46% are female. 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. Population of Barasat–I CD Block was 249,625 according to 2001 census, with a population density of 2,223 persons per square km. Barasat–II CD Block had a population of 239,699 in 2001 census, with a population density of 1,480 persons per square km. == Culture == The culture milieu in Barasat reflects the usual culturel characteristics of similar small towns in Bengal. The educated middle-class community continues to perpetuate the Bengali cultural manifestations like drama, recitation, classical music, songs and dances, while young Turks take a rather revolutionary stand and let out their feeling in the form of minor little magazines and socially relevant functions like health check up camps etc. In Barasat some religious ashrams like the ashrams of Pranabananda, Prabhu Jagadbandhu, Shibananda Dham, Shankar Moth O Mission, Sree Sree Yogashram, Hazarat Ekdil Shah Darga etc. are located.Several Christian Churches are also noticed here.The Assembly of God Church is a famous one situated on the NH34. The cultural diversity has increased over the years with people coming from different parts of the state as well as neighbouring Bangladesh. An annual fair held in honour of a Muslim saint, Hazrat Ekdil Shah is attended by both Muslims and Hindus, since hundreds of years. Kalipuja is a very important event in Barasat. All the communities join this occasion together. Kalipuja is organised by different clubs of Barasat. Rabindra Bhavan is a cultural building made by West Bengal state cultural department on Jessore road. Different cultural event and activities are organised throughout the year. == Education == The town's schools are either run by the state government or by private organisations. Schools mainly use English or Bengali as the medium of instruction. The schools are affiliated with the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE), or the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education. Under the 10+2+3 plan, after completing their secondary education, students typically enroll in a school with a higher secondary facility affiliated with West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education, Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) or the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE). Students usually choose from one of three streams — liberal arts, commerce, or science, though vocational streams are also available. Upon completing the required coursework, students may enrol in general or professional degree programmed. == Schools == Noapara Rashbehari Institution For Girls Barasat Peary Charan Sarkar Government High School Barasat Mahatma Gandhi Memorial High School Purba Barasat Adarsha Vidyapith Nabapally Boys' High School Kalikrishna Girls' High School Barasat Kali Krishna Girls' High School Barasat Indira Gandhi Memorial High School The Central Modern School Barasat Satya Bharati Vidya Pith Kalyani Public School Banamalipur Priyanath Institution Banamalipur Santosh Bhattacharya Memorial High School Kazipara Hazarat Ekdil Shah Higher Secondary School Ashwinipalli High School Nabapally Jogendranath Balika Vidyamandir Binapani Vidyaniketan. Auxilium Convent School Aditya Academy (Senior Secondary) Little Angels Convent School Barasat Vivekananda Adarsha Vidyapith Gustia K N High School Barasat Girls' High School Camellia School Of Engineering And Technology == Colleges/University == Colleges: Barasat Government College,10 K.N.C. Road, Barasat, Kolkata-124 Barasat College, previously Evening College, I, Kalyani Road, Barasat, 24- Paraganas, RKVM Sarada Ma Girls College, Bakul bone, Talikhola, Kanapukur. Barasat's first girls' college. Brainware Group of Institutions, an Engineering & Management College affiliated to West Bengal University of Technology and approved by AICTE. Adamas Institute of Technology, an Engineering College affiliated to West Bengal University of Technology and approved by AICTE. Camellia School Of Engineering & Technology, an Engineering college affiliated to West Bengal University of Technology. Kingston Educational Institute, a Polytechnic, Law, Management & Science College, affiliated to WBUT University: West Bengal State University, created out of University of Calcutta in 2008. All colleges of North 24 Parganas, which were former affiliated to University of Calcutta is affiliated to this university now. Adamas University, created out of Adamas University (under West Bengal Act IV of 2014) in 2014 with an sprawling green campus extending over 100 acres. The university is providing higher education in the following areas:School of Engineering and Technology, School of Science, School of Social Science, School of Law and Justice, School of Economics and Commerce, School of Management, School of Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Technology == Private Institute == Animation, Visual Effects(Vfx), Web & Graphic Designing, Game Designing and Digital Film Making: Rebus Animation & Compositing Academy ( Academy Web Site ), Near Barasat Colony More, Kolkata - 700126, == Media == Newspapers and magazines: Some small local newspapers and magazines (Review Preview, Muktijodhya, Sabujer Abhijan etc.) are there. However the scenario is dominated by the media of Kolkata. Bengali language newspapers like Anandabazar Patrika, Aajkaal, Bartaman, Sangbad Pratidin and Ganashakti are widely circulated. Regional and national English newspapers such as The Telegraph, The Statesman, Asian Age, Hindustan Times and The Times of India are available. Radio: Kolkata's radio stations are available here. Eleven local FM stations: AIR Kolkata (FM Rainbow & FM Gold), Radio Mirchi (98.3 MHz), Red FM (93.5 MHz), Aamar FM (106.2 MHz), Gyan Vani (105.4 MHz), Fever FM(104 MHz), Radio One(94.3 MHz), Oye FM(104.8 MHz), Big FM(92.7 MHz) and Power FM (107.8 MHz) are available. Television: The state-owned television broadcaster Doordarshan provides two free terrestrial channels, while MSO provide a mix of Bengali, Hindi, English and other regional channels via cable. == Sports == Football (soccer) is the passion of the citizens. Cricket is also played with great fanfare. Besides Indian sports like Kabbadi, kho-kho are also played. The Barasat Stadium holds some matches of the Kolkata football league and also several district-level, state-level and, infrequently, national level tournaments of several games like volleyball, soccer etc. Barasat Sub-Division Sports Association is established in the year 1940. There are 24 clubs fully affiliated 15 clubs are affiliated sectionally. == Healthcare == The North 24 Parganas District Hospital (Barasat State General Hospital) is the major healthcare facility in Barasat. Barasat Cancer Research and Welfare Center is a treatment as well as research facility for cancer patients. Barasat also have several privately operated nursing homes and hospital. == Notable Persons == Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was the deputy Magistrate of 24 Parganas in the 19th century. Lieut Charles Paton arrived in India 9 October 1810 as a cadet for training in The cadet institution of Barasat under The East India Company, later on in his career he became the Junior Commissioner of Arrakan Province, West Burma. Charles Paton contributed to "Historical and Statistical Sketch of Aracan" to ASIATIC RESEARCHES XVI (1828): 353-381. Sir Graves Haughton He first gained cadetship in the year 1808 and attained his first commission on 13 March 1810 from The cadet institution of Barasat. He was exceptional at learning Indian (Hindustani) languages and received the sword of merit and a cash award; which was the highest form of honour from the institution at Barasat. He was among the first responders of the permit to study regional languages in the college of Fort William at Calcutta, and there he received seven medals, three degrees of honour, and various financial awards for proficiency in Arabic, Persian, Hindustani(Hindi), Sanskrit, and Bengali. He went on to become a Lieutenant, a celebrated orientalist, a Knight of The Royal Guelphic Order, a member of the Asiatic society and a published author.1

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Kevin Martin (basketball)<EOT>Crean went 166-135 in nine seasons at IU, including a 71-91 record in the Big Ten, but that record includes an absolute rebuild job at the start. The Hoosiers made history this season, becoming the first team to beat two eventual No. 1 seeds in non-conference play but go on to miss the Big Dance. Indiana was beset by injuries, including the loss of projected first-round pick OG Anunoby . Crean lost the fan base in Bloomington in recent years, but his reputation as a coaching tactician is held in high regard. He'll land on his feet at a solid job. Underwood is replacing John Groce at Illinois Fighting Illini . Had he been given contract renegotiation options sooner, he would still be in Stillwater. Wade is an intriguing hire in Baton Rouge. LSU Tigers is the sleeping giant in the SEC. The Tigers opt to go young, as Wade is 34. LSU's job is one with incredible potential, meaning Wade will have to recruit like he never has before in order to keep pace in an SEC that has a lot of big-time coaching talent. Wade is the latest to leave VCU Rams for a traditional Big Six job, following in the footsteps of Jeff Capel ( Oklahoma Sooners ), Anthony Grant ( Alabama Crimson Tide ) and Shaka Smart ( Texas Longhorns ). Wade coached at VCU the past two years, getting the Rams to the NCAAs each time. He has a 91-45 career record as a coach; he previously coached at Chattanooga Mocs for two years. Wade cut his teeth as an assistant at VCU for Smart before returning to Richmond Spiders . Martin spent three years with the Golden Bears before leaving for Missouri Tigers . He went to the 2016 NCAA Tournament and lost as a No. 4 seed in the first round. Martin has held three previous positions as head coach, spending three years at all three schools ( Missouri State Bears , Tennessee Volunteers , Cal). He has made two NCAA Tournaments in nine years, highlighted by a Sweet 16 appearance with Tennessee in 2014. Sources told CBS Sports' Gary Parrish that South Florida Bulls athletic director Mark Harland viewed Gregory as a good candidate -- after former Akron/current Duquesne Keith Dambrot reportedly passed on the job -- because of his lengthy experience. Gregory has been a head coach for 13 years, previously at Dayton and Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets . South Florida's previous attempt to hire a coach, three years ago, failed miserably. First, the school was set to hire Manhattan's Steve Masiello, but inaccurate information on his résumé (regarding having acquired a college degree) led the school to backtrack. Gregory took Dayton to the NCAA Tournament twice in his eight years there, then went o-fer in five seasons at Georgia Tech. He was fired in 2016. Gregory takes the job after working as a special assistant for Tom Izzo at Michigan State Spartans . Moore cut his teeth as an assistant under Jim Calhoun at Connecticut Huskies . At Quinnipiac Bobcats , he often had good talent but seldom was able to turn that into March success. The Bobcats won at least 11 league games four times under Moore but never made the NCAA Tournament. QU could be a highly coveted low-major job, as the school is reportedly prepared to pay as much as $800,000 per year if it can land its dream target. 1

Kevin Martin (basketball)

Kevin Dallas Martin Jr. (born February 1, 1983) is an American former professional basketball player who played 12 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for Western Carolina University, where in his junior year, he averaged 24.9 points per game, which ranked second in the nation. After three years at Western Carolina, he entered the 2004 NBA draft and was selected with the 26th overall pick by the Sacramento Kings.

Kevin Dallas Martin Jr. (born February 1, 1983) is an American former professional basketball player who played 12 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for Western Carolina University, where in his junior year, he averaged 24.9 points per game, which ranked second in the nation. After three years at Western Carolina, he entered the 2004 NBA draft and was selected with the 26th overall pick by the Sacramento Kings. == Early life == Martin was born in Zanesville, Ohio, to Kevin Sr. and Marilyn Martin. He grew up idolizing Michael Jordan. He played for Zanesville High School and was fourth in the voting for Ohio Mr. Basketball as a Senior, finishing behind the first Sophomore winner LeBron James. == College career == He received a full scholarship to Western Carolina University, where he majored in sports management. On November 22, 2002, Martin scored a college career-high 46 points in a loss against Coastal Carolina. On November 21, 2003, Martin scored 44 points in a loss against Georgia. He ranks fourth all-time on Western Carolina's scoring list with 1,838 points. Martin averaged 23.3 points, 4.5 rebounds and 1.7 assists per game during his three years in college. == Professional career == Martin was a standout while at Western Carolina. Due to his success, he was selected by the Sacramento Kings with the 26th overall pick in the 2004 NBA draft. == Sacramento Kings (2004–2010) == In the 2004–05 season, Martin averaged 2.9 points, 1.3 rebounds and 0.5 assists per game, and played sparingly, averaging just 10 minutes a game. Martin showed much improvement the following year, averaging 10.8 points, 3.6 rebounds, and 1.3 assists. Martin also started from time to time during the 2005–06 season in part by the injury of Bonzi Wells. This included a start at small forward due to Ron Artest being suspended for Game Two of the team's first-round playoff series against the San Antonio Spurs following a flagrant foul (elbow to the head) on Manu Ginóbili. He is best known in that series for making the game winning buzzer beater in Game 3 in Sacramento that gave the Kings a 1–2 series against the Spurs. His shot was also over the San Antonio Spurs' Tim Duncan. When interviewed on a segment by TNT during a game, Martin credited Doug Christie for helping him learn how to defend in the NBA. Likewise, Martin also credited Cuttino Mobley for helping him with his shooting. Martin played behind both guards during their tenure with the Kings. In the general managers' survey at the start of the 2006–07 NBA season, Martin tied for second as the player most likely to have a breakout campaign, behind the Orlando Magic's Dwight Howard. During the 2006–07 season, Kevin Martin proved himself to be among the top scorers in the NBA, averaging 20.2 points per game, while averaging 4.3 rebounds and 2.2 assists, all career highs. He is also one of the best shooters in the league with a 47.3% shooting percentage from the field and 38.1% from beyond the three-point arc (along with 84.4% FT shooting). Kevin finished second to Monta Ellis in the NBA Most Improved Player Award. Ellis edged Martin by three points in the closest voting in the award's history. On March 17, 2007, Martin led the Kings to a 95-83 road win over the Orlando Magic and joined Nate Archibald as the only other player in NBA history to score at least 20 points in a game with only one field goal made. Martin tallied 20 points on 1-8 FG from the field (1-1 3pt) while knocking down 17-20 FT from the foul line. On August 28, 2007, the Sacramento Kings and Martin agreed to a 5-year, $55 million deal. Martin got off to a fast start to the NBA season, while in the first 15 games was the NBA's leading scorer with 29.6 PPG. Martin finished the season 6th in the NBA in scoring at 23.7 PPG, 4.5 RPG, 2.1 APG and averaging 45% from the court and 40% from three point range. However, he missed 17 games due to a groin injury. Also during the year, on March 7, 2008, Martin scored 48 points in a loss against the Minnesota Timberwolves. Martin became the leader of the team following the Ron Artest trade during the offseason. He started the season strong, however he suffered an ankle injury which kept him out 15 games. He returned, but re-aggravated his injury shortly thereafter. After returning again, he helped the Kings snap a 6-game losing streak. Martin averaged 24.6 points per game during the remainder of the season, including an overtime loss on April 1, 2009 against the Golden State Warriors, in which he scored a career-high 50 points and became the first King to score 50-plus since Chris Webber in 2001. On November 2, 2009 Martin scored 48 points including 7-10 from three-point range to lead the Kings to an overtime victory over the Memphis Grizzlies. == Houston Rockets (2010–2012) == Martin was traded during the 2009-10 season to the Houston Rockets on February 18, 2010 as part of a three-way trade including the New York Knicks and the Sacramento Kings. In his debut as a Rocket, Martin scored just 3-16 from the field, but 8-9 from the line, ending the game with 14 points, in a 125–115 loss to the Indiana Pacers. On April 12, in his first game back in Sacramento's Arco Arena, Martin scored 39 points, scoring 11 of 20, making all 16 of his foul shot attempts. On December 11, 2010, Martin scored 40 points in a 110–95 win against the Cleveland Cavaliers and went on to score a season-high 45 points in a loss against the Portland Trail Blazers on January 5, 2011. By the end of the season he averaged 23.5 points per game in 32 minutes per game. Martin shot .383 at the three-point line, and he was also near .900 from free throw range. Martin averaged 7.4 made free throws per game, second in the NBA to only Kevin Durant. After commissioner David Stern, acting as owner of the New Orleans Hornets at the time, vetoed a three-team deal involving the Rockets and the Los Angeles Lakers that would have sent Martin, Luis Scola, Goran Dragić, and Lamar Odom to New Orleans, he stayed with Houston for the lockout-shortened season. Martin suffered a shoulder injury on February 2. He tried to play through the injury but ended up re-aggravating the injury when he ran into a screen against the Cleveland Cavaliers on March 11. An MRI revealed a labral tear in his right shoulder, and he missed the rest of the season. With new rules regarding foul calls, in addition to playing injured, Martin's numbers dropped, averaging just 17.1 points per game, the worst in his career as a full-time starter. While he was still able to make a high percentage of his free throws, he only got to the line about half as much as the previous season. == Oklahoma City Thunder (2012–2013) == On October 27, 2012, Martin was traded along with Jeremy Lamb and three future draft picks to the Oklahoma City Thunder for James Harden, Daequan Cook, Lazar Hayward, and Cole Aldrich. In game six of the Western Conference Quarterfinals, Martin scored 25 points in a 103-94 win, as the Thunder eliminated his former team the Houston Rockets. == Minnesota Timberwolves (2013–2016) == On July 2, 2013, it was reported Martin had agreed to sign a four-year, $28 million contract with the Minnesota Timberwolves. Martin reportedly also received interest from the Oklahoma City Thunder, New Orleans Pelicans, and Milwaukee Bucks. On July 11, 2013, he was officially acquired by the Timberwolves as part of a three-team trade involving the Thunder and the Bucks. On November 3, 2013, Martin scored 30 points including 5-5 three pointers as the Timberwolves defeated the New York Knicks. On November 25, 2014, Martin was sidelined for six to eight weeks after undergoing surgery to repair a fracture in his right wrist. On March 1, 2016, Martin was waived by the Timberwolves in a buyout agreement. == San Antonio Spurs (2016) == On March 9, 2016, Martin signed with the San Antonio Spurs. His best effort as a Spur came on April 8, 2016, when he scored 17 points against the Denver Nuggets. Martin's final appearance came on May 12, 2016 in the Spurs' loss to the Oklahoma City Thunder in Game 6 of the Western Conference semi-finals; he recorded two rebounds in just under six minutes off the bench. == Retirement == On November 24, 2016, Martin announced his retirement from the NBA. == Player profile == Standing at six feet, seven inches tall and weighing in at 199 pounds, Martin plays the shooting guard position. With a career points per game average of 18.0 (as of the 2014–15 season), he has established himself as one of the most efficient scorers in the NBA. Despite his unorthodox shooting stroke and skinny frame, he makes significant contributions offensively. He is also known for his quickness. Martin goes to the free throw line frequently and shoots a great percentage; he led the NBA in free throws made in 2010–11. He is considered an average defender who has good awareness but lacks strength. In a 2010 interview, Reggie Miller was asked which NBA players remind him of his own playing style, Reggie said "Game-Wise I would say Richard Hamilton and Kevin Martin. Thin, great coming off screens, can knock down treys." == NBA career statistics == == Regular season == == Playoffs == == Personal life == In 2007, Martin traveled to Johannesburg, South Africa to participate in the Basketball Without Borders Program and Habitat for Humanity. In June 2010, Kevin Martin volunteered to donate money to pay for the funeral of Kasey King-Thomas, a six-year-old boy who died in a school bus accident near Martin’s hometown. Martin also voiced his support for an Ohio law requiring seat belts in school buses. Kevin Martin married Jill Arnold on July 15, 2011, in Clearwater Beach, Florida.1

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Rawatbhata<EOT>Rawatbhata is a town and a municipality in Chittorgarh district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is 50 km from the nearest city Kota. Rawatbhata is connected to the major routes in country through Kota . <doc-sep> Sorry, this partner no longer has rooms available on TripAdvisor. Please visit one of our 0 partner sites to see rooms from . 1

Rawatbhata

Rawatbhata is a town and a municipality in kota Chittorgarh district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is 50 km from the nearest city Kota. Rawatbhata is connected to the major routes in country through Kota .

Rawatbhata is a town and a municipality in kota Chittorgarh district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is 50 km from the nearest city Kota. Rawatbhata is connected to the major routes in country through Kota . == Etymology == It is called Rawatbhata because of Rawat Meenas a clan of Meena. == Geography == Rawatbhata is located at 24.93°N 75.58°E. It has an average elevation of 325 metres (1066 feet). == Demographics == As of the India census, Rawatbhata had a population of 37,701. Males constitute 51.8% of the population and females 48.2%. Rawatbhata has an average literacy rate of 85.82%, higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 92.19%, and female literacy is 79.01%. In Rawatbhata, 12.27% of the population is under 6 years of age.The place is mainly dominated by gujjars. In 1960s, due to the location of this remote place on Chambal river and least resistance by local tribal communities, this place was chosen for building nuclear power plant with support from Canadian-based AECL. == Schools == Atomic Energy Education Society runs Atomic Energy Central School No.2 ( classes Pre- Prep to 10th ){CBSE-English Medium }, Atomic Energy Central School No.3 {classes Pre- Prep to 12th -Arts & commerce CBSE-Eng only ( Pre-Prep to VI ) & Eng-Hindi ( VII to XII ) both media }[www.aecs3rbt.in]and Atomic Energy Central School No.4 ( classes Pre-Prep to 12th - Science : CBSE- English Medium ) In 1993 Atomic Energy Central School No.1 was merged in School No. 3. But these schools get admit those students whose parent is in Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) and other central government departments. There are two (1 boys & 1 girls ) state government senior secondary schools, 2 sec schools, 2 upper primary(middle)boys, 0 upper primary (middle) girls, 5 primary schools and 1 Sanskrit education ( Secondary ) school and a co-ed college (arts & comm stream only ). At present the college Maharana Pratap college (affiliated to Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur) is run by a local committee (rawatbhata education society ). Government Senior Secondary School, Rawatbhata is the biggest higher secondary school in the local region. Other than these, there are Bal Mandir Sec School, Shri Guru Teg Bahadur Education Center (SGTBEC) Gurudwara School, Adarsh Vidhya Mandir, Shri Ram Sec School, New Aadarsh Vidya Niketan Sec School, Oxford Academy, Mahavir Shishu Mandir, Shabd Pratap Middle School, Alpha English Middle School, Modern Public Sec. School, Smart Kids English Primary school, New Dimension Public School and Saint Paul Secondary school. == Hospital, Petrol pump, bank & post Office == There is a 100-bed hospital for employees of AECS, NPCIL,HWPK,BARC RAPCOFF & Other DAE Units. New building of community healthcare centre has been dedicated by NPCIL to state government as a commitment towards providing better healthcare facilities to the people residing in the nearby areas. There is one motor vehicle fuel station available in the town in private secter and other one is departmental ( DAE ). There are 1 branches of SBBJ & BOB each,1 branch of ICICI,Axis, Bandhan Bank, BOB-Gramin & co-operative bank each. There are 3 P O's at Vikram Nagar, Anu Kiran & Baazaar. And one Post Office Franchisee at New Market. == Places of interest == == Rana Pratap Sagar Dam == Rana Pratap Sagar Dam on Chambal River is located near the town. The dam has power generation capability. It also supports a road connecting Rawatbhata to a nearby township，Vikram Nagar located on a picturesque small hill. On the top of the hill there is a large metal statue of Maharana Pratap,which is a perfect place to look at the city during the evening. The Rana pratap sagar dam or the RPS dam as it is called is one among the four consequent dams constructed on the chambal river which are namely Gandhi sagar dam, Rana pratap sagar dam(RPS), Jawahar sagar dam and the Kota barrage, former 3 have electricity generation capacity while Kota barrage is for irrigation purpose The Rana pratap sagar dam facilitates fishing activities in its nearby villages and is also responsible for giving water to the Rajasthan Atomic Power Plant for generation of electricity == Baroli temples == The Baroli Temples at nearby Baroli village to the north are one of the oldest temple complexes (in Rajasthan. The chief architect of the Baroli temples was from Kakinada. == Bhainsrorgarh Fort == Another place of interest is The Bhainsrorgarh Fort overlooking the Chambal River. To its west is the Brahmani River joining the Chambal. The Fort Palace has been converted into a Heritage Hotel, which has been rated as one of the best Heritage Hotels in India. The property has 5 Suites and 4 Deluxe Rooms. The location of the fort is one of the best in India. It sits on the edge of a cliff 200 feet above the Chambal River. You can visit the website of Bhainsrorgarh Fort at www.bhainsrorgarh.com == Nuclear Power Stations == Nuclear power generating facilities Rajasthan Atomic Power Station UNIT-1 is operated by DAE, Rajasthan Atomic Power Station UNIT-2 to 6, operated by Nuclear Power Corporation of India is located at Rawatbhata. Heavy water plant (under Heavy Water Board, Department Of Atomic Energy) is also located at Rawatbhata. On 23 June 2012, in the nuclear power plant, two of the 38 workers, during annual maintenance work received higher levels of radiation from radioactive tritium. Presently there are 6 units are operating and 2 units are under construction of 700 MW(e)(RAPP-7&8) each. == Kalakhet and RAPP / HWP Colonies == A nearby orchard Kalakhet is a place worth visiting. The town is located in the lap of Aravallis. The colonies of the RAPP and HWP are well developed namely Vikram Nagar Township, Anu Asha, Anu Deep, Anu Chaya, Anu Kiran, Anu Pratap, Anu Tara and ANU BHAGYA respectively. == Parajhar == Parajhar is a nearby waterfall. The underground water flowing in caves has carved statues and figures on the stones in the cave. Many people have died due to accidents near the waterfall. It is near to village called Parajhar gaon. This place is also known for historic cave-temple of Lord Shiv. During Mahashivratri a large festival is organised here. water-fall and green surrounding is the attraction for peoples. == Saddle Dam == Not to forget, Saddle dam which is the most common picnic spot for locals.It is a non gated, stone and mud dam to direct the water towards the main Rana pratap sagar dam and away from some villages, the catchment area of this dam fosters crocodiles and alligators and creates a picturesque scene during the monsoons. == Chuliya Fall == Chuliya fall is a waterfall where are two waterfalls and is a good place for picnic near to CISF colony. == Neem Khera Farms == A beautiful picnic spot on the banks of river Chambal and lush green valleys of Aravalli. Horse riding and Boating for people. This farm is situated 1 km from Famous Baroli Temples towards Chambal riverside. The farm also boasts of orange and guava plantations. == Geparnath falls and Temple == A beauty to watch and experience after the first showers of monsoon, Geparnath can be reached by road getting diverted from Rawatbhata-Kota road almost 20 km from Kota. One huge and a series of small falls welcome you in the arms of nature with picturesque topography and heart-melting greenery amidst the ear-soothing sound of the falls. == Notable people from Rawatbhata == Shreya Ghoshal (Indian Playback Singer)1

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Lubrza, Opole Voivodeship<EOT>1

Lubrza, Opole Voivodeship

Lubrza [ˈlubʐa] (German: Leuber) is a village in Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Lubrza. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) east of Prudnik and 43 km (27 mi) south-west of the regional capital Opole. It had a population of 965 in December 2013.

Lubrza [ˈlubʐa] (German: Leuber) is a village in Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Lubrza. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) east of Prudnik and 43 km (27 mi) south-west of the regional capital Opole. It had a population of 965 in December 2013. == Name == The village has had numerous names in its history. It was named Lubra by its founder, and over the next few centuries was known as Lubrac, Lubrzi and Leuber (in that order.) Leuber being the German name for the village, it kept that name until it became part of Poland in 1946, Switching to its current name of Lubrza. == History == The village was first mentioned in the will of the founder of the village, dated 1233. For the next few centuries, there were a few scattered references to the village, often under different names. Over all this time, Lubrza had been ruled by the Piast dynasty, first as part of Poland then part of the Duchies of Silesia, but the Duchies were no more than a vassal to the neighbouring Kingdom of Bohemia. It was taken by the Habsburg Monarchy in 1526, Only to be taken by Prussia in 1742 in the Silesian Wars. After the Franco-Prussian wars and the creation of a unified Germany, Lubrza became part of the German Empire. The Soviet Red Army occupied the village in 1945, and it became part of Poland when the new German borders were set out the year after (see Territorial changes of Poland after World War II).1

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Port Laoise<EOT>1

Port Laoise

Port Laoise, or Portlaoise (Irish [pˠɔɾˠt̪ˠˈl̪ˠiːʃə], anglicised /pɔːrtˈliːʃ/), is a town in Ireland. It is located in Co. Laois in the South Midlands in the province of Leinster. With a population of 22,050 , it is the most populous and also the most densely populated County Town in the Midlands Region, which has a total population of 292,301 at the 2016 census. The 2016 census shows that the town's population increased by 9.5% to 22,050, which is well above the national average of 3.8%. This also makes it the fastest growing of the top 20 largest towns in Ireland. It was an important town in the medieval period, as the site of the Fort of Maryborough, a Fort built by English settlers in the 16th Century. Portlaoise is fringed by the Slieve Bloom mountains to the west and north-west and the Great Heath of Maryborough to the east. It is notable for its architecture, engineering and transport connections. On the national road network, Portlaoise is located 80 km (49 miles) south-west from Dublin on the N7/M7, 170 km (105 miles) north-east from Cork on the M8/M7 and 113 km (70 miles) east of Limerick on the M7. It was once famous for the manufacture of iron and steel buildings, tennis balls, rubber seals and electrical cabling. Today Portlaoise is a commercial centre, with the economy dominated by the service sector, and an important retail, transport, events and conference hub.

Port Laoise, or Portlaoise (Irish [pˠɔɾˠt̪ˠˈl̪ˠiːʃə], anglicised /pɔːrtˈliːʃ/), is a town in Ireland. It is located in Co. Laois in the South Midlands in the province of Leinster. With a population of 22,050 , it is the most populous and also the most densely populated County Town in the Midlands Region, which has a total population of 292,301 at the 2016 census. The 2016 census shows that the town's population increased by 9.5% to 22,050, which is well above the national average of 3.8%. This also makes it the fastest growing of the top 20 largest towns in Ireland. It was an important town in the medieval period, as the site of the Fort of Maryborough, a Fort built by English settlers in the 16th Century. Portlaoise is fringed by the Slieve Bloom mountains to the west and north-west and the Great Heath of Maryborough to the east. It is notable for its architecture, engineering and transport connections. On the national road network, Portlaoise is located 80 km (49 miles) south-west from Dublin on the N7/M7, 170 km (105 miles) north-east from Cork on the M8/M7 and 113 km (70 miles) east of Limerick on the M7. It was once famous for the manufacture of iron and steel buildings, tennis balls, rubber seals and electrical cabling. Today Portlaoise is a commercial centre, with the economy dominated by the service sector, and an important retail, transport, events and conference hub. == History == The site where the present town is situated is referred to in the Annals of the Four Masters as Port Laoighisi during the 16th century. The present town originated as a settlement around the old fort, "Fort of Leix" or "Fort Protector", the remains of which can still be seen in the town centre. Its construction began in 1548 under the supervision of the then Lord Deputy Sir Edward Bellingham in an attempt to secure English control in the county following the exile of native Celtic chieftains the previous year. The fort's location on rising ground, surrounded to the south and east by the natural defensive barricades of the River Triogue and an esker known locally as 'the Ridge', greatly added to its strategic importance. The town proper was established by an act of Parliament during the reign of Queen Mary in 1557. Though the early fort and its surrounding settlement had been known by a number of names, such as Governor, Port Laois, Campa and Fort Protector, the new town was named Maryborough (IPA [ˈmarbrə]) and the county was named Queen's County in Mary's honour. In about 1556, Portlaoise acquired its first parish church—Old St Peter's—situated to the west of Fort Protector. Although first built as a Catholic church, thanks to Queen Mary's reestablishment of Roman Catholicism, the church was used for Protestant services after the accession to the English throne of Mary's half-sister, Elizabeth. The area had been a focus of the rebellion of Ruairí Óg Ó Mórdha, a local chieftain who had rebelled and had lost his lands, which the Crown wanted to be settled by reliable landowners. For the next fifty or so years, the new English settlers in Maryborough fought a continual, low-scale war with the Gaelic chieftains who fought against the new settlement. The town was burnt several times by the end of the sixteenth century. Portlaoise was granted a market in 1567, and then in 1570, a charter of Queen Elizabeth I raised the town to the rank of borough. This allowed the establishment of a Corporation of the Borough, a body which consisted of a burgomaster, two bailiffs, a town clerk, and a sergeant at arms, as well as various other officers, burgesses and freemen. Until the Act of Union took effect in 1801 and the abolition of its franchise, the town returned two members to the Irish Parliament. The Corporation itself existed until 1830. In 1803-04, a new Church of Ireland church was built to replace the Old St Peter's and was the first building to be erected on the new Market Square. The building is attributed to architect James Gandon. Other notable buildings constructed in Portlaoise in the nineteenth century included the now-destroyed French Renaissance-style Town Hall on Market Square; the Court House on Main Street, built in 1805; the County Gaol built in 1830 to a design by William Deane Butler; and the neo-classical St. Fintan’s Asylum, built in 1832 on the Dublin Road. In 1929, a few years after the foundation of the Irish Free State, the town was renamed Portlaoighise (later simplified to Portlaoise) and the county was renamed County Laois. A number of other towns in the Free State also reverted to their Irish (or anglicised Irish) names during this period. == Local government == The town forms part of the Portlaoise Municipal District Local Electoral Area for elections to Laois County Council. This includes both the urban Port Laoise area, Abbeyleix and Ballinakill and surrounding rural areas. Portlaoise's Town Council was abolished in 2014. Portlaoise is twinned with Coulounieix-Chamiers in the Dordogne département of France. == Demography == Portlaoise is one of Ireland's fastest growing towns, with a 37.9% increase in population from 2006 to 2011. Non-Irish nationals accounted for 21.7 per cent of the population compared with a national average figure of 12.0 per cent. Polish (7%) were the largest group, followed by Lithuanians (2.7%). Portlaoise is known for having one of the highest percentages of black residents in the country. The former Mayor, Rotimi Adebari was the first person of African descent to become mayor in Ireland. Portlaoise has the highest percentage of people under the age of 18 in Ireland. Due to rapid population growth due in particular to immigration from Eastern Europe especially Poland and Slovakia and its location in the commuter belt Portlaoise boasts some of the country's best services. These include a new fire station and a large swimming leisure complex. Portlaoise has three new secondary schools and five new primary schools (two upcoming). Due to the rapid population growth Portlaoise will see the opening of a new 1,000 student secondary school. Portlaoise has the highest percentage of youth per percentage of population in Ireland with the town considered to be the baby boom capital of Ireland. In the 2016 Census Portlaoise was again in the top 10 fastest growing regions with the population of Portlaoise town and its suburbs approaching 25,000. == Economy == Portlaoise has long been a major commercial and retail hub for the Midlands. Until the mid 20th century, the main industries of the town were flour milling and the manufacture of worsted fabric. Since their respective declines, among the largest employers are state owned bodies such as the maximum-security Port Laoise Prison, which houses the majority of the Irish Republican political prisoners sentenced in the Republic, the Midlands Prison, the Department of Agriculture and the Midland Regional Hospital, Portlaoise. State owned companies Córas Iompair Éireann (have a National Traincare Maintenance Depot in Portlaoise), the ESB (have a Training Centre in the town) and also An Post are all major employers. In 2013 MyPay, a new central payroll system for 55,000 local authority employees across Ireland was set up in Portlaoise. Due to its location and strong transport connections, The National Spatial Strategy chose Portlaoise as the location for Ireland's first Inland Port. This designation encourages the town to focus on the growth of distribution, logistics and warehouse uses. An Post operate the second largest mail centre in Ireland (after Dublin) at their depot in Portlaoise. == Retail == Retail spaces include the Dunamaise Arts Centre which comprises a cinema, performance space and exhibition space, the Portlaoise Leisure Centre, Laois Shopping Centre, Kyle Centre, Parkside Shopping Centres and a retail park on the South Circular Road. == Tourism == An 800-year-old hill-top castle at Dunamase A large Georgian estate home designed by James Gandon and surrounding gardens at Emo Access to the Slieve Bloom Mountains and Forest Park A 12th-century Round Tower in Timahoe. == Transport == Portlaoise stands at a major crossroads in the Irish roads (major roads to Dublin, Limerick, Cork) network although construction in the 1990s of the M7 motorway, which bypasses the town, has reduced traffic congestion in the town centre. The town has a railway station served by intercity trains between Dublin and Cork and by Dublin commuter services. Maryborough railway station opened on 26 June 1847. . Portlaoise is one the busiest railway stations outside of Dublin. It is the terminus of the Portlaoise Commuter Service which stops at all stations to Heuston and runs hourly off peak and every 20/30 minutes during peak times. It is the busiest county town railway station in the Midlands Region, with up to 32 trains to Dublin (10 Non-Stop) and 30 trains from Dublin (9 Non-Stop) per day. Córas Iompair Éireann opened a new rail depot south-west of Portlaoise town centre in March 2008 (officially opened on 25 July 2008). The depot provides a high quality maintenance and servicing facility for the 183 new intercity railcars and some facilities for outer suburban railcars serving the Kildare Route. Bus Éireann operates an intercity service between Dublin and Cork/Limerick which calls at Port Laoise. The town is the terminus for Dublin-Portlaoise coach services operated by Dublin Coach which is at James Fintan Lawlor Avenue, it also stops at Portlaoise Hospital and Kilminchy. Europcar offer a car rental location in Portlaoise. == Culture == == Nightlife == Portlaoise’s central location within Ireland and its concentration of restaurants, pubs, bars and nightclubs around Market Square, Main Street and the Church Street area of the town centre and other nearby facilities such as Paintball, Golf, Bowling and other amenities make it a popular destination for Hens & Stag Parties and other weekend breaks. Portlaoise railway station is the closest station to Stradbally Hall where the Electric Picnic Festival is held each year. == Arts and Festivals == Every year the town hosts the Old Fort Quarter Festival in June, the Halloween Howls Comedy Festival on the October bank holiday weekend and the Leaves Literature Festival in November. == Charity == Since early 2008 Portlaoise has been the Irish base of Self Help Africa, formerly Self Help Development International, the Irish development agency engaged in implementing long term rural development programmes in Sub-Sahara. Established at the time of the Ethiopian Famine of 1984, Self Help is the chosen charity of the Irish Farmers Association. == Sport == Portlaoise RFC is the local rugby club, based just outside the town, at Togher. Portlaoise GAA is the local Gaelic Athletic Association club and the most successful GAA club in Leinster. Portlaoise AFC is the local soccer club, based at Rossleighan Park, and has many unsuccessful graduates in the national league and cup competitions. Port Laoise Leisure Centre has a 25m pool, a gym, a FIFA-approved 2* Astro pitch, a soccer pitch, a large children's playground and a skate park. PORTLAOISE-SENIOR-BASKETBALL-CLUB Portlaoise Golf Club is based at an 18-hole golf course on Abbeyleix Road. == Notable People == Arthur Jacob (1790 - 1874) - Professor of Anatomy (Ophthalmologist). Sean O'Rourke - RTÉ journalist and broadcaster James Fitzmaurice – aviation pioneer. Pat Boran – poet and radio presenter. Bartholomew Mosse, the founder of the Rotunda Hospital, Dublin Stephen Hunt – association football player, was born in Portlaoise in 1981. Pádraig Mac Lógáin – the only two-time President of Sinn Féin owned a pub on Main Street. Robert Sheehan – actor (Misfits, Love/Hate). Zach Tuohy – an Australian Football League player for the Carlton Football Club1

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Pavel Kraskovsky<EOT>1

Pavel Kraskovsky

Pavel Dmitrievich Kraskovsky (Russian: Павел Дмитриевич Красковский; born September 11, 1996) is a Russian professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing with Lokomotiv Yaroslavl of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). Kraskovsky made his Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) debut playing with Lokomotiv Yaroslavl during the 2013–14 KHL season. On June 26, 2014, Kraskovsky was drafted in the 6th round of the 2014 NHL Entry Draft (164th overall) by the Winnipeg Jets of the National Hockey League Kraskovsky competed for Russia in the 2014 IIHF World U18 Championship.

Pavel Dmitrievich Kraskovsky (Russian: Павел Дмитриевич Красковский; born September 11, 1996) is a Russian professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing with Lokomotiv Yaroslavl of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). Kraskovsky made his Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) debut playing with Lokomotiv Yaroslavl during the 2013–14 KHL season. On June 26, 2014, Kraskovsky was drafted in the 6th round of the 2014 NHL Entry Draft (164th overall) by the Winnipeg Jets of the National Hockey League Kraskovsky competed for Russia in the 2014 IIHF World U18 Championship. == Career statistics == == Regular season and playoffs == == International == 1

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VAT identification number<EOT>1

VAT identification number

A value added tax identification number or VAT identification number (VATIN) is an identifier used in many countries, including the countries of the European Union, for value added tax purposes. In the EU, a VAT identification number can be verified online at the EU's official VIES website. It confirms that the number is currently allocated and can provide the name or other identifying details of the entity to whom the identifier has been allocated. However, many national governments will not give out VAT identification numbers due to data protection laws. The full identifier starts with an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 (2 letters) country code (except for Greece, which uses the ISO 639-1 language code EL for the Greek language, instead of its ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code GR) and then has between 2 and 13 characters. The identifiers are composed of numeric digits in most countries, but in some countries they may contain letters. Foreign companies that trade with non-enterprises in the EU may have a VATIN starting with "EU" instead of a country code.

A value added tax identification number or VAT identification number (VATIN) is an identifier used in many countries, including the countries of the European Union, for value added tax purposes. In the EU, a VAT identification number can be verified online at the EU's official VIES website. It confirms that the number is currently allocated and can provide the name or other identifying details of the entity to whom the identifier has been allocated. However, many national governments will not give out VAT identification numbers due to data protection laws. The full identifier starts with an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 (2 letters) country code (except for Greece, which uses the ISO 639-1 language code EL for the Greek language, instead of its ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code GR) and then has between 2 and 13 characters. The identifiers are composed of numeric digits in most countries, but in some countries they may contain letters. Foreign companies that trade with non-enterprises in the EU may have a VATIN starting with "EU" instead of a country code. == VAT numbers by countries == == European Union VAT identification numbers == == VAT numbers of non-EU countries == == VAT numbers of Latin American countries == 1

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William Shatner filmography<EOT>1

William Shatner filmography

The following is a list of works by Canadian actor, singer, author, producer, director and spokesman, William Shatner.

The following is a list of works by Canadian actor, singer, author, producer, director and spokesman, William Shatner. == Filmography == == Television == == Video Games == == Commercials == 1

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Rachel Ryan<EOT>1

Rachel Ryan

Rachel Ryan (born Serina Robinson August 22, 1961) is an American porn actress. who appeared in over 200 adult videos between 1985 and 1998. She had many pseudonyms, including Penny Morgan and Penny Moore. In 1988, Ryan had a small role in Clean and Sober, starring Michael Keaton; she and Keaton had a widely reported affair in the late 1980s. On April 27, 1992, she married comic actor Richard Mulligan, but this union only lasted two years.1

Rachel Ryan (born Serina Robinson August 22, 1961) is an American porn actress. who appeared in over 200 adult videos between 1985 and 1998. She had many pseudonyms, including Penny Morgan and Penny Moore. In 1988, Ryan had a small role in Clean and Sober, starring Michael Keaton; she and Keaton had a widely reported affair in the late 1980s. On April 27, 1992, she married comic actor Richard Mulligan, but this union only lasted two years.1

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George I. Lovatt Sr.<EOT>1

George I. Lovatt Sr.

George I. Lovatt Sr. (1872–1958) was an American architect who designed numerous Roman Catholic churches in Eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey and elsewhere during the late 19th and early 20th century.

George I. Lovatt Sr. (1872–1958) was an American architect who designed numerous Roman Catholic churches in Eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey and elsewhere during the late 19th and early 20th century. == Childhood and architectural education == He studied at the Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art during the academic terms 1890/91 and 1892/93. His first documented commission occurred as a result of the death of Adrian Worthington Smith, who had begun work on the Monastery of the Visitation in Wilmington, Delaware (now demolished). Following Smith's death in 1892, Lovatt completed the convent and continued his studies at the PMSI at the same time. In 1894 he established an architectural practice in Philadelphia, with offices at 424 Walnut Street. == Practice == Lovatt proved to be a formidable competitor for the considerable Catholic church work which was initiated in the time. Although Edwin Forrest Durang and Henry Dagit designed a number of Catholic church and institutional buildings, Durang's firm moved to New York City in the 1930s, leaving Henry D. Dagit, Lovatt, and the Hoffman-Henon firm to divide major Catholic commissions. Lovatt's firm received both local and national honors, including a commendation for the Church of the Most Precious Blood, Philadelphia, in 1926 at the International Exhibition held in Barcelona, Spain. He followed this honor in 1930 by winning the Philadelphia Chapter of the AIA's gold medal for his Church of the Holy Child, Philadelphia. In 1927 he was joined in the firm by his son George I. Lovatt Jr., but did not retire until 1940. == Works include == Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament, Altoona, Pennsylvania Holy Spirit Church, Asbury Park, New Jersey Ascension Church, Bradley Beach, New Jersey St. Joseph Church, Camden, New Jersey Holy Name Church, Camden, New Jersey Our Lady Star of the Sea Church, Cape May, New Jersey Church of The Immaculate Heart of Mary, Chester, Pennsylvania St. John Church, Collingswood, New Jersey Sacred Heart of Jesus Church, Cornwall, Pennsylvania St. Elizabeth Church and Convent, Cornwells Heights, Pennsylvania Blessed Virgin Mary Church, Darby, Pennsylvania St. Andrew Church, Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania St. Joseph Church, Equality, Illinois Assumption Church, Hackettstown, New Jersey Cathedral of Saint Patrick in Harrisburg, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania St. Mary Magdeline Church, Millville, New Jersey Holy Saviour Church, Norristown, Pennsylvania Immaculate Conception Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Holy Angels Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Holy Cross Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania St. Anthony of Padua Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania St. Bridgit Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania St. Agnes Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania St. Aloysius Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania St. Ambrose Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Our Lady of Hope (Holy Child) Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania St. Leo Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Acts of the Apostles (former) Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Sacred Heart Church, Phoenixville, Pennsylvania St. Ann Church, Wildwood, New Jersey Sacred Heart of Jesus Church, Williamstown, Pennsylvania St. Philomena Church, Lansdowne, Pennsylvania St. Ann Church, Wilmington, Delaware St. Elisabeth Church, Wilmington, Delaware St. Joseph Church, Wilmington, Delaware St. Peter Church, Columbia, South Carolina1

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John Roethlisberger<EOT>1

John Roethlisberger

John Roethlisberger (born June 21, 1970) is a retired American gymnast. He is a three-time Olympian, representing the U.S. at the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, and 2000 Olympics in Sydney. He is also a four-time U.S. Nationals all-around champion and four-time U.S. Nationals pommel horse champion. He also won back-to-back American Cup titles in 1995 and 1996. John was named Sportsperson of the Year in 1990, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1998 and 2000 and was a member of six World Championships teams throughout his career.

John Roethlisberger (born June 21, 1970) is a retired American gymnast. He is a three-time Olympian, representing the U.S. at the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, and 2000 Olympics in Sydney. He is also a four-time U.S. Nationals all-around champion and four-time U.S. Nationals pommel horse champion. He also won back-to-back American Cup titles in 1995 and 1996. John was named Sportsperson of the Year in 1990, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1998 and 2000 and was a member of six World Championships teams throughout his career. == Collegiate career == He enrolled at the University of Minnesota where his father was head coach of the men's gymnastics team. While there, he won the NCAA all-around title three times and the Big Ten Conference all-around title four times. In 1993, Roethlisberger won the Nissen Award, and was a 1992 and 1993 Academic All-American. In 1993, John was named the winner of the NCAA Top-six Award, which is awarded annually to the top six student-athletes in the nation from all sports. == Commentary Career == John has been in the commentary box for many Visa Championships, U.S Classic and Nastia Liukin Supergirl Cup competitions for NBC. He also does commentary for the Big Ten Network college gymnastic meets. == Personal life == John is the son of Fred Roethlisberger, who was a member of the 1968 U.S. Olympics gymnastics team. His sister Marie Roethlisberger was an alternate on the 1984 U.S. Olympic gymnastics team. He earned his BS degree in finance and international business. He now co-owns the camp, Flipfest, along with John Macready. Flipfest is located on Lake Frances in Crossville, Tennessee, USA.1

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Playing Around<EOT>If you're a seller, Fulfillment by Amazon can help you increase your sales. We invite you to learn more about Fulfillment by Amazon . 1

Playing Around

Playing Around is a 1930 American Pre-Code drama film with songs, starring Alice White, Chester Morris and William Bakewell. It was adapted from the story entitled Sheba, which was written by Viña Delmar. The film was produced and distributed by First National Pictures, a subsidiary of Warner Bros.

Playing Around is a 1930 American Pre-Code drama film with songs, starring Alice White, Chester Morris and William Bakewell. It was adapted from the story entitled Sheba, which was written by Viña Delmar. The film was produced and distributed by First National Pictures, a subsidiary of Warner Bros. == Plot == Alice White plays the part of a working class girl who dreams about living a life of luxury. Her father, Richard Carlyle, runs a cigar store while White works as a stenographer. William Bakewell, a soda jerker, is madly in love with White and has even asked her father for his consent to their marriage. Although Carlyle likes Bakewell and would like to see her daughter marry him, White refuses to consider marrying him on the wage he currently earns. One day, White convinces Bakewell to take her to a fancy exclusive nightclub. Once they arrive and are seated, Bakewell is shocked at the prices and suggests that they go elsewhere. This leads to an argument with White. As the couple is about to leave, an announcement is made for a leg contest and White decides to enter. She wins first place and is awarded her prize by Chester Morris, a gangster. Dazzled by his fancy clothes and car, White accepts his attentions and give Bakewell the air. Eventually Morris asks White to go away with him. White naively thinks that he intends to marry her. Before they make their trip, Morris, who is low on cash, robs a cigar store and in the process shoots the man behind the counter. Without knowing it, he has shot White's father. As White and Morris are about to leave on their trip, they stop at her father's cigar store to say goodbye. As they approach they see police stationed around and Morris realizes what he has done. He convinces White to stay in the car while he checks out what happened. He talks a bit to the police and then tells White that her father is ok and that he now at the police station to help the police identify a thief. In reality, however White's father is at the hospital suffering from a gunshot wound that Morris gave him. Morris convinces White to continue on the trip with him and they drive to the train station. Bakewell, who suspects that Morris was behind the robbery, asks the police to help him entrap Morris. They manage to get Morris to unwittingly to confess to the crime before he has a chance to board the train. Morris is arrested and White's father recovers. White, chastened by the experience, agrees to marry Bakewell. == Cast == Alice White as Sheba Miller Chester Morris as Nickey Solomon William Bakewell as Jack Richard Carlyle as Pa Miller Marion Byron as Maude Maurice Black as Joe Lionel Belmore as Morgan Shep Camp as Master of Ceremonies Ann Brody as Mrs. Fennerbeck == Songs == "You Learn About Love Every Day" (Theme Song; Sung by Alice White and unidentified tenor.) "You're My Captain Kidd" "That's the Lowdown on the Lowdown" "Playing Around" == Preservation == Playing Around survives intact in the Turner Entertainment library. Also preserved in the Library of Congress collection.1

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Asura effulgens<EOT>1

Asura effulgens

Asura effulgens is a moth of the Arctiidae family. It is found in Papua New Guinea.1

Asura effulgens is a moth of the Arctiidae family. It is found in Papua New Guinea.1

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Alan Whicker<EOT>1

Alan Whicker

Alan Donald Whicker CBE (2 August 1921 – 12 July 2013) was a British journalist and television presenter and broadcaster. His career spanned almost 60 years, during which time he presented the documentary television programme Whicker's World for over 30 years. He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 2005 for services to broadcasting.

Alan Donald Whicker CBE (2 August 1921 – 12 July 2013) was a British journalist and television presenter and broadcaster. His career spanned almost 60 years, during which time he presented the documentary television programme Whicker's World for over 30 years. He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 2005 for services to broadcasting. == Background == Whicker was born to British parents in Cairo, Egypt, in 1921. When he was three years old, his father Charles became seriously ill and the family moved to Richmond in Surrey, where he and his mother remained after the death of his father. He attended Haberdashers' Aske's Boys School where he excelled at cross-country running and, after leaving school at 16 during the Second World War, he was commissioned as an officer in the Devonshire Regiment of the British Army. He then joined the British Army's Film and Photo Unit in Italy in 1943, filming at Anzio and meeting such influential figures as Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery. He was also responsible for taking into custody British traitor John Amery. He revealed in his television series Whicker's War (2004) that he was one of the first in the Allied forces to enter Milan and that he took into custody an SS general and troopers who were looking after the SS vault of money. Whicker also shot footage of the body of Benito Mussolini. == Broadcasting career == After the Second World War, Whicker became a journalist and broadcaster, acting as a newspaper correspondent during the Korean War (during which time his death was mistakenly reported). After joining the BBC in 1957, he became an international reporter for their Tonight programme. In 1958, he began presenting Whicker's World, which began life as a segment on the Tonight programme before becoming a fully-fledged series itself in the 1960s. Whicker's World was filmed all over the globe and became a huge ratings success in the UK. Whicker continued to present the series up until the 1990s, and he won a BAFTA Award in 1964 for his presentation in the Factual category; he also won the Richard Dimbleby Award at the 1978 BAFTA ceremony. Whicker was instrumental in launching Yorkshire Television (which made Whicker's World for some years), producing television programmes for them from 1969 until 1992. At the beginning of the ITV series, Whicker made Papa Doc – The Black Sheep (1969) on Haiti and its dictator "Papa Doc" Duvalier who made himself available to Whicker and his team. While presenting Whicker's World, Whicker was known for his subtle brand of satire, and social commentary. Whicker's World was parodied in a Monty Python's Flying Circus sketch featuring a tropical island, "Whicker Island", where all the inhabitants dress and act like Alan Whicker. Benny Hill, towards the end of his BBC series in 1968, impersonated Whicker in a parody called "Knicker's World". He was parodied again in 1981 by the Evasions, a British funk group whose song, "Wikka Wrap", featured songwriter Graham de Wilde impersonating Whicker. De Wilde also composed the theme tune for the 1980s BBC episodes of Whicker's World. Whicker appeared in various adverts for American Express, Barclaycard, and was also the man behind the advertising slogan "Hello World", for travelocity.co.uk. He narrated the 2007 and 2008 BBC documentary series Comedy Map of Britain. In the 2005 New Year Honours, Whicker was created a Commander of the Order of the British Empire for services to broadcasting. In 2009, then in his 80s, Whicker returned to some of the locations and people who were originally featured in Whicker's World for the BBC series Alan Whicker's Journey Of A Lifetime. In this, he met with various people whom he had interviewed decades earlier to see how their lives had progressed since the initial programme. He was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1983 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at the Berkeley Hotel in London’s Kensington. == Personal life == Whicker had a relationship with Olga Deterding from 1966 to 1969. He was with his partner, Valerie Kleeman (who was 20 years his junior), from 1969. He neither married nor had children. == Death == Whicker died on 12 July 2013 from bronchial pneumonia at his home in Jersey, in the Channel Islands, aged 91. BAFTA, who awarded Whicker the "Factual Personality Award" in 1965, tweeted "So sad to hear the news about Alan Whicker, who has passed away at the age of 87." Broadcaster Sir Michael Parkinson stated that Whicker was "a fine journalist and great storyteller", adding: "I can think of no other television reporter before or since who created such a wonderful catalogue of unforgettable programmes." Michael Palin noted that Whicker was "a great character, a great traveller and an excellent reporter", while travel presenter Judith Chalmers said he was "an icon for the travel industry". Most obituary writers said that Whicker was 87 at the time of his death, based on his entry in Who's Who giving a date of birth in 1925. The Financial Times pointed out that his age had been queried, with school records showing August 1921, making him 91 when he died. In June 2015 it was announced that Whicker's estate would fund, through the Whicker's World Foundation, three prizes totalling £100,000 to be awarded to new film-makers, including one to encourage people aged over 50 to film their first documentary.1

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Jealous One's Envy<EOT>1

Jealous One's Envy

Jealous One's Envy is the second studio album by American rapper Fat Joe. The album was released on October 24, 1995, by Relativity. The song "Watch Out" is known for having the first ever record appearance of fellow rapper Big Pun.

Jealous One's Envy is the second studio album by American rapper Fat Joe. The album was released on October 24, 1995, by Relativity. The song "Watch Out" is known for having the first ever record appearance of fellow rapper Big Pun. == Track listing == == Samples == Bronx Tale "Shoreline Drive" by Sammy Nestico Success "Living in Dreams" by Herb Ohta Envy "Sexual Healing" by Marvin Gaye Fat Joe's in Town "Dance to the Drummer's Beat" by Herman Kelly & Life "Slow Dance" by Stanley Clarke "Ask of You" by Raphael Saadiq Gangbanging Interlude "Cyrus' Speech" from The Warriors Part Deux "Love Serenade" by Barry White King NY "Piece of the Action" from King of New York The Shit Is Real (DJ Premier Remix) "The World Is a Ghetto" by Ahmad Jamal "Uphill Peace of Mind" by Kid Dynamite Respect Mine "Holy Are You" by The Electric Prunes Watch Out "Do a Thing" by Herbie Hancock Say Word "Munchies for Your Love" by Bootsy Collins Success (DJ Premier Remix) "Mysterious Traveller" by Weather Report "Hydra" by Grover Washington, Jr. Dedication "In the Mood" by Tyrone Davis Bronx Keeps Creating It "Holy Thursday" by David Axelrod == Charts == 1

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Willamette Stone<EOT>1

Willamette Stone

The Willamette Stone was a small stone obelisk originally installed by the Department of Interior in 1885 in the western hills of Portland, Oregon in the United States to mark the intersection and origin of the Willamette meridian and Willamette baseline. It replaced a cedar stake placed by the Surveyor General of the Oregon Territory in 1851; this stake defined the grid system of sections and townships from which all real property in the states of Oregon and Washington has been measured following the Donation Land Claim Act of 1850. The Willamette meridian runs north–south, and the Willamette baseline runs east–west through the marker.

The Willamette Stone was a small stone obelisk originally installed by the Department of Interior in 1885 in the western hills of Portland, Oregon in the United States to mark the intersection and origin of the Willamette meridian and Willamette baseline. It replaced a cedar stake placed by the Surveyor General of the Oregon Territory in 1851; this stake defined the grid system of sections and townships from which all real property in the states of Oregon and Washington has been measured following the Donation Land Claim Act of 1850. The Willamette meridian runs north–south, and the Willamette baseline runs east–west through the marker. == History == The location of the obelisk is now indicated by a stainless steel marker in Willamette Stone State Heritage Site, an Oregon state park approximately four miles (6.4 km) west of downtown Portland. The site is near Skyline Boulevard, in the West Hills overlooking the Tualatin Valley and the Willamette River watershed. The grid defined by the stone extended the Public Land Survey System and was used as the basis of land claims in the Oregon Territory. The first marker, a red cedar stake, was placed on the site on June 4, 1851, by John B. Preston, the first Surveyor General of the Oregon Territory. Preston was appointed by President Millard Fillmore to create a system for surveying land in the territory; he lost his position in 1853, and "drifted into obscurity." The location was chosen such that the baseline would not cross the Columbia River and the meridian would lie west of Vancouver Lake. The meridian and baseline were surveyed using solar compasses by James E. Freeman of Wisconsin and William Ives of Michigan. Ives surveyed the baseline in both directions and the meridian to the north; Freeman surveyed the meridian to the south. The grid system was an extension of the system used in the Northwest Territory proposed by Thomas Jefferson. The Willamette Stone marked the location of the first townships and ranges north and south of the marker. The Department of Interior replaced the stake with a stone obelisk on July 25, 1885. On two sides, the stone was marked with the words "BASE" and "LINE", while on the other two sides it was marked with the words "WILL." and "MER." As the stone was vandalized in the 1980s, the federal government replaced it with the current marker, and an accompanying bronze plaque: "Beginning here, the Willamette meridian was established running north to Puget Sound and south to the California border, and the baseline was established running east to the Idaho border and west to the Pacific Ocean." == Streets == The location of the Willamette meridian and Willamette baseline can be identified by various streets that follow or parallel their courses, often named to call attention to this fact. == North–South streets and the meridian == Streets named because they follow the meridian In Clackamas County, SW Stafford Road and Meridian Road follow the meridian. In Marion County several sections of Meridian Road follow the meridian, but hilly terrain forces many deviations. In Jackson County, Meridian Road follows several miles of the meridian. In Thurston County, Washington, east of Lacey, three sections of Meridian Road follow the meridian, totaling about three miles (5 km). In Kitsap County, Washington, west of Silverdale, Willamette Meridian Road NW follows the meridian for about three miles (5 km). Other streets that follow the meridian In Multnomah County, SW 65th Avenue and a short section of Interstate 5 immediately south of the Barbur Blvd. interchange overlay the meridian. In Clark County, Washington, north of Ridgefield, NW 71st Avenue follows the meridian for about two miles. In Lewis County, Washington, east of Toledo, Templeton and Schmidt roads follow the meridian for the mile adjacent to SR 505. South of US Highway 12 at Ethel, Tucker and Classe Roads follow the meridian for about 3 miles. In Pierce County, Washington, on the Key Peninsula, 150th Avenue S follows the meridian its entire 1½ mile length. In Thurston County, Washington, east of Lacey, Tucker Road SE (no relation to the Tucker Road in Lewis County) follows the meridian for about 3/4 of a mile. In Kitsap County, Washington, east of Bangor, parts of Lester Road NW, Grampus Road, and Snook Road follow the meridian for a total of about two miles. In Whatcom County, Washington, near Birch Bay, Jackson Road (south of the bay) and Harborview Road (north of the bay) both follow the meridian, for a total of about five miles. In Jefferson County, Washington, near Hadlock, Cleveland Street, south of Port Townsend Bay, follows the meridian for about 3 blocks. Streets named because they parallel the meridian In Whatcom County, Washington, Guide Meridian Road (State Route 539) is named after the Guide Meridian between R2E and R3E, 12 miles east of the Willamette Meridian. In Newberg, Meridian Street is several miles west of the Willamette meridian. == East–West streets and the baseline == Streets named because they follow the baseline Baseline Road in Tillamook, Washington County, Oregon, Hood River, Gilliam, and Morrow counties all follow or start at the Willamette baseline. Other streets that follow the baseline Stark Street in east Portland and Washington County follows the Willamette baseline. Streets named because they parallel the baseline Division Street in Portland and Section Line Road in East Multnomah County follow the division between the first and second rows of square-mile sections south of the Willamette baseline.1

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1896 Brooklyn Bridegrooms season<EOT>WSC Birth Year Legacy cards!! Just another perk for joining the White Sox Cards Facebook page . The regular WSC Birth Year cards cover fro... 1

1896 Brooklyn Bridegrooms season

The 1896 Brooklyn Bridegrooms finished the season in tenth place in the crowded National League race.

The 1896 Brooklyn Bridegrooms finished the season in tenth place in the crowded National League race. == Offseason == November 18, 1895: Tommy McCarthy was purchased by the Bridegrooms from the Boston Beaneaters. == Regular season == == Season standings == == Record vs. opponents == == Roster == == Player stats == == Batting == == Starters by position == == Other batters == == Pitching == == Starting pitchers == == Other pitchers == 1

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Conus fernandesi<EOT>1

Conus fernandesi

Conus fernandesi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae. It is endemic to the Cape Verde islands.

Conus fernandesi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae. It is endemic to the Cape Verde islands. == Description == The size of the shell varies between 18 mm and 27 mm. As all species within the genus Conus, these snails are predatory and venomous and capable of "stinging" humans who handle them. == Distribution and habitat == The species is endemic to Cape Verde and so far only known from a coastal strip 1 km in length on a single island. It has been found among algae and in crevices at water depths between 2 and 4 m. == Conservation == C. fernandesi appears to be scarce and to have an extremely limited range along the coast of Santo Antão, which also happens to be subject to very heavy ferry traffic. It is therefore considered to be vulnerable to habitat destruction and pollution impacts, and has been classified as endangered by the IUCN.1

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The Priory Witham Academy<EOT>RT @WithamMfl: Learning beastly irregular verbs with grammar bugs . https://t.co/EQOh2Iwrtx 1

The Priory Witham Academy

The Priory Witham Academy is a mixed all-through school and sixth form located in Lincoln in the English county of Lincolnshire. The school educates pupils aged 3 to 18. The school was formed in September 2008 from the merger of Moorlands Infant School, Usher Junior School and Ancaster High School. As an academy the school is part of The Priory Federation of Academies Trust which includes The Priory Academy LSST, Priory City of Lincoln Academy and The Priory Ruskin Academy. The Priory Witham Academy offers GCSEs, BTECs, OCR Nationals and City and Guilds courses as programmes of study for pupils, while students in the sixth form have the option to study from a range of A Levels and further BTEC and City and Guilds courses.1

The Priory Witham Academy is a mixed all-through school and sixth form located in Lincoln in the English county of Lincolnshire. The school educates pupils aged 3 to 18. The school was formed in September 2008 from the merger of Moorlands Infant School, Usher Junior School and Ancaster High School. As an academy the school is part of The Priory Federation of Academies Trust which includes The Priory Academy LSST, Priory City of Lincoln Academy and The Priory Ruskin Academy. The Priory Witham Academy offers GCSEs, BTECs, OCR Nationals and City and Guilds courses as programmes of study for pupils, while students in the sixth form have the option to study from a range of A Levels and further BTEC and City and Guilds courses.1