README.md

---
license: cc
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  default: true
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---
# Paraphrases of Sentences from [Tatoeba](https://tatoeba.org/en)

Downloaded: 2024-07-08

**Description:**
- Large multilingual paraphrase dataset
- If two sentences translate to the same sentence in a foreign language, then those two sentences could be paraphrases.

**Creation Process:**
1. Translation pairs of sentences are first linked in a large undirected graph.
2. The connected components of the graph contain sentences with similar meanings.
3. Sentences in the same language in the same component are taken to be paraphrases.
4. Only clusters of 2-20 sentences are counted. Any larger cluster is likely to come from irrelevant sentences linked by bad translation.
5. Only languages with at least 10 clusters are included here.

**Format:**
- GZipped JSON files
- Each line contains one cluster of paraphrase sentences in JSON format

**Dataset Configs:**
- [ISO 639-3 language codes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ISO_639-3_codes) as listed on Tatoeba

**Sample entry:**

```json
{
  "id": 5,
  "sentences": [
    "Today is June 18th and it is Muiriel's birthday!",
    "It's 18th June today, and also Muiriel's birthday!",
    "Today is June 18th, the birthday of Muiriel!",
    "Today is June 18 and it is Muriel's birthday!"
  ]
}
```

`id`: The cluster ID of the sentences. Clusters with the same ID in other languages mutually translate to this set of sentences.

`sentences`: List of sentences belonging to this cluster. That is, those sentences are paraphrases of each other.

# Limitations

Many important things are lost in translation. Even if two sentences translate to the same thing in a foreign language, they might not be good paraphrases.

- Context and connotations ("What's up, Mike?", "What's wrong, Mike?")
- Gendered common nouns ("I need to get rid of it.", "I need to get rid of her.", "I need to get rid of him.")
- Ambiguous cases that could be the same or different.
  - "I'll shoot it down.", "I'll kill it with a gun."
  - "What kind of people do you prefer?", "What's your type?", "What kind of guys do you like?"

Also some languages have important features such as:

- [Familiar vs. formal forms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E2%80%93V_distinction)
- Verb tenses, modality, and moods (so a sentence pair can be paraphrases in one language but not in others)
- Vocabulary, noun distinctions, and cultural concepts (so foreign translations will lose the original meaning of the sentence)
- Idioms, dialects, slang, jargon